1
|
Lublin V, Kauffmann B, Engilberge S, Durola F, Gounel S, Bichon S, Jean C, Mano N, Giraud MF, Chavas L, Thureau A, Thompson A, Stines-Chaumeil C. Does Acinetobacter calcoaceticus glucose dehydrogenase produce self-damaging H2O2? Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20240102. [PMID: 38687614 PMCID: PMC11130540 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20240102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The soluble glucose dehydrogenase (sGDH) from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus has been widely studied and is used, in biosensors, to detect the presence of glucose, taking advantage of its high turnover and insensitivity to molecular oxygen. This approach, however, presents two drawbacks: the enzyme has broad substrate specificity (leading to imprecise blood glucose measurements) and shows instability over time (inferior to other oxidizing glucose enzymes). We report the characterization of two sGDH mutants: the single mutant Y343F and the double mutant D143E/Y343F. The mutants present enzyme selectivity and specificity of 1.2 (Y343F) and 5.7 (D143E/Y343F) times higher for glucose compared with that of the wild-type. Crystallographic experiments, designed to characterize these mutants, surprisingly revealed that the prosthetic group PQQ (pyrroloquinoline quinone), essential for the enzymatic activity, is in a cleaved form for both wild-type and mutant structures. We provide evidence suggesting that the sGDH produces H2O2, the level of production depending on the mutation. In addition, spectroscopic experiments allowed us to follow the self-degradation of the prosthetic group and the disappearance of sGDH's glucose oxidation activity. These studies suggest that the enzyme is sensitive to its self-production of H2O2. We show that the premature aging of sGDH can be slowed down by adding catalase to consume the H2O2 produced, allowing the design of a more stable biosensor over time. Our research opens questions about the mechanism of H2O2 production and the physiological role of this activity by sGDH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Lublin
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP), University Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5031, Pessac, France
- Synchrotron SOLEIL (CNRS - CEA), Saint-Aubin, France
| | - Brice Kauffmann
- Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie (IECB), Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, INSERM, US1, UAR 3033, Pessac, France
| | - Sylvain Engilberge
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), 71 avenue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38044, France
| | - Fabien Durola
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP), University Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5031, Pessac, France
| | - Sébastien Gounel
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP), University Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5031, Pessac, France
| | - Sabrina Bichon
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP), University Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5031, Pessac, France
| | - Cloée Jean
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP), University Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5031, Pessac, France
| | - Nicolas Mano
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP), University Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5031, Pessac, France
| | - Marie-France Giraud
- Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nano-objects (CBMN), Pessac, France
| | | | | | | | - Claire Stines-Chaumeil
- Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP), University Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5031, Pessac, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Munzone A, Eijsink VGH, Berrin JG, Bissaro B. Expanding the catalytic landscape of metalloenzymes with lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases. Nat Rev Chem 2024; 8:106-119. [PMID: 38200220 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00565-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) have an essential role in global carbon cycle, industrial biomass processing and microbial pathogenicity by catalysing the oxidative cleavage of recalcitrant polysaccharides. Despite initially being considered monooxygenases, experimental and theoretical studies show that LPMOs are essentially peroxygenases, using a single copper ion and H2O2 for C-H bond oxygenation. Here, we examine LPMO catalysis, emphasizing key studies that have shaped our comprehension of their function, and address side and competing reactions that have partially obscured our understanding. Then, we compare this novel copper-peroxygenase reaction with reactions catalysed by haem iron enzymes, highlighting the different chemistries at play. We conclude by addressing some open questions surrounding LPMO catalysis, including the importance of peroxygenase and monooxygenase reactions in biological contexts, how LPMOs modulate copper site reactivity and potential protective mechanisms against oxidative damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Munzone
- UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent G H Eijsink
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology, and Food Science, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Jean-Guy Berrin
- UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Bastien Bissaro
- UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, INRAE, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kang M, Nam D, Ahn J, Chung YJ, Lee SW, Choi YB, Kwon CH, Cho J. A Mediator-Free Multi-Ply Biofuel Cell Using an Interfacial Assembly between Hydrophilic Enzymes and Hydrophobic Conductive Oxide Nanoparticles with Pointed Apexes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304986. [PMID: 37638655 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Biofuel cells (BFCs) based on enzymatic electrodes hold great promise as power sources for biomedical devices. However, their practical use is hindered by low electron transfer efficiency and poor operational stability of enzymatic electrodes. Here, a novel mediator-free multi-ply BFC that overcomes these limitations and exhibits both substantially high-power output and long-term operational stability is presented. The approach involves the utilization of interfacial interaction-induced assembly between hydrophilic glucose oxidase (GOx) and hydrophobic conductive indium tin oxide nanoparticles (ITO NPs) with distinctive shapes, along with a multi-ply electrode system. For the preparation of the anode, GOx and oleylamine-stabilized ITO NPs with bipod/tripod type are covalently assembled onto the host fiber electrode composed of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and gold (Au) NPs. Remarkably, despite the contrasting hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties, this interfacial assembly approach allows for the formation of nanoblended GOx/ITO NP film, enabling efficient electron transfer within the anode. Additionally, the cathode is prepared by sputtering Pt onto the host electrode. Furthermore, the multi-ply fiber electrode system exhibits unprecedented high-power output (≈10.4 mW cm-2 ) and excellent operational stability (2.1 mW cm-2 , ≈49% after 60 days of continuous operation). The approach can provide a basis for the development of high-performance BFCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minchul Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyeon Nam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyeon Ahn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Jang Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woo Lee
- The George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Young-Bong Choi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science & Technology, Dankook University, Dandae-ro, Cheonan-si, Chungnam, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheong Hoon Kwon
- Department of Energy Resources and Chemical Engineering, Kangwon National University, Samcheok, 25913, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhan Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science & Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Advanced Materials Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gorbachev I, Smirnov A, Ivanov GR, Venelinov T, Amova A, Datsuk E, Anisimkin V, Kuznetsova I, Kolesov V. Langmuir-Blodgett Films with Immobilized Glucose Oxidase Enzyme Molecules for Acoustic Glucose Sensor Application. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:5290. [PMID: 37300021 PMCID: PMC10256062 DOI: 10.3390/s23115290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a sensitive coating based on Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films containing monolayers of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPPE) with an immobilized glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme was created. The immobilization of the enzyme in the LB film occurred during the formation of the monolayer. The effect of the immobilization of GOx enzyme molecules on the surface properties of a Langmuir DPPE monolayer was investigated. The sensory properties of the resulting LB DPPE film with an immobilized GOx enzyme in a glucose solution of various concentrations were studied. It has shown that the immobilization of GOx enzyme molecules into the LB DPPE film leads to a rising LB film conductivity with an increasing glucose concentration. Such an effect made it possible to conclude that acoustic methods can be used to determine the concentration of glucose molecules in an aqueous solution. It was found that for an aqueous glucose solution in the concentration range from 0 to 0.8 mg/mL the phase response of the acoustic mode at a frequency of 42.7 MHz has a linear form, and its maximum change is 55°. The maximum change in the insertion loss for this mode was 18 dB for a glucose concentration in the working solution of 0.4 mg/mL. The range of glucose concentrations measured using this method, from 0 to 0.9 mg/mL, corresponds to the corresponding range in the blood. The possibility of changing the conductivity range of a glucose solution depending on the concentration of the GOx enzyme in the LB film will make it possible to develop glucose sensors for higher concentrations. Such technological sensors would be in demand in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The developed technology can become the basis for creating a new generation of acoustoelectronic biosensors in the case of using other enzymatic reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Gorbachev
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of RAS, 125009 Moscow, Russia; (I.G.); (A.S.); (E.D.); (V.A.); (V.K.)
| | - Andrey Smirnov
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of RAS, 125009 Moscow, Russia; (I.G.); (A.S.); (E.D.); (V.A.); (V.K.)
| | - George R. Ivanov
- University Laboratory “Nanoscience and Nanotechnology”, University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (G.R.I.); (T.V.); (A.A.)
| | - Tony Venelinov
- University Laboratory “Nanoscience and Nanotechnology”, University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (G.R.I.); (T.V.); (A.A.)
| | - Anna Amova
- University Laboratory “Nanoscience and Nanotechnology”, University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria; (G.R.I.); (T.V.); (A.A.)
| | - Elizaveta Datsuk
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of RAS, 125009 Moscow, Russia; (I.G.); (A.S.); (E.D.); (V.A.); (V.K.)
