1
|
Wu X, Wen G, Yan L, Wang Y, Ren X, Li G, Luo Y, Shang J, Lu L, Hermenean A, Yao J, Li B, Lu Y, Wu X. Ketamine administration causes cognitive impairment by destroying the circulation function of the glymphatic system. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 175:116739. [PMID: 38759288 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ketamine, as a non-competitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, was originally used in general anesthesia. Epidemiological data show that ketamine has become one of the most commonly abused drugs in China. Ketamine administration might cause cognitive impairment; however, its molecular mechanism remains unclear. The glymphatic system is a lymphoid system that plays a key role in metabolic waste removal and cognitive regulation in the central nervous system. METHODS Focusing on the glymphatic system, this study evaluated the behavioral performance and circulatory function of the glymphatic system by building a short-term ketamine administration model in mice, and detected the expression levels of the 5-HT2c receptor, ΔFosb, Pten, Akt, and Aqp4 in the hippocampus. Primary astrocytes were cultured to verify the regulatory relationships among related indexes using a 5-HT2c receptor antagonist, a 5-HT2c receptor short interfering RNA (siRNA), and a ΔFosb siRNA. RESULTS Ketamine administration induced ΔFosb accumulation by increasing 5-HT2c receptor expression in mouse hippocampal astrocytes and primary astrocytes. ΔFosb acted as a transcription factor to recognize the AATGATTAAT bases in the 5' regulatory region of the Aqp4 gene (-1096 bp to -1087 bp), which inhibited Aqp4 expression, thus causing the circulatory dysfunction of the glymphatic system, leading to cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS Although this regulatory mechanism does not involve the Pten/Akt pathway, this study revealed a new mechanism of ketamine-induced cognitive impairment in non-neuronal systems, and provided a theoretical basis for the safety of clinical treatment and the effectiveness of withdrawal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, China
| | - Gehua Wen
- China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, China
| | - Lei Yan
- China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, China
| | - Yexin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry in Congenital Malformation, Affiliated Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xinghua Ren
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry in Congenital Malformation, Affiliated Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Guiji Li
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry in Congenital Malformation, Affiliated Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu Luo
- China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, China
| | - Junbo Shang
- China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, China
| | - Lei Lu
- Department of pediatrics Neonatology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60615, USA
| | - Anca Hermenean
- Faculty of Medicine, Vasile Goldis Western University of Arad, Romania
| | - Jun Yao
- China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, China
| | - Baoman Li
- China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, China.
| | - Yan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry in Congenital Malformation, Affiliated Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Xu Wu
- China Medical University School of Forensic Medicine, Shenyang, China; Liaoning Province Key Laboratory of Forensic Bio-evidence Sciences, China; China Medical University Center of Forensic Investigation, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kim OH, Jeon KO, Kim G, Jang CG, Yoon SS, Jang EY. The neuropharmacological properties of α-pyrrolidinobutiothiophenone, a new synthetic cathinone, in rodents; role of the dopaminergic system. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38772548 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE α-Pyrrolidinobutiothiophenone (α-PBT) is a chemical derivative of cathinone, a structural analogue of amphetamine. Until now, there have been a few previous neurochemical or neurobehavioural studies on the abuse potential of α-PBT. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We examined the abuse potential of α-PBT by measuring psychomotor, rewarding, and reinforcing properties and methamphetamine-like discriminative stimulus effects in rodents using locomotor activity, conditioned place preference, self-administration, and drug discrimination studies. To clarify the underlying neuropharmacological mechanisms, we measured dopamine levels and neuronal activation in the dorsal striatum. In addition, we investigated the role of the dopamine D1 receptor or D2 receptors in α-PBT-induced hyperlocomotor activity, conditioned place preference, and the methamphetamine-like discriminative stimulus effect of α-PBT in rodents. KEY RESULTS α-PBT promoted hyperlocomotor activity in mice. α-PBT induced drug-paired place preference in mice and supported self-administration in rats. In a drug discrimination experiment, α-PBT fully substituted for the discriminative stimulus effects of methamphetamine in rats. Furthermore, α-PBT increased dopamine levels and c-Fos expression in the dorsal striatum of mice, which was associated with these behaviours. Finally, pretreatment with the D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 or the D2 receptors antagonist eticlopride significantly attenuated acute or repeated α-PBT-induced hyperlocomotor activity, place preference, and the methamphetamine-like discriminative stimulus effects in rodents. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings suggest that α-PBT has abuse potential at the highest dose tested via enhanced dopaminergic transmission in the dorsal striatum of rodents. The results provide scientific evidence for the legal restrictions of the recreational use of α-PBT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oc-Hee Kim
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Oh Jeon
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gihyeon Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Shoon Yoon
- Department of Physiology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Young Jang
- Department of Advanced Toxicology Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Steiner MA, Botticelli L, Bergamini G, Micioni Di Bonaventura E, Gatfield J, Williams JT, Treiber A, Vaillant C, Cifani C, Micioni Di Bonaventura MV. Evaluating the efficacy of the selective orexin 1 receptor antagonist nivasorexant in an animal model of binge-eating disorder. Int J Eat Disord 2024. [PMID: 38456603 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Test the efficacy of the selective orexin 1 receptor (OX1R) antagonist (SO1RA) nivasorexant in an animal model of binge-eating disorder (BED) and study its dose-response relationship considering free brain concentrations and calculated OX1R occupancy. Compare nivasorexant's profile to that of other, structurally diverse SO1RAs. Gain understanding of potential changes in orexin-A (OXA) neuropeptide and deltaFosB (ΔFosB) protein expression possibly underlying the development of the binge-eating phenotype in the rat model used. METHOD Binge-like eating of highly palatable food (HPF) in rats was induced through priming by intermittent, repeated periods of dieting and access to HPF, followed by an additional challenge with acute stress. Effects of nivasorexant were compared to the SO1RAs ACT-335827 and IDOR-1104-2408. OXA expression in neurons and neuronal fibers as well as ΔFosB and OXA-ΔFosB co-expression was studied in relevant brain regions using immuno- or immunofluorescent histochemistry. RESULTS All SO1RAs dose-dependently reduced binge-like eating with effect sizes comparable to the positive control topiramate, at unbound drug concentrations selectively blocking brain OX1Rs. Nivasorexant's efficacy was maintained upon chronic dosing and under conditions involving more frequent stress exposure. Priming for binge-like eating or nivasorexant treatment resulted in only minor changes in OXA or ΔFosB expression in few brain areas. DISCUSSION Selective OX1R blockade reduced binge-like eating in rats. Neither ΔFosB nor OXA expression proved to be a useful classifier for their binge-eating phenotype. The current results formed the basis for a clinical phase II trial in BED, in which nivasorexant was unfortunately not efficacious compared with placebo. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Nivasorexant is a new investigational drug for the treatment of binge-eating disorder (BED). It underwent clinical testing in a phase II proof of concept trial in humans but was not efficacious compared with placebo. The current manuscript investigated the drug's efficacy in reducing binge-like eating behavior of a highly palatable sweet and fat diet in a rat model of BED, which initially laid the foundation for the clinical trial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Botticelli
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bergamini
- CNS Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | - John Gatfield
- CNS Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Jodi T Williams
- CNS Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Treiber
- CNS Pharmacology, Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | - Carlo Cifani
- Pharmacology Unit, School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
McGregor R, Wu MF, Thannickal TC, Siegel JM. Opiate anticipation, opiate induced anatomical changes in hypocretin (Hcrt, orexin) neurons and opiate induced microglial activation are blocked by the dual Hcrt receptor antagonist suvorexant, while opiate analgesia is maintained. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.22.559044. [PMID: 37790444 PMCID: PMC10542511 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.22.559044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
We previously found that heroin addiction in humans is accompanied by an increase in the number of detected Hcrt neurons and a decrease in their soma size. We now show that the increased number of Hcrt cells visible after morphine treatment is likely the result of increased Hcrt production in neurons having sub-detection levels of the peptides. We find that morphine increases Hcrt projections to the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the level of tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme (TH) and the number of TH positive cells in VTA, with no changes in the adjacent substantia nigra. We find that the dual Hcrt receptor antagonist suvorexant prevents morphine-induced changes in the number and size of Hcrt neurons, microglial activation and morphine anticipatory behavior, but does not diminish morphine analgesia. These findings suggest that combined administration of opiates and suvorexant may be a less addictive way of administering opiates for pain relief in humans.
