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Hiller BE, Yin Y, Perng YC, de Araujo Castro Í, Fox LE, Locke MC, Monte KJ, López CB, Ornitz DM, Lenschow DJ. Fibroblast growth factor-9 expression in airway epithelial cells amplifies the type I interferon response and alters influenza A virus pathogenesis. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010228. [PMID: 35675358 PMCID: PMC9212157 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) preferentially infects conducting airway and alveolar epithelial cells in the lung. The outcome of these infections is impacted by the host response, including the production of various cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. Fibroblast growth factor-9 (FGF9) is required for lung development, can display antiviral activity in vitro, and is upregulated in asymptomatic patients during early IAV infection. We therefore hypothesized that FGF9 would protect the lungs from respiratory virus infection and evaluated IAV pathogenesis in mice that overexpress FGF9 in club cells in the conducting airway epithelium (FGF9-OE mice). However, we found that FGF9-OE mice were highly susceptible to IAV and Sendai virus infection compared to control mice. FGF9-OE mice displayed elevated and persistent viral loads, increased expression of cytokines and chemokines, and increased numbers of infiltrating immune cells as early as 1 day post-infection (dpi). Gene expression analysis showed an elevated type I interferon (IFN) signature in the conducting airway epithelium and analysis of IAV tropism uncovered a dramatic shift in infection from the conducting airway epithelium to the alveolar epithelium in FGF9-OE lungs. These results demonstrate that FGF9 signaling primes the conducting airway epithelium to rapidly induce a localized IFN and proinflammatory cytokine response during viral infection. Although this response protects the airway epithelial cells from IAV infection, it allows for early and enhanced infection of the alveolar epithelium, ultimately leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Our study illuminates a novel role for FGF9 in regulating respiratory virus infection and pathogenesis. Influenza viruses are respiratory viruses that cause significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the lungs, influenza A virus primarily infects epithelial cells that line the conducting airways and alveoli. Fibroblast growth factor-9 (FGF9) is a growth factor that has been shown to have antiviral activity and is upregulated during early IAV infection in asymptomatic patients, leading us to hypothesize that FGF9 would protect the lung epithelium from IAV infection. However, mice that express and secrete FGF9 from club cells in the conducting airway had more severe respiratory virus infection and a hyperactive inflammatory immune response as early as 1 day post-infection. Analysis of the FGF9-expressing airway epithelial cells found an elevated antiviral and inflammatory interferon signature, which protected these cells from severe IAV infection. However, heightened infection of alveolar cells resulted in excessive inflammation in the alveoli, resulting in more severe disease and death. Our study identifies a novel antiviral and inflammatory role for FGFs in the lung airway epithelium and confirms that early and robust IAV infection of alveolar cells results in more severe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley E Hiller
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Yongjun Yin
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, Unites States of America
| | - Yi-Chieh Perng
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ítalo de Araujo Castro
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Center for Women Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, Unites States of America
| | - Lindsey E Fox
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Marissa C Locke
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kristen J Monte
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Carolina B López
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Center for Women Infectious Disease Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, Unites States of America
| | - David M Ornitz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, Unites States of America
| | - Deborah J Lenschow
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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Salmi L, Barbaglia MN, Smirne C, Bianco S, Guaschino G, Crobu MGS, Minisini R, Pirisi M. Detrimental Impact of Interferon-Based Regimens for Chronic Hepatitis C on Vitamin D/Parathyroid Hormone Homeostasis. Open Rheumatol J 2018. [DOI: 10.2174/1874312901812010279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Both the anti-infective and anti-inflammatory properties of vitamin D, an essential hormone of calcium homeostasis, have ample support in the literature. The high rates of vitamin D deficiency among patients with chronic hepatitis C are also well known. That supplementation with vitamin D may boost sustained viral response rates in vitamin D deficient, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected patients undergoing Interferon-alpha (IFN) treatment, on the other hand, is controversial. Surprisingly, studies considering in this latter setting what are the effects of IFN treatment (with or without vitamin D supplementation) on the other major regulator of mineral metabolism, i.e. the Parathyroid hormone (PTH), are lacking.