| | - Vladimir Anisimkin
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of RAS, 125009 Moscow, Russia; (I.G.); (A.S.); (E.D.); (V.A.); (V.K.)
| | - Iren Kuznetsova
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of RAS, 125009 Moscow, Russia; (I.G.); (A.S.); (E.D.); (V.A.); (V.K.)
| | - Vladimir Kolesov
- Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics of RAS, 125009 Moscow, Russia; (I.G.); (A.S.); (E.D.); (V.A.); (V.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
De Zio S, Becconi M, Soldà A, Malferrari M, Lesch A, Rapino S. Glucose micro-biosensor for scanning electrochemical microscopy characterization of cellular metabolism in hypoxic microenvironments. Bioelectrochemistry 2023; 150:108343. [PMID: 36608371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mapping of the metabolic activity of tumor tissues represents a fundamental approach to better identify the tumor type, elucidate metastatic mechanisms and support the development of targeted cancer therapies. The spatially resolved quantification of Warburg effect key metabolites, such as glucose and lactate, is essential. Miniaturized electrochemical biosensors scanned over cancer cells and tumor tissue to visualize the metabolic characteristics of a tumor is attractive but very challenging due to the limited oxygen availability in the hypoxic environments of tumors that impedes the reliable applicability of glucose oxidase-based glucose micro-biosensors. Herein, the development and application of a new glucose micro-biosensor is presented that can be reliably operated under hypoxic conditions. The micro-biosensor is fabricated in a one-step synthesis by entrapping during the electrochemically driven growth of a polymeric matrix on a platinum microelectrode glucose oxidase and a catalytically active Prussian blue type aggregate and mediator. The as-obtained functionalization improves significantly the sensitivity of the developed micro-biosensor for glucose detection under hypoxic conditions compared to normoxic conditions. By using the micro-biosensor as non-invasive sensing probe in Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM), the glucose uptake by a breast metastatic adenocarcinoma cell line, with an epithelial morphology, is measured.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona De Zio
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maila Becconi
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alice Soldà
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Malferrari
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andreas Lesch
- Department of Industrial Chemistry "Toso Montanari", University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Rapino
- Department of Chemistry "Giacomo Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via F. Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ohayon D, Renn D, Wustoni S, Guo K, Druet V, Hama A, Chen X, Maria IP, Singh S, Griggs S, Schroeder BC, Rueping M, McCulloch I, Inal S. Interactions of Catalytic Enzymes with n-Type Polymers for High-Performance Metabolite Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:9726-9739. [PMID: 36749895 PMCID: PMC9951220 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The tight regulation of the glucose concentration in the body is crucial for balanced physiological function. We developed an electrochemical transistor comprising an n-type conjugated polymer film in contact with a catalytic enzyme for sensitive and selective glucose detection in bodily fluids. Despite the promise of these sensors, the property of the polymer that led to such high performance has remained unknown, with charge transport being the only characteristic under focus. Here, we studied the impact of the polymer chemical structure on film surface properties and enzyme adsorption behavior using a combination of physiochemical characterization methods and correlated our findings with the resulting sensor performance. We developed five n-type polymers bearing the same backbone with side chains differing in polarity and charge. We found that the nature of the side chains modulated the film surface properties, dictating the extent of interactions between the enzyme and the polymer film. Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring studies showed that hydrophobic surfaces retained more enzymes in a densely packed arrangement, while hydrophilic surfaces captured fewer enzymes in a flattened conformation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the surfaces revealed strong interactions of the enzyme with the glycolated side chains of the polymers, which improved for linear side chains compared to those for branched ones. We probed the alterations in the enzyme structure upon adsorption using circular dichroism, which suggested protein denaturation on hydrophobic surfaces. Our study concludes that a negatively charged, smooth, and hydrophilic film surface provides the best environment for enzyme adsorption with desired mass and conformation, maximizing the sensor performance. This knowledge will guide synthetic work aiming to establish close interactions between proteins and electronic materials, which is crucial for developing high-performance enzymatic metabolite biosensors and biocatalytic charge-conversion devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Ohayon
- Organic
Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and
Engineering Division, King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dominik Renn
- Catalysis
Center, King Abdullah University of Science
and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shofarul Wustoni
- Organic
Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and
Engineering Division, King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Keying Guo
- Organic
Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and
Engineering Division, King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Victor Druet
- Organic
Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and
Engineering Division, King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Hama
- Organic
Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and
Engineering Division, King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xingxing Chen
- Physical
Science and Engineering Division, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iuliana Petruta Maria
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Saumya Singh
- Department
of Chemistry, University of College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Sophie Griggs
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Bob C. Schroeder
- Department
of Chemistry, University of College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K.
