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De Alba-Alvarado MC, Torres-Gutiérrez E, Reynoso-Ducoing OA, Zenteno-Galindo E, Cabrera-Bravo M, Guevara-Gómez Y, Salazar-Schettino PM, Rivera-Fernández N, Bucio-Torres MI. Immunopathological Mechanisms Underlying Cardiac Damage in Chagas Disease. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12020335. [PMID: 36839607 PMCID: PMC9959418 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12020335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In Chagas disease, the mechanisms involved in cardiac damage are an active field of study. The factors underlying the evolution of lesions following infection by Trypanosoma cruzi and, in some cases, the persistence of its antigens and the host response, with the ensuing development of clinically observable cardiac damage, are analyzed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Citlalli De Alba-Alvarado
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México City 04510, Mexico
| | - Elia Torres-Gutiérrez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México City 04510, Mexico
| | - Olivia Alicia Reynoso-Ducoing
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México City 04510, Mexico
| | - Edgar Zenteno-Galindo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México City 04510, Mexico
| | - Margarita Cabrera-Bravo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México City 04510, Mexico
| | - Yolanda Guevara-Gómez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México City 04510, Mexico
| | - Paz María Salazar-Schettino
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México City 04510, Mexico
| | - Norma Rivera-Fernández
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México City 04510, Mexico
- Correspondence: (N.R.-F.); (M.I.B-T.)
| | - Martha Irene Bucio-Torres
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, México City 04510, Mexico
- Correspondence: (N.R.-F.); (M.I.B-T.)
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Knubel CP, Martínez FF, Acosta Rodríguez EV, Altamirano A, Rivarola HW, Diaz Luján C, Fretes RE, Cervi L, Motrán CC. 3-Hydroxy kynurenine treatment controls T. cruzi replication and the inflammatory pathology preventing the clinical symptoms of chronic Chagas disease. PLoS One 2011; 6:e26550. [PMID: 22028903 PMCID: PMC3197528 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0026550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background 3-Hydroxy Kynurenine (3-HK) administration during the acute phase of Trypanosoma. cruzi infection decreases the parasitemia of lethally infected mice and improves their survival. However, due to the fact that the treatment with 3-HK is unable to eradicate the parasite, together with the known proapoptotic and immunoregulatory properties of 3-HK and their downstream catabolites, it is possible that the 3-HK treatment is effective during the acute phase of the infection by controlling the parasite replication, but at the same time suppressed the protective T cell response before pathogen clearance worsening the chronic phase of the infection. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the effect of 3-HK treatment on the development of chronic Chagas’ disease. Principal Findings In the present study, we treated mice infected with T. cruzi with 3-HK at day five post infection during 5 consecutive days and investigated the effect of this treatment on the development of chronic Chagas disease. Cardiac functional (electrocardiogram) and histopathological studies were done at 60 dpi. 3-HK treatment markedly reduced the incidence and the severity of the electrocardiogram alterations and the inflammatory infiltrates and fibrosis in heart and skeletal muscle. 3-HK treatment modulated the immune response at the acute phase of the infection impairing the Th1- and Th2-type specific response and inducing TGF-β-secreting cells promoting the emergence of regulatory T cells and long-term specific IFN-γ secreting cells. 3-HK in vitro induced regulatory phenotype in T cells from T. cruzi acutely infected mice. Conclusions Our results show that the early 3-HK treatment was effective in reducing the cardiac lesions as well as altering the pattern of the immune response in experimental Chagas’ disease. Thus, we propose 3-HK as a novel therapeutic treatment able to control both the parasite replication and the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina P. Knubel
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fernando F. Martínez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Eva V. Acosta Rodríguez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Andrés Altamirano
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Héctor W. Rivarola
- Cátedra de Física Biomédica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Santa Rosa, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cintia Diaz Luján
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología Celular, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Ricardo E. Fretes
- Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biología Celular, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Cervi
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia C. Motrán
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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3
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Abstract
The scarcity of Trypanosoma cruzi in inflammatory lesions of chronic Chagas disease led early investigators to suggest that tissue damage had an autoimmune nature. In spite of parasite persistence in chronic Chagas disease, several reports indicate that inflammatory tissue damage may not be correlated to the local presence of T. cruzi. A significant number of reports have described autoantibodies and self-reactive T cells, often cross-reactive with T. cruzi antigens, both in patients and in animal models. Evidence for a direct pathogenetic role of autoimmunity was suggested by the development of lesions after immunization with T. cruzi antigens or passive transfer of lymphocytes from infected animals, and the amelioration of chronic myocarditis in animals made tolerant to myocardial antigens. Autoimmune and T. cruzi-specific innate or adaptative responses are not incompatible or mutually exclusive, and it is likely that a combination of both is involved in the pathogenesis of chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy. The association between persistent infection and autoimmune diseases-such as multiple sclerosis or diabetes mellitus-suggests that post-infectious autoimmunity may be a frequent finding. Here, we critically review evidence for autoimmune phenomena and their possible pathogenetic role in human Chagas disease and animal models, with a focus on chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy.