Aim:
Evaluate the impact of interferon-based treatment against HCV (±cholecalciferol supplementation) on vitamin D and PTH homeostasis.
Methods:
A series of 40 consecutive patients received pegylated IFN plus ribavirin to treat chronic hepatitis C. At the discretion of their physician, some of them (N. = 27) received vitamin D supplementation while others did not (N. = 13). All had measured plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and PTH concentrations at baseline, at completion of the 4th (TW4) and 12th treatment week (TW12) and at 24 weeks after the end of therapy (SVR24).
Results:
Plasma PTH concentration increased significantly from baseline during treatment, raising to 44.8 [30.7-57.2] pg/mL at TW4 (p=0.01), 47.0 [37.1-63.2] pg/mL at TW12 (p=0.006) to return to baseline levels in the follow-up (34.5 [27.6-43.0]; p=0.16). The proportion of patients who satisfied criteria for hyperparathyroidism was higher at TW12 (N=10, 25%) than at TW4 (N=6, 15%). There was no statistical correlation between vitamin D and PTH blood levels (ρ=-0.07; p=0.65).
Conclusion:
An increase in plasma PTH occurs systematically during IFN treatment of HCV patients and cannot be prevented by vitamin D supplementation.
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Go RS, Lee SJ, Shin D, Callister SM, Jobe DA, Conry RM, Tarhini AA, Kirkwood JM. ECOG phase II trial of graded-dose peginterferon α-2b in patients with metastatic melanoma overexpressing basic fibroblast growth factor (E2602). Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:6597-604. [PMID: 24122792 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated the use of graded-dose peginterferon α-2b (Peg-IFN) in patients with stage IV melanoma overexpressing basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2). The primary objective was suppression of plasma FGF-2 to within reference range (≤ 7.5 pg/mL). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Plasma FGF-2 was measured at baseline (step 1), and patients with concentrations of 15 pg/mL or more were eligible for study treatment (step 2). Peg-IFN was given weekly at a starting dose of 0.5 μg/kg/wk with increment every 3 weeks based on serial FGF-2 concentrations. RESULTS Two hundred seven patients entered step 1; 45 (22%) overexpressed FGF-2 (median = 22 pg/dL). Twenty-nine eligible patients entered step 2 and received treatment. Patients' median age was 64 years (range, 29-84 years). Most had more than two prior therapies. FGF-2 decreased in 28 (97%) patients, with suppression to reference range in 10 (35%). Median time to FGF-2 suppression was 30 days. The best clinical responses were partial response (7%) and stable disease (17%). Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 2.0 and 9.7 months, respectively. Patients who achieved FGF-2 suppression were more likely than those who did not to have a response or stable disease (P = 0.03). VEGF concentrations decreased in 27 patients (93%) during treatment and paralleled those of FGF-2 over time. We found no compensatory increase in VEGF among those with FGF-2 suppression. CONCLUSIONS Graded-dose Peg-IFN suppresses FGF-2 in patients with metastatic melanoma who overexpress FGF-2. Over one third of patients had complete suppression of plasma FGF-2, which correlated with clinical response to this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald S Go
- Authors' Affiliations: Gundersen Health System; Gundersen Medical Foundation, La Crosse, Wisconsin; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; University of Alabama Comprehensive Cancer Center, Birmingham, Alabama; and University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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Olin J, Abman S, Grady R, Ivy D, Lovell M, Partrick D, Balasubramaniam V. A 7-year-old with pulmonary hypertension. BMJ Case Rep 2011; 2011:bcr0220113843. [PMID: 21897452 DOI: 10.1136/bcr.02.2011.3843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The authors discuss the case of a 7-year-old female who presented with exertional cyanosis and was found to have pulmonary arterial hypertension. Despite normal left-sided heart function, the patient developed pulmonary oedema in response to pulmonary vasodilator therapy, increasing suspicion for pathology in the pulmonary capillaries and veins. Lung biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of pulmonary capillary haemangiomatosis (PCH), a rare cause of pulmonary hypertension in both children and adults. The diagnosis requires lung biopsy and is often made postmortem. She was treated with interferon α-2a and doxycycline for their antiangiogenic properties and reports of disease regression. Although she initially demonstrated improvement in her pulmonary hypertension in response to these medications, she succumbed to the disease within the time frame previously reported for PCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Olin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Inglefield JR, Dumitru CD, Alkan SS, Gibson SJ, Lipson KE, Tomai MA, Larson CJ, Vasilakos JP. TLR7 agonist 852A inhibition of tumor cell proliferation is dependent on plasmacytoid dendritic cells and type I IFN. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2008; 28:253-63. [PMID: 18439103 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2007.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Antitumor effects of the toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist, 852A, were evaluated. Supernatants from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with 852A inhibited the proliferation of tumor cell lines Hs294T and 769-P but had no effect on others (786-O and Caki-1). Because addition of 852A directly to the Hs294T cells did not inhibit their proliferation, the mechanism(s) of inhibition of tumor cell proliferation was investigated. Low nanomolar concentrations of 852A stimulated the production of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha), IFN-inducible protein-10 (IP-10), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) from human PBMCs. Cytokines stimulated by submicromolar concentrations of 852A were sufficient to inhibit Hs294T proliferation. At higher concentrations (3-30 microM), 852A induced the production of IL-12p70, IL-18, and IFN-gamma. PBMC cultures depleted of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) did not produce IFN-alpha, and their conditioned medium did not inhibit Hs294T proliferation. Anti-IFN-alpha/beta receptor (IFNAR) and anti-IFN-alpha antibodies partially abrogated Hs294T proliferation inhibition by 852A-stimulated PBMC supernatants, whereas separate neutralization of TRAIL, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, IFN-beta, or IFN-omega had no effect. In vivo, six doses of 852A administration significantly delayed the onset of lung colonies in a B16 melanoma model. Thus, the results demonstrate that the TLR7 agonist 852A inhibits in vitro proliferation of some tumor cells in a pDC-dependent and IFN-alpha-dependent manner and can delay tumor growth in vivo.
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Fannon M, Forsten-Williams K, Nugent MA, Gregory KJ, Chu CL, Goerges-Wildt AL, Panigrahy D, Kaipainen A, Barnes C, Lapp C, Shing Y. Sucrose octasulfate regulates fibroblast growth factor-2 binding, transport, and activity: potential for regulation of tumor growth. J Cell Physiol 2008; 215:434-41. [PMID: 18163458 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The antithrombotic activity of heparin has largely been credited with the success found in some cancer treatment by heparin. There are, however, many potent growth factors involved in tumor and blood vessel growth that bind to heparin with high affinity and their regulation by heparin may play a role in heparin's efficacy. We therefore chose to study the activity of a heparin analog, sucrose octasulfate (SOS), which has been similarly shown to interact with heparin-binding growth factors. Using mouse melanoma and lung carcinoma models, we demonstrate in vivo inhibition of tumor growth by SOS. SOS, however, showed little effect in coagulation assays indicating that this activity was not a primary mechanism of action for this molecule. Studies were then performed to assess the effect of SOS on basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) activity, a growth factor which promotes tumor and blood vessel growth and is produced by B16 melanoma cells. SOS potently inhibited FGF-2 binding to endothelial cells and stripped pre-bound FGF-2 from cells. SOS also regulated FGF-2 stimulated proliferation. Further, SOS facilitated FGF-2 diffusion through Descemet's membrane, a heparan sulfate-rich basement membrane from the cornea, suggesting a possible role in FGF-2 clearance. Our results suggest that molecules such as SOS have the potential to remove growth factors from tumor microenvironments and the approach offers an attractive area for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fannon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
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Solti M, Berd D, Mastrangelo MJ, Sato T. A pilot study of low-dose thalidomide and interferon alpha-2b in patients with metastatic melanoma who failed prior treatment. Melanoma Res 2007; 17:225-31. [PMID: 17625452 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0b013e32823ed0d1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma is a hypervascular tumor and angiogenesis plays a critical role in the development/progression of metastases. As various pathways are involved in tumor angiogenesis, a combination of agents with different antiangiogenesis activities is a reasonable approach. To determine the efficacy and toxicity of combination treatment with low-dose thalidomide and low-dose interferon (IFN) in patients with stage IV melanoma who failed prior treatment(s), fifteen patients with metastatic melanoma (nine cutaneous, six uveal) received oral thalidomide (200 mg daily) with subcutaneous interferon (IFN)-alpha2b (3 MIU, 