| | - Magnus Rueping
- Catalysis
Center, King Abdullah University of Science
and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Physical
Science and Engineering Division, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Sahika Inal
- Organic
Bioelectronics Laboratory, Biological and Environmental Science and
Engineering Division, King Abdullah University
of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Anghel L, Rada S, Erhan RV. Structural Factors and Electron Transfer Mechanisms in Flavoenzymes. ANAL LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2023.2174131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Anghel
- Laboratory Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - Simona Rada
- INCDTIM Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Raul-Victor Erhan
- Department of Nuclear Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute for R&D in Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Magurele-Ilfov, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Innovations in the synthesis of graphene nanostructures for bio and gas sensors. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 145:213234. [PMID: 36502548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sensors play a significant role in modern technologies and devices used in industries, hospitals, healthcare, nanotechnology, astronomy, and meteorology. Sensors based upon nanostructured materials have gained special attention due to their high sensitivity, precision accuracy, and feasibility. This review discusses the fabrication of graphene-based biosensors and gas sensors, which have highly efficient performance. Significant developments in the synthesis routes to fabricate graphene-based materials with improved structural and surface properties have boosted their utilization in sensing applications. The higher surface area, better conductivity, tunable structure, and atom-thick morphology of these hybrid materials have made them highly desirable for the fabrication of flexible and stable sensors. Many publications have reported various modification approaches to improve the selectivity of these materials. In the current work, a compact and informative review focusing on the most recent developments in graphene-based biosensors and gas sensors has been designed and delivered. The research community has provided a complete critical analysis of the most robust case studies from the latest fabrication routes to the most complex challenges. Some significant ideas and solutions have been proposed to overcome the limitations regarding the field of biosensors and hazardous gas sensors.
Collapse
|
9
|
Immobilization of Glucose Oxidase on Glutathione Capped CdTe Quantum Dots for Bioenergy Generation. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12121659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient immobilization of Glucose oxidase (GOx) on an appropriate substrate is one of the main challenges of developing fuel cells that allow energy to be obtained from renewable substrates such as carbohydrates in physiological environments. The research importance of biofuel cells relies on their experimental robustness and high compatibility with biological organisms such as tissues or the bloodstream with the aim of obtaining electrical energy even from living systems. In this work, we report the use of 5,10,15,20 tetrakis (1-methyl-4-pyridinium) porphyrin and glutathione capped CdTe Quantum dots (GSH-CdTeQD) as a support matrix for the immobilization of GOx on carbon surfaces. Fluorescent GSH-CdTeQD particles were synthesized and their characterization by UV-Vis spectrophotometry showed a particle size between 5–7 nm, which was confirmed by DLS and TEM measurements. Graphite and Toray paper electrodes were modified by a drop coating of porphyrin, GSH-CdTeQD and GOx, and their electrochemical activity toward glucose oxidation was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Additionally, GOx modified electrode activity was explored by scanning electrochemical microscopy, finding that near to 70% of the surface was covered with active enzyme. The modified electrodes showed a glucose sensitivity of 0.58 ± 0.01 μA/mM and an apparent Michaelis constant of 7.8 mM. The addition of BSA blocking protein maintained the current response of common interferent molecules such as ascorbic acid (AA) with less than a 5% of interference percentage. Finally, the complex electrodes were employed as anodes in a microfluidic biofuel cell (μBFC) in order to evaluate the performance in energy production. The enzymatic anodes used in the μBFC allowed us to obtain a current density of 7.53 mAcm−2 at the maximum power density of 2.30 mWcm−2; an open circuit potential of 0.57 V was observed in the biofuel cell. The results obtained suggest that the support matrix porphyrin and GSH-CdTeQD is appropriate to immobilize GOx while preserving the enzyme’s catalytic activity. The reported electrode arrangement is a viable option for bioenergy production and/or glucose quantification.
