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Eissa E, Kandil R, Dorgham D, Ghorab R, Kholoussi N. Lymphocyte apoptosis and its association with the inflammatory markers and disease severity in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2024; 22:20. [PMID: 38243322 PMCID: PMC10799351 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-024-00953-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The defective clearance of apoptotic bodies in juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (jSLE) potentially leads to the persistence of autoreactive lymphocytes and the perpetuation of the autoimmune response. These factors contribute to the disturbance in lymphocyte apoptosis and show potential as key determinants in the clinical course and severity of jSLE. This study evaluates the role of peripheral blood (PB) lymphocyte apoptosis in prognosis of jSLE and as a predictor for disease activity. METHODS The study involved 100 jSLE patients and 50 healthy controls. Flow cytometry was used to analyze percentages of lymphocyte apoptosis in PB of all study participants. Plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were determined using ELISA. RESULTS Our results showed that percentages of lymphocyte apoptosis in PB of jSLE patients are significantly higher than those of healthy controls. These percentages are significantly positively associated with disease activity of patients (SLEDAI-2 K). Furthermore, plasma cytokine levels (IL-17, IFN-γ and TNF-α) are significantly elevated in jSLE patients compared to their levels in healthy controls. Also, there are weak significant positive correlations between percentages of PB lymphocyte apoptosis and each of IL-17 and IFN-γ plasma levels in jSLE patients. Moreover, PB lymphocyte apoptosis percentages among jSLE patients are higher in the presence of some clinical and laboratory features than those in their absence. CONCLUSION Peripheral apoptotic lymphocytes could contribute to the prognosis of jSLE and could be used as a predictor for disease activity in jSLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Eissa
- Department of Immunogenetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Rania Kandil
- Department of Immunogenetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia Dorgham
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Raghda Ghorab
- Department of Immunogenetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Naglaa Kholoussi
- Department of Immunogenetics, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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2
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Chaudhary K, Liedtke C, Wertenbruch S, Trautwein C, Streetz KL. Caspase 8 differentially controls hepatocytes and non-parenchymal liver cells during chronic cholestatic liver injury in mice. J Hepatol 2013; 59:1292-8. [PMID: 23928400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Receptor mediated cell death through the activation of caspases has been identified as an important mechanism to control life and death in various tissues and is thus crucial for the maintenance of liver tissue homeostasis. Here we investigated how caspase 8 (Casp8) differentially regulates immune-mediated liver injury and regeneration in distinct liver cell types during chronic liver injury. METHODS Conditional knockout mice with hepatocellular (Casp8(Δhepa)) and ubiquitous deletion of Casp8 (Casp8(ΔMx)) were used in models of cholestatic hepatitis [(DDC (3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine) treatment, bile duct ligation (BDL) and choline deficient diet with ethionine supplementation (CDE)]. RESULTS Mice with a hepatocellular deletion of Casp8 (Casp8(Δhepa)) were protected after DDC-treatment. Animals with a ubiquitous conditional Casp8 knockout (Casp8(ΔMx)) displayed a significantly enhanced liver injury in various models of cholestatic liver injury. This was associated with higher transaminases, bilirubin levels and finally more liver fibrosis. However, caspase 3 (Casp3) activity was reduced in both knockout strains, suggesting additionally mechanisms contributing to the phenotype. Casp8(ΔMx) mice displayed a stronger infiltration of mononuclear immune cells and more proliferation of liver-parenchymal cells in periportal areas. Further analysis confirmed that these infiltrating immune cells are resistant against extrinsic apoptosis. Bone-marrow-transplantation (BMT) experiments demonstrated that Casp8-deficient bone marrow derived cells are responsible for increased liver injury in DDC fed mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that cell-type specific differences in apoptosis resistance mediated by Casp8 deletion are of significant relevance for the outcome of chronic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Chaudhary
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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3