3x/week). Stabilization or regression of metastases (as evidenced by computed tomographic measurement) was the primary endpoint of the study. Patients were evaluated monthly for toxicity and every 2 months for clinical response. At a median follow-up of 22.8 months (range, 12-32 months), one patient with metastatic cutaneous melanoma achieved partial response, three patients achieved stable disease (one uveal, two cutaneous), nine patients progressed, and two were not evaluable. The time to progression was 6 months for the patient with partial response, and 2, 5.5+ and 11 months for three patients with stable disease. The estimated median overall survival was 4.7 months (confidence interval, 2.2-9.9 months; range, 0.9-31.5 months), and median progression-free survival was 1.8 months (confidence interval, 1.5-3.0 months; range, 0.5-14 months). Grade 3 toxicities related to treatment included neutropenia (n=5), elevation of transaminases (n=2), and neuropathy (n=1). No treatment-related deaths were experienced. Thalidomide+IFN is a safe and tolerable palliative treatment for previously treated stage IV melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdolna Solti
- Division of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107, USA
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Takemoto Y, Yano H, Momosaki S, Ogasawara S, Nishida N, Kojiro S, Kamura T, Kojiro M. Antiproliferative effects of interferon-alphaCon1 on ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 10:7418-26. [PMID: 15534119 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-04-0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the antiproliferative effect of IFN-alphaCon1 and its mechanism on ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN (a) The effects of IFN-alphaCon1 on growth, morphology, cell cycle, and type I IFN-alpha receptor (IFNAR-2) expression were examined on two ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma cell lines (KOC-5C and KOC-7C) in vitro. (b) KOC-5C or KOC-7C cells were transplanted into nude mice, and changes in tumor volume, tumor weight, apoptosis, necrosis, and microvessel density were investigated. The expression of angiogenesis factors was examined in the serum and the developed tumors. RESULTS Both cell lines expressed IFNAR-2 mRNA, but its protein was detected only in KOC-7C. In KOC-7C cells, antiproliferative effects were observed in a time- and dose-dependent manner and cell division was blocked at the S phase. The KOC-7C tumors showed decreases in tumor volume and weight; a decreasing tendency in basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), vascular endothelial growth factor, and interleukin (IL)-8 protein expression in the tumor; a significant decrease in bFGF and IL-8 protein expression in the serum, and of microvessel density; and significant increase in apoptosis and necrosis in the tumor. In the KOC-5C tumors, these in vitro and in vivo changes were not apparent, and the antiproliferative effects of IFN-alphaCon1 were not obvious. CONCLUSIONS IFN-alphaCon1 suppresses tumor proliferation by inducing apoptosis, blocking the cell cycle, and inhibiting tumor angiogenesis. Our findings show that the clinical efficacy of IFN-alphaCon1 can be predicted by examining IFNAR-2 expression on tumor cells, and the efficacy of IFN-alphaCon1 treatment can be evaluated by measuring serum bFGF and IL-8 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Takemoto
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Research Center of Innovative Cancer Therapy of the 21st Century COE Program for Medical Science, Kurume University, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Prell RA, Li B, Lin JM, VanRoey M, Jooss K. Administration of IFN-alpha enhances the efficacy of a granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor-secreting tumor cell vaccine. Cancer Res 2005; 65:2449-56. [PMID: 15781661 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-1975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
IFN-alpha is approved for the treatment of multiple cancers. Its pleiotropic properties include inhibition of proliferation and angiogenesis and induction of apoptosis. Type I IFNs also exert immunomodulatory effects, which make it an appropriate candidate to combine with cancer vaccines. The studies reported herein show that 50% of mice reject established B16 tumors following treatment with the combination of a granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor-secreting tumor cell vaccine (B16.GM) and subclinical doses of recombinant murine IFN-alpha delivered at the vaccine site. Similarly, 80% of mice treated with the combination reject established B16 tumors when recombinant murine IFN-alpha is given at the challenge site, suggesting that in the latter case its antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and antiangiogenic properties may be involved in controlling tumor growth. In contrast, fewer than 10% of mice reject the tumors when either one is used as a monotherapy. Furthermore, a 30-fold increase in the frequency of melanoma-associated antigen (Trp-2 and gp100) specific T cells was observed in mice treated with the combination when compared with unvaccinated controls. These data show that IFN-alpha combined with a granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor-secreting tumor cell vaccine significantly enhances vaccine potency and may represent a potential new approach for tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodney A Prell
- Department of Preclinical Oncology and Immunology, Cell Genesys, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
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Wu WZ, Sun HC, Shen YF, Chen J, Wang L, Tang ZY, Iliakis G, Liu KD. Interferon alpha 2a down-regulates VEGF expression through PI3 kinase and MAP kinase signaling pathways. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2004; 131:169-78. [PMID: 15662525 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-004-0615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2004] [Accepted: 07/07/2004] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An earlier report demonstrated that interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) inhibited tumor growth and recurrence in an MHCC97 xenograft model in nude mice by suppressing tumor angiogenesis rather than by inhibiting tumor cell proliferation. However, the underlying molecular mechanism was not fully elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that IFN-alpha 2a could down-regulate VEGF expression both in mRNA and in protein levels, as well as down-regulating HIF-1 alpha mRNA expression in MHCC97 cells in vitro. A cDNA micro array analysis followed by Northern and Western blot analysis revealed that PI3 kinase and MAP kinase signaling pathways might be inhibited by IFN-alpha 2a. Blocking the function of IFN-alpha receptor with a specific peptide could eliminate the inhibitory effects of IFN-alpha 2a on VEGF expression. In addition, wortmannin and PD098059, respective inhibitors of the PI3 kinase and the MAP kinase signaling pathways, when used independently or in combination, could also down-regulate the VEGF synthesis and secretion in a similar pattern of IFN-alpha 2a. These observations may lead to the conclusion that IFN-alpha 2a could suppress VEGF synthesis and secretion by down-regulating HIF-1 alpha expression, via inhibition of the PI3 kinase and/or the MAP kinase signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Zhong Wu
- Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 136 Yi Xue Yuan Road, 200032 Shanghai, P.R.China
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Hisaka T, Yano H, Ogasawara S, Momosaki S, Nishida N, Takemoto Y, Kojiro S, Katafuchi Y, Kojiro M. Interferon-alphaCon1 suppresses proliferation of liver cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. J Hepatol 2004; 41:782-9. [PMID: 15519651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2004.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2003] [Revised: 05/14/2004] [Accepted: 07/02/2004] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS We investigated the effects of consensus interferon (IFN-alphaCon1), a nonnaturally occurring type I interferon with higher specific activity than other type I IFNs, on the growth of human liver cancer cells. METHODS The effect of IFN-alphaCon1 on the proliferation of 13 liver cancer cell lines was investigated in vitro. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells (KIM-1 and HAK-1B) were transplanted subcutaneously into the back of nude mice, then IFN-alphaCon1 was subcutaneously administered to the mice once a day for 2 weeks, and tumor volume and histology were examined. RESULTS IFN-alphaCon1 expressed a dose-dependent growth inhibitory effect in all cell lines in vitro. KIM-1 tumor volume in mice that received 0.01 microg (10(4)IU)/mouse/day of IFN-alphaCon1 (similar to the clinical dose for chronic hepatitis C) was 62% of the control, 0.1microg/mouse/day resulted in 26%, and 1 microg/mouse/day resulted in 10%. HAK-1B tumor volume under the same treatment was 61, 24 and 0% of the control, respectively. The number of apoptotic cells significantly increased and the number of blood vessels significantly decreased with the increase in IFN-alphaCon1 dose. CONCLUSIONS IFN-alphaCon1 suppressed HCC growth in nude mice. These data indicate the potential clinical application of IFN-alphaCon1 in the prevention and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Hisaka
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Research Center of Innovative Cancer Therapy of the 21 Century COE Program for Medical Science, Kurume University, 67 Asahi-machi, 830-0011 Kurume, Japan