Collapse
|
5
|
Litif CG, Flom LT, Sandum KL, Hodgins SL, Vaccaro L, Stitzel JA, Blouin NA, Mannino MC, Gigley JP, Schoborg TA, Bobadilla AC. Differential genetic expression within reward-specific ensembles in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.02.565378. [PMID: 37961222 PMCID: PMC10635086 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.02.565378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Maladaptive reward seeking is a hallmark of cocaine use disorder. To develop therapeutic targets, it is critical to understand the neurobiological changes specific to cocaine-seeking without altering the seeking of natural rewards, e.g., sucrose. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the nucleus accumbens core (NAcore) are known regions associated with cocaine- and sucrose-seeking ensembles, i.e., a sparse population of co-activated neurons. Within ensembles, transcriptomic alterations in the PFC and NAcore underlie the learning and persistence of cocaine- and sucrose-seeking behavior. However, transcriptomes exclusively driving cocaine seeking independent from sucrose seeking have not yet been defined using a within-subject approach. Using Ai14:cFos-TRAP2 transgenic mice in a dual cocaine and sucrose self-administration model, we fluorescently sorted (FACS) and characterized (RNAseq) the transcriptomes defining cocaine- and sucrose-seeking ensembles. We found reward- and region-specific transcriptomic changes that will help develop clinically relevant genetic approaches to decrease cocaine-seeking behavior without altering non-drug reward-based positive reinforcement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl G. Litif
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Levi T. Flom
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | | | | | - Lucio Vaccaro
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Jerry A. Stitzel
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Nicolas A. Blouin
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | | | - Jason P. Gigley
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Todd A. Schoborg
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Ana-Clara Bobadilla
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zheng Y, Liu D, Guo H, Chen W, Liu Z, Li Z, Hu T, Zhang Y, Li X, Zhao Z, Cai Q, Ge F, Fan Y, Guan X. Paternal methamphetamine exposure induces higher sensitivity to methamphetamine in male offspring through driving ADRB1 on CaMKII-positive neurons in mPFC. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:324. [PMID: 37857642 PMCID: PMC10587075 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Paternal abuse of drugs, such as methamphetamine (METH), elevates the risk of developing addiction in subsequent generations, however, its underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Male adult mice (F0) were exposed to METH for 30 days, followed by mating with naïve female mice to create the first-generation mice (F1). When growing to adulthood, F1 were subjected to conditioned place preference (CPP) test. Subthreshold dose of METH (sd-METH), insufficient to induce CPP normally, were used in F1. Selective antagonist (betaxolol) for β1-adrenergic receptor (ADRB1) or its knocking-down virus were administrated into mPFC to regulate ADRB1 function and expression on CaMKII-positive neurons. METH-sired male F1 acquired sd-METH-induced CPP, indicating that paternal METH exposure induce higher sensitivity to METH in male F1. Compared with saline (SAL)-sired male F1, CaMKII-positive neuronal activity was normal without sd-METH, but strongly evoked after sd-METH treatment in METH-sired male F1 during adulthood. METH-sired male F1 had higher ADRB1 levels without sd-METH, which was kept at higher levels after sd-METH treatment in mPFC. Either inhibiting ADRB1 function with betaxolol, or knocking-down ADRB1 level on CaMKII-positive neurons (ADRB1CaMKII) with virus transfection efficiently suppressed sd-METH -evoked mPFC activation, and ultimately blocked sd-METH-induced CPP in METH-sired male F1. In the process, the p-ERK1/2 and ΔFosB may be potential subsequent signals of mPFC ADRB1CaMKII. The mPFC ADRB1CaMKII mediates paternal METH exposure-induced higher sensitivity to drug addiction in male offspring, raising a promising pharmacological target for predicting or treating transgenerational addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zheng
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dekang Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Wenwen Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhaoyu Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhaosu Li
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ziheng Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qinglong Cai
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Feifei Ge
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xiaowei Guan
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Miao B, Xing X, Bazylianska V, Madden P, Moszczynska A, Zhang B. Methamphetamine-induced region-specific transcriptomic and epigenetic changes in the brain of male rats. Commun Biol 2023; 6:991. [PMID: 37758941 PMCID: PMC10533900 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05355-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychostimulant methamphetamine (METH) is neurotoxic to the brain and, therefore, its misuse leads to neurological and psychiatric disorders. The gene regulatory network (GRN) response to neurotoxic METH binge remains unclear in most brain regions. Here we examined the effects of binge METH on the GRN in the nucleus accumbens, dentate gyrus, Ammon's horn, and subventricular zone in male rats. At 24 h after METH, ~16% of genes displayed altered expression and over a quarter of previously open chromatin regions - parts of the genome where genes are typically active - showed shifts in their accessibility. Intriguingly, most changes were unique to each area studied, and independent regulation between transcriptome and chromatin accessibility was observed. Unexpectedly, METH differentially impacted gene activity and chromatin accessibility within the dentate gyrus and Ammon's horn. Around 70% of the affected chromatin-accessible regions in the rat brain have conserved DNA sequences in the human genome. These regions frequently act as enhancers, ramping up the activity of nearby genes, and contain mutations linked to various neurological conditions. By sketching out the gene regulatory networks associated with binge METH in specific brain regions, our study offers fresh insights into how METH can trigger profound, region-specific molecular shifts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benpeng Miao
- Department of Developmental Biology, Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Center for Genomic Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Xing
- Department of Genetics, Center for Genomic Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Viktoriia Bazylianska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Pamela Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Anna Moszczynska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Developmental Biology, Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yeh SY, Estill M, Lardner CK, Browne CJ, Minier-Toribio A, Futamura R, Beach K, McManus CA, Xu SJ, Zhang S, Heller EA, Shen L, Nestler EJ. Cell Type-Specific Whole-Genome Landscape of ΔFOSB Binding in the Nucleus Accumbens After Chronic Cocaine Exposure. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 94:367-377. [PMID: 36906500 PMCID: PMC10314970 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability of neurons to respond to external stimuli involves adaptations of gene expression. Induction of the transcription factor ΔFOSB in the nucleus accumbens, a key brain reward region, is important for the development of drug addiction. However, a comprehensive map of ΔFOSB's gene targets has not yet been generated. METHODS We used CUT&RUN (cleavage under targets and release using nuclease) to map the genome-wide changes in ΔFOSB binding in the 2 main types of nucleus accumbens neurons-D1 or D2 medium spiny neurons-after chronic cocaine exposure. To annotate genomic regions of ΔFOSB binding sites, we also examined the distributions of several histone modifications. Resulting datasets were leveraged for multiple bioinformatic analyses. RESULTS The majority of ΔFOSB peaks occur outside promoter regions, including intergenic regions, and are surrounded by epigenetic marks indicative of active enhancers. BRG1, the core subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, overlaps with ΔFOSB peaks, a finding consistent with earlier studies of ΔFOSB's interacting proteins. Chronic cocaine use induces broad changes in ΔFOSB binding in both D1 and D2 nucleus accumbens medium spiny neurons of male and female mice. In addition, in silico analyses predict that ΔFOSB cooperatively regulates gene expression with homeobox and T-box transcription factors. CONCLUSIONS These novel findings uncover key elements of ΔFOSB's molecular mechanisms in transcriptional regulation at baseline and in response to chronic cocaine exposure. Further characterization of ΔFOSB's collaborative transcriptional and chromatin partners specifically in D1 and D2 medium spiny neurons will reveal a broader picture of the function of ΔFOSB and the molecular basis of drug addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Ying Yeh
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Molly Estill
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Casey K Lardner
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Caleb J Browne
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Angelica Minier-Toribio
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Rita Futamura
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Katherine Beach
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Catherine A McManus
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Song-Jun Xu
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth A Heller
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Penn Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Li Shen
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Eric J Nestler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Malik JA, Agrewala JN. Future perspectives of emerging novel drug targets and immunotherapies to control drug addiction. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 119:110210. [PMID: 37099943 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is one of the major mental illnesses that is terrifically intensifying worldwide. It is becoming overwhelming due to limited options for treatment. The complexity of addiction disorders is the main impediment to understanding the pathophysiology of the illness. Hence, unveiling the complexity of the brain through basic research, identification of novel signaling pathways, the discovery of new drug targets, and advancement in cutting-edge technologies will help control this disorder. Additionally, there is a great hope of controlling the SUDs through immunotherapeutic measures like therapeutic antibodies and vaccines. Vaccines have played a cardinal role in eliminating many diseases like polio, measles, and smallpox. Further, vaccines have controlled many diseases like cholera, dengue, diphtheria, Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib), human papillomavirus, influenza, Japanese encephalitis, etc. Recently, COVID-19 was controlled in many countries by vaccination. Currently, continuous effort is done to develop vaccines against nicotine, cocaine, morphine, methamphetamine, and heroin. Antibody therapy against SUDs is another important area where serious attention is required. Antibodies have contributed substantially against many serious diseases like diphtheria, rabies, Crohn's disease, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, and bladder cancer. Antibody therapy is gaining immense momentum due to its success rate in cancer treatment. Furthermore, enormous advancement has been made in antibody therapy due to the generation of high-efficiency humanized antibodies with a long half-life. The advantage of antibody therapy is its instant outcome. This article's main highlight is discussing the drug targets of SUDs and their associated mechanisms. Importantly, we have also discussed the scope of prophylactic measures to eliminate drug dependence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonaid Ahmad Malik
- Immunology laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India
| | - Javed N Agrewala
- Immunology laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gaszner T, Farkas J, Kun D, Ujvári B, Füredi N, Kovács LÁ, Hashimoto H, Reglődi D, Kormos V, Gaszner B. Epigenetic and Neuronal Activity Markers Suggest the Recruitment of the Prefrontal Cortex and Hippocampus in the Three-Hit Model of Depression in Male PACAP Heterozygous Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911739. [PMID: 36233039 PMCID: PMC9570135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression and its increasing prevalence challenge patients, the healthcare system, and the economy. We recently created a mouse model based on the three-hit concept of depression. As genetic predisposition (first hit), we applied pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide heterozygous mice on CD1 background. Maternal deprivation modeled the epigenetic factor (second hit), and the chronic variable mild stress was the environmental factor (third hit). Fluoxetine treatment was applied to test the predictive validity of our model. We aimed to examine the dynamics of the epigenetic marker acetyl-lysine 9 H3 histone (H3K9ac) and the neuronal activity marker FOSB in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus. Fluoxetine decreased H3K9ac in PFC in non-deprived animals, but a history of maternal deprivation abolished the effect of stress and SSRI treatment on H3K9ac immunoreactivity. In the hippocampus, stress decreased, while SSRI increased H3K9ac immunosignal, unlike in the deprived mice, where the opposite effect was detected. FOSB in stress was stimulated by fluoxetine in the PFC, while it was inhibited in the hippocampus. The FOSB immunoreactivity was almost completely abolished in the hippocampus of the deprived mice. This study showed that FOSB and H3K9ac were modulated in a territory-specific manner by early life adversities and later life stress interacting with the effect of fluoxetine therapy supporting the reliability of our model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Gaszner
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - József Farkas
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Dániel Kun
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balázs Ujvári
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nóra Füredi
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Ákos Kovács
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
- Molecular Research Center for Children’s Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Bioscience, Institute for Datability Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
- Transdimensional Life Imaging Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Dóra Reglődi
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- ELKH-PTE PACAP Research Group Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Viktória Kormos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Balázs Gaszner
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Research Group for Mood Disorders, Centre for Neuroscience Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mayberry HL, Bavley CC, Karbalaei R, Peterson DR, Bongiovanni AR, Ellis AS, Downey SH, Toussaint AB, Wimmer ME. Transcriptomics in the nucleus accumbens shell reveal sex- and reinforcer-specific signatures associated with morphine and sucrose craving. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1764-1775. [PMID: 35190706 PMCID: PMC9372067 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01289-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Incubation of craving is a well-documented phenomenon referring to the intensification of drug craving over extended abstinence. The neural adaptations that occur during forced abstinence following chronic drug taking have been a topic of intense study. However, little is known about the transcriptomic changes occurring throughout this window of time. To define gene expression changes associated with morphine consumption and extended abstinence, male and female rats underwent 10 days of morphine self-administration. Separate drug-naive rats self-administered sucrose in order to compare opioid-induced changes from those associated with natural, non-drug rewards. After one or 30 days of forced abstinence, rats were tested for craving, or nucleus accumbens shell tissue was dissected for RNA sequencing. Morphine consumption was predictive of drug seeking after extended (30 days) but not brief (1 day) abstinence in both sexes. Extended abstinence was also associated with robust sex- and reinforcer-specific changes in gene expression, suggesting sex differences underlying incubation of morphine and sucrose seeking respectively. Importantly, these changes in gene expression occurred without re-exposure to drug-paired cues, indicating that chronic morphine causes long-lasting changes in gene expression that prime the system for increased craving. These findings lay the groundwork for identifying specific therapeutic targets for curbing opioid craving without impacting the natural reward system in males and females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L Mayberry
