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Matioli TF, de Bastos Pazini J, da Silva MR, Santana EDR, Yamamoto PT. Sublethal and Transgenerational Effects of Reduced-Risk Insecticides on Macrolophus basicornis (Hemiptera: Miridae). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:383-390. [PMID: 38228816 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Reduced-risk insecticides and mirid predators have been used to control Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in tomato crops. However, even when causing low mortality to the beneficial insects, these products might cause side effects. This study investigated the sublethal and transgenerational effects of buprofezin, cyantraniliprole, and spiromesifen on Macrolophus basicornis (Stal) (Hemiptera: Miridae). After 72 h of exposure of third-instar nymphs and adults to residues on tomato leaves, adult couples were formed and kept in cages with residue-free tomato leaves. The leaves were changed every 48 h and the offspring were assessed in 6 different periods. Body size was assessed by measuring the hind-tibia length of adults (F0) from exposed nymphs and in three different offspring groups. None of the insecticide residues caused a reduction on offspring populations or affected the body size of adults in generation F0. Regardless, buprofezin and spiromesifen reduced the tibia length of adults (F1) from exposed nymphs assayed in the third mating period. Cyantraniliprole did not affect any parameter and could be recommended for control of B. tabaci in association with M. basicornis releases. This study may contribute to future field assays of the compatibility of these insecticides with M. basicornis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Fagundes Matioli
- Dept of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, Univ of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Juliano de Bastos Pazini
- Dept of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, Univ of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Rosa da Silva
- Dept of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, Univ of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emile Dayara Rabelo Santana
- Dept of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, Univ of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro Takao Yamamoto
- Dept of Entomology and Acarology, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, Univ of São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sakamoto H, Goka K. Efficiency of ant-control agents in colony-level oral toxicity tests using Tetramorium tsushimae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) for post-establishment control of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). APPLIED ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY 2022; 58:25-33. [PMID: 36245437 PMCID: PMC9547751 DOI: 10.1007/s13355-022-00800-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) causes serious damage worldwide as an invasive alien species. The species has expanded its range to the Pacific Rim since 2000s and Japan has faced its multiple introductions since 2017. While colony-level control methods are urgently needed, testing living colonies of the unestablished species is challenging especially due to various restrictions under the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we proposed alternative long-term toxicity assays using artificial colonies of Tetramorium tsushimae Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), a Japanese native species belonging to the same subfamily (Myrmicinae) as S. invicta. We conducted an acute toxicity test to determine if T. tsushimae is a suitable substitute for S. invicta using fipronil and found the LD50 value in T. tsushimae was close to that in S. invicta. Then, we conducted the long-term toxicity test with fipronil and two insect growth regulators (pyriproxyfen and etoxazole) using artificial colonies of T. tsushimae. All workers and larvae in the fipronil-treated colonies died within 3 days of treatment initiation. Emergence of new workers was observed after 18 days in the etoxazole-treated and control colonies, but not in the pyriproxyfen-treated colonies. We concluded that fipronil was the most promising insecticide for post-establishment control, and pyriproxyfen was effective as a toxic-bait agent for colony-level control. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13355-022-00800-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Sakamoto
- Biodiversity Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0053 Japan
| | - Koichi Goka
- Biodiversity Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Onogawa 16-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0053 Japan
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3
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Kato Y, Kikuta S, Barribeau SM, Inoue MN. In vitro larval rearing method of eusocial bumblebee Bombus terrestris for toxicity test. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15783. [PMID: 36138070 PMCID: PMC9499950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19965-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bumblebees are important pollinators of wild and agricultural plants but recently have been declining due to various stressors, such as pesticides and diseases. Because of the haplo-diploid sex determination system in hymenopterans, experiments using micro-colonies (small sub colonies without a queen) to identify risks to bumblebee health are limited as they are only able to produce males. Therefore, an experimental protocol for rearing bumblebee larvae in vitro is needed to better understand effects on worker larvae. Here, we aimed to establish a rearing method for larvae of Bombus terrestris for use in risk assessment assays. To confirm the validity of our rearing method, we tested two insecticides used for tomato cultivation, chlorfenapyr and dinotefuran. Bombus terrestris larvae fed with a high nutrient quantity and quality diet increased growth per day. All chlorfenapyr-exposed individuals died within 10 days at 2000-fold dilution, an application dose used for tomatoes. There were significant differences in adult emergence rate among almost all chlorfenapyr treatments. On the other hand, sublethal dinotefuran-exposure did not affect rates of pupation and adult emergence, growth, or larval and pupal periods. Although larvae were smaller than in the natural colony, this rearing method for B. terrestris larvae proved to be effective at evaluating realistic sub-colonies to pesticide exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Kato
- Department of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shingo Kikuta
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, Ami, Ibaraki, 300-0393, Japan
| | - Seth M Barribeau
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary, and Ecological Sciences, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Maki N Inoue
- Department of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
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Goebel KM, Davros NM, Andersen DE, Rice PJ. Tallgrass prairie wildlife exposure to spray drift from commonly used soybean insecticides in Midwestern USA. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151745. [PMID: 34801497 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Insecticides are widely used in the Midwestern USA to combat soybean aphids (Aphis glycines), a globally important crop pest. Broad-spectrum foliar insecticides such as chlorpyrifos, lambda-cyhalothrin, and bifenthrin (hereafter, "target insecticides") are toxic to wildlife in laboratory settings; however, little information exists regarding drift and deposition of these insecticides in fragmented tallgrass prairie grasslands such as those in Minnesota, USA. To address this information gap, target insecticide spray drift and deposition were measured on passive samplers and arthropods in grasslands adjacent to crop fields in Minnesota. Samples were collected at focal soybean field sites immediately following target insecticide application and at reference corn field sites without target insecticide application. Target insecticides were detected 400 m into grasslands at both focal and reference sites. Residues of chlorpyrifos, an insecticide especially toxic to pollinators and birds, were measured above the contact lethal dose (LD50) for honey bees (Apis mellifera) up to 25 m from field edges in adjacent grasslands. Chlorpyrifos residues on arthropods were below the acute oral LD50 for several common farmland bird species but were above the level shown to impair migratory orientation in white-crowed sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys). Deposition of target insecticides on passive samplers was inversely associated with distance from field edge and percent canopy cover of grassland vegetation, and positively associated with samplers placed at mid-canopy compared to ground level. Target insecticide deposition on arthropods had an inverse relationship with vertical vegetation density and was positively associated with maximum height of vegetation. Tallgrass prairie with cover ≥25 m from row crop edges may provide wildlife habitat with lower exposure to foliar application insecticides. Prairie management regimes that increase percent canopy cover and density of vegetation may also reduce exposure of wildlife to these insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelin M Goebel
- Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, 200 Hodson Hall, 1980 Folwell Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
| | - Nicole M Davros
- Farmland Wildlife Populations and Research Group, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, 35365 800th Avenue, Madelia, MN 56062, USA
| | - David E Andersen
- U.S. Geological Survey, Minnesota Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, 200 Hodson Hall, 1980 Folwell Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Pamela J Rice
- Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, University of Minnesota, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, Room 439, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Alvarez F, Arena M, Auteri D, Borroto J, Brancato A, Carrasco Cabrera L, Castoldi AF, Chiusolo A, Colagiorgi A, Colas M, Crivellente F, De Lentdecker C, Egsmose M, Fait G, Gouliarmou V, Ferilli F, Greco L, Ippolito A, Istace F, Jarrah S, Kardassi D, Kienzler A, Leuschner R, Lava R, Linguadoca A, Lythgo C, Magrans O, Mangas I, Miron I, Molnar T, Padovani L, Parra Morte JM, Pedersen R, Reich H, Santos M, Sharp R, Szentes C, Terron A, Tiramani M, Vagenende B, Villamar‐Bouza L. Updated peer review of the pesticide risk assessment of the active substance bifenazate. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06818. [PMID: 34484448 PMCID: PMC8404099 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The conclusions of the EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State, Sweden, and co-rapporteur Member State, Italy, for the pesticide active substance bifenazate are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of bifenazate as an acaricide on strawberry, fruiting vegetables (tomatoes, peppers, aubergines, cucumbers, courgettes, melons, watermelons), flowering and ornamental plants and nursery ornamentals and updated following the request to peer review the exposure and risk assessments for bifenazate. The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified.