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Changes in Apoptotic Gene Expression in Lymphocytes from Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients Compared with Healthy Lymphocytes. J Clin Immunol 2010; 30:649-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-010-9429-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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4
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Chhabra A. Mitochondria-centric activation induced cell death of cytolytic T lymphocytes and its implications for cancer immunotherapy. Vaccine 2010; 28:4566-72. [PMID: 20451638 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2010] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Premature death of the adoptively transferred cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) by means of activation induced cell death (AICD) represents one of the major constraints in devising an effective anti-cancer immune intervention strategy. Understanding the mechanism of AICD is, therefore, critical for developing methods to interfere with this death process. Although the existing paradigm on AICD centers around the initiation of the cascade of events originating from the engagement of death receptors leading to the activation of effector caspases and eventually resulting in cell death, recent findings have questioned the universal role of caspases as the cell death executioners. We here review our current understanding of the contribution of caspase-dependent and caspase-independent death executioners in AICD of T cells. We will also discuss the involvement of mitochondria-centric death pathway in AICD of human tumor associated antigen-specific primary CTL and its implications in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Chhabra
- Department of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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5
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Abstract
FAS belongs to the subgroup of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R) family that contains an intracellular "death domain" and triggers apoptosis. Its physiological ligand FASL is a member of the TNF cytokine family. Studies with mutant mice and cells from human patients have shown that FAS plays critical roles in the immune system, including the killing of pathogen-infected cells and the death of obsolete and potentially dangerous lymphocytes. Fas thereby functions as a guardian against autoimmunity and tumor development. FAS triggers apoptosis through FADD-mediated recruitment and activation of caspase-8. In certain cells such as hepatocytes, albeit not lymphocytes, FAS-induced apoptosis requires amplification through proteolytic activation of the proapoptotic BCL-2 family member BID. Curiously, several components of the FAS signaling machinery have been implicated in nonapoptotic processes, including cellular activation, differentiation, and proliferation. This review describes current understanding of Fas-induced apoptosis signaling and proposes experimental strategies for future advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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6
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Brunner T, Arnold D, Wasem C, Laissue JA, Mueller C. Death receptor-mediated suicide: a novel target of autoimmune disease treatment. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2005; 8:1359-72. [PMID: 15992154 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.8.9.1359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In the thymus, based on the reactivity of their T-cell receptor with self-MHC and antigenic peptides, developing immature T-cells undergo positive and negative selection. Cells recognising self-peptides and MHC with high affinity are considered autoreactive, and thus potentially harmful, and are eliminated by induction of apoptotic cell death. Thymic negative selection is, however, only incomplete and autoreactive T-cells escape into the periphery. It is not the presence of autoreactive mature T- and B-lymphocytes as the underlying cause of tissue destruction and development of autoimmune diseases, but their uncontrolled and excessive clonal expansion upon activation by self-antigen. Thus, potent regulatory mechanisms must keep these autoreactive cells under control to avoid their inappropriate activation. Recent evidence indicates that death receptors of the tumour necrosis factor receptor family play a central role in mediating antigen receptor-induced suicide of autoreactive T-lymphocytes. Defects in these apoptosis-inducing regulatory mechanisms may result in the development of autoimmune diseases. Therefore, enhancing the cell's own suicide program, offers a most attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Brunner
- Division of Immunopathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Berne, Murtenstrasse 31, 3010 Berne, Switzerland.
