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Gafni R, Nassar JA, Matzrafi M, Blank L, Eizenberg H. Unraveling the reasons for failure to control Amaranthus albus: insights into herbicide application at different growth stages, temperature effect, and herbicide resistance on a regional scale. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38809094 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigates factors contributing Amaranthus albus control failure in processing tomato fields in northern Israel. The study region is characterized by a significant climate gradient from east to west, providing the opportunity to investigate the effect of critical elements of the agricultural environment, e.g., temperature. Eight populations were collected from commercial fields in this region. Post-emergence herbicide efficacy of metribuzin, a photosystem II inhibitor, and rimsulfuron, an acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor, was assessed through dose-response analyses at various growth stages. Temperature effects on control efficacy and resistance mechanisms were also explored. RESULTS Standard metribuzin dose (X) was ineffective on A. albus plants with more than six true-leaves, whereas 2X dose proved effective. Rimsulfuron at 16X dose was ineffective on plants with more than four true-leaves. We report here the first case of target site resistance to ALS inhibitors in A. albus, due to point mutation in the ALS gene (Pro197 to Leu). Furthermore, our findings suggest potential involvement of CYT P450 enzymes in enhanced metabolizing of rimsulfuron. An overall decrease in dry weight was observed in response to both herbicides at 16/22 °C (P < 0.0001). Rimsulfuron was effective against only one population when applied at 28/34 °C. A possible fitness cost associated with target site-resistant biotypes was observed under low temperature conditions, leading to effective control. CONCLUSION This regional-scale study highlights the challenges faced by growers, emphasizes the need for adapting management practices to the local climatic conditions and lays the groundwork for implementing location-specific weed management strategies in commercial fields. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Gafni
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)-Volcani Institute, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Jackline Abu Nassar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)-Volcani Institute, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Maor Matzrafi
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)-Volcani Institute, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Lior Blank
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, ARO, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Hanan Eizenberg
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO)-Volcani Institute, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
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Patt JM, Makagon A, Norton B, Marvit M, Rutschman P, Neligeorge M, Salesin J. An optical system to detect, surveil, and kill flying insect vectors of human and crop pathogens. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8174. [PMID: 38589427 PMCID: PMC11002038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57804-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Sustainable and effective means to control flying insect vectors are critically needed, especially with widespread insecticide resistance and global climate change. Understanding and controlling vectors requires accurate information about their movement and activity, which is often lacking. The Photonic Fence (PF) is an optical system that uses machine vision, infrared light, and lasers to identify, track, and interdict vectors in flight. The PF examines an insect's outline, flight speed, and other flight parameters and if these match those of a targeted vector species, then a low-power, retina-safe laser kills it. We report on proof-of-concept tests of a large, field-sized PF (30 mL × 3 mH) conducted with Aedes aegypti, a mosquito that transmits dangerous arboviruses, and Diaphorina citri, a psyllid which transmits the fatal huanglongbing disease of citrus. In tests with the laser engaged, < 1% and 3% of A. aegypti and D. citri, respectfully, were recovered versus a 38% and 19% recovery when the lacer was silenced. The PF tracked, but did not intercept the orchid bee, Euglossa dilemma. The system effectively intercepted flying vectors, but not bees, at a distance of 30 m, heralding the use of photonic energy, rather than chemicals, to control flying vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Patt
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA.
| | - Arty Makagon
- Global Health Labs (Formerly Global Good Fund I, LLC), Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA
| | - Bryan Norton
- Global Health Labs (Formerly Global Good Fund I, LLC), Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA
| | - Maclen Marvit
- Global Health Labs (Formerly Global Good Fund I, LLC), Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA
| | - Phillip Rutschman
- Global Health Labs (Formerly Global Good Fund I, LLC), Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA
| | - Matt Neligeorge
- Global Health Labs (Formerly Global Good Fund I, LLC), Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA
| | - Jeremy Salesin
- Global Health Labs (Formerly Global Good Fund I, LLC), Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA
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3
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Crossley MS, Smith OM, Barman AK, Croy JR, Schmidt JM, Toews MD, Snyder WE. Warmer temperatures trigger insecticide-associated pest outbreaks. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1008-1015. [PMID: 37831545 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rising global temperatures are associated with emerging insect pests, reflecting earlier and longer insect activity, faster development, more generations per year and changing species' ranges. Insecticides are often the first tools available to manage these new threats. In the southeastern US, sweet potato whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) has recently become the major threat to vegetable production. We used data from a multi-year, regional whitefly monitoring network to search for climate, land use, and management correlates of whitefly activity. RESULTS Strikingly, whiteflies were detected earlier and grew more abundant in landscapes with greater insecticide use, but only when temperatures were also relatively warm. Whitefly outbreaks in hotter conditions were not associated with specific active ingredients used to suppress whiteflies, which would be consistent with a regional disruption of biocontrol following sprays for other pests. In addition, peak whitefly detections occurred earlier in areas with more vegetable production, but later with more cotton production, consistent with whiteflies moving among crops. CONCLUSION Altogether, our findings suggest possible links between warmer temperatures, more abundant pests, and frequent insecticide applications disrupting biological control, though this remains to be explicitly demonstrated. Climate-initiated pesticide treadmills of this type may become an increasingly common driver of emerging pest outbreaks as global change accelerates. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Crossley
- Department of Entomology and Wildlife Ecology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Olivia M Smith
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Apurba K Barman
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA
| | - Jordan R Croy
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jason M Schmidt
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA
| | - Michael D Toews
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA
| | - William E Snyder
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Li S, Nianogo RA, Lin Y, Wang H, Yu Y, Paul KC, Ritz B. Cost-effectiveness analysis of insecticide ban aimed at preventing Parkinson's disease in Central California. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168913. [PMID: 38042187 PMCID: PMC11121568 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study assessed whether banning specific insecticides to reduce the PD burden in three Central California (CA) counties is cost-effective. METHOD We applied a cost-effectiveness analysis using a cohort-based Markov model to estimate the impact and costs of banning seven insecticides that were previously associated with PD in these counties as well as mixture exposures to some of these pesticides. We relied for our estimations on the cohort of 65- and 66-year-olds living in these counties who were unaffected by PD at baseline in 2020 and projected their incidence, costs, and reduction in quality-adjusted-life-years (QALY) loss due to developing PD over a 20-year period. We included a shiny app for modeling different scenarios (https://sherlockli.shinyapps.io/pesticide_pd_economics_part_2/). RESULTS According to our scenarios, banning insecticides to reduce the occurrence of PD in three Central CA counties was cost-effective relative to not banning insecticides. In the worst-case scenario of exposure to a single pesticide, methomyl, versus none would result in an estimated 205 (95 % CI: 75, 348) additional PD cases or 12 % (95 % CI: 4 %, 20 %) increase in PD cases over a 20-year period based on residential proximity to pesticide applications. The increase in PD cases due to methomyl would increase health-related costs by $72.0 million (95 % CI: $5.5 million, $187.4 million). Each additional PD patient due to methomyl exposure would incur $109,327 (95 % CI, $5554, $347,757) in costs per QALY loss due to PD. Exposure to methomyl based on workplace proximity to pesticide applications generated similar estimates. The highest PD burden and associated costs would be incurred from exposure to multiple pesticides simultaneously. CONCLUSION Our study provides an assessment of the cost-effectiveness of banning specific insecticides to reduce PD burden in terms of health-related QALYs and related costs. This information may help policymakers and stakeholders to make decisions concerning the regulation of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwen Li
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roch A Nianogo
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuyuan Lin
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hanwen Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yu Yu
- Center for Health Policy Research, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kimberly C Paul
