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Reda RM, El-Murr A, Abdel-Basset NA, Metwally MMM, Ibrahim RE. Infection dynamics of Shewanella spp. in Nile tilapia under varied water temperatures: A hematological, biochemical, antioxidant-immune analysis, and histopathological alterations. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 149:109588. [PMID: 38677630 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
In aquaculture, fluctuating water temperatures can act as a potent stressor, influencing the virulence and transmission dynamics of pathogenic bacteria, potentially triggering outbreaks and impacting fish health. The purpose of this work was to examine the impact of Shewanella spp. infection on hematological, biochemical, and antioxidant-immune parameters of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under different water temperatures. For this purpose, 180 fish were divided into 6 groups in triplicate (30 fish per group; 10 fish per replicate). Group 1 (G1), G2, and G3 were reared at varying water temperatures (22 °C, 28 °C, and 31 °C, respectively) without infection. While G4, G5, and G6 were IP-injected with 0.2 mL of Shewanella spp. (0.14 × 105) and reared at 22 °C, 28 °C, and 31 °C, respectively. Shewanella spp. infection induced significant lowering (p < 0.05) in hematological parameters (red and white blood cells, hemoglobin, and packed cell volume%) and immune-antioxidant responses (phagocytic activity%, phagocytic index, lysozyme, nitric oxide), total antioxidant capacity, catalase, and reduced glutathione, especially at 22 °C. Moreover, a significant increase (p < 0.05) in the hepato-renal function indicators (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, and creatinine), stress biomarkers (glucose and cortisol), malondialdehyde, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α) were the consequences of the Shewanella spp. infection, especially at 22 °C. The Shewanella spp. infection exhibited marked histopathological changes in the hepatic and renal tissues. Worthily, Shewanella spp. can cause detrimental alterations in Nile tilapia's hematological, biochemical, and antioxidant-immune parameters at various water temperatures, but the major detrimental changes were observed at a water temperature of 22 °C. Consequently, we can conclude that the infection dynamics of Shewanella spp. are exaggerated at 22 °C. These outcomes could help in understanding the nature of such an infection in Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha M Reda
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt.
| | - Abdelhakeem El-Murr
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Nehal A Abdel-Basset
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M M Metwally
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt; Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, King Salman International University, Ras Sidr, Egypt
| | - Rowida E Ibrahim
- Department of Aquatic Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, PO Box 44511, Zagazig, Sharkia, Egypt
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Huang D, Zhu J, Xu G, Zhang L, Chen X, Wang Y, Ren M, Liang H. Sodium chloride alleviates oxidative stress and physiological responses induced by extreme winter cold in genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT; Oreochromis niloticus). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166800. [PMID: 37673269 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
A 6-week trial was designed to investigate the effects of dietary sodium chloride supplementation on physiological, metabolic, and molecular stress response parameters. The findings showed that (1) there were no significant differences between sodium chloride supplementation groups (0.05S, 0.1S, and 0.15S) and the control group (P > 0.05), except for the 0.2S diet, which showed better final body weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio than the control group (P < 0.05). (2) The hypothermic stress experiment results showed that the survival rates in the 0.1S and 0.15S diets were significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05). (3) Transcription results showed that these enriched pathways in the gill were mainly energy metabolism and apoptosis pathways, while the major enrichment pathways in the liver were mainly amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism. (4) The plasma parameter results showed, compared to the control group, the 0.15S diet significantly increased the plasma GLU, TG contents, and Na+ and K+ concentrations and decreased the plasma ALT activity (P < 0.05). In addition, the 0.1S diet increased the plasma ALB content and Cl- concentration (P < 0.05). The gill Na+/K+-ATPase activity decreased markedly when the fish were fed the 0.1S and 0.15S diets (P < 0.05). The antioxidant enzyme activity results showed that the 0.1S and 0.15S diets significantly increased the T-SOD activities (P < 0.05). Gene expression results showed that compared to the control group, the 0.1S and 0.15S diets up-regulated the expression of gys, hsp70, mlcp, mlc, myosin, tnt mRNA, and down-regulated the akt, gk, and erk mRNA expression. Based on the regression analysis, the optimum dietary sodium chloride levels range from 0.10 % to 0.13 % of the diet, which could facilitate energy regulation, improve the immune response, and ultimately strengthen the cold resistance of GIFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Gangchun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Tongwei Co., Ltd., Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Culture of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610093, China
| | - Xiaoru Chen
- Tongwei Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Culture of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610093, China
| | - Yongli Wang
- Tongwei Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Culture of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610093, China
| | - Mingchun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Hualiang Liang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Rice-Fish Farming Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
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Dagoudo M, Mutebi ET, Qiang J, Tao YF, Zhu HJ, Ngoepe TK, Xu P. Effects of acute heat stress on haemato-biochemical parameters, oxidative resistance ability, and immune responses of hybrid yellow catfish (pelteobagrus fulvidraco × P. vachelli) juveniles. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1217-1229. [PMID: 36707493 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-10062-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of heat stress on the physiological parameters, oxidation resistance ability and immune responses in juvenile hybrid yellow catfish. Heat stress group exposed to 35 °C and control to 28 °C. Blood and liver were sampled at different hours' post-exposure. Results showed that red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC) counts, Hemoglobin (HGB) levels and hematocrit (HCT) values increased significantly (P < 0.05) post-exposure to heat stress. This indicates the increase of cell metabolism. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities, total cholesterol (TC), total protein (TP), triglyceride (TG) and glucose increased significantly (P < 0.05) indicating the need to cope with stress and cell damage. Liver TC, TG, COR hormone, C3 complement increased significantly from 24 to 96 h. Heat stress mostly affects the hepatic antioxidant and immune resistance functions, resulting in increments of cortisol levels, lysozyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities. The increase of Malondialdehyde (MDA), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) indicate stimulation of the immune responses to protect the liver cells from damage. The decrease in Liver TP indicated liver impairment. Decrease in Glycogen content from 6 to 96 h indicated mobilization of more metabolites to cope with increased energy demand. Interestingly, results showed that heat stress trigged costly responses in the experimental fish like accelerated metabolism and deplete energy reserves, which could indirectly affect ability of fish to set up efficient long term defense responses against stress. These results provide insight into prevention and management of stress in juvenile hybrid yellow catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Missinhoun Dagoudo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.9 East Shanshui Road, 214081, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- Wuxi Fisheries College of Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ezra Tumukunde Mutebi
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.9 East Shanshui Road, 214081, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Wuxi Fisheries College of Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.9 East Shanshui Road, 214081, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Fan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.9 East Shanshui Road, 214081, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao-Jun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.9 East Shanshui Road, 214081, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tlou Kevin Ngoepe
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.9 East Shanshui Road, 214081, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Wuxi Fisheries College of Nanjing Agricultural University, 214081, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No.9 East Shanshui Road, 214081, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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El-Sayed AFM, Khaled AA, Hamdan AM, Makled SO, Hafez EE, Saleh AA. The role of antifreeze genes in the tolerance of cold stress in the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). BMC Genomics 2023; 24:476. [PMID: 37612592 PMCID: PMC10464439 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tilapia is one of the most essential farmed fishes in the world. It is a tropical and subtropical freshwater fish well adapted to warm water but sensitive to cold weather. Extreme cold weather could cause severe stress and mass mortalities in tilapia. The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of cold stress on the up-regulation of antifreeze protein (AFP) genes in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Two treatment groups of fish were investigated (5 replicates of 15 fish for each group in fibreglass tanks/70 L each): 1) a control group; the fish were acclimated to lab conditions for two weeks and the water temperature was maintained at 25 °C during the whole experimental period with feeding on a commercial diet (30% crude protein). 2) Cold stress group; the same conditions as the control group except for the temperature. Initially, the temperature was decreased by one degree every 12 h. The fish started showing death symptoms when the water temperature reached 6-8 °C. In this stage the tissue (muscle) samples were taken from both groups. The immune response of fish exposed to cold stress was detected and characterized using Differential Display-PCR (DD-PCR). RESULTS The results indicated that nine different up-regulation genes were detected in the cold-stressed fish compared to the control group. These genes are Integrin-alpha-2 (ITGA-2), Gap junction gamma-1 protein-like (GJC1), WD repeat-containing protein 59 isoform X2 (WDRP59), NUAK family SNF1-like kinase, G-protein coupled receptor-176 (GPR-176), Actin cytoskeleton-regulatory complex protein pan1-like (PAN-1), Whirlin protein (WHRN), Suppressor of tumorigenicity 7 protein isoform X2 (ST7P) and ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 1-like isoform X2 (ABCA1). The antifreeze gene type-II amplification using a specific PCR product of 600 bp, followed by cloning and sequencing analysis revealed that the identified gene is antifreeze type-II, with similarity ranging from 70 to 95%. The in-vitro transcribed gene induced an antifreeze protein with a molecular size of 22 kDa. The antifreeze gene, ITGA-2 and the WD repeat protein belong to the lectin family (sugar-protein). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, under cold stress, Nile tilapia express many defence genes, an antifreeze gene consisting of one open reading frame of approximately 0.6 kbp.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asmaa A Khaled
- Animal and Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria City, 21531, Egypt
| | - Amira M Hamdan
- Oceanography Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria City, Egypt
| | - Sara O Makled
- Oceanography Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria City, Egypt
| | - Elsayed E Hafez
- Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El Arab, Alexandria City, 21934, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A Saleh
- Animal and Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Alshatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria City, 11865, Egypt.