Collapse
|
10
|
Gričar E, Radić J, Genorio B, Kolar M. Highly Sensitive and Selective Graphene Nanoribbon Based Enzymatic Glucose Screen-Printed Electrochemical Sensor. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:9590. [PMID: 36559958 PMCID: PMC9786066 DOI: 10.3390/s22249590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A simple, sensitive, cost effective, and reliable enzymatic glucose biosensor was developed and tested. Nitrogen-doped heat-treated graphene oxide nanoribbons (N-htGONR) were used for modification of commercially available screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs), together with MnO2 and glucose oxidase. The resulting sensors were optimized and used to detect glucose in a wide linear range (0.05-5.0 mM) by a simple amperometric method, where the limit of detection was determined to be 0.008 mM. (lifetime), and reproducibility studies were also carried out and yielded favorable results. The sensor was then tested against potential interfering species present in food and beverage samples before its application to real matrix. Spiked beer samples were analyzed (with glucose recovery between 93.5 and 103.5%) to demonstrate the suitability of the developed sensor towards real food and beverage sample applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ema Gričar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Josip Radić
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, R. Boškovića 35, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Boštjan Genorio
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technical Safety, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mitja Kolar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang Y, Luo X, Xie Y, Li X, Liu S, Liu N, Chen X. Regulation of different protonated states of two intimate histidine residues on the reductive half-reaction of glucose oxidase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:25788-25800. [PMID: 36263785 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03502b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glucose oxidase (GOx) can catalyze the oxidation of β-D-glucose under mild conditions to directly convert biological energy into electrical energy, which has great potential for applications in the fields of enzyme biofuel cells and glucose biosensors. In enzymatic biofuel cells, GOx is often used as an anodic catalyst to improve the performance. The important role of two intimate histidine residues, His505 and His548 (PDB code 4YNU), in the GOx active center has been highlighted in the catalytic oxidation of β-D-glucose, but there is still a lack of systematic examination on the influence of different protonated states of His505 and His548 on the catalytic oxidation of β-D-glucose in GOx. Therefore, in the present work, the GOx active center under the possible protonated states of His548 and His505 is systematically examined by using ONIOM calculations, as well as the influence of remote Arg210 is considered. The calculations reveal that the intimate His505 and His548 can modulate the interaction of the β-D-glucose substrate with isoalloxazine and then control the deprotonization of the hydroxyl group bound to the anomeric carbon of β-D-glucose like controllers. The remote Arg210 provides the driving force for the transfer of two electrons from β-D-glucose to isoalloxazine of FAD via the long-range electrostatic attraction like a horse. Specially, the protonated His505 can serve as a good helper of Arg210 to promote the occurring of the two-proton-coupled two-electron transfer from β-D-glucose to isoalloxazine and His548 in the active center of GOx. These findings provide much insight into the catalytic reactions of GOx in a low pH environment, which may be beneficial to expand the applications of GOx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China.
| | - Yuxin Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China.
| | - Sijun Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China.
| | - Nian Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yoon Y, Kim HS, Yoon S, Yeon KM, Kim J. Precipitation-based microscale enzyme reactors coupled with porous and adhesive elastomer for effective bacterial decontamination and membrane antifouling on-demand. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 212:113407. [PMID: 35523281 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial contamination of water environments can cause various troubles in various areas. As one of potential solutions, we develop enzyme-immobilized elastomer, and demonstrate the uses of enzyme reactions on-demand for effective microbial decontamination and antifouling. Asymmetrically-structured elastomer is prepared by combining two polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layers with different degrees of crosslinking: highly-crosslinked and lightly-crosslinked PDMS layers. At the surface of highly-crosslinked PDMS layer, porous structure with average diameter of 842 nm is formed by dissolving pre-packed and entrapped latex beads. Lightly-crosslinked PDMS on the other side, due to its adhesive nature, enables iterative attachments on various materials under either dry or wet condition. Glucose oxidase (GOx) is immobilized by using the pores at the surface of highly-crosslinked PDMS matrix via a ship-in-a-bottle protocol of precipitation-based microscale enzyme reactor (p-MER), which consists of GOx adsorption, precipitation and chemical crosslinking (EAPC). As a result, crosslinked