1
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Bunce CM, Khanim FL, Drayson MT. Does the pursuit of scientific excellence serve or hamper translational medical research: an historical perspective from hematological malignancies. Blood Cancer J 2022; 12:142. [PMID: 36202796 PMCID: PMC9537160 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-022-00738-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite enormous global investment, translational medical research faces considerable challenges and patients, and their doctors are frequently frustrated by the apparent lack of research activity or progress. Understanding the factors that prevent innovative research discoveries from making it to clinical trials is a multifaceted problem. However, one question that must be addressed is whether the nature of current research activity and the factors that influence the conduct of pre-clinical research, permit, or hamper the timely progression of laboratory-based observations to proof of concept (PoC) clinical trials. Inherent in this question is to what extent a deep mechanistic understanding of a potential new therapy is required before commencing PoC studies, and whether patients are better served when mechanistic and clinical studies progress side by side rather than in a more linear fashion. Here we address these questions by revisiting the historical development of hugely impactful and paradigm-changing innovations in the treatment of hematological cancers. First, we compare the history and route to clinical PoC, of two molecularly-targeted therapies that are BCR:ABL inhibitors in chronic myeloid leukaemia and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL). We then discuss the history of arsenic trioxide as additional APL therapy, and the repurposing of thalidomide as effective multiple myeloma therapy. These stories have surprising elements of commonality that demand debate about the modern-day hard and soft governance of medical research and whether these processes appropriately align the priorities of advancing scientific knowledge and the need of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris M Bunce
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Farhat L Khanim
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mark T Drayson
- Institute of Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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2
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Mologni L, Tardy S, Zambon A, Orsato A, Bisson WH, Ceccon M, Viltadi M, D’Attoma J, Pannilunghi S, Vece V, Bertho J, Goekjian P, Scapozza L, Gambacorti-Passerini C. Discovery of Novel α-Carboline Inhibitors of the Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:17083-17097. [PMID: 35647450 PMCID: PMC9134258 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is abnormally expressed and hyperactivated in a number of tumors and represents an ideal therapeutic target. Despite excellent clinical responses to ALK inhibition, drug resistance still represents an issue and novel compounds that overcome drug-resistant mutants are needed. We designed, synthesized, and evaluated a large series of azacarbazole inhibitors. Several lead compounds endowed with submicromolar potency were identified. Compound 149 showed selective inhibition of native and mutant drug-refractory ALK kinase in vitro as well as in a Ba/F3 model and in human ALK+ lymphoma cells. The three-dimensional (3D) structure of a 149:ALK-KD cocrystal is reported, showing extensive interaction through the hinge region and the catalytic lysine 1150.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mologni
- Dept.
of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
- Galkem
srl, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Sébastien Tardy
- Laboratoire
Chimie Organique 2-Glycochimie, CNRS-Université
Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon 69100, France
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Alfonso Zambon
- Department
of Chemistry and Geological Sciences, University
of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Alexandre Orsato
- Laboratoire
Chimie Organique 2-Glycochimie, CNRS-Université
Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon 69100, France
- Department
of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Paraná 86057-970, Brazil
| | - William H. Bisson
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
- Knight
Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science
University, Portland, Oregon 97227, United States
| | - Monica Ceccon
- Dept.
of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Michela Viltadi
- Dept.
of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
| | - Joseph D’Attoma
- Laboratoire
Chimie Organique 2-Glycochimie, CNRS-Université
Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon 69100, France
| | - Sara Pannilunghi
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Vito Vece
- Dept.
of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
- Department
of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Peter Goekjian
- Galkem
srl, Monza 20900, Italy
- Laboratoire
Chimie Organique 2-Glycochimie, CNRS-Université
Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon 69100, France
| | - Leonardo Scapozza
- Galkem
srl, Monza 20900, Italy
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of
Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini
- Dept.
of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza 20900, Italy
- Galkem
srl, Monza 20900, Italy
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3
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Pan YL, Zeng SX, Hao RR, Liang MH, Shen ZR, Huang WH. The progress of small-molecules and degraders against BCR-ABL for the treatment of CML. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 238:114442. [PMID: 35551036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a malignant disease of the hematopoietic system with crucial pathogenic protein named BCR-ABL, which endangers the life of patients severely. As a milestone of targeted drug, Imatinib has achieved great success in the treatment of CML. Nevertheless, inevitable drug resistance of Imatinib has occurred frequently in clinical due to the several mutations in the BCR-ABL kinase. Subsequently, the second-generation of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) against BCR-ABL was developed to address the mutants of Imatinib resistance, except T315I. To date, the third-generation of TKIs targeting T315I has been developed for improving the selectivity and safety. Notably, the first allosteric inhibitor has been in market which could overcome the mutations in ATP binding site effectively. Meanwhile, some advanced technology, such as proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTAC) based on different E3 ligand, are highly expected to overcome the drug resistance by selectively degrading the targeted proteins. In this review, we summarized the current research progress of inhibitors and degraders targeting BCR-ABL for the treatment of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lu Pan
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shen-Xin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rong-Rong Hao
- Hangzhou Chinese Academy of Sciences-Hangzhou Medical College Advanced Medical Technology Institute, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mei-Hao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wen-Hai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Drug Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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Bouchet S, Molimard M. Pharmacokinetics and therapeutic drug monitoring of anticancer protein/kinase inhibitors. Therapie 2022; 77:157-170. [PMID: 35101282 DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, protein/kinase inhibitors, as targeted therapies, raised in number and have become increasingly mainstream in the treatment of malignant diseases, thanks to the ease of oral administration and the minimal adverse drug reactions. These drugs have similar pharmacokinetic properties: a relatively good absorption and distribution, a strong hepatic metabolism, and a mainly biliary excretion. However, this pharmacokinetic and route of administration has the disadvantage of resulting in a large inter- and intra-individual variability. Despite this significant variability, these drugs are largely prescribed at the same initial dose for quite all patients (flat dose), even though this variability would require individualized adaptation for each patient and/or each new circumstance. Promptly after their commercialization, scientific teams have performed concentration measurements of several drugs and showed the existence of efficacy or toxicity thresholds. This has contributed to the development of therapeutic drug monitoring as one of the strategies to improve the response and reduce the adverse reactions of these drugs. There is still a need to determine precise thresholds for the remaining drugs and to evaluate the impact of TDM in therapeutic management. In order to determine the current state of the art, this article reviews indications, pharmacokinetics and TDM data for 49 marketed PKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Bouchet
- Inserm U1219, laboratoire de pharmaco-toxicologie, service de pharmacologie médicale, CHU de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Mathieu Molimard
- Inserm U1219, laboratoire de pharmaco-toxicologie, service de pharmacologie médicale, CHU de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
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5
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Rens C, Shapira T, Peña-Diaz S, Chao JD, Pfeifer T, Av-Gay Y. Apoptosis assessment in high-content and high-throughput screening assays. Biotechniques 2021; 70:309-318. [PMID: 34114488 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2020-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Here the authors describe the development of AUTOptosis, an economical and rapid apoptosis monitoring method suitable for high-content and high-throughput screening assays. AUTOptosis is based on the quantification of nuclei intensity via staining with Hoechst 33342. First, the authors calibrated the method using standard apoptosis inducers in multiple cell lines. Next, the authors validated the applicability of this approach to high-content screening using a small library of compounds and compared it with the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling gold standard. Finally, the authors demonstrated the specificity of the method by using AUTOposis to detect apoptosis triggered by Mycobacterium tuberculosis intracellular infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Rens
- Department of Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tirosh Shapira
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sandra Peña-Diaz
- Department of Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Joseph D Chao
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Tom Pfeifer
- Biofactorial High-Throughput Biology Facility, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Yossef Av-Gay
- Department of Medicine, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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6