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Fiaboe KR, Fening KO, Gbewonyo WSK, Deshmukh S. Bionomic responses of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) to lethal and sublethal concentrations of selected insecticides. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290390. [PMID: 37967118 PMCID: PMC10650980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 2016, the invasive insect Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from the Americas has made maize production unattainable without pesticides in parts of Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. To counteract this pest, farmers often resort to the use hazardous pesticides. This study aimed to investigate botanicals, microbials, and semi-synthetic insecticides in Ghana for pest control without harming local ecosystems. Under laboratory and on-station conditions, the present study evaluated the acute and sublethal responses of S. frugiperda to: (i) Pieris rapae Granulovirus (PrGV) + Bacillus thuringiensis sub sp. kurstaki (Btk) 5 WP, (ii) Btk + monosultap 55 WP, (iii) ethyl palmitate 5 SC, (iv) azadirachtin 0.3 SC, (v) acetamiprid (20 g/l) + λ-cyhalothrin (15 g/l) 35 EC, (vi) acetamiprid (30 g/l) + indoxacarb (16 g/l) 46 EC, and (vii) emamectin benzoate 1.9 EC. The results showed that at 96 hours post-exposure emamectin benzoate-based formulation has the highest acute larvicidal effect with lower LC50 values of 0.019 mL/L. However, the results suggested strong sublethal effects of PrGV + Btk, azadirachtin, and ethyl palmitate on the bionomics of S. frugiperda. Two seasons on-station experiments, showed that the semi-synthetic emamectin benzoate and the bioinsecticide PrGV + Btk are good candidates for managing S. frugiperda. The promising efficacy of emamectin benzoate and PrGV + Btk on the bionomics of S. frugiperda in the laboratory and on-station demonstrated that they are viable options for managing this pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kokou Rodrigue Fiaboe
- African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science (ARPPIS), School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Soil and Irrigation Research Centre (SIREC), School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ken Okwae Fening
- African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science (ARPPIS), School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Soil and Irrigation Research Centre (SIREC), School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Winfred Seth Kofi Gbewonyo
- African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science (ARPPIS), School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biological Science, College of Basic and Applied Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Sharanabasappa Deshmukh
- Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Keladi Shivappa Nayak University of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences (UAHS), Shivamogga, Karnataka, India
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Huisamen E, Bosua HJ, Karsten M, Terblanche JS. Sub-lethal effects of spinetoram application interacts with temperature in complex ways to influence respiratory metabolism, life history and macronutrient composition in false codling moth (Thaumatotibia leucotreta). JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 145:104490. [PMID: 36773842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2023.104490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In many pests, insecticide efficacy is dependent on environmental conditions, including ambient temperature. However, it remains unknown if thermal history alters sub-lethal effects to potentially enhance or reduce pesticide resistance in the false codling moth (FCM), Thaumatotibia leucotreta. Here, using FCM, a pest of economic importance in South Africa infesting several commercial food crops, we report results of sub-lethal exposure to spinetoram, an insecticide that disrupts the nervous system. We investigate whether insecticide efficacy is temperature dependent or perhaps interacts with thermal history by testing the effect of a combination of a sub-lethal dose of spinetoram (4 mg/100 ml) and developmental temperature acclimation (22˚C and 28˚C, i.e., a few degrees above or below optimal development temperatures) on the metabolic rate, life history traits and body composition of FCM in the laboratory. A sub-lethal dose of spinetoram reduced metabolic rate of FCM pupae significantly, led to smaller pupal mass and decreased emergence rates. Additionally, males acclimated at 28 °C had a significantly higher emergence rate compared to males acclimated at 22 °C. Body water, body lipids and body protein reserves of adult FCM tended to be higher in the insecticide treatment compared to the control in the 22 °C acclimation group. In the 28 °C acclimation group, body water, lipids and proteins were lower in the insecticide treatment versus the control. Furthermore, sex influenced both emergence rate and body composition with the direction of change depending on insecticide and temperature treatments. Overall, a sub-lethal dose of spinetoram negatively affects body composition and life history traits but interacts with temperature in complex ways. Therefore, both lethal and sub-lethal effects of spinetoram on FCM, in combination with information on the thermal environment experienced by the pest, should be taken into consideration when pest control decisions are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Huisamen
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
| | - Henrika J Bosua
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
| | - Minette Karsten
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
| | - John S Terblanche
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa.
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Žaltauskaitė J, Dikšaitytė A, Miškelytė D, Kacienė G, Sujetovienė G, Januškaitienė I, Juknys R. Effects of elevated CO2 concentration and temperature on the mixed-culture grown wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) response to auxin herbicide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:13711-13725. [PMID: 36136189 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23134-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recently, there has been growing concern over the potential impact of CO2 concentration and temperature on herbicide efficacy. The aim of the study was to examine the influence of single elevated CO2 (400 vs. 800 ppm) and elevated CO2 in combination with temperature (21 °C vs. 25 °C) on the effects of auxin herbicide 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) (0.5-2 × field recommended rate) to wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) grown in mixed-culture with spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). MCPA had a detrimental effect on aboveground and belowground biomass, content of chlorophylls, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and induced oxidative stress. The significant decline in photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and transpiration with MCPA dose was detected. Elevated CO2 reinforced MCPA efficacy on S. arvensis: sharper decline in biomass, photosynthetic rate and antioxidant enzymes and more pronounced lipid peroxidation were detected. Under elevated CO2 and temperature, MCPA efficacy to control S. arvensis dropped due to herbicide dilution because of increased root:shoot ratio, higher activity of antioxidants and less pronounced oxidative damage. Reinforced MCPA impact on weeds under elevated CO2 resulted in higher H. vulgare biomass, while decreased MCPA efficacy under elevated CO2 and temperature reduced H. vulgare biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jūratė Žaltauskaitė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto 10-307, Akademija, 53361, Kaunas District, Lithuania.
| | - Austra Dikšaitytė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto 10-307, Akademija, 53361, Kaunas District, Lithuania
| | - Diana Miškelytė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto 10-307, Akademija, 53361, Kaunas District, Lithuania
| | - Giedrė Kacienė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto 10-307, Akademija, 53361, Kaunas District, Lithuania
| | - Gintarė Sujetovienė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto 10-307, Akademija, 53361, Kaunas District, Lithuania
| | - Irena Januškaitienė
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto 10-307, Akademija, 53361, Kaunas District, Lithuania
| | - Romualdas Juknys
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto 10-307, Akademija, 53361, Kaunas District, Lithuania
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Bueno EM, McIlhenny CL, Chen YH. Cross-protection interactions in insect pests: Implications for pest management in a changing climate. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:9-20. [PMID: 36127854 PMCID: PMC10092685 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural insect pests display an exceptional ability to adapt quickly to natural and anthropogenic stressors. Emerging evidence suggests that frequent and varied sources of stress play an important role in driving protective physiological responses; therefore, intensively managed agroecosystems combined with climatic shifts might be an ideal crucible for stress adaptation. Cross-protection, where responses to one stressor offers protection against another type of stressor, has been well documented in many insect species, yet the molecular and epigenetic underpinnings that drive overlapping protective responses in insect pests remain unclear. In this perspective, we discuss cross-protection mechanisms and provide an argument for its potential role in increasing tolerance to a wide range of natural and anthropogenic stressors in agricultural insect pests. By drawing from existing literature on single and multiple stressor studies, we outline the processes that facilitate cross-protective interactions, including epigenetic modifications, which are understudied in insect stress responses. Finally, we discuss the implications of cross-protection for insect pest management, focusing on the consequences of cross-protection between insecticides and elevated temperatures associated with climate change. Given the multiple ways that insect pests are intensively managed in agroecosystems, we suggest that examining the role of multiple stressors can be important in understanding the wide adaptability of agricultural insect pests. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika M. Bueno
- Department of Plant and Soil ScienceUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVTUSA
| | - Casey L. McIlhenny
- Department of Plant and Soil ScienceUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVTUSA
| | - Yolanda H. Chen
- Department of Plant and Soil ScienceUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVTUSA
- Gund Institute for EnvironmentUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVTUSA
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Lu Z, Sun Z, Li Y, Hao R, Chen Y, Chen B, Qin X, Tao X, Gui F. Effects of Elevated CO 2 Concentration on Host Adaptability and Chlorantraniliprole Susceptibility in Spodoptera frugiperda. INSECTS 2022; 13:1029. [PMID: 36354853 PMCID: PMC9699368 DOI: 10.3390/insects13111029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations (eCO2) can affect both herbivorous insects and their host plants. The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda, is a highly polyphagous agricultural pest that may attack more than 350 host plant species and has developed resistance to both conventional and novel-action insecticides. However, the effects of eCO2 on host adaptability and insecticide resistance of FAW are unclear. We hypothesized that eCO2 might affect insecticide resistance of FAW by affecting its host plants. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the effect of eCO2 on (1) FAW's susceptibility to chlorantraniliprole after feeding on wheat, (2) FAW's population performance traits (including the growth and reproduction), and (3) changes in gene expression in the FAW by transcriptome sequencing. The toxicity of chlorantraniliprole against the FAW under eCO2 (800 µL/L) stress showed that the LC50 values were 2.40, 2.06, and 1.46 times the values at the ambient CO2 concentration (400 µL/L, aCO2) for the three generations, respectively. Under eCO2, the life span of pupae and adults and the total number of generations were significantly shorter than the FAW under aCO2. Compared to the aCO2 treatment, the weights of the 3rd and 4th instar larvae and pupae of FAW under eCO2 were significantly heavier. Transcriptome sequencing results showed that more than 79 detoxification enzyme genes in FAW were upregulated under eCO2 treatment, including 40 P450, 5 CarE, 17 ABC, and 7 UGT genes. Our results showed that eCO2 increased the population performance of FAW on wheat and reduced its susceptibility to chlorantraniliprole by inducing the expression of detoxification enzyme genes. This study has important implications for assessing the damage of FAW in the future under the environment of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zhongxiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yahong Li
- Yunnan Plant Protection and Quarantine Station, Kunming 650034, China
| | - Ruoshi Hao
- Yunnan Plateau Characteristic Agriculture Industry Research Institute, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yaping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xiaoping Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Xuan Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Furong Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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Ding C, Xia Y, Su Y, Li F, Xiong C, Xu J. Study on the Impact of Climate Change on China's Import Trade of Major Agricultural Products and Adaptation Strategies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14374. [PMID: 36361268 PMCID: PMC9653581 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With global warming, China's agricultural products are facing severe production conditions and a complex international trade situation. In order to clarify the relationship between climate change and China's agricultural trade, this paper uses the GTAP model to explore the impact of climate change on China's agricultural trade from the perspectives of agricultural production and supply, energy substitution and trade policy. The results show that: (1) From the overall effect, the production supply risk and energy substitution risk caused by climate change have a positive impact on China's import trade, among which the energy substitution risk has brought about an import trade growth of 38.050%, the production supply risk has brought about an import trade growth of 12.635%, and the trade policy risk has a negative impact, bringing about an import trade decline of 12.589%. (2) Under the impact of production and supply risks caused by climate change, the import volume of different industrial sectors has increased by varying degrees, including livestock products (16.521%) > food crops (14.162%) > cash crops (7.220%). The increase in import trade mainly comes from the United States (10.731%), Canada (10.650%) and Australia (9.455%). (3) Under the impact of energy substitution risk caused by climate change, the increase in import trade was concentrated in food crops (48.144%) and livestock products (42.834%), mainly from the United States (57.098%), the European Union (55.014%) and Canada (53.508%). (4) Under the impact of trade policy risks caused by climate change, the import trade of different industrial sectors showed a downward trend, with cash crops (13.039%) > livestock products (12.588%) > cash crops (12.140%). The countries and regions with significant decline in import trade were ASEAN (-46.131%) and the United States (-28.028%). The trade deficit shifted to surplus, and the terms of trade were improved. Therefore, this paper suggests that we should deal with the impact of climate change on agricultural trade by developing "climate smart" agriculture, actively responding to low-carbon trade measures, and establishing an agricultural trade promotion mechanism to address the risk of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Ding
- College of Economics and Management, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Yong Xia
- College of Economics and Management, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Yang Su
- College of Economics and Management, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Business Administration, Xinjiang University of Finance & Economics, Urumqi 830012, China
| | - Changjiang Xiong
- Institute of Finance and Economics, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, No. 777, Guoding Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- College of Economics and Management, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
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Pollinator biological traits and ecological interactions mediate the impacts of mosquito-targeting malathion application. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17039. [PMID: 36220841 PMCID: PMC9554017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mosquito adulticides are perceived by the public as detrimental to nontarget arthropods, contributing to declines of native and beneficial insects. However, the actual impact of adulticides on nontarget arthropods in nature needs to incorporate biological and ecological elements. Here, we investigated the effect of biological/behavioral traits (butterfly roosting at different heights, roosting in sites underneath foliage, bumblebee hive usage) and interactions (parasitism, predation) of pollinators (butterflies and bumblebees) that could mediate the impacts of malathion application in manipulative semi-field experiments in Florida, USA. Roosting height from the spray route had a significant negative relationship with mortality of butterflies treated with ULV malathion, with high survival at the highest roosting height (7 m), but butterflies roosting among vegetation did not have higher survival. Bumblebees with hive access had significantly higher survival than bumblebees without hive access. Host plants treated with ULV malathion significantly reduced parasitism of monarch eggs by Trichogramma platneri, but increased predation of monarch caterpillars by Polistes paper wasps. These data provide insight into the realistic impacts of adulticide applications on pollinators in nature which will enable mosquito control districts to better limit nontarget effects of adulticide treatments and may help to address concerns related to potential nontarget effects.
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12
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Maynard LD, Moureau E, Bader MY, Salazar D, Zotz G, Whitehead SR. Effects of climate change on plant resource allocation and herbivore interactions in a Neotropical rainforest shrub. Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren D. Maynard
- Department of Biological Sciences Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia USA
| | - Elodie Moureau
- Faculty of Geography University of Marburg Marburg Germany
| | | | - Diego Salazar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environment Florida International University Miami Florida USA
| | - Gerhard Zotz
- Institute for Biology and Environmental Sciences Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg Oldenburg Germany
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13
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Perrin M, Moiroux J, Maugin S, Olivares J, Rault M, Siegwart M. Cross effects of heat stress and three insecticides on the survival of the codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.): Investigating the molecular and biochemical mechanisms. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 185:105139. [PMID: 35772842 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As temperature is expected to strongly increase in the future, understanding temperature-mediated toxicity of insecticides is determinant to assess pest management efficiency in a warming world. Investigating molecular and biochemical mechanisms associated with cross mechanisms of temperature and insecticides on pests' tolerance would also be useful in this context. This study aimed to investigate cross effects between temperature and insecticides on the survival of a major pest, the codling moth Cydia pomonella, and their underlying mechanisms. The effect of three insecticidal active ingredients, i.e. chlorantraniliprole, emamectin and spinosad, was assessed at different temperatures on: (i) C. pomonella larval survival; (ii) detoxification enzymes activities (cytochrome P450 multi-function oxygenases, carboxylesterases and glutathione S-transferases) and (iii) genes expression of some detoxification enzymes, heat shock proteins and receptors targeted by the insecticides. We observed a decreased efficiency of emamectin and spinosad at high temperature to control the codling moth while no influence of temperature on chlorantraniliprole efficacy was observed. Detoxification enzymes activities were improved by heat stress alone but not by double stress (temperature + insecticides). Moreover, two detoxification genes (Cyp9A61 and Gst1) were over-expressed by a single stress but not by two stresses while Hsp70 and Cyp6B2 genes may be involved in tolerance to two stresses in C. pomonella. These results confirmed the cross effects of temperature and insecticides on C. pomonella for emamectin and spinosad and provided clues to understand how temperature affects the susceptibility of C. pomonella to insecticides. They illustrate however the complexity of molecular and biochemical responses of individuals facing multiple stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Perrin
- Avignon University, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Pole Agrosciences, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 21239, 84916 Avignon, France; INRAE, Unité PSH, Equipe Controle Biologique par Conservation, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9,France.
