1
|
Nwanaji‐Enwerem JC, Boileau P, Galazka JM, Cardenas A. In vitro relationships of galactic cosmic radiation and epigenetic clocks in human bronchial epithelial cells. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2022; 63:184-189. [PMID: 35470505 PMCID: PMC9233067 DOI: 10.1002/em.22483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation is a well-appreciated health risk, precipitant of DNA damage, and contributor to DNA methylation variability. Nevertheless, relationships of ionizing radiation with DNA methylation-based markers of biological age (i.e. epigenetic clocks) remain poorly understood. Using existing data from human bronchial epithelial cells, we examined in vitro relationships of three epigenetic clock measures (Horvath DNAmAge, MiAge, and epiTOC2) with galactic cosmic radiation (GCR), which is particularly hazardous due to its high linear energy transfer (LET) heavy-ion components. High-LET 56Fe was significantly associated with accelerations in epiTOC2 (β = 192 cell divisions, 95% CI: 71, 313, p-value = .003). We also observed a significant, positive interaction of 56Fe ions and time-in-culture with epiTOC2 (95% CI: 42, 441, p-value = .019). However, only the direct 56Fe ion association remained statistically significant after adjusting for multiple hypothesis testing. Epigenetic clocks were not significantly associated with high-LET 28Si and low-LET X-rays. Our results demonstrate sensitivities of specific epigenetic clock measures to certain forms of GCR. These findings suggest that epigenetic clocks may have some utility for monitoring and better understanding the health impacts of GCR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamaji C. Nwanaji‐Enwerem
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Emory Rollins School of Public Health, and Department of Emergency MedicineEmory University School of MedicineAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Center for Computational BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Philippe Boileau
- Graduate Group in Biostatistics and Center for Computational BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Andres Cardenas
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Center for Computational BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stigliani S, Moretti S, Anserini P, Casciano I, Venturini PL, Scaruffi P. Storage time does not modify the gene expression profile of cryopreserved human metaphase II oocytes. Hum Reprod 2015; 30:2519-26. [PMID: 26385790 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dev232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Does storage time have any impact on the transcriptome of slowly frozen cryopreserved human metaphase II (MII) oocytes? SUMMARY ANSWER The length of cryostorage has no effect on the gene expression profile of human MII oocytes. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Oocyte cryopreservation is a widely used technique in IVF for storage of surplus oocytes, as well as for fertility preservation (i.e. women undergoing gonadotoxic therapies) and oocyte donation programs. Although cryopreservation has negative impacts on oocyte physiology and it is associated with decrease of transcripts, no experimental data about the effect of storage time on the oocyte molecular profile are available to date. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This study included 27 women, ≤38 years aged, without any ovarian pathology, undergoing IVF treatment. Surplus MII oocytes were donated after written informed consent. A total of 31 non-cryopreserved oocytes and 68 surviving slow-frozen/rapid-thawed oocytes (32 oocytes cryostored for 3 years and 36 cryostored for 6 years) were analyzed. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Pools of ≈10 oocytes for each group were prepared. Total RNA was extracted from each pool, amplified, labeled and hybridized on oligonucleotide microarrays. Analyses were performed by R software using the limma package. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Comparison of gene expression profiles between surviving thawed oocytes after 3 and 6 years of storage in liquid nitrogen found no differently expressed genes. The expression profiles of cryopreserved MII oocytes significantly differed from those of non-cryopreserved oocytes in 107 probe sets corresponding to 73 down-regulated and 29 up-regulated unique transcripts. Gene Ontology analysis by DAVID bioinformatics resource disclosed that cryopreservation deregulates genes involved in oocyte function and early embryo development, such as chromosome organization, RNA splicing and processing, cell cycle, cellular response to DNA damage and to stress, DNA repair, calcium ion binding, malate dehydrogenase activity and mitochondrial activity. Among the probes significantly up-regulated in cryopreserved oocytes, two corresponded to ovary-specific expressed large intergenic noncoding (linc)RNAs. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Data validation in a larger cohort of samples would be beneficial, although we applied stringent criteria for gene selection (fold-change >3 or <1/3 and FDR < 0.1). Further research should be undertaken to verify experimentally that the length of cryostorage has no effect on gene expression profile of vitrified/warmed MII oocytes, as well as to include in analyses 'older' frozen oocytes. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Confirmation that the length of storage does not alter the gene expression profile of frozen oocytes is noteworthy for the safety issue of long-term oocyte banking, i.e. fertility preservation, gamete donation. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST This study was supported by a grant of the Italian Ministry of Health (CCM 2012) and by Ferring Pharmaceutical company. The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Stigliani
- U.O.S. Physiopathology of Human Reproduction, IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Paola Anserini
