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Tobin SW, Seneviratne D, Phan L, Seegobin M, Rico AL, Westby B, Kisiala A, Martic S, Brunetti CR, Emery RJN. Profiling of adenine-derived signaling molecules, cytokinins, in myotubes reveals fluctuations in response to lipopolysaccharide-induced cell stress. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15870. [PMID: 38040455 PMCID: PMC10691934 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokinins (CTKs) are a diverse collection of evolutionarily conserved adenine-derived signaling molecules classically studied as phytohormones; however, their roles and production have been less studied in mammalian systems. Skeletal muscles are sensitive to cellular cues such as inflammation and in response, alter their secretome to regulate the muscle stem cell and myofiber niche. Using cultured C2C12 muscle cells, we profiled CTK levels to understand (1) whether CTKs are part of the muscle secretome and (2) whether CTKs are responsive to cellular stress. To induce cellular stress, C2C12 myotubes were treated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) for 24 h and then media and cell fractions were collected for ultra high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (UHPLC-(ESI+)-HRMS/MS) for metabolomics and CTK profiling. Across LPS-treated and control cells, 11 CTKs were detected in the extracellular space while 6 were detected intracellularly. We found that muscle cells are enriched in isopentenyladenine (iP) species (from free base, riboside to nucleotide forms), and that extracellular levels are increased after LPS treatment. Our study establishes that muscle cells express various forms of CTKs, and that CTK levels are responsive to LPS-induced cell stress, suggesting a role for CTKs in intra- and extracellular signaling of mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie W. Tobin
- Department of BiologyTrent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioCanada
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate ProgramTrent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioCanada
| | - Dev Seneviratne
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate ProgramTrent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioCanada
- Department of Forensic ScienceTrent UniversityPeterboroughCanada
| | - Lorna Phan
- Department of BiologyTrent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioCanada
| | - Mark Seegobin
- Department of BiologyTrent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioCanada
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate ProgramTrent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioCanada
| | | | - Beth Westby
- Department of BiologyTrent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioCanada
| | - Anna Kisiala
- Department of BiologyTrent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioCanada
| | - Sanela Martic
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate ProgramTrent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioCanada
- Department of Forensic ScienceTrent UniversityPeterboroughCanada
| | - Craig R. Brunetti
- Department of BiologyTrent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioCanada
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate ProgramTrent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioCanada
| | - R. J. Neil Emery
- Department of BiologyTrent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioCanada
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate ProgramTrent UniversityPeterboroughOntarioCanada
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2
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Del Mondo A, Vinaccia A, Pistelli L, Brunet C, Sansone C. On the human health benefits of microalgal phytohormones: An explorative in silico analysis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1092-1101. [PMID: 36789263 PMCID: PMC9900276 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytohormones represent a group of secondary metabolites with different chemical structures, in which belong auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, or brassinosteroids. In higher plants, they cover active roles in growth or defense function, while their potential benefits for human health protection were noted for some phytohormones and little explored for many others. In this study, we developed a target fishing strategy on fifty-three selected naturally occurring phytohormones covering different families towards proteins involved in key cellular functions related to human metabolism and health protection/disease. This in silico analysis strategy aims to screen the potential human health-driven bioactivity of more than fifty phytohormones through the analysis of their interactions with specific targets. From this analysis, twenty-eight human targets were recovered. Some targets e.g., the proteins mitochondrial glutamate dehydrogenase (GLUD1) or nerve growth factor (NGF) bound many phytohormones, highlighting their involvement in amino acid metabolism and/or in the maintenance or survival of neurons. Conversely, some phytohormones specifically interacted with some proteins, e.g., SPRY domain-containing SOCS box protein 2 (SPSB2) or Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 1 (IMPDH1), both involved in human immune response. They were then investigated with a molecular docking analysis approach. Our bioprospecting study indicated that many phytohormones may endow human health benefits, with potential functional role in multiple cellular processes including immune response and cell cycle progression.