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Silva Jungles de Carvalho LÂ, Oya-Silva LF, Perussolo MC, de Oliveira Guaita G, Moreira Brito JC, Evans AA, Prodocimo MM, Cestari MM, Bragah TT, Silva deAssis HC. Experimentally exposed toxic effects of long-term exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of CIP in males and females of the silver catfish Rhamdia quelen. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:139216. [PMID: 37321459 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin (CIP) is an antibiotic commonly used in human and veterinary medicine. It is present in the aquatic environment, but we still know very little about its effect on non-targeted organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of long-term exposure to environmental CIP concentrations (1, 10, and 100 μg.L-1) in males and females of Rhamdia quelen. After 28 days of exposure, we collected the blood for the analysis of hematological and genotoxic biomarkers. Additionally, we measured 17 β-estradiol and 11 keto-testosterone levels. After the euthanasia, we collected the brain and the hypothalamus to analyze acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and neurotransmitters, respectively. The liver and gonads were assessed for biochemical, genotoxic, and histopathological biomarkers. At 100 μg.L-1 CIP, we observed genotoxicity in the blood, nuclear morphological changes, apoptosis, leukopenia, and a reduction of AChE in the brain. In the liver was observed oxidative stress and apoptosis. At 10 μg.L-1 CIP, leukopenia, morphological changes, and apoptosis were presented in the blood and a reduction of AChE in the brain. Apoptosis, leukocyte infiltration, steatosis, and necrosis occurred in the liver. Even at the lowest concentration (1 μg.L-1), adverse effects such as erythrocyte and liver genotoxicity, hepatocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress, and a decrease in somatic indexes were observed. The results showed the importance of monitoring CIP concentrations in the aquatic environment that cause sublethal effects on fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laís Fernanda Oya-Silva
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19071, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Maiara Carolina Perussolo
- Pelé Pequeno Principe Research Institute, 80.250-200, Curitiba, PR, Parana, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Gisele de Oliveira Guaita
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Allan Arnold Evans
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; School of Medicine, Pequeno Principe Faculty, 80.230-020, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Maritana Mela Prodocimo
- Department of Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Marta Margarete Cestari
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19071, 81530-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Tarcio Teodoro Bragah
- Department of Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil; Biosciences and Biotechnology Graduation Program, Instituto Carlos Chagas (ICC), Fiocruz, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Helena Cristina Silva deAssis
- Ecology and Conservation Program Post-Graduation, Federal University of Paraná, PO Box 19031, 81531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Ezequiel Dias Foundation, 30510-010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Morshed SM, Lee TH. The role of the microbiome on fish mucosal immunity under changing environments. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023:108877. [PMID: 37302678 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The environment is crucial for fish as their mucosal surfaces face continuous challenges in the water. Fish mucosal surfaces harbor the microbiome and mucosal immunity. Changes in the environment could affect the microbiome, thus altering mucosal immunity. Homeostasis between the microbiome and mucosal immunity is crucial for the overall health of fish. To date, very few studies have investigated mucosal immunity and its interaction with the microbiome in response to environmental changes. Based on the existing studies, we can infer that environmental factors can modulate the microbiome and mucosal immunity. However, we need to retrospectively examine the existing literature to investigate the possible interaction between the microbiome and mucosal immunity under specific environmental conditions. In this review, we summarize the existing literature on the effects of environmental changes on the fish microbiome and mucosal immunity. This review mainly focuses on temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, and photoperiod. We also point out a gap in the literature and provide directions to go further in this research field. In-depth knowledge about mucosal immunity-microbiome interaction will also improve aquaculture practices by reducing loss during environmental stressful conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Monzur Morshed
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Chen Y, Wu X, Lai J, Liu Y, Song M, Li F, Gong Q. Integrated biochemical, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses provide insight into heat stress response in Yangtze sturgeon (Acipenser dabryanus). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114366. [PMID: 36508793 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Temperature fluctuations caused by climate change and global warming pose a great threat to various species. Most fish are particularly vulnerable to elevated temperatures. Understanding the mechanism of high-temperature tolerance in fish can be beneficial for proposing effective strategies to help fish cope with global warming. In this study, we systematically studied the effects of high temperature on Acipenser dabryanus, an ancient living fossil and flagship species of the Yangtze River, at the histological, biochemical, transcriptomic and metabolomic levels. Intestinal and liver tissues from the control groups (18 °C) and acute heat stress groups (30 °C) of A. dabryanus were sampled for histological observation and liver tissues were assessed for transcriptomic and metabolomic profiling. Histopathological analysis showed that the intestine and liver tissues were damaged after heat stress. The plasma cortisol content and the levels of oxidative stress markers (catalase/glutathione reductase) and two aminotransferases (aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase) increased significantly in response to acute heat stress. Transcriptomic and metabolomic methods showed 6707 upregulated and 4189 downregulated genes and 64 upregulated and 78 downregulated metabolites in the heat stress group. Heat shock protein (HSP) genes showed striking changes in expression under heat stress, with 21 genes belonging to the HSP30, HSP40, HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 families significantly upregulated by short-term heat stress. The majority of genes associated with ubiquitin and various immune-related pathways were also markedly upregulated in the heat stress group. In addition, the combined analysis of metabolites and gene profiles suggested an enhancement of amino acid metabolism and glycometabolism and the suppression of fatty acid metabolism during heat stress, which could be a potential energy conservation strategy for A. dabryanus. To the best of our knowledge, the present study represents the first attempt to reveal the mechanisms of heat stress responses in A. dabryanus, which can provide insights into improved cultivation of fish in response to global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyu Chen
- The Fishery Institute of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611730, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- The Fishery Institute of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611730, China
| | - Jiansheng Lai
- The Fishery Institute of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611730, China
| | - Ya Liu
- The Fishery Institute of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611730, China
| | - Mingjiang Song
- The Fishery Institute of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611730, China
| | - Feiyang Li
- The Fishery Institute of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611730, China
| | - Quan Gong
- The Fishery Institute of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 611730, China.
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8
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Suo N, Wu Y, Zhou Z, He Q, Bai H, Lin H, Ke Q, Xu P. Genome-Wide Association and Expression Analysis Revealed the Candidate Variants and Molecular Underpinnings of Cold-Stress Response in Large Yellow Croaker. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 24:927-941. [PMID: 35971020 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10155-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) is one of the most economically important fish in China. Recently, global climate change has caused more and more intense and extreme low temperature weathers, resulting in huge losses to the large yellow croaker industry. Therefore, it is essential to understand the mechanisms of low-temperature tolerance in large yellow croaker. Here, we conducted an integrative analysis of genome-wide association study (GWAS) and transcriptome analysis to identify candidate variants and reveal the molecular underpinning of cold-stress response in large yellow croaker. A total of 8 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) loci on 6 chromosomes were identified in the GWAS analysis, and 5764 (gill) and 3588 (liver) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in cold-stressed large yellow croaker, respectively. Further comparative and functional analysis of the candidate genes and DEGs highlighted the importance of pathways/genes related to immune response, cellular stress response, lipid transport, and metabolism in the cold-stress response of large yellow croaker. Our results provide insights into the cold tolerance of large yellow croaker and contribute to genomic-based selection for low-temperature-resistant large yellow croaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Suo
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yidi Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhixiong Zhou
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Qian He
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Huaqiang Bai
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Huanling Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Qiaozhen Ke
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, 352130, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding of Marine Organisms, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Large Yellow Croaker Breeding, Ningde Fufa Fisheries Company Limited, Ningde, 352130, China.
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9
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Dellagostin EN, Martins AWS, Blödorn EB, R Silveira TL, Komninou ER, Varela Junior AS, Corcini CD, Nunes LS, Remião MH, Collares GL, Domingues WB, Giongo JL, Vaucher RA, Campos VF. Chronic cold exposure modulates genes related to feeding and immune system in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 128:269-278. [PMID: 35952998 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nile tilapia is the fourth most produced species in the global aquiculture panorama. This species requires water temperatures higher than 16 °C to grow and survive, and so, little is known about the effects of low temperatures on genes related to food intake and inflammatory responses. This study brought insights about the modulation of genes in different tissues of Nile tilapia chronically exposed to low temperatures. Thus, sixty animals were divided in two experimental groups: a control group in which the animals remained at the optimum temperature of 24 °C; and an exposed to cold group, in which a decrease in the water temperature was applied until reaching 15 °C. These conditions were maintained for 28 days. Blood samples were collected for flow cytometry analysis, while brain, spleen, liver, and kidney tissues were collected for total RNA extraction, followed by quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). For genes related to feeding process pathway, it was observed an upregulation in pyy and a downregulation of npy and cart gene expression. Also, pro-inflammatory cytokine genes were modulated in the spleen, kidney and liver with a higher expression of il-1b and tnfα and a reduction in the il-8 and nf-κβ gene expressions in the group exposed to 15 °C. The fish exposed to cold presented higher serum cortisol levels than the ones from control group. The blood cell analysis showed a lower level of membrane fluidity and a higher DNA fragmentation and cell disruption in the group exposed to cold. These findings suggest an important effect of a stressful situation in the tilapia organism due to cold exposure. This study brings insights on tilapia wellbeing under low temperature stress. It can be a first step to understanding the appropriate way to cope with cold impacts on aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo N Dellagostin
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Amanda W S Martins
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Eduardo B Blödorn
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Tony Leandro R Silveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - Eliza R Komninou
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Antônio S Varela Junior
- Laboratório de Reprodução Animal, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brasil
| | - Carine D Corcini
- ReproPel, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Leandro S Nunes
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Mariana H Remião
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Gilberto L Collares
- Agência de Desenvolvimento da Bacia da Lagoa Mirim, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - William B Domingues
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Janice L Giongo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular de Micro-organismos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo A Vaucher
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular de Micro-organismos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil
| | - Vinicius F Campos
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brasil.