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4
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Knubel CP, Martínez FF, Fretes RE, Lujan CD, Theumer MG, Cervi L, Motrán CC. Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxigenase (IDO) is critical for host resistance against
Trypanosoma cruzi. FASEB J 2010; 24:2689-701. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.09-150920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Paola Knubel
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas (CIBICI‐CONICET)Departamento de Bioquímica ClínicaFacultad de Ciencias Químicas Córdoba Argentina
| | - Fernando Fabián Martínez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas (CIBICI‐CONICET)Departamento de Bioquímica ClínicaFacultad de Ciencias Químicas Córdoba Argentina
| | - Ricardo E. Fretes
- Instituto de Biología CelularFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
| | - Cintia Díaz Lujan
- Instituto de Biología CelularFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba Córdoba Argentina
| | - Martín Gustavo Theumer
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas (CIBICI‐CONICET)Departamento de Bioquímica ClínicaFacultad de Ciencias Químicas Córdoba Argentina
| | - Laura Cervi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas (CIBICI‐CONICET)Departamento de Bioquímica ClínicaFacultad de Ciencias Químicas Córdoba Argentina
| | - Claudia Cristina Motrán
- Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnicas (CIBICI‐CONICET)Departamento de Bioquímica ClínicaFacultad de Ciencias Químicas Córdoba Argentina
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5
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Cunha-Neto E, Bilate AM, Hyland KV, Fonseca SG, Kalil J, Engman DM. Induction of cardiac autoimmunity in Chagas heart disease: A case for molecular mimicry. Autoimmunity 2009; 39:41-54. [PMID: 16455581 DOI: 10.1080/08916930500485002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Up to 18 million of individuals are infected by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi in Latin America, one third of whom will develop chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy (CCC) up to 30 years after infection. Cardiomyocyte destruction is associated with a T cell-rich inflammatory infiltrate and fibrosis. The presence of such lesions in the relative scarcity of parasites in the heart, suggested that CCC might be due, in part, to a postinfectious autoimmune process. Over the last two decades, a significant amount of reports of autoimmune and molecular mimicry phenomena have been described in CCC. The authors will review the evidence in support of an autoimmune basis for CCC pathogenesis in humans and experimental animals, with a special emphasis on molecular mimicry as a fundamental mechanism of autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edecio Cunha-Neto
- Heart Institute (InCor), Laboratory of Immunology, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Acosta Rodriguez EV, Zuniga EI, Montes CL, Merino MC, Bermejo DA, Amezcua Vesely MC, Motran CC, Gruppi A. Trypanosoma cruzi infection beats the B-cell compartment favouring parasite establishment: can we strike first? Scand J Immunol 2007; 66:137-42. [PMID: 17635791 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2007.01968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas' disease, may sabotage humoral response by affecting B cells at the different stages of its development. The present review highlights the contributions of our laboratory in understanding how T. cruzi hinders B-cell generation and B-cell expansion limiting host defence and favouring its chronic establishment. We discuss how homoeostatic mechanisms can be triggered to control exacerbated B-cell proliferation that favour T. cruzi infection by eliminating parasite-specific B cells. Specific targeting of evasion mechanisms displayed in T. cruzi infection, as in vivo Fas/FasL blockade or Gal-3 expression inhibition, allowed us to modulate B-cell responses enhancing the anti-parasite humoral immune response. A comprehensive understanding of the biology of the B cell in health and disease is strictly required to devise immunointervention strategies aimed at enhancing protective immune responses during infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Acosta Rodriguez
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Chemical Science, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
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7