| | - Joffrey Moiroux
- Avignon University, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Pole Agrosciences, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 21239, 84916 Avignon, France
| | - Sandrine Maugin
- INRAE, Unité PSH, Equipe Controle Biologique par Conservation, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9,France
| | - Jérôme Olivares
- INRAE, Unité PSH, Equipe Controle Biologique par Conservation, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9,France
| | - Magali Rault
- Avignon University, Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Pole Agrosciences, 301 rue Baruch de Spinoza, BP 21239, 84916 Avignon, France
| | - Myriam Siegwart
- INRAE, Unité PSH, Equipe Controle Biologique par Conservation, Site Agroparc, 84914 Avignon Cedex 9,France
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14
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Thia JA, Cheng X, Maino J, Umina PA, Hoffmann AA. Warmer temperatures reduce chemical tolerance in the redlegged earth mite (Halotydeus destructor), an invasive winter-active pest. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:3071-3079. [PMID: 35437918 PMCID: PMC9325430 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantifying how chemical tolerance of pest arthropods varies with temperature is important for understanding the outcomes of chemical control, for measuring and monitoring resistance, and for predicting how pesticide resistance will evolve under future climate change. We studied the redlegged earth mite, Halotydeus destructor (Tucker), a winter-active invasive agricultural pest in Australia. Using a replicated block experiment, we tested the effect of different thermal conditions on the expression of chemical tolerance to a pyrethroid and two organophosphates. Our chemical bioassays were conducted on two redlegged earth mite populations: one possessed organophosphate resistance, whilst the other was susceptible to pesticides. Mites were first acclimated at cool (4 °C) and warm (14 °C) conditions and then exposed to pesticides in both cool (11 °C) and warm (18 °C) test conditions. RESULTS Warm test conditions generally reduced chemical tolerance to all pesticides relative to cool test conditions. Median lethal dose (LD50 ) values of mites tested under cool conditions were 1.12-3.57-fold greater than of mites tested under warm conditions. Acclimation had a variable and small impact on chemical responses. Thermal factors (ratio between test temperatures) were similar between populations for each active ingredient. Despite reduced chemical tolerances under warm test conditions for individual mite populations, resistance factors (ratio between resistant and susceptible mite populations) were relatively consistent. CONCLUSION Our data provides context for prior theoretical work demonstrating climatically constrained pesticide resistances in Australian redlegged earth mites. Estimates of temperature dependent toxicity measured in this study may be useful in parameterizing models of redlegged earth mite control under an increasingly warm and more variable climate. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Thia
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
| | - Xuan Cheng
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
| | | | - Paul A Umina
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
- Cesar AustraliaBrunswickAustralia
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- Bio21 Institute, School of BioSciencesUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
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15
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Galanis A, Vardakas P, Reczko M, Harokopos V, Hatzis P, Skoulakis EMC, Pavlopoulos GA, Patalano S. Bee foraging preferences, microbiota and pathogens revealed by direct shotgun metagenomics of honey. Mol Ecol Resour 2022; 22:2506-2523. [PMID: 35593171 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Honeybees (Apis mellifera) continue to succumb to human and environmental pressures despite their crucial role in providing essential ecosystem services. Owing to their foraging and honey production activities, honeybees form complex relationships with species across all domains, such as plants, viruses, bacteria and other hive pests, making honey a valuable biomonitoring tool for assessing their ecological niche. Thus, the application of honey shotgun metagenomics (SM) has paved the way for a detailed description of the species honeybees interact with. Nevertheless, SM bioinformatics tools and DNA extraction methods rely on resources not necessarily optimized for honey. In this study, we compared five widely used taxonomic classifiers using simulated species communities commonly found in honey. We found that Kraken 2 with a threshold of 0.5 performs best in assessing species distribution. We also optimized a simple NaOH-based honey DNA extraction methodology (Direct-SM), which profiled species seasonal variability similarly to an established column-based DNA extraction approach (SM). Both approaches produce results consistent with melissopalinology analysis describing the botanical landscape surrounding the apiary. Interestingly, we detected a strong stability of the bacteria constituting the core and noncore gut microbiome across seasons, pointing to the potential utility of honey for noninvasive assessment of bee microbiota. Finally, the Direct-SM approach to detect Varroa correlates well with the biomonitoring of mite infestation observed in hives. These observations suggest that Direct-SM methodology has the potential to comprehensively describe honeybee ecological niches and can be tested as a building block for large-scale studies to assess bee health in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Galanis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research (IFBR), BSRC 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece.,Division of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Philippos Vardakas
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research (IFBR), BSRC 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece.,Department of Apiculture, Institute of Animal Science, Nea Moudania, Greece
| | - Martin Reczko
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research (IFBR), BSRC 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece
| | - Vaggelis Harokopos
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research (IFBR), BSRC 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece
| | - Pantelis Hatzis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research (IFBR), BSRC 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece
| | - Efthimios M C Skoulakis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research (IFBR), BSRC 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece
| | - Georgios A Pavlopoulos
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research (IFBR), BSRC 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece
| | - Solenn Patalano
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research (IFBR), BSRC 'Alexander Fleming', Vari, Greece
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16
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Agyekum TP, Arko-Mensah J, Botwe PK, Hogarh JN, Issah I, Dadzie SK, Dwomoh D, Billah MK, Robins T, Fobil JN. Relationship between temperature and Anopheles gambiae sensu lato mosquitoes' susceptibility to pyrethroids and expression of metabolic enzymes. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:163. [PMID: 35527275 PMCID: PMC9080126 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05273-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria remains one of the most devastating diseases globally, and the control of mosquitoes as the vector is mainly dependent on chemical insecticides. Elevated temperatures associated with future warmer climates could affect mosquitoes' metabolic enzyme expression and increase insecticide resistance, making vector control difficult. Understanding how mosquito rearing temperatures influence their susceptibility to insecticide and expression of metabolic enzymes could aid in the development of novel tools and strategies to control mosquitoes in a future warmer climate. This study evaluated the effects of temperature on the susceptibility of Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) mosquitoes to pyrethroids and their expression of metabolic enzymes. Methods Anopheles gambiae s.l. eggs obtained from laboratory-established colonies were reared under eight temperature regimes (25, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, and 40 °C). Upon adult emergence, 3- to 5-day-old female non-blood-fed mosquitoes were used for susceptibility tests following the World Health Organization (WHO) bioassay protocol. Batches of 20–25 mosquitoes from each temperature regime (25–34 °C) were exposed to two pyrethroid insecticides (0.75% permethrin and 0.05% deltamethrin). In addition, the levels of four metabolic enzymes (α-esterase, β-esterase, glutathione S-transferase [GST], and mixed-function oxidase [MFO]) were examined in mosquitoes that were not exposed and those that were exposed to pyrethroids. Results Mortality in An. gambiae s.l. mosquitoes exposed to deltamethrin and permethrin decreased at temperatures above 28 °C. In addition, mosquitoes reared at higher temperatures were more resistant and had more elevated enzyme levels than those raised at low temperatures. Overall, mosquitoes that survived after being exposed to pyrethroids had higher levels of metabolic enzymes than those that were not exposed to pyrethroids. Conclusions This study provides evidence that elevated temperatures decreased An. gambiae s.l. mosquitoes' susceptibility to pyrethroids and increased the expression of metabolic enzymes. This evidence suggests that elevated temperatures projected in a future warmer climate could increase mosquitoes' resistance to insecticides and complicate malaria vector control measures. This study therefore provides vital information, and suggests useful areas of future research, on the effects of temperature variability on mosquitoes that could guide vector control measures in a future warmer climate. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05273-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Peprah Agyekum
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P.O. Box L.G. 13, Accra, Ghana.
| | - John Arko-Mensah
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P.O. Box L.G. 13, Accra, Ghana
| | - Paul Kingsley Botwe
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P.O. Box L.G. 13, Accra, Ghana
| | - Jonathan Nartey Hogarh
- Department of Environmental Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Ibrahim Issah
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P.O. Box L.G. 13, Accra, Ghana
| | - Samuel Kweku Dadzie
- Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Accra, Ghana
| | - Duah Dwomoh
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Maxwell Kelvin Billah
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science, University of Ghana, P.O. Box L.G. 67, Accra, Ghana
| | - Thomas Robins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Julius Najah Fobil
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, P.O. Box L.G. 13, Accra, Ghana
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17
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Alidu AF, Man N, Ramli NN, Mohd Haris NB, Alhassan A. Smallholder Farmers Access to Climate Information and Climate Smart Adaptation Practices in the Northern Region of Ghana. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09513. [PMID: 35637664 PMCID: PMC9142845 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In Ghana over 70% of people who are employed in the agricultural sector are smallholder farmers' living in less developed communities engaging in rudimentary agriculture. Climate change poses a serious threat to smallholder farmers which impacts on their income, food security and wellbeing. Climate information could be a vital resort for smallholder farmers' adoption of climate smart adaptation strategies in order to better manage climate risk. This study is aimed at investigating factors that influence smallholder farmers' joint decision to access climate information as well as adopt climate smart adaptation practices in the Northern Region. Data used was collected from a cross-sectional survey of 475 smallholder farmers'. The joint decision of smallholder farmers to access climate information and also adopt climate smart adaptation practices was analysed by using bivariate probit regression model. The econometric estimates reveal that age, household size, farm income, access to agricultural extension services and assets are the key drivers of smallholder farmers joint decision to access climate information and adopt climate smart adaption practices. Government, district assemblies and non governmental organisations supporting smallholder farmers’ adoption of climate smart adaptation strategies in order to overcome climate risk should also assist in the accessibility of climate information since they complement one another. Smallholder farmers literacy and knowledge level should be increased through non-formal and informal educational programmes, and extension education using the farmer-field schools method.