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3
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Souza TML, Pinho VD, Setim CF, Sacramento CQ, Marcon R, Fintelman-Rodrigues N, Chaves OA, Heller M, Temerozo JR, Ferreira AC, Mattos M, Momo PB, Dias SSG, Gesto JSM, Pereira-Dutra F, Viola JPB, Queiroz-Junior CM, Guimarães LC, Chaves IM, Guimarães PPG, Costa VV, Teixeira MM, Bou-Habib DC, Bozza PT, Aguillón AR, Siqueira-Junior J, Macedo-Junior S, Andrade EL, Fadanni GP, Tolouei SEL, Potrich FB, Santos AA, Marques NF, Calixto JB, Rabi JA. Preclinical development of kinetin as a safe error-prone SARS-CoV-2 antiviral able to attenuate virus-induced inflammation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:199. [PMID: 36639383 PMCID: PMC9837764 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35928-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Orally available antivirals against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are necessary because of the continuous circulation of new variants that challenge immunized individuals. Because severe COVID-19 is a virus-triggered immune and inflammatory dysfunction, molecules endowed with both antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity are highly desirable. We identified here that kinetin (MB-905) inhibits the in vitro replication of SARS-CoV-2 in human hepatic and pulmonary cell lines. On infected monocytes, MB-905 reduced virus replication, IL-6 and TNFα levels. MB-905 is converted into its triphosphate nucleotide to inhibit viral RNA synthesis and induce error-prone virus replication. Coinhibition of SARS-CoV-2 exonuclease, a proofreading enzyme that corrects erroneously incorporated nucleotides during viral RNA replication, potentiated the inhibitory effect of MB-905. MB-905 shows good oral absorption, its metabolites are stable, achieving long-lasting plasma and lung concentrations, and this drug is not mutagenic nor cardiotoxic in acute and chronic treatments. SARS-CoV-2-infected hACE-mice and hamsters treated with MB-905 show decreased viral replication, lung necrosis, hemorrhage and inflammation. Because kinetin is clinically investigated for a rare genetic disease at regimens beyond the predicted concentrations of antiviral/anti-inflammatory inhibition, our investigation suggests the opportunity for the rapid clinical development of a new antiviral substance for the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Moreno L Souza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Vagner D Pinho
- Microbiológica Química e Farmacêutica, Doutor Nicanor, 238 Inhaúma, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristina F Setim
- Centro de Inovação e Ensaios Pré-clínicos and National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Medicines and Identification of New Therapeutics Targets (INCT-INOVAMED). Avenida Luiz Boiteux Piazza, 1302 Cachoeira do Bom Jesus, 88056-000, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Carolina Q Sacramento
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Marcon
- Centro de Inovação e Ensaios Pré-clínicos and National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Medicines and Identification of New Therapeutics Targets (INCT-INOVAMED). Avenida Luiz Boiteux Piazza, 1302 Cachoeira do Bom Jesus, 88056-000, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Natalia Fintelman-Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Otavio A Chaves
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Melina Heller
- Centro de Inovação e Ensaios Pré-clínicos and National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Medicines and Identification of New Therapeutics Targets (INCT-INOVAMED). Avenida Luiz Boiteux Piazza, 1302 Cachoeira do Bom Jesus, 88056-000, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Jairo R Temerozo
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT/NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratório de Pesquisa sobre o Timo, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - André C Ferreira
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Universidade Iguaçu, Nova Iguaçu, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mayara Mattos
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia B Momo
- Microbiológica Química e Farmacêutica, Doutor Nicanor, 238 Inhaúma, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Suelen S G Dias
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - João S M Gesto
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Filipe Pereira-Dutra
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - João P B Viola
- Program of Immunology and Tumor Biology, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rua André Cavalcanti 37, 5th floor, Centro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Celso Martins Queiroz-Junior
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lays Cordeiro Guimarães
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ian Meira Chaves
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pedro Pires Goulart Guimarães
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Vivian Vasconcelos Costa
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mauro Martins Teixeira
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Fármacos, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Dumith Chequer Bou-Habib
- National Institute for Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT/NIM), Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Laboratório de Pesquisa sobre o Timo, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia T Bozza
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anderson R Aguillón
- Microbiológica Química e Farmacêutica, Doutor Nicanor, 238 Inhaúma, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jarbas Siqueira-Junior
- Centro de Inovação e Ensaios Pré-clínicos and National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Medicines and Identification of New Therapeutics Targets (INCT-INOVAMED). Avenida Luiz Boiteux Piazza, 1302 Cachoeira do Bom Jesus, 88056-000, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Sergio Macedo-Junior
- Centro de Inovação e Ensaios Pré-clínicos and National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Medicines and Identification of New Therapeutics Targets (INCT-INOVAMED). Avenida Luiz Boiteux Piazza, 1302 Cachoeira do Bom Jesus, 88056-000, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Edineia L Andrade
- Centro de Inovação e Ensaios Pré-clínicos and National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Medicines and Identification of New Therapeutics Targets (INCT-INOVAMED). Avenida Luiz Boiteux Piazza, 1302 Cachoeira do Bom Jesus, 88056-000, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Guilherme P Fadanni
- Centro de Inovação e Ensaios Pré-clínicos and National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Medicines and Identification of New Therapeutics Targets (INCT-INOVAMED). Avenida Luiz Boiteux Piazza, 1302 Cachoeira do Bom Jesus, 88056-000, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Sara E L Tolouei
- Centro de Inovação e Ensaios Pré-clínicos and National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Medicines and Identification of New Therapeutics Targets (INCT-INOVAMED). Avenida Luiz Boiteux Piazza, 1302 Cachoeira do Bom Jesus, 88056-000, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Francine B Potrich
- Centro de Inovação e Ensaios Pré-clínicos and National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Medicines and Identification of New Therapeutics Targets (INCT-INOVAMED). Avenida Luiz Boiteux Piazza, 1302 Cachoeira do Bom Jesus, 88056-000, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Adara A Santos
- Centro de Inovação e Ensaios Pré-clínicos and National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Medicines and Identification of New Therapeutics Targets (INCT-INOVAMED). Avenida Luiz Boiteux Piazza, 1302 Cachoeira do Bom Jesus, 88056-000, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Naiani F Marques
- Centro de Inovação e Ensaios Pré-clínicos and National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Medicines and Identification of New Therapeutics Targets (INCT-INOVAMED). Avenida Luiz Boiteux Piazza, 1302 Cachoeira do Bom Jesus, 88056-000, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - João B Calixto
- Centro de Inovação e Ensaios Pré-clínicos and National Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Medicines and Identification of New Therapeutics Targets (INCT-INOVAMED). Avenida Luiz Boiteux Piazza, 1302 Cachoeira do Bom Jesus, 88056-000, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Jaime A Rabi
- Microbiológica Química e Farmacêutica, Doutor Nicanor, 238 Inhaúma, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Cytokinins: Wide-Spread Signaling Hormones from Plants to Humans with High Medical Potential. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071495. [PMID: 35406107 PMCID: PMC9003334 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nature is a rich source of biologically active novel compounds. Sixty years ago, the plant hormones cytokinins were first discovered. These play a major role in cell division and cell differentiation. They affect organogenesis in plant tissue cultures and contribute to many other physiological and developmental processes in plants. Consequently, the effect of cytokinins on mammalian cells has caught the attention of researchers. Many reports on the contribution and potential of cytokinins in the therapy of different human diseases and pathophysiological conditions have been published and are reviewed here. We compare cytokinin effects and pathways in plants and mammalian systems and highlight the most important biological activities. We present the strong profile of the biological actions of cytokinins and their possible therapeutic applications.