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Van Oystaeyen A, Klatt BK, Petit C, Lenaerts N, Wäckers F. Short-term lab assessments and microcolonies are insufficient for the risk assessment of insecticides for bees. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 273:128518. [PMID: 33092828 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Risk assessment studies addressing effects of agrochemicals on bumblebees frequently use microcolonies. These are queenless colonies consisting of workers only in which typically one worker will lay unfertilized male-destined eggs. In the first tier of risk assessment for bees, short-term laboratory experiments (e.g. microcolonies) are used, the results of which will determine whether higher tier (semi-)field experiments are needed. To evaluate the suitability of microcolonies for risk assessment, a direct comparison between different assessment methods for the neonicotinoid pesticides acetamiprid and thiacloprid was made: microcolonies and queenright colonies under short-term laboratory conditions, queenright colonies under long-term laboratory conditions, and queenright colonies under field conditions. Here, we demonstrate that results from microcolonies contradict results from queenright colonies. While thiacloprid negatively impacted gyne production in queenright colonies, it had a positive effect on microcolony size. By contrast, thiacloprid had no significant effect on fitness parameters of queenright colonies under short-term laboratory conditions when mostly workers are produced. These results thus highlight both the need for long term assessments, allowing evaluation of gyne production, and the risk of reaching erroneous conclusions when using microcolonies. The negative effect of thiacloprid on colony fitness was confirmed under field conditions, where thiacloprid affected the production of reproductives, colony weight gain, worker weight, and foraging behaviour. For acetamiprid, a negative trend on colony fitness could only be shown in a field setup. Therefore, field-realistic setups, which allow colonies to forage freely, are most appropriate to assess sublethal effects of pesticides affecting behaviour and learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Van Oystaeyen
- Biobest Group NV, Research & Development, Ilse Velden 18, 2260, Westerlo, Belgium; Laboratory of Socioecology and Social Evolution, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Björn K Klatt
- Biodiversity Unit, Department of Biology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 37, SE-22362, Lund, Sweden
| | - Clément Petit
- Biobest Group NV, Research & Development, Ilse Velden 18, 2260, Westerlo, Belgium; Montpellier SupAgro, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Nancy Lenaerts
- Biobest Group NV, Research & Development, Ilse Velden 18, 2260, Westerlo, Belgium
| | - Felix Wäckers
- Biobest Group NV, Research & Development, Ilse Velden 18, 2260, Westerlo, Belgium; Lancaster Environment Center, Lancaster University, LA1 4YQ, Lancaster, UK
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7
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Peng Y, Li M, Huang Y, Cheng B, Cao Z, Liao X, Xiong G, Liu F, Hu C, Lu H. Bifenazate induces developmental and immunotoxicity in zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129457. [PMID: 33445023 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bifenazate is a widely used acaricide, but its biological safety remains unknown. In the present study, the immunotoxic effects of exposure to bifenazate on zebrafish larvae were evaluated for the first time. Firstly, after exposure to bifenazate, the body length of the zebrafish larvae became shorter and the yolk sac swelled. Secondly, the number of innate immune cells and adaptive immune cells was greatly reduced. Following exposure to bifenazate, oxidative stress levels in the zebrafish increased significantly, antioxidant activity was inhibited, and the expression of genes related to antioxidants, such as those of the glutathione metabolism pathway, changed, including gclm, prdx1, serpine1, and gss. In addition, inflammatory factors such as CXCL-c1c, IFN-γ, iL-8, iL-6, and MYD88 were abnormally expressed. The use of astaxanthin was effective in rescuing the developmental toxicity caused by bifenazate exposure. In summary, bifenazate exposure is immunotoxic and can cause oxidative stress in zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Peng
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China; Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Min Li
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zigang Cao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Xinjun Liao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Guanghua Xiong
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Fasheng Liu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China
| | - Chengyu Hu
- Department of Bioscience, College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Affiliated Hospital of Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, 343009, China; Center for Drug Screening and Research, School of Geography and Environmental Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, Jiangxi, China.