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10
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Martorell-Ribera J, Koczan D, Tindara Venuto M, Viergutz T, Brunner RM, Goldammer T, Gimsa U, Rebl A. Experimental Handling Challenges Result in Minor Changes in the Phagocytic Capacity and Transcriptome of Head-Kidney Cells of the Salmonid Fish Coregonus maraena. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:889635. [PMID: 35591870 PMCID: PMC9111177 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.889635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaculture management involves regular handling procedures, but these can evoke stress responses in farmed fish. We compiled an extensive list of published parameters that indicate the most likely handling-induced physiological deviations from the norm. However, since these parameters are based almost exclusively on studies of rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon, we conducted a handling-challenge experiment with maraena whitefish (Coregonus maraena). This salmonid fish was sampled at either 3 or 24 h after a single 1-min handling or after 10 days of daily repeated 1-min handling. The cortisol levels were strongly elevated in some individuals at 3 h after the single handling challenge, but these elevations were not significantly different between the challenged and control cohorts. The phagocytic capacity of myeloid head-kidney cells stimulated with fluorophore-labeled, inactivated Aeromonas salmonicida was significantly decreased in maraena whitefish at 3 h after the handling challenge compared to control fish. Microarray analysis of head-kidney samples from the challenged and control fish revealed 12 differentially expressed genes at 3 h and 70 at 24 h after the single handling episode, but only 5 differentially expressed genes after 10 days of repeated daily handling. The identified genes were assigned to numerous stress- and immune-relevant functional pathways, including “glucocorticoid receptor signaling” (3 h post-challenge), “HIF1A signaling” (24 h post-challenge), or “complement system” (10 days of repeated challenge). Our data reveal the tight interconnection of immune and stress pathways in the head kidney of maraena whitefish and corroborate several parameters previously found regulated in other tissues of handling-stressed rainbow trout. These findings indicate that handling may compromise the health and welfare of maraena whitefish in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Martorell-Ribera
- Fish Genetics Unit, Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
- Psychophysiology Unit, Institute of Behavioural Physiology, FBN, Dummerstorf, Germany
- Immunology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapy, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona – UB, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dirk Koczan
- Core Facility for Microarray Analysis, Institute of Immunology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Torsten Viergutz
- Service Group Cytometry, Institute of Reproductive Biology, FBN, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ronald M. Brunner
- Fish Genetics Unit, Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Tom Goldammer
- Fish Genetics Unit, Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
- Molecular Biology and Fish Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ulrike Gimsa
- Psychophysiology Unit, Institute of Behavioural Physiology, FBN, Dummerstorf, Germany
- *Correspondence: Ulrike Gimsa
| | - Alexander Rebl
- Fish Genetics Unit, Institute of Genome Biology, Research Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
- Alexander Rebl
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11
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Porter E, Clow K, Sandrelli R, Gamperl A. Acute and chronic cold exposure differentially affect cardiac control, but not cardiorespiratory function, in resting Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Curr Res Physiol 2022; 5:158-170. [PMID: 35359619 PMCID: PMC8960890 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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12
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Gou N, Ji H, Wu W, Zhong M, Zhang B. Transcriptional response to cold and fasting acclimation in Onychostoma macrolepis during the overwintering stage. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 40:100901. [PMID: 34418784 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the transcriptome responses of the liver of Onychostoma macrolepis in by RNA sequencing. The sampling process involved three groups: 1G (0 week, 10 °C), 2G (12 weeks, 0 °C) and 3G (24 weeks, 10 °C). The body weight, viscera index, hepatopancreas index and intraperitoneal fat index of O. macrolepis showed a decreasing trend with the prolonging of overwintering time. The crude fat contents of whole fish, muscle and liver in O. macrolepis after overwintering were significantly lower than those of the fish before overwintering (p < 0.05). In 1G versus 2G group, 2G versus 3G group and 1G versus 3G group, the differently expressed genes (DEGs) were 4630, 3976 and 2311, respectively. These results indicated that different stages of overwintering period had significant effects on gene expression of O. macrolepis, and the influence degree gradually decreased with the extension of overwintering period. The results of Gene ontology (GO) enrichment showed that these DEGs were mainly related to metabolism and immunity, and most of them were down-regulated. In this study, the KEGG pathway classification results showed that signal transduction was the most representative. In addition, KOG enrichment results showed that many DEGs associated with lipid transport and metabolism were down-regulated during the overwintering period. These observations suggested that slowing metabolism and delaying immunity may be the strategies for overwintering adaptation of O. macrolepis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Gou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Shaanxi Institute of Zoology, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Wenyi Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Binxin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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13
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Liu C, Ding J, Gao X, Du C, Hou C, Wu X, Shen W, Zhu J. Effects of acute low temperature stress on the hormones and gene expression of glucocorticoid receptor of large yellow croaker Larimichthys crocea. J Therm Biol 2021; 99:103018. [PMID: 34420651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The neuroendocrine system of fish responds to low temperature via regulating hormones. To explore the adaptability of Larimichthys crocea to low temperature, the levels of the plasma cortisol, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), total cholesterol (TC), and glucose were determined after exposure to low temperature and during subsequent rewarming. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene was analyzed under the stress. We found that the levels of the plasma cortisol, TSH, T3, glucose, and TC increased under the low temperature stress, suggesting that elevated hormones may be conducive to promoting the mobilization of the glucose and lipid in L. crocea exposed to low temperature. During the rewarming period, the plasma cortisol level decreased, whereas the T3 level was still significantly higher than that in the control group. Notably, the plasma T4 level was unaffected by the temperature changes. Furthermore, the sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that the GR protein of L. crocea had high homology and a similar protein structure with those from other teleosts. Under the low temperature stress, the GR mRNA expression increased in the brain and head kidney, whereas it basically returned to the control level following rewarming. These findings revealed the changes of the hormones and the potential function of the GR gene in L. crocea following exposure to low temperature, providing some insights into breeding low temperature-resistant varieties of L. crocea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China; Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fishery, Ningbo, 315012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China; Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fishery, Ningbo, 315012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinming Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chen Du
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Congcong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiongfei Wu
- Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fishery, Ningbo, 315012, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiliang Shen
- Ningbo Academy of Oceanology and Fishery, Ningbo, 315012, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Junquan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
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14
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Zhang L, Qiang J, Tao YF, Bao JW, Zhu HJ, He J, Xu P. Cloning of the gene encoding acyl-CoA thioesterase 11 and its functional characterization in hybrid yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ♀ × Pelteobagrus vachelli ♂) under heat stress. J Therm Biol 2020; 93:102681. [PMID: 33077108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Members of the ACOT (acyl-CoA thioesterase) family hydrolyze fatty acyl-CoA to form free fatty acids (FFAs) and coenzyme A (CoA). These enzymes play important roles in fatty acid metabolism. Here, we report the cloning and functional analysis of acot11β in hybrid yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ♀ × P. vachelli ♂). The open reading frame of acot11β was found to be 594 bp in length, encoding 198 amino acids. We determined the transcript levels of acot11β in ten tissues of hybrid yellow catfish by qRT-PCR and found that it was highly expressed in the liver, so we chose the liver for further analysis. We determined the transcript levels of acot11β in hybrid yellow catfish under heat stress conditions, and analyzed the changes in serum biochemical parameters, liver biochemical parameters, and transcript levels of lipid metabolism-related genes. Healthy yellow catfish were subjected to heat stress at 35 °C for 96 h, and the experimental results were compared with those from fish in a control group (28 °C). The levels of glucose (GLU), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) in serum were significantly increased in the heat-stressed group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Acute heat stress led to decreased liver glycogen contents, but significantly increased TC and TG contents in the liver (P < 0.05). The transcript levels of acot11β, acc, and fas were significantly reduced, while that of pparα was significantly increased in hybrid yellow catfish exposed to heat stress (P < 0.05). Our results indicate that acot11β plays an important role in regulating lipid metabolism in hybrid yellow catfish, and this metabolic process is greatly affected by temperature. These results may be useful for developing effective strategies to prevent or reduce metabolic disorders of yellow catfish caused by high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jun Qiang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yi-Fan Tao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jing-Wen Bao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Hao-Jun Zhu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jie He
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Pao Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
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15
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Ge G, Long Y, Shi L, Ren J, Yan J, Li C, Li Q, Cui Z. Transcriptomic profiling revealed key signaling pathways for cold tolerance and acclimation of two carp species. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:539. [PMID: 32758130 PMCID: PMC7430846 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06946-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Closely related species of the carp family (Cyprinidae) have evolved distinctive abilities to survive under cold stress, but molecular mechanisms underlying the generation of cold resistance remain largely unknown. In this study, we compared transcriptomic profiles of two carp species to identify key factors and pathways for cold tolerance and acclimation. Results Larvae of Songpu mirror carp and Barbless carp that were pretreated at 18 °C for 24 h significantly improved their survival rates under lethal cold temperature at 8 °C or 10 °C, indicating that two carp species possess the ability of cold acclimation. However, Songpu mirror carp exhibited stronger abilities of cold tolerance and acclimation than Barbless carp. Transcriptomic profiles of Songpu mirror carp and Barbless carp larvae at 28 °C and 18 °C were compared during cold acclimation through RNA-seq. Differentially expressed genes that are closely associated with the differences in cold acclimation between two carp species were identified through bioinformatics and Venn’s diagram analysis. GO enrichment analysis of these genes indicated that cellular component assembly involved in morphogenesis, secondary alcohol metabolism and drug transport were the most up-regulated biological processes during cold acclimation of Songpu mirror carp. Conversely, positive regulation of macroautophagy, intracellular protein transport, and organonitrogen compound catabolism were the most down-regulated biological processes during cold acclimation of Barbless carp. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that factors in the FoxO-related signaling pathways are mainly responsible for the development of differences in cold tolerance and acclimation between two carp species since altering the phosphorylation of key proteins in the FoxO-related signaling pathways with inhibitors or an activator significantly decreased the cold tolerance and acclimation of Songpu mirror carp. These data provided key clues for dissection of molecular mechanisms underlying the development of cold tolerance and acclimation in carps. Conclusions These findings indicate that larvae of two carp species possess different abilities of cold tolerance and can build cold acclimation under mild low temperature. Multiple biological processes and FoxO-related signaling pathways are closely associated with the development of differences in cold tolerance and acclimation between two carp species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Yong Long
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Lianyu Shi
- Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Ha'erbin, 150070, China
| | - Jing Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junjun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chitao Li
- Heilongjiang River Fishery Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Ha'erbin, 150070, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zongbin Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, China.
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16
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Allison LN, Jaffey JA, Bradley-Siemens N, Tao Z, Thompson M, Backus RC. Immune function and serum vitamin D in shelter dogs: A case-control study. Vet J 2020; 261:105477. [PMID: 32741494 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2020.105477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to establish a baseline understanding of immune function and its association with serum vitamin D in shelter dogs. Ten apparently healthy shelter dogs housed in the Arizona Humane Society for ≥7 days and 10 apparently healthy, age, breed, and sex-matched control dogs were included. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D), the major circulating vitamin D metabolite, was measured using high performance liquid chromatography. Whole blood samples were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic acid, or phosphate buffer solution, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-ɑ, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 were measured using a canine-specific multiplex bead-based assay. Phagocytosis of opsonized-Escherichia coli and E. coli-induced oxidative burst were evaluated with flow cytometry. Shelter dogs had decreased percentages of granulocytes and monocytes (GM) that had phagocytized opsonized-E coli (P = 0.019) and performed E. coli-induced oxidative burst (P = 0.011). There were no significant differences in TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, or 25(OH)D concentrations between shelter and control dogs. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations had a weak positive association with the intensity of GM E. coli-induced oxidative burst (r2 = 0.23, P = 0.03). There was a moderate inverse association between serum 25(OH)D concentration and LPS-stimulated TNF-ɑ production in shelter dogs (r2 = 0.40, P = 0.04). These results demonstrate immune dysregulation in vitro in shelter dogs housed for ≥7 days when compared to age, breed, and sex-matched control dogs. While serum 25(OH)D concentrations did not differ between shelter and control dogs, significant associations between 25(OH)D concentration and immune function parameters in vitro were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Allison
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Ave, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - J A Jaffey
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Ave, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.
| | - N Bradley-Siemens
- Department of Pathology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Ave, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Z Tao
- Department of Specialty Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Midwestern University, 19555 N 59th Ave, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - M Thompson
- Arizona Humane Society, 9226 N 13th Ave, Phoenix, AZ 85021, USA
| | - R C Backus
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Health Center, University of Missouri, 900 E Campus Dr, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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17
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Woo SJ, Chung JK. Effects of trichlorfon on oxidative stress, neurotoxicity, and cortisol levels in common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., at different temperatures. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 229:108698. [PMID: 31884009 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Trichlorfon (TCF) is an organophosphate compound used extensively as an anti-parasitic in aquaculture. In this study, we investigated the effects of TCF on the antioxidant defense system, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and stress responses in various tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). C.carpio L. were exposed to different concentrations of TCF (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4 mg L-1) at 25 and 15 °C for two weeks (measurements were taken after week 1 and 2). TCF exposure induced significant alterations in antioxidant responses in the gills and the liver. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) increased considerably after TCF exposure, depending on water temperature, whereas catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH) levels decreased notably after one and two weeks. Remarkable antioxidant responses were observed in the gills, suggesting the gills were more sensitive to oxidative stress than the liver based on CAT, GST, and GSH levels. Notable increases in MDA levels were observed in the gills and the liver. AChE activity was significantly inhibited in the brain and muscles even at the lowest TCF concentration of 0.5 mg L-1, indicating neurotoxicity following TCF exposure. As a stress indicator, plasma cortisol was significantly elevated following exposure to TCF depending on water temperature, thereby enhancing stress. These results suggest that TCF exposure can induce considerable alterations in antioxidant responses, neurotoxicity, and stress reaction depending on water temperature. The assayed enzymes are potential biomarkers of organophosphate contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Ji Woo
- Pathology Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joon Ki Chung
- Department of Aquatic Life Medicine, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Martorell Ribera J, Nipkow M, Viergutz T, Brunner RM, Bochert R, Koll R, Goldammer T, Gimsa U, Rebl A. Early response of salmonid head-kidney cells to stress hormones and toll-like receptor ligands. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 98:950-961. [PMID: 31770645 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The functional spectrum of the teleostean head kidney covers haematopoietic, immune and endocrine signalling pathways with physiological effects that are likely to conflict if activated at the same time. An in vivo experiment on the salmonid fish maraena whitefish (Coregonus maraena) revealed that the head kidney shows a remarkably strong response after injection of Aeromonas salmonicida within 48 h. In order to investigate the potential influence of endocrine signalling on the initiation of immune responses, we established a primary culture of head-kidney cells of maraena whitefish. For the characterisation of this model system, we used flow cytometry complemented with an extensive panel of immunological/haematological and stress-physiological/neuroendocrinological qPCR assays. More than one third of the cells expressed the characteristic signature of myeloid cells, while more than half of the cells expressed those genes typical for lymphocytes and monocytes. In parallel, we quantified the expression of genes encoding endocrine receptors and identified ADRA2D as by far the most highly expressed adrenergic-receptor gene in head-kidney cells. The stimulation of the head-kidney cells with toll-like receptor ligands induced the expression of typical immune genes (IL1B, CXCL8, TNF, SAA) after only 1 h. The incubation with the stress hormones cortisol, adrenaline and noradrenaline also had an immune-activating effect, though less pronounced. However, cortisol had the strongest suppressive effect on the stimulation-induced immune response, while adrenaline exerted a comparably weaker effect and noradrenaline was almost ineffective. Moreover, we found that cortisol reduced the expression of genes coding for adrenergic and some glucocorticoid receptors, while noradrenaline increased it. In conclusion, the primary head-kidney cells of maraena whitefish reflect the immunological and neuroendocrinological diversity of the entire organ. This in vitro system allowed thus identifying the correlative changes between the activities of hormones and immune factors in salmonid fish in order to contribute to a better understanding of the regulation circuit between stress and immune defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Martorell Ribera
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany; FBN, Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Psychophysiology Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Mareen Nipkow
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Torsten Viergutz
- FBN, Institute of Reproductive Biology, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ronald M Brunner
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ralf Bochert
- Research Station Aquaculture Born, Institute of Fisheries, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern Research Centre for Agriculture and Fisheries (LFA MV), Südstraße 8, 18375, Born/Darss, Germany
| | - Raphael Koll
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Tom Goldammer
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - Ulrike Gimsa
- FBN, Institute of Behavioural Physiology, Psychophysiology Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
| | - Alexander Rebl
- Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Institute of Genome Biology, Fish Genetics Unit, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, 18196, Dummerstorf, Germany.
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Abolfathi M, Akbarzadeh A, Hajimoradloo A, Joshaghani HR. Seasonal changes of hydrolytic enzyme activities in the skin mucus of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss at different body sizes. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:103499. [PMID: 31560872 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The innate immune factors in the skin mucus of fish are affected by the ecological and physiological conditions such as developmental stage and seasonal cycle. The aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal changes in soluble protein and the hydrolytic enzyme activities of the skin mucus of rainbow trout including lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and proteases at different body sizes. Skin mucus samples were collected over three consecutive season periods including winter, spring and late summer. In each season, sampling was performed separately from three different weight groups including 2-20 g (W1), 100-200 g (W2) and 400-600 g (W3) fish. Our results showed a significant increase of soluble protein in all three weight groups from winter to spring when water temperature elevated from 9 °C to 14 °C. Moreover lysozyme activity was remarkably elevated in W1 fish from winter to late summer. In all three seasons, the activity of lysozyme was significantly decreased along with increasing the fish size. Contrary to lysozyme, the activity of proteases and ALP showed a decreasing trend from winter to late summer. A significant positive correlation was found between the proteases and ALP activity, proposing that both proteases and ALP might have important synergic roles in the mucosal innate immune function of rainbow trout. Moreover, using reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) analysis of some proteases genes including cathepsin-L and cathepsin-D, we demonstrated that the proteases are transcribed and likely synthesized in epidermal mucus cells of rainbow trout. The present study confirmed seasonal changes of hydrolytic enzyme activities in the skin mucus of rainbow trout across all three weight groups, with the highest variation in juvenile fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Abolfathi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Arash Akbarzadeh
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
| | - Abdolmajid Hajimoradloo
- Department of Fisheries, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Joshaghani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Golestan University of Medical Sciences School of Paramedicine, Gorgan, Iran
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20
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Shen HX, Lu XJ, Lu JF, Chen J. Beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation influences the function of monocytes/macrophages in ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 103:103513. [PMID: 31585194 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Adrenergic receptors (ARs) are members of the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily that can be categorized into αARs and βARs. The specific function of ARs in teleost monocytes/macrophages (MO/MФ) remains unknown. We determined the cDNA sequence of ARs from ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis; PaαAR and PaβAR). Sequence comparisons showed that PaαAR was most closely related to the αAR of the Japanese flounder and Nile tilapia, while PaβAR was most closely related to the βAR of Atlantic salmon. The AR transcripts were mainly expressed in the spleen, and their expression was altered in various tissues upon infection with Vibrio anguillarum. PaαAR and PaβAR proteins were upregulated in MO/MФ after infection, and PaβAR knockdown resulted in a pro-inflammatory status in ayu MO/MФ upon V. anguillarum infection and lowered the phagocytic activity of MO/MФ. Our results indicate that PaβAR plays the role of an anti-inflammatory mediator in the immune response of ayu against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xia Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xin-Jiang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Jian-Fei Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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21
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Filipe JF, Herrera V, Curone G, Vigo D, Riva F. Floods, Hurricanes, and Other Catastrophes: A Challenge for the Immune System of Livestock and Other Animals. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:16. [PMID: 32083100 PMCID: PMC7004950 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate change involves different dramatic phenomena including desertification and wildfires, severe storms such as hurricanes and blizzards, increased sea levels resulting in flooding coastal cities and rise of atmospheric CO2 concentration. The alteration of the climate in a specific region affects the life of indigenous animals and humans. The climate changes influence living beings both directly and indirectly. The immune system of animals dramatically suffers the climate instability, making animals more susceptible to infectious and not infectious diseases. Different species of livestock animals respond with similar mechanisms to global warming, but some of them are more susceptible depending on their age, metabolism, and genetic conditions. The selection and study of autochthonous species and breeds, more easily adapted to specific environmental conditions could be an interesting strategy to face livestock rearing in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel F Filipe
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Herrera
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Curone
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Vigo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Riva
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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22
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Velmurugan BK, Chan CR, Weng CF. Innate-immune responses of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) exposure to acute cold stress. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16125-16135. [PMID: 30741420 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In this present study, Oreochromis mossambicus tilapia were transferred to cold water at 12°C for various time intervals (1, 4, 8, 24, and 48 hr) and its innate immune response was analyzed by studying cellular and humoral parameters. In vivo, alternative complement pathway activity in blood plasma was rapidly increased at 1 hr of cold water (12°C) exposure. Lysozyme activity and cortisol levels of plasma were increased at 4 and 1 hr, respectively. Surprisingly, only plasma cortisol levels remained unchanged through 24 hr of cold water transfer. Phagocytic ability, phagocytic capacity, and respiratory burst (RB) activity of head kidney (HK) leukocytes and splenocytes showed no any significant changes. In peripheral blood leukocytes, phagocytic capacity, and RB activity were increased at 24 hr of cold water exposure. The expressions of genes involved innate immunity in splenocytes and HK leukocytes of tilapia cold water exposure were analyzed, messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of HSP70, HSP90, and immunoglobulin M failed to change upon exposure to cold stress. Major histocompatibility complex-I and II mRNAs were significantly increased in tilapia splenocytes at 1 hr of cold water transferred. Whereas myxovirus (Mx) expression was increased in splenocytes and HK leukocytes of tilapia after 1 hr of cold water exposed. Our result reveals that the exposure of tilapia to acute cold stress condition significantly enhances plasma acid phosphatase activity and both phagocytic capacity and RB activity. Furthermore, cold stress significantly stimulates Mx gene expression in splenocytes and HK leukocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Kumar Velmurugan
- Toxicology and Biomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Chi-Ru Chan
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
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23
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Zhou T, Gui L, Liu M, Li W, Hu P, Duarte DFC, Niu H, Chen L. Transcriptomic responses to low temperature stress in the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:1145-1156. [PMID: 30408600 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, is a species of high economic value and extensively cultured. The limited stress tolerance of this species to a low temperature usually leads to mass mortality and great loss. Nevertheless, there is limited information on the molecular mechanisms underlying the susceptibility to low temperature in the tilapia. In this study, tilapia was treated at 28 °C to a lethal temperature of 8 °C by a gradual decrement. Transcriptomic response of the immune organ, kidney, in tilapia was characterized using RNA-seq. In total, 2191 genes were annotated for significant expression, which were mainly associated with metabolism and immunity. Pathway analysis showed that immune-related pathways of phagosome and cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) pathway were significantly down-regulated under low temperature. Moreover, ferroptosis, a significantly changed pathway involved in tissue damage and acute renal failure, is reported here for the first time. The levels of serum parameters associated with kidney damage such as urea and uric acid (UA) increased significantly under low temperature. The immunofluorescence staining of the kidney showed that cell apoptosis occurred at low temperature. The results of the present study indicate that exposure to low temperature can cause kidney disfunction and down-regulate the immune-related pathway in the kidney of tilapia. This study provides new insight into the mechanism of kidney damage in fish under low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhou
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lang Gui
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingli Liu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Hu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daniel F C Duarte
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Hongbo Niu
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangbiao Chen
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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24
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de Bruijn R, Romero LM. The role of glucocorticoids in the vertebrate response to weather. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018; 269:11-32. [PMID: 30012539 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the environment related to inclement weather can threaten survival and reproductive success both through direct adverse exposure and indirectly by decreasing food availability. Glucocorticoids, released during activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as part of the stress response, are an important candidate for linking vertebrate coping mechanisms to weather. This review attempts to determine if there is a consensus response of glucocorticoids to exposure to weather-related stimuli, including food availability, precipitation, temperature and barometric pressure. The included studies cover field and laboratory studies for all vertebrate taxa, and are separated into four exposure periods, e.g., hours, days, weeks and months. Each reported result was assigned a score based on the glucocorticoid response, e.g., increased, no change, or decreased. Short-term exposure to weather-related stimuli, of up to 24 h, is generally associated with increased glucocorticoids (79% of studies), suggesting that these stimuli are perceived as stressors by most animals. In contrast, the pattern for exposures longer than 24 h shows more variation, even though a majority of studies still report an increase (64%). Lack of glucocorticoid increases appeared to result from instances where: (1) prolonged exposure was a predictable part of the life history of an animal; (2) environmental context was important for the ultimate effect of a stimulus (e.g., precipitation limited food availability in one environment, but increased food in another); (3) prolonged exposure induced chronic stress; and (4) long-term responses appeared to reflect adaptations to seasonal shifts, instead of to short-term weather. However, there is a strong bias towards studies in domesticated laboratory species and wild animals held in captivity, indicating a need for field studies, especially in reptiles and amphibians. In conclusion, the accumulated literature supports the hypothesis that glucocorticoids can serve as the physiological mechanism promoting fitness during inclement weather.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert de Bruijn
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
| | - L Michael Romero
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
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25
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Ferguson LV, Kortet R, Sinclair BJ. Eco-immunology in the cold: the role of immunity in shaping the overwintering survival of ectotherms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:221/13/jeb163873. [PMID: 29967267 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.163873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The effect of temperature on physiology mediates many of the challenges that ectotherms face under climate change. Ectotherm immunity is thermally sensitive and, as such, environmental change is likely to have complex effects on survival, disease resistance and transmission. The effects of temperature on immunity will be particularly profound in winter because cold and overwintering are important triggers and regulators of ectotherm immune activity. Low temperatures can both suppress and activate immune responses independent of parasites, which suggests that temperature not only affects the rate of immune responses but also provides information that allows overwintering ectotherms to balance investment in immunity and other physiological processes that underlie winter survival. Changing winter temperatures are now shifting ectotherm immunity, as well as the demand for energy conservation and protection against parasites. Whether an ectotherm can survive the winter will thus depend on whether new immune phenotypes will shift to match the conditions of the new environment, or leave ectotherms vulnerable to infection or energy depletion. Here, we synthesise patterns of overwintering immunity in ectotherms and examine how new winter conditions might affect ectotherm immunity. We then explore whether it is possible to predict the effects of changing winter conditions on ectotherm vulnerability to the direct and indirect effects of parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura V Ferguson
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada B4P 2R6
| | - Raine Kortet
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Brent J Sinclair
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7
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26
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Dietrich MA, Hliwa P, Adamek M, Steinhagen D, Karol H, Ciereszko A. Acclimation to cold and warm temperatures is associated with differential expression of male carp blood proteins involved in acute phase and stress responses, and lipid metabolism. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 76:305-315. [PMID: 29544770 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The environmental temperature affects plasma biochemical indicators, antioxidant status and hematological and immunological parameters in fish. So far, only single blood proteins have been identified in response to temperature changes. The aim of this study was to compare the proteome of carp blood plasma from males acclimated to warm (30 °C) and cold (10 °C) temperatures by two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis followed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. A total of 47 spots were found to be differentially regulated by temperature (>1.2-fold change, p < 0.05): 25 protein spots were more abundant in warm-acclimated males and 22 were enriched in cold-acclimated males. The majority of differentially regulated proteins were associated with acute phase response signalling involved in: i) activation of the complement system (complement C3-H1), ii) neutralization of proteolytic enzymes (inter-alpha inhibitor H3, fetuin, serpinA1, antithrombin, alpha2-macroglobulin), iii) scavenging of free hemoglobin and radicals (haptoglobin, Wap65 kDa), iv) clot-formation (fibrinogen beta and alpha chain, T-kininogen) and v) the host's immune response modulation (ApoA1 and ApoA2). However, quite different sets of these proteins or proteoforms were involved in response to cold and warm temperatures. In addition, cold acclimation seems to be related to the proteins involved in lipid metabolism (apolipoproteins A and 14 kDa) and stress response (corticosteroid binding globulin). We discovered a strongly regulated protein Cap31 upon cold acclimation, which can serve as a potential blood biomarker of cold response in carp. These studies significantly extend our knowledge concerning mechanisms underlying thermal adaptation in poikilotherms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariola A Dietrich
- Department of Gametes and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Piotr Hliwa
- Department of Ichthyology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Adamek
- University of Veterinary Medicine in Hanover, Fish Disease Research Unit, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhagen
- University of Veterinary Medicine in Hanover, Fish Disease Research Unit, Germany
| | - Halina Karol
- Department of Gametes and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Andrzej Ciereszko
- Department of Gametes and Embryo Biology, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland
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27
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Chang CH, Huang JJ, Yeh CY, Tang CH, Hwang LY, Lee TH. Salinity Effects on Strategies of Glycogen Utilization in Livers of Euryhaline Milkfish ( Chanos chanos) under Hypothermal Stress. Front Physiol 2018; 9:81. [PMID: 29483878 PMCID: PMC5816346 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The fluctuation of temperature affects many physiological responses in ectothermic organisms, including feed intake, growth, reproduction, and behavior. Changes in environmental temperatures affect the acquisition of energy, whereas hepatic glycogen plays a central role in energy supply for the homeostasis of the entire body. Glycogen phosphorylase (GP), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in glycogenolysis, is also an indicator of environmental stress. Here, we examined the effects of salinity on glycogen metabolism in milkfish livers under cold stress. A reduction of feed intake was observed in both freshwater (FW) and seawater (SW) milkfish under cold adaptation. At normal temperature (28°C), compared to the FW milkfish, the SW milkfish exhibited greater mRNA abundance of the liver isoform of GP (Ccpygl), higher GP activity, and less glycogen content in the livers. Upon hypothermal (18°C) stress, hepatic Ccpygl mRNA expression of FW milkfish surged at 3 h, declined at 6 and 12 h, increased again at 24 h, and increased significantly after 96 h. Increases in GP protein, GP activity, and the phosphorylation state and the breakdown of glycogen were also found in FW milkfish livers after 12 h of exposure at 18°C. Conversely, the Ccpygl transcript levels in SW milkfish were downregulated after 1 h of exposure at 18°C, whereas the protein abundance of GP, GP activity, and glycogen content were not significantly altered. Taken together, under 18°C cold stress, FW milkfish exhibited an acute response with the breakdown of hepatic glycogen for maintaining energy homeostasis of the entire body, whereas no change was observed in the hepatic glycogen content and GP activity of SW milkfish because of their greater tolerance to cold conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Chang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Jun Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Yeh
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hao Tang
- Department of Oceanography, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Yueh Hwang
- Mariculture Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Yulin, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Agricultural Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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28
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Bao JW, Qiang J, Tao YF, Li HX, He J, Xu P, Chen DJ. Responses of blood biochemistry, fatty acid composition and expression of microRNAs to heat stress in genetically improved farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). J Therm Biol 2018; 73:91-97. [PMID: 29549996 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of heat stress on genetically improved farmed tilapia, focusing on metabolic and immune responses. Differences in blood parameters, serum biochemistry, muscle fatty acid composition, and microRNA (miRNA) expression were analyzed in fish under heat stress. Fish were exposed to heat stress at 35 °C and sampled at 0, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after exposure and compared with a control group maintained at 28 °C. The results showed that red and white blood cell counts, hemoglobin levels, and hematocrit values tended to increase (P < 0.05) and reached their maximum levels after 24 h, then declined. Acute heat stress enhanced serum glucose, total protein, and total cholesterol levels, and muscle fatty acid components were also altered. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity was significantly increased after heat stress for 6 and 12 h. Polyunsaturated fatty acids levels were increased after heat stress for 12 and 24 h, whereas levels of monounsaturated fatty acids decreased in response to heat stress. Expression of hepatic miR-1 and miR-122 was significantly upregulated, and expression of miR-10c was significantly increased (P < 0.05) only after heat stress for 48 h. Acute heat stress altered metabolism closely related to the immune system and the liver of tilapia. These findings contribute to a theoretical framework for tilapia breeding at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Wen Bao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jun Qiang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yi-Fan Tao
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Hong-Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jie He
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - De-Ju Chen
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China
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Hernández-Arciga U, Herrera M. LG, Ibáñez-Contreras A, Miranda-Labra RU, Flores-Martínez JJ, Königsberg M. Baseline and post-stress seasonal changes in immunocompetence and redox state maintenance in the fishing bat Myotis vivesi. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0190047. [PMID: 29293551 PMCID: PMC5749750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known of how the stress response varies when animals confront seasonal life-history processes. Antioxidant defenses and damage caused by oxidative stress and their link with immunocompetence are powerful biomarkers to assess animal´s physiological stress response. The aim of this study was A) to determine redox state and variation in basal (pre-acute stress) immune function during summer, autumn and winter (spring was not assessed due to restrictions in collecting permit) in the fish-eating Myotis (Myotis vivesi; Chiroptera), and B) to determine the effect of acute stress on immunocompetence and redox state during each season. Acute stress was stimulated by restricting animal movement for 6 and 12 h. The magnitude of the cellular immune response was higher during winter whilst that of the humoral response was at its highest during summer. Humoral response increased after 6 h of movement restriction stress and returned to baseline levels after 12 h. Basal redox state was maintained throughout the year, with no significant changes in protein damage, and antioxidant activity was modulated mainly in relation to variation to environment cues, increasing during high temperatures and decreasing during windy nights. Antioxidant activity increased after the 6 h of stressful stimuli especially during summer and autumn, and to a lesser extent in early winter, but redox state did not vary. However, protein damage increased after 12 h of stress during summer. Prolonged stress when the bat is engaged in activities of high energy demand overcame its capacity to maintain homeostasis resulting in oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulalume Hernández-Arciga
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Unidad Iztapalapa, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México, México
| | - L. Gerardo Herrera M.
- Estación de Biología Chamela, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, San Patricio, Jalisco, México
| | - Alejandra Ibáñez-Contreras
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología, Applied Research in Experimental Biomedicine S.A. de C.V. (APREXBIO), Ciudad de México, México
- Unidad de Experimentación Animal, Biología Integral para Vertebrados (BIOINVERT®), Estado de México, México
| | - Roxana U. Miranda-Labra
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Celular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Unidad Iztapalapa, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México, México
| | - José Juan Flores-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Sistemas de Información Geográfica, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mina Königsberg
- Laboratorio de Bioenergética y Envejecimiento Celular, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Unidad Iztapalapa, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Ciudad de México, México
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Soyano K, Mushirobira Y. The Mechanism of Low-Temperature Tolerance in Fish. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1081:149-164. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1244-1_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abram QH, Dixon B, Katzenback BA. Impacts of Low Temperature on the Teleost Immune System. BIOLOGY 2017; 6:E39. [PMID: 29165340 PMCID: PMC5745444 DOI: 10.3390/biology6040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As poikilothermic vertebrates, fish can experience changes in water temperature, and hence body temperature, as a result of seasonal changes, migration, or efflux of large quantities of effluent into a body of water. Temperature shifts outside of the optimal temperature range for an individual fish species can have negative impacts on the physiology of the animal, including the immune system. As a result, acute or chronic exposure to suboptimal temperatures can impair an organisms' ability to defend against pathogens and thus compromise the overall health of the animal. This review focuses on the advances made towards understanding the impacts of suboptimal temperature on the soluble and cellular mediators of the innate and adaptive immune systems of fishes. Although cold stress can result in varying effects in different fish species, acute and chronic suboptimal temperature exposure generally yield suppressive effects, particularly on adaptive immunity. Knowledge of the effects of environmental temperature on fish species is critical for both the optimal management of wild species and the best management practices for aquaculture species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn H Abram
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Brian Dixon
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Barbara A Katzenback
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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Guan WL, Zhao MM, Liu TT, Fan X, Chen DW. Cooling combined with hyperoxic CO 2 anesthesia is effective in improving the air exposure duration of tilapia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14016. [PMID: 29070855 PMCID: PMC5656637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14212-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Tilapia were subjected to cooling (CO, a stepwise reduction in temperature from 30 °C to 15 °C), anesthesia (AN, anesthetized by hyperoxic carbon dioxide), air exposure (AE, exposed to air) and cold tolerance (CT, in 15 °C water) treatments, and the physiological responses were determined after the treatments. CO followed by AN treatment for tilapia could meet the criteria of an ideal anesthetic. Fish were deeply sedated within 69 s, completely anesthetized within 276 s and recovered within 308 s without any mortality. The stress responses induced by the CO&AN treatment were mild, whereas they were consistently increased in the AE treatment. Furthermore, the AE treatment caused tissue damage. The AE duration was significantly improved by CO&AN treatment, and the survival time of the CO&AE, AN&AE and CO&AN&AE treatments were 313 min, 351 min and 561 min, respectively, in the laboratory experiments, whereas the survival rate of the CO&AN&AE treatment group after 240-min air exposure was 95.2% in the pilot test. It appeared that cooling followed by hyperoxic CO2 anesthesia would be suitable for handling tilapia in a short-time air exposure procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Liang Guan
- Department of Food Science, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Mou-Ming Zhao
- Department of Food Science, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Tian-Tian Liu
- Department of Food Science, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Department of Food Science, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - De-Wei Chen
- Department of Food Science, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China.
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33
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Khansari AR, Parra D, Reyes-López FE, Tort L. Cytokine modulation by stress hormones and antagonist specific hormonal inhibition in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) head kidney primary cell culture. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017. [PMID: 28634082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A tight interaction between endocrine and immune systems takes place mainly due to the key role of head kidney in both hormone and cytokine secretion, particularly under stress situations in which the physiological response promotes the synthesis and release of stress hormones which may lead into immunomodulation as side effect. Although such interaction has been previously investigated, this study evaluated for the first time the effect of stress-associated hormones together with their receptor antagonists on the expression of cytokine genes in head kidney primary cell culture (HKPCC) of the freshwater rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and the seawater gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata). The results showed a striking difference when comparing the response obtained in trout and seabream. Cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) decreased the expression of immune-related genes in sea bream but not in rainbow trout and this cortisol effect was reverted by the antagonist mifepristone but not spironolactone. On the other hand, while adrenaline reduced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) in rainbow trout, the opposite effect was observed in sea bream showing an increased expression (IL-1β, IL-6). Interestingly, this effect was reverted by antagonist propranolol but not phentolamine. Overall, our results confirm the regional interaction between endocrine and cytokine messengers and a clear difference in the sensitivity to the hormonal stimuli between the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Khansari
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - David Parra
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Felipe E Reyes-López
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Lluís Tort
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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Social organization and endocrine profiles of Australoheros facetus, an exotic freshwater fish in southern Portugal. Acta Ethol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10211-017-0271-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Lee PP, Lin YH, Chen MC, Cheng W. Dietary administration of sodium alginate ameliorated stress and promoted immune resistance of grouper Epinephelus coioides under cold stress. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 65:127-135. [PMID: 28416423 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Grouper, Epinephelus coioides, fed a diet containing sodium alginate at 0 (control, named C) and 1.0 g kg-1 (named S) at a temperature of 28 °C for 12 days, were then further individually transferred to 28 (two groups named C-28 and S-28) or 20 °C (two groups named C-20 and S-20), and immune parameters and stress indexes were measured at the beginning and after 6, 12, 24 and 48 h of exposure. Examination of immune parameters revealed that the alternative complement activity (ACH50), lysozyme activity, phagocytic activity, superoxide dismutase, and respiratory bursts significantly increased in groupers fed the sodium alginate-containing diet for 12 days, and were higher in the S-28 than those of the C-28 and S-20 groups, which were higher than those of the C-20 group from 6 to 48 h except for ACH50 at 48 h, respiratory bursts at 48 h, and lysozymes at 6 h. For the assessment of stress indicators, cortisol, glucose, and lactate levels of serum significantly decreased in grouper fed the sodium alginate-containing diet for 12 days, and were higher in the C-20 group than those of the C-28 and S-20 groups, which were higher than those of the S-20 group at 6-48 h. In another experiment, grouper fed the test diet for 12 days at a temperature of 28 °C were challenged with Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida at a dose of 5 × 103 colony-forming units (cfu) (g fish)-1, and then individually transferred to 28 or 20 °C. The survival rate of challenged fish of the C-28 group was significantly lower than those of challenged fish of the C-20 and S-28 groups, which were significantly lower than that of challenged fish of the S-20 group. All challenged fish of the S-20 group survived. Survival rates over 144 h were 30.0%, 70.0%, and 56.7% for the C-28, C-20, and S-28 groups, respectively. Our results indicated that dietary sodium alginate administration downregulated stress response indicators, enhanced immune responses, and prevented impacts of physiologic stress responses, immunosuppression, and susceptibility to P. damselae subsp. piscicida in grouper subjected to cold stress. Grouper cultured at 28 °C were more susceptible to P. damselae subsp. piscicida infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pai-Po Lee
- Department of Tropical Agriculture and International Cooperation, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Hung Lin
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Min-Chieh Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Winton Cheng
- Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
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Verburg-van Kemenade BML, Cohen N, Chadzinska M. Neuroendocrine-immune interaction: Evolutionarily conserved mechanisms that maintain allostasis in an ever-changing environment. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 66:2-23. [PMID: 27296493 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2016.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
It has now become accepted that the immune system and neuroendocrine system form an integrated part of our physiology. Immunological defense mechanisms act in concert with physiological processes like growth and reproduction, energy intake and metabolism, as well as neuronal development. Not only are psychological and environmental stressors communicated to the immune system, but also, vice versa, the immune response and adaptation to a current pathogen challenge are communicated to the entire body, including the brain, to evoke adaptive responses (e.g., fever, sickness behavior) that ensure allocation of energy to fight the pathogen. This phenomenon is evolutionarily conserved. Hence it is both interesting and important to consider the evolutionary history of this bi-directional neuroendocrine-immune communication to reveal phylogenetically ancient or relatively recently acquired mechanisms. Indeed, such considerations have already disclosed an extensive "common vocabulary" of information pathways as well as molecules and their receptors used by both the neuroendocrine and immune systems. This review focuses on the principal mechanisms of bi-directional communication and the evidence for evolutionary conservation of the important physiological pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Lidy Verburg-van Kemenade
- Cell Biology and Immunology Group, Dept. of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Nicholas Cohen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14620, USA
| | - Magdalena Chadzinska
- Department of Evolutionary Immunology, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, PL30-387 Krakow, Poland
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Hung IC, Hsiao YC, Sun HS, Chen TM, Lee SJ. MicroRNAs regulate gene plasticity during cold shock in zebrafish larvae. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:922. [PMID: 27846817 PMCID: PMC5111229 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3239-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators responding to acute environmental stresses in both plants and animals. By modulating gene expression, miRNAs either restore or reconstitute a new expression program to enhance cell tolerance to stresses. Cold shock is one of the stresses that can induce acute physiological responses and transcriptional changes in aquatic creatures. Previous genomic studies have revealed many cold-affected genes in fish larvae and adults, however, the role of miRNAs in acute cold response is still ambiguous. To elucidate the regulatory roles of miRNAs in the cold-inducible responses, we performed small RNA-seq and RNA-seq analyses and found potential cold regulatory miRNAs and genes. We further investigated their interactions and involvements in cold tolerance. Results Small RNA-seq and RNA-seq identified 29 up-/26 down-regulated miRNAs and 908 up-/468 down-regulated genes, respectively, in responding to cold shock for 4 h at 18 °C. miRNA and transcriptomic analyses showed these miRNAs and mRNAs are involved in similar biological processes and pathways. Gene ontology enrichment analyses revealed the cold-induced genes were enriched in pathways, including melanogenesis, GnRH pathway, circadian rhythm, etc. We were particularly interested in the changes in circadian clock genes that affect daily metabolism. The enrichment of circadian clock genes was also observed in previous fish cold acclimation studies, but have not been characterized. To characterize the functional roles of circadian clock genes in cold tolerance, we individually overexpressed selected clock genes in zebrafish larvae and found one of the core clock genes per2 resulted in better recovery from cold shock. In addition, we validated the interaction of per2 with its associate miRNA, dre-mir-29b, which is also cold-inducible. It suggests the transcription of per2 can be modulated by miRNA upon cold shock. Conclusions Collectively, our observations suggest that miRNAs are fine turners for regulating genomic plasticity against cold shock. We further showed that the fine tuning of core clock gene per2 via its associated miRNA, dre-mir-29b, can enhance the cold tolerance of zebrafish larvae. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-3239-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Chen Hung
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Hsiao
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - H Sunny Sun
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70456, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ming Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung Marine University, Kaohsiung 81157, Taiwan.
| | - Shyh-Jye Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. .,Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. .,Center for Systems Biology, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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Lynn SE, Kern MD. Ecologically Relevant Cooling Early in Life Alters Prefledging Adrenocortical Response in Free-Living Songbirds. Physiol Biochem Zool 2016; 90:118-123. [PMID: 28051939 DOI: 10.1086/688382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrates, exposure to stressful stimuli early in development may alter the activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, with the potential for fitness consequences later in life. For altricial species, whose young rely on their parents for food, warmth, and protection from predators, adult behavior can modify the impact of some stressors on their offspring after birth or hatching. We have shown that single bouts of cooling that normally occur when brooding females leave the nest elevate corticosterone secretion in very young free-living eastern bluebird (Sialia sialis) chicks. Thus, natural variation in maternal brooding patterns can result in differential exposure of offspring to cooling, and also to glucocorticoids, very early in development. We tested the hypothesis that exposure to repeated bouts of cooling (mimicking those that occur normally when females leave the nest) would alter the activity of the chicks' HPA axis later in life. We exposed free-living chicks to either four 18-min bouts of cooling or brooding temperatures (control) during the first week after hatching. Then, just before fledging (i.e., at least 7 d after the cooling treatments had ceased), we assessed their corticosterone responses to restraint. Repeatedly cooled chicks had a significantly lower corticosterone response to restraint than did control chicks but did not differ from controls in other measures of growth and development. Our data suggest that natural variation in maternal brooding patterns, and hence natural variation in the chicks' body temperature, can alter the activity of the HPA axis well beyond the brooding period.
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Makrinos DL, Bowden TJ. Natural environmental impacts on teleost immune function. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 53:50-57. [PMID: 26973022 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The environment in which teleosts exist can experience considerable change. Short-term changes can occur in relation to tidal movements or adverse weather events. Long-term changes can be caused by anthropogenic impacts such as climate change, which can result in changes to temperature, acidity, salinity and oxygen capacity of aquatic environments. These changes can have important impacts on the physiology of an animal, including its immune system. This can have consequences on the well-being of the animal and its ability to protect against pathogens. This review will look at recent investigations of these types of environmental change on the immune response in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy J Bowden
- School of Food & Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
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Nannoni E, Valsami T, Sardi L, Martelli G. Tail Docking in Pigs: A Review on its Short- And Long-Term Consequences and Effectiveness in Preventing Tail Biting. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2014.3095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yarahmadi P, Miandare HK, Fayaz S, Caipang CMA. Increased stocking density causes changes in expression of selected stress- and immune-related genes, humoral innate immune parameters and stress responses of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 48:43-53. [PMID: 26549176 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of various stocking densities on the health status (stress and immune responses) of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss). Juvenile rainbow trout were acclimated, placed in circular tanks under stocking densities of 10, 40 and 80 kg m(-3) and reared for 30 days. The relative expression of genes involved in stress and immunity such as HSP70, LyzII, TNF-1α, IL-1β, IL-8 and IFN-γ1 in the head kidney was determined. Serum cortisol, ACTH, total antioxidant capacity, osmolality and lactate were measured after 30 days of culture at different stocking densities (D1:10 kg m(-3), D2: 40 kg m(-3) and D3: 80 kg m(-3)) as indices of stress responses. In addition, the effects of stocking densities on serum complement, bactericidal activity, agglutinating antibody titers, serum IgM, anti-protease activity, serum total protein and alkaline phosphatase of the fish were measured. HSP70 gene expression was significantly density-dependent upregulated in D2 and D3 densities compared to D1 (P < 0.05). Also, there was significant downregulation in expression of LyzII, TNF-1α, IL-1β, IL-8 and IFN-γ1 in fish reared at density of either D2 or D3 (P < 0.05). In terms of stress responses, serum ACTH, cortisol and lactate level showed significant density-dependent increase (P < 0.05) while serum osmolality and total antioxidant capacity showed significant decline (P < 0.05) in fish reared at higher densities (D2 and D3) compared to fish reared at lower density (D1) (P < 0.05). Concordant with the expression of the immune-related genes, the serum complement and bactericidal activity as well as specific antibody titer against Aeromonas hydrophila, IgM and anti-protease activity decreased along with elevation of stocking density from D1 to D3 (P < 0.05). However, different stocking densities had no significant effect on serum total protein level and alkaline phosphatase activity. These results suggested that elevation of stocking densities and crowding resulted in the increase in HSP70 gene expression and the levels of selected stress responses in the serum. However, there was down-regulation of immune genes expression and decreased innate immune responses in the fish. The mRNA expression of the genes and immune parameters that were measured in this study could be helpful in monitoring the health status and welfare of the fish in aquaculture systems particularly in relation to increased stocking densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Yarahmadi
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamed Kolangi Miandare
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Sahel Fayaz
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Miao LH, Xie J, Ge XP, Wang KB, Zhu J, Liu B, Ren MC, Zhou QL, Pan LK. Chronic stress effects of high doses of vitamin D3 on Megalobrama amblycephala. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 47:205-213. [PMID: 26362210 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Dietary vitamin D3 plays an important role in the growth of aquatic animals, but long-term excessive feeding has potential hazards. In this study, Megalobrama amblycephala specimens were fed different experimental diets with 2000 IU/kg or 200,000 IU/kg of vitamin D3 for 90 days, in order to evaluate chronic stress effects of high doses of vitamin D3 on growth, immunity, and structural damage to enterohepatic tissues. The results showed that high doses of vitamin D3 did not have a significant influence on the growth performance of M. amblycephala (P > 0.05), but it significantly reduced the survival rate after infection by Aeromonas hydrophila (P < 0.05). Serum albumin, alkaline phosphatase, and insulin levels, as well as hepatic total antioxidant capacity, were also significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Serum cortisol levels and hepatic heat stress protein 70 expression in M. amblycephala showed that high doses of vitamin D3 significantly inhibit the anti-stress ability of M. amblycephala (P < 0.05). Paraffin tissue sections and electron microscopy showed that high doses of vitamin D3 could cause different degrees of structural damage to enterohepatic tissues of M. amblycephala. Our results indicate that, although M. amblycephala can tolerate high doses of dietary vitamin D3 over a long period, its glycolipid metabolism, immune function, anti-stress function, and resistance to pathogenic infections are adversely affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Hong Miao
- Fishery College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jiangsu, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Fishery College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jiangsu, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Xian-Ping Ge
- Fishery College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jiangsu, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Ke-Bao Wang
- Fishery College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Fishery College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jiangsu, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Fishery College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jiangsu, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Ming-Chun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jiangsu, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Qun-Lan Zhou
- Fishery College, Nanjing Agriculture University, Wuxi 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jiangsu, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Liang-Kun Pan
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Breeding and Aquaculture Biology of Freshwater Fishes, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Jiangsu, Wuxi 214081, China
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Nakayama H, Tanaka K, Teramura N, Hattori S. Expression of collagenase in Flavobacterium psychrophilum isolated from cold-water disease-affected ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis). Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2015; 80:135-44. [PMID: 26327168 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1079477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The collagenase activity and the fpcol gene were examined in Flavobacterium psychrophilum isolates from cold-water disease (CWD)-affected ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis. Collagenase expression was closely related to the accumulated mortality of CWD-affected ayu. RT-qPCR and bacterial challenge experiments showed that F. psychrophilum ayu isolate WA-1 expressed the fpcol gene more actively and was more virulent than ayu isolate WA-2. The amago (Oncorhynchus masou) isolate WB-1, which possesses a pseudo-fpcol gene, was not harmful to ayu. Hitherto, the well-studied metalloproteases Fpp1 and Fpp2 have been considered virulence factors. However, the most virulent isolate against ayu (WA-1) showed no Fpp activity because of a deletion mutation or an insertion of a transposon in the fpp genes. The less virulent WA-2 isolate showed only Fpp1 activity. Taken together, these results suggest that collagenolytic activity, but not Fpp activity, is related to the virulence of F. psychrophilum isolates in CWD-affected ayu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Nakayama
- a Department of Freshwater Fisheries , Wakayama Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station , Wakayama , Japan
| | - Keisuke Tanaka
- b Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix , Toride , Japan
| | - Naoko Teramura
- b Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix , Toride , Japan
| | - Shunji Hattori
- b Nippi Research Institute of Biomatrix , Toride , Japan.,c Japan Institute of Leather Research , Tokyo , Japan
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He J, Qiang J, Yang H, Xu P, Zhu ZX, Yang RQ. Changes in the fatty acid composition and regulation of antioxidant enzymes and physiology of juvenile genetically improved farmed tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.), subjected to short-term low temperature stress. J Therm Biol 2015; 53:90-7. [PMID: 26590460 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of cold shock on the fatty acid composition, antioxidant enzymes, and physiological responses of genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT). Experimental GIFT tilapia, a warm-water teleost, were initially acclimated at 28°C and then transferred directly to 13°C. Stress responses were monitored for 120h. There was a significant change in all parameters in response to the cold stressor (P<0.05). Serum cortisol levels increased from 336.93ng/ml to a peak of 1165.31ng/ml 24h after the initial cold shock, and declined rapidly thereafter. Serum glucose and cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the low temperature group than the control group at 120h (P<0.05). Acute low temperature stress enhanced superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione levels in the liver of GIFT tilapia. The GIFT tilapia were able to selectively metabolize fatty acids for energy needs during the early period of exposure to low-temperature stress. During this time, they primarily used saturated fatty acids for energy. However as the duration of the stressor and loss of muscle fat increased, the fish began to metabolize long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. Increased malondialdehyde was produced by oxidation of these fatty acids leading to oxidative damage. Our results provide insight into the changes in fatty acid metabolism physiology that allow GIFT tilapia juveniles to adapt to short-term cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- J He
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China
| | - J Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China
| | - H Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China
| | - P Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China.
| | - Z X Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China
| | - R Q Yang
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214081, China
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45
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Yang C, Jiang M, Wen H, Tian J, Liu W, Wu F, Gou G. Analysis of differential gene expression under low-temperature stress in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) using digital gene expression. Gene 2015; 564:134-40. [PMID: 25617524 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) do not survive well at low temperatures. Therefore, improvement of the low-temperature resistance has become an important issue for aquaculture development of tilapia. The objective of this study was to construct a digital gene expression tag profile to identify genes potentially related to low temperature in tilapia. In this study, tilapia was treated at 30°C to lethal temperature 10°C in decrement of 1°CD(-1). Digital gene expression analysis was performed using the Illumina technique to investigate differentially expressed genes in tilapia cultured at different temperatures (30°C, 26°C, 20°C, 16°C, and 10°C). A total of 206,861, 188,082, 185,827, 188,067, and 214,171 distinct tags were obtained by sequencing these five libraries, respectively. Compared with the 30°C library, there were 304, 407, 709, and 772 upregulated genes and 342, 793, 771, and 1466 downregulated genes in 26°C, 20°C, 16°C, and 10°C libraries, respectively. Trend analysis of these differentially expressed genes identified six statistically significant trends. Functional annotation analysis of the differentially expressed genes identified various functions associated with the response to low-temperature stress. When tilapia are subjected to low-temperature stress, expression changes were observed in genes associated with nucleic acid synthesis and metabolism, amino acid metabolism and protein synthesis, lipid and carbohydrate content and types, material transport, apoptosis, and immunity. The differentially expressed genes obtained in this study may provide useful insights to help further understand the effects of low temperature on tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changgeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Hua Wen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China.
| | - Juan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
| | - Gengwu Gou
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan 430223, China
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46
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Sharon G, Pimenta-Leibowitz M, Vilchis MCL, Isakov N, Zilberg D. Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2015; 38:67-74. [PMID: 24423242 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non-stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI-, NI- and I-treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg(-1), respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re-infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3-75%, higher than in the non-exposed control (40.6% mortality).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sharon
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Sede Boqer, Israel
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Nardocci G, Navarro C, Cortés PP, Imarai M, Montoya M, Valenzuela B, Jara P, Acuña-Castillo C, Fernández R. Neuroendocrine mechanisms for immune system regulation during stress in fish. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 40:531-538. [PMID: 25123831 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the last years, the aquaculture crops have experienced an explosive and intensive growth, because of the high demand for protein. This growth has increased fish susceptibility to diseases and subsequent death. The constant biotic and abiotic changes experienced by fish species in culture are challenges that induce physiological, endocrine and immunological responses. These changes mitigate stress effects at the cellular level to maintain homeostasis. The effects of stress on the immune system have been studied for many years. While acute stress can have beneficial effects, chronic stress inhibits the immune response in mammals and teleost fish. In response to stress, a signaling cascade is triggered by the activation of neural circuits in the central nervous system because the hypothalamus is the central modulator of stress. This leads to the production of catecholamines, corticosteroid-releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone and glucocorticoids, which are the essential neuroendocrine mediators for this activation. Because stress situations are energetically demanding, the neuroendocrine signals are involved in metabolic support and will suppress the "less important" immune function. Understanding the cellular mechanisms of the neuroendocrine regulation of immunity in fish will allow the development of new pharmaceutical strategies and therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of diseases triggered by stress at all stages of fish cultures for commercial production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gino Nardocci
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile. Av. República 252, 8370134 Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristina Navarro
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile. Av. República 252, 8370134 Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula P Cortés
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile. Av. República 252, 8370134 Santiago, Chile
| | - Mónica Imarai
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola (CBA), Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, 9170022 Santiago, Chile
| | - Margarita Montoya
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola (CBA), Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, 9170022 Santiago, Chile
| | - Beatriz Valenzuela
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola (CBA), Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, 9170022 Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Jara
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola (CBA), Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, 9170022 Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Acuña-Castillo
- Centro de Biotecnología Acuícola (CBA), Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile. Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363, Estación Central, 9170022 Santiago, Chile.
| | - Ricardo Fernández
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile. Av. República 252, 8370134 Santiago, Chile.
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Cui Y, Liu B, Xie J, Xu P, Habte-Tsion HM, Zhang Y. Effect of heat stress and recovery on viability, oxidative damage, and heat shock protein expression in hepatic cells of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:721-729. [PMID: 24135954 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9879-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of hyperthermia and recovery on cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and heat shock protein (HSP60, 70, and 90) mRNA expression in the hepatic cells of the grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus. Triplicate groups of cultured cells were exposed to 30, 32, or 34 °C for 0.5 h and then immediately incubated at 27 °C in 5 % CO2 for 6, 12, 24, or 48 h. Hyperthermia stress greatly reduced cell viability and increased LDH release. Cell damage declined after recovery. Hyperthermia stress increased the lipid peroxide levels and reduced the antioxidant capacity (e.g., reduced SOD and T-AOC) of the cells. However, oxidative damage declined as the recovery period increased, and the levels of MDA, SOD, and T-AOC were restored. After cells were exposed to 32 °C, the expression of HSP60 after recovery for 1, 2, and 4 h (P < 0.05), the expression of HSP70 after recovery for 0.5 and 1 h (P < 0.01), and the expression of HSP90 throughout recovery were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than the prestress levels. During the recovery period, the variations in HSP gene expression reflected the transition period from a state of cellular growth to one of the cellular repairs. In conclusion, hyperthermia depresses cell viability, induces oxidative damage, and increases HSP expression, which plays an important role during hyperthermic stress in grass carp hepatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Cui
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agriculture University, No. 9 Shanshui East Road, Wuxi, 214081, People's Republic of China,
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Chebaani N, Guardiola FA, Sihem M, Nabil A, Oumouna M, Meseguer J, Esteban MA, Cuesta A. Innate humoral immune parameters in Tilapia zillii under acute stress by low temperature and crowding. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:797-804. [PMID: 24214459 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9886-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Redbelly tilapia (Tilapia zillii; Gervais, 1848) is one of the most valuable freshwater species in North Africa representing an important part of the continental production, especially in brackish lakes. In Algeria, T. zillii is distributed in several lakes and tributaries of some rivers in the south. Though some attempts are in progress to culture this species, many investigations covering its biology and farm management are still needed. In this sense, this is the first study attempting to evaluate some of the T. zillii immune parameters and valuable data to assess their health and well-being status. Thus, we have determined the levels of serum peroxidases as well as the alternative complement, antiprotease and bactericidal activities. Furthermore, we have also evaluated the potential impact of two acute stress factors, commonly found in fish farms, in these parameters. Although it was assessed that fish exposed to low temperatures or crowding were stressed, as indicated by their increased serum levels of cortisol and glucose, both acute stressors failed to significantly affect serum peroxidases as well as antiprotease and complement activities. However, the bactericidal activity was reduced in general but only in those exposed to crowding reached statistical significance. Further studies are needed to characterise the immune response in T. zillii as well as the effects that farming stresses may produce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadjoua Chebaani
- Centre National pour la Recherche et le Développement de la Pêche et l'Aquaculture (CNRDPA), 11 Boulevard Colonel Amirouche, 42100, Bou-Ismail, Tipaza, Algeria
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50
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Dupoué A, Brischoux F, Lourdais O, Angelier F. Influence of temperature on the corticosterone stress-response: an experiment in the Children's python (Antaresia childreni). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 193:178-84. [PMID: 23948369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To cope with environmental challenges, organisms have to adjust their behaviours and their physiology to the environmental conditions they face (i.e. allostasis). In vertebrates, such adjustments are often mediated through the secretion of glucocorticoids (GCs) that are well-known to activate and/or inhibit specific physiological and behavioural traits. In ectothermic species, most processes are temperature-dependent and according to previous studies, low external temperatures should be associated with low GC concentrations (both baseline and stress-induced concentrations). In this study, we experimentally tested this hypothesis by investigating the short term influence of temperature on the GC stress response in a squamate reptile, the Children's python (Antaresia childreni). Snakes were maintained in contrasting conditions (warm and cold groups), and their corticosterone (CORT) stress response was measured (baseline and stress-induced CORT concentrations), within 48h of treatment. Contrary to our prediction, baseline and stress-induced CORT concentrations were higher in the cold versus the warm treatment. In addition, we found a strong negative relationship between CORT concentrations (baseline and stress-induced) and temperature within the cold treatment. Although it remains unclear how cold temperatures can mechanistically result in increased CORT concentrations, we suggest that, at suboptimal temperature, high CORT concentrations may help the organism to maintain an alert state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréaz Dupoué
- Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, CEBC-CNRS UPR 1934, 79360 Villiers en Bois, France; Université de Poitiers, 40 Avenue du recteur Pineau, 86022 Poitiers, France.
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