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5
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Mielcarek M, Isalan M. Kinetin stimulates differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258419. [PMID: 34644361 PMCID: PMC8513909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinetin or N6-furfuryladenine (K) belongs to a class of plant hormones called cytokinins, which are biologically active molecules modulating many aspects of plant growth and development. However, biological activities of cytokinins are not only limited to plants; their effects on animals have been widely reported in the literature. Here, we found that Kinetin is a potent small molecule that efficiently stimulates differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts into myotubes in vitro. The highest efficacy was achieved at 1μM and 10μM Kinetin concentrations, in both mitogen-poor and rich media. More importantly, Kinetin was able to strongly stimulate the MyoD-dependent conversion of fibroblasts into myotubes. Kinetin alone did not give rise to fibroblast conversion and required MyoD; this demonstrates that Kinetin augments the molecular repertoire of necessary key regulatory factors to facilitate MyoD-mediated myogenic differentiation. This novel Kinetin pro-myogenic function may be explained by its ability to alter intracellular calcium levels and by its potential to impact on Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) signalling. Taken together, our findings unravel the effects of a new class of small molecules with potent pro-myogenic activities. This opens up new therapeutic avenues with potential for treating skeletal muscle diseases related to muscle aging and wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Mielcarek
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Mark Isalan
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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6
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Modulatory and Toxicological Perspectives on the Effects of the Small Molecule Kinetin. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030670. [PMID: 33525350 PMCID: PMC7865834 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant hormones are small regulatory molecules that exert pharmacological actions in mammalian cells such as anti-oxidative and pro-metabolic effects. Kinetin belongs to the group of plant hormones cytokinin and has been associated with modulatory functions in mammalian cells. The mammalian adenosine receptor (A2a-R) is known to modulate multiple physiological responses in animal cells. Here, we describe that kinetin binds to the adenosine receptor (A2a-R) through the Asn253 residue in an adenosine dependent manner. To harness the beneficial effects of kinetin for future human use, we assess its acute toxicity by analyzing different biochemical and histological markers in rats. Kinetin at a dose below 1 mg/kg had no adverse effects on the serum level of glucose or on the activity of serum alanine transaminase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzymes in the kinetin treated rats. Whereas, creatinine levels increased after a kinetin treatment at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg. Furthermore, 5 mg/kg treated kinetin rats showed normal renal corpuscles, but a mild degeneration was observed in the renal glomeruli and renal tubules, as well as few degenerated hepatocytes were also observed in the liver. Kinetin doses below 5 mg/kg did not show any localized toxicity in the liver and kidney tissues. In addition to unraveling the binding interaction between kinetin and A2a-R, our findings suggest safe dose limits for the future use of kinetin as a therapeutic and modulatory agent against various pathophysiological conditions.
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Integrated structural and functional analysis of the protective effects of kinetin against oxidative stress in mammalian cellular systems. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13330. [PMID: 32770053 PMCID: PMC7414151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70253-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism and signaling of cytokinins was first established in plants, followed by cytokinin discoveries in all kingdoms of life. However, understanding of their role in mammalian cells is still scarce. Kinetin is a cytokinin that mitigates the effects of oxidative stress in mammalian cells. The effective concentrations of exogenously applied kinetin in invoking various cellular responses are not well standardized. Likewise, the metabolism of kinetin and its cellular targets within the mammalian cells are still not well studied. Applying vitality tests as well as comet assays under normal and hyper-oxidative states, our analysis suggests that kinetin concentrations of 500 nM and above cause cytotoxicity as well as genotoxicity in various cell types. However, concentrations below 100 nM do not cause any toxicity, rather in this range kinetin counteracts oxidative burst and cytotoxicity. We focus here on these effects. To get insights into the cellular targets of kinetin mediating these pro-survival functions and protective effects we applied structural and computational approaches on two previously testified targets for these effects. Our analysis deciphers vital residues in adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) and adenosine receptor (A2A-R) that facilitate the binding of kinetin to these two important human cellular proteins. We finally discuss how the therapeutic potential of kinetin against oxidative stress helps in various pathophysiological conditions.