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Luttman JH, Colemon A, Mayro B, Pendergast AM. Role of the ABL tyrosine kinases in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and the metastatic cascade. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:59. [PMID: 34022881 PMCID: PMC8140471 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00739-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The ABL kinases, ABL1 and ABL2, promote tumor progression and metastasis in various solid tumors. Recent reports have shown that ABL kinases have increased expression and/or activity in solid tumors and that ABL inactivation impairs metastasis. The therapeutic effects of ABL inactivation are due in part to ABL-dependent regulation of diverse cellular processes related to the epithelial to mesenchymal transition and subsequent steps in the metastatic cascade. ABL kinases target multiple signaling pathways required for promoting one or more steps in the metastatic cascade. These findings highlight the potential utility of specific ABL kinase inhibitors as a novel treatment paradigm for patients with advanced metastatic disease. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian Hattaway Luttman
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, 308 Research Drive, C-233A LSRC Bldg., P.O. Box 3813, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Ashley Colemon
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, 308 Research Drive, C-233A LSRC Bldg., P.O. Box 3813, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Benjamin Mayro
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, 308 Research Drive, C-233A LSRC Bldg., P.O. Box 3813, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Ann Marie Pendergast
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, 308 Research Drive, C-233A LSRC Bldg., P.O. Box 3813, Durham, NC 27710 USA
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7
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Sobhia ME, Kumar GS, Mallick A, Singh H, Kumar K, Chaurasiya M, Singh M, Gera N, Deverakonda S, Baghel V. Computational and Biological Investigations on Abl1 Tyrosine Kinase: A Review. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 22:38-51. [PMID: 33050861 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121999201013152513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abl1 tyrosine kinase is a validated target for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. It is a form of cancer that is difficult to treat and much research is being done to identify new molecular entities and to tackle drug resistance issues. In recent years, drug resistance of Abl1 tyrosine kinase has become a major healthcare concern. Second and third-generation TKI reported better responses against the resistant forms; still they had no impact on long-term survival prolongation. New compounds derived from natural products and organic small molecule inhibitors can lay the foundation for better clinical therapies in the future. Computational methods, experimental and biological studies can help us understand the mechanism of drug resistance and identify novel molecule inhibitors. ADMET parameters analysis of reported drugs and novel small molecule inhibitors can also provide valuable insights. In this review, available therapies, point mutations, structure-activity relationship and ADMET parameters of reported series of Abl1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors and drugs are summarised. We summarise in detail recent computational and molecular biology studies that focus on designing drug molecules, investigation of natural product compounds and organic new chemical entities. Current ongoing research suggests that selective targeting of Abl1 tyrosine kinase at the molecular level to combat drug resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masilamani Elizabeth Sobhia
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, India
| | - G Siva Kumar
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, India
| | - Antara Mallick
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, India
| | - Harmanpreet Singh
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, India
| | - Kranthi Kumar
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, India
| | - Meenakshi Chaurasiya
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, India
| | - Monica Singh
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, India
| | - Narendra Gera
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, India
| | - Sindhuja Deverakonda
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, India
| | - Vinay Baghel
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, S.A.S. Nagar, India
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8
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Angaroni F, Graudenzi A, Rossignolo M, Maspero D, Calarco T, Piazza R, Montangero S, Antoniotti M. An Optimal Control Framework for the Automated Design of Personalized Cancer Treatments. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:523. [PMID: 32548108 PMCID: PMC7270334 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the key challenges in current cancer research is the development of computational strategies to support clinicians in the identification of successful personalized treatments. Control theory might be an effective approach to this end, as proven by the long-established application to therapy design and testing. In this respect, we here introduce the Control Theory for Therapy Design (CT4TD) framework, which employs optimal control theory on patient-specific pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) models, to deliver optimized therapeutic strategies. The definition of personalized PK/PD models allows to explicitly consider the physiological heterogeneity of individuals and to adapt the therapy accordingly, as opposed to standard clinical practices. CT4TD can be used in two distinct scenarios. At the time of the diagnosis, CT4TD allows to set optimized personalized administration strategies, aimed at reaching selected target drug concentrations, while minimizing the costs in terms of toxicity and adverse effects. Moreover, if longitudinal data on patients under treatment are available, our approach allows to adjust the ongoing therapy, by relying on simplified models of cancer population dynamics, with the goal of minimizing or controlling the tumor burden. CT4TD is highly scalable, as it employs the efficient dCRAB/RedCRAB optimization algorithm, and the results are robust, as proven by extensive tests on synthetic data. Furthermore, the theoretical framework is general, and it might be applied to any therapy for which a PK/PD model can be estimated, and for any kind of administration and cost. As a proof of principle, we present the application of CT4TD to Imatinib administration in Chronic Myeloid leukemia, in which we adopt a simplified model of cancer population dynamics. In particular, we show that the optimized therapeutic strategies are diversified among patients, and display improvements with respect to the current standard regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Angaroni
- Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Alex Graudenzi
- Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IBFM-CNR), Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Rossignolo
- Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technologies, Institute for Quantum Optics, Universitat Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Maspero
- Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IBFM-CNR), Segrate, Milan, Italy.,Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Calarco
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute of Quantum Control (PGI-8), Jülich, Germany
| | - Rocco Piazza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.,Hematology and Clinical Research Unit, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Simone Montangero
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Padova, Italy.,Department of Physics and Astronomy "G. Galilei", University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Antoniotti
- Department of Informatics, Systems and Communication, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Bicocca Bioinformatics Biostatistics and Bioimaging Centre - B4, Milan, Italy
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9
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Abstract
Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec, Glivec [Novartis, Basel, Switzerland], formerly referred to as STI571 or CGP57148B) represents the paradigm of a new class of anticancer agents, so-called small molecules. They have a high selectivity against a specific molecular target known to be the cause for the establishment and maintenance of the malignant phenotype. Imatinib is a rationally designed oral signal transduction inhibitor that specifically targets several protein tyrosine kinases, Abl, Arg (Abl-related gene), the stem cell factor receptor (c-KIT), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGF-R), and their oncogenic forms, most notably BCR-ABL. Imatinib has been shown to have remarkable clinical activity in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and malignant gastrointestinal stroma tumors (GIST) leading to its approval for treatment of these diseases. Treatment with imatinib is generally well tolerated with a low incidence of severe side effects. The most common adverse events include mild to moderate edema, muscle cramps, diarrhea, nausea, skin rashes, and myelosuppression. Several mechanisms of resistance have been identified. Clonal evolution, amplification, or overexpression of BCR-ABL as well as mutations in the catalytic domain, P-loop, and other mutations have been demonstrated to play a role in primary and secondary resistance to imatinib, respectively. Understanding of the underlying mechanisms of resistance has led to the development of new second- and third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (see chapters on dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib, and ponatinib).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius F Waller
- Department of Haematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Centre Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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10
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Shin D, Lee W, Lee JH, Bang D. Multiplexed single-cell RNA-seq via transient barcoding for simultaneous expression profiling of various drug perturbations. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav2249. [PMID: 31106268 PMCID: PMC6520024 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav2249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has enabled access to information about gene expression in individual cells and insights into new biological areas. Although the interest in scRNA-seq has rapidly grown in recent years, the existing methods are plagued by many challenges when performing scRNA-seq on multiple samples. To simultaneously analyze multiple samples with scRNA-seq, we developed a universal sample barcoding method through transient transfection with short barcode oligonucleotides. By conducting a species-mixing experiment, we have validated the accuracy of our method and confirmed the ability to identify multiplets and negatives. Samples from a 48-plex drug treatment experiment were pooled and analyzed by a single run of Drop-Seq. This revealed unique transcriptome responses for each drug and target-specific gene expression signatures at the single-cell level. Our cost-effective method is widely applicable for the single-cell profiling of multiple experimental conditions, enabling the widespread adoption of scRNA-seq for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongju Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wookjae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding author. (D.B.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Duhee Bang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding author. (D.B.); (J.H.L.)