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18
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Ziska LH. Climate, Carbon Dioxide, and Plant-Based Aero-Allergens: A Deeper Botanical Perspective. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 2:714724. [PMID: 35386997 PMCID: PMC8974748 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.714724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
There is global evidence of a general increase in the incidence and prevalence of respiratory diseases including allergic rhinitis and associated asthma. This increase in turn, has been related, in part, to concurrent increases in carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature on pollen production and allergic disease generated from plant-based sources of pollen. Such links to anthropogenic climate change has suggested three significant and interrelated consequences associated with respiratory allergies or disease. First, warmer temperatures and a longer frost-free growing season can influence pollen season length and temporal exposure to airborne aeroallergens. Second, both warmer temperatures and additional CO2 can increase the amount of pollen, the seasonal intensity, from spring through fall. Thirdly, there is evidence from oak and ragweed that rising levels of CO2 could increase the allergen concentration of the pollen and symptom severity. However, while these outcomes are of obvious consequence, they do not fully encompass all of the plant derived changes that could, directly or indirectly, influence aeroallergen production, exposure, and consequences for public health. In this overview, I will delve deeper into other plant-based links to climate/CO2 that are consequential either directly or indirectly to allergic rhinitis and associated disease. Such interactions range from pollen morphology to fire occurrence, from volatile organic compounds to potential changes in pesticide usage. The goal in doing so is to provide a broader context and appreciation for the interactions between plant biology and climate that can also affect allergen production and human impact but which, to date, have received little recognition or research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis H Ziska
- Associate Professor, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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19
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Mohammad VH, Osborne CP, Freckleton RP. Drought exposure leads to rapid acquisition and inheritance of herbicide resistance in the weed
Alopecurus myosuroides. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8563. [PMID: 35222951 PMCID: PMC8848470 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, herbicide resistance in weeds poses a threat to food security. Resistance evolves rapidly through the co‐option of a suite of physiological mechanisms that evolved to allow plants to survive environmental stress. Consequently, we hypothesize that stress tolerance and herbicide resistance are functionally linked. We address two questions: (i) does exposure to stress in a parental generation promote the evolution of resistance in the offspring? (ii) Is such evolution mediated through non‐genetic mechanisms? We exposed individuals of a grass weed to drought, and tested whether this resulted in herbicide resistance in the first generation. In terms of both survival and dry mass, we find enhanced resistance to herbicide in the offspring of parents that had been exposed to drought. Our results suggest that exposure of weeds to drought can confer herbicide resistance in subsequent generations, and that the mechanism conferring heritability of herbicide resistance is non‐genetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vian H. Mohammad
- Department of Animal & Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Colin P. Osborne
- Department of Animal & Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
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20
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Lach L. Invasive ant establishment, spread, and management with changing climate. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 47:119-124. [PMID: 34252591 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ant invasions and climate change both pose globally widespread threats to the environment and economy. I highlight our current knowledge of how climate change will affect invasive ant distributions, population growth, spread, impact, and invasive ant management. Invasive ants often have traits that enable rapid colony growth in a range of habitats. Consequently, many invasive ant species will continue to have large global distributions as environmental conditions change. Distributions and impacts at community scales will depend on how resident ant communities respond to local abiotic conditions as well as availability of plant-based carbohydrate resources. Though target species may change under an altered climate, invasive ant impacts are unlikely to diminish, and novel control methods will be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori Lach
- James Cook University, College of Science and Engineering, PO Box 6811, Cairns, 4870 Australia.
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21
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Gideon J, Mulligan J, Hui C, Cheng SY. UV and temperature effects on chloroacetanilide and triazine herbicides degradation and cytotoxicity. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08010. [PMID: 34589629 PMCID: PMC8461356 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the stability and toxicity of the herbicides and their degradation byproduct after exposure to different environmental factors. Triazines (atrazine, propazine, simazine) and chloroacetanilides (acetochlor, alachlor, metolachlor) which are commonly used herbicides were evaluated for cytotoxicity in different UV (254 nm and 365 nm) and temperature (4 °C, 23 °C, and 40 °C) conditions as well as degradation rates. Atrazine with the highest LD50 (4.23 μg mL-1) was less toxic than the other tested triazine herbicides Chloroacetanilides tested were more toxic than tested triazines, with LD50 0.08-1.42 μg mL-1 vs 1.44-4.23 μg mL-1, respectively. Alachlor with LD50 0.08 μg mL-1 showed the strongest toxic response as compared with other tested herbicides. Temperatures only did not alter cytotoxicity of the tested herbicides, except for acetochlor and alachlor showing about 45 % more cell death after exposure to 40 °C for 2 h. At all 3 tested temperatures, 2 h of UV treatments did not affect cytotoxic effects of the tested herbicides, except for acetochlor and alachlor. At 4 °C, acetochlor toxicity was attenuated about 63 % after UV 365 nm exposure; but alachlor toxicity was enhanced after either UV 254 or 365 nm exposure for about 40 % and 24 %, respectively. At 23 °C, acetochlor toxicity was enhanced about 35 % after UV 254 nm exposure, but attenuated about 48 % after UV 365 nm exposure. Alachlor toxicity was enhanced about 34 % after UV 254 nm and 23 °C exposure. In combination of UV 254 nm and 40 °C, acetochlor toxicity was lowered by 63 % and alachlor toxicity was no change as compared with 4 °C, no UV group. After co-treatment with UV 365 nm and 40 °C both acetochlor and alachlor toxicity was enhanced 55 % and 80 %, respectively. Through degradation analysis by LC-MS/MS, alachlor showed the most dramatic degradation (only 0.58 %-10.58 % remaining) after heat and UV treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christina Hui
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, The City University of New York, New York, NY, 10019, USA
| | - Shu-Yuan Cheng
- Department of Sciences, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, The City University of New York, New York, NY, 10019, USA
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Corresponding author.
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22
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Agyekum TP, Botwe PK, Arko-Mensah J, Issah I, Acquah AA, Hogarh JN, Dwomoh D, Robins TG, Fobil JN. A Systematic Review of the Effects of Temperature on Anopheles Mosquito Development and Survival: Implications for Malaria Control in a Future Warmer Climate. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147255. [PMID: 34299706 PMCID: PMC8306597 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The rearing temperature of the immature stages can have a significant impact on the life-history traits and the ability of adult mosquitoes to transmit diseases. This review assessed published evidence of the effects of temperature on the immature stages, life-history traits, insecticide susceptibility, and expression of enzymes in the adult Anopheles mosquito. Original articles published through 31 March 2021 were systematically retrieved from Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, ProQuest, and Web of Science databases. After applying eligibility criteria, 29 studies were included. The review revealed that immature stages of An. arabiensis were more tolerant (in terms of survival) to a higher temperature than An. funestus and An. quadriannulatus. Higher temperatures resulted in smaller larval sizes and decreased hatching and pupation time. The development rate and survival of An. stephensi was significantly reduced at a higher temperature than a lower temperature. Increasing temperatures decreased the longevity, body size, length of the gonotrophic cycle, and fecundity of Anopheles mosquitoes. Higher rearing temperatures increased pyrethroid resistance in adults of the An. arabiensis SENN DDT strain, and increased pyrethroid tolerance in the An. arabiensis SENN strain. Increasing temperature also significantly increased Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) expression and decreased insecticide toxicity. Both extreme low and high temperatures affect Anopheles mosquito development and survival. Climate change could have diverse effects on Anopheles mosquitoes. The sensitivities of Anopeheles mosquitoes to temperature differ from species to species, even among the same complex. Notwithstanding, there seem to be limited studies on the effects of temperature on adult life-history traits of Anopheles mosquitoes, and more studies are needed to clarify this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P. Agyekum
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana; (P.K.B.); (J.A.-M.); (I.I.); (A.A.A.); (J.N.F.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Paul K. Botwe
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana; (P.K.B.); (J.A.-M.); (I.I.); (A.A.A.); (J.N.F.)
| | - John Arko-Mensah
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana; (P.K.B.); (J.A.-M.); (I.I.); (A.A.A.); (J.N.F.)
| | - Ibrahim Issah
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana; (P.K.B.); (J.A.-M.); (I.I.); (A.A.A.); (J.N.F.)
| | - Augustine A. Acquah
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana; (P.K.B.); (J.A.-M.); (I.I.); (A.A.A.); (J.N.F.)
| | - Jonathan N. Hogarh
- Department of Environmental Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi 00233, Ghana;
| | - Duah Dwomoh
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana;
| | - Thomas G. Robins
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Julius N. Fobil
- Department of Biological, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra 00233, Ghana; (P.K.B.); (J.A.-M.); (I.I.); (A.A.A.); (J.N.F.)