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8
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Dulińska-Litewka J, Gąsiorkiewicz B, Litewka A, Gil D, Gołąbek T, Okoń K. Could the kinetin riboside be used to inhibit human prostate cell epithelial-mesenchymal transition? Med Oncol 2020; 37:17. [PMID: 32030542 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-020-1338-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a molecular process connected to higher expression of vimentin and increased activity of transcription factors (Snail, Twist) which restrains E-cadherin. EMT has been linked to prostate cancer metastatic potential, therapy resistance, and poor outcomes. Kinetin riboside (9-(b-dribofuranosyl)-6-furfurylaminopurine, KR) is a naturally occurring cytokinin, which induces apoptosis and shows strong antiproliferative activity against various human cancer cell lines. To establish the effect of KR on human prostate cell lines, expression of, e.g. AR, E-, N-cadherins, Vimentin, Snail, Twist, and MMPs, was analysed at mRNA and protein levels using Western Blot and RT-PCR and/or RQ-PCR techniques. KR inhibited the growth of human prostate cancer cells, but also, to a small extent, of normal cells. This effect depended on the type of the cells and their androgen sensitivity. KR also decreased the level of p-Akt, which takes part in androgen signalling modulation. The antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein was down-regulated in cancer cell lines, while that of Bax is up-regulated upon KR exposure. KR contributed to re-expression of the E-cadherin as well as to significant changes in cell migration. Taken together, our results indicate for the first time that KR can be proposed as a factor for signalling pathways regulation that participates in the inhibition of development of aggressive forms of prostate cancer, and may alter the approach to therapeutic interventions. We propose KR as a potent inhibitor of EMT in human prostate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Dulińska-Litewka
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Kopernika 7, 31-034, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Gąsiorkiewicz
- Medical Biochemistry Students' Research Circle, Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Dorota Gil
- Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Kopernika 7, 31-034, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tomasz Gołąbek
- Department of Urology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Okoń
- Chair of Pathomorphology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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Kadlecová A, Maková B, Artal-Sanz M, Strnad M, Voller J. The plant hormone kinetin in disease therapy and healthy aging. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 55:100958. [PMID: 31479763 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It has been more than 60 years since the discovery of kinetin, the first known member of a group of plant hormones called cytokinins. In this review we summarize the health-promoting activity of kinetin in animal systems, ranging from cells cultured in vitro through invertebrates to mammals. Kinetin has been shown to modulate aging, to delay age-related physiological decline and to protect against some neurodegenerative diseases. We also review studies on its mechanism of action, as well as point out gaps in our current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Kadlecová
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Barbara Maková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marta Artal-Sanz
- Andalusian Centre for Developmental Biology, CISIC-JA-University Pablo de Olavide, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemical Engineering, Carretera de Utrera km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Voller
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic; Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University, Hněvotínská 3, 775 15 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
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10
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Maiuri T, Suart CE, Hung CLK, Graham KJ, Barba Bazan CA, Truant R. DNA Damage Repair in Huntington's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases. Neurotherapeutics 2019; 16:948-956. [PMID: 31364066 PMCID: PMC6985310 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00768-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies of Huntington's disease (HD) primarily highlighted genes involved in DNA damage repair mechanisms as modifiers of age at onset and disease severity, consistent with evidence that more DNA repair genes are being implicated in late age-onset neurodegenerative diseases. This provides an exciting opportunity to advance therapeutic development in HD, as these pathways have already been under intense investigation in cancer research. Also emerging are the roles of other polyglutamine disease proteins in DNA damage repair mechanisms. A potential universal trigger of oxidative DNA damage shared in these late age-onset diseases is the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in human aging, defining an age-related mechanism that has defied other hypotheses of neurodegeneration. We discuss the potential commonality of DNA damage repair pathways in HD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Potential targets for therapy that may prove beneficial across many of these diseases are also identified, defining nodes in the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) complex, mismatch repair, and poly ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Maiuri
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, HSC 4N54, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N3Z5, Canada
| | - C E Suart
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, HSC 4N54, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N3Z5, Canada
| | - C L K Hung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, HSC 4N54, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N3Z5, Canada
| | - K J Graham
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, HSC 4N54, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N3Z5, Canada
| | - C A Barba Bazan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, HSC 4N54, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N3Z5, Canada
| | - R Truant
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, HSC 4N54, 1200 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8N3Z5, Canada.
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Wang M, Nie H, Han D, Qiao X, Yan H, Shen S. Cauliflower-like resin microspheres with tuneable surface roughness as solid-phase extraction adsorbent for efficient extraction and determination of plant growth regulators in cucumbers. Food Chem 2019; 295:259-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.05.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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12
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N6-Furfuryladenine is protective in Huntington's disease models by signaling huntingtin phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E7081-E7090. [PMID: 29987005 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1801772115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The huntingtin N17 domain is a modulator of mutant huntingtin toxicity and is hypophosphorylated in Huntington's disease (HD). We conducted high-content analysis to find compounds that could restore N17 phosphorylation. One lead compound from this screen was N6-furfuryladenine (N6FFA). N6FFA was protective in HD model neurons, and N6FFA treatment of an HD mouse model corrects HD phenotypes and eliminates cortical mutant huntingtin inclusions. We show that N6FFA restores N17 phosphorylation levels by being salvaged to a triphosphate form by adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) and used as a phosphate donor by casein kinase 2 (CK2). N6FFA is a naturally occurring product of oxidative DNA damage. Phosphorylated huntingtin functionally redistributes and colocalizes with CK2, APRT, and N6FFA DNA adducts at sites of induced DNA damage. We present a model in which this natural product compound is salvaged to provide a triphosphate substrate to signal huntingtin phosphorylation via CK2 during low-ATP stress under conditions of DNA damage, with protective effects in HD model systems.