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Main AR, Hladik ML, Webb EB, Goyne KW, Mengel D. Beyond neonicotinoids - Wild pollinators are exposed to a range of pesticides while foraging in agroecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 742:140436. [PMID: 32623160 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide exposure is a growing global concern for pollinator conservation. While most current pesticide studies have specifically focused on the impacts of neonicotinoid insecticides toward honeybees and some native bee species, wild pollinators may be exposed to a broader range of agrochemicals. In 2016 and 2017 we collected a total of 637 wild bees and butterflies from the margins of cultivated agricultural fields situated on five Conservation Areas in mid-northern Missouri. Pollinators were composited by individual genera (90 samples) and whole tissues were then analyzed for the presence of 168 pesticides and degradation products. At least one pesticide was detected (% frequency) in the following wild bee genera: Bombus (96%), Eucera (75%), Melissodes (73%), Ptilothrix (50%), Xylocopa (50%), and Megachile (17%). Similarly, at least one pesticide was detected in the following lepidopteran genera: Hemaris (100%), Hylephila (75%), Danaus (60%), and Colias (50%). Active ingredients detected in >2% of overall pollinator samples were as follows: metolachlor (24%), tebuconazole (22%), atrazine (18%), imidacloprid desnitro (13%), bifenthrin (9%), flumetralin (9%), p, p'-DDD (6%), tebupirimfos (4%), fludioxonil (4%), flutriafol (3%), cyproconazole (2%), and oxadiazon (2%). Concentrations of individual pesticides ranged from 2 to 174 ng/g. Results of this pilot field study indicate that wild pollinators are exposed to and are potentially bioaccumulating a wide variety of pesticides in addition to neonicotinoids. Here, we provide evidence that wild bee and butterfly genera may face exposure to a wide range of insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides despite being collected from areas managed for conservation. Therefore, even with the presence of extensive habitat, minimal agricultural activity on Conservation Areas may expose pollinators to a range of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anson R Main
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Michelle L Hladik
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Elisabeth B Webb
- U.S. Geological Survey, Missouri Cooperative Research Unit, Columbia, MO, USA; School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Keith W Goyne
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Doreen Mengel
- Missouri Department of Conservation, Resource Science Division, Columbia, MO, USA
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Belsky JE, Camp AA, Lehmann DM. The Importance of Males to Bumble Bee ( Bombus Species) Nest Development and Colony Viability. INSECTS 2020; 11:E506. [PMID: 32764336 PMCID: PMC7469185 DOI: 10.3390/insects11080506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bumble bee population declines over the last decade have stimulated strong interest in determining causative factors and necessary conservation measures. Research attention has largely been directed toward bumble bee worker and queen health and their contributions to population stability, while male bees (i.e., drones) have typically been overlooked regarding their role in influencing colony fitness and longevity. In this review we assess existing literature on the diverse role of males within bumble bee nests and their importance to queen health and fitness, as well as to overall nest success. The implications of reproductive measures, including sperm transfer, mating behavior, mating plugs, and male immunity, among other topics, are examined. Overall, bumble bee males are found to drive colony function in a unique manner. Current knowledge gaps pertaining to the role of males are discussed. We highlight the importance of drones to queen success and fitness in many ways, and suggest future research exploring impacts of this often-neglected caste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph E Belsky
- Public Health & Environmental Systems Division, Integrated Health Assessment Branch Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment (CPHEA), US-Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27711, USA
| | - Allison A Camp
- ORISE Researcher, Research Triangle Park Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27711, USA
| | - David M Lehmann
- Public Health & Environmental Systems Division, Integrated Health Assessment Branch Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment (CPHEA), US-Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27711, USA