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11
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Shin D, Lee W, Lee JH, Bang D. Multiplexed single-cell RNA-seq via transient barcoding for simultaneous expression profiling of various drug perturbations. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaav2249. [PMID: 31106268 DOI: 10.1101/359851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has enabled access to information about gene expression in individual cells and insights into new biological areas. Although the interest in scRNA-seq has rapidly grown in recent years, the existing methods are plagued by many challenges when performing scRNA-seq on multiple samples. To simultaneously analyze multiple samples with scRNA-seq, we developed a universal sample barcoding method through transient transfection with short barcode oligonucleotides. By conducting a species-mixing experiment, we have validated the accuracy of our method and confirmed the ability to identify multiplets and negatives. Samples from a 48-plex drug treatment experiment were pooled and analyzed by a single run of Drop-Seq. This revealed unique transcriptome responses for each drug and target-specific gene expression signatures at the single-cell level. Our cost-effective method is widely applicable for the single-cell profiling of multiple experimental conditions, enabling the widespread adoption of scRNA-seq for various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongju Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wookjae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duhee Bang
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Ly KNI, Arrillaga-Romany IC. Neurologic Complications of Systemic Anticancer Therapy. Neurol Clin 2018; 36:627-651. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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13
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Soverini S, Mancini M, Bavaro L, Cavo M, Martinelli G. Chronic myeloid leukemia: the paradigm of targeting oncogenic tyrosine kinase signaling and counteracting resistance for successful cancer therapy. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:49. [PMID: 29455643 PMCID: PMC5817796 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0780-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated activity of BCR-ABL1, a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase encoded by the fusion gene resulting from the t(9;22)(q34;q11) chromosomal translocation, is thought to be the driver event responsible for initiation and maintenance of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). BCR-ABL1 was one of the first tyrosine kinases to be implicated in a human malignancy and the first to be successfully targeted. Imatinib mesylate, the first tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) to be approved for therapeutic use, was hailed as a magic bullet against cancer and remains one of the safest and most effective anticancer agents ever developed. Second- and third-generation TKIs were later introduced to prevent or counteract the problem of drug resistance, that may arise in a small proportion of patients. They are more potent molecules, but have been associated to more serious side effects and complications. Patients achieving stable optimal responses to TKI therapy are predicted to have the same life expectancy of the general population. However, TKIs do not ‘cure’ CML. Only a small proportion of cases may attempt therapy discontinuation without experiencing subsequent relapse. The great majority of patients will have to assume TKIs indefinitely – which raises serious pharmacoeconomic concerns and is now shifting the focus from efficacy to compliance and quality of life issues. Here we retrace the steps that have led from the biological acquisitions regarding BCR-ABL1 structure and function to the development of inhibitory strategies and we discuss drug resistance mechanism and how they can be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Soverini
- Hematology/Oncology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Manuela Mancini
- Hematology/Oncology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luana Bavaro
- Hematology/Oncology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Cavo
- Hematology/Oncology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Hematology/Oncology "L. e A. Seràgnoli", Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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14
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Frentzel J, Sorrentino D, Giuriato S. Targeting Autophagy in ALK-Associated Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:E161. [PMID: 29186933 PMCID: PMC5742809 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9120161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process, which is used by the cells for cytoplasmic quality control. This process is induced following different kinds of stresses e.g., metabolic, environmental, or therapeutic, and acts, in this framework, as a cell survival mechanism. However, under certain circumstances, autophagy has been associated with cell death. This duality has been extensively reported in solid and hematological cancers, and has been observed during both tumor development and cancer therapy. As autophagy plays a critical role at the crossroads between cell survival and cell death, its involvement and therapeutic modulation (either activation or inhibition) are currently intensively studied in cancer biology, to improve treatments and patient outcomes. Over the last few years, studies have demonstrated the occurrence of autophagy in different Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK)-associated cancers, notably ALK-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), Neuroblastoma (NB), and Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). In this review, we will first briefly describe the autophagic process and how it can lead to opposite outcomes in anti-cancer therapies, and we will then focus on what is currently known regarding autophagy in ALK-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Frentzel
- Merck Serono S.A., Route de Fenil 25, Z.I. B, 1804 Corsier-sur-Vevey, Switzerland.
| | - Domenico Sorrentino
- Inserm, UMR1037, CNRS, ERL5294, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, CRCT, F-31000 Toulouse, France.
| | - Sylvie Giuriato
- Inserm, UMR1037, CNRS, ERL5294, Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, CRCT, F-31000 Toulouse, France.
- European Research Initiative on ALK-related malignancies (ERIA).
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138.
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15
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Abstract
The hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) is a multipotent stem cell that resides in the bone marrow and has the ability to form all of the cells of the blood and immune system. Since its first purification in 1988, additional studies have refined the phenotype and functionality of HSCs and characterized all of their downstream progeny. The hematopoietic lineage is divided into two main branches: the myeloid and lymphoid arms. The myeloid arm is characterized by the common myeloid progenitor and all of its resulting cell types. The stages of hematopoiesis have been defined in both mice and humans. During embryological development, the earliest hematopoiesis takes place in yolk sac blood islands and then migrates to the fetal liver and hematopoietic organs. Some adult myeloid populations develop directly from yolk sac progenitors without apparent bone marrow intermediates, such as tissue-resident macrophages. Hematopoiesis also changes over time, with a bias of the dominating HSCs toward myeloid development as animals age. Defects in myelopoiesis contribute to many hematologic disorders, and some of these can be overcome with therapies that target the aberrant stage of development. Furthermore, insights into myeloid development have informed us of mechanisms of programmed cell removal. The CD47/SIRPα axis, a myeloid-specific immune checkpoint, limits macrophage removal of HSCs but can be exploited by hematologic and solid malignancies. Therapeutics targeting CD47 represent a new strategy for treating cancer. Overall, an understanding of hematopoiesis and myeloid cell development has implications for regenerative medicine, hematopoietic cell transplantation, malignancy, and many other diseases.