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13
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Natural plant hormones cytokinins increase stress resistance and longevity of Caenorhabditis elegans. Biogerontology 2017; 19:109-120. [DOI: 10.1007/s10522-017-9742-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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An S, Cha HJ, Ko JM, Han H, Kim SY, Kim KS, Lee SJ, An IS, Kim S, Youn HJ, Ahn KJ, Kim SY. Kinetin Improves Barrier Function of the Skin by Modulating Keratinocyte Differentiation Markers. Ann Dermatol 2017; 29:6-12. [PMID: 28223740 PMCID: PMC5318528 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2017.29.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Kinetin is a plant hormone that regulates growth and differentiation. Keratinocytes, the basic building blocks of the epidermis, function in maintaining the skin barrier. Objective We examined whether kinetin induces skin barrier functions in vitro and in vivo. Methods To evaluate the efficacy of kinetin at the cellular level, expression of keratinocyte differentiation markers was assessed. Moreover, we examined the clinical efficacy of kinetin by evaluating skin moisture, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and skin surface roughness in patients who used kinetin-containing cream. We performed quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction to measure the expression of keratinocyte differentiation markers in HaCaT cells following treatment. A clinical trial was performed to assess skin moisture, TEWL, and evenness of skin texture in subjects who used kinetin-containing cream for 4 weeks. Results Kinetin increased involucrin, and keratin 1 mRNA in HaCaT cells. Moreover, use of a kinetin-containing cream improved skin moisture and TEWL while decreasing roughness of skin texture. Conclusion Kinetin induced the expression of keratinocyte differentiation markers, suggesting that it may affect differentiation to improve skin moisture content, TEWL, and other signs of skin aging. Therefore, kinetin is a potential new component for use in cosmetics as an anti-aging agent that improves the barrier function of skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungkwan An
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwa Jun Cha
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Min Ko
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Han
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Young Kim
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Suk Kim
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Song Jeong Lee
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Sangwon Kim
- Orangewood Christian School, Maitland, FL, USA
| | - Hae Jeong Youn
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyu Joong Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Yeon Kim
- Korea Institute for Skin and Clinical Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Voller J, Maková B, Kadlecová A, Gonzalez G, Strnad M. Plant Hormone Cytokinins for Modulating Human Aging and Age-Related Diseases. HEALTHY AGEING AND LONGEVITY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-63001-4_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Synthesis of New 3-(Furan-2-yl)-Substituted Dibenzo-Diazepin-1-one Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Jabłońska-Trypuć A, Matejczyk M, Czerpak R. N6-benzyladenine and kinetin influence antioxidative stress parameters in human skin fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 413:97-107. [PMID: 26738489 PMCID: PMC4744253 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2642-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
N6-benzyladenine and kinetin are adenine-type cytokinins that play various roles in many aspects of plant development and stimulate anabolic processes in plant cells. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of N6-benzyladenine and kinetin on basic oxidative stress parameters, such as antioxidative enzyme activity, reduced glutathione and thiol group content, and lipid peroxidation. The results show a stimulatory effect of kinetin and N6-benzyladenine on antioxidative enzyme activity, as well as reduced glutathione and thiol group content. Cytokinins caused a decrease in membrane phospholipid peroxidation and exhibited protective properties against malondialdehyde production. The present findings reveal that both N6-benzyladenine and kinetin exhibit multiple and complex actions in fibroblast cells in vitro. Both show antioxidant properties and are potentially powerful agents with applications in the prevention and treatment of many diseases connected with oxidative stress in skin, for example, psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Jabłońska-Trypuć
- Department of Sanitary Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Marzena Matejczyk
- Department of Sanitary Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Białystok, Poland
| | - Romuald Czerpak
- The School of Medical Science in Białystok, Białystok, Poland
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18
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Carrette LLG, Gyssels E, De Laet N, Madder A. Furan oxidation based cross-linking: a new approach for the study and targeting of nucleic acid and protein interactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:1539-54. [PMID: 26679922 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc08766j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The coming of age story of furan oxidation cross-linking.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. L. G. Carrette
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - E. Gyssels
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - N. De Laet
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
| | - A. Madder
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group
- Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Ghent University
- 9000 Gent
- Belgium
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19
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Carrette LLG, Madder A. A synthetic oligonucleotide model for evaluating the oxidation and crosslinking propensities of natural furan-modified DNA. Chembiochem 2013; 15:103-7. [PMID: 24323800 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201300612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We have previously developed a crosslinking methodology for oligonucleotides based on the incorporation of furan moieties, which can be selectively oxidised to reactive intermediates that will quickly react with the opposite bases in DNA, forming toxic interstrand crosslinks (ICLs). Furan moieties also occur in natural DNA, as a result of oxidative stress. Moreover, the furan-containing degradation product of this modified DNA-kinetin-has been found to display beneficial anti-ageing effects. To investigate the apparent discrepancy between the effects of the synthetic and the natural furan modifications in DNA, a quick and easy postsynthetic method providing access to the natural modification in short synthetic oligonucleotides was developed. On checking for potential crosslinking propensity, we found that the furan moiety does indeed undergo oxidation, in this way functioning as an important scavenger for oxidative stress. The reactive intermediate, however, was shown to degrade without producing toxic crosslinked products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieselot L G Carrette
- Organic and Biomimetic Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281-S4, 9000 Gent (Belgium).