- U.O.S. Physiopathology of Human Reproduction, IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ida Casciano
- U.O.S. Physiopathology of Human Reproduction, IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Venturini
- U.O.S. Physiopathology of Human Reproduction, IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paola Scaruffi
- U.O.S. Physiopathology of Human Reproduction, IRCCS A.O.U. San Martino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Leckman JF, Vaccarino FM. Editorial commentary: "What does immunology have to do with brain development and neuropsychiatric disorders?". Brain Res 2014; 1617:1-6. [PMID: 25283746 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James F Leckman
- Child Study Center and the Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics, and Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Flora M Vaccarino
- Program in Neurodevelopment and Regeneration, Yale Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Child Study Center and Department of Neurobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Meziane H, Fraulob V, Riet F, Krezel W, Selloum M, Geffarth M, Acampora D, Hérault Y, Simeone A, Brand M, Dollé P, Rhinn M. The homeodomain factor Gbx1 is required for locomotion and cell specification in the dorsal spinal cord. PeerJ 2013; 1:e142. [PMID: 24010020 PMCID: PMC3757465 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 08/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dorsal horn neurons in the spinal cord integrate and relay sensory information to higher brain centers. These neurons are organized in specific laminae and different transcription factors are involved in their specification. The murine homeodomain Gbx1 protein is expressed in the mantle zone of the spinal cord at E12.5-13.5, correlating with the appearance of a discernable dorsal horn around E14 and eventually defining a narrow layer in the dorsal horn around perinatal stages. At postnatal stages, Gbx1 identifies a specific subpopulation of GABAergic neurons in the dorsal spinal cord. We have generated a loss of function mutation for Gbx1 and analyzed its consequences during spinal cord development. Gbx1−/− mice are viable and can reproduce as homozygous null mutants. However, the adult mutant mice display an altered gait during forward movement that specifically affects the hindlimbs. This abnormal gait was evaluated by a series of behavioral tests, indicating that locomotion is impaired, but not muscle strength or motor coordination. Molecular analysis showed that the development of the dorsal horn is not profoundly affected in Gbx1−/− mutant mice. However, analysis of terminal neuronal differentiation revealed that the proportion of GABAergic inhibitory interneurons in the superficial dorsal horn is diminished. Our study unveiled a role for Gbx1 in specifying a subset of GABAergic neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord involved in the control of posterior limb movement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Meziane
- Mouse Clinical Institute / Institut Clinique de la Souris, PHENOMIN, GIE CERBM, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Valérie Fraulob
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Riet
- Mouse Clinical Institute / Institut Clinique de la Souris, PHENOMIN, GIE CERBM, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Wojciech Krezel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Mohammed Selloum
- Mouse Clinical Institute / Institut Clinique de la Souris, PHENOMIN, GIE CERBM, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Michaela Geffarth
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies / Cluster of Excellence, and Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dario Acampora
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", Naples, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Yann Hérault
- Mouse Clinical Institute / Institut Clinique de la Souris, PHENOMIN, GIE CERBM, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Antonio Simeone
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", Naples, Italy.,IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Michael Brand
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies / Cluster of Excellence, and Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pascal Dollé
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Cedex, France
| | - Muriel Rhinn
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Defining the genomic signature of totipotency and pluripotency during early human development. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62135. [PMID: 23614026 PMCID: PMC3629124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic mechanisms governing human pre-implantation embryo development and the in vitro counterparts, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), still remain incomplete. Previous global genome studies demonstrated that totipotent blastomeres from day-3 human embryos and pluripotent inner cell masses (ICMs) from blastocysts, display unique and differing transcriptomes. Nevertheless, comparative gene expression analysis has revealed that no significant differences exist between hESCs derived from blastomeres versus those obtained from ICMs, suggesting that pluripotent hESCs involve a new developmental progression. To understand early human stages evolution, we developed an undifferentiation network signature (UNS) and applied it to a differential gene expression profile between single blastomeres from day-3 embryos, ICMs and hESCs. This allowed us to establish a unique signature composed of highly interconnected genes characteristic of totipotency (61 genes), in vivo pluripotency (20 genes), and in vitro pluripotency (107 genes), and which are also proprietary according to functional analysis. This systems biology approach has led to an improved understanding of the molecular and signaling processes governing human pre-implantation embryo development, as well as enabling us to comprehend how hESCs might adapt to in vitro culture conditions.
Collapse
|
6
|
Islam ME, Kikuta H, Inoue F, Kanai M, Kawakami A, Parvin MS, Takeda H, Yamasu K. Three enhancer regions regulate gbx2 gene expression in the isthmic region during zebrafish development. Mech Dev 2006; 123:907-24. [PMID: 17067785 DOI: 10.1016/j.mod.2006.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2006] [Revised: 08/16/2006] [Accepted: 08/24/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrate embryos, positioning of the boundary between the midbrain and hindbrain (MHB) and subsequent isthmus formation are dependent upon the interaction between the Otx2 and Gbx genes. In zebrafish, sequential expression of gbx1 and gbx2 in the anterior hindbrain contributes to this process, whereas in mouse embryos, a single Gbx gene (Gbx2) is responsible for MHB development. In the present study, to investigate the regulatory mechanism of gbx2 in the MHB/isthmic region of zebrafish embryos, we cloned the gene and showed that its organization is conserved among different vertebrates. Promoter analyses revealed three enhancers that direct reporter gene expression after the end of epiboly in the anterior-most hindbrain, which is a feature of the zebrafish gbx2 gene. One of the enhancers is located upstream of gbx2 (AMH1), while the other two enhancers are located downstream of gbx2 (AMH2 and AMH3). Detailed analysis of the AMH1 enhancer showed that it directs expression in the rhombomere 1 (r1) region and the dorsal thalamus, as has been shown for gbx2, whereas no expression was induced by the AMH1 enhancer in other embryonic regions in which gbx2 is expressed. The AMH1 enhancer is composed of multiple regulatory subregions that share the same spatial specificity. The most active of the regulatory subregions is a 291-bp region that contains at least two Pax2-binding sites, both of which are necessary for the function of the main component (PB1-A region) of the AMH1 enhancer. In accordance with these results, enhancer activity in the PB1-A region, as well as gbx2 expression in r1, was missing in no isthmus mutant embryos that lacked functional pax2a. In addition, we identified an upstream conserved sequence of 227bp that suppresses the enhancer activity of AMH1. Taken together, these findings suggest that gbx2 expression during the somitogenesis stage in zebrafish is regulated by a complex mechanism involving Pax2 as well as activators and suppressors in the regions flanking the gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Ekramul Islam
- Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama City, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rhinn M, Lun K, Amores A, Yan YL, Postlethwait JH, Brand M. Cloning, expression and relationship of zebrafish gbx1 and gbx2 genes to Fgf signaling. Mech Dev 2003; 120:919-36. [PMID: 12963112 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4773(03)00135-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The organizer at the midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB) forms at the interface between Otx2 and Gbx2 expressing cell populations, but how these gene expression domains are set up and integrated with the remaining machinery controlling MHB development is unclear. Here we report the isolation, mapping, chromosomal synteny and spatiotemporal expression of gbx1 and gbx2 in zebrafish. We focus in particular on the expression of these genes during development of the midbrain-hindbrain territory. Our results suggest that these genes function in this area in a complex fashion, as evidenced by their highly dynamic expression patterns and relation to Fgf signaling. Analysis of gbx1 and gbx2 expression during formation of the MHB in mutant embryos for pax2.1, fgf8 and pou2 (noi, ace, spg), as well as Fgf-inhibition experiments, show that gbx1 acts upstream of these genes in MHB development. In contrast, gbx2 activation requires ace (fgf8) function, and in the hindbrain primordium, also spg (pou2). We propose that in zebrafish, gbx genes act repeatedly in MHB development, with gbx1 acting during the positioning period of the MHB at gastrula stages, and gbx2 functioning after initial formation of the MHB, from late gastrulation stages onwards. Transplantation studies furthermore reveal that at the gastrula stage, Fgf8 signals from the hindbrain primordium into the underlying mesendoderm. Apart from the general involvement of gbx genes in MHB development reported also in other vertebrates, these results emphasize that early MHB development can be divided into multiple steps with different genetic requirements with respect to gbx gene function and Fgf signaling. Moreover, our results provide an example for switching of a specific gene function of gbx1 versus gbx2 between orthologous genes in zebrafish and mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Rhinn
- Department of Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Dresden, Pfotenhauer Strasse 108, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
Dysregulation of homeobox (HB)-containing genes is becoming increasingly recognized as the underlying basis of many hematologic malignancies. Expression of clustered HB (HOX) genes within the hematopoietic system, and enforced overexpression and knockout studies have provided support for the concept that these homeodomain-containing transcription factors play a significant role in the developmental biology of hematopoietic cells. Diverged HB (non-HOX) genes have recently been identified as either cofactors and/or accelerators of leukemic disease mediated by HOX genes or as bona fide oncogenes. In this review, we examine the evidence that supports a central role for HB genes in normal and malignant hematopoiesis, paying particular attention to the non-HOX class and the possible mechanisms through which they contribute to leukemic transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn M Owens
- Hematopoiesis Department, Holland Laboratory, American Red Cross, Rockville, Maryland 20855, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lin X, State MW, Vaccarino FM, Greally J, Hass M, Leckman JF. Identification, chromosomal assignment, and expression analysis of the human homeodomain-containing gene Orthopedia (OTP). Genomics 1999; 60:96-104. [PMID: 10458915 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1999.5882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Homeodomain (HD) genes are helix-turn-helix transcription factors that play key roles in the specification of cell fates. In the central nervous system (CNS), HD genes not only position cells along an axis, but also specify cell migration patterns and may influence axonal connectivity. In an effort to identify novel HD genes involved in the development of the human CNS, we have cloned, characterized, and mapped the human homologue of the murine HD gene Orthopedia (Otp), whose product is found in multiple cell groups within the mouse hypothalamus, amygdala, and brain stem. Human cDNA and genomic libraries were screened with probes derived from mouse Otp sequences to find the human homologue, OTP. The deduced amino acid sequence of the open reading frame of the human cDNA is 99% homologous to mouse Otp and demonstrates a high degree of conservation when compared to sea urchin and Drosophila. OTP was mapped to human chromosome 5q13.3 using radiation hybrid panel mapping and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Flanking markers were identified from YAC clones containing OTP. A single putative OTP gene product was found in 17-week human fetal brain tissue by Western blot analysis using a novel polyclonal antibody raised against a conserved 13-amino-acid sequence at the C-terminus of the OTP protein. Expression in the developing human hypothalamus was confirmed by immunohistochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Lin
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520-7900, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Several reports have described the occurrence of chromosome abnormalities in autism, a neuro-developmental disorder characterized by social deficits, communication impairment, and a restricted range of interests. These include the fragile X abnormality and 15q duplications. In this report, we describe two cases of chromosome 2q37 and review the literature on this topic. We propose that deletion of the distal portion of the long arm of chromosome 2 (2q37) may be associated with some cases of autism and with a distinct phenotype. Increased awareness of the dysmorphic features associated with 2q37 deletions may aid in the molecular genetic analysis of this chromosome anomaly and clarify its relationship with autism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Ghaziuddin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tribioli C, Lufkin T. Molecular cloning, chromosomal mapping and developmental expression of BAPX1, a novel human homeobox-containing gene homologous to Drosophila bagpipe. Gene X 1997; 203:225-33. [PMID: 9426254 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(97)00520-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We describe here the cloning of the human BAPX1 gene, a homologue of the Drosophila bagpipe gene which has 87% aa identity within the homeodomain relative to the fly gene. We recently have identified the murine bagpipe homolog. The predicted aa sequence of the human gene has 85% overall identity to the murine gene, with 100% identity in the homeodomain. In mouse, this gene maps to the proximal portion of chromosome 5. We show that the human gene maps to 4p16.1, the human region syntenic with mouse chromosome 5. Expression of BAPX1 was evaluated during human embryonic development by RT-PCR analysis and by RNA in situ hybridization. RT-PCR analysis showed that BAPX1 is expressed in embryo tissues, particularly the limb, and at a lower level in an embryonic lung cell line. RNA in situ hybridization revealed that BAPX1 is predominantly expressed in mesenchymal condensations of the fetal limb and axial skeleton, and in lateral plate mesoderm giving rise to visceral muscle. The expression pattern of BAPX1 combined with the chromosomal localization to 4p16.1, where several human genetic diseases involving dysmorphology of the skeleton have been assigned, raises the potential of it being a candidate gene for one of these disorders. O
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Southern
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- CpG Islands/genetics
- Drosophila/genetics
- Drosophila Proteins
- Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism
- Embryo, Nonmammalian
- Embryonic and Fetal Development
- Exons/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Homeodomain Proteins/analysis
- Homeodomain Proteins/chemistry
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization
- Insect Proteins/chemistry
- Insect Proteins/genetics
- Introns/genetics
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Transcription Factors
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Tribioli
- Brookdale Center for Developmental and Molecular Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chapman G, Remiszewski JL, Webb GC, Schulz TC, Bottema CD, Rathjen PD. The mouse homeobox gene, Gbx2: genomic organization and expression in pluripotent cells in vitro and in vivo. Genomics 1997; 46:223-33. [PMID: 9417909 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1997.4969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The Gbx2 homeodomain is widely conserved in metazoans. We investigated the mouse Gbx2 locus by isolation and characterization of genomic clones and by physical localization to the genome. The Gbx2 gene contained a single intron that separated the proposed functional protein domains. This organization was conserved with human GBX2. Physical localization of Gbx2 to Chromosome 1C5-E1 indicated that the genomic relationship between the linked Gbx2 and En1 genes differs between mouse and human, making it unlikely to be of functional significance. We also extended the known expression pattern of Gbx2 beyond the gastrulation stage embryo and the developing CNS to pluripotent cells in vitro and in vivo. Gbx2 expression was demonstrated in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells but was downregulated in differentiated cell populations. In the embryo, Gbx2 expression was detected before primitive streak formation, in the inner cell mass of the preimplantation embryo. Gbx2 is therefore a candidate control gene for cell pluripotency and differentiation in the embryo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Chapman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
|