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Wang CJ, Wang R, Yu CM, Dang XP, Sun WG, Li QF, Wang XT, Wan JZ. Risk assessment of insect pest expansion in alpine ecosystems under climate change. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:3165-3178. [PMID: 33656253 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth in insect pest populations poses a significant threat to ecosystem functions and services, societal development, and food security in alpine regions under climate change. Risk assessments are important prioritization tools for pest management, which must be used to study insect pest expansion in alpine ecosystems under global warming. We used species distribution modeling to simulate the current and future distribution probabilities of 58 insect pest species in the Qinghai Province, China, based on a comprehensive field investigation. Subsequently, general linear modeling was used to explore the relationship between the distribution probability of these species and the damage caused by them. Finally, we assessed the ecological risk of insect pest expansion across different alpine ecosystems under climate change. RESULTS Climate change could increase the distribution probabilities of insect pest species across different alpine ecosystems. However, the presence of insect pest species may not correspond to the damage occurrence in alpine ecosystems based on percent leaf loss, amount of stunting, and seedling death of their host species. Significant positive relationships between distribution probability and damage occurrence were found for several of the examined insect pest species. Insect pest expansion is likely to increase extensively in alpine ecosystems under increasing carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emission scenarios. CONCLUSION The relationships between distribution probability and damage occurrence should be considered in species distribution modeling for risk assessment of insect pest expansion under climate change. Our study could improve the effectiveness of risk assessment of insect pest expansion under changing climate conditions. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Forestry and Grassland Planning Institute of Qinghai Province, Forestry and Grassland Administration of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Chun-Mei Yu
- Forest Pest Control and Quarantine Station of Qinghai Province, Forestry and Grassland Administration of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Dang
- Forestry and Grassland Planning Institute of Qinghai Province, Forestry and Grassland Administration of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Wan-Gui Sun
- Forest Pest Control and Quarantine Station of Qinghai Province, Forestry and Grassland Administration of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Qiang-Feng Li
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Wang
- Forest Pest Control and Quarantine Station of Qinghai Province, Forestry and Grassland Administration of Qinghai Province, Xining, China
| | - Ji-Zhong Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining, China
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Engell Dahl J, Marti SL, Colinet H, Wiegand C, Holmstrup M, Renault D. Thermal plasticity and sensitivity to insecticides in populations of an invasive beetle: Cyfluthrin increases vulnerability to extreme temperature. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129905. [PMID: 33979910 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change increases average temperatures and the occurrence of extreme weather events, in turn accentuating the risk of organism exposure to temperature stress. When thermal conditions become stressful, the sensitivity of insects toward insecticides can be exacerbated. Likewise, exposure of insects to insecticides can subsequently influence their ability to handle stressful temperatures. Here, we investigated the effects of constant temperature and daily heat spikes, in presence/absence of insecticide treatment (cyfluthrin), on the condition (impairment of mobility) and thermal tolerance to cold (-6 °C) and heat (42.5 °C) of the terrestrial beetle Alphitobius diaperinus. The responses of insects from four populations (three farm-collected populations, one laboratory population) to different durations of extreme temperature exposure were compared. The results showed that the laboratory population was generally more sensitive to extreme cold and heat temperatures, with less than 50% of adults recovering after an exposure at -6 or +42.5 °C for 3h. Significant differences in the level of thermal tolerance were also found among insects from poultry farms. Cyfluthrin exposure incurred detrimental effects to insects' condition in all but one population. For two out of the four populations, mobility impairment was increased when adults were exposed to daily heat spikes (6 h per day at 38 °C) and cyfluthrin simultaneously, compared to cyfluthrin exposure at constant temperatures; yet, no significant interaction between the two stressors was found. Finally, using one farm collected population, effects of pre-exposure to cyfluthrin on extreme temperature tolerance provided another example of the toxicant-induced climate sensitivity in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Engell Dahl
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, évolution)], UMR 6553, F-35000, Rennes, France.
| | - Sapho-Lou Marti
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, évolution)], UMR 6553, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Hervé Colinet
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, évolution)], UMR 6553, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Claudia Wiegand
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, évolution)], UMR 6553, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Martin Holmstrup
- University of Aarhus, Department of Bioscience, Section for Terrestrial Ecology, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600, Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - David Renault
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO [(Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, évolution)], UMR 6553, F-35000, Rennes, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 1 Rue Descartes, Paris, France
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25
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Men C, Liu R, Wang Q, Miao Y, Wang Y, Jiao L, Li L, Cao L, Shen Z, Li Y, Crawford-Brown D. Spatial-temporal characteristics, source-specific variation and uncertainty analysis of health risks associated with heavy metals in road dust in Beijing, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 278:116866. [PMID: 33740604 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Based on the concentrations of ten heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, Fe) in 144 road dust samples collected from 36 sites across 4 seasons from 2016 to 2017 in Beijing, this study systematically analyzed the levels and main sources of health risks in terms of their temporal and spatial variations. A combination of receptor models (positive matrix factorization and multilinear engine-2), human health risk assessment models, and Monte Carlo simulations were used to apportion the seasonal variation of the health risks associated with these heavy metals. While non-carcinogenic risks were generally acceptable, Cr and Ni induced cautionary carcinogenic risks (CR) to children (confidence levels was approximately 80% and 95%, respectively).. Additionally, fuel combustion posed cautionary CR to children in all seasons, while the level of CR from other sources varied, depending on the seasons. Heavy metal concentrations were the most influential variables for uncertainties, followed by ingestion rate and skin adherence factor. The values and spatial patterns of health risks were influenced by the spatial pattern of risks from each source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Men
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ruimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Qingrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuexi Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lijun Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Leiping Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zhenyao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Douglas Crawford-Brown
- Department of Land Economy, Cambridge Centre for Climate Change Mitigation Research (4CMR), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 9EP, UK
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26
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Sampaio F, Krechemer FS, Marchioro CA. The hotter the better? Climate change and voltinism of Spodoptera eridania estimated with different methods. J Therm Biol 2021; 98:102946. [PMID: 34016363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Substantial increases in global temperature are projected for the coming decades due to climate change. Considering that temperature has a strong influence on insect voltinism (i.e., number of generations per year), climate change may affect the population growth of insects, with potential consequences for food production. The southern armyworm, Spodoptera eridania, is a multivoltine species native to the American tropics that causes severe damage to several crops. In this context, this study evaluated the impacts of climate change on the voltinism of S. eridania in southern Brazil. Current and future daily temperature data were combined with non-linear and degree-day models to estimate the voltinism of this pest. Under current climate conditions, the voltinism of S. eridania ranged from 2.9 to 9.2 generations, with fewer cohorts in colder regions and more in warmer ones. A higher number of generations was predicted for the future climate scenarios evaluated, reaching up to 12.1 annual generations in certain regions by 2070. Most of the variation in voltinism was explained by location (87.7%) and by the interaction between location and mathematical model (3.0%). The degree-day model estimated an increase in the number of generations in the entire study area, while the non-linear model predicted a decrease in voltinism in the warmer regions under future climate change scenarios. Given these differences between the predictions provided by degree-day and non-linear models, the selection of the best method to be used in climate change studies should be carried out carefully, considering how species respond to temperature. A considerable increase in the number of generations of S. eridania was projected for most of the study area under the climate change scenarios evaluated, suggesting a possible rise in pest incidence levels in the coming decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Sampaio
- Graduate Program in Natural and Agricultural Ecosystems, Department of Agriculture, Biodiversity and Forests, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus of Curitibanos, Curitibanos, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Flávia S Krechemer
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus of Curitibanos, Curitibanos, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Cesar A Marchioro