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20
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Walsh JM, Ippoliti PJ, Ronayne EA, Rozners E, Beuning PJ. Discrimination against major groove adducts by Y-family polymerases of the DinB subfamily. DNA Repair (Amst) 2013; 12:713-22. [PMID: 23791649 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Y-family DNA polymerases bypass DNA adducts in a process known as translesion synthesis (TLS). Y-family polymerases make contacts with the minor groove side of the DNA substrate at the nascent base pair. The Y-family polymerases also contact the DNA major groove via the unique little finger domain, but they generally lack contacts with the major groove at the nascent base pair. Escherichia coli DinB efficiently and accurately copies certain minor groove guanosine adducts. In contrast, we previously showed that the presence in the DNA template of the major groove-modified base 1,3-diaza-2-oxophenothiazine (tC) inhibits the activity of E. coli DinB. Even when the DNA primer is extended up to three nucleotides beyond the site of the tC analog, DinB activity is strongly inhibited. These findings prompted us to investigate discrimination against other major groove modifications by DinB and its orthologs. We chose a set of pyrimidines and purines with modifications in the major groove and determined the activity of DinB and several orthologs with these substrates. DinB, human pol kappa, and Sulfolobus solfataricus Dpo4 show differing specificities for the major groove adducts pyrrolo-dC, dP, N(6)-furfuryl-dA, and etheno-dA. In general, DinB was least efficient for bypass of all of these major groove adducts, whereas Dpo4 was most efficient. DinB activity was essentially completely inhibited by the presence of etheno-dA, while pol kappa activity was strongly inhibited. All three of these DNA polymerases were able to bypass N(6)-furfuryl-dA with modest efficiency, with DinB being the least efficient. We also determined that the R35A variant of DinB enhances bypass of N(6)-furfuryl-dA but not etheno-dA. In sum, we find that whereas DinB is specific for bypass of minor groove adducts, it is specifically inhibited by major groove DNA modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Walsh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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21
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Weimann A, Broedbaek K, Henriksen T, Stovgaard ES, Poulsen HE. Assays for urinary biomarkers of oxidatively damaged nucleic acids. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:531-40. [PMID: 22352957 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2011.647693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of oxidized nucleic acid metabolites can be performed by a variety of methodologies: liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical or mass-spectrometry detection, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis and ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). The major analytical challenge is specificity. The best combination of selectivity and speed of analysis can be obtained by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometric detection. This, however, is also the most demanding technique with regard to price, complexity and skills requirement. The available ELISA methods present considerable specificity problems and cannot be recommended at present. The oxidized nucleic acid metabolites in urine are assumed to originate from the DNA and RNA. However, direct evidence is not available. A possible contribution from the nucleotide pools is most probably minimal, if existing. Recent investigation on RNA oxidation has shown conditions where RNA oxidation but not DNA oxidation is prominent, and while investigation on DNA is of huge interest, RNA oxidation may be overlooked. The methods for analyzing oxidized deoxynucleosides can easily be expanded to analyze the oxidized ribonucleosides. The urinary measurement of oxidized nucleic acid metabolites provides a non-invasive measurement of oxidative stress to DNA and RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan Weimann
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology Q7642, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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22
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Vícha J, Demo G, Marek R. Platinum-Modified Adenines: Unprecedented Protonation Behavior Revealed by NMR Spectroscopy and Relativistic Density-Functional Theory Calculations. Inorg Chem 2012; 51:1371-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ic201595e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vícha
- National Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty
of Science and Central European Institute of Technology-CEITEC, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech
Republic
| | - Gabriel Demo
- National Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty
of Science and Central European Institute of Technology-CEITEC, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech
Republic
| | - Radek Marek
- National Center for Biomolecular Research, Faculty
of Science and Central European Institute of Technology-CEITEC, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5/A4, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech
Republic
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23
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Zinc(II) chlorido complexes of protonated kinetin and its derivatives: Synthesis, properties and X-ray structure of [Zn(Hkinetin)Cl3]·kinetin. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2010.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Novotná R, Trávníček Z, Popa I. X-ray crystallographic and NMR study of the tautomerism in kinetin, kinetin riboside and their derivatives: A comparison between the solid state and solution. J Mol Struct 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2009.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Tiedemann RE, Mao X, Shi CX, Zhu YX, Palmer SE, Sebag M, Marler R, Chesi M, Fonseca R, Bergsagel PL, Schimmer AD, Stewart AK. Identification of kinetin riboside as a repressor of CCND1 and CCND2 with preclinical antimyeloma activity. J Clin Invest 2008; 118:1750-64. [PMID: 18431519 DOI: 10.1172/jci34149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2007] [Accepted: 03/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Knockout and transgenic studies in mice demonstrate that normal somatic tissues redundantly express 3 cyclin D proteins, whereas tumor cells seem dependent on a single overexpressed cyclin D. Thus, selective suppression of the individual cyclin D deregulated in a tumor represents a biologically valid approach to targeted cancer therapy. In multiple myeloma, overexpression of 1 of the cyclin D proteins is a ubiquitous feature, unifying at least 7 different initiating genetic events. We demonstrate here that RNAi of genes encoding cyclin D1 and cyclin D2 (CCND1 and CCND2, respectively) inhibits proliferation and is progressively cytotoxic in human myeloma cells. By screening a chemical library using a cell-based assay for inhibition of CCND2 trans-activation, we identified the plant cytokinin kinetin riboside as an inhibitor of CCND2 trans-activation. Kinetin riboside induced marked suppression of CCND2 transcription and rapidly suppressed cyclin D1 and D2 protein expression in primary myeloma cells and tumor lines, causing cell-cycle arrest, tumor cell-selective apoptosis, and inhibition of myeloma growth in xenografted mice. Mechanistically, kinetin riboside upregulated expression of transcription repressor isoforms of cAMP-response element modulator (CREM) and blocked both trans-activation of CCND2 by various myeloma oncogenes and cis-activation of translocated CCND1, suggesting induction of an overriding repressor activity that blocks multiple oncogenic pathways targeting cyclin D genes. These data support targeted repression of cyclin D genes as a therapeutic strategy for human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodger E Tiedemann