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16
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Kollmann K, Warsch W, Gonzalez-Arias C, Nice FL, Avezov E, Milburn J, Li J, Dimitropoulou D, Biddie S, Wang M, Poynton E, Colzani M, Tijssen MR, Anand S, McDermott U, Huntly B, Green T. A novel signalling screen demonstrates that CALR mutations activate essential MAPK signalling and facilitate megakaryocyte differentiation. Leukemia 2017; 31:934-944. [PMID: 27740635 PMCID: PMC5383931 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Most myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) patients lacking JAK2 mutations harbour somatic CALR mutations that are thought to activate cytokine signalling although the mechanism is unclear. To identify kinases important for survival of CALR-mutant cells, we developed a novel strategy (KISMET) that utilizes the full range of kinase selectivity data available from each inhibitor and thus takes advantage of off-target noise that limits conventional small-interfering RNA or inhibitor screens. KISMET successfully identified known essential kinases in haematopoietic and non-haematopoietic cell lines and identified the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway as required for growth of the CALR-mutated MARIMO cells. Expression of mutant CALR in murine or human haematopoietic cell lines was accompanied by myeloproliferative leukemia protein (MPL)-dependent activation of MAPK signalling, and MPN patients with CALR mutations showed increased MAPK activity in CD34 cells, platelets and megakaryocytes. Although CALR mutations resulted in protein instability and proteosomal degradation, mutant CALR was able to enhance megakaryopoiesis and pro-platelet production from human CD34+ progenitors. These data link aberrant MAPK activation to the MPN phenotype and identify it as a potential therapeutic target in CALR-mutant positive MPNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kollmann
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - W Warsch
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - C Gonzalez-Arias
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - F L Nice
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - E Avezov
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Milburn
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J Li
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D Dimitropoulou
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Biddie
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Wang
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - E Poynton
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Colzani
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - M R Tijssen
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, and National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Anand
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - U McDermott
- Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - B Huntly
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - T Green
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research and Wellcome Trust/MRC Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
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17
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Tiwari RK, Brown A, Sadeghiani N, Shirazi AN, Bolton J, Tse A, Verkhivker G, Parang K, Sun G. Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Dasatinib-Amino Acid and Dasatinib-Fatty Acid Conjugates as Protein Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:86-99. [PMID: 27875633 PMCID: PMC5224969 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Derivatives of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib were synthesized by esterification with 25 carboxylic acids, including amino acids and fatty acids, thereby extending the drug to interact with more diverse sites and to improve specificity. The dasatinib-l-arginine derivative (Das-R, 7) was found to be the most potent of the inhibitors tested, with IC50 values of 4.4, <0.25, and <0.45 nm against Csk, Src, and Abl kinases, respectively. The highest selectivity ratio obtained in our study, 91.4 Csk/Src, belonged to compound 18 (Das-C10 ) with an IC50 value of 3.2 μm for Csk compared with 35 nm for Src. Furthermore, many compounds displayed increased selectivity toward Src over Abl. Compounds 15 (Das-glutamic acid) and 13 (Das-cysteine) demonstrated the largest gains (10.2 and 10.3 Abl/Src IC50 ratios). Das-R (IC50 =2.06 μm) was significantly more potent than the parent dasatinib (IC50 =26.3 μm) against Panc-1 cells, whereas both compounds showed IC50 <51.2 pm against BV-173 and K562 cells. Molecular modeling and binding free energy simulations revealed good agreements with the experimental results and rationalized the differences in selectivity among the studied compounds. Integration of experimental and computational approaches in the design and biochemical screening of dasatinib derivatives facilitated rational engineering and diversification of the dasatinib scaffold, providing useful insight into mechanisms of kinase selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K Tiwari
- Center For Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Alex Brown
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, 389 CBLS Building, 120 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Neda Sadeghiani
- Center For Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Amir Nasrolahi Shirazi
- Center For Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Jared Bolton
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, 389 CBLS Building, 120 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
| | - Amanda Tse
- Schmid College of Science and Technology Physics, Computational Science and Engineering, Chapman University, Orange, CA, 92866, USA
| | - Gennady Verkhivker
- Schmid College of Science and Technology Physics, Computational Science and Engineering, Chapman University, Orange, CA, 92866, USA
| | - Keykavous Parang
- Center For Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, 9401 Jeronimo Road, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Gongqin Sun
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, 389 CBLS Building, 120 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI, 02881, USA
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18
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Alaiya AA, Aljurf M, Shinwari Z, Almohareb F, Malhan H, Alzahrani H, Owaidah T, Fox J, Alsharif F, Mohamed SY, Rasheed W, Aldawsari G, Hanbali A, Ahmed SO, Chaudhri N. Protein signatures as potential surrogate biomarkers for stratification and prediction of treatment response in chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:913-33. [PMID: 27573699 PMCID: PMC4948960 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is unmet need for prediction of treatment response for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. The present study aims to identify disease-specific/disease-associated protein biomarkers detectable in bone marrow and peripheral blood for objective prediction of individual’s best treatment options and prognostic monitoring of CML patients. Bone marrow plasma (BMP) and peripheral blood plasma (PBP) samples from newly-diagnosed chronic-phase CML patients were subjected to expression-proteomics using quantitative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and label-free liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Analysis of 2-DE protein fingerprints preceding therapy commencement accurately predicts 13 individuals that achieved major molecular response (MMR) at 6 months from 12 subjects without MMR (No-MMR). Results were independently validated using LC-MS/MS analysis of BMP and PBP from patients that have more than 24 months followed-up. One hundred and sixty-four and 138 proteins with significant differential expression profiles were identified from PBP and BMP, respectively and only 54 proteins overlap between the two datasets. The protein panels also discriminates accurately patients that stay on imatinib treatment from patients ultimately needing alternative treatment. Among the identified proteins are TYRO3, a member of TAM family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), the S100A8, and MYC and all of which have been implicated in CML. Our findings indicate analyses of a panel of protein signatures is capable of objective prediction of molecular response and therapy choice for CML patients at diagnosis as ‘personalized-medicine-model’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodele A Alaiya
- Proteomics Unit, Stem Cell and Tissue Re-Engineering Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Aljurf
- Adult Hematology/HSCT Section, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Zakia Shinwari
- Proteomics Unit, Stem Cell and Tissue Re-Engineering Program, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Almohareb
- Adult Hematology/HSCT Section, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz Malhan
- Adult Hematology/HSCT Section, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hazzaa Alzahrani
- Adult Hematology/HSCT Section, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek Owaidah
- Hematopathology Section, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Jonathan Fox
- Waters U.K. Limited, Atlas Park, Simonsway, Manchester, M22 5PP, UK
| | - Fahad Alsharif
- Adult Hematology/HSCT Section, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Said Y Mohamed
- Adult Hematology/HSCT Section, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid Rasheed
- Adult Hematology/HSCT Section, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghuzayel Aldawsari
- Adult Hematology/HSCT Section, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Hanbali
- Adult Hematology/HSCT Section, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Syed Osman Ahmed
- Adult Hematology/HSCT Section, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
| | - Naeem Chaudhri
- Adult Hematology/HSCT Section, Oncology Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, (KFSH&RC), Riyadh, 11211 Saudi Arabia
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19
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Abruzzese E, Trawinska MM, de Fabritiis P, Baccarani M. Management of pregnant chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Expert Rev Hematol 2016; 9:781-91. [PMID: 27352939 DOI: 10.1080/17474086.2016.1205479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) therapy, chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), has moved from a fatal illness to a manageable disease with a possible normal lifespan. For this reason is more and more frequent that younger patients address the possibility to conceive, if men, or get pregnant, if women. Knowledge of safety and risks concerning both patient and progeny, as well as important cultural, ethical and psychosocial issues must be taken into consideration. AREAS COVERED Data published and informations acquired in terms of fertility, conception, pregnancy, pregnancy outcome and illness control for all the approved TKIs will be reviewed, as well as suggest how to manage a planned and/or unplanned pregnancy/conception. Literature search methodology included examination of PubMed index, meeting presentations, and updated Investigator's brochures and data files of TKIs companies. Expert commentary: Male patients trying to conceive apparently have no limitation in the use of TKIs, while effective contraception should be encouraged in all female patients due to the risk of fetal complications after drug exposure. In a female patient pregnancy should be planned and TKI therapy discontinued, while individual risks need to be considered when an unplanned pregnancy occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paolo de Fabritiis
- a Hematology, S. Eugenio Hospital , Tor Vergata University , Rome , Italy
| | - Michele Baccarani
- b Department of Hematology & Oncology 'L. and A. Seràgnoli' , S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital , Bologna , Italy
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20