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Camp AA, Batres M, Williams W, Lehmann DM. Impact of Diflubenzuron on Bombus impatiens (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Microcolony Development. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2020; 49:203-210. [PMID: 31858127 PMCID: PMC7400686 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvz150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Reliance on the honey bee as a surrogate organism for risk assessment performed on other bees is widely challenged due to differences in phenology, life history, and sensitivity to pesticides between bee species. Consequently, there is a need to develop validated methods for assessing toxicity in non-Apis bees including bumble bees. The usefulness of small-scale, queenless colonies, termed microcolonies, has not been fully investigated for hazard assessment. Using the insect growth regulator diflubenzuron as a reference toxicant, we monitored microcolony development from egg laying to drone emergence using the Eastern bumble bee Bombus impatiens (C.), a non-Apis species native to North America. Microcolonies were monitored following dietary exposure to diflubenzuron (nominal concentrations: 0.1, 1, 10, 100, and 1,000 µg/liter). Microcolony syrup and pollen consumption was significantly reduced by diflubenzuron exposure. Pupal cell production was also significantly decreased at the highest diflubenzuron concentration assessed. Ultimately, diflubenzuron inhibited drone production in a concentration-dependent manner and a 42-d 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined. None of the dietary concentrations of diflubenzuron tested affected adult worker survival, or average drone weight. These data strengthen the foundation for use of this methodology, and provide valuable information for B. impatiens; however, more work is required to better understand the utility of the bumble bee microcolony model for pesticide hazard assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. A. Camp
- ORISE Researcher, Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - M.A. Batres
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - W.C. Williams
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment (CPHEA), US - Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - D. M. Lehmann
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment (CPHEA), US - Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
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Fernández MDM, Colomer I, Medina P, Fereres A, Del Estal P, Viñuela E. Efficacy of a long-lasting bifenthrin-treated net against horticultural pests and its compatibility with the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii and the parasitic wasp Eretmocerus mundus. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:1689-1697. [PMID: 28066972 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) have been investigated recently for their use in agriculture. Depending on the insecticide, the hole size and the way they are produced, these nets can target different pests and therefore they could be interesting options for use in integrated pest management (IPM). As the information on their compatibility with beneficial fauna is practically negligible, in this work we have tested the compatibility of an experimental bifenthrin long-lasting insecticide-treated net (LLITN) with Amblyseius swirskii and Eretmocerus mundus, important natural enemies of whiteflies and thrips, under laboratory, semi-field and commercial greenhouse conditions. RESULTS In the laboratory, the treated net was very deleterious to adults of both natural enemies, after 72 h exposure. However, in choice tests with Y-tubes, both natural enemies were neither attracted nor repelled by the treated net and no short-term mortality was detected in individuals that had crossed it. No deleterious effects on the E. mundus beneficial capacity were detected in semi-field trials. In field trials, the LLITN proved to be compatible with A. swirskii while decreasing pest densities. CONCLUSIONS Bifenthrin LLITN studied could be a valuable method for reducing pest population infestations in IPM programmes while being compatible with biocontrol agents. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Mar Fernández
- Crop Protection Unit, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Colomer
- Department of Rural Engineering, University of Almería (UAL), Ctra. Sacramento s/n, Almería, Spain
| | - Pilar Medina
- Crop Protection Unit, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
- Associate Unit IVAS (CSIC-UPM): Control of insect vectors of viruses in horticultural sustainable systems
| | - Alberto Fereres
- Associate Unit IVAS (CSIC-UPM): Control of insect vectors of viruses in horticultural sustainable systems
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA), CSIC, Serrano 115 Dpdo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Del Estal
- Crop Protection Unit, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
- Associate Unit IVAS (CSIC-UPM): Control of insect vectors of viruses in horticultural sustainable systems
| | - Elisa Viñuela
- Crop Protection Unit, School of Agricultural, Food and Biosystems Engineering, Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Ciudad Universitaria s/n, Madrid, Spain
- Associate Unit IVAS (CSIC-UPM): Control of insect vectors of viruses in horticultural sustainable systems
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Abstract
The conclusions of EFSA following the peer review of the initial risk assessments carried out by the competent authorities of the rapporteur Member State Sweden and co-rapporteur Member State Italy for the pesticide active substance bifenazate are reported. The context of the peer review was that required by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 844/2012. The conclusions were reached on the basis of the evaluation of the representative uses of bifenazate as an acaricide on strawberry, fruiting vegetables (tomatoes, peppers, aubergines, cucumbers, courgettes, melons and watermelons), flowering and ornamental plants, and nursery ornamentals. The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment, are presented. Missing information identified as being required by the regulatory framework is listed. Concerns are identified.