- Mayo Clinic, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
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26
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Chiu PC, Chan CC, Lin HM, Chiu HC. The clinical anti-aging effects of topical kinetin and niacinamide in Asians: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, split-face comparative trial. J Cosmet Dermatol 2007; 6:243-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1473-2165.2007.00342.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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27
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Wan ZK, Wacharasindhu S, Levins CG, Lin M, Tabei K, Mansour TS. The Scope and Mechanism of Phosphonium-Mediated SNAr Reactions in Heterocyclic Amides and Ureas. J Org Chem 2007; 72:10194-210. [DOI: 10.1021/jo7020373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Kui Wan
- Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, and Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, 401 Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965
| | - Sumrit Wacharasindhu
- Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, and Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, 401 Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965
| | - Christopher G. Levins
- Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, and Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, 401 Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965
| | - Melissa Lin
- Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, and Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, 401 Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965
| | - Keiko Tabei
- Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, and Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, 401 Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965
| | - Tarek S. Mansour
- Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, 200 Cambridge Park Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, and Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, 401 Middletown Road, Pearl River, New York 10965
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28
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Abstract
Analyses of cytokinins are very important in both plant physiological and biomedical research as they are implicated in many biological processes. Reliable, sensitive, selective and inexpensive methods that are flexible and designed for automation are required for these analyses. This review addresses the advances made in the separation and determination of cytokinins by CE as well as the other applications of CE (i.e., determination of dissociation constants and complexation constants of cytokinins). The various CE modes used to separate the compounds and the quantification strategies are examined. Special attention is also focused on those aspects that improve on the sensitivity and/or selectivity, such as sample extraction and preconcentration, on-line preconcentration techniques (stacking), and/or specific detectors (e.g., MS). With the coupling to the preconcentration techniques and certain detection systems, numerous CE methods can potentially be adapted for the analysis of cytokinins in complex biological samples. Therefore, we would anticipate wider applications of CE methods in the near future for cytokinin analyses, which should facilitate a decrease in analysis cost and should help to improve analysis efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Ge
- Natural Sciences and Science Education Academic Group, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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29
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Barciszewski J, Massino F, Clark BFC. Kinetin--a multiactive molecule. Int J Biol Macromol 2007; 40:182-92. [PMID: 16899291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2006.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2006] [Revised: 06/30/2006] [Accepted: 06/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cytokinins are important adenine derivatives that serve as hormones to control many processes in plants. They were discovered as factors that promote cell division in tobacco tissue cultures and have been shown also to regulate several other developmental events. Kinetin which was isolated 50 years ago for the first time as a plant hormone, as well as other cytokinins isopentenyladenine, zeatin and benzylaminopurine induce callus (clusters of dedifferentiated plant cells) to redifferentiate into adventitious buds. Because of some similarities in the biological phenotypes of cancer and callus cells, cytokinins and especially kinetin, affect the differentiation of human cells through a common signal transduction system. Therefore, cytokinins found their way to use in molecular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Barciszewski
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12, 61-704 Poznan, Poland.
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30
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Wan ZK, Wacharasindhu S, Binnun E, Mansour T. An Efficient Direct Amination of Cyclic Amides and Cyclic Ureas. Org Lett 2006; 8:2425-8. [PMID: 16706542 DOI: 10.1021/ol060815y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] An efficient one-step amination of cyclic amides and ureas has been developed. Treatment of cyclic amides and cyclic ureas with BOP in the presence of DBU in various solvents led to the formation of cyclic amidines and cyclic guanidines in good to excellent yields. Concise syntheses of biologically intriguing kinetin and potent kinase inhibitor olomoucin were thus achieved in just one and two steps, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Kui Wan
- Chemical and Screening Sciences, Wyeth Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140, USA.
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31
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Abstract
Cytokinins (CKs) play a crucial role in various phases of plant growth and development, but the basic molecular mechanisms of their biosynthesis and signal transduction only recently became clear. The progress was achieved by identifying a series of key genes encoding enzymes and proteins controlling critical steps in biosynthesis, translocation, and signaling. Basic schemes for CK homeostasis and root/shoot communication at the whole-plant level can now be devised. This review summarizes recent findings on the relationship between CK structural variation and activity, distinct features in CK biosynthesis between higher plants and Agrobacterium infected plants, CK translocation at whole-plant and cellular levels, and CKs as signaling molecules for nutrient status via root-shoot communication.