- Graduate Program in Natural and Agricultural Ecosystems, Department of Agriculture, Biodiversity and Forests, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Campus of Curitibanos, Curitibanos, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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27
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Trezzi MM, Alcántara-de la Cruz R, Rojano-Delgado AM, Alcántara E, Pagnoncelli FDB, Viecelli M, Diesel F, Pacheco V, De Prado R. Influence of temperature on the retention, absorption and translocation of fomesafen and imazamox in Euphorbia heterophylla. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 173:104794. [PMID: 33771265 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change will be an additional issue to the challenge to manage herbicide resistant weeds. This work investigated the impact of three temperature regimes (10/5, 20/15 and 30/25 °C) on the efficacy, foliar retention, absorption and translocation of fomesafen, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor, and imazamox, acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor, between two Euphorbia heterophylla populations, one susceptible (S) and one multiple PPO and ALS resistant (R). The R population went from 5 (fomesafen) and 12 (imazamox) times more resistant than the S population at 10/5 °C to more than 100 times to both herbicides at 20/15 and 30/25 °C. Leaf retention of fomesafen was not affected by temperature; however, imazamox retention was less at 10/5 and 20/15 °C than at 30/25 °C, and the R population always retained less imazamox than the S population. 14C-fomesafen absorption was similar between populations, but lower amounts were absorbed at 10/5 °C regardless of the evaluation time. Recovered 14C-imazamox rates decreased in both populations as the evaluation time increased, ranging from 82 to 92% at 6 h after treatment (HAT), and from 47 to 76% at 48 HAT, depending on the temperature regime. The 14C-imazamox losses were greater from 24 HAT in R plants grown at 30/25 °C and in all temperature regimes at 48 HAT. Although both populations translocated large amounts of imazamox, the S population distributed it in the rest of the plant (33%) and roots (15%), while the R population kept it mainly on the treated leaf (24%) or lost ~20% more herbicide than S population at 48 HAT, indicating the need for further studies on root exudation between these populations. Low temperatures reduced resistance levels to fomesafen and imazamox in E. heterophylla, suggesting that temperature influences the expression of the mechanisms that govern this multiple resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Antonia M Rojano-Delgado
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | | | | | - Matheus Viecelli
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Pato Branco, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Francielli Diesel
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Pato Branco, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Vacilania Pacheco
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Technology - Paraná, Pato Branco, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Rafael De Prado
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Edaphology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
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28
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Pathak TB, Maskey ML, Rijal JP. Impact of climate change on navel orangeworm, a major pest of tree nuts in California. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142657. [PMID: 33092836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
California's agricultural sector is the highest valued agricultural sector in the United States. It is also a global leader in the production of various specialty crops, including three major tree nuts - almond, walnut, and pistachio. These three nut crops accounted for approximately 16% of the state's total agricultural economy. Current and future changes in climate pose many challenges in agriculture and impacts related to increased pest pressure in agriculture due to elevated temperatures are significant. The navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker), is the most challenging pest of tree nuts in California and often cause a significant economic loss despite the careful implementation of multiple pest control tactics. Temperature variations can directly affect the developmental rates, behavior, and overall population dynamics of this pest, and it is critically important to understand these dynamics with respect to climate change. The objective of this study was to quantify changes in the timing and number of navel orangeworm generations in almonds, walnuts, and pistachios for the entire Central Valley of California using projections from ten general circulation models (GCMs) under two emission scenarios. The results suggest that navel orangeworm is likely to complete its life cycle much faster under climate change due to projected temperature increases. The results also suggest that under future climate change, navel orangeworm can complete one additional generation within the growing season and likely going to pose significant risks to these major nut industries in the future. Quantifying navel orangeworm generations and assessing risks to tree nuts under climate change can help facilitate and strategize integrated pest management (IPM) practices to the sustainability of the production systems by minimizing risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan B Pathak
- Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California - Merced, 5200 N. Lake Rd., Merced, CA, USA.
| | - Mahesh L Maskey
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California - Merced, 5200 N. Lake Rd., Merced, CA, USA
| | - Jhalendra P Rijal
- University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources & Statewide IPM Program, 3800 Cornucopia Way, Suite A, Modesto, CA, USA
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29
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Holt JR, Bernaola L, Britt KE, McCullough C, Roth M, Wagner J, Ragozzino M, Aviles L, Li Z, Huval F, Pandey M, Lee BW, Asche M, Hayes A, Cohen A, Marshall A, Quellhorst HE, Wilkins RV, Nguyen V, Maille J, Skinner RK, Ternest JJ, Anderson S, Gula SW, Hauri K, Eason J, Mulcahy M, Lee S, Villegas JM, Shorter P. Synergisms in Science: Climate Change and Integrated Pest Management Through the Lens of Communication-2019 Student Debates. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:31. [PMID: 33119749 PMCID: PMC7759723 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Every year, the Student Debates Subcommittee (SDS) of the Student Affairs Committee (SAC) for the annual Entomological Society of America (ESA) meeting organizes the Student Debates. This year, the SAC selected topics based on their synergistic effect or ability to ignite exponential positive change when addressed as a whole. For the 2019 Student Debates, the SAC SDS identified these topic areas for teams to debate and unbiased introduction speakers to address: 1) how to better communicate science to engage the public, particularly in the area of integrated pest management (IPM), 2) the influential impacts of climate change on agriculturally and medically relevant insect pests, and 3) sustainable agriculture techniques that promote the use of IPM to promote food security. Three unbiased introduction speakers gave a foundation for our audience to understand each debate topic, while each of six debate teams provided a strong case to support their stance or perspective on a topic. Debate teams submitted for a competitive spot for the annual ESA Student Debates and trained for the better part of a year to showcase their talents in presenting logical arguments for a particular topic. Both the debate teams and unbiased introduction speakers provided their insight toward a better understanding of the complexities of each topic and established a foundation to delve further into the topics of science advocacy and communication, climate change, and the many facets of integrated pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn R Holt
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Lina Bernaola
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Kadie E Britt
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Chirs McCullough
- Department of Horticulture, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Morgan Roth
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Jennie Wagner
- Department of Horticulture, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Max Ragozzino
- Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA
| | - Leslie Aviles
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Zhilin Li
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Forest Huval
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Manoj Pandey
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Benjamin W Lee
- Department of Entomology, Washing State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Megan Asche
- Department of Entomology, Washing State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Abigail Hayes
- Department of Entomology, Washing State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Abigail Cohen
- Department of Entomology, Washing State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Adrian Marshall
- Department of Entomology, Washing State University, Pullman, WA
| | | | - Rachel V Wilkins
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Valerie Nguyen
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | | | - Rachel K Skinner
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - John J Ternest
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Sarah Anderson
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Scott W Gula
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Kayleigh Hauri
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Julius Eason
- Department of Entomology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Megan Mulcahy
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Scott Lee
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | | | - Patricia Shorter
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
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30
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An Analysis of Climate Impacts on Herbicide, Insecticide, and Fungicide Expenditures. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10050745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The climate alters pest populations and in turn, pesticide use and cost as well as use of other pest treatments. This paper analyzes the effect of the climate on pesticide expenditures by category, namely: fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides. This is done by econometrically estimating the effects of climate variables such as mean temperature and precipitation as well as the number of hot days, cold days, and wet days on the mean and variance of expenditures by category. The estimates are performed for corn, soybeans, spring and winter wheat, and potatoes. We find that climate factors influence fungicide, herbicide, and insecticide expenditures and that this influence is heterogeneous, varying in nature across crops and pesticide categories. Moreover, we find that climate extremes are more important in determining pesticide expenditures than climate averages in several cases.