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13
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Cabrera AR, Almanza MT, Cutler GC, Fischer DL, Hinarejos S, Lewis G, Nigro D, Olmstead A, Overmyer J, Potter DA, Raine NE, Stanley-Stahr C, Thompson H, van der Steen J. Initial recommendations for higher-tier risk assessment protocols for bumble bees, Bombus spp. (Hymenoptera: Apidae). INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND MANAGEMENT 2016; 12:222-9. [PMID: 26108565 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.1675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Global declines of bumble bees and other pollinator populations are of concern because of their critical role for crop production and maintenance of wild plant biodiversity. Although the consensus among scientists is that the interaction of many factors, including habitat loss, forage scarcity, diseases, parasites, and pesticides, potentially plays a role in causing these declines, pesticides have received considerable attention and scrutiny. In response, regulatory agencies have introduced more stringent pollinator testing requirements for registration and reregistration of pesticides, to ensure that the risks to pollinators are minimized. In this context, guidelines for testing bumble bees (Bombus spp.) in regulatory studies are not yet available, and a pressing need exists to develop suitable protocols for routine higher-tier studies with these non-Apis sp., social bees. To meet this need, Bayer CropScience LP, Syngenta Crop Protection LLC US, and Valent USA. Corporation organized a workshop bringing together a group of global experts on bumble bee behavior, ecology, and ecotoxicology to discuss and develop draft protocols for both semi-field (Tier II) and field (Tier III) studies. The workshop was held May 8-9, 2014, at the Bayer Bee Care Center, North Carolina, USA. The participants represented academic, consulting, and industry scientists from Europe, Canada, the United States, and Brazil. The workshop identified a clear protection goal and generated proposals for basic experimental designs, relevant measurements, and endpoints for both semifield (tunnel) and field tests. These initial recommendations are intended to form the basis of discussions to help advance the development of appropriate protocol guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana R Cabrera
- Bayer CropScience LP, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - G Christopher Cutler
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - David L Fischer
- Bayer CropScience LP, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Silvia Hinarejos
- Sumitomo Chemical Agro Europe SAS, Parc d'affaires de Crécy, Saint Didier au Mont d'Or, France
| | - Gavin Lewis
- JSC International Limited, The Exchange, Station Parade, Harrogate, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Nigro
- Bayer CropScience, Recanto dos Passaros, Paulinia, SP, Brazil
| | - Allen Olmstead
- Bayer CropScience LP, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jay Overmyer
- Syngenta Crop Protection LLC, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel A Potter
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Nigel E Raine
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Cory Stanley-Stahr
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Helen Thompson
- Syngenta LTD, Jealott's Hill International Research Station, Bracknell, Berkshire, UK
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14
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Ramanaidu K, Cutler GC. Different toxic and hormetic responses of Bombus impatiens to Beauveria bassiana, Bacillus subtilis and spirotetramat. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2013; 69:949-954. [PMID: 23281229 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pollinator exposure to pesticides is a concern in agricultural systems that depend on pollinators for crop production. However, not all pesticides elicit toxic effects, and response to a pesticide will vary depending on dose and exposure route. The effects of biopesticide formulations of Bacillus subtilis and Beauveria bassiana and of the tetramic acid insecticide spirotetramat on the common eastern bumblebee, Bombus impatiens, were evaluated. Microcolonies of bees were exposed to field-rate or lower concentrations, and data were collected over 60 days. RESULTS When ingested, field rates of spirotetramat caused high mortality after 10 days, and B. subtilis significantly reduced drone production, number of days to oviposition and number of days to drone emergence. Converse to effects observed following ingestion, topical applications of B. subtilis at concentrations less than the recommended field rate resulted in a hormetic response, with significantly increased drone production. Topical application of spirotetramat and oral or topical application of B. bassiana had no effects on bees. CONCLUSIONS Spirotetramat and B. subtilis can induce adverse effects on B. impatiens, but hormetic effects following B. subtilis treatment can also occur, depending on exposure route. Additional experiments are required to determine whether similar toxic or hormetic effects occur under more realistic field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krilen Ramanaidu
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
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15