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7
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Abstract
Apoptotic cell death plays a critical role in the development and functioning of the immune system. During differentiation, apoptosis weeds out lymphocytes lacking useful antigen receptors and those expressing dangerous ones. Lymphocyte death is also involved in limiting the magnitude and duration of immune responses to infection. In this review, we describe the role of the Bcl-2 protein family, and to a lesser extent that of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family with a death domain), in the control of lymphoid and myeloid cell survival. We also consider the pathogenic consequences of failure of apoptosis in the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa S Marsden
- Molecular Genetics of Cancer Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
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8
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Davey GM, Kurts C, Miller JFAP, Bouillet P, Strasser A, Brooks AG, Carbone FR, Heath WR. Peripheral deletion of autoreactive CD8 T cells by cross presentation of self-antigen occurs by a Bcl-2-inhibitable pathway mediated by Bim. J Exp Med 2002; 196:947-55. [PMID: 12370256 PMCID: PMC2194028 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20020827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
By transgenic expression of ovalbumin (OVA) as a model self antigen in the beta cells of the pancreas, we have shown that self tolerance can be maintained by the cross-presentation of this antigen on dendritic cells in the draining lymph nodes. Such cross-presentation causes initial activation of OVA-specific CD8 T cells, which proliferate but are ultimately deleted; a process referred to as cross-tolerance. Here, we investigated the molecular basis of cross-tolerance. Deletion of CD8 T cells was prevented by overexpression of Bcl-2, indicating that cross-tolerance was mediated by a Bcl-2 inhibitable pathway. Recently, Bim, a pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member whose function can be inhibited by Bcl-2, was found to play a critical role in the deletion of autoreactive thymocytes, leading us to examine its role in cross-tolerance. Bim-deficient T cells were not deleted in response to cross-presented self-antigen, strongly implicating Bim as the pro-apoptotic mediator of cross-tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayle M Davey
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville 3050, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Ohta K, Yoshimura N. Bcl-2 expression by CD4 T lymphocytes in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2002; 10:93-103. [PMID: 12778345 DOI: 10.1076/ocii.10.2.93.13984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether Bcl-2 is expressed on CD4(+ ) lymphocytes in the aqueous humor (AH) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease, and to determine whether Fas will induce apoptosis of lymphocytes in the CSF. METHODS The percentages of CD4, CD8, CD45RO, Fas, and Bcl-2 positive T lymphocytes in the AH and CSF of eight patients with active VKH and five healthy controls were determined by flow cytometry. Soluble Fas ligand (sFasL) in the CSF was measured by ELISA. Freshly isolated cells from the CSF were cultured with anti-Fas antibody (Ab) and apoptosis was assessed by the TUNEL method. RESULTS Fas(+) CD4(+) lymphocytes were the predominant lymphocytes in the AH and CSF of VKH patients. Bcl-2 was strongly expressed in these cells. Soluble FasL was also detected in the CSF. The number of apoptotic cells detected by anti-Fas Ab was not significantly increased in the CSF of VKH patients. CONCLUSIONS In spite of the high expression of Fas antigen on CD4(+) cells and the presence of sFasL in the CSF, apoptosis was not observed. Bcl-2 expression may contribute to the regulation of apoptosis of inflammatory cells in the CSF of VKH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Ohta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Newton
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
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11
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Cauley LS, Miller EE, Yen M, Swain SL. Superantigen-induced CD4 T cell tolerance mediated by myeloid cells and IFN-gamma. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2000; 165:6056-66. [PMID: 11086037 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.11.6056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We have previously shown that systemic staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) injections cause CD4 T cells in TCR-transgenic mice to become tolerant to subsequent ex vivo restimulation. An active IFN-gamma-dependent mechanism of suppression was responsible for the apparent unresponsiveness of the CD4 T cells. In this study, we analyze the response of CD4 T cells isolated throughout the first 10 days of the in vivo response to injected SEA. We show that CD4 T cells isolated at the peak of the in vivo response undergo very little activation-induced cell death after sterile FACS sorting or restimulation in the presence of neutralizing Abs to IFN-gamma. We also show that the IFN-gamma-dependent tolerance develops soon after SEA injection in the spleens of both normal and TCR-transgenic mice. This suppression is dependent upon myeloid cells from the SEA-treated mice and is optimal when inducible NO synthase activity and reactive oxygen intermediates are both present. The data indicate that IFN-gamma, myeloid cells, and a combination of NO and reactive oxygen intermediates all contribute to a common pathway of T cell death that targets activated or responding CD4 T cells. Sorted Gr-1(+) cells from SEA-treated mice also directly suppress the response of naive CD4 T cells in mixed cultures, indicating that this tolerance mechanism may play a role in down-regulating other vigorous immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Cauley
- Trudeau Institute, Saranac Lake, NY 12983, USA
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12