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Leon JS, Daniels MD, Toriello KM, Wang K, Engman DM. A cardiac myosin-specific autoimmune response is induced by immunization with Trypanosoma cruzi proteins. Infect Immun 2004; 72:3410-7. [PMID: 15155647 PMCID: PMC415650 DOI: 10.1128/iai.72.6.3410-3417.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2003] [Revised: 07/09/2003] [Accepted: 02/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the protozoan parasite that causes Chagas' heart disease, a potentially fatal cardiomyopathy prevalent in Central and South America. Infection with T. cruzi induces cardiac myosin autoimmunity in susceptible humans and mice, and this autoimmunity has been suggested to contribute to cardiac inflammation. To address how T. cruzi induces cardiac myosin autoimmunity, we investigated whether immunity to T. cruzi antigens could induce cardiac myosin-specific autoimmunity in the absence of live parasites. We immunized A/J mice with a T. cruzi Brazil-derived protein extract emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant and found that these mice developed cardiac myosin-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and autoantibodies in the absence of detectable cardiac damage. The induction of autoimmunity was specific since immunization with extracts of the related protozoan parasite Leishmania amazonensis did not induce myosin autoimmunity. The immunogenetic makeup of the host was important for this response, since C57BL/6 mice did not develop cardiac myosin DTH upon immunization with T. cruzi extract. Perhaps more interesting, mice immunized with cardiac myosin developed T. cruzi-specific DTH and antibodies. This DTH was also antigen specific, since immunization with skeletal myosin and myoglobin did not induce T. cruzi-specific immunity. These results suggest that immunization with cardiac myosin or T. cruzi antigen can induce specific, bidirectionally cross-reactive immune responses in the absence of detectable cardiac damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan S Leon
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, The Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA
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8
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Stempin C, Giordanengo L, Gea S, Cerbán F. Alternative activation and increase of
Trypanosoma cruzi
survival in murine macrophages stimulated by cruzipain, a parasite antigen. J Leukoc Biol 2002. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.72.4.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cinthia Stempin
- Inmunología, Departamento Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura Giordanengo
- Inmunología, Departamento Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Susana Gea
- Inmunología, Departamento Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fabio Cerbán
- Inmunología, Departamento Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional Córdoba, Argentina
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9
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Paiva CN, Pyrrho AS, Ribeiro LJ, Gonçalves R, Costa DA, Araujo-Jorge TC, Soares MBP, Gattass CR. Trypanosoma cruzi: requirements for induction and maintenance of protective immunity conferred by immunization. Exp Parasitol 2002; 102:89-98. [PMID: 12706744 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-4894(03)00025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Immunization with CL-14-trypomastigotes generates efficient humoral and cellular responses against infective challenge. Herein, we investigated the relevance of these mechanisms in vivo. Immunization with live CL-14-trypomastigotes protected only part of beta2m(-/-) mice but efficiently protected perforin-knockout mice. Fixed CL-14-trypomastigotes could successfully immunize BALB/c, though live trypomastigotes lowered the requirements for doses and time intervals. Post-immune depletion of CD4 or CD8 subsets did not affect protection conferred by immunization, but switched the production of anti-Trypanosoma cruzi antibodies to IgG2a. Sublethal irradiation partially broke the resistance of immune mice, leading to development of late parasitemia. Passive serum transfer from immune mice conferred protection to nai;ve mice. Our results indicate that presentation of cytosolic antigens by MHC class I molecules is involved in the generation of immunity and suggest that the humoral response contributes to a great extent to keep CL-14-immunized mice protected against infective challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia N Paiva
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 21941-900, RJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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10
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Motrán CC, Fretes RE, Cerbán FM, Rivarola HW, Vottero de Cima E. Immunization with the C-terminal region of Trypanosoma cruzi ribosomal P1 and P2 proteins induces long-term duration cross-reactive antibodies with heart functional and structural alterations in young and aged mice. Clin Immunol 2000; 97:89-94. [PMID: 11027448 DOI: 10.1006/clim.2000.4919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The R13 peptide sequence (EEEDDDMGFGLFD) that corresponds to the C-terminal region of Trypanosoma cruzi ribosomal P1 and P2 proteins differs from the eukariotic P concensus sequence EESDDDMGFGLFD (H13) only in a nonconservative amino acid substitution. The immunization of BALB/c mice with R13 synthetic peptide coupled to a carrier protein (OVA) induces specific (anti-R13) and autoreactive (anti-H13 and anti-heart) antibodies as well as heart functional alterations. Since aged human and experimental animals are impaired in their responses to most foreign antigens but they produce greater amounts of autoantibodies, in this work we used aged mice as an experimental model able to exaggerate the autoimmune component of the R13-induced response in case it was present. We studied whether these antibodies generated in the absence of the parasite would induce pathological changes in heart tissues. The levels of antibodies against R13 (foreign antigen) and H13 (autoantigen) studied comparatively in 2- and 12-month-old mice 10 days after the third immunization with R13 coupled to OVA were, as we expected for a foreign antigen, higher in almost all sera from 2-month-old mice tested than in sera from 12-month-old mice. Besides, these specific and cross-reactive antibody response remain elevated as long as 150 days post third immunization. In addition, the isotype pattern that recognizes R13 and the self-sequence H13 showed no differences between sera from young and aged mice. Moreover, when ECG traces were obtained from immunized mice, the heart functional alterations observed at 10 days continued at 80 and 150 days after the third immunization, showing an association with the levels of antibodies. In addition, despite the fact that the heart tissue morphology showed no alterations 10 days post third immunization, several abnormalities in the tissue architecture were revealed at 80 and 150 days post third immunization. This report demonstrates the biological relevance of R13-induced cross-reactive antibodies in some of the electrophysiologic and histological changes found in T. cruzi-infected mammalians.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Motrán
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, 5000, Argentina.
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11
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Sepulveda P, Liegeard P, Wallukat G, Levin MJ, Hontebeyrie M. Modulation of cardiocyte functional activity by antibodies against trypanosoma cruzi ribosomal P2 protein C terminus. Infect Immun 2000; 68:5114-9. [PMID: 10948133 PMCID: PMC101752 DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.9.5114-5119.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies against the Trypanosoma cruzi ribosomal P2beta protein (TcP2beta) have been associated with the chronic cardiac pathology of Chagas' disease in humans. Using synthetic peptides spanning the entire TcP2beta molecule, we investigated their epitope recognition by antibodies from mice chronically infected with T. cruzi and from mice immunized with two recombinant TcP2betas. We found clear differences in epitope recognition between antibodies from T. cruzi-infected mice and mice immunized with two different recombinant TcP2betas associated with different schedules of immunization. Major epitopes recognized by antibodies from mice immunized with recombinant glutathione S-transferase (GST) or histidine (Hist) fusion TcP2beta (GST-TcP2beta or Hist-TcP2beta) are located in the central and hinge regions of the molecule. Nevertheless, mice immunized with Hist-TcP2beta were also able to elicit antibodies against the TcP2beta C terminus, a region which is highly conserved in both T. cruzi and mammal ribosomal P proteins. Strikingly, antibodies from infected animals recognized only the TcP2beta C terminus. By using these antisera with distinct profiles of epitope recognition, it could be shown that only C terminus-specific antibodies were able to increase the beating frequency of cardiomyocytes from neonatal rats in vitro by selective stimulation of the beta1-adrenergic receptor. Thus, antibodies against the TcP2beta C terminus elicited in the absence of infection are able to modulate a functional activity of host cells through a molecular mimicry mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sepulveda
- Laboratoire d'Immunopathogenèse, Département d'Immunologie, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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12
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Zúñiga E, Montes C, Barbieri G, Gruppi A. Antibodies against Trypanosoma cruzi alkaline antigens are elicited in sera from acute but not chronic human chagasic patients. Clin Immunol 1999; 93:81-9. [PMID: 10497014 DOI: 10.1006/clim.1999.4744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the antibody response of acute and chronic chagasic patients against a Trypanosoma cruzi alkaline fraction (FI) in comparison with the reactivity against a T. cruzi acidic antigen, the main cystein proteinase of the parasite named cruzipain, and "natural" antigens. FI-specific antibodies were detected only during the acute phase of the infection and IgM was the main isotype produced, whereas cruzipain-specific antibodies were detected during all phases of the infection. By means of immunoblot and sequencing analysis we identified a 47-kDa FI proteic band recognized by IgM from acute chagasic patients as the T. cruzi glutamate dehydrogenase (GluDH). Furthermore, the antibody response against isolated GluDH showed similar characteristics as the one against FI. We also observed a strict association between the reactivity of IgM against FI and GluDH and IgM natural antibodies. However, reactivity against these alkaline antigens was not modified after absorption of natural antibodies in sera from acute chagasic patients, indicating that these parasite antigens are not recognized by the polyspecific natural antibodies. The most important goal of this report is that for the first time the T. cruzi antigen isoelectric point has been associated with its ability to trigger immunological memory, raising a novel antigen property that should be considered in the selection of antigens used in Chagas' disease diagnostic test and in the design of a vaccine against T. cruzi infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zúñiga
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas (UNC), Cordoba, 5000, Argentina
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13
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Motrán CC, Cerbán FM, Rivarola HW, Vottero de Cima E. Characterization of autoantibodies generated in mice by immunization with the C-terminal region of Trypanosoma cruzi ribosomal P1 and P2 proteins. Clin Immunol 1999; 91:17-24. [PMID: 10219250 DOI: 10.1006/clim.1998.4678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The R13 peptide sequence (EEEDDDMGFGLFD) that corresponds to the C-terminal region of Trypanosoma cruzi ribosomal P1 and P2 proteins differs from the eukariotic P consensus sequence EESDDDMGFGLFD (H13) only in a nonconservative amino acid substitution. Since the immunization with R13 peptide coupled to a carrier protein like OVA would break the tolerance to a self-sequence and generate autoantibodies, we characterized the antibodies induced in mice by R13 immunization, analyzing by ELISA their capacity to bind to R13 and the self-sequence H13. Besides, we studied the course of these reactivities a long time after immunization. It was found that all R13-immunized mice had antibodies against H13 and this reactivity was always lower than R13 reactivity. The anti-H13 reactivity evaluated by competitive ELISA demonstrated that the H13 peptide is able to inhibit the binding of immune sera to R13 at high doses. When the levels and the avidity of anti-R13 and anti-H13 were evaluated at 10 and 80 days post third immunization, it was observed that anti-R13 levels were higher than anti-H13 levels in all sera from 10 days after the third immunization. However, avidity of both antibodies was high. In sera from 80 days post third immunization, anti-R13 and anti-H13 levels and avidity either remained elevated or showed a rise, whereas anti-OVA levels declined. Moreover, when ECG traces were obtained from immunized mice, the heart functional alterations observed at 10 days continued at 80 days after the third immunization, showing an association with the levels of the antibodies. In addition, the isotype pattern that recognizes R13 and the self-sequence H13 is different. For anti-R13 response, IgG1 reactivity was higher than IgG2; meanwhile, for anti-H13 response IgG2 reactivity was higher than IgG1. These results indicate that sera from R13-immunized mice bind the H13 sequence and this autoreactivity may be self-perpetuating.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Motrán
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencías Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.
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