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32
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Ge L, Yong JWH, Goh NK, Chia LS, Tan SN, Ong ES. Identification of kinetin and kinetin riboside in coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) water using a combined approach of liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2005; 829:26-34. [PMID: 16216563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2005] [Revised: 09/12/2005] [Accepted: 09/18/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Kinetin (free base and riboside), which was assumed by many scientists to be a synthetic cytokinin plant growth hormone, has been detected for the first time in the endosperm liquid of fresh young coconut fruits ("coconut water"). To facilitate the study, we developed a sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the identification and quantification of kinetin and kinetin riboside in purified coconut water extract sample. Following a solid-phase extraction of cytokinins in coconut water using C18 columns, the samples were further purified by Oasis MCX columns and analyzed by LC-MS/MS for kinetin and kinetin riboside. Detection by mass spectrometry was carried out using selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode, by identifying the putative kinetin and kinetin riboside based on their characteristic fragments. Based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, the limits of detection in SRM mode were 0.02 microM and 0.005 microM for kinetin and kinetin riboside, respectively. Furthermore, optimal conditions for a baseline chromatographic separation of 18 cytokinin standards by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were developed. The HPLC method had been employed for the confirmation and further fractionation of kinetin in coconut water extracts. The confirmation and fractionation of kinetin riboside was carried out using a further modified HPLC program due to the presence of other interfering material(s) in the sample matrix. Finally, fractions of putative kinetin and kinetin riboside collected from HPLC eluate of coconut water sample were further authenticated by independent capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liya Ge
- Natural Sciences and Science Education Academic Group, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore
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Abstract
Most natural cytokinins (CKs) are adenine derivatives that carry an isoprene-derived side chain at the N6-terminus. Structural variation at the isoprenoid side chain alters their biological activity and stability. The first step of de novo synthesis of CKs is catalyzed by adenosine phosphate-isopentenyltransferase (IPT), which produces isopentenyladenine nucleotide. In higher plants, trans-zeatin (tZ), a major CK, is formed by subsequent hydroxylation, which is catalyzed by a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (P450), CYP735A1 or CYP735A2. Biochemical characterization of IPTs revealed that the substrate specificities differ between Agrobacterium and higher plants. Agrobacterium IPTs have the ability to produce tZ-type species directly by use of hydroxymethylbutenyl diphosphate as the side chain donor. Analyses of expression patterns of genes for CK metabolic enzymes suggest that CK biosynthesis and homeostasis are finely controlled by internal and external environmental factors such as phytohormones and inorganic nitrogen sources. This regulatory system appears important in linking nutrient signals and morphogenetic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Sakakibara
- Plant Science Center, RIKEN 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-0045, Japan
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Wyszko E, Barciszewska MZ, Markiewicz M, Szymański M, Markiewicz WT, Clark BFC, Barciszewski J. "Action-at-a distance" of a new DNA oxidative damage product 6-furfuryl-adenine (kinetin) on template properties of modified DNA. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2003; 1625:239-45. [PMID: 12591610 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(02)00622-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
N(6)-furfuryladenine (kinetin, K) was shown to have cytokinin activity and antiageing effects. It also appears to protect DNA against oxidative damage mediated by the Fenton reaction. Kinetin was identified as a natural component of DNA in plant extract, calf thymus DNA, fresh DNA preparations from human cell culture, as well as in human urine. A proposed mechanism of kinetin synthesis includes furfural, the oxidative damage product of a 2-deoxyribose moiety of DNA, which reacts with an adenine residue to form N(6)-furfuryladenine at DNA level. The identification of kinetin in plant cell extracts, as well as human urine, suggests its excision from DNA by repair mechanisms. Since such a bulky modification as kinetin induces conformational changes of DNA, this could lead to mutations. Therefore, it was interesting to analyze an effect of kinetin on coding properties of DNA. Chemically synthesized oligodeoxynucleotide (20-mer) containing kinetin AAAACTGCCGTCCTGAKGAT was used as a primer. It was elongated in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on a template plasmid pEW1 harboring a 210-bp fragment of DNA derived from the 5' end of HIV mRNA. The PCR product of that length containing kinetin in position 17 from the 5' end was isolated and sequenced. Interestingly, DNA polymerase correctly incorporates thymine opposite of kinetin (an adenine derivative) on the complementary strand, but the misincorporations occur in a vicinity of the modified base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Wyszko
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704, Poznań, Poland
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Honma Y, Ishii Y. Differentiation of human myeloid leukemia cells by plant redifferentiation-inducing hormones. Leuk Lymphoma 2002; 43:1729-35. [PMID: 12685824 DOI: 10.1080/1042819021000006493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Although differentiation therapy for patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) using all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has now been established, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients with other than APL only show a limited clinical response to ATRA. We must consider novel therapeutic drugs against other AML to develop a differentiation therapy for leukemia. Regulators that play an important role in the differentiation and development of plants may also affect the differentiation of human leukemia cells through a common signal transduction system, and might be clinically useful for treating AML. Cytokinins are important purine derivatives that serve as hormones that control many processes in plants. Cytokinins such as kinetin, isopentenyladenine (IPA) and benzyladenine were very effective at inducing nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction and morphological changes in human myeloid leukemia cells into mature granulocytes. On the other hand, cytokinin ribosides such as kinetin riboside, isopentenyladenosine (IPAR) and benzyladenine riboside were the most potent for inhibiting growth and inducing apoptosis. When the cells were incubated with cytokinin ribosides in the presence of an O2- scavenger, antioxidant or caspase inhibitor, apoptosis was significantly reduced and differentiation was greatly enhanced. These results suggest that both cytokinins and cytokinin ribosides can induce the granulocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells, but cytokinin ribosides also induce apoptosis prior to differentiation. Cotylenin A has been isolated as a plant growth regulator exhibits cytokinin-like activity. Although it has a different structure than cytokinins, it also induces the differentiation of human myeloid leukemia cells. These results suggest that there is an association between the action of plant redifferentiation-inducing hormones and the mechanism of the differentiation of human leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Honma
- Saitama Cancer Center Research Institute, 818 Komuro, Ina, Saitama 362-0806, Japan.
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