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Smagghe G, Deknopper J, Meeus I, Mommaerts V. Dietary chlorantraniliprole suppresses reproduction in worker bumblebees. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2013; 69:787-91. [PMID: 23564706 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pollinators such as the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, fulfil a crucial role in agriculture. In this context, tests were conducted with the insecticide chlorantraniliprole (Coragen®) as a model compound active on the ryanodine receptor of insects. RESULTS Chronic oral exposure via pollen induced lethargic behaviour in B. terrestris workers and their offspring (drones). Indeed, in nests exposed to 0.4 mg L(-1) , representing 1/100 of the concentration recommended for use in the field, workers and drones did not take their defensive position upon stimulation and they were less active than non-exposed insects. The different risk assessment tests used here demonstrated that contact and pollen exposure had no effect on bumblebee worker survival, whereas oral exposure via sugar water caused both acute (72 h LC50 = 13 mg L(-1) ) and chronic (7 week LC50 = 7 mg L(-1) ) toxicity. Severe sublethal effects on reproduction were recorded in nests orally exposed to pollen treated with chlorantraniliprole. CONCLUSION The present study identified an important physiological endpoint of sublethal effects on reproduction, as this is associated with lethargic behaviour after oral intake. As such, this is a factor that should now be incorporated into future risk assessments. Secondly, it confirmed that the assessment of sublethal effects on behaviour is needed for adequate risk assessment of 'potentially deleterious' compounds with a neurogenic target, as is also pointed out in the recent European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Smagghe
- Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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16
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Scientific Opinion on the science behind the development of a risk assessment of Plant Protection Products on bees (Apis mellifera,Bombusspp. and solitary bees). EFSA J 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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17
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Zhao JH, Wang ZC, Ji MH, Cheng JL, Zhu GN, Yu CM. Synthesis and bioactivity evaluation of novel spiromesifen derivatives. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2012; 68:10-15. [PMID: 21997953 DOI: 10.1002/ps.2248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of environmentally friendly and novel structural pesticides is now an area of intense research in the agriculture field. Spirocyclic tetronic acids such as spiromesifen are typical compounds of this kind. In order to discover novel compounds with improved and broader-spectrum insecticidal activities, a series of spiromesifen derivatives were synthesised and bioassayed. RESULTS The derivatives were identified by (1) H NMR and MS. Preliminary bioassays demonstrated that some bioactivities of compounds 5a to 5u were better and had a broader spectrum than the lead compound spiromesifen. Moreover, these compounds showed better insecticidal activities against Mythimna sepatara and Aphis fabae than acaricidal activities against Tetranychus cinnabari. Furthermore, LC(50) of 5s against Aphis fabae reached 1.09 mg L(-1) . At the same time, compounds 5g, 5i, 5k and 5r also warrant further study because of their superior bioactivities to spiromesifen. What is more, suitable carbon chain length in the 4-position ester and the log P value of these spiromesifen derivatives dramatically influenced their insecticidal activities. Butyric or pentanoic ester and a log P value of 4.0-6.0 may be preferred. CONCLUSION The present work demonstrates that some spiromesifen derivatives can be used as potential lead compounds for developing novel insecticides and acaricides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hao Zhao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Pesticide and Environment Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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18
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Maund SJ, Campbell PJ, Giddings JM, Hamer MJ, Henry K, Pilling ED, Warinton JS, Wheeler JR. Ecotoxicology of synthetic pyrethroids. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2011; 314:137-65. [PMID: 22025065 DOI: 10.1007/128_2011_260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter we review the ecotoxicology of the synthetic pyrethroids (SPs). SPs are potent, broad-spectrum insecticides. Their effects on a wide range of nontarget species have been broadly studied, and there is an extensive database available to evaluate their effects. SPs are highly toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates in the laboratory, but effects in the field are mitigated by rapid dissipation and degradation. Due to their highly lipophilic nature, SPs partition extensively into sediments. Recent studies have shown that toxicity in sediment can be predicted on the basis of equilibrium partitioning, and whilst other factors can influence this, organic carbon content is a key determining variable. At present for SPs, there is no clear evidence for adverse population-relevant effects with an underlying endocrine mode of action. SPs have been studied intensively in aquatic field studies, and their effects under field conditions are mitigated from those measured in the laboratory by their rapid dissipation and degradation. Studies with a range of test systems have shown consistent aquatic field endpoints across a variety of geographies and trophic states. SPs are also highly toxic to bees and other nontarget arthropods in the laboratory. These effects are mitigated in the field through repellency and dissipation of residues, and recovery from any adverse effects tends to be rapid.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Maund
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Basel, Switzerland.
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