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Rosini P, Bonaccorsi L, Baldi E, Chiasserini C, Forti G, De Chiara G, Lucibello M, Mongiat M, Iozzo RV, Garaci E, Cozzolino F, Torcia MG. Androgen receptor expression induces FGF2, FGF-binding protein production, and FGF2 release in prostate carcinoma cells: role of FGF2 in growth, survival, and androgen receptor down-modulation. Prostate 2002; 53:310-21. [PMID: 12430142 DOI: 10.1002/pros.10164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) production and/or FGF receptors expression have been described to play key roles in prostate tumor progression, particularly in androgen-independent tumors. However, the role of androgen receptor (AR) in altering FGF-mediated growth and survival of prostatic neoplastic cells has not been completely defined. In this study, we investigated the alterations in FGF2 production and utilization by the PC3 cell line, after transfection with a full-length AR. METHODS FGF1,2,7, FGF-binding protein (FGF-BP) production and FGF receptor (FGFR) 1-4 expression were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blot analysis. RESULTS De novo AR expression by PC3 cells restores FGFR2 IIIb isoform expression and sensitivity to FGF7 and FGF2. Androgen stimulation induces AR+ PC3 clones to secrete FGF-BP, likely responsible for activation and mobilization from the extracellular matrix of the high amounts of FGF2 produced by the same cells. In addition to the effects on cell proliferation, FGF2 maintains the survival of AR+ PC3 clones through a positive modulation of the Bcl-2 protein and down-modulates AR protein expression, allowing the escape of selected clones from androgen regulation. CONCLUSION In the presence of an active AR, the combined production of FGF2 and FGF-BP may play an important role in the progression of prostate cancer through the selection of AR- clones expressing high levels of Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Rosini
- Department of Clinical Physiopathology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Sakurai T, Misawa E, Tanaka-Douzono M, Hagesita H, Nomaguchi K, Tetsuya K, Suzu S, Yamada M, Hayasawa H, Motoyoshi K. Effect of coadministration of M-CSF and IFN-alpha on NK1.1+ cells in mice. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2002; 22:701-8. [PMID: 12162882 DOI: 10.1089/10799900260100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of coadministration of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) on NK1.1(+) cells in mice. Administration of M-CSF, but not IFN-alpha, increased the number of NK1.1(+) cells and CD11b(+) cells in spleen and blood. Coadministration of the two agents induced a greater increase in NK1.1(+) cells than did administration of M-CSF alone. Administration of M-CSF or IFN-alpha augmented the clearance activity of Yac-1 cells in lung, and coadministration of these agents further augmented this effect. The combination of M-CSF and IFN-alpha effectively reduced the formation of tumor nodules in lung and liver in an experimental metastasis model using B16 melanoma. The combination of M-CSF and IFN-alpha induced the increase and activation of NK1.1(+) cells more than either agent alone. These effects may contribute to the antimetastatic reaction by NK1.1(+) cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Sakurai
- Biochemical Research Laboratory, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-Chome Higashihara Zama-city, Kanagawa pref., Japan.
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Liu D, Shriver Z, Venkataraman G, El Shabrawi Y, Sasisekharan R. Tumor cell surface heparan sulfate as cryptic promoters or inhibitors of tumor growth and metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2002; 99:568-73. [PMID: 11805315 PMCID: PMC117346 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.012578299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans, present at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix that surrounds cells, are important mediators of complex biological processes. Furthermore, it is now apparent that cells dynamically regulate the structure of their heparan sulfate "coat" to differentially regulate extracellular signals. In the present study, the importance of sequence information contained within tumor cell-surface heparan sulfate was investigated. Herein, we demonstrate that the heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycan coat present on tumor cells contains bioactive sequences that impinge on tumor-cell growth and metastasis. Importantly, we find that growth promoting as well as growth inhibiting sequences are contained within the polysaccharide coat. Furthermore, we find that the dynamic balance between these distinct polysaccharide populations regulates specific intracellular signal-transduction pathways. This study not only provides a framework for the development of polysaccharide-based anti-cancer molecules but also underscores the importance of understanding a cell's polysaccharide array in addition to its protein complement, to understand how genotype translates to phenotype in this post-genomic age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Liu
- Division of Bioengineering and Environmental Health, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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