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31
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Men C, Liu R, Xu L, Wang Q, Guo L, Miao Y, Shen Z. Source-specific ecological risk analysis and critical source identification of heavy metals in road dust in Beijing, China. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 388:121763. [PMID: 31818668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
To explore the spatial variation of source-specific ecological risks and identify critical sources of heavy metals in road dust, 36 road dust samples collected in Beijing in March 2017 were analyzed for heavy metals. A new method that takes into consideration the heavy-metal toxic response and is flexible to changes in the number of calculated heavy metals, called the Nemerow integrated risk index (NIRI), was developed for ecological risk assessment. The NIRI indicated that heavy metals posed considerable to high risks at the majority of sites, and 22 % of the sites suffered extreme risk in spring (NIRI > 320). Four main sources were identified based on positive matrix factorization (PMF): traffic exhaust, fuel combustion, construction, and use of pesticides and fertilizers. Owing to the lower toxic response factors of representative heavy metals of fuel combustion than those of other sources, although fuel combustion had the highest contribution (34.21 %) to heavy metals in spring, it only contributed 5.57 % to ecological risks. Critical sources and critical source areas were determined by considering the contributions to both heavy metals and ecological risks. The use of pesticide and fertilizer and traffic-related exhaust were identified as critical sources of heavy metals in spring. Source-specific ecological risks and critical sources of heavy metals changed with the changing seasons, which suggests that different strategies should be adopted in different seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Men
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ruimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Libing Xu
- College of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qingrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Lijia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yuexi Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Zhenyao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, No. 19, Xinjiekouwai Street, Beijing, 100875, China
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Paul A, Radhakrishnan M, Anandakumar S, Shanmugasundaram S, Anandharamakrishnan C. Disinfestation techniques for major cereals: A status report. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:1125-1155. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anjaly Paul
- Centre of Excellence in Nonthermal ProcessingIndian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Ministry of Food Processing Industries Thanjavur India
| | - Mahendran Radhakrishnan
- Centre of Excellence in Nonthermal ProcessingIndian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Ministry of Food Processing Industries Thanjavur India
| | - Sugumar Anandakumar
- Department of Food Packaging and System DevelopmentIndian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Ministry of Food Processing Industries Thanjavur India
| | - Saravanan Shanmugasundaram
- Planning and Monitoring CellIndian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Ministry of Food Processing Industries Thanjavur India
| | - Chinnaswamy Anandharamakrishnan
- Computational Modeling and Nano Scale Processing UnitIndian Institute of Food Processing Technology, Ministry of Food Processing Industries Thanjavur India
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Pu J, Wang Z, Chung H. Climate change and the genetics of insecticide resistance. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:846-852. [PMID: 31793168 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Changes in global temperature and humidity as a result of climate change are producing rapid evolutionary changes in many animal species, including agricultural pests and disease vectors, leading to changes in allele frequencies of genes involved in thermotolerance and desiccation resistance. As some of these genes have pleiotropic effects on insecticide resistance, climate change is likely to affect insecticide resistance in the field. In this review, we discuss how the interactions between adaptation to climate change and resistance to insecticides can affect insecticide resistance in the field using examples in phytophagous and hematophagous pest insects, focusing on the effects of increased temperature and increased aridity. We then use detailed genetic and mechanistic studies in the model insect, Drosophila melanogaster, to explain the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon. We suggest that tradeoffs or facilitation between adaptation to climate change and resistance to insecticides can alter insecticide resistance allele frequencies in the field. The dynamics of these interactions will need to be considered when managing agricultural pests and disease vectors in a changing climate. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Pu
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Zinan Wang
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Henry Chung
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Kappel L, Münsterkötter M, Sipos G, Escobar Rodriguez C, Gruber S. Chitin and chitosan remodeling defines vegetative development and Trichoderma biocontrol. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008320. [PMID: 32078661 PMCID: PMC7053769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal parasitism depends on the ability to invade host organisms and mandates adaptive cell wall remodeling to avoid detection and defense reactions by the host. All plant and human pathogens share invasive strategies, which aid to escape the chitin-triggered and chitin-targeted host immune system. Here we describe the full spectrum of the chitin/chitosan-modifying enzymes in the mycoparasite Trichoderma atroviride with a central role in cell wall remodeling. Rapid adaption to a variety of growth conditions, environmental stresses and host defense mechanisms such as oxidative stress depend on the concerted interplay of these enzymes and, ultimately, are necessary for the success of the mycoparasitic attack. To our knowledge, we provide the first in class description of chitin and associated glycopolymer synthesis in a mycoparasite and demonstrate that they are essential for biocontrol. Eight chitin synthases, six chitin deacetylases, additional chitinolytic enzymes, including six chitosanases, transglycosylases as well as accessory proteins are involved in this intricately regulated process. Systematic and biochemical classification, phenotypic characterization and mycoparasitic confrontation assays emphasize the importance of chitin and chitosan assembly in vegetative development and biocontrol in T. atroviride. Our findings critically contribute to understanding the molecular mechanism of chitin synthesis in filamentous fungi and mycoparasites with the overarching goal to selectively exploit the discovered biocontrol strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kappel
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Münsterkötter
- Department of Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of Sopron, Sopron, Hungary
| | - György Sipos
- Department of Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of Sopron, Sopron, Hungary
| | | | - Sabine Gruber
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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Bajwa AA, Wang H, Chauhan BS, Adkins SW. Effect of elevated carbon dioxide concentration on growth, productivity and glyphosate response of parthenium weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:2934-2941. [PMID: 30854793 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rise in atmospheric CO2 has huge impacts on the biology and management of invasive weed species such as Parthenium hysterophorus. This study evaluated the effect of ambient (400 ppm) and elevated (700 ppm) CO2 concentrations on P. hysterophorus growth, reproductive output and response to glyphosate applied at several doses including the recommended dose (800 g a.e. ha-1 ). RESULTS The plants in control treatment (no herbicide) grew taller (41%), produced a larger number of leaves (13%) and flowers (39%), and higher dry biomass (34%) at elevated CO2 as compared to the ambient CO2 . Glyphosate caused significant reduction in chlorophyll content of P. hysterophorus plants grown at both CO2 concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. The percentage herbicide injury was relatively less at elevated CO2 as compared to the ambient CO2 at 7 and 14 days after glyphosate application but it was almost similar at 21 days after application. This shows that elevated CO2 might have slowed the translocation of glyphosate initially, but most plants were killed eventually close to 21 days after application. The survival rate was higher under elevated as compared to the ambient CO2 at recommended and lower doses of glyphosate. There was a negligible difference between the two CO2 concentrations for the plant dry biomass reduction over the control treatment. CONCLUSIONS P. hysterophorus growth and reproductive potential (indicated by number of flowers) improved significantly by CO2 enrichment but there was little effect on the overall efficacy of glyphosate applied to control this species. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Bajwa
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
- The Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
| | - Haochen Wang
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
| | - Bhagirath S Chauhan
- The Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
| | - Steve W Adkins
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
- The Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
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Non-Target-Site Resistance to Herbicides: Recent Developments. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8100417. [PMID: 31618956 PMCID: PMC6843234 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-target-site resistance (NTSR) to herbicides in weeds can be conferred as a result of the alteration of one or more physiological processes, including herbicide absorption, translocation, sequestration, and metabolism. The mechanisms of NTSR are generally more complex to decipher than target-site resistance (TSR) and can impart cross-resistance to herbicides with different modes of action. Metabolism-based NTSR has been reported in many agriculturally important weeds, although reduced translocation and sequestration of herbicides has also been found in some weeds. This review focuses on summarizing the recent advances in our understanding of the physiological, biochemical, and molecular basis of NTSR mechanisms found in weed species. Further, the importance of examining the co-existence of TSR and NTSR for the same herbicide in the same weed species and influence of environmental conditions in the altering and selection of NTSR is also discussed. Knowledge of the prevalence of NTSR mechanisms and co-existing TSR and NTSR in weeds is crucial for designing sustainable weed management strategies to discourage the further evolution and selection of herbicide resistance in weeds.
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Matzrafi M, Brunharo C, Tehranchian P, Hanson BD, Jasieniuk M. Increased temperatures and elevated CO 2 levels reduce the sensitivity of Conyza canadensis and Chenopodium album to glyphosate. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2228. [PMID: 30778160 PMCID: PMC6379362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38729-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbicides are the most commonly used means of controlling weeds. Recently, there has been growing concern over the potential impacts of global climate change, specifically, increasing temperatures and elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations, on the sensitivity of weeds to herbicides. Here, glyphosate response of both Conyza canadensis and Chenopodium album was evaluated under different environmental conditions. Reduced glyphosate sensitivity was observed in both species in response to increased temperature, elevated CO2 level, and the combination of both factors. Increased temperature had greater effect on plant survival than elevated CO2 level. In combination, high temperature and elevated CO2 level resulted in loss of apical dominance and rapid necrosis in glyphosate-treated plants. To investigate the mechanistic basis of reduced glyphosate sensitivity, translocation was examined using 14C-glyphosate. In plants that were subjected to high temperatures and elevated CO2 level, glyphosate was more rapidly translocated out of the treated leaf to shoot meristems and roots than in plants grown under control conditions. These results suggest that altered glyphosate translocation and tissue-specific sequestration may be the basis of reduced plant sensitivity. Therefore, overreliance on glyphosate for weed control under changing climatic conditions may result in more weed control failures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maor Matzrafi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Caio Brunharo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Parsa Tehranchian
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- SynTech Research, P.O. Box 700, Sanger, CA, 93657, USA
| | - Bradley D Hanson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Marie Jasieniuk
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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