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Fraietta I, Gasparri F. The development of high-content screening (HCS) technology and its importance to drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2016; 11:501-14. [PMID: 26971542 DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2016.1165203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-content screening (HCS) was introduced about twenty years ago as a promising analytical approach to facilitate some critical aspects of drug discovery. Its application has spread progressively within the pharmaceutical industry and academia to the point that it today represents a fundamental tool in supporting drug discovery and development. AREAS COVERED Here, the authors review some of significant progress in the HCS field in terms of biological models and assay readouts. They highlight the importance of high-content screening in drug discovery, as testified by its numerous applications in a variety of therapeutic areas: oncology, infective diseases, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. They also dissect the role of HCS technology in different phases of the drug discovery pipeline: target identification, primary compound screening, secondary assays, mechanism of action studies and in vitro toxicology. EXPERT OPINION Recent advances in cellular assay technologies, such as the introduction of three-dimensional (3D) cultures, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and genome editing technologies (e.g., CRISPR/Cas9), have tremendously expanded the potential of high-content assays to contribute to the drug discovery process. Increasingly predictive cellular models and readouts, together with the development of more sophisticated and affordable HCS readers, will further consolidate the role of HCS technology in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Fraietta
- a Department of Biology , Nerviano Medical Sciences S.r.l ., Nerviano , Milano , Italy
| | - Fabio Gasparri
- a Department of Biology , Nerviano Medical Sciences S.r.l ., Nerviano , Milano , Italy
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21
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Gambacorti-Passerini C, Aroldi A, Cordani N, Piazza R. Chronic myeloid leukemia: Second-line drugs of choice. Am J Hematol 2016; 91:67-75. [PMID: 26588811 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of second-line treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) plays an important role in allowing CML patients to enjoy a normal life expectancy. Four tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are presently available: bosutinib, dasatinib, nilotinib, ponatinib. Each one has different safety and activity profiles, which are reviewed here. No controlled studies are available to guide treatment decision, which must be based on the characterization of leukemic cells, especially in cases of resistance to TKI, coupled with the safety profile of each TKI. Patient comorbidities also play an important role in the treatment decision, which can achieve a new durable response in over 50% of treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Milano-Bicocca, Section of Hematology, San Gerardo Hospital; Monza Italy
| | - Andrea Aroldi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Milano-Bicocca, Section of Hematology, San Gerardo Hospital; Monza Italy
| | - Nicoletta Cordani
- Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Milano-Bicocca, Section of Hematology, San Gerardo Hospital; Monza Italy
| | - Rocco Piazza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery; University of Milano-Bicocca, Section of Hematology, San Gerardo Hospital; Monza Italy
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22
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Mori S, Vagge E, le Coutre P, Abruzzese E, Martino B, Pungolino E, Elena C, Pierri I, Assouline S, D'Emilio A, Gozzini A, Giraldo P, Stagno F, Iurlo A, Luciani M, De Riso G, Redaelli S, Kim DW, Pirola A, Mezzatesta C, Petroccione A, Lodolo D'Oria A, Crivori P, Piazza R, Gambacorti-Passerini C. Age and dPCR can predict relapse in CML patients who discontinued imatinib: the ISAV study. Am J Hematol 2015; 90:910-4. [PMID: 26178642 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.24120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib is effective for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However even undetectable BCR-ABL1 by Q-RT-PCR does not equate to eradication of the disease. Digital-PCR (dPCR), able to detect 1 BCR-ABL1 positive cell out of 10(7) , has been recently developed. The ISAV study is a multicentre trial aimed at validating dPCR to predict relapses after imatinib discontinuation in CML patients with undetectable Q-RT-PCR. CML patients under imatinib therapy since more than 2 years and with undetectable PCR for at least 18 months were eligible. Patients were monitored by standard Q-RT-PCR for 36 months. Patients losing molecular remission (two consecutive positive Q-RT-PCR with at least 1 BCR-ABL1/ABL1 value above 0.1%) resumed imatinib. The study enrolled 112 patients, with a median follow-up of 21.6 months. Fifty-two of the 108 evaluable patients (48.1%), relapsed; 73.1% relapsed in the first 9 months but 14 late relapses were observed between 10 and 22 months. Among the 56 not-relapsed patients, 40 (37.0% of total) regained Q-RT-PCR positivity but never lost MMR. dPCR results showed a significant negative predictive value ratio of 1.115 [95% CI: 1.013-1.227]. An inverse relationship between patients age and risk of relapse was evident: 95% of patients <45 years relapsed versus 42% in the class ≥45 to <65 years and 33% of patients ≥65 years [P(χ(2) ) < 0.0001]. Relapse rates ranged between 100% (<45 years, dPCR+) and 36% (>45 years, dPCR-). Imatinib can be safely discontinued in the setting of continued PCR negativity; age and dPCR results can predict relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Mori
- Department of Health Sciences; University Of Milano-Bicocca; Monza Italy
| | - Elisabetta Vagge
- Department of Health Sciences; University Of Milano-Bicocca; Monza Italy
| | - Philipp le Coutre
- Department of Haematology And Oncology; Charité - Humboldt-Universität; Campus Virchow Berlin Germany
| | - Elisabetta Abruzzese
- Department of Haematology; S. Eugenio Hospital, Tor Vergata University; Roma Italy
| | - Bruno Martino
- Department of Haematology; Bianchi Melacrino Morelli Hospital; Reggio Calabria Italy
| | - Ester Pungolino
- Department of Haematology; Niguarda Ca' Granda Hospital; Milano Italy
| | - Chiara Elena
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy and Department of Haematology Oncology; Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo; Pavia Italy
| | - Ivana Pierri
- Haematology Clinic, IRCSS AOU S. Martino-IST, University Of Genova; Genova Italy
| | - Sarit Assouline
- Division of Haematology; Jewish General Hospital, McGill University; Montreal QC Canada
| | | | | | - Pilar Giraldo
- Haematology; Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet; Zaragoza Spain
| | - Fabio Stagno
- Haematology; University Of Catania; Catania Italy
| | - Alessandra Iurlo
- Oncohaematology Division, IRCCS Ca' Granda Maggiore Policlinico Hospital Foundation, University Of Milano; Milano Italy
| | - Michela Luciani
- Department of Health Sciences; University Of Milano-Bicocca; Monza Italy
| | - Giulia De Riso
- Department of Health Sciences; University Of Milano-Bicocca; Monza Italy
| | - Sara Redaelli
- Department of Health Sciences; University Of Milano-Bicocca; Monza Italy
| | - Dong-Wook Kim
- Haematology Department; Cancer Research Institute, The Catholic University Of Korea; Seoul South Korea
| | - Alessandra Pirola
- Department of Health Sciences; University Of Milano-Bicocca; Monza Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Rocco Piazza
- Department of Health Sciences; University Of Milano-Bicocca; Monza Italy
| | - Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini
- Department of Health Sciences; University Of Milano-Bicocca; Monza Italy
- Clinical Research Unit; Haematology, San Gerardo Hospital; Monza Italy
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23
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Na IK, le Coutre P. Emerging Role of Tyrosine Kinases as Drugable Targets in Cancer. Biomark Insights 2015; 10:29-31. [PMID: 26401097 PMCID: PMC4567050 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s22432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Revised: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine kinases (TKs) play a significant role in cancerogenesis and cancer cell function. Initial developments in this field go back to the early 80s, but the success story really started with the selective BCR-ABL inhibitor, imatinib. Owing to the cancer-driving role of BCR-ABL in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), excellent response rates lead to fast FDA approval in both the first and second treatments of CML patients. Since then, numerous TKs were identified. TK inhibitors have been developed accordingly, and technology to test for ideal drug–target interactions has profoundly improved. By now, medical oncologists and hematologists struggle to have a pool of potential TK inhibitors, where the most efficient one could be picked out to treat a specific cancer patient, which might also help overcome the occurring resistance mechanisms against TK inhibitors. Whether disease eradication can be achieved via single or sequential TK inhibitor treatment(s) needs to be tested in the present and in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Kang Na
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany. ; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp le Coutre
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Tumor Immunology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Yamaguchi SI, Ueki A, Sugihara E, Onishi N, Yaguchi T, Kawakami Y, Horiuchi K, Morioka H, Matsumoto M, Nakamura M, Muto A, Toyama Y, Saya H, Shimizu T. Synergistic antiproliferative effect of imatinib and adriamycin in platelet-derived growth factor receptor-expressing osteosarcoma cells. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:875-82. [PMID: 25940371 PMCID: PMC4520639 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent primary solid malignant tumor of bone. Its prognosis remains poor in the substantial proportion of patients who do not respond to chemotherapy and novel therapeutic options are therefore needed. We previously established a mouse model that mimics the aggressive behavior of human OS. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based screening of such mouse tumor lysates identified platelet-derived growth factor–BB (PDGF-BB) as an abundant soluble factor, the gene for which was expressed dominantly in surrounding non-malignant cells of the tumor, whereas that for the cognate receptor (PDGF receptor β) was highly expressed in OS cells. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB induced activation of both MEK–ERK and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase–protein kinase B signaling pathways and promoted survival in OS cells deprived of serum, and these effects were blocked by the PDGF receptor inhibitor imatinib. However, these actions of PDGF-BB and imatinib were mostly masked in the presence of serum. Whereas imatinib alone did not manifest an antitumor effect in mice harboring OS tumors, combined treatment with imatinib and adriamycin exerted a synergistic antiproliferative effect on OS cells in vivo. These results suggest that treatment of OS with imatinib is effective only when cell survival is dependent on PDGF signaling or when imatinib is combined with another therapeutic intervention that renders the tumor cells susceptible to imatinib action, such as by inducing cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka I Yamaguchi
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research (IAMR), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arisa Ueki
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research (IAMR), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiji Sugihara
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research (IAMR), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Core research for evolutionary science and technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Onishi
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research (IAMR), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomonori Yaguchi
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research (IAMR), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Kawakami
- Division of Cellular Signaling, Institute for Advanced Medical Research (IAMR), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Horiuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Morioka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morio Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Nakamura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Muto