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Zipp F, Wendling U, Beyer M, Grieger U, Waiczies S, Wagenknecht B, Haas J, Weller M. Dual effect of glucocorticoids on apoptosis of human autoreactive and foreign antigen-specific T cells. J Neuroimmunol 2000; 110:214-22. [PMID: 11024552 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(00)00337-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of glucocorticoids in the treatment of multiple sclerosis may involve the induction of T cell apoptosis. Here, we report that glucocorticoids have two different effects on the vulnerability of human antigen-specific T cells: (i) steroids induce T cell apoptosis in a CD95-independent, but caspase-dependent manner; (ii) steroids protect T cells from CD95-mediated apoptosis which, however, is also caspase-dependent. An increase in BCL-2 expression is observed upon incubation with steroids. Thus, inhibition of CD95-mediated T cell apoptosis may be an undesirable side-effect resulting in survival of activated T cells and the maintenance of pathogenic immune responses might explain the lack of long-term glucocorticoid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zipp
- Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroimmunology, University Hospital Charité, Campus Mitte, NWFZ, Geb. 2680, R.04023, Schumann strasse 20-21, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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13
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Correale J, Gilmore W, Li S, Walsh J, Bassani MM, Lund B, Arias M, Weiner LP. Resistance to glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in PLP peptide-specific T cell clones from patients with progressive MS. J Neuroimmunol 2000; 109:197-210. [PMID: 10996222 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(00)00326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GC) are commonly used to treat inflammatory disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and may exert their immunosuppressive activity by inducing apoptosis in activated lymphocytes. However, unlike relapsing-remitting MS patients, those with progressive disease respond poorly to GC treatment. The data in this communication indicate that PLP peptide-specific T cell clones from progressive, but not relapsing-remitting MS patients are resistant to GC-induced apoptosis in vitro, in a fashion associated with expression of B-7 co-stimulatory molecules. Thus, failure to respond to GC treatment may reflect defect in apoptosis that develop during the progressive stages of chronic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Correale
- Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, 1333 San Pablo Street, MCK 142, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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14
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Lenardo M, Chan KM, Hornung F, McFarland H, Siegel R, Wang J, Zheng L. Mature T lymphocyte apoptosis--immune regulation in a dynamic and unpredictable antigenic environment. Annu Rev Immunol 1999; 17:221-53. [PMID: 10358758 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.immunol.17.1.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 755] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis of mature T lymphocytes preserves peripheral homeostasis and tolerance by countering the profound changes in the number and types of T cells stimulated by diverse antigens. T cell apoptosis occurs in at least two major forms: antigen-driven and lymphokine withdrawal. These forms of death are controlled in response to local levels of IL-2 and antigen in a feedback mechanism termed propriocidal regulation. Active antigen-driven death is mediated by the expression of death cytokines such as FasL and TNF. These death cytokines engage specific receptors that assemble caspase-activating protein complexes. These signaling complexes tightly regulate cell death but are vulnerable to inherited defects. Passive lymphokine withdrawal death may result from the cytoplasmic activation of caspases that is regulated by mitochondria and the Bcl-2 protein. The human disease, Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome (ALPS) is due to dominant-interfering mutations in the Fas/APO-1/CD95 receptor and other components of the death pathway. The study of ALPS patients reveals the necessity of apoptosis for preventing autoimmunity and allows the genetic investigation of apoptosis in humans. Immunological, cellular, and molecular evidence indicates that throughout the life of a T cell, apoptosis may be evoked in excessive, harmful, or useless clonotypes to preserve a healthy and balanced immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lenardo
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Zang YC, Kozovska MM, Hong J, Li S, Mann S, Killian JM, Rivera VM, Zhang JZ. Impaired apoptotic deletion of myelin basic protein-reactive T cells in patients with multiple sclerosis. Eur J Immunol 1999; 29:1692-700. [PMID: 10359124 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4141(199905)29:05<1692::aid-immu1692>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
T cell responses to myelin basic protein (MBP) may play an important role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). If MBP-reactive T cells are involved in the disease processes and undergo clonal activation and expansion, their precursor frequency would be increased in patients with MS. The frequency of MBP-reactive T cells is also influenced by regulatory mechanisms in vivo, including apoptotic deletion. In this study, we examined changes in the frequency of MBP-reactive T cells in patients with MS as a function of the apoptotic deletional mechanism in vivo, using a cell culture-based assay. A significantly increased frequency of MBP-reactive T cells was found in patients with MS relative to healthy individuals only when Fas-ligand antibody was used to block apoptosis. This result indicates that a significant proportion of MBP-reactive T cells are sensitive to apoptosis and are not deleted in vivo in patients with MS, as opposed to healthy individuals, thus suggesting a functional deficit in apoptotic deletional mechanism. Surviving Fas-sensitive MBP-reactive T cell lines represent distinct subpopulations preferentially recognizing the 111-139 region of MBP and exhibiting a Th2 cytokine profile. The findings are relevant to our understanding of regulation of MBP-reactive T cells in vivo in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Zang
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, and Baylor-Methodist Multiple Sclerosis Center, Houston 77030, USA.
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Tanegashima A, Yamamoto H, Yada I, Fukunaga T. Estimation of stress in child neglect from thymic involution. Forensic Sci Int 1999; 101:55-63. [PMID: 10376338 DOI: 10.1016/s0379-0738(99)00003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
It is difficult to evaluate the extent of stress in cases of suspected child abuse/neglect in a medico-legal autopsy. We have previously reported that stress due to abuse/neglect was found to have led to thymic involution. To elucidate the influence upon thymocytes differentiation, we compared the proportion of the thymocyte subpopulation in the thymus of a neglected child with one in an age-matched control obtained from cardiac surgery. We found that the relative number of CD4+ CD8+ double positive (DP) thymocytes decreased in the neglected child. It was presumed that the selective decrease in the number of the immature DP thymocytes with CD3- to low bcl-2low caused the thymic involution in the neglected child. It was suggested that an alteration in the proportion of thymocytes subpopulation might be used as an index of stress in cases of child abuse/neglect.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tanegashima
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Sciences, Mie University School of Medicine, Japan.
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Hasunuma T, Kato T, Kobata T, Nishioka K. Molecular mechanism of immune response, synovial proliferation and apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis. SPRINGER SEMINARS IN IMMUNOPATHOLOGY 1998; 20:41-52. [PMID: 9836368 DOI: 10.1007/bf00831998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Hasunuma
- Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa-ken, Japan
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Nishioka K, Hasunuma T, Kato T, Sumida T, Kobata T. Apoptosis in rheumatoid arthritis: a novel pathway in the regulation of synovial tissue. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1998; 41:1-9. [PMID: 9433863 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(199801)41:1<1::aid-art1>3.0.co;2-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Nishioka
- St. Marianna University, Kawasaki, Japan
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19
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Tsunematsu S, Saito H, Tada S, Ebinuma H, Tsuchiya M, Kumagai N, Morizane T, Nomura T, Ishii H. Susceptibility of experimental autoimmune hepatitis in transgenic mice overexpressing the c-H-ras gene. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1997; 12:319-24. [PMID: 9195373 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.1997.tb00428.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Results from a recent study of ours have demonstrated the significant role of the wild-type ras gene in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in rasH2 mice having prototype human c-H-ras genes. Chronic cell death and regeneration have been considered to work as co-carcinogens with wild-type ras gene overexpression in this model. To elucidate a role of gene overexpression in the occurrence of chronic inflammation, we tried to induce inflammation in the liver of rasH2 mice by immunizing them with the supernatant of a freshly prepared syngenic liver homogenate. Immunization resulted in a dense inflammatory infiltrate in the portal tract and focal necrosis with spots of fatty or foamy degeneration in the transgenic mouse liver; however, these observations were less frequently observed in non-transgenic mouse liver. Monocytes, granulocytes and plasma cell infiltration were observed in the livers of transgenic mice. An immunohistochemical study showed that CD3-positive lymphocytes also infiltrated the liver. The inflammatory infiltrate was still present in the transgenic liver 24 weeks after the last injection, but little infiltrate was observed at the same time in non-transgenic mice. No hepatic tumours could be produced over the 6 months duration of the study and the results are only preliminary. However, these results do suggest that overexpression of wild-type ras is partially responsible for the occurrence of autoimmune chronic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tsunematsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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