enzyme aggregates (CLEAs) of GOx not only are well entrapped within many pores of highly-crosslinked PDMS layer (ship-in-bottle) but also cover the external surface of matrix, both of which are well connected together. Highly-interconnected network of CLEAs themselves effectively prevents enzyme leaching, which shows the 25% residual activity of GOx under shaking at 200 rpm for 156 days after 48% initial drop of loosely-bound p-MER after 4 days. In presence of glucose, the underwater attachment of biocatalytic elastomer demonstrates the generation of hydrogen peroxide via p-MER-catalyzed glucose oxidation, exhibiting effective biocidal activities against both gram-positive S. aureus and gram-negative E. coli. Adhesion-induced GOx-catalyzed reaction also alleviates the biofouling of membrane, suggesting its extendibility to various engineering systems being suffered by biofouling. This study of biocatalytic elastomer has demonstrated its new opportunities for the facile and on-demand enzyme-catalyzed reactions in various environmental applications, such as bactericidal treatment, water treatment/purification, and pollutant degradation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- YoungChul Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sol Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seji Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Yeon
- Engineering Center, Samsung C&T Corporation, Tower B, 26, Sangil-ro, 6- gil, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jungbae Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Boverio A, Widodo WS, Santema LL, Rozeboom H, Xiang R, Guallar V, Mattevi A, Fraaije MW. Structural Elucidation and Engineering of a Bacterial Carbohydrate Oxidase. Biochemistry 2022; 62:429-436. [PMID: 35881507 PMCID: PMC9850908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Flavin-dependent carbohydrate oxidases are valuable tools in biotechnological applications due to their high selectivity in the oxidation of carbohydrates. In this study, we report the biochemical and structural characterization of a recently discovered carbohydrate oxidase from the bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum, which is a member of the vanillyl alcohol oxidase flavoprotein family. Due to its exceptionally high activity toward N-acetyl-d-galactosamine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamine, the enzyme was named N-acetyl-glucosamine oxidase (NagOx). In contrast to most known (fungal) carbohydrate oxidases, NagOx could be overexpressed in a bacterial host, which facilitated detailed biochemical and enzyme engineering studies. Steady state kinetic analyses revealed that non-acetylated hexoses were also accepted as substrates albeit with lower efficiency. Upon determination of the crystal structure, structural insights into NagOx were obtained. A large cavity containing a bicovalently bound FAD, tethered via histidyl and cysteinyl linkages, was observed. Substrate docking highlighted how a single residue (Leu251) plays a key role in the accommodation of N-acetylated sugars in the active site. Upon replacement of Leu251 (L251R mutant), an enzyme variant was generated with a drastically modified substrate acceptance profile, tuned toward non-N-acetylated monosaccharides and disaccharides. Furthermore, the activity toward bulkier substrates such as the trisaccharide maltotriose was introduced by this mutation. Due to its advantage of being overexpressed in a bacterial host, NagOx can be considered a promising alternative engineerable biocatalyst for selective oxidation of monosaccharides and oligosaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Boverio
- Molecular
Enzymology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands,Department
of Biology and Biotechnology, University
of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Wahyu S. Widodo
- Molecular
Enzymology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lars L. Santema
- Molecular
Enzymology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henriëtte
J. Rozeboom
- Molecular
Enzymology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ruite Xiang
- Electronic
and Atomic Protein Modelling Group, Barcelona
Supercomputing Center, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Guallar
- Electronic
and Atomic Protein Modelling Group, Barcelona
Supercomputing Center, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Mattevi
- Department
of Biology and Biotechnology, University
of Pavia, via Ferrata 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco W. Fraaije
- Molecular
Enzymology, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands,
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Jang JW, Kim H, Kim I, Lee SW, Jung HG, Hwang KS, Lee JH, Lee G, Lee D, Yoon DS. Surface Functionalization of Enzyme-Coronated Gold Nanoparticles with an Erythrocyte Membrane for Highly Selective Glucose Assays. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6473-6481. [PMID: 35438972 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Colorimetric glucose sensors using enzyme-coronated gold nanoparticles have been developed for high-throughput assays to monitor the blood glucose levels of diabetic patients. Although those sensors have shown sensitivity and wide linear detection ranges, they suffer from poor selectivity and stability in detecting blood glucose, which has limited their practical use. To address this limitation, herein, we functionalized glucose-oxidase-coronated gold nanoparticles with an erythrocyte membrane (EM-GOx-GNPs). Because the erythrocyte membrane (EM) selectively facilitates the permeation of glucose via glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1), the functionalization of GOx-GNPs with EM improved the stability, selectivity (3.3- to 15.8-fold higher), and limit of detection (LOD). Both membrane proteins, GLUT1 and aquaporin-1 (AQP1), on EM were shown to be key components for selective glucose detection by treatment with their inhibitors. Moreover, we demonstrated the stability of EM-GOx-GNPs in high-antioxidant-concentration conditions, under long-term storage (∼4 weeks) and a freeze-thaw cycle. Selectivity of the EM-GOx-GNPs against other saccharides was increased, which improved the LOD in phosphate-buffered saline and human serum. Our results indicated that the functionalization of colorimetric glucose sensors with EM is beneficial for improving selectivity and stability, which may make them candidates for use in a practical glucose sensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Jang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Hyunji Kim
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Insu Kim
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Sang Won Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Hyo Gi Jung
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Kyo Seon Hwang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02453, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyudo Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, Sejong 30019, South Korea.,Interdisciplinary Graduate Program for Artificial Intelligence Smart Convergence Technology, Korea University, Sejong 30019, South Korea
| | - Dongtak Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Dae Sung Yoon
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bauer JA, Zámocká M, Majtán J, Bauerová-Hlinková V. Glucose Oxidase, an Enzyme "Ferrari": Its Structure, Function, Production and Properties in the Light of Various Industrial and Biotechnological Applications. Biomolecules 2022; 12:472. [PMID: 35327664 PMCID: PMC8946809 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose oxidase (GOx) is an important oxidoreductase enzyme with many important roles in biological processes. It is considered an "ideal enzyme" and is often called an oxidase "Ferrari" because of its fast mechanism of action, high stability and specificity. Glucose oxidase catalyzes the oxidation of β-d-glucose to d-glucono-δ-lactone and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of molecular oxygen. d-glucono-δ-lactone is sequentially hydrolyzed by lactonase to d-gluconic acid, and the resulting hydrogen peroxide is hydrolyzed by catalase to oxygen and water. GOx is presently known to be produced only by fungi and insects. The current main industrial producers of glucose oxidase are Aspergillus and Penicillium. An important property of GOx is its antimicrobial effect against various pathogens and its use in many industrial and medical areas. The aim of this review is to summarize the structure, function, production strains and biophysical and biochemical properties of GOx in light of its various industrial, biotechnological and medical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A. Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (J.A.B.); (M.Z.); (J.M.)
| | - Monika Zámocká
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (J.A.B.); (M.Z.); (J.M.)
| | - Juraj Majtán
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (J.A.B.); (M.Z.); (J.M.)
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 833 03 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vladena Bauerová-Hlinková
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; (J.A.B.); (M.Z.); (J.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gao Y, Shah K, Kwok I, Wang M, Rome LH, Mahendra S. Immobilized fungal enzymes: Innovations and potential applications in biodegradation and biosynthesis. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 57:107936. [PMID: 35276253 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Microbial enzymes catalyze various reactions inside and outside living cells. Among the widely studied enzymes, fungal enzymes have been used for some of the most diverse purposes, especially in bioremediation, biosynthesis, and many nature-inspired commercial applications. To improve their stability and catalytic ability, fungal enzymes are often immobilized on assorted materials, conventional as well as nanoscale. Recent advances in fungal enzyme immobilization provide effective and sustainable approaches to achieve improved environmental and commercial outcomes. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of commonly studied fungal enzymes and immobilization technologies. It also summarizes recent advances involving immobilized fungal enzymes for the degradation or assembly of compounds used in the manufacture of products, such as detergents, food additives, and fossil fuel alternatives. Furthermore, challenges and future directions are highlighted to offer new perspectives on improving existing technologies and addressing unexplored fields of applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Gao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Kshitjia Shah
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Ivy Kwok
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, United States
| | - Leonard H Rome
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Shaily Mahendra
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lee H, Nguyen DT, Kim N, Han SY, Hong YJ, Yun G, Kim BJ, Choi IS. Enzyme-Mediated Kinetic Control of Fe 3+-Tannic Acid Complexation for Interface Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:52385-52394. [PMID: 34699188 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular self-assembly of Fe3+ and tannic acid (TA) has received great attention in the fields of materials science and interface engineering because of its exceptional surface coating properties. Although advances in coating strategies often suggest that kinetics in the generation of interface-active Fe3+-TA species is deeply involved in the film formation, there is no acceptable elucidation for the coating process. In this work, we developed the enzyme-mediated kinetic control of Fe2+ oxidation to Fe3+ in a Fe2+-TA complex in the iron-gall-ink-revisited coating method. Specifically, hydrogen peroxide, produced in the glucose oxidase (GOx)-catalyzed reaction of d-glucose, accelerated Fe2+ oxidation, and the optimized kinetics profoundly facilitated the film formation to be about 9 times thicker. We also proposed a perspective considering the coating process as nucleation and growth. From this viewpoint, the kinetics in the generation of interface-active Fe3+-TA species should be optimized because it determines whether the interface-active species forms a film on the substrate (i.e., heterogeneous nucleation and film growth) or flocculates in solution (i.e., homogeneous nucleation and particle growth). Moreover, GOx was concomitantly embedded into the Fe3+-TA films with sustained catalytic activities, and the GOx-mediated coating system was delightfully adapted to catalytic single-cell nanoencapsulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hojae Lee
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | | | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | | | - Yeo Jin Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Gyeongwon Yun
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Beom Jin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ulsan, Ulsan 44776, Korea
| | - Insung S Choi
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pereira SO, Santos NF, Carvalho AF, Fernandes AJS, Costa FM. Electrochemical Response of Glucose Oxidase Adsorbed on Laser-Induced Graphene. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11081893. [PMID: 34443722 PMCID: PMC8401569 DOI: 10.3390/nano11081893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based electrodes have demonstrated great promise as electrochemical transducers in the development of biosensors. More recently, laser-induced graphene (LIG), a graphene derivative, appears as a great candidate due to its superior electron transfer characteristics, high surface area and simplicity in its synthesis. The continuous interest in the development of cost-effective, more stable and reliable biosensors for glucose detection make them the most studied and explored within the academic and industry community. In this work, the electrochemistry of glucose oxidase (GOx) adsorbed on LIG electrodes is studied in detail. In addition to the well-known electroactivity of free flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), the cofactor of GOx, at the expected half-wave potential of -0.490 V vs. Ag/AgCl (1 M KCl), a new well-defined redox pair at 0.155 V is observed and shown to be related to LIG/GOx interaction. A systematic study was undertaken in order to understand the origin of this activity, including scan rate and pH dependence, along with glucose detection tests. Two protons and two electrons are involved in this reaction, which is shown to be sensitive to the concentration of glucose, restraining its origin to the electron transfer from FAD in the active site of GOx to the electrode via direct or mediated by quinone derivatives acting as mediators.
Collapse
|
19
|
Cerutti G, Gugole E, Montemiglio LC, Turbé-Doan A, Chena D, Navarro D, Lomascolo A, Piumi F, Exertier C, Freda I, Vallone B, Record E, Savino C, Sciara G. Crystal structure and functional characterization of an oligosaccharide dehydrogenase from Pycnoporus cinnabarinus provides insights into fungal breakdown of lignocellulose. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:161. [PMID: 34294139 PMCID: PMC8296622 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungal glucose dehydrogenases (GDHs) are FAD-dependent enzymes belonging to the glucose-methanol-choline oxidoreductase superfamily. These enzymes are classified in the "Auxiliary Activity" family 3 (AA3) of the Carbohydrate-Active enZymes database, and more specifically in subfamily AA3_2, that also includes the closely related flavoenzymes aryl-alcohol oxidase and glucose 1-oxidase. Based on sequence similarity to known fungal GDHs, an AA3_2 enzyme active on glucose was identified in the genome of Pycnoporus cinnabarinus, a model Basidiomycete able to completely degrade lignin. RESULTS In our work, substrate screening and functional characterization showed an unexpected preferential activity of this enzyme toward oligosaccharides containing a β(1→3) glycosidic bond, with the highest efficiency observed for the disaccharide laminaribiose. Despite its sequence similarity to GDHs, we defined a novel enzymatic activity, namely oligosaccharide dehydrogenase (ODH), for this enzyme. The crystallographic structures of ODH in the sugar-free form and in complex with glucose and laminaribiose unveiled a peculiar saccharide recognition mechanