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Vázquez N, Glasinovich N, Ortiz N, Gestal C, Pontones J, Gilardoni C, Cremonte F. Host-parasite relationship Octopus tehuelchus - Aggregata valdessensis in Patagonian coast, southwestern Atlantic Ocean. J Invertebr Pathol 2023; 201:107993. [PMID: 37751834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2023.107993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Histopathology associated with the apicomplexan Aggregata valdessensis in the wild population of Octopus tehuelchus was studied. Moreover, to analyze the impact of the prevalence and infection intensity on the dorsal mantle length, sex, maturity stages, condition index and total hemocyte counts on wild O. tehuelchus, Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) were applied. Kruskal-Wallis (KW) test was used to compare growth parameter (RNA/DNA ratios) in infected and uninfected octopuses. Lesions including hypertrophy of host cells and destruction of the tissue organ architecture as well as the replacement of host tissue by parasites were associated with infection. The infection caused an inflammatory defensive response in form of hemocytic infiltration.. The prevalence of apicomplexan increased with octopus dorsal mantle length (GLM, t = 2.68; p = 0.007). Infection intensity was significantly higher in male octopus (GLM, t = 2.69; p = 0.009) and decreased at higher temperatures in both sexes (GLM, t = -2.42; p = 0.018). The digestive gland condition index did not significantly vary with infection intensity, and no significant relationship between total hemocyte counts and coccidian infection was found (Lineal Model, t = 0.46; p = 0.64). The acid nucleic ratio was significantly lower in octopuses infected by A. valdessensis (Kruskal Wallis test, H = 4.8; p = 0.02), suggesting a detrimental effect on O. tehuelchus growth caused by the coccidian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Vázquez
- Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos (IBIOMAR) (CCT CONICET-CENPAT) (U9120ACF), Puerto Madryn, Argentina.
| | - Natusha Glasinovich
- Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos (IBIOMAR) (CCT CONICET-CENPAT) (U9120ACF), Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Nicolás Ortiz
- Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos (IBIOMAR) (CCT CONICET-CENPAT) (U9120ACF), Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Camino Gestal
- Laboratorio de Patobiología Molecular Marina, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), 36208 Vigo, España
| | - Julián Pontones
- Laboratorio de Patobiología Molecular Marina, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), 36208 Vigo, España
| | - Carmen Gilardoni
- Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos (IBIOMAR) (CCT CONICET-CENPAT) (U9120ACF), Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - Florencia Cremonte
- Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos (IBIOMAR) (CCT CONICET-CENPAT) (U9120ACF), Puerto Madryn, Argentina
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Li Y, Tong R, Li Z, Zhang X, Pan L, Li Y, Zhang N. Toxicological mechanism of ammonia-N on haematopoiesis and apoptosis of haemocytes in Litopenaeus vannamei. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:163039. [PMID: 36966842 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia, as an important pollutant, contributed to the reduction of immunity, disruption of physiology in animals. RNA interference (RNAi) was performed to understand the function of astakine (AST) in haematopoiesis and apoptosis in Litopenaeus vannamei under ammonia-N exposure. Shrimps were exposed to 20 mg/L ammonia-N from 0 to 48 h with injection of 20 μg AST dsRNA. Further, shrimps were exposed to 0, 2, 10 and 20 mg/L ammonia-N also from 0 to 48 h. The results showed that the total haemocytes count (THC) decreased under ammonia-N stress and the knockdown of AST resulted in a further decrease of THC, suggesting that 1) the proliferation was decreased through the reduction of AST and Hedgehog, the differentiation was interfered by Wnt4, Wnt5 and Notch, and the migration was inhibited by the decrease of VEGF; 2) oxidative stress was induced under ammonia-N stress, leading to the increase of DNA damage with the up-regulated gene expression of death receptor, mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways; 3) the changes of THC resulted from the decrease of proliferation, differentiation and migration of haematopoiesis cells and the increase of apoptosis of haemocytes. This study helps to deepen our understanding of risk management in shrimp aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufen Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Ruixue Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Zeyuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Xin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China.
| | - Yaobing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Ning Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
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3
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Liang Q, Dong B, Li A, Wu L, Zhang Y, Han T, Liu X. scRNA-seq analysis reveals toxicity mechanisms in shrimp hemocytes subjected to nitrite stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 316:137853. [PMID: 36640974 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In shrimp, hemocytes play an important role in detoxification and immune defense, and are where nitrite accumulates during exposure to this toxic environmental pollutant. However, the heterogeneity mechanisms of toxicity have not been reported under nitrite expose in shrimp. Here, we used single-cell RNA-seq to resolve 24,000 cells, which the responses of different cell populations of hemocytes under nitrite exposure in Penaeus vannamei. We identified 394 specific nitrite-responsive genes in 9 clusters of hemocytes, and found heterogeneity in the nitrite response of the three subpopulations of hemocytes (hyaline, semi-granular and granular cells). In hyaline, the response appeared modest, whereas nitrite-related dysregulation of metabolic processes in granular and semi-granular was pronounced. Ammonia nitrogen will rapidly accumulate in hemocytes of shrimp under nitrite stress. In semi-granular, excessive ammonia will interfere with oxidative phosphorylation and antioxidant system, thus inducing the production of reactive oxygen species. In granular, the abnormality of urea cycle caused by ammonia accumulation is the main toxic factor, which by inhibits arginase and arginine kinase. Collectively, our data provide a single-cell atlas for the dissection of shrimp hemocyte complexity, and reveal the toxicity mechanisms associated with nitrite exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- QingJian Liang
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, PR China; College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China.
| | - BeiBei Dong
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, PR China
| | - Ang Li
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, PR China
| | - LiTing Wu
- College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, PR China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, PR China
| | - Tao Han
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, 316022, PR China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Zhuhai, 519000, PR China.
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Mengal K, Kor G, Kozák P, Niksirat H. Effects of environmental factors on the cellular and molecular parameters of the immune system in decapods. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 276:111332. [PMID: 36241042 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Crustaceans and in particular decapods (i.e. shrimp, crabs and lobsters) are a diverse, commercially and ecologically important group of organisms. They are exposed to a range of environmental factors whose abiotic and biotic components are prone to fluctuate beyond their optimum ranges and, in doing so, affect crustaceans' immune system and health. Changes in key environmental factors such as temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia concentrations and pathogens can provoke stress and immune responses due to alterations in immune parameters. The mechanisms through which stressors mediate effects on immune parameters are not fully understood in decapods. Improved knowledge of the environmental factors - above all, their abiotic components - that influence the immune parameters of decapods could help mitigate or constrain their harmful effects that adversely affect the production of decapod crustaceans. The first part of this overview examines current knowledge and information gaps regarding the basic components and functions of the innate immune system of decapods. In the second part, we discuss various mechanisms provoked by environmental factors and categorize cellular and molecular immune responses to each environmental factor with special reference to decapods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kifayatullah Mengal
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Golara Kor
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Kozák
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Hamid Niksirat
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
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Kemal R, Fauzi IA, Nuryati S, Wardani WW, Suprayudi MA. Evaluation of Selenoprotein Supplementation on Digestibility, Growth, and Health Performance of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:2008517. [PMID: 36860982 PMCID: PMC9973150 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2008517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Selenoprotein is a feed additive that can overcome oxidative stress in intensive Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture. This study evaluated the effects of selenoprotein supplementation at various doses on Pacific white shrimp's digestibility, growth, and health performance. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design consisting of four feed treatments, namely, control and treatments with selenoprotein supplementation of 2.5, 5, and 7.5 g kg feed-1 with four replications. Shrimps (1.5 g) were reared for 70 days and challenged for 14 days by the bacteria Vibrio parahaemolyticus (107 CFU mL-1). Shrimps used in the digestibility performance evaluation (6.1 g) were reared until sufficient quantities of feces were collected for analysis. Shrimp supplemented with selenoprotein exhibited superior digestibility, growth, and health performance compared to the control (P < 0.05). The use of selenoprotein at a dose of 7.5 g kg of feed-1 (2.72 mg Se kg of feed-1) was considered the most effective for increasing productivity and preventing disease attacks in intensive shrimp culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafi Kemal
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Ichsan Achmad Fauzi
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Sri Nuryati
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Wira Wisnu Wardani
- PT Aquacell Indo Pasifik, Jl. Pedurenan 5, Gunung Sindur, Bogor 16340, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Agus Suprayudi
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
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Kuo HW, Li CY, Chen YR, Cheng W. The immunostimulatory effects of Theobroma cacao L. pod husk extract via injection and dietary administrations on Macrobrachium rosenbergii and its resistance against Lactococcus garvieae. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 132:108504. [PMID: 36563974 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.108504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The extract from Theobroma cacao L, pod husk served as the immunostimulant to enhance the immunity and resistance against Lactococcus garvieae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii. In this study, we employed the injection method and dietary administration method to determine the effect of cocoa pod husk (CPH) on M. rosenbergii. The non-specific immune parameters and disease resistance were evaluated after the prawn injected with 1 μg prawn-1 CPH extract (C1), 3 μg prawn-1 CPH extract (C3), and 5 μg prawn-1 CPH extract (C5) for 1, 3, and 7 days. The results showed a significant increase of total haemocyte count (THC), differential haemocyte count (DHC), phenoloxidase (PO) activity, respiratory bursts (RBs), and phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency to L. garvieae. The non-specific immune parameters, physiological parameters, and disease resistance and growth performance were evaluated after the prawn fed with 1 g kg-1 CPH extract diet (CD1), 3 g kg-1 CPH extract diet (CD3) and 5 g kg-1 CPH extract diet (CD5). The results showed a significant increase in all immune parameters and showed a significant decrease in physiological parameters. No significant difference was observed in growth performance of prawn fed with the CPH containing diet. Both injection and dietary method showed a significant increase in disease resistance against to L. garvieae. We therefore recommend that CPH extract can be used as a immunostimulant for prawn by dietary administration to regulate immune responses, and carbohydrate metabolism lead to enhance resistance against pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Wei Kuo
- General Research Service Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Cheng-Ying Li
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yun-Ru Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Winton Cheng
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
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Deyashi M, Chakraborty SB. Acute exposure to a neem based biopesticide and mahua oil cake changes haemocyte parameters in freshwater crab, Varuna litterata (Decapoda, Crustacea). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:505-517. [PMID: 36265743 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Present study aims to evaluate the immunotoxic effects of two biopesticides, Nimbecidine Plus (a neem biopesticide) and mahua oil cake (MOC) on the haemocyte populations of a freshwater crab, Varuna litterata after acute exposure. Four-day static renewal bioassay test was performed where sixteen healthy adult male crabs were exposed to 96-h LC50 values of Nimbecidine Plus (0.006284 ppt) and MOC aqueous extract (7.631 ppt) separately in the laboratory condition. Control groups were maintained throughout the experimental period without any biopesticide exposure. Various haemocyte parameters such as total count (THC), differential count (DHC), haemocyte density, cytomorphological anomalies and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured in the biopesticides-exposed and control crabs after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of exposure. After treatment with Nimbecidine Plus and MOC, several cytomorphological deformities (cytoplasmic and nuclear membrane disintegration, chromatin condensation, pyknosis, karyorrhexis, karyolysis, nuclear vacuolation, altered cell shape, cellular coagulation, cytoplasmic discharge, vacuolation) were observed in hyalinocytes, small granule haemocytes and large granule haemocytes with modulation of their relative percentages at different exposure times. THC, DHC, haemocyte density and ROS levels were significantly altered (p < 0.05) in biopesticides-exposed crabs at different exposure periods. The toxicity of both biopesticides did not persist throughout the entire exposure time. Nimbecidine Plus exhibited nonlinear toxic impacts on different haemocyte parameters at initial, mid and higher exposure periods whereas MOC showed linear toxic effects mostly at initial exposure time. In comparison to MOC, Nimbecidine Plus showed higher immunotoxic effects in V. litterata. Outcome of this experiment might provide useful information to understand the immune responses of V. litterata against biopesticide toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mintu Deyashi
- Department of Zoology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Govt. College, New Town, Kolkata, India; Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
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Duangsuwan P, Thaweethamsawee P, Sobhon P. Ultrastructure of cells constituting lymphoid tubules and circulating hemocytes in Penaeus monodon. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 131:1040-1050. [PMID: 36419304 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The two main groups of cells in the lymphoid tubule wall of Penaeus monodon are fixed cells and migrating hemocytes. Fixed cells include endothelial, stromal, and capsular cells. Together, they form the scaffold that defines the structure of the lymphoid tubule and provide physical support as well as a niche for transmigrating hemocytes. The luminal surface of lymphoid tubule was lined by elongated, spindle-shaped endothelial cells with a centrally located nucleus and rather thick plasma membrane. Stromal cells were the smallest type of fixed cell. They are stellate cells located between the inner endothelial and outer capsular cells. These cells formed a cyto-reticular network for migrating hemocytes. Capsular cells have a flattened and irregular shape with a ruffled border with long filamentous microvilli. The nucleus is centrally located within a small mass of cytoplasm. Together they form the outermost layer of the lymphoid tubular wall. Transmigrating hemocytes within the lymphoid tubules, as opposed to circulating hemocytes, were classified into hyaline (HH), small granular (SGH) and large granular (LGH) hemocytes. The HH have very few granules and a few cytoplasmic organelles, reflecting low synthetic activity. The granular hemocytes (SGH and LGH), despite being different in size, have similar ultrastructural characteristics. They contain high amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, mitochondria, and three types of granules. These characteristics implicate their higher synthetic as well as immunologic activities. Based on these characteristics we believe that all the hemocytes belong to a single line of cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pornsawan Duangsuwan
- Anatomy Program, Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand.
| | - Pinij Thaweethamsawee
- Anatomy Program, Division of Health and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, 90112, Thailand
| | - Prasert Sobhon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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Skafar DN, Shumeiko DV. Hemocytes of the Australian Red Claw Crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus): Morphology and Hemogram. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022060060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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Cui C, Tang X, Xing J, Sheng X, Chi H, Zhan W. Single-cell RNA-seq uncovered hemocyte functional subtypes and their differentiational characteristics and connectivity with morphological subpopulations in Litopenaeus vannamei. Front Immunol 2022; 13:980021. [PMID: 36177045 PMCID: PMC9513592 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.980021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemocytes play central roles in shrimp immune system, whereas whose subclasses have not yet been completely defined. At present, the morphological classification of hemocytes is inadequate to classify the complete hemocyte repertoire and elucidate the functions and differentiation and maturation processes. Based on single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of hemocytes in healthy Litopenaeus vannamei, combined with RNA-FISH and flow cytometric sorting, we identified three hemocyte clusters including TGase+ cells, CTL+ cells and Crustin+ cells, and further determined their functional properties, potential differentiation trajectory and correspondence with morphological subpopulations. The TGase+ cells were mainly responsible for the coagulation, exhibiting distinguishable characteristics of hyalinocyte, and appeared to be developmentally arrested at an early stage of hemocyte differentiation. The CTL+ cells and Crustin+ cells arrested at terminal stages of differentiation mainly participated in recognizing foreign pathogens and initiating immune defense responses, owning distinctive features of granule-containing hemocytes. Furthermore, we have revealed the functional sub-clusters of three hemocyte clusters and their potential differentiation pathways according to the expression of genes involved in cell cycle, cell differentiation and immune response, and the successive differentiation and maturation of hyalinocytes to granule-containing hemocytes have also mapped. The results revealed the diversity of shrimp hemocytes and provide new theoretical rationale for hemocyte classification, which also facilitate systematic research on crustacean immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Cui
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoqian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiuzhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenbin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education (KLMME), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Marine Arthropods as a Source of Antimicrobial Peptides. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080501. [PMID: 36005504 PMCID: PMC9409781 DOI: 10.3390/md20080501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptide therapeutics play a key role in the development of new medical treatments. The traditional focus on endogenous peptides has shifted from first discovering other natural sources of these molecules, to later synthesizing those with unique bioactivities. This review provides concise information concerning antimicrobial peptides derived from marine crustaceans for the development of new therapeutics. Marine arthropods do not have an adaptive immune system, and therefore, they depend on the innate immune system to eliminate pathogens. In this context, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with unique characteristics are a pivotal part of the defense systems of these organisms. This review covers topics such as the diversity and distribution of peptides in marine arthropods (crustacea and chelicerata), with a focus on penaeid shrimps. The following aspects are covered: the defense system; classes of AMPs; molecular characteristics of AMPs; AMP synthesis; the role of penaeidins, anti-lipopolysaccharide factors, crustins, and stylicins against microorganisms; and the use of AMPs as therapeutic drugs. This review seeks to provide a useful compilation of the most recent information regarding AMPs from marine crustaceans, and describes the future potential applications of these molecules.
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Huang HT, Chang JJ, Lin YR, Chen YY, Wu Chang YH, Chen BY, Nan FH. Synergistic effects of dietary oxolinic acid combined with oxytetracycline on nonspecific immune responses and resistance against Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection of white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 127:740-747. [PMID: 35792346 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.06.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the synergistic effects of oxolinic acid (OA) combined with oxytetracycline (OTC) on white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). Disk diffusion susceptibility testing was performed to analyze the sensitivity of Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus to different concentrations of OA and OTC. The results revealed that 50 mg OA/L combined with 50 mg OTC/L exhibited stronger antibacterial effects on V. alginolyticus and V. parahaemolyticus. The results of in vitro tests indicated that cotreatment with OA and OTC significantly reduced superoxide anion production and phenoloxidase activity, but not phagocytic activity. Subsequently, feeding trials were performed to investigate the immunomodulatory effects and bioaccumulation of dietary OA combined with OTC on shrimp. The healthy shrimp (15.13 ± 1.02 g) were divided into four groups: control, 100 mg OA/kg combined with 50 mg OTC/kg, 50 mg OA/kg combined with 100 mg OTC/kg, and 50 mg OA/kg combined with 50 mg OTC/kg. The shrimp were sampled to determine innate immunity parameters and residual OA and OTC levels in the muscle during a 28-day feeding regimen; the shrimp were fed the experimental diet from day 1 to day 5 and a commercial diet from day 6 to day 28. Residual OA levels were considerably higher in the group fed 100 mg OA/kg combined with 50 mg OTC/kg compared with the other groups and peaked on day 4. The residual OA levels of all the groups were below the detection limit after without providing OA. The residual OTC levels of the group fed 50 mg OA/kg combined with 100 mg OTC/kg were considerably higher from day 1 to day 4. The residual OTC levels in all the groups decreased rapidly and could not be detected on day 28. The administration of 50 mg OA/kg combined with 100 mg OTC/kg exerted the least effect on the white shrimp. Moreover, the survival rates of the treatment groups after the V. parahaemolyticus challenge were higher than those of the control group, especially the group fed 50 mg OA/kg combined with 100 mg OTC/kg. This result indicated that the synergistic effects of dietary OA and OTC are safe and effective. Combination therapy is a new method of antibiotic use in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huai-Ting Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Jen Chang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ru Lin
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Yu Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Han Wu Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Ying Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan
| | - Fan-Hua Nan
- Department of Aquaculture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City, Taiwan.
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13
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Dolar A, Jemec Kokalj A, Drobne D. Time-Course of the Innate Immune Response of the Terrestrial Crustacean Porcellio scaber After Injection of a Single Dose of Lipopolysaccharide. Front Immunol 2022; 13:867077. [PMID: 35592321 PMCID: PMC9110979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.867077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Invertebrates, including crustaceans, rely on cellular and humoral immune responses to protect against extrinsic and intrinsic factors that threaten their integrity. Recently, different immune parameters have been increasingly used as biomarkers of effects of pollutants and environmental change. Here, we describe the dynamics of the innate immune response of the terrestrial crustacean Porcellio scaber to injection of a single dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an important molecular surface component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The aim was to provide a basis for interpretation of change in immune parameters as a result of different challenges, including microplastics and nanoplastics exposure. Changes in total and differential numbers of hemocytes, hemocyte viability, and humoral immune parameters (i.e., phenoloxidase-like activity, nitric oxide levels) were assessed at different times (3, 6, 12, 24, 48 h). An injection of 0.5 μg/μL LPS into the body of P. scaber resulted in a rapid decrease (3 h after LPS injection) in the total number of hemocytes and reduced viability of the hemocytes. This was accompanied by changed proportions of the different hemocyte types, as a decrease in the numbers of semigranulocytes and granulocytes, and a marked increase in the numbers of hyalinocytes. In addition, phenoloxidase-like activity and nitric oxide levels in the hemolymph were increased at 3 h and 6 h, respectively, after the LPS challenge. Forty-eight hours after LPS injection, the immune parameters in the hemolymph of P. scaber had returned to those before the LPS challenge. This suggests that the innate immune system successfully protected P. scaber from the deleterious effects of the LPS challenge. These data indicate the need to consider the dynamics of innate immune responses of P. scaber when effects of infections, pollutants, or environmental changes are studied. We also propose an approach to test the immunocompetence of organisms after different challenges in ecotoxicity studies, based on the dynamics of their immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andraž Dolar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anita Jemec Kokalj
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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14
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Zhao H, Chen Z, Li H, Zhao Y, Wang Q, Li W. Suppressed COP9 signalosome 5 promotes hemocyte proliferation through Cyclin E in the early G1 phase to defend against bacterial infection in crab. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22321. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101710rrrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Zhe Chen
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Hao Li
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Yue‐Hong Zhao
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Qun Wang
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
| | - Wei‐Wei Li
- Laboratory of Invertebrate Immunological Defense School of Life Sciences East China Normal University Shanghai China
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15
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Benton JL, Li E, Weisbach E, Fukumura Y, Quinan VC, Chaves da Silva PG, Edwards AJ, Beltz BS. Adult neurogenesis in crayfish: Identity and regulation of neural progenitors produced by the immune system. iScience 2022; 25:103993. [PMID: 35340434 PMCID: PMC8941203 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne L. Benton
- Neuroscience Department, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
| | - Emmy Li
- Neuroscience Department, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Emily Weisbach
- Neuroscience Department, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
- Rhode Island Hospital, 593 Eddy Street, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Yuriko Fukumura
- Neuroscience Department, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
| | | | | | - Alex J. Edwards
- Neuroscience Department, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
| | - Barbara S. Beltz
- Neuroscience Department, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
- Corresponding author
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16
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Kuo HW, Cheng W. Dietary administration of tyramine upregulates on immune resistance, carbohydrate metabolism, and biogenic amines in Macrobrachium rosenbergii. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 126:104236. [PMID: 34428527 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Survival rates of prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, against Lactococcus garvieae, immune parameters, carbohydrate metabolism and biogenic amines were determined when the prawn were fed diets containing tyramine (TA) at the levels of 1 and 10 mg kg-1. Results showed that prawn fed diets containing TA for 3 days, challenged with L. garvieae, and then continuously fed individually tested diets had a significantly higher survival rate than those fed the control diet at 168 h after the challenge, in a dose-dependent manner. Results included significant increases in total haemocyte count (THC), granular cells (GCs), semigranular cells (SGCs), phenoloxidase (PO) activity, respiratory bursts (RBs), RBs per haemocyte, phagocytic activity, and clearance efficiency to L. garvieae. Significantly lower plasma glucose and lactate were observed in prawn fed with TA-containing diets for 3 days, a result consistent with increases in the survival rate of the challenge test and the haemolymph octopamine (OA) level. Haemolymph dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), TA, and OA levels of prawn that were fed TA-supplemented diets increased significantly after 1 day, and OA level increased continuously until the third day with a dose-effect relationship. It is therefore concluded that TA can be absorbed from a TA-containing diet to elevate haemolymph TA level, inducing the release of DA, NE, and OA to maintain homeostasis. The higher, more extensive OA expression promoted carbohydrate metabolism and immune resistance in M. rosenbergii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Wei Kuo
- General Research Service Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, ROC, Taiwan
| | - Winton Cheng
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, ROC, Taiwan.
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17
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Iunes RS, Branco PC, Pressinotti LN, de Carvalho RAL, da Silva JRM. Does the heterotrophic system influence the cellular immune response of Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp? In vitro phagocytosis indices and superoxide anion production comparisons. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 2:100009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2021.100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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18
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Rapid regulation of hemocyte homeostasis in crayfish and its manipulation by viral infection. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 2:100035. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2021.100035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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19
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Recent insights into hematopoiesis in crustaceans. FISH AND SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY REPORTS 2021; 2:100040. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsirep.2021.100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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20
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Kuo HW, Cheng W. Cloning and characterization of tyrosine decarboxylase (TDC) from Litopenaeus vannamei, and its roles in biogenic amines synthesis, immune regulation, and resistance to Vibrio alginolyticus by RNA interference. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 123:104167. [PMID: 34116116 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The biogenic amines, tyramine and octopamine, in the octopaminergic synthesis pathway play critical roles in regulating physiological and immunological homeostasis in Litopenaeus vannamei. Tyrosine decarboxylase (TDC) is an enzyme catalyzing the first decarboxylation step in the biosynthesis of tyramine and octopamine. The full-length gene sequence of TDC cloned from the brain of L. vannamei (LvTDC) was predicted to encode a 779-amino acid protein with a pyridoxal-dependent decarboxylase-conserved domain in close phylogenetic relationship with arthropod TDCs. LvTDC gene expression was found to be abundant in nervous thoracic ganglia. RNA interference was used to assess the immune and physiological function of LvTDC. The LvTDC knockdown shrimp revealed significant decreases in the total haemocyte count, hyaline cells, antimicrobial peptides, respiratory bursts, gene expression, respiratory bursts of haemocytes per unit of haemolymph, and phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency toward Vibrio alginolyticus. Furthermore, LvTDC knockdown was accompanied by decreases in octopamine deficiency. In the V. alginolyticus challenge test, the survival rate of LvTDC knockdown shrimp was lower than the shrimp injected with DEPC-water or GAPDH-dsRNA. In conclusion, the cloned LvTDC was responsible for octopaminergic synthesis, which then regulated physiological and immune responses in L. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Wei Kuo
- General Research Service Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Winton Cheng
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
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21
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Ballarin L, Karahan A, Salvetti A, Rossi L, Manni L, Rinkevich B, Rosner A, Voskoboynik A, Rosental B, Canesi L, Anselmi C, Pinsino A, Tohumcu BE, Jemec Kokalj A, Dolar A, Novak S, Sugni M, Corsi I, Drobne D. Stem Cells and Innate Immunity in Aquatic Invertebrates: Bridging Two Seemingly Disparate Disciplines for New Discoveries in Biology. Front Immunol 2021; 12:688106. [PMID: 34276677 PMCID: PMC8278520 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.688106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The scopes related to the interplay between stem cells and the immune system are broad and range from the basic understanding of organism's physiology and ecology to translational studies, further contributing to (eco)toxicology, biotechnology, and medicine as well as regulatory and ethical aspects. Stem cells originate immune cells through hematopoiesis, and the interplay between the two cell types is required in processes like regeneration. In addition, stem and immune cell anomalies directly affect the organism's functions, its ability to cope with environmental changes and, indirectly, its role in ecosystem services. However, stem cells and immune cells continue to be considered parts of two branches of biological research with few interconnections between them. This review aims to bridge these two seemingly disparate disciplines towards much more integrative and transformative approaches with examples deriving mainly from aquatic invertebrates. We discuss the current understanding of cross-disciplinary collaborative and emerging issues, raising novel hypotheses and comments. We also discuss the problems and perspectives of the two disciplines and how to integrate their conceptual frameworks to address basic equations in biology in a new, innovative way.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arzu Karahan
- Middle East Technical University, Institute of Marine Sciences, Erdemli, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Alessandra Salvetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Experimental Biology and Genetics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Rossi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Unit of Experimental Biology and Genetics, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lucia Manni
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Baruch Rinkevich
- Department of Biology, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
| | - Amalia Rosner
- Department of Biology, Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ayelet Voskoboynik
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, CA, United States
- Department of Biology, Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Benyamin Rosental
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Laura Canesi
- Department of Earth Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Chiara Anselmi
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, Pacific Grove, CA, United States
| | - Annalisa Pinsino
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Innovation, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Begüm Ece Tohumcu
- Middle East Technical University, Institute of Marine Sciences, Erdemli, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Anita Jemec Kokalj
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andraž Dolar
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sara Novak
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Michela Sugni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Corsi
- Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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22
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Li F, Zheng Z, Li H, Fu R, Xu L, Yang F. Crayfish hemocytes develop along the granular cell lineage. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13099. [PMID: 34162929 PMCID: PMC8222279 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92473-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the central role of hemocytes in crustacean immunity, the process of hemocyte differentiation and maturation remains unclear. In some decapods, it has been proposed that the two main types of hemocytes, granular cells (GCs) and semigranular cells (SGCs), differentiate along separate lineages. However, our current findings challenge this model. By tracking newly produced hemocytes and transplanted cells, we demonstrate that almost all the circulating hemocytes of crayfish belong to the GC lineage. SGCs and GCs may represent hemocytes of different developmental stages rather than two types of fully differentiated cells. Hemocyte precursors produced by progenitor cells differentiate in the hematopoietic tissue (HPT) for 3 ~ 4 days. Immature hemocytes are released from HPT in the form of SGCs and take 1 ~ 3 months to mature in the circulation. GCs represent the terminal stage of development. They can survive for as long as 2 months. The changes in the expression pattern of marker genes during GC differentiation support our conclusions. Further analysis of hemocyte phagocytosis indicates the existence of functionally different subpopulations. These findings may reshape our understanding of crustacean hematopoiesis and may lead to reconsideration of the roles and relationship of circulating hemocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184# Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China. .,Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Zaichao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184# Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184# Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Rongrong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184# Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Limei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184# Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, 184# Daxue Road, Xiamen, 361005, China. .,Fujian Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China.
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23
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Koiwai K, Koyama T, Tsuda S, Toyoda A, Kikuchi K, Suzuki H, Kawano R. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis reveals penaeid shrimp hemocyte subpopulations and cell differentiation process. eLife 2021; 10:e66954. [PMID: 34132195 PMCID: PMC8266392 DOI: 10.7554/elife.66954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Crustacean aquaculture is expected to be a major source of fishery commodities in the near future. Hemocytes are key players of the immune system in shrimps; however, their classification, maturation, and differentiation are still under debate. To date, only discrete and inconsistent information on the classification of shrimp hemocytes has been reported, showing that the morphological characteristics are not sufficient to resolve their actual roles. Our present study using single-cell RNA sequencing revealed six types of hemocytes of Marsupenaeus japonicus based on their transcriptional profiles. We identified markers of each subpopulation and predicted the differentiation pathways involved in their maturation. We also predicted cell growth factors that might play crucial roles in hemocyte differentiation. Different immune roles among these subpopulations were suggested from the analysis of differentially expressed immune-related genes. These results provide a unified classification of shrimp hemocytes, which improves the understanding of its immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichiro Koiwai
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyKoganeiJapan
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and TechnologyMinatoJapan
| | - Takashi Koyama
- Fisheries Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoHamamatsuJapan
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki UniversityNagasakiJapan
| | | | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Advanced Genomics Center, National Institute of GeneticsMishimaJapan
| | - Kiyoshi Kikuchi
- Fisheries Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoHamamatsuJapan
| | - Hiroaki Suzuki
- Department of Precision Mechanics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo UniversityBunkyoJapan
| | - Ryuji Kawano
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyKoganeiJapan
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24
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Bouallegui Y. A Comprehensive Review on Crustaceans' Immune System With a Focus on Freshwater Crayfish in Relation to Crayfish Plague Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:667787. [PMID: 34054837 PMCID: PMC8155518 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.667787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Freshwater crayfish immunity has received great attention due to the need for urgent conservation. This concern has increased the understanding of the cellular and humoral defense systems, although the regulatory mechanisms involved in these processes need updating. There are, however, aspects of the immune response that require clarification and integration. The particular issues addressed in this review include an overall description of the oomycete Aphanomyces astaci, the causative agent of the pandemic plague disease, which affects freshwater crayfish, and an overview of crustaceans' immunity with a focus on freshwater crayfish. It includes a classification system of hemocyte sub-types, the molecular factors involved in hematopoiesis and the differential role of the hemocyte subpopulations in cell-mediated responses, including hemocyte infiltration, inflammation, encapsulation and the link with the extracellular trap cell death pathway (ETosis). In addition, other topics discussed include the identity and functions of hyaline cells, the generation of neoplasia, and the emerging topic of the role of sessile hemocytes in peripheral immunity. Finally, attention is paid to the molecular execution of the immune response, from recognition by the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), the role of the signaling network in propagating and maintaining the immune signals, to the effector elements such as the putative function of the Down syndrome adhesion molecules (Dscam) in innate immune memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Bouallegui
- LR01ES14 Laboratory of Environmental Biomonitoring, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Bizerte, Tunisia
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25
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Hsu CH, Chen JC, Lin YC, Chen YY, Liu PC, Lin BW, Hsieh JF. White shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei that have received mixtures of heat-killed and formalin-inactivated Vibrio alginolyticus and V. harveyi exhibit recall memory and show increased phagocytosis and resistance to Vibrio infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 112:151-158. [PMID: 33232808 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heat-killed Vibrio alginolyticus (HVa), formalin-inactivated V. alginolyticus (FVa), heat-killed Vibrio harveyi (HVh), formalin-inactivated V. harveyi (FVh), live V. alginolyticus (LVa), and live V. harveyi (LVh) were used in this study. White shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei receiving two mixtures (HVa + FVa) or four mixtures (HVa + FVa + HVh + FVh) served as primary exposure, and shrimp receiving LVa or LVh afterward served as secondary exposure. Shrimp receiving marine saline and then receiving either LVa or LVh served as controls. Phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency were examined in shrimp that received two mixtures after 1-8 weeks and then received LVa. Both the phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency of shrimp receiving two mixtures were significantly higher than in control shrimp after 1-8 weeks. In another experiment, phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency were examined in shrimp that received four mixtures after 1-8 weeks and then received LVa and LVh, respectively. The phagocytic activity of shrimp receiving four mixtures was significantly higher than in control shrimp after 1-8 weeks post exposure to LVa and LVh. The clearance efficiency of shrimp receiving four mixtures was significantly higher than in control shrimp after 1-6 weeks post exposure to LVa, and 1-7 weeks post exposure to LVh. In the other experiment, the survival rate of shrimp that received four mixtures after five weeks were challenged with LVa at 6.4 × 107 colony-forming units (cfu) shrimp-1 and LVh at 4.4 × 106 cfu shrimp-1. Shrimp that received marine saline for five weeks and then challenged with LVa and LVh at a same dose served as challenged controls. The survival rate of shrimp that received four mixtures was significantly higher (90%) than that of control shrimp (67%), and significantly higher (73%) than that of control shrimp (53%) after 3-7 days post challenge with LVa and LVh. It is concluded that the mixtures have feature of adjuvant and antigen, and shrimp receiving mixtures of heat-killed and formalin-inactivated V. alginolyticus and V. harveyi even after 5-8 weeks exhibit memory recall and show increased phagocytosis and resistance to Vibrio infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hung Hsu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Chu Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202, Taiwan.
| | - Yong-Chin Lin
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yuan Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chun Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Wei Lin
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Fang Hsieh
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 202, Taiwan
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26
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Stressor-Dependant Changes in Immune Parameters in the Terrestrial Isopod Crustacean, Porcellio scaber: A Focus on Nanomaterials. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11040934. [PMID: 33917492 PMCID: PMC8067488 DOI: 10.3390/nano11040934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We compared the changes of selected immune parameters of Porcellio scaber to different stressors. The animals were either fed for two weeks with Au nanoparticles (NPs), CeO2 NPs, or Au ions or body-injected with Au NPs, CeO2 NPs, or lipopolysaccharide endotoxin. Contrary to expectations, the feeding experiment showed that both NPs caused a significant increase in the total haemocyte count (THC). In contrast, the ion-positive control resulted in a significantly decreased THC. Additionally, changes in phenoloxidase (PO)-like activity, haemocyte viability, and nitric oxide (NO) levels seemed to depend on the stressor. Injection experiments also showed stressor-dependant changes in measured parameters, such as CeO2 NPs and lipopolysaccharide endotoxin (LPS), caused more significant responses than Au NPs. These results show that feeding and injection of NPs caused an immune response and that the response differed significantly, depending on the exposure route. We did not expect the response to ingested NPs, due to the low exposure concentrations (100 μg/g dry weight food) and a firm gut epithelia, along with a lack of phagocytosis in the digestive system, which would theoretically prevent NPs from crossing the biological barrier. It remains a challenge for future research to reveal what the physiological and ecological significance is for the organism to sense and respond, via the immune system, to ingested foreign material.
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Chang CC, Kuo HW, Liu CC, Cheng W. The temporary modulation of tyramine on immune responses, carbohydrate metabolism, and catecholamines in Macrobrachium rosenbergii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:1-9. [PMID: 31904540 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.12.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tyramine (TA), a biogenic monoamine, plays various important physiological roles including immunological regulation in invertebrates. In this study, the effects of TA on the regulation of immune resistance, carbohydrate metabolism and biogenic monoamine, as well as its signaling pathway in Macrobrachium rosenbergii were determined. Results showed that total haemocyte count, hyaline cells, semigranular cells, and phenoloxidase activity per 50 μL of haemolymph and per granulocyte (the sum of semigranular and granular cells) at 0.5 h as well as phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency to Lactococcus garvieae at 1 h of prawn injected with TA at 1 nmol prawn-1 significantly increased, but the significantly decreased plasma lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity, clearance efficiency, and haemolymph glucose and dopamine were observed in prawn injected with TA at 10 nmol prawn-1 for 0.5 h. Respiratory bursts and haemolymph lactate in two TA-injection treatments at 0.5 h and 0.5-1 h, respectively, were significantly higher than those of the saline control, and in addition, TA depressed dopamine release in a dose-dependent manner after 0.5 h of TA injection. All the examined parameters returned to control levels after prawn injected with TA for 2 h. The inhibited effect of TA (at 10 nmol prawn-1 injection) on the phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency to pathogens was blocked by prazosin (an α1 adrenoceptors antagonist). For prawn received TA for 1 h then challenged with Lactococcus garvieae at 2 × 105 colony-forming units prawn-1, the survival ratio of TA 1 nmol prawn-1-injected prawn significantly increased by 20%, compared to the saline-challenged control or TA 10 nmol prawn-1-injected prawn after 144 h of challenge. These results suggested that the level of dopamine release suppression regulated by TA resulted in the immunoenhancing or immunosuppressive effects in prawn, and the signaling pathways of TA in mediating immune function were through octopamine (OA)/TA receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chyuan Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Wei Kuo
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chang-Chi Liu
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Winton Cheng
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
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Rader B, McAnulty SJ, Nyholm SV. Persistent symbiont colonization leads to a maturation of hemocyte response in the Euprymna scolopes/Vibrio fischeri symbiosis. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e858. [PMID: 31197972 PMCID: PMC6813443 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The binary association between the squid, Euprymna scolopes, and its symbiont, Vibrio fischeri, serves as a model system to study interactions between beneficial bacteria and the innate immune system. Previous research demonstrated that binding of the squid's immune cells, hemocytes, to V. fischeri is altered if the symbiont is removed from the light organ, suggesting that host colonization alters hemocyte recognition of V. fischeri. To investigate the influence of symbiosis on immune maturation during development, we characterized hemocyte binding and phagocytosis of V. fischeri and nonsymbiotic Vibrio harveyi from symbiotic (sym) and aposymbiotic (apo) juveniles, and wild-caught and laboratory-raised sym and apo adults. Our results demonstrate that while light organ colonization by V. fischeri did not alter juvenile hemocyte response, these cells bound a similar number of V. fischeri and V. harveyi yet phagocytosed only V. harveyi. Our results also indicate that long-term colonization altered the adult hemocyte response to V. fischeri but not V. harveyi. All hemocytes from adult squid, regardless of apo or sym state, both bound and phagocytosed a similar number of V. harveyi while hemocytes from both wild-caught and sym-raised adults bound significantly fewer V. fischeri, although more V. fischeri were phagocytosed by hemocytes from wild-caught animals. In contrast, hemocytes from apo-raised squid bound similar numbers of both V. fischeri and V. harveyi, although more V. harveyi cells were engulfed, suggesting that blood cells from apo-raised adults behaved similarly to juvenile hosts. Taken together, these data suggest that persistent colonization by the light organ symbiont is required for hemocytes to differentially bind and phagocytose V. fischeri. The cellular immune system of E. scolopes likely possesses multiple mechanisms at different developmental stages to promote a specific and life-long interaction with the symbiont.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Rader
- Department of MicrobiologySouthern Illinois UniversityCarbondaleIllinois
| | - Sarah J. McAnulty
- Department of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut
| | - Spencer V. Nyholm
- Department of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsConnecticut
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Liu KF, Kuo HW, Chang CC, Cheng W. The intracellular signaling pathway of octopamine upregulating immune resistance functions in Penaeus monodon. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:188-195. [PMID: 31176766 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Octopamine (OA), a biogenic monoamine, is known to mediate several immune responses. This study analyzed the effects of OA on immunological regulation in the tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. The immune parameters including total haemocyte count, differential haemocyte count, phenoloxidase activity, respiratory bursts, superoxide dismutase activity, and phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency in response to the pathogen, Photobacterium damselae, were determined when shrimp were individually injected with saline or OA at 100 or 1000 pmol shrimp-1. In addition, the intracellular second messengers in haemocyte such as Ca2+ and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) were examined in shrimp receiving saline or OA at 1 or 10 nmol shrimp-1. Results showed that all of the immune parameters significantly increased at 2-4 h in OA-injected shrimp except hyaline cells in 100 pmol shrimp-1-injected shrimp at 4 h, but phenoloxidase activity per granulocyte significantly decreased at 2-4 h. However, these had returned to saline control levels after receiving OA for 8 h except differential haemocyte count and phenoloxidase activity per granulocyte for 16 h. An injection of OA also significantly increased the survival rate of shrimp challenged with Pho. damselae. Shrimp receiving OA at 1 and 10 nmol shrimp-1 significantly increased the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) at 30-60 min and 30 min, and cAMP concentration [cAMP]i) at 5-15 min and 15 min, respectively. However, [Ca2+]i at 50-60 min, and [cAMP]i at 30-60 min returned to saline control when the shrimp received OA at 10 nmol shrimp-1, and at 1 and 10 nmol shrimp-1, respectively. These results suggest that OA administration by injection at ≤1000 pmol shrimp-1 mediates transient upregulation of immunity together with the increased resistance of P. monodon to Pho. damselae, which are modulated through intracellular Ca2+ and cAMP second messenger pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Fu Liu
- Tungkang Biotechnology Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, C.O.A, Pingtung, 92845, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsin-Wei Kuo
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chyuan Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan
| | - Winton Cheng
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan.
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Pudgerd A, Chotwiwatthanakun C, Kruangkum T, Itsathitphaisarn O, Sritunyalucksana K, Vanichviriyakit R. The hematopoietic organ of Macrobrachium rosenbergii: Structure, organization and immune status. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 88:415-423. [PMID: 30872029 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The hematopoietic organ (HO) of the giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii is a discrete, whitish mass located in the epigastric region of the cephalothorax, posterior to the brain. It is composed of hematopoietic cells arranged in a thick layer of numerous lobules that surround a central hemal sinus from which they are separated by a thin sheath. At the center of the sinus is the muscular cor frontale. The lobules extend radially outward from the sinus in three developmental zones. Basal Zone 1 nearest the sinus contains large hematopoietic stem cells with euchromatic nuclei that stain positive for proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Zone 2 contains smaller, actively dividing cells as indicated by positive 5-bromo-20-deoxyuridine (BrdU) staining. Distal Zone 3 contains small, loosely packed cells with heterochromatic nuclei, many cytoplasmic granules and vesicles indicating that they will eventually differentiate into hemocytes and enter circulation. Three main arteries, namely the ophthalmic and the 2 branches of the antennary, connect the heart to the HO. Use of India ink and 0.1 μm fluorescent micro-beads injected into the heart revealed that the cor frontale could immediately remove foreign particles from hemolymph by filtration. Fluorescent beads were also detected in the hematopoietic tissue at 30 min after injection, indicating that it could be penetrated by foreign particles. However, the fluorescent signal completely disappeared from the whole HO after 4 h, indicating its role in removal of foreign particles. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated for the first time the detailed histological structures of the HO of M. rosenbergii and its relationship to hematopoiesis and removal of foreign particles from hemolymph.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnon Pudgerd
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Charoonroj Chotwiwatthanakun
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Mahidol University, Nakhonsawan Campus, Nakhonsawan, 60000, Thailand
| | - Thanapong Kruangkum
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Ornchuma Itsathitphaisarn
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Kallaya Sritunyalucksana
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Shrimp-pathogen Interaction (SPI) Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Yothi Office, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Rapeepun Vanichviriyakit
- Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand; Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Rd., Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Söderhäll I, Junkunlo K. A comparative global proteomic analysis of the hematopoietic lineages in the crustacean Pacifastacus leniusculus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 92:170-178. [PMID: 30481524 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In crustaceans as in other arthropods, the circulating hemocytes are vital for protecting the animal against attacking microorganisms. As many hemocytes are destroyed early during an infection, new hemocytes must fast get in place to prevent disperse of a pathogenic microbe, In order to understand the hematopoietic process in more detail we here report a complete proteomic analysis from purified cell types from the APC of the hematopoietic tissue, via the remaining parts of the HPT to the mature semigranular and granular hemocytes. Several possible cell type specific proteins are detected and new putative biomarkers within the crayfish hematopoietic lineage that can be used to increase the understanding of how the differentiation process is regulated is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Söderhäll
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Kingkamon Junkunlo
- Department of Comparative Physiology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18A, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
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Kuo HW, Lin DW, Cheng W. Transient enhancement of immune resistance functions in Litopenaeus vannamei through a low-dose octopamine injection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:532-540. [PMID: 30366092 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Octopamine (OA) is known to play an important role in regulating invertebrate immune responses. In this study, we determined the effects of OA on immunity and physiological regulation in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The total haemocyte count (THC), differential haemocyte count (DHC), phenoloxidase (PO) activity, respiratory bursts (RBs), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and lysozyme, glucose, and lactate levels in plasma, and phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency in response to the pathogen, Vibrio alginolyticus, were measured when shrimp (11.1-13.0 g) were individually injected with saline or OA at 100 and 1000 pmol shrimp-1. Results showed significant increases in THC, semigranular cells (SGCs), and PO activity per 50 μL of haemolymph at 0.5-4 h; granular cells at 0.5-2 h; respiratory bursts (RBs) at 0.5-1 h; phagocytic activity at 2-4 h; and clearance efficiency at 2-8 h, but PO activity per granulocyte at 0.5-2 h significantly decreased after the OA injection. All of the immune parameters had returned to control values by 8 h after receiving OA except granular cells at 4 h, RBs at 2 h, clearance efficiency at 16 h, and PO activity per granulocyte at 4 h. However, no significant differences were observed in hyaline cells, RBs per haemocyte, lysozyme and SOD activities, glucose, or lactate during the experimental period. An injection of OA also significantly decreased the mortality of shrimp challenged with V. alginolyticus. In another experiment, the immune-related genes of transglutaminase-I, lipopolysaccharide- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein, prophenoloxidase-II, and peroxidase of shrimp that received 1000 pmol OA shrimp-1 for 1 h were significantly higher than those of shrimp that received the saline control. These results suggest that OA administration at ≤1000 pmol shrimp-1 mediates transient upregulation of immunity, which in turn promotes the resistance of L. vannamei to V. alginolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Wei Kuo
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Dong-Wei Lin
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Winton Cheng
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
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Zhang C, Zhang Q, Song X, Pang Y, Song Y, Cheng Y, Yang X. Dietary L-Tryptophan Modulates the Hematological Immune and Antibacterial Ability of the Chinese Mitten Crab, Eriocheir sinensis, Under Cheliped Autotomy Stress. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2744. [PMID: 30574139 PMCID: PMC6291750 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In pond cultures of juvenile Eriocheir sinensis, limb autotomy stress seriously affects and restricts the quality and economic benefits of aquaculture. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of L-tryptophan on E. sinensis under the cheliped autotomy stress. In the present study, 252 crabs were divided into four groups: dietary L-trp supplementation with 0.28, 0.40, 0.53, and 0.70%, and their hematological immunity, antioxidant capacity, anti-stress, and antibacterial ability were evaluated after 14 days of using biochemical analysis, flow cytometry, and molecular biology techniques. First, we counted the mortality after 14 days of feeding and found that compared with other treatments, dietary supplementation of 0.53 and 0.70% L-trp significantly lowered the mortality of E. sinensis. Moreover, the total hemocyte count (THC), hemocyanin, and glutathione (GSH) content, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity significantly increased at 7 and 14 d with dietary supplementation of 0.53 and 0.70% L-trp, in contrast with the significant decrease in malondialdehyde (MDA) content at 14 d in the same dietary groups (P<0.05). Next, the bacterial challenge test after 14 days of feeding showed that the THC levels, phagocytic rate, and acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were significantly higher with dietary supplementation of 0.53 and 0.70% L-trp after 12 and 24 h of Aeromonas hydrophila injection, along with a significant improvement in the antioxidant capacity (P<0.05). Further, we measured the expression of antibacterial-related protein genes (EslecB and HSP 90) and found that they were significant up-regulated in the hepatopancreas, hemocytes, intestine, and gill in the groups with dietary supplementation of 0.53% and 0.70% L-trp after 12 h or 24 h of A. hydrophila injection (P<0.05). Taken together, the observations in this study indicate that dietary supplementation of L-trp can enhance the antioxidant capacity and improve the hematological immune status and antibacterial ability of E. sinensis under the cheliped autotomy stress, thereby increasing the survival rate of E. sinensis under cheliped autotomy stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhe Song
- Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Pang
- Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China
| | - Yameng Song
- Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China
| | - Yongxu Cheng
- Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaozhen Yang
- Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University Shanghai, China
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Niu J, Xie SW, Fang HH, Xie JJ, Guo TY, Zhang YM, Liu ZL, Liao SY, He JY, Tian LX, Liu YJ. Dietary values of macroalgae Porphyra haitanensis in Litopenaeus vannamei under normal rearing and WSSV challenge conditions: Effect on growth, immune response and intestinal microbiota. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 81:135-149. [PMID: 30017927 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two trials were conducted to determine the effects of dietary macroalgae Porphyra haitanensis on growth, immunity and intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei. In trial 1, shrimp (mean initial wet weight about 0.64 g) were fed with seven diets (P0, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 and P6) containing 0% (basal diet), 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% and 6% P. haitanensis in triplicate for 60 days. Growth performance (weight gain, WG; specific growth rate, SGR) of shrimp fed the P4 diet were significantly higher than that of shrimp fed P0, P5 and P6 diets (P < 0.05) but without significant differences with shrimp fed P1-P3 diets (P > 0.05). Hepatopancreas phenoloxidase (PO) activity of shrimp fed the P. haitanensis containing diets was significantly higher than that of shrimp fed the basal diet (P0) (P < 0.05). Total haemocyte count (THC) of shrimp fed basal diet (P0) was significantly lower than that of shrimp fed diets containing P. haitanensis. Our results declared that dietary P. haitanensis supplementation increases the abundance of beneficial bacterials such as Nitrosopumilus, Marinobacter or Bifidobacterium and reduces the abundance of harmful bacterias such as Vibrio, and especially pronounced in P4 diet treatment. In trial 2, a WSSV injection challenge test was conducted for 7-day after the rearing trial and shrimp survival was also compared among treatments. A sudden shrimp death was found from the 4th day, and values of survival of shrimp fed the P3-P4 diets were higher than that of shrimp fed other diets during 4-7 days challenge test. The immune response in trial 2 were characterized by higher superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) and PO activities, lower THC and higher HCT compared to levels found in trial 1. In conclusion, suitable dietary P. haitanensis could enhance the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and alter total bacterial numbers or microbial diversity of L. vannamei and furthermore reduce oxidative stress and immune depression challenged by WSSV injection stress, and the level of P. haitanensis supplemented in the diet should be between 2.51% and 3.14%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
| | - Shi-Wei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Hao-Hang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Jia-Jun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Tian-Yu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Yan-Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Zhen-Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Shi-Yu Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Ju-Yun He
- Health & Nutrition, Evonik Degussa (China) Co., Ltd., Chaoyang, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Xia Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
| | - Yong-Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
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35
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Zhang K, Koiwai K, Kondo H, Hirono I. A novel white spot syndrome virus-induced gene (MjVIG1) from Marsupenaeus japonicus hemocytes. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 77:46-52. [PMID: 29567134 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
cDNA of a newly recognized white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)-induced gene (MjVIG1) was characterized from Marsupenaeus japonicus hemocytes; this gene encodes a protein that lack similarity to any known characterized protein. To identify this novel gene, we mainly conducted transcript level analysis, immunostaining and flow cytometry after WSSV infection. MjV1G1 transcript levels were also measured after Yellow head virus (YHV) and Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection tests. In non-infected and WSSV-infected shrimp, MjVIG1 was observed in granule-containing hemocytes. In addition, the MjVIG1 transcript level and ratio of MjVIG1-positive hemocytes both significantly increased, and number of MjVIG1-positive hemocytes slightly increased after WSSV infection. In contrast, MjVIG1 transcript level did not change after YHV and V. parahaemolyticus infection. These results indicated that MjVIG1 might be a WSSV-specific induced gene in M. japonicus hemocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehong Zhang
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Keiichiro Koiwai
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Kondo
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Ikuo Hirono
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan.
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Kuo HW, Cheng W. Octopamine enhances the immune responses of freshwater giant prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, via octopamine receptors. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 81:19-32. [PMID: 29133063 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Octopamine (OA) is known to play an important role in regulating insect immune responses. In Macrobrachium rosenbergii (18.0 ± 1.7 g), OA at 25.0 and 250.0 pmol/prawn significantly increased THC, semigranular cells (SGCs) and PO activity in hemocytes per 50 μL hemolymph, hyaline cells, granular cells (GCs) and RBs in hemocytes per 10 μL hemolymph, and RBs per hemocyte, and however, significantly decreased PO activity per granulocyte (GC + SGC), which returned to control levels after 4 h of injection. The significantly increased phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency of prawn received OA for 8 h returned to control levels after 16 h of injection. In addition, the significantly increased glucose and decreased lactate were observed within 1 h of OA injection. In the susceptibility test, prawn received OA at 25.0 or 250.0 pmol/prawn for 2 h then challenged with Lactococcus garvieae at 105 colony-forming units/prawn significantly increased the resistance of prawns by 23.3% and 30.0%, respectively, compared to the saline-challenged control after 144 h of challenge. In addition, the changes on immunocompetence induced by OA were observed to be blocked by adrenoceptors antagonists. These results suggest that OA administration at 250.0 pmol/prawn or less causes the mediate a transient up-regulation in immune and physiologic responses to promote the resistance of M. rosenbergii to L. garvieae, which are thought to be mediated by α- and β-adrenergic-like octopamine receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Wei Kuo
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan
| | - Winton Cheng
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
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Yang XZ, Zhang C, Huang GY, Xu MJ, Cheng YX, Yang ZG, Zhang Q, Wang YY. Cellular and biochemical parameters following autotomy and ablation-mediated cheliped loss in the Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 81:33-43. [PMID: 29146453 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the pond culture of juvenile Eriocheir sinensis, various factors have frequently led to a high rate of autotomy and limb impairments. This study evaluated the differential effects of cheliped loss with autotomy and ablation on the short-term cellular and biochemical parameters of juvenile E. sinensis. In this study, compared with the crabs before treatment, the total hemocyte counts (THC), granulocyte counts (GC), hemocyte agglutination, phosphatase activity and glucose metabolism levels were significantly increased, while hyalinocyte counts (HC) and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were significantly decreased within 3 h. However, the THC levels, hemocyte agglutination and hemocyte proliferation were significantly higher in the ablation group within 3 h compared to the autotomy group. Moreover, the changes of glucose metabolism and immune-related enzymes activities in ablation groups were later than autotomy groups. The bacterial challenge showed that the mortality rate of the ablation group was significantly higher than that of the autotomy group. Therefore, the observations in this study indicate that compared with the passive trauma response of ablation, autotomy is a congenital, efficient, and active trauma response mechanism, which is of great significance to the survival and growth of E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhen Yang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Cong Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Gen-Yong Huang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Min-Jie Xu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yong-Xu Cheng
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Yang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yi-Yue Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
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Yang B, Jia Y, Jia Z, Wang W, Song X, Li Y, Yi Q, Wang L, Song L. The cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) mediates hematopoiesis through G1-to-S transition in Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 81:156-166. [PMID: 29198777 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), a family of cell cycle-related serine/threonine kinases, participate in various biological processes, and play crucial roles in the innate immunity. In the present study, a CDK2 (designed as EsCDK2) with a serine/threonine protein kinase catalytic domain was identified from Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). The full-length cDNA sequence of EsCDK2 was of 2405 bp with an open reading frame (ORF) of 909 bp. EsCDK2 shared 66%-81% sequence similarities with previously identified CDK2s. It was clustered with the CDK2 from Penaeus monodon in the invertebrate branch of the phylogenetic tree. The mRNA transcripts of EsCDK2 were highly expressed in hematopoietic tissue (HPT) and gonad, while lower in hemocytes, heart, gills, and muscle. EsCDK2 protein distributed in both cytoplasm and nucleus of HPT cells. The expression of EsCDK2 mRNA in HPT was significantly up-regulated and peaked at 3 h post stimulations with Aeromonas hydrophila (2.31-fold, p < 0.05) and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (2.02-fold, p < 0.05). After exsanguination, the total hemocyte counts (THC) decreased significantly to 0.42 × 107/ml (0.39-fold, p < 0.05) at 0.5 h, then returned to a normal level at 6 h, while the mRNA expression of EsCDK2 in HPT cells was up-regulated at the early phase from 0.5 h to 6 h. After injection of EsCDK2-dsRNA, the mRNA expression level of EsCDK2 in HPT and THC both decreased to 0.53-fold (p < 0.01) and 0.78-fold (p < 0.05) at 24 h, respectively, and the percentage of new-born hemocytes in HPT also decreased significantly from 37.7% to 16.3% (0.43-fold, p < 0.01). After knocking down of EsCDK2, THC decreased dramatically at 6 h (0.65-fold, p < 0.01) post exsanguination, while returned normal at 6 h in PBS group. After interference of EsCDK2 mRNA expression, the percentage of G0-G1 phase cells significantly increased to 85.01% (1.26-fold, p < 0.01), while S phase and G2-M phase cells significantly decreased to 7.92% (0.46-fold, p < 0.01) and 7.07% (0.43-fold, p < 0.01) respectively, indicating that the cell cycle of HPT cells arrested at G1 phase. These results collectively demonstrated that EsCDK2 participated in the regeneration of hemocytes or hematopoiesis by regulating the transition from G1 to S phase in the cell cycle, and involves in the innate immune responses of E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunke Jia
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhihao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaorui Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yannan Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Qilin Yi
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Functional Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266235, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology & Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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Xie JJ, Chen X, Guo TY, Xie SW, Fang HH, Liu ZL, Zhang YM, Tian LX, Liu YJ, Niu J. Dietary values of Forsythia suspensa extract in Penaeus monodon under normal rearing and Vibrio parahaemolyticus 3HP (VP 3HP) challenge conditions: Effect on growth, intestinal barrier function, immune response and immune related gene expression. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 75:316-326. [PMID: 29454898 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two trials were conducted to determine the effects of dietary Forsythia suspensa extract (FSE) on shrimp, Penaeus monodon, first on growth performance, second on the immune response and immune related gene expression of shrimp. In trial 1, shrimp (mean initial wet weight about 3.02 g) were fed with five diets containing 0% (basal diet), 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.04% and 0.06% FSE in triplicate for 60 days. Growth performance (final body wet weight, FBW; weight gain, WG; biomass gain, BG) of shrimp fed FSE diets were higher (P < 0.05) than that of shrimp fed the basal diet. The survival among all the diets treatments were above 90% and no significant difference was revealed among them (P > 0.05). The antioxidant capacity (total antioxidant status, TAS; glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px) appears in the trend of firstly increasing then decreasing with the increasing of dietary FSE levels. The highest value of TAS and GSH-Px were found in shrimp fed 0.02% FSE diet and were significantly higher than that of shrimp fed the basal and 0.06% FSE diets (P < 0.05). Hepatopancreas malondialdehyde (MDA) of shrimp fed FSE diets were lower (P < 0.05) than that of shrimp fed the basal diet. Total haemocyte count of shrimp fed the basal diet was lower (P < 0.05) than that of shrimp fed FSE diets. Haemolymph clotting time of shrimp had the opposite trend with the total haemocyte count of shrimp. No significant differences were found in haemolymph biomarkers of intestinal permeability (endotoxin and diamine oxidase) and in molecular gene expression profiles of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp 70) mRNA and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) mRNA in haemolymph of shrimp among all diet treatments (P > 0.05). In trial 2, a pathogenic strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus 3HP (VP3HP) injection challenge test was conducted for 6-day after the rearing trial and shrimp survival were also compared among treatments. Survival of shrimp fed diets supplemented with 0.01%-0.02% FSE were higher than that of shrimp fed the basal and 0.06% FSE diets (P < 0.05). Dietary FSE supplementation produced stronger hepatopancreas antioxidant capacity (TAS, GSH-Px) (P < 0.05) and higher glutathione (GSH) level (P < 0.05), lower superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) (P < 0.05), higher total haemocyte count (P < 0.05), lower haemolymph clotting time (P < 0.05), lower MDA and carbonyl protein concentration (P < 0.05), lower haemolymph biomarkers of intestinal permeability (endotoxin and diamine oxidase) (P < 0.05), generated lower molecular gene expression profiles of HSP 70 mRNA and higher HIF-1α mRNA (P < 0.05) than the basal diet. The immune response were characterized by lower TAS and higher antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, GSH-Px) and higher oxidative stress level (MDA and carbonyl protein) and higher haemolymph biomarkers of intestinal permeability (endotoxin and diamine oxidase) compared to levels found in trail 1. However, the total haemocyte counts and haemolymph clotting times were not changed in 0.01%-0.02% FSE diets treatments between trial 1 and trial 2 (P > 0.05). The molecular gene expression profile of Hsp 70 mRNA was increased while HIF-1α mRNA was decreased when compared to trial 1. In conclusion, results suggested that dietary intake containing FSE could enhance the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of P. monodon and furthermore reduce oxidative stress and immune depression challenged by a pathogenic strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus stress. Considering the effect of FSE on both growth performance and immune response of P. monodon, the level of FSE supplemented in the diet should be between 0.01% and 0.02%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jun Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Xu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510300, PR China
| | - Tian-Yu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Shi-Wei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Hao-Hang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Zhen-Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Yan-Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Li-Xia Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Yong-Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Jin Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animal and Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China.
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Zhang C, Yang XZ, Xu MJ, Huang GY, Zhang Q, Cheng YX, He L, Ren HY. Melatonin Promotes Cheliped Regeneration, Digestive Enzyme Function, and Immunity Following Autotomy in the Chinese Mitten Crab, Eriocheir sinensis. Front Physiol 2018; 9:269. [PMID: 29623051 PMCID: PMC5875391 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the pond culture of juvenile Eriocheir sinensis, a high limb-impairment rate seriously affects the culture success. Therefore, it is particularly important to artificially promote limb regeneration. This study evaluated the effects of melatonin on cheliped regeneration, digestive ability, and immunity, as well as its relationship with the eyestalk. It was found that the injection of melatonin significantly increased the limb regeneration rate compared with the saline group (P < 0.05). The qRT-PCR results of growth-related genes showed that the level of EcR-mRNA (ecdysteroid receptor) and Chi-mRNA (chitinase) expression was significantly increased following the melatonin injection, while the expression of MIH-mRNA (molt-inhibiting hormone) was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Melatonin significantly increased lipase activity (P < 0.05). We observed that the survival rates of limb-impaired and unilateral eyestalk-ablated crabs were substantially improved following melatonin treatment, whereas the survival of the unilateral eyestalk-ablated crabs was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the results of serum immune and antioxidant capacity revealed that melatonin significantly increased the total hemocyte counts (THC), hemocyanin content, total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), acid phosphatase (ACP), and glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px), whereas the immune-related parameters were significantly decreased in eyestalk-ablated crabs (P < 0.05). Therefore, these findings indicate that melatonin exerts a protective effect on organism injury, which could promote limb regeneration by up-regulating the expression of growth-related genes, improve digestive enzyme activity, and strengthen the immune response, particularly antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Yang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min-Jie Xu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gen-Yong Huang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Xu Cheng
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Long He
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong-Yu Ren
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China.,Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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41
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Mapanao R, Kuo HW, Chang CC, Liu KF, Cheng W. L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) induces neuroendocrinological, physiological, and immunological regulation in white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 74:162-169. [PMID: 29305987 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.12.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA) is a precursor for dopamine (DA) synthesis. Assessments were conducted to analyze the effects of l-DOPA on mediating regulation of neuroendocrinological, immunological, and physiological parameters in the shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei when they were individually injected with 0.01 N HCl or l-DOPA at 0.5 or 1.0 μmol shrimp-1 for 60, 120, and 240 min. For catecholamine synthesis evaluation, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and DA beta hydroxylase (DBH) activities, l-DOPA, DA, and norepinephrine (NE) levels in hemolymph were determined. The total hemocyte count (THC), differential hemocyte count (DHC), phenoloxidase (PO) activity, respiratory bursts (RBs), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, phagocytic activity, and clearance efficiency in response to the pathogen, Vibrio alginolyticus were assessed for immune responses, and plasma glucose and lactate levels were for physiological response. Results showed that the TH activity, THC, hyaline cells (HCs), and semigranular cells (SGCs) at 120 min, DA levels at 60-240 min, PO activity in hemocytes per 50 μL of hemolymph at 60-120 min, and PO activity per granulocyte (granular cells (GCs) + SGCs) at 60 min significantly increased, but TH activity, l-DOPA levels, GCs, SGCs, and respiratory bursts in hemocytes per 10 μL of hemolymph at 60 min, respiratory bursts per hemocyte and SOD activity at 120 min, phagocytic activity at 60-240 min, and the clearance efficiency at 60-120 min significantly decreased in shrimp injected with l-DOPA at 1.0 μmol shrimp-1. In another experiment, 60 min after shrimp had received l-DOPA at 0.5 or 1.0 μmol shrimp-1, they were challenged with an injection of V. alginolyticus at 2 × 105 colony-forming units (cfu) shrimp-1. The injection of l-DOPA at 1.0 μmol shrimp-1 also significantly increased the cumulative mortality of shrimp by 16.7%, compared to the HCl-challenged control after 120 h. These results suggest that l-DOPA administration at 1.0 μmol shrimp-1 can mediate the transient regulation of neuroendocrinological, immunological, and physiologic responses resulting in immunosuppression, which in turn promoted the susceptibility of L. vannamei to V. alginolyticus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchaneegorn Mapanao
- Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering, Khon Kaen University, Nong Khai Campus, Nong Khai 43000, Thailand
| | - Hsin-Wei Kuo
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Chuan Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kuan-Fu Liu
- Tungkang Biotechnology Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, C.O.A., Pingtung 92845, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Winton Cheng
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
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Li Y, Jia Z, Yi Q, Song X, Liu Y, Jia Y, Wang L, Song L. A novel GATA-like zinc finger transcription factor involving in hematopoiesis of Eriocheir sinensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 74:363-371. [PMID: 29325712 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 01/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
GATA transcription factor is a family of DNA-binding proteins that can recognize and bind to sequence of (A/T) GATA (A/G). In the present study, a GATA-like protein (named as EsGLP) was characterized from Eriocheir sinensis, including an 834 bp full length open reading frame of EsGLP, encoding a polypeptide of 277 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence of EsGLP contained one conserved GATA-type zinc finger of the form Cys-X2-Cys-X17-Cys-X2-Cys, with four cysteine sites. The EsGLP mRNA transcripts were mainly detected in the hematopoietic tissue, hepatopancreas and gonad. The recombinant EsGLP protein was prepared for the antibody production. The EsGLP protein was mainly distributed in the edge of lobules in the HPT and the cytoplasm of hemocytes. The mRNA transcripts of EsGLP in hemocytes were significantly decreased at 24 h (0.39-fold and 0.27-fold, p < .05) and 48 h (0.35-fold and 0.16-fold, p < .05) after LPS and Aeromonas hydrophila stimulation, respectively. However, one peak of EsGLP mRNA transcripts were recorded at 24 h (8.71-fold, p < .05) in HPT after A. hydrophila stimulation. The expression level of EsGLP mRNA in HPT was significantly up-regulated at 2 h, 2.5 h and 9 h (41.74-fold, 45.38-fold and 26.07-fold, p < .05) after exsanguination stimulation. When EsGLP gene expression was inhibited by the injection of double-stranded RNA, both the total hemocytes counts and the rate of EdU-positive hemocytes were significantly decreased (0.32-fold and 0.56-fold compared to that in control group, p < .05). All these results suggested that EsGLP was an important regulatory factor in E. sinensis which involved in the hemocytes generation and the immune response against invading pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Li
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhihao Jia
- Key laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qilin Yi
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaorui Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yunke Jia
- Key laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China; Laboratory of Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Process, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Suleiman S, Smith VJ, Dyrynda EA. Unusual tissue distribution of carcinin, an antibacterial crustin, in the crab, Carcinus maenas, reveals its multi-functionality. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 76:274-284. [PMID: 28655578 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Crustins are whey acidic four-disulphide core (WFDSC) domain-containing proteins in decapods that are widely regarded as antimicrobial agents that contribute to host defence. Whilst there have been many analyses of crustin gene expression in tissues, few studies have been made of the distribution of the natural proteins. Here we report an immunostaining investigation of carcinin, a native crustin from Carcinus maenas, in the body organs. The results show that the protein is largely confined to the haemocytes with only a weak signal detected in the heart, hepatopancreas and midgut caecum where it is restricted to the outer surfaces. Importantly, carcinin was seen to be deposited by the haemocytes on these surfaces. Higher levels of staining were detected in the gonads with carcinin particularly abundant in the capsule of ovary as well as some oocytes. Conspicuous staining was further evident in the cuticle of the eyestalk peduncles. Ablation of the eyestalks resulted in a reduction of carcinin in the maturing ovary with the mature eggs rarely displaying a strong signal for the protein. Interestingly, the degree of carcinin also strongly increased in the healing peduncle, indicating that the protein may be associated with wounding, cell damage and/or tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Suleiman
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie J Smith
- Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland KY16 8LB, United Kingdom.
| | - Elisabeth A Dyrynda
- Centre for Marine Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Institute of Life and Earth Sciences, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, Scotland EH14 4AS, United Kingdom
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Elbahnaswy S, Koiwai K, Zaki VH, Shaheen AA, Kondo H, Hirono I. A novel viral responsive protein (MjVRP) from Marsupenaeus japonicus haemocytes is involved in white spot syndrome virus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 70:638-647. [PMID: 28935599 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A viral responsive protein (MjVRP) was characterized from Marsupenaeus japonicus haemocytes. In amino acid homology and phylogenetic tree analyses, MjVRP clustered in the same group with the viral responsive protein of Penaeus monodon (PmVRP15), showing 34% identity. MjVRP transcripts were mainly expressed in haemocytes and the lymphoid organ. Western blotting likewise showed that MjVRP was strongly expressed in haemocytes and the lymphoid organ. Immunostaining detected MjVRP within the cytosol next to the perinuclear region in some haemocytes. Experimental challenge with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) significantly up-regulated the mRNA level of MjVRP in the M. japonicus haemocytes at 6 and 48 h. Flow cytometry and indirect immunofluorescence assays revealed that the ratio of MjVRP+ haemocytes significantly increased 24 and 48 h post-WSSV infection. These results suggest that MjVRP+ haemocytes have a supporting role in the pathogenesis of WSSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Elbahnaswy
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan; Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Keiichiro Koiwai
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Viola H Zaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Adel A Shaheen
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
| | - Hidehiro Kondo
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan
| | - Ikuo Hirono
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Konan 4-5-7, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan.
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Cheng W, Ka YW, Chang CC. Involvement of dopamine beta-hydroxylase in the neuroendocrine-immune regulatory network of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 68:92-101. [PMID: 28709722 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In shrimp, the biosynthesis of catecholamines, including dopamine and norepinephrine, is required for physiological and immunological responses against stress. Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), a copper-containing monooxygenase enzyme that plays an important role in catecholamine synthesis of the neuroendocrine regulatory network, was identified in Litopenaeus vannamei. In the present study, the potential role of DBH in the immunocompetence of L. vannamei was further estimated by depleting DBH by pharmaceutical inhibition of disulfiram and a gene silencing technique of L. vannamei DBH-double-stranded (ds)RNA (LvDBH-dsRNA). Immunocompetence was evaluated following the determination of the total hemocyte count, differential hemocyte count, phenoloxidase activity, respiratory bursts, superoxide dismutase activity, phagocytic activity, and the clearance efficiency as well as the susceptibility against Vibrio alginolyticus infection. At 30-120 min after shrimp had received disulfiram, they exhibited significantly reduced total hemocyte count, phenoloxidase activity of hemocytes in hemolymph, respiratory bursts of hemocytes in hemolymph and per hemocyte, phagocytic activity, clearance efficiency, and survival ratio against V. alginolyticus infection, compared to those injected with saline. In addition, the significantly lower total hemocyte count, phagocytic activity, clearance efficiency, and resistance to V. alginolyticus infection were observed in shrimp that received LvDBH-dsRNA at 3 days post injection compared to those injected with diethyl pyrocarbonate-water or non-targeting gene-dsRNA. The DBH depleted L. vannamei revealed immunosuppression and decreased the survival ratio to V. alginolyticus infection, which indicated that DBH played a crucial role in the neuroendocrine-immune regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winton Cheng
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ya-Wen Ka
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Chyuan Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
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Hemocytes and hemocytic responses in the mole crab Emerita emeritus (Linnaeus 1767). J Invertebr Pathol 2017; 148:129-137. [PMID: 28668255 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2017.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The mole crab, Emerita emeritus, collected from the sandy shores of a Chennai beach, was investigated for cellular immune responses based on the morphology and defensive reactions of the circulating haemocytes. Three haemocyte morphotypes were identified using light and electron microscopy, and separated in a discontinuous percoll gradient. A phagocytosis study using human B erythrocyte as a target cell under phase-contrast optics showed that granular and semi-granular haemocytes were phagocytic, and this response was enhanced by using serum (opsonin)-coated human B erythrocyte in unfractionated and fractionated haemocytes. Observation of TEM image of phagocytosis revealed that the initial recognition and binding of the target cell was restricted to granular and semigranular haemocytes, which were lacking with hyaline cells. However, the encapsulation of DEAE Sepharose CL 6B beads, either untreated or coated with serum (opsonin), was restricted to hyaline cells. This suggests the occurrence of two cell lines in haemocytes, based on the differences observed in the response of haemocytes to bind target cells for phagocytosis or encapsulation. The present study also differentiated the activation of PO in the plasma, serum, and haemocyte lysate supernatant (HLS).
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47
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Marisa Halim A, Lee PP, Chang ZW, Chang CC. The hot-water extract of leaves of noni, Morinda citrifolia, promotes the immunocompetence of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 64:457-468. [PMID: 28359947 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The hot-water Morinda citrifolia leaf extract (HMLE) was prepared for in vitro assessment on phenoloxidase (PO) activity, respiratory bursts (RBs), and phagocytic activity (PA). Furthermore, the HMLE was administrated in the diet at 0.6, 3, and 6 g (kg diet)-1 for Macrobrachium rosenbergii, and the potential effects on the immunocompetence of prawns were evaluated. PO activity, RBs, and PA in hemocytes incubated with the HMLE at 140, 20, 20, and 140 mg l-1 significantly increased. The immune parameters of the total hemocyte count (THC), differential hemocyte count (DHC), RBs, PO activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, PA, transglutaminase (TG) activity and hemolymph clotting time were evaluated before and after 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 weeks of the feeding trial. During 9 weeks of the feeding trial, higher THCs, DHCs, RBs, PO, and TG as well as accelerated clotting times were observed in prawns fed HMLE-containing diets at 0.6 g kg-1. The mRNA expressions of prophenoloxidase, TG, crustin, and lysozyme of prawns fed HMLE-containing diets at 0.6 g kg-1 for 9 weeks of the feeding trial significantly increased. The susceptibility of prawns fed the HMLE at 0.6 g kg-1 to Lactococcus garvieae infection significantly decreased, and the relative survival percentage was 23.1%. We therefore found that HMLE administrated through the diet at 0.6 g kg-1 was capable of enhancing the immunity and resistance against L. garvieae in M. rosenbergii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atika Marisa Halim
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC; Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Brawijaya, Malang, East Java 65145, Indonesia
| | - Pai-Po Lee
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Zhong-Wen Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Chyuan Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
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48
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Mapanao R, Chang CC, Cheng W. The upregulation of immune responses in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) silenced Litopenaeus vannamei. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:30-42. [PMID: 27825820 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Catecholamines (CAs) play a crucial role in maintaining physiological and immune homeostasis in invertebrates and vertebrates under stressful conditions. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the first and rate-limiting enzyme in CA synthesis. To develop an effective CA-related immunological defense system against stress and pathogen infection, various criteria, were evaluated in TH double-stranded (ds) RNA-injected white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Specifically, the relative transcript quantification of TH, dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH), crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH), and other immune-related genes; TH activity in the haemolymph; and the estimation of l-dihydroxyphenylalanine (l-DOPA), glucose, and lactate levels in the haemolymph were examined. TH depletion revealed a significant increase in the total haemocyte count; granular cells; semigranular cells; respiratory bursts (RBs, release of superoxide anion); superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity; phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency; and the expression of lipopolysaccharide and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein and peroxinectin, SOD, crustin, and lysozyme genes. In addition, the reduction of TH gene expression and activity was accompanied by a decline of phenoloxidase (PO) activity per granulocyte, lower glucose and lactate levels, and significantly low expression of DBH and CHH genes. However, the number of hyaline cells, activity of PO, RBs per haemocyte, and expression of POI and POII genes were not significantly different in the LvTH-silenced shrimp. Notably, the survival ratio of LvTH-silenced shrimp was significantly higher than that of shrimp injected with diethyl pyrocarbonate-water and nontargeting dsRNA when challenged with Vibrio alginolyticus. Therefore, the depletion of TH can enhance disease resistance in shrimp by upregulating specific immune parameters but downregulating the levels of carbohydrate metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratchaneegorn Mapanao
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pintung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chin-Chyuan Chang
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Winton Cheng
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan, ROC.
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Ng'ambi JW, Li R, Mu C, Song W, Liu L, Wang C. Dietary administration of saponin stimulates growth of the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus and enhances its resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 59:305-311. [PMID: 27815204 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The immunostimulatory role of dietary saponins on swimming crabs was investigated under field conditions. Portunus trituberculatus were fed diets enriched with Quillaja saponin (QS) at 150, 300 and 450 mg kg-1. They had an enhanced growth rate and increased resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus compared to crabs not fed with QS. Significant effects were observed on the average body weight, percentage weight gain and specific growth rate (p < 0.05). Total hemocyte and hyaline cell counts of P. trituberculatus fed with 300 and 450 mg kg-1 saponin in their diets significantly increased (p < 0.05) compared to the control. Phenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities significantly increased in response to the incorporation of QS in the diet. However, the respiratory burst activity did not increase significantly. The phagocytic activity was significantly enhanced at 300 and 450 mg kg-1 of saponin. QS diets can enhance growth of P. trituberculatus and its immune resistance against V. alginolyticus. Dietary administration of saponin may help to control diseases and improve production in the crab aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Wiza Ng'ambi
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Ronghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Changkao Mu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Weiwei Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
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50
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Chen YY, Kitikiew S, Yeh ST, Chen JC. White shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei that have received fucoidan exhibit a defense against Vibrio alginolyticus and WSSV despite their recovery of immune parameters to background levels. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 59:414-426. [PMID: 27815206 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
White shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei receiving fucoidan at 2, 6, and 10 μg g-1 after 0-144 h or 0-120 h were examined for immune parameters (haemograms, phenoloxidase activity, respiratory burst, and superoxide dismutase activity), proliferation of haemocyte in the haematopoietic tissue (HPT), gene expression, and phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency to Vibrio alginolyticus. Immune parameters and mitotic index of HPT increased after 3-24 h, reached their maxima after 48-72 h, and returned to background values after 144 h. Transcripts of lipopolysaccharide and β-1,3-glucan binding protein (LGBP), peroxinectin (PX), prophenoloxidase (proPO) I, proPO II, astakine, and haemocyte homeostasis-associated protein (HHAP) were up-regulated to a maximum after 48-72 h and returned to background values after 144 h. Phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency to V. alginolyticus increased after 12 h, reached its maximum after 48 h, and continued to remain higher after 120 h. In another experiment, shrimp receiving fucoidan after 48 h and 144 h were respectively challenged with V. alinolyticus at 6 × 106 colony-forming units (cfu) shrimp-1 or challenged with WSSV at 1.2 × 105 copies shrimp-1 and then placed in seawater. The survival rate of shrimp receiving fucoidan was significantly higher than in controls. In conclusion, shrimp receiving fucoidan showed a proliferation of HPT, increased immune parameters, and up-regulated transcripts of LGBP, PX, proPO I, proPO II, astakine, and HHAP after 48 h. Shrimp receiving fucoidan exhibited a defense against V. alginolyticus and WSSV, even after immune parameters recovered to background levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yuan Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Suwaree Kitikiew
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Su-Tuen Yeh
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jiann-Chu Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Life Sciences, Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, 20224, Taiwan, ROC.
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