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Toyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saya
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research (IAMR), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Core research for evolutionary science and technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takatsune Shimizu
- Division of Gene Regulation, Institute for Advanced Medical Research (IAMR), Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Core research for evolutionary science and technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pathophysiology, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan
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25
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Gambacorti-Passerini C, Piazza R. How I treat newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia in 2015. Am J Hematol 2015; 90:156-61. [PMID: 25370814 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The initial treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CP-CML) represents a complex process, which includes a prompt and precise diagnosis, the choice among three available tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and the initial management of care for these patients, which will protract over a very long period of time. This manuscript summarizes different data on activity, side effects, and supportive measures available for each TKI, the need for particular care in the logistical organization of CML management, the scenario which will be opened by the future availability of generic imatinib. The opinion of the authors is that imatinib remains the first-line treatment for CP-CML; this strategy, accompanied by intensive monitoring and possible dose modification/drug switch after the initial 3-12 months of treatment presently assures a normal life expectancy to the population of newly diagnosed patients with CP-CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Gambacorti-Passerini
- Department of Health Sciences; University of Milano-Bicocca, Section of Hematology, San Gerardo Hospital; Monza Italy
| | - Rocco Piazza
- Department of Health Sciences; University of Milano-Bicocca, Section of Hematology, San Gerardo Hospital; Monza Italy
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26
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Hegedüs C, Hegedüs T, Sarkadi B. The Role of ABC Multidrug Transporters in Resistance to Targeted Anticancer Kinase Inhibitors. RESISTANCE TO TARGETED ANTI-CANCER THERAPEUTICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09801-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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27
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Antibody-based detection of protein phosphorylation status to track the efficacy of novel therapies using nanogram protein quantities from stem cells and cell lines. Nat Protoc 2014; 10:149-68. [PMID: 25521791 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2015.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This protocol describes a highly reproducible antibody-based method that provides protein level and phosphorylation status information from nanogram quantities of protein cell lysate. Nanocapillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF) combines with UV-activated linking chemistry to detect changes in phosphorylation status. As an example application, we describe how to detect changes in response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in the phosphorylation status of the adaptor protein CrkL, a major substrate of the oncogenic tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), using highly enriched CML stem cells and mature cell populations in vitro. This protocol provides a 2.5 pg/nl limit of protein detection (<0.2% of a stem cell sample containing <10(4) cells). Additional assays are described for phosphorylated tyrosine 207 (pTyr207)-CrkL and the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPRC/CD45; these assays were developed using this protocol and applied to CML patient samples. This method is of high throughput, and it can act as a screen for in vitro cancer stem cell response to drugs and novel agents.
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28
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Stine RR, Greenspan LJ, Ramachandran KV, Matunis EL. Coordinate regulation of stem cell competition by Slit-Robo and JAK-STAT signaling in the Drosophila testis. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004713. [PMID: 25375180 PMCID: PMC4222695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells in tissues reside in and receive signals from local microenvironments called niches. Understanding how multiple signals within niches integrate to control stem cell function is challenging. The Drosophila testis stem cell niche consists of somatic hub cells that maintain both germline stem cells and somatic cyst stem cells (CySCs). Here, we show a role for the axon guidance pathway Slit-Roundabout (Robo) in the testis niche. The ligand Slit is expressed specifically in hub cells while its receptor, Roundabout 2 (Robo2), is required in CySCs in order for them to compete for occupancy in the niche. CySCs also require the Slit-Robo effector Abelson tyrosine kinase (Abl) to prevent over-adhesion of CySCs to the niche, and CySCs mutant for Abl outcompete wild type CySCs for niche occupancy. Both Robo2 and Abl phenotypes can be rescued through modulation of adherens junction components, suggesting that the two work together to balance CySC adhesion levels. Interestingly, expression of Robo2 requires JAK-STAT signaling, an important maintenance pathway for both germline and cyst stem cells in the testis. Our work indicates that Slit-Robo signaling affects stem cell function downstream of the JAK-STAT pathway by controlling the ability of stem cells to compete for occupancy in their niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R. Stine
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Leah J. Greenspan
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kapil V. Ramachandran
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Erika L. Matunis
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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29
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Bajaj R, Sharma V, Kumar V. Pharmacophore mapping: Prediction of BCR–ABL kinase inhibitory activity of α-benzylthio chalcones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bfopcu.2013.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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30
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Meng F, Zeng W, Huang L, Qin S, Miao N, Sun H, Li C. In vitro effects of imatinib on CD34 + cells of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in the megakaryocytic crisis phase. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:791-796. [PMID: 24527087 PMCID: PMC3919897 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Imatinib is a tailored drug for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), and has substantial activity and a favorable safety profile when used as a single agent in patients with CML in myeloid blast crisis. The megakaryocytic blast crisis in CML occurs rarely and carries a poor prognosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of imatinib on cluster of differentiation (CD)34+ cells from patients with CML in the megakaryocytic crisis phase. Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNCs) were isolated from patients with CML in the megakaryocytic crisis phase. CD34+ cells were selected from BMNCs by positive immunomagnetic column separation. Imatinib significantly induced G1 arrest, reduced the phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 and retinoblastoma proteins and inhibited the proliferation of CD34+ cells from patients with CML in the megakaryocytic crisis phase. Annexin V/propidium iodide and caspase-3 activity showed that imatinib induced apoptosis. Western blot analysis and protein tyrosine kinase activity assays showed that imatinib inhibited BCR-ABL protein tyrosine kinase activity. The in vitro data thus markedly indicate a potential clinical application of imatinib for patients with CML in the megakaryocytic crisis phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fankai Meng
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Lifang Huang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Qin
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ningning Miao
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Hanying Sun
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Chunrui Li
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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Abstract
Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec, Glivec [Novartis, Basel, Switzerland], formerly referred to as STI571 or CGP57148B) represents the paradigm of a new class of anticancer agents, so-called small molecules. They have a high selectivity against a specific molecular target known to be the cause for the establishment and maintenance of the malignant phenotype. Imatinib is a rationally designed oral signal transduction inhibitor that specifically targets several protein tyrosine kinases, Abl, Arg (Abl-related gene), the stem cell factor receptor (c-KIT), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGF-R), and their oncogenic forms, most notably BCR-ABL. Imatinib has been shown to have remarkable clinical activity in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and malignant gastrointestinal stroma tumors (GIST) leading to its approval for treatment of these diseases. Treatment with imatinib is generally well tolerated with a low incidence of severe side effects. The most common adverse events include mild to moderate edema, muscle cramps, diarrhea, nausea, skin rashes, and myelosuppression. Several mechanisms of resistance have been identified. Clonal evolution, amplification, or overexpression of BCR-ABL as well as mutations in the catalytic domain, P-loop, and other mutations have been demonstrated to play a role in primary and secondary resistance to imatinib, respectively. Understanding of the underlying mechanisms of resistance has led to the development of new second- and third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (see chapters on dasatinib, nilotinib, bosutinib, and ponatinib).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelius F Waller
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University of Freiburg Medical Center, Hugstetter Street 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany,
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32
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Mologni L, Redaelli S, Morandi A, Plaza-Menacho I, Gambacorti-Passerini C. Ponatinib is a potent inhibitor of wild-type and drug-resistant gatekeeper mutant RET kinase. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 377:1-6. [PMID: 23811235 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
RET kinase is aberrantly activated in thyroid cancers and in rare cases of lung and colon cancer, and has been validated as a molecular target in these tumors. Vandetanib was recently approved for the treatment of medullary thyroid cancer. However, vandetanib is ineffective in vitro against RET mutants carrying bulky aminoacids at position 804, the gatekeeper residue, similarly to drug-resistant BCR-ABL mutants in chronic myeloid leukemia. Ponatinib is a multi-target kinase inhibitor that was recently approved for treatment-refractory Philadelphia-positive leukemia. We show here potent inhibition of oncogenic RET by ponatinib, including the drug-insensitive V804M/L mutants. Ponatinib inhibited the growth of RET+ and BCR-ABL+ cells with similar potency, while not affecting RET-negative cells. Both in biochemical and in cellular assays ponatinib compared favorably with known RET inhibitors, such as vandetanib, cabozantinib, sorafenib, sunitinib and motesanib, used as reference compounds. We suggest that ponatinib should be considered for the treatment of RET+ tumors, in particular those expressing vandetanib-resistant V804M/L mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Mologni
- Dept. of Health Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy.
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Ekiz HA, Can G, Gunduz U, Baran Y. Nilotinib significantly induces apoptosis in imatinib resistant K562 cells with wild-type BCR–ABL, as effectively as in parental sensitive counterparts. Hematology 2013; 15:33-8. [DOI: 10.1179/102453310x12583347009775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Atakan Ekiz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Geylani Can
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Gunduz
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsMiddle East Technical University, Cankaya, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Baran
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
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3-Anhydro-6-hydroxy-ophiobolin A, a new sesterterpene inhibiting the growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and inducing the cell death by apoptosis on K562, from the phytopathogenic fungus Bipolaris oryzae. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3547-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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35
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Baran Y, Saydam G. Cumulative clinical experience from a decade of use: imatinib as first-line treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. J Blood Med 2012. [PMID: 23180974 PMCID: PMC3503471 DOI: 10.2147/jbm.s29132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a malignant disease that originates in the bone marrow and is designated by the presence of the Philadelphia (Ph+) chromosome, a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. Targeted therapy against CML commenced with the development of small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) exerting their effect against the oncogenic breakpoint cluster region (BCR)-ABL fusion protein. Imatinib emerged as the first successful example of a TKI used for the treatment of chronic-phase CML patients and resulted in significant improvements in response rate and overall survival compared with previous treatments. However, a significant portion of patients failed to respond to the therapy and developed resistance against imatinib. Second-generation TKIs nilotinib and dasatinib were to have higher efficiency in clinical trials in imatinib- resistant or intolerant CML patients compared with imatinib. Identification of novel strategies such as dose escalation, drug combination therapy, and use of novel BCR-ABL inhibitors may eventually overcome resistance against BCR-ABL TKIs. This article reviews the history of CML, including the treatment strategies used prediscovery of TKIs and the preclinical and clinical data obtained after the use of imatinib, and the second-generation TKIs developed for the treatment of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Baran
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey
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36
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Pillai RN, Chen LS, Ayres ML, Nowak BJ, Thomas MW, Shpall EJ, Keating MJ, Gandhi V. Multifaceted actions of 8-amino-adenosine kill BCR-ABL positive cells. Leuk Lymphoma 2012; 53:2024-32. [PMID: 22448923 PMCID: PMC5648543 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2012.678003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Survival of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells is dependent on BCR-ABL kinase, the activity of which is contingent on the level of BCR-ABL protein and the availability of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). We hypothesized that 8-amino-adenosine (8-amino-Ado)-mediated reduction in cellular ATP level and inhibition of mRNA synthesis leading to a decrease in protein level would result in a multifaceted targeting of BCR-ABL. Using K562 cells, we demonstrated that there was a dose- and time-dependent increase in 8-amino-ATP accompanied by a > 95% decline in the endogenous ATP pool. In parallel, 8-amino-Ado inhibited RNA synthesis and resulted in a depletion of BCR-ABL transcript. Consistent with this, BCR-ABL and ABL protein levels were also decreased. These effects were associated with the initiation of cell death as visualized by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage, decreased clonogenicity and greater than additive interaction with imatinib. In imatinib-sensitive and -resistant KBM5 cells, 8-amino-Ado treatment augmented the imatinib effect on growth inhibition.
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MESH Headings
- Adenosine/analogs & derivatives
- Adenosine/chemistry
- Adenosine/pharmacology
- Adenosine/toxicity
- Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Benzamides
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Humans
- Imatinib Mesylate
- K562 Cells
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Piperazines/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Transcription, Genetic/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathi N. Pillai
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77230-1429
| | - Lisa S. Chen
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77230-1429
| | - Mary L. Ayres
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77230-1429
| | - Billie J. Nowak
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77230-1429
| | - Michael W. Thomas
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77230-1429
| | - Elizabeth J. Shpall
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77230-1429
| | - Michael J. Keating
- Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77230-1429
| | - Varsha Gandhi
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77230-1429
- Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77230-1429
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Determination of unbound fraction of imatinib and N-desmethyl imatinib, validation of an UPLC–MS/MS assay and ultrafiltration method. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 907:94-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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38
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Cheng S, Koch WH, Wu L. Co-development of a companion diagnostic for targeted cancer therapy. N Biotechnol 2012; 29:682-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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39
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Srinivas BH, Paul TR, Uppin SG, Uppin MS, Jacob RT, Raghunadharao D. Morphologic Changes in the Bone Marrow in Patients of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) Treated with ImatinibMesylate. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2012; 28:162-9. [PMID: 23997453 PMCID: PMC3422382 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-011-0136-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Imatinib mesylate (Gleevec) is an effective treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Though cytogenetic and molecular analyses are essential disease monitoring parameters in CML bone marrow morphological response is not well defined. We examined marrow samples from 40 patients with CML which have at least 2 or more follow-up marrow. A significant positive correlation with complete cytogenetic response shown for normalization of cellularity (P = 0.0097), absence of dry tap (P = 0.0368) and abnormal megakaryocytes (P = 0.005), reduction of blasts (P = 0.019), basophils (P = 0.031), M:E index (P = 0.018) and fibrosis (P = 0.018). Morphological criteria for complete cytogenetic response in CML patients treated with Imatinib can be defined.Morphologic response is also of potential clinical value in addition to cytogenetic and molecular response in patients of CML treated with Imatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. H. Srinivas
- Department of Pathology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Panjagutta, Hyderabad, 500082 India
| | - T. Roshni Paul
- Department of Pathology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Panjagutta, Hyderabad, 500082 India
| | - Shantveer G. Uppin
- Department of Pathology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Panjagutta, Hyderabad, 500082 India
| | - Megha S. Uppin
- Department of Pathology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Panjagutta, Hyderabad, 500082 India
| | - Rachel T. Jacob
- Department of Pathology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Panjagutta, Hyderabad, 500082 India
| | - D. Raghunadharao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Panjagutta, Hyderabad, 500082 India
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Nasr R, Bazarbachi A. Leucémie myéloïde chronique : « archétype » de l’impact des traitements ciblés. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 60:239-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2012.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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41
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Meyer WH. Playing Bad Cards Properly: Challenges to Improving Cure Rates in Rhabdomyosarcoma. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30:2431-3. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2012.42.4275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- William H. Meyer
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
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The Role of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Imatinib in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia and Metastatic or Unresectable Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors. Ther Drug Monit 2012; 34:85-97. [DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0b013e31823cdec9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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43