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Charlotte C Bavley
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Reza Karbalaei
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Drew R Peterson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Angela R Bongiovanni
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexandra S Ellis
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sara H Downey
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andre B Toussaint
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mathieu E Wimmer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rossato DR, Rosa HZ, Rosa JLO, Milanesi LH, Metz VG, D'Àvila LF, Burger ME. Tactile Stimulation in Adult Rats Modulates Dopaminergic Molecular Parameters in the Nucleus accumbens Preventing Amphetamine Relapse. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5564-5573. [PMID: 35732868 PMCID: PMC9217176 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02927-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Amphetamine (AMPH) is a psychostimulant drug frequently related to addiction, which is characterized by functional and molecular changes in the brain reward system, favoring relapse development, and pharmacotherapies have shown low effectiveness. Considering the beneficial influences of tactile stimulation (TS) in different diseases that affect the central nervous system (CNS), here we evaluated if TS applied in adult rats could prevent or minimize the AMPH-relapse behavior also accessing molecular neuroadaptations in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Following AMPH conditioning in the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm, male rats were submitted to TS (15-min session, 3 times a day, for 8 days) during the drug abstinence period, which were re-exposed to the drug in the CPP paradigm for additional 3 days for relapse observation and molecular assessment. Our findings showed that besides AMPH relapse, TS prevented the dopamine transporter (DAT), dopamine 1 receptor (D1R), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), mu opioid receptor (MOR) increase, and AMPH-induced delta FosB (ΔFosB). Based on these outcomes, we propose TS as a useful tool to treat psychostimulant addiction, which is subsequent to clinical studies; it could be included in detoxification programs together with pharmacotherapies and psychological treatments already conventionally established.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D R Rossato
- Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - H Z Rosa
- Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - J L O Rosa
- Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L H Milanesi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - V G Metz
- Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L F D'Àvila
- Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - M E Burger
- Graduation Program in Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. .,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology (UFSM), Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sadat‐Shirazi M, Nouri Zadeh‐Tehrani S, Akbarabadi A, Mokri A, Taleb Zadeh Kasgari B, Zarrindast M. Exercise can restore behavioural and molecular changes of intergenerational morphine effects. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13122. [PMID: 34931742 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In our previous studies, the offspring of morphine-exposed parents (MEO) showed pharmacological tolerance to the morphine's reinforcing effect. According to the role of exercise in treatment of morphine addiction, the current study was designed to utilize exercise to improve the effect of parental morphine exposure on the morphine's reinforcing effect. Male and female rats received morphine for 10 days and were drug-free for another 10 days. Each morphine-exposed animal was allowed to mate either with a drug-naïve or a morphine-exposed rat. The offspring were divided into two groups: (1) offspring that were subjected to treadmill exercise and (2) offspring that were not subjected to exercise. The reinforcing effect of morphine was evaluated using conditioned place preference (CPP) and two-bottle choice (TBC) tests. Levels of dopamine receptors (D1DR and D2DR), μ-opioid receptor (MOR), and ΔFosB were evaluated in the nucleus accumbens. The MEO obtained lower preference scores in CPP and consumed morphine more than the control group in TBC. After 3 weeks of exercise, the reinforcing effect of morphine in the MEO was similar to the control. D1DR, D2DR, and MOR were increased in MEO compared with the controls before exercise. Levels of D1DR and MOR were decreased after exercise in the MEO; however, D1DR was increased in control. D2DR level did not change after exercise in MEO, but it increased in control group. Moreover, the level of ΔFosB was decreased among MEO while it was increased after exercise. In conclusion, exercise might modulate the reinforcing effect of morphine via alteration in levels of D1DR, MOR, and ΔFosB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ardeshir Akbarabadi
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Azarakhsh Mokri
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Roozbeh Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Bahar Taleb Zadeh Kasgari
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- School of Biology, College of Science University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad‐Reza Zarrindast
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Science Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Robison AJ, Nestler EJ. ΔFOSB: A Potentially Druggable Master Orchestrator of Activity-Dependent Gene Expression. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:296-307. [PMID: 35020364 PMCID: PMC8879420 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ΔFOSB is a uniquely stable member of the FOS family of immediate early gene AP1 transcription factors. Its accumulation in specific cell types and tissues in response to a range of chronic stimuli is associated with biological phenomena as diverse as memory formation, drug addiction, stress resilience, and immune cell activity. Causal connections between ΔFOSB expression and the physiological and behavioral sequelae of chronic stimuli have been established in rodent and, in some cases, primate models for numerous healthy and pathological states with such preclinical observations often supported by human data demonstrating tissue-specific ΔFOSB expression associated with several specific syndromes. However, the viability of ΔFOSB as a target for therapeutic intervention might be questioned over presumptive concerns of side effects given its expression in such a wide range of cell types and circumstances. Here, we summarize numerous insights from the past three decades of research into ΔFOSB structure, function, mechanisms of induction, and regulation of target genes that support its potential as a druggable target. We pay particular attention to the potential for targeting distinct ΔFOSB isoforms or distinct ΔFOSB-containing multiprotein complexes to achieve cell type or tissue specificity to overcome off-target concerns. We also cover critical gaps in knowledge that currently limit the exploitation of ΔFOSB's therapeutic possibilities and how they may be addressed. Finally, we summarize both current and potential future strategies for generating small molecules or genetic tools for the manipulation of ΔFOSB in the clinic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alfred J Robison
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Eric J Nestler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Teague CD, Nestler EJ. Key transcription factors mediating cocaine-induced plasticity in the nucleus accumbens. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:687-709. [PMID: 34079067 PMCID: PMC8636523 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Repeated cocaine use induces coordinated changes in gene expression that drive plasticity in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), an important component of the brain's reward circuitry, and promote the development of maladaptive, addiction-like behaviors. Studies on the molecular basis of cocaine action identify transcription factors, a class of proteins that bind to specific DNA sequences and regulate transcription, as critical mediators of this cocaine-induced plasticity. Early methods to identify and study transcription factors involved in addiction pathophysiology primarily relied on quantifying the expression of candidate genes in bulk brain tissue after chronic cocaine treatment, as well as conventional overexpression and knockdown techniques. More recently, advances in next generation sequencing, bioinformatics, cell-type-specific targeting, and locus-specific neuroepigenomic editing offer a more powerful, unbiased toolbox to identify the most important transcription factors that drive drug-induced plasticity and to causally define their downstream molecular mechanisms. Here, we synthesize the literature on transcription factors mediating cocaine action in the NAc, discuss the advancements and remaining limitations of current experimental approaches, and emphasize recent work leveraging bioinformatic tools and neuroepigenomic editing to study transcription factors involved in cocaine addiction.
Collapse
|
16
|
Nagata I, Sasaki M, Miyazaki T, Saeki K, Ogawa KI, Kamiya Y. Subanesthetic Dose of Propofol Activates the Reward System in Rats. Anesth Analg 2021; 135:414-426. [PMID: 34958308 DOI: 10.1213/ane.0000000000005847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Propofol has addictive properties, even with a single administration, and facilitates dopamine secretion in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Activation of the dopaminergic circuits of the midbrain reward system, including the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and NAc, plays a crucial role in addiction. However, the effects of propofol on synaptic transmission and biochemical changes in the VTA-NAc circuit remain unclear. METHODS We investigated the effects of subanesthetic doses of propofol on rat VTA neurons and excitatory synaptic transmission in the NAc using slice patch-clamp experiments. Using immunohistochemistry and western blot analyses, we evaluated the effects of intraperitoneal propofol administration on the expression of addiction-associated transcription factor ΔFosB (truncated form of the FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog B protein) in the NAcs in 5-week-old rats. RESULTS In the current-clamp mode, a subanesthetic dose (0.5-5 µmol/L) of propofol increased the action potential frequency in about half the VTA neurons (excited neurons: control: 9.4 ± 3.0 Hz, propofol 0.5 µmol/L: 21.5 ± 6.0 Hz, propofol 5 µmol/L: 14.6 ± 5.3 Hz, wash: 2.0 ± 0.7 Hz, n = 14/27 cells; unchanged/suppressed neurons: control: 1.68 ± 0.94 Hz, propofol 0.5 µmol/L: 1.0 ± 0.67 Hz, propofol 5 µmol/L: 0.89 ± 0.87 Hz, wash: 0.16 ± 0.11 Hz, n = 13/27 cells). In the voltage-clamp mode, about half the VTA principal neurons showed inward currents with 5 µmol/L of propofol (inward current neurons: control: -20.5 ± 10.0 pA, propofol 0.5 µmol/L: -62.6 ± 14.4 pA, propofol 5 µmol/L: -85.2 ± 18.3 pA, propofol 50 µmol/L: -17.1 ± 39.2 pA, washout: +30.5 ± 33.9 pA, n = 6/11 cells; outward current neurons: control: -33.9 ± 14.6 pA, propofol 0.5 µmol/L: -29.5 ± 16.0 pA, propofol 5 µmol/L: -0.5 ± 20.9 pA, propofol 50 µmol/L: +38.9 ± 18.5 pA, washout: +40.8 ± 32.1 pA, n = 5/11 cells). Moreover, 0.5 µmol/L propofol increased the amplitudes of evoked excitatory synaptic currents in the NAc, whereas >5 µmol/L propofol decreased them (control: 100.0 ± 2.0%, propofol 0.5 µmol/L: 118.4 ± 4.3%, propofol 5 µmol/L: 98.3 ± 3.3%, wash [within 10 min]: 70.7 ± 3.3%, wash [30 minutes later]: 89.9 ± 2.5%, n = 13 cells, P < .001, Dunnett's test comparing control and propofol 0.5 µmol/L). Intraperitoneally administered subanesthetic dose of propofol increased ΔFosB expression in the NAc, but not in VTA, 2 and 24 hours after administration, compared with the Intralipid control group (propofol 2 hours: 0.94 ± 0.15, 24 hours: 0.68 ± 0.07; Intralipid 2 hours: 0.40 ± 0.03, 24 hours: 0.37 ± 0.06, P = .0002 for drug in the 2-way analysis of variance). CONCLUSIONS Even a single administration of a subanesthetic dose of propofol may cause rewarding change in the central nervous system. Thus, there is a potential propofol rewarding effect among patients receiving anesthesia or sedation with propofol, as well as among health care providers exposed to propofol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isao Nagata
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mika Sasaki
- Division of Anesthesiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miyazaki
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kensuke Saeki
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Ogawa
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kamiya
- From the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Division of Anesthesiology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan.,Department of Neuroanatomy, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Repetitive and Inflexible Active Coping and Addiction-like Neuroplasticity in Stressed Mice of a Helplessness-Resistant Inbred Strain. Behav Sci (Basel) 2021; 11:bs11120174. [PMID: 34940109 PMCID: PMC8698352 DOI: 10.3390/bs11120174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional coping styles are involved in the development, persistence, and relapse of psychiatric diseases. Passive coping with stress challenges (helplessness) is most commonly used in animal models of dysfunctional coping, although active coping strategies are associated with generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, panic, and phobias as well as obsessive-compulsive and post-traumatic stress disorder. This paper analyzes the development of dysfunctional active coping strategies of mice of the helplessness–resistant DBA/2J (D2) inbred strain, submitted to temporary reduction in food availability in an uncontrollable and unavoidable condition. The results indicate that food-restricted D2 mice developed a stereotyped form of food anticipatory activity and dysfunctional reactive coping in novel aversive contexts and acquired inflexible and perseverant escape strategies in novel stressful situations. The evaluation of FosB/DeltaFosB immunostaining in different brain areas of food-restricted D2 mice revealed a pattern of expression typically associated with behavioral sensitization to addictive drugs and compulsivity. These results support the conclusion that an active coping style represents an endophenotype of mental disturbances characterized by perseverant and inflexible behavior.
Collapse
|
18
|
Saad L, Zwiller J, Kalsbeek A, Anglard P. Epigenetic Regulation of Circadian Clocks and Its Involvement in Drug Addiction. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1263. [PMID: 34440437 PMCID: PMC8394526 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on studies describing an increased prevalence of addictive behaviours in several rare sleep disorders and shift workers, a relationship between circadian rhythms and addiction has been hinted for more than a decade. Although circadian rhythm alterations and molecular mechanisms associated with neuropsychiatric conditions are an area of active investigation, success is limited so far, and further investigations are required. Thus, even though compelling evidence connects the circadian clock to addictive behaviour and vice-versa, yet the functional mechanism behind this interaction remains largely unknown. At the molecular level, multiple mechanisms have been proposed to link the circadian timing system to addiction. The molecular mechanism of the circadian clock consists of a transcriptional/translational feedback system, with several regulatory loops, that are also intricately regulated at the epigenetic level. Interestingly, the epigenetic landscape shows profound changes in the addictive brain, with significant alterations in histone modification, DNA methylation, and small regulatory RNAs. The combination of these two observations raises the possibility that epigenetic regulation is a common plot linking the circadian clocks with addiction, though very little evidence has been reported to date. This review provides an elaborate overview of the circadian system and its involvement in addiction, and we hypothesise a possible connection at the epigenetic level that could further link them. Therefore, we think this review may further improve our understanding of the etiology or/and pathology of psychiatric disorders related to drug addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lamis Saad
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), UMR 7364 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Neuropôle de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (L.S.); (J.Z.)
- The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jean Zwiller
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), UMR 7364 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Neuropôle de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (L.S.); (J.Z.)
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 75016 Paris, France
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- The Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick Anglard
- Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives et Adaptatives (LNCA), UMR 7364 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Neuropôle de Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France; (L.S.); (J.Z.)
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), 75013 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Wille-Bille A, Marengo L, Godino A, Pautassi RM. Effects of escalating versus fixed ethanol exposure on ∆FosB expression in the mesocorticolimbic pathway in adolescent and adult rats. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2021; 47:569-580. [PMID: 34383595 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2021.1954188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: We have reported induction of ∆FosB in adolescent rats that drank less ethanol than adults yet exhibited a progressive increase in ethanol intake.Objective: To test the hypothesis that an escalating pattern of ethanol exposure is more effective to induce ∆FosB expression [at prelimbic cortex (PrL), nucleus accumbens core and shell, striatum, basolateral amygdala (BLA) and central amygdala (CeC)] than a pattern equated for number of exposures yet employing a fixed ethanol dose.Methods: Adolescent and adult (Exp. 1, n = 48) male and female (n = 24 of each sex) or only adult male (Exp. 2, n = 36) Wistar rats were intermittently intubated with vehicle, escalating (from 0.5 to 2.5 g/kg) or fixed (2.0 g/kg) doses of ethanol, across 18 sessions. ∆FosB induction was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Ethanol intake, anxiety and risk-taking were assessed (in adults only) via two-bottles tests and the multivariate concentric square field.Results: Both patterns heightened ∆FosB levels similarly in adolescents and adults and in males and females. Fixed dosing induced ∆FosB in all areas (p < .05) except the CeC, whereas the escalating pattern induced ∆FosB in the PrL and BLA only (p < .05). Ethanol intake was initially lower in ethanol pre-exposed subjects than in control subjects (p < .05). Rats exposed to the fixed pattern exhibited enhanced risk-taking behavior (p < .05).Conclusions: The results agree with studies showing ethanol-mediated induction of ∆FosB in reward areas and indicate that, following ethanol intubations, this induction is similar in adolescents and adults. The induction of ∆FosB seems not necessarily associated with susceptibility for ethanol intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aranza Wille-Bille
- Department of Psychophysiology, Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Marengo
- Department of Psychophysiology, Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrea Godino
- Department of Psychophysiology, Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina.,Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Marcos Pautassi
- Department of Psychophysiology, Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra (INIMEC-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Córdoba), Córdoba, Argentina.,Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhao D, Liu C, Cui M, Liu J, Meng F, Lian H, Wang D, Hu F, Liu D, Li C. The paraventricular thalamus input to central amygdala controls depression-related behaviors. Exp Neurol 2021; 342:113744. [PMID: 33965409 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The dysregulation of neuronal networks may contribute to the etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the neural connections underlying the symptoms of MDD have yet to be elucidated. Here, we observed that glutamatergic neurons in the paraventricular thalamus (PVT) were activated by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) with higher expression numbers of ΔFosB-labeled neurons and protein expression levels, activation of PVT neurons caused depressive-like phenotypes, whereas suppression of PVT neuronal activity induced an antidepressant effect in male, but not female mice, which were achieved by using a chemogenetic approach. Moreover, we found that PVT glutamatergic neurons showed strong neuronal projections to the central amygdala (CeA), activation of the CeA-projecting neurons in PVT or the neuronal terminals of PVT-CeA projection neurons induced depression-related behaviors or showed enhanced stress-induced susceptibility. These results suggest that PVT is a key depression-controlling nucleus, and PVT-CeA projection regulates depression-related behaviors in a sex-dependent manner, which could be served as an essential pathway for morbidity and treatment of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhao
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China; Department of Psychology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Cuilan Liu
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China; Department of Psychology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Minghu Cui
- Department of Psychology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China; Department of Psychology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Fantao Meng
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China; Department of Psychology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Haifeng Lian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China; Department of Psychology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Fengai Hu
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China; Department of Psychology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Dunjiang Liu
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China; Department of Psychology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Li
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China; Department of Psychology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang D, Wang W, Jiang S, Ma H, Lian H, Meng F, Liu J, Cui M, You J, Liu C, Zhao D, Hu F, Liu D, Li C. Regulation of depression-related behaviors by GABAergic neurons in the lateral septum through periaqueductal gray neuronal projections. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 137:202-214. [PMID: 33691232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious and widespread mental illness worldwide. The abnormality of neuronal networks may contribute to the etiology of MDD. However, the neural connections underlying the main symptoms of MDD need further elucidation. Here, we found that GABAergic neurons in the lateral septum (LS) were activated by chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), with increased numbers of ΔFosB-labeled neurons. LS neuronal activity was modulated using a chemogenetic approach. Activation of LS neurons caused a depressive phenotype, as shown by increased immobility in the forced swim test, and induced increased susceptibility to subthreshold chronic stress, as indicated by decreased female urine sniffing time and preference for sucrose in depression-related behavior detection, whereas suppression of LS neuronal activity induced an antidepressant effect under basal and stressed conditions. Moreover, we found that the LS showed strong neuronal projections to the dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG); activation of dPAG-projecting GABAergic neurons in the LS produced the same depressive behaviors and stress susceptibility as induced by the activation of the majority of LS GABAergic neurons. Finally, we found that activation of neuronal fibers in the dPAG derived from the LS showed depression-related behaviors, as suggested by the decreased female urine sniffing time and sucrose preference in female urine sniffing and sucrose preference tests respectively. Our findings indicate that LS is a key depression-controlling nucleus, and that the LS-PAG projection is an essential effector circuit for morbidity and treatment in depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Shujun Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - He Ma
- Department of Neurology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Haifeng Lian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Fantao Meng
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Minghu Cui
- Department of Psychology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Jingjing You
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Cuilan Liu
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Fengai Hu
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Dunjiang Liu
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Chen Li
- Institute for Metabolic & Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Salery M, Godino A, Nestler EJ. Drug-activated cells: From immediate early genes to neuronal ensembles in addiction. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 90:173-216. [PMID: 33706932 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2020.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Beyond their rapid rewarding effects, drugs of abuse can durably alter an individual's response to their environment as illustrated by the compulsive drug seeking and risk of relapse triggered by drug-associated stimuli. The persistence of these associations even long after cessation of drug use demonstrates the enduring mark left by drugs on brain reward circuits. However, within these circuits, neuronal populations are differently affected by drug exposure and growing evidence indicates that relatively small subsets of neurons might be involved in the encoding and expression of drug-mediated associations. The identification of sparse neuronal populations recruited in response to drug exposure has benefited greatly from the study of immediate early genes (IEGs) whose induction is critical in initiating plasticity programs in recently activated neurons. In particular, the development of technologies to manipulate IEG-expressing cells has been fundamental to implicate broadly distributed neuronal ensembles coincidently activated by either drugs or drug-associated stimuli and to then causally establish their involvement in drug responses. In this review, we summarize the literature regarding IEG regulation in different learning paradigms and addiction models to highlight their role as a marker of activity and plasticity. As the exploration of neuronal ensembles in addiction improves our understanding of drug-associated memory encoding, it also raises several questions regarding the cellular and molecular characteristics of these discrete neuronal populations as they become incorporated in drug-associated neuronal ensembles. We review recent efforts towards this goal and discuss how they will offer a more comprehensive understanding of addiction pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Salery
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Arthur Godino
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Eric J Nestler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dos Anjos Rosário B, de Fátima Santana de Nazaré M, Lemes JA, de Andrade JS, da Silva RB, Pereira CDS, Ribeiro DA, de Barros Viana M. Repeated crack cocaine administration alters panic-related responses and delta FosB immunoreactivity in panic-modulating brain regions. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:1179-1191. [PMID: 33569614 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-06031-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Crack cocaine is the crystal form of cocaine, produced by adding sodium bicarbonate to cocaine base paste. Brazil is the largest consumer of crack cocaine in the world. Users of crack cocaine show important physiological and behavioral alterations, including neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as anxiety-related symptoms. Nevertheless, few pre-clinical studies have been previously performed to understand the neurobiological effects of crack cocaine. The purpose of the present study was to investigate effects of the subchronic treatment (5 days, IP) of rats with crack cocaine in an animal model of anxiety/panic, the elevated T-maze (ETM). The ETM model allows the measurement of two behavioral defensive responses, avoidance and escape, in clinical terms, respectively, associated to generalized anxiety and panic disorder, the two main psychiatric conditions that accompany substance use disorders. Immediately after the ETM model, animals were tested in an open field for locomotor activity assessment. Analysis of delta FosB protein immunoreactivity was used to map areas activated by crack cocaine exposure. Results showed that crack treatment selectively altered escape displayed by rats in the ETM test, inducing either a panicolytic (18 mg/kg IP) or a panicogenic-like effect (25 and 36 mg/kg IP). These effects were followed by the altered functioning of panic-modulating brain regions, i.e., the periaqueductal gray and the dorsal region and lateral wings of the dorsal raphe nucleus. Treatment with 36 mg/kg of crack cocaine also increased locomotor activity. These are the first observations performed with crack cocaine in a rodent model of anxiety/panic and contribute to a better understanding of the behavioral and neurobiological effects of crack cocaine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jéssica Alves Lemes
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - José Simões de Andrade
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina Barbosa da Silva
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Araki Ribeiro
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Milena de Barros Viana
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Circadian-Dependent and Sex-Dependent Increases in Intravenous Cocaine Self-Administration in Npas2 Mutant Mice. J Neurosci 2021; 41:1046-1058. [PMID: 33268545 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1830-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Substance use disorder (SUD) is associated with disruptions in circadian rhythms. The circadian transcription factor neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2) is enriched in reward-related brain regions and regulates reward, but its role in SU is unclear. To examine the role of NPAS2 in drug taking, we measured intravenous cocaine self-administration (acquisition, dose-response, progressive ratio, extinction, cue-induced reinstatement) in wild-type (WT) and Npas2 mutant mice at different times of day. In the light (inactive) phase, cocaine self-administration, reinforcement, motivation and extinction responding were increased in all Npas2 mutants. Sex differences emerged during the dark (active) phase with Npas2 mutation increasing self-administration, extinction responding, and reinstatement only in females as well as reinforcement and motivation in males and females. To determine whether circulating hormones are driving these sex differences, we ovariectomized WT and Npas2 mutant females and confirmed that unlike sham controls, ovariectomized mutant mice showed no increase in self-administration. To identify whether striatal brain regions are activated in Npas2 mutant females, we measured cocaine-induced ΔFosB expression. Relative to WT, ΔFosB expression was increased in D1+ neurons in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core and dorsolateral (DLS) striatum in Npas2 mutant females after dark phase self-administration. We also identified potential target genes that may underlie the behavioral responses to cocaine in Npas2 mutant females. These results suggest NPAS2 regulates reward and activity in specific striatal regions in a sex and time of day (TOD)-specific manner. Striatal activation could be augmented by circulating sex hormones, leading to an increased effect of Npas2 mutation in females.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Circadian disruptions are a common symptom of substance use disorders (SUDs) and chronic exposure to drugs of abuse alters circadian rhythms, which may contribute to subsequent SU. Diurnal rhythms are commonly found in behavioral responses to drugs of abuse with drug sensitivity and motivation peaking during the dark (active) phase in nocturnal rodents. Emerging evidence links disrupted circadian genes to SU vulnerability and drug-induced alterations to these genes may augment drug-seeking. The circadian transcription factor neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2) is enriched in reward-related brain regions and regulates reward, but its role in SU is unclear. To examine the role of NPAS2 in drug taking, we measured intravenous cocaine self-administration in wild-type (WT) and Npas2 mutant mice at different times of day.
Collapse
|
25
|
Quansah Amissah R, Chometton S, Calvez J, Guèvremont G, Timofeeva E, Timofeev I. Differential Expression of DeltaFosB in Reward Processing Regions Between Binge Eating Prone and Resistant Female Rats. Front Syst Neurosci 2020; 14:562154. [PMID: 33177996 PMCID: PMC7596303 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2020.562154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Binge eating (BE) is characterized by the consumption of large amounts of palatable food in a discrete period and compulsivity. Even though BE is a common symptom in bulimia nervosa (BN), binge eating disorder (BED), and some cases of other specified feeding or eating disorders, little is known about its pathophysiology. We aimed to identify brain regions and neuron subtypes implicated in the development of binge-like eating in a female rat model. We separated rats into binge eating prone (BEP) and binge eating resistant (BER) phenotypes based on the amount of sucrose they consumed following foot-shock stress. We quantified deltaFosB (ΔFosB) expression, a stably expressed Fos family member, in different brain regions involved in reward, taste, or stress processing, to assess their involvement in the development of the phenotype. The number of ΔFosB-expressing neurons was: (1) higher in BEP than BER rats in reward processing areas [medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), nucleus accumbens (Acb), and ventral tegmental area (VTA)]; (2) similar in taste processing areas [insular cortex, IC and parabrachial nucleus (PBN)]; and (3) higher in the paraventricular nucleus of BEP than BER rats, but not different in the locus coeruleus (LC), which are stress processing structures. To study subtypes of ΔFosB-expressing neurons in the reward system, we performed in situ hybridization for glutamate decarboxylase 65 and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA after ΔFosB immunohistochemistry. In the mPFC and Acb, the proportions of γ-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) and non-GABAergic ΔFosB-expressing neurons were similar in BER and BEP rats. In the VTA, while the proportion of dopaminergic ΔFosB-expressing neurons was similar in both phenotypes, the proportion of GABAergic ΔFosB-expressing neurons was higher in BER than BEP rats. Our results suggest that reward processing brain regions, particularly the VTA, are important for the development of binge-like eating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Quansah Amissah
- Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche de L'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CERVO, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sandrine Chometton
- Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche de L'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Juliane Calvez
- Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche de L'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Genevieve Guèvremont
- Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche de L'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Elena Timofeeva
- Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche de L'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Igor Timofeev
- Faculté de Médecine, Département de Psychiatrie et de Neurosciences, Centre de Recherche du CERVO, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Smith RJ, Anderson RI, Haun HL, Mulholland PJ, Griffin WC, Lopez MF, Becker HC. Dynamic c-Fos changes in mouse brain during acute and protracted withdrawal from chronic intermittent ethanol exposure and relapse drinking. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12804. [PMID: 31288295 PMCID: PMC7579841 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol dependence promotes neuroadaptations in numerous brain areas, leading to escalated drinking and enhanced relapse vulnerability. We previously developed a mouse model of ethanol dependence and relapse drinking in which repeated cycles of chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) vapor exposure drive a significant escalation of voluntary ethanol drinking. In the current study, we used this model to evaluate changes in neuronal activity (as indexed by c‐Fos expression) throughout acute and protracted withdrawal from CIE (combined with or without a history of ethanol drinking). We analyzed c‐Fos protein expression in 29 brain regions in mice sacrificed 2, 10, 26, and 74 hours or 7 days after withdrawal from 5 cycles of CIE. Results revealed dynamic time‐ and brain region‐dependent changes in c‐Fos activity over the time course of withdrawal from CIE exposure, as compared with nondependent air‐exposed control mice, beginning with markedly low expression levels upon removal from the ethanol vapor chambers (2 hours), reflecting intoxication. c‐Fos expression was enhanced during acute CIE withdrawal (10 and 26 hours), followed by widespread reductions at the beginning of protracted withdrawal (74 hours) in several brain areas. Persistent reductions in c‐Fos expression were observed during prolonged withdrawal (7 days) in prelimbic cortex, nucleus accumbens shell, dorsomedial striatum, paraventricular nucleus of thalamus, and ventral subiculum. A history of ethanol drinking altered acute CIE withdrawal effects and caused widespread reductions in c‐Fos that persisted during extended abstinence even without CIE exposure. These data indicate that ethanol dependence and relapse drinking drive long‐lasting neuroadaptations in several brain regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J. Smith
- Department of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Rachel I. Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Harold L. Haun
- Department of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Patrick J. Mulholland
- Department of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
- Charleston Alcohol Research Center Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - William C. Griffin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
- Charleston Alcohol Research Center Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Marcelo F. Lopez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
- Charleston Alcohol Research Center Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| | - Howard C. Becker
- Department of Neuroscience Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
- Charleston Alcohol Research Center Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
- Ralph H. Johnson Veteran Affairs Medical Center Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Noback M, Zhang G, White N, Barrow JC, Carr GV. Post-weaning social isolation increases ΔFosB/FosB protein expression in sex-specific patterns in the prelimbic/infralimbic cortex and hippocampus in mice. Neurosci Lett 2020; 740:135423. [PMID: 33069811 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Social isolation is a growing public health concern across the lifespan. Specifically, isolation early in life, during critical periods of brain development, increases the risk of psychiatric disorders later in life. Previous studies of isolation models in mice have shown distinct neurological abnormalities in various regions of the brain, but the mechanism linking the experience of isolation to these phenotypes is unclear. In this study, we show that ΔFosB, a long-lived transcription factor associated with neuronal activity, chronic stress, and drug-induced neuroplasticity, is upregulated in the prelimbic/infralimbic (PL/IL) region of the cortex and hippocampus of adult C57BL/6J mice transiently isolated for two weeks post-weaning. Additionally, a related transcription factor, FosB, is also increased in the PL/IL in socially isolated females.In contrast, both ΔFosB and FosB are increased in male mice isolated for six weeks from weaning until tissue collection. These results show that short-term isolation during the critical post-weaning period has long-lasting and sex-dependent effects on gene expression in brain and that FosB/ΔFosB expression provides a potential mechanistic link between post-weaning social isolation and associated neurological abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Noback
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gongliang Zhang
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Noelle White
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James C Barrow
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Gregory V Carr
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hasbi A, Sivasubramanian M, Milenkovic M, Komarek K, Madras BK, George SR. Dopamine D1-D2 receptor heteromer expression in key brain regions of rat and higher species: Upregulation in rat striatum after cocaine administration. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 143:105017. [PMID: 32679312 PMCID: PMC7450246 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dopamine receptors interact with other receptors to form heterooligomers. One such complex, the D1-D2 heteromer, demonstrated in cultured striatal neurons and rat striatum has been linked to drug addiction, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, depression and anhedonia. METHODS D1-D2 heteromer expression was evaluated using in situ proximity ligation assay, in parallel with cellular colocalization of D1 and D2 mRNA using in situ hybridization in 19 different key rat brain regions. Expression in higher species and changes in rat striatum after repeated cocaine administration were evaluated. RESULTS Differences in D1-D2 heteromer expression in striatal subregions are documented in higher species with nonhuman primate and human demonstrating higher density of heteromer-expressing neurons compared to rodents. All species had higher density of D1-D2 neurons in nucleus accumbens compared to dorsal striatum. Multiple other brain regions are identified where D1-D2 heteromer is expressed, prominently in cerebral cortical subregions including piriform, medial prefrontal, orbitofrontal and others; subcortical regions such as claustrum, amygdala and lateral habenula. Three categories of regions are identified: D1-D2 heteromer expressed despite little to no observed D1/D2 mRNA colocalization, likely representing heteromer on neuronal projections from other brain regions; D1-D2 heteromer originating locally with the density of neurons expressing heteromer matching neurons with colocalized D1/D2 mRNA; regions with both a local origin and targeted inputs projecting from other regions. Repeated cocaine administration significantly increased density of neurons expressing D1-D2 heteromer and D1/D2 mRNA colocalization in rat striatum, with changes in both direct and indirect pathway neurons. CONCLUSION The dopamine D1-D2 heteromer is expressed in key brain cortical and subcortical regions of all species examined. Species differences in striatum revealed greater abundance in human>nonhuman-primate>rat>mouse, suggesting an evolutionary biologic role for the D1-D2 heteromer in higher CNS function. Its upregulation in rat striatum following cocaine points to regulatory significance with possible relevance for clinical disorders such as drug addiction. The dopamine D1-D2 receptor heteromer may represent a potential target for neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, given its distribution in highly relevant brain regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hasbi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | | | - Marija Milenkovic
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kristina Komarek
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bertha K Madras
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Susan R George
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wetering R, Schenk S. Regional changes in ∆FosB expression in rat brain following MDMA self-administration predict increased sensitivity to effects of locally infused MDMA. Addict Biol 2020; 25:e12814. [PMID: 31373119 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Repeated exposure to drugs produces a plethora of persistent brain changes, some of which underlie the development of drug addiction. An important objective of addiction research is to identify the brain changes that might mediate the transition from drug use to drug misuse. The persistent accumulation of the transcription factor, ∆FosB, following repeated drug exposure provides a means of achieving this objective. Experiments were conducted on sexually mature male Sprague-Dawley rats. The effects of extensive 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) self-administration on immunohistochemical measurements of ∆FosB accumulation in 12 brain regions was compared with a matched, drug-naive, control group. Other groups were pretreated with MDMA (0.0 or 10.0 mg/kg, ip, once daily for 5 days), and the locomotor-activating effect of MDMA (200 μg/side) microinjected bilaterally into brain regions selected on the basis of the ∆FosB results was subsequently determined. MDMA self-administration significantly increased ∆FosB expression in the nucleus accumbens core, ventromedial and dorsomedial caudate-putamen, anterior cingulate, prelimbic, infralimbic, and orbitofrontal cortex, and both the central and basolateral amygdala, but not in the ventrolateral or dorsolateral caudate-putamen. Increases in the nucleus accumbens shell were substantial but were not significant following statistical correction for multiple comparisons. MDMA pretreatment enhanced MDMA-produced hyperactivity only when administered into the nucleus accumbens or the medial, but not the lateral, caudate-putamen, mirroring the ∆FosB results. These data compare favorably to results following repeated exposure to other drugs of abuse and support the idea of common neuroplastic changes following repeated drug exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross Wetering
- School of PsychologyVictoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand
| | - Susan Schenk
- School of PsychologyVictoria University of Wellington Wellington New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kuiper LB, Lucas KA, Mai V, Coolen LM. Enhancement of Drug Seeking Following Drug Taking in a Sexual Context Requires Anterior Cingulate Cortex Activity in Male Rats. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:87. [PMID: 32670029 PMCID: PMC7330085 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual variance in vulnerability to develop addictions is influenced by social factors. Specifically, drug-taking in a sexual context appears to enhance further drug-seeking behavior in human users, as these users identify the effects of drugs to enhance sexual pleasure as a primary reason for continued drug use. Methamphetamine (Meth) is commonly used in this context. Similarly, male rats that self-administered Meth immediately followed by sexual behavior display enhanced drug-seeking behavior, including attenuation of extinction and increased reinstatement to seeking of Meth-associated cues. Hence, drug-taking in a sexual context enhances vulnerability for addiction. However, the neural mechanisms by which this occurs are unknown. Here the hypothesis was tested that medial prefrontal cortex is essential for this effect of Meth and sex when experienced concurrently. First it was shown that CaMKII neurons in the anterior cingulate area (ACA) were co-activated by both Meth and sex. Next, chemogenetic inactivation of ACA CaMKII cells using AAV5-CaMKIIa-hM4Di-mCherry was shown not to affect Meth-induced locomotor activity or sexual behavior. Subsequently, chemogenetic inactivation of ACA CaMKII neurons during Meth self-administration followed by sexual behavior was shown to prevent the effects of Meth and sex on enhanced reinstatement of Meth-seeking but did not affect enhanced drug-seeking during extinction tests. These results indicate that ACA CaMKII cell activation during exposure to Meth in a sexual context plays an essential role in the subsequent enhancement of drug-seeking during reinstatement tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey B Kuiper
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Kathryn A Lucas
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Vy Mai
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States
| | - Lique M Coolen
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, United States.,Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ryu IS, Kim OH, Lee YE, Kim JS, Li ZH, Kim TW, Lim RN, Lee YJ, Cheong JH, Kim HJ, Lee YS, Steffensen SC, Lee BH, Seo JW, Jang EY. The Abuse Potential of Novel Synthetic Phencyclidine Derivative 1-(1-(4-Fluorophenyl)Cyclohexyl)Piperidine (4'-F-PCP) in Rodents. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134631. [PMID: 32610694 PMCID: PMC7369973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The dissociative anesthetic phencyclidine (PCP) and PCP derivatives, including 4′-F-PCP, are illegally sold and abused worldwide for recreational and non-medical uses. The psychopharmacological properties and abuse potential of 4′-F-PCP have not been fully characterized. In this study, we evaluated the psychomotor, rewarding, and reinforcing properties of 4′-F-PCP using the open-field test, conditioned place preference (CPP), and self-administration paradigms in rodents. Using Western immunoblotting, we also investigated the expression of dopamine (DA)-related proteins and DA-receptor-mediated downstream signaling cascades in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) of 4′-F-PCP-self-administering rats. Intraperitoneal administration of 10 mg/kg 4′-F-PCP significantly increased locomotor and rearing activities and increased CPP in mice. Intravenous administration of 1.0 mg/kg/infusion of 4′-F-PCP significantly enhanced self-administration during a 2 h session under fixed ratio schedules, showed a higher breakpoint during a 6 h session under progressive ratio schedules of reinforcement, and significantly altered the expression of DA transporter and DA D1 receptor in the NAc of rats self-administering 1.0 mg/kg 4′-F-PCP. Additionally, the expression of phosphorylated (p) ERK, pCREB, c-Fos, and FosB/ΔFosB in the NAc was significantly enhanced by 1.0 mg/kg 4′-F-PCP self-administration. Taken together, these findings suggest that 4′-F-PCP has a high potential for abuse, given its robust psychomotor, rewarding, and reinforcing properties via activation of DAergic neurotransmission and the downstream signaling pathways in the NAc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- In Soo Ryu
- Pharmacology and Drug Abuse Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Oc-Hee Kim
- Pharmacology and Drug Abuse Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Young Eun Lee
- Pharmacology and Drug Abuse Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Ji Sun Kim
- Pharmacology and Drug Abuse Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Zhan-Hui Li
- Pharmacology and Drug Abuse Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Tae Wan Kim
- Pharmacology and Drug Abuse Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Ri-Na Lim
- Pharmacology and Drug Abuse Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- Pharmacology and Drug Abuse Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Korea
| | - Yong Sup Lee
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Scott C Steffensen
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Bong Hyo Lee
- Department of Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Acupoint, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Daegu 42158, Korea
| | - Joung-Wook Seo
- Pharmacology and Drug Abuse Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Eun Young Jang
- Pharmacology and Drug Abuse Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
Drugs of abuse can modify gene expression in brain reward and motivation centers,
which contribute to the structural and functional remodeling of these circuits that
impacts the emergence of a state of addiction. Our understanding of how addictive drugs
induce transcriptomic plasticity in addiction-relevant brain regions, particularly in
the striatum, has increased dramatically in recent years. Intracellular signaling
machineries, transcription factors, chromatin modifications, and regulatory noncoding
RNAs have all been implicated in the mechanisms through which addictive drugs act in the
brain. Here, we briefly summarize some of the molecular mechanisms through which drugs
of abuse can exert their transcriptional effects in the brain region, with an emphasis
on the role for microRNAs in this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Purva Bali
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul J Kenny
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kokane SS, Perrotti LI. Sex Differences and the Role of Estradiol in Mesolimbic Reward Circuits and Vulnerability to Cocaine and Opiate Addiction. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:74. [PMID: 32508605 PMCID: PMC7251038 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although both men and women become addicted to drugs of abuse, women transition to addiction faster, experience greater difficulties remaining abstinent, and relapse more often than men. In both humans and rodents, hormonal cycles are associated with females' faster progression to addiction. Higher concentrations and fluctuating levels of ovarian hormones in females modulate the mesolimbic reward system and influence reward-directed behavior. For example, in female rodents, estradiol (E2) influences dopamine activity within the mesolimbic reward system such that drug-directed behaviors that are normally rewarding and reinforcing become enhanced when circulating levels of E2 are high. Therefore, neuroendocrine interactions, in part, explain sex differences in behaviors motivated by drug reward. Here, we review sex differences in the physiology and function of the mesolimbic reward system in order to explore the notion that sex differences in response to drugs of abuse, specifically cocaine and opiates, are the result of molecular neuroadaptations that differentially develop depending upon the hormonal state of the animal. We also reconsider the notion that ovarian hormones, specifically estrogen/estradiol, sensitize target neurons thereby increasing responsivity when under the influence of either cocaine or opiates or in response to exposure to drug-associated cues. These adaptations may ultimately serve to guide the motivational behaviors that underlie the factors that cause women to be more vulnerable to cocaine and opiate addiction than men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh S Kokane
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Linda I Perrotti
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Müller CP. Drug instrumentalization. Behav Brain Res 2020; 390:112672. [PMID: 32442549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Psychoactive drugs with addiction potential are widely used by people of virtually all cultures in a non-addictive way. In order to understand this behaviour, its population penetrance, and its persistence, drug instrumentalization was suggested as a driving force for this consumption. Drug instrumentalization theory holds that psychoactive drugs are consumed in a very systematic way in order to make other, non-drug-related behaviours more efficient. Here, we review the evolutionary origin of this behaviour and its psychological mechanisms and explore the neurobiological and neuropharmacological mechanisms underlying them. Instrumentalization goals are discussed, for which an environmentally selective and mental state-dependent consumption of psychoactive drugs can be learned and maintained in a non-addictive way. A small percentage of people who regularly instrumentalize psychoactive drugs make a transition to addiction, which often starts with qualitative and quantitative changes in the instrumentalization goals. As such, addiction is proposed to develop from previously established long-term drug instrumentalization. Thus, preventing and treating drug addiction in an individualized medicine approach may essentially require understanding and supporting personal instrumentalization goals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Nolli LM, de Oliveira DGR, Alves SS, von Zuben MV, Pic-Taylor A, Mortari MR, Caldas ED. Effects of the hallucinogenic beverage ayahuasca on voluntary ethanol intake by rats and on cFos expression in brain areas relevant to drug addiction. Alcohol 2020; 84:67-75. [PMID: 31698029 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a hallucinogenic infusion used in religious rituals that has serotoninergic properties and may be a potential therapeutic option for drug addiction. In this study, Wistar rats had intermittent access to ethanol for 8 weeks, receiving water (control), naltrexone (NTX, 2 mg/kg body weight [bw] intraperitoneally [i.p.]) or ayahuasca (Aya) at 0.5x, 1x, or 2x the ritual dose in the final 5 days. A naïve group had access only to water. Ethanol intake was estimated throughout the experiment, and cFos expression was evaluated in medial orbital cortex (MO), ventral orbital cortex (VO), lateral orbital cortex (LO), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and striatum. Treatment with either NTX or Aya (oral) did not decrease ethanol intake compared to the baseline level (5th to 7th week), but the NTX group intake was significantly lower than controls (p < 0.05). Ethanol significantly increased cFos expression in the MO region for control (p < 0.0001), NTX (p < 0.05), Aya1 (p < 0.001), and Aya2 (p < 0.0001) groups. This increase was also observed in the VO for the Aya1 group (p = 0.035), in the LO for the Aya2 group (p < 0.01), and in NAc for NTX and ayahuasca groups (p < 0.005). Furthermore, NTX and Aya0.5 treatment decreased cFos expression compared to controls in the MO region (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively), but only the ayahuasca group reached levels not significantly different from the naïve group. Studies using other protocols and dose regime are necessary to better investigate the impact of ayahuasca on alcohol intake by rats to support the observations in humans. Additionally, the role of ayahuasca in mediating cFos expression in other selected brain regions and its relationship with the serotoninergic/dopaminergic systems and drug addiction need further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Marangni Nolli
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Danilo Gustavo Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Stefany Sousa Alves
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Pic-Taylor
- Laboratory of Embryology and Developmental Biology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Marcia Renata Mortari
- Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Eloisa Dutra Caldas
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, DF, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Malboosi N, Nasehi M, Hashemi M, Vaseghi S, Zarrindast MR. The neuroprotective effect of NeuroAid on morphine-induced amnesia with respect to the expression of TFAM, PGC-1α, ΔfosB and CART genes in the hippocampus of male Wistar rats. Gene 2020; 742:144601. [PMID: 32198124 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Morphine is a natural alkaloid which derived from the opium poppy Papaver somniferum. Many studies have reported the effect of morphine on learning, memory and gene expression. CART (cocaine-amphetamine regulated transcript)is an important neuropeptide which has a critical role in physiological processes including drug dependence and antioxidant activity. ΔfosB is a transcription factor which modulates synaptic plasticity and affects learning and memory. TFAM (the mitochondrial transcription factor A) and PGC-1α (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α) are critically involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant pathways. NeuroAid is a Chinese medicine that induces neuroprotective and anti-apoptotic effects. In this research, we aimed to investigate the effect of NeuroAid on morphine-induced amnesia with respect to the expression of TFAM, PGC-1α, ΔfosB and CART in the rat's hippocampus. In this study, Morphine sulfate (at increasing doses), Naloxone hydrochloride (2.5 mg/kg) and NeuroAid (2.5 mg/kg) were administered intraperitoneal and real-time PCR reactions were done to assess gene expression. The results showed, morphine impaired memory of step-through passive avoidance, while NeuroAid had no effect. NeuroAid attenuated (but not reversed) morphine-induced memory impairment in morphine-addicted rats. Morphine increased the expression of PGC-1α and decreased the expression of CART. However, NeuroAid increased the expression of TFAM, PGC-1α, ΔfosB and CART. NeuroAid restored the effect of morphine on the expression of CART and PGC-1α. In conclusion, morphine impaired memory of step-through passive avoidance and NeuroAid attenuated this effect. The effect of NeuroAid on morphine-induced memory impairment/gene expression may be related to its anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Malboosi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salar Vaseghi
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Amir-Almomenin Hospital, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroendocrinology, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ahmed SH, Badiani A, Miczek KA, Müller CP. Non-pharmacological factors that determine drug use and addiction. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 110:3-27. [PMID: 30179633 PMCID: PMC6395570 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Based on their pharmacological properties, psychoactive drugs are supposed to take control of the natural reward system to finally drive compulsory drug seeking and consumption. However, psychoactive drugs are not used in an arbitrary way as pure pharmacological reinforcement would suggest, but rather in a highly specific manner depending on non-pharmacological factors. While pharmacological effects of psychoactive drugs are well studied, neurobiological mechanisms of non-pharmacological factors are less well understood. Here we review the emerging neurobiological mechanisms beyond pharmacological reinforcement which determine drug effects and use frequency. Important progress was made on the understanding of how the character of an environment and social stress determine drug self-administration. This is expanded by new evidence on how behavioral alternatives and opportunities for drug instrumentalization generate different patterns of drug choice. Emerging evidence suggests that the neurobiology of non-pharmacological factors strongly determines pharmacological and behavioral drug action and may, thus, give rise for an expanded system's approach of psychoactive drug use and addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serge H Ahmed
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 146 rue Léo-Saignat, F-33000 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, UMR 5293, 146 rue Léo-Saignat, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Aldo Badiani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Sussex Addiction Research and Intervention Centre (SARIC), School of Psychology, University of Sussex, BN1 9RH Brighton, UK
| | - Klaus A Miczek
- Psychology Department, Tufts University, Bacon Hall, 530 Boston Avenue, Medford, MA 02155, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Christian P Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Clinic, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Faria MP, Laverde CF, Nunes-de-Souza RL. Anxiogenesis induced by social defeat in male mice: Role of nitric oxide, NMDA, and CRF 1 receptors in the medial prefrontal cortex and BNST. Neuropharmacology 2020; 166:107973. [PMID: 32006904 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.107973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) release in the right medial prefrontal cortex (RmPFC) produces anxiogenesis. In the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), a region that receives neuronal projections from the mPFC, NO provokes anxiety, an effect that is blocked by local injections of corticotrophin-releasing factor type 1 receptor (CRF1) or n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) antagonist. Anxiety is also enhanced by social defeat stress, and chronic stress impairs and facilitates, respectively, PFC and BNST roles in modulating behavioral responses to aversive situations. This study investigated whether the (i) chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) increases NO signaling in the mPFC; and/or (ii) anxiogenic effects provoked by the intra-RmPFC injection of NOC-9 (an NO donor) or by CSDS are prevented by intra-BNST injections of AP-7 (0.05 nmol) or CP 376395 (3.0 nmol), respectively, NMDAr and CRF1 antagonists, in male Swiss-Webster mice exposed to the elevated plus-maze (EPM). Results showed that (a) CSDS increased anxiety (i.e., reduced open-arm exploration) and repeatedly activated nNOS-containing neurons, as measured by ΔFosB (a stable nonspecific marker of neural activity) + nNOS double-labeling, in the right (but not left) mPFC, (b) NOC-9 in the RmPFC also increased anxiety, and (c) both CSDS and NOC-9 effects were reversed by injections of AP-7 or CP 376395 into the BNST. These results suggest that NMDA and CRF1 receptors located in BNST play an important role in the modulation of anxiety provoked by NO in the RmPFC, as well as by chronic social defeat in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M P Faria
- Joint Graduate Program of Physiological Sciences (PIPGCF) UFSCar-UNESP, 14800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lab. Pharmacology, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - C F Laverde
- Joint Graduate Program of Physiological Sciences (PIPGCF) UFSCar-UNESP, 14800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lab. Pharmacology, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - R L Nunes-de-Souza
- Joint Graduate Program of Physiological Sciences (PIPGCF) UFSCar-UNESP, 14800-903, Araraquara, SP, Brazil; São Paulo State University (Unesp), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lab. Pharmacology, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sadat-Shirazi MS, Asgari P, Mahboubi S, Nouri Zadeh-Tehrani S, Ashabi G, Rohbani K, Sabzevari S, Soltani H, Khalifeh S, Zarrindast MR. Effect of morphine exposure on novel object memory of the offspring: The role of histone H3 and ΔFosB. Brain Res Bull 2020; 156:141-149. [PMID: 31958477 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that alteration in histone acetylation in the regions of the brain involved in the reward which may have an important role in morphine addiction. It is well established that epigenetic changes prior to birth influence the function and development of the brain. The current study was designed to evaluate changes in novel object memory, histone acetylation and ΔFosB in the brain of the offspring of morphine-withdrawn parents. Male and female Wistar rats received morphine orally for 21 following days. After ten days of abstinent, they were prepared for mating. The male offspring of the first parturition were euthanized on postnatal days 5, 21, 30 and 60. The novel object recognition (NOR) test was performed on adult male offspring. The amount of acetylated histone H3 and ΔFosB were evaluated in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus using western blotting. Obtained results indicated that the discrimination index in the NOR test was decreased in the offspring of morphine-withdrawn parents as compared with morphine-naïve offspring. In addition, the level of acetylated histone H3 was decreased in the PFC and hippocampus in the offspring of morphine-withdrawn parents during lifetime (postnatal days 5, 21, 30 and 60). In the case of ΔFosB, it also decreased in these regions in the morphine-withdrawn offspring. These results demonstrated that parental morphine exposure affects NOR memory, and decreased the level of histone H3 acetylation and ΔFosB in the PFC and hippocampus. Taken together, the effect of morphine might be transmitted to the next generation even after stop consuming morphine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pardis Asgari
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sarah Mahboubi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ghorbangol Ashabi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kiyana Rohbani
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Sabzevari
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Soltani
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz Khalifeh
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Browne CJ, Godino A, Salery M, Nestler EJ. Epigenetic Mechanisms of Opioid Addiction. Biol Psychiatry 2020; 87:22-33. [PMID: 31477236 PMCID: PMC6898774 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Opioid use kills tens of thousands of Americans each year, devastates families and entire communities, and cripples the health care system. Exposure to opioids causes long-term changes to brain regions involved in reward processing and motivation, leading vulnerable individuals to engage in pathological drug seeking and drug taking that can remain a lifelong struggle. The persistence of these neuroadaptations is mediated in part by epigenetic remodeling of gene expression programs in discrete brain regions. Although the majority of work examining how epigenetic modifications contribute to addiction has focused on psychostimulants such as cocaine, research into opioid-induced changes to the epigenetic landscape is emerging. This review summarizes our knowledge of opioid-induced epigenetic modifications and their consequential changes to gene expression. Current evidence points toward opioids promoting higher levels of permissive histone acetylation and lower levels of repressive histone methylation as well as alterations to DNA methylation patterns and noncoding RNA expression throughout the brain's reward circuitry. Additionally, studies manipulating epigenetic enzymes in specific brain regions are beginning to build causal links between these epigenetic modifications and changes in addiction-related behavior. Moving forward, studies must leverage advanced chromatin analysis and next-generation sequencing approaches combined with bioinformatics pipelines to identify novel gene networks regulated by particular epigenetic modifications. Improved translational relevance also requires increased focus on volitional drug-intake models and standardization of opioid exposure paradigms. Such work will significantly advance our understanding of how opioids cause persistent changes to brain function and will provide a platform on which to develop interventions for treating opioid addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caleb J Browne
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| | - Arthur Godino
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Marine Salery
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Eric J Nestler
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Reséndiz‐Flores M, Escobar C. Circadian disruption favors alcohol consumption and differential ΔFosB accumulation in Corticolimbic structures. Addict Biol 2019; 24:1179-1190. [PMID: 30295391 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Shift-work and exposure to light at night lead to circadian disruption, which favors the use of alcohol and may be a risk factor for development of addictive behavior. This study evaluated in two experimental models of circadian disruption behavioral indicators of elevated alcohol intake and looked for ΔFosB, which is a transcription factor for neuronal plasticity in corticolimbic structures. Male Wistar rats were exposed to experimental shift-work (AR) or to constant light (LL) and were compared with a control group (LD). After 4 weeks in their corresponding conditions, control LD rats remained rhythmic, AR rats exhibited a loss of day-night patterns in the brain and the LL rats showed arrhythmicity in general activity and day-night PER1 patterns in corticolimbic structures. During 12 days of exposure to 10 percent alcohol solution, the AR group showed daily increased alcohol intake while LD and LL rats ingested similar amounts. After 72 h of alcohol deprivation, AR and LL rats increased alcohol intake in a binge-like test; this could be due not only to circadian disruption but also to stress and/or anxiety developed from the AR and LL manipulations. Associated to the increased alcohol intake, the AR and LL rats had significant accumulation of ΔFosB in the nucleus accumbens shell and decreased ΔFosB in the infralimbic cortex. Data here reported confirm that the disruption of temporal patterns favors the increased alcohol consumption and that this is associated with a differential accumulation of ΔFosB which may favor the development of addictive behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina Escobar
- Departamento de Anatomía, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Epigenetic Regulation of Hippocampal Fosb Expression Controls Behavioral Responses to Cocaine. J Neurosci 2019; 39:8305-8314. [PMID: 31477569 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0800-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug addiction results in part from maladaptive learning, including the formation of strong associations between the drug and the circumstances of consumption. However, drug-induced changes in gene expression underlying the saliency of these associations remain understudied. Consolidation of explicit memories occurs within the hippocampus, and we have shown that spatial learning induces expression of the transcription factor ΔFosB in hippocampus and that this induction is critical for learning. Drugs of abuse also upregulate ΔFosB in hippocampus, but the mechanism of its induction by cocaine and its role in hippocampus-dependent cocaine responses is unknown. We investigated differences in mouse dorsal and ventral hippocampal ΔFosB expression in response to chronic cocaine, because these regions appear to regulate distinct cocaine-related behaviors. We found that cocaine-mediated induction of ΔFosB was subregion-specific, and that ΔFosB transcriptional activity in both the dorsal and ventral hippocampus is necessary for cocaine conditioned place preference. Further, we characterize changes in histone modifications at the FosB promoter in hippocampus in response to chronic cocaine and found that locus-specific epigenetic modification is essential for FosB induction and multiple hippocampus-dependent behaviors, including cocaine place preference. Collectively, these findings suggest that exposure to cocaine induces histone modification at the hippocampal FosB gene promoter to cause ΔFosB induction critical for cocaine-related learning.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Although cocaine addiction is driven in part by the formation of indelible associations between the drug and the environment, paraphernalia, and circumstances of use, and although this type of associative learning is dependent upon changes in gene expression in a brain region called the hippocampus, the mechanisms by which cocaine alters hippocampal gene expression to drive formation of these associations is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that chronic cocaine engages locus-specific changes in the epigenetic profile of the FosB gene in the hippocampus, and that these alterations are required for cocaine-dependent gene expression and cocaine-environment associations. This work provides novel insight into addiction etiology and potential inroads for therapeutic intervention in cocaine addiction.
Collapse
|
43
|
De Lorme KC, Staffend-Michael NA, Simmons SC, Robison AJ, Sisk CL. Pubertal Testosterone Programs Adult Behavioral Adaptations to Sexual Experience through Infralimbic Cortex ΔFosB. eNeuro 2019; 6:ENEURO.0176-19.2019. [PMID: 31138660 PMCID: PMC6553569 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0176-19.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of social proficiency entails behavioral adaptations to social experience, including both behavioral flexibility and inhibition of behaviors inappropriate in specific social contexts. Here, we investigated the contributions of testosterone and ΔFosB, a transcription factor linked to experience-dependent neural plasticity, to the adolescent maturation of social proficiency in male-female social interactions. To determine whether pubertal testosterone organizes circuits underlying social proficiency, we first compared behavioral adaptations to sexual experience in male Syrian hamsters that were deprived of testosterone during puberty (prepubertal castration; NoT@P) to those of males deprived of testosterone for an equivalent period of time in adulthood (postpubertal castration; T@P). All males were given testosterone replacement in adulthood for two weeks before sexual behavior testing, where males were allowed to interact with a receptive female once per week for five consecutive weeks. T@P males showed the expected decrease in ectopic (mis-directed) mounts with sexual experience, whereas NoT@P males did not. In addition, sexual experience induced FosB gene products expression in the infralimbic cortex (IL) in T@P, but not NoT@P, males. Overexpression of ΔFosB via an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector in the IL of NoT@P males prior to sexual behavior testing was sufficient to produce a behavioral phenotype similar to that of experienced T@P males. Finally, overexpression of ΔFosB in IL increased the density of immature spines on IL dendrites. Our findings provide evidence that social proficiency acquired through sexual experience is organized by pubertal testosterone through the regulation of ΔFosB in the IL, possibly through increasing synaptic lability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kayla C De Lorme
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Department of Psychological Science, Gustavus Adolphus College, Saint Peter, MN 56082
| | | | - Sarah C Simmons
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Alfred J Robison
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Cheryl L Sisk
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Schoepfer KJ, Strong CE, Saland SK, Wright KN, Kabbaj M. Sex- and dose-dependent abuse liability of repeated subanesthetic ketamine in rats. Physiol Behav 2019; 203:60-69. [PMID: 29055748 PMCID: PMC5906213 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Subanesthetic ketamine (KET) elicits rapid, robust, but transient antidepressant effects. KET's antidepressant actions can be augmented and maintained for a longer duration when repeatedly delivered. However, KET is recreationally abused, raising long-term treatment safety concerns. Women are more likely than men to seek treatment for depression, escalate from casual to compulsive drug use, and are more sensitive to antidepressants. Similarly, female rodents are more sensitive than males to KET's rapid antidepressant-like behavioral effects; dose-response thresholds in these assays equal 2.5 and 5.0mg/kg (i.p.), respectively. This suggests the utility of preclinical rodent models in optimizing sex-differential KET therapy protocols and minimizing adverse drug reactions. OBJECTIVES Here, we assessed behavioral and biochemical correlates of abuse liability following six serial KET treatments on alternating days at three subanesthetic, antidepressant-like doses (2.5, 5.0, or 10mg/kg, i.p.) in adult male and female rats. A potential role for ΔFosB-mediated transcription in the nucleus accumbens is outlined in the context of KET-mediated locomotor sensitization. RESULTS Antidepressant-like threshold doses (2.5, 5.0mg/kg KET) failed to evoke a conditioned place preference in all animals, but only males positively responded to a higher dose (10mg/kg). Behavioral sensitization to 5.0 or 10mg/kg KET's locomotor-activating effects was established in both sexes, and females' sensitized response to 5.0mg/kg was greater than males'. KET-induced hyperlocomotion positively correlated with ΔFosB protein expression in the nucleus accumbens. rAAV-ΔJunD inhibition of ΔFosB-mediated transcription in the accumbens failed to block locomotor sensitization to 10mg/kg KET. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that in rats, six alternating-day treatments with 2.5mg/kg KET do not induce apparent behavioral signatures of abuse liability despite accumulation of ΔFosB protein in the accumbens. Additionally, females are more sensitive than males to KET's locomotor-stimulant properties, both acutely and after repeated treatments. More studies are needed to determine brain regions and neural mechanisms responsible for KET-induced behavioral adaptations and to extrapolate these data to inform sex-dependent strategies for long-term KET therapy protocols for depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin J Schoepfer
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Caroline E Strong
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Samantha K Saland
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Katherine N Wright
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Mohamed Kabbaj
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA; College of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Treatment Does Not Reduce Abuse-Related Effects of Opioid Drugs. eNeuro 2019; 6:eN-NRS-0443-18. [PMID: 31058214 PMCID: PMC6498420 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0443-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dependence on opioids and the number of opioid overdose deaths are serious and escalating public health problems, but medication-assisted treatments for opioid addiction remain inadequate for many patients. Glucagon-like pepide-1 (GLP-1) is a gut hormone and neuropeptide with actions in peripheral tissues and in the brain, including regulation of blood glucose and food intake. GLP-1 analogs, which are approved diabetes medications, can reduce the reinforcing and rewarding effects of alcohol, cocaine, amphetamine, and nicotine in rodents. Investigations on effects of GLP-1 analogs on opioid reward and reinforcement have not been reported. We assessed the effects of the GLP-1 receptor agonist Exendin-4 (Ex4) on opioid-related behaviors in male mice, i.e., morphine-conditioned place preference (CPP), intravenous self-administration (IVSA) of the short-acting synthetic opioid remifentanil, naltrexone-precipitated morphine withdrawal, morphine analgesia (male and female mice), and locomotor activity. Ex4 treatment had no effect on morphine-induced CPP, withdrawal, or hyperlocomotion. Ex4 failed to decrease remifentanil self-administration, if anything reinforcing effects of remifentanil appeared increased in Ex4-treated mice relative to saline. Ex4 did not significantly affect analgesia. In contrast, Ex4 dose dependently decreased oral alcohol self-administration, and suppressed spontaneous locomotor activity. Taken together, Ex4 did not attenuate the addiction-related behavioral effects of opioids, indicating that GLP-1 analogs would not be useful medications in the treatment of opioid addiction. This difference between opioids and other drug classes investigated to date may shed light on the mechanism of action of GLP-1 receptor treatment in the addictive effects of alcohol, central stimulants, and nicotine.
Collapse
|
46
|
Wscieklica T, Le Sueur-Maluf L, Prearo L, Conte R, Viana MDB, Céspedes IC. Chronic intermittent ethanol administration differentially alters DeltaFosB immunoreactivity in cortical-limbic structures of rats with high and low alcohol preference. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2019; 45:264-275. [DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2019.1569667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Wscieklica
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Le Sueur-Maluf
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro Prearo
- Pró-Reitor de Graduação, Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul (USCS), São Caetano do Sul, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Conte
- Departamento de Neurociências e Neurocirurgia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Milena de Barros Viana
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina Céspedes
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Robins MT, Blaine AT, Ha JE, Brewster AL, van Rijn RM. Repeated Use of the Psychoactive Substance Ethylphenidate Impacts Neurochemistry and Reward Learning in Adolescent Male and Female Mice. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:124. [PMID: 30837836 PMCID: PMC6389692 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Schedule II prescription psychostimulants, such as methylphenidate (MPH), can be misused as nootropic drugs, i.e., drugs that enhance focus and cognition. When users are unable to obtain these prescribed medications, they may seek out novel psychoactive substances (NPSs) that are not yet scheduled. An example of a NPS reportedly being abused is ethylphenidate (EPH), a close analog of MPH but with a higher preference for the dopamine transporter compared with the norepinephrine transporter. Therefore, based upon this pharmacological profile and user self-reports, we hypothesized that repeated EPH exposure in adolescent mice may be rewarding and alter cognition. Here, we report that repeated exposure to 15 mg/kg EPH decreased spatial cognitive performance as assessed by the Barnes maze spatial learning task in adolescent male C57Bl/6 mice; however, male mice did not show alterations in the expression of mature BDNF - a protein associated with increased cognitive function - in key brain regions. Acute EPH exposure induced hyperlocomotion at a high dose (15 mg/kg, i.p.), but not a low dose (5 mg/kg, i.p.). Interestingly, mice exhibited significant conditioned place preference at the low EPH dose, suggesting that even non-stimulating doses of EPH are rewarding. In both males and females, repeated EPH exposure increased expression of deltaFosB - a marker associated with increased risk of drug abuse - in the dorsal striatum, nucleus accumbens, and prefrontal cortex. Overall, our results suggest that repeated EPH use in adolescence is psychostimulatory, rewarding, increases crucial brain markers of reward-related behaviors, and may negatively impact spatial performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meridith T Robins
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Arryn T Blaine
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jiwon E Ha
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Amy L Brewster
- Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Richard M van Rijn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Interdisciplinary Life Sciences Graduate Program, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Atehortua-Martinez LA, Masniere C, Campolongo P, Chasseigneaux S, Callebert J, Zwergel C, Mai A, Laplanche JL, Chen H, Etheve-Quelquejeu M, Mégarbane B, Benturquia N. Acute and chronic neurobehavioral effects of the designer drug and bath salt constituent 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone in the rat. J Psychopharmacol 2019; 33:392-405. [PMID: 30644332 DOI: 10.1177/0269881118822151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The substantial increase in use of 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), a popular recreational synthetic cathinone, has raised legitimate questions about its behavioral consequences and abuse liability. AIMS The aim of this study was to study MDPV-induced neurobehavioral effects in the rat, using different paradigms traditionally developed to study drug-attributed addictive properties. METHODS Different patterns of intraperitoneal 3 mg/kg MDPV administration were investigated. Consequences on rat horizontal locomotion and behavior of acute, intermittent (once daily dosing over 10 days), and binge (three-time daily dosing for 3 days) MDPV administration as well as challenge after 10 day MDPV withdrawal were studied. The dopamine receptor-D1 antagonist, SCH23390, was bilaterally infused in the nucleus accumbens to determine the role of D1-receptors in MDPV-related effects on the associative memory recall using the conditioned place preference paradigm. In addition, in a separate experience using western blot, we investigated the effects of chronic MDPV administration (four injections during 24 h) on ΔFosB expression in the nucleus accumbens, caudate putamen, and prefrontal cortex. RESULTS Acute MDPV administration increased stereotypies and open arm entries in the elevated plus maze while SCH23390 abolished MDPV-induced enhancing effects on memory consolidation. Intermittent MDPV administration resulted in sensitization of MDPV-induced locomotor effects and tolerance during the following challenge. With binge MDPV administration, locomotor activity was not altered despite tolerance onset after challenge. SCH23390 abolished MDPV-induced conditioned place preference. Chronic MDPV administration induced ΔFosB accumulation in the nucleus accumbens, caudate putamen, and prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS Our findings clearly show that MDPV produces profound behavioral alterations mediated by the activation of the dopaminergic system similarly to other amphetamines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cyriaque Masniere
- 1 Inserm, UMR-S 1144, Paris-Descartes and Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Patrizia Campolongo
- 2 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome and IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Jacques Callebert
- 1 Inserm, UMR-S 1144, Paris-Descartes and Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Clemens Zwergel
- 3 Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Mai
- 3 Department of Chemistry and Technology of Drugs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Jean-Louis Laplanche
- 1 Inserm, UMR-S 1144, Paris-Descartes and Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Huixiong Chen
- 4 CNRS, UMR8601, Laboratory of Chemistry and Pharmacological and Toxicological Biochemistry, CBNIT, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Mélanie Etheve-Quelquejeu
- 4 CNRS, UMR8601, Laboratory of Chemistry and Pharmacological and Toxicological Biochemistry, CBNIT, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Mégarbane
- 1 Inserm, UMR-S 1144, Paris-Descartes and Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France.,5 Department of Medical and Toxicological Critical Care, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Benturquia
- 1 Inserm, UMR-S 1144, Paris-Descartes and Paris-Diderot University, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Solinas M, Belujon P, Fernagut PO, Jaber M, Thiriet N. Dopamine and addiction: what have we learned from 40 years of research. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 126:481-516. [PMID: 30569209 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1957-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Among the neurotransmitters involved in addiction, dopamine (DA) is clearly the best known. The critical role of DA in addiction is supported by converging evidence that has been accumulated in the last 40 years. In the present review, first we describe the dopaminergic system in terms of connectivity, functioning and involvement in reward processes. Second, we describe the functional, structural, and molecular changes induced by drugs within the DA system in terms of neuronal activity, synaptic plasticity and transcriptional and molecular adaptations. Third, we describe how genetic mouse models have helped characterizing the role of DA in addiction. Fourth, we describe the involvement of the DA system in the vulnerability to addiction and the interesting case of addiction DA replacement therapy in Parkinson's disease. Finally, we describe how the DA system has been targeted to treat patients suffering from addiction and the result obtained in clinical settings and we discuss how these different lines of evidence have been instrumental in shaping our understanding of the physiopathology of drug addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Solinas
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France.
| | - Pauline Belujon
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France
| | - Pierre Olivier Fernagut
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France
| | - Mohamed Jaber
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France
- CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - Nathalie Thiriet
- Université de Poitiers, INSERM, U-1084, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Expérimentales et Cliniques, Poitiers, France
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bisagno V, Cadet JL. Expression of immediate early genes in brain reward circuitries: Differential regulation by psychostimulant and opioid drugs. Neurochem Int 2018; 124:10-18. [PMID: 30557593 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although some of the clinical manifestations of substance use disorders might be superficially similar, it is highly likely that different classes of abused drugs including opioids (heroin, morphine, and oxycodone, other opioids) and psychostimulants (cocaine and amphetamines) cause different neuroadaptations in various brain regions dependent in the distribution and concentration of their biochemical sites of actions. In fact, different molecular networks are indeed impacted by acute and chronic administration of addictive substances. Some of the genes whose expression is influenced by the administration of these substances are immediate-early genes (IEGs). IEGs include classes of low expression genes that can become very highly induced within seconds or minutes of activation by endogenous or exogenous stimuli. These IEGs might play important roles in activating target genes that regulate adaptations implicated in the behavioral manifestations diagnosed as addiction. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to provide an overview of recent data on the effects of psychostimulants and opioids on IEG expression in the brain. The review documents some contrasting effects of these classes of drugs on gene expression and indicates that further studies are necessary to identify the specific effects of each drug class when trying to predict clinical responses to therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Bisagno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacológicas (ININFA-UBA-CONICET), Junín 956, piso 5, C1113, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- NIDA Intramural Program, Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
| |
Collapse
|