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Peng XX, Tiwari AK, Wu HC, Chen ZS. Overexpression of P-glycoprotein induces acquired resistance to imatinib in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2011; 31:110-8. [PMID: 22098951 PMCID: PMC3777469 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.011.10327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib, a breakpoint cluster region (BCR)-Abelson murine leukemia(ABL) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), has revolutionized the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). However, development of multidrug resistance(MDR) limits the use of imatinib. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the mechanisms of cellular resistance to imatinib in CML. Therefore, we established an imatinib-resistant human CML cell line(K562-imatinib) through a stepwise selection process. While characterizing the phenotype of these cells, we found that K562-imatinib cells were 124.6-fold more resistant to imatinib than parental K562 cells. In addition, these cells were cross-resistant to second- and third-generation BCR-ABL TKIs. Western blot analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) demonstrated that P-glycoprotein(P-gp) and MDR1 mRNA levels were increased in K562-imatinib cells. In addition, accumulation of [14C]6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) was decreased, whereas the ATP-dependent efflux of [14C]6-MP and [3H]methotrexate transport were increased in K562-imatinib cells. These data suggest that the overexpression of P-gp may play a crucial role in acquired resistance to imatinib in CML K562-imatinib cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Xiang Peng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
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44
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Kharas MG, Daley GQ. From Hen House to Bedside: Tracing Hanafusa's Legacy from Avian Leukemia Viruses to SRC to ABL and Beyond. Genes Cancer 2011; 1:1164-9. [PMID: 21779439 DOI: 10.1177/1947601911407327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the Src oncogene was the first step on a long journey toward improved cancer chemotherapy. In this review, we explore Src and BCR-ABL, signal transduction, and recent advances in oncogene addiction and celebrate Hidesaboro Hanafusa and the many researchers who ushered in the age of target-directed therapy against tyrosine kinase oncoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Kharas
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
The clinical outcome for patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) has changed dramatically in the past 15 years. This has been due to the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), compounds that inhibit the activity of the oncogenic BCR-ABL1 protein. Imatinib was the first TKI developed for CML, and it led to high rates of complete cytogenetic responses and improved survival for patients with this disease. However, approximately 35% of patients in chronic phase treated with imatinib will develop resistance or intolerance to this drug. The recognition of the problem of imatinib failure led to the design of second-generation TKI (dasatinib, nilotinib, and bosutinib). These drugs are highly active in the scenario of imatinib resistance or intolerance. More recently, both nilotinib and dasatinib were approved for frontline use in patients with chronic phase CML. Ponatinib represents the last generation of TKI, and this drug has been developed with the aim of targeting a specific BCR-ABL1 mutation (T315I), which arises in the setting of prolonged TKI therapy and leads to resistance to all commercially available TKI. Parallel to the development of specific drugs for treating CML, major advances were made in the field of disease monitoring and standardization of response criteria. In this review, we summarize how therapy with TKI for CML has evolved during the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio P S Santos
- Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Department, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Hagop Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alfonso Quintás-Cardama
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jorge Cortes
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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46
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Mendoza FA, Jiménez SA. Tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy for systemic sclerosis: Quo Vadis? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:3199-203. [DOI: 10.1002/art.30545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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47
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Popow-Woźniak A, Woźniakowska A, Kaczmarek L, Malicka-Błaszkiewicz M, Nowak D. Apoptotic effect of imatinib on human colon adenocarcinoma cells: influence on actin cytoskeleton organization and cell migration. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 667:66-73. [PMID: 21658383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib mesylate (STI571) is the first member of a new class of agents that act by inhibiting specific tyrosine kinases, rather than killing all rapidly dividing cells. This drug is usually used in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. It was recognized to inhibit activity of kinases such as Bcr/Abl, platelet-derived growth factor receptor, and c-kit. These proteins play important roles in cell growth, motility, and survival. Therefore, studies on the biological effects of imatinib on different cellular models are very important. Human colon adenocarcinoma LS180 cell line was used in the studies presented. Cells were exposed to 0.1-100 μM imatinib for 24 and 48 h. Dose-dependent decreases in cell viability and morphological changes were observed. Moreover, the apoptotic effect of imatinib (10 μM, 50 μM) after 24 h of exposure was demonstrated as evaluated by translocation of phosphatidylserine to external membrane leaflet and by increased activity of caspase-3. Special attention was focused on imatinib influence on actin cytoskeleton organization and migration ability of LS180 cells. Distinct alterations in actin cytoskeleton architecture occurred in response to drug treatment, accompanied by appearance of filamentous actin aggregates and decrease in actin polymerization state. These changes were correlated with remarkable decrease in cell migration capacity. In summary, our data clearly demonstrate that imatinib induces apoptosis and inhibits human colon adenocarcinoma cell migration. Therefore, this drug may have potential in colon cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Popow-Woźniak
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Przybyszewskiego 63, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland.
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Porkka K, Mustjoki S, Simonsson B. Suboptimal responses in chronic myeloid leukemia: milestones and mechanisms. Expert Rev Hematol 2011; 2:81-91. [PMID: 21082997 DOI: 10.1586/17474086.2.1.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Patients with chronic myeloid leukemia who fail to achieve timely treatment responses have a worse prognosis. Although many patients respond well to first-line treatment with imatinib, a significant proportion relapse or experience an inadequate response. Since effective alternative Bcr-Abl inhibitors are available (i.e., dasatinib or nilotinib), several regional groups have proposed milestones for imatinib failure or suboptimal response based on the achievement of specified levels of response within a defined treatment duration. A suboptimal response indicates that, although patients may continue to receive a benefit from continuing imatinib treatment at the assigned dose, long-term outcome may be better with an alternative strategy. The underlying mechanisms behind suboptimal responses are multifactorial and may differ from those causing relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimmo Porkka
- Department of Medicine (Division of Hematology), Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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Buchi F, Pastorelli R, Ferrari G, Spinelli E, Gozzini A, Sassolini F, Bosi A, Tombaccini D, Santini V. Acetylome and phosphoproteome modifications in imatinib resistant chronic myeloid leukaemia cells treated with valproic acid. Leuk Res 2011; 35:921-31. [PMID: 21382639 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2011.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukaemia has a specific therapy: BCR/ABL inhibitor imatinib. Resistance due to BCR/ABL dependent and independent mechanisms is partially reversible by histone deacetylase inhibitors. We analysed by 2D-electrophoresis and anti-pan-acetylated and anti-phosphotyrosine immunoblots, followed by spot-matching and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, which proteome modifications would parallel restoration of sensitivity to imatinib by valproic acid (VPA). VPA plus imatinib significantly increased acetylation of HSP90 and hnRNP L and decreased phosphorylation of HSPs and hnRNPs in imatinib resistant cells. VPA was able to modify profoundly acetylome and phosphoproteome of CML cells, while reverting resistance to imatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Buchi
- Functional Unit of Haematology, Department of Experimental Pathology and Oncology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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50
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Deville L, Hillion J, Pendino F, Samy M, Nguyen E, Ségal-Bendirdjian E. hTERT promotes imatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia cells: therapeutic implications. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:711-9. [PMID: 21364010 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-10-0979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Imatinib mesylate has shown remarkable efficacy in the treatment of patients in the chronic phase of chronic myeloid leukemia. However, despite an overall significant hematological and cytogenetic response, imatinib therapy may favor the emergence of drug-resistant clones, ultimately leading to relapse. Some imatinib resistance mechanisms had not been fully elucidated yet. In this study we used sensitive and resistant sublines from a Bcr-Abl positive cell line to investigate the putative involvement of telomerase in the promotion of imatinib resistance. We showed that sensitivity to imatinib can be partly restored in imatinib-resistant cells by targeting telomerase expression, either by the introduction of a dominant-negative form of the catalytic protein subunit of the telomerase (hTERT) or by the treatment with all-trans-retinoic acid, a clinically used drug. Furthermore, we showed that hTERT overexpression favors the development of imatinib resistance through both its antiapoptotic and telomere maintenance functions. Therefore, combining antitelomerase strategies to imatinib treatment at the beginning of the treatment should be promoted to reduce the risk of imatinib resistance development and increase the probability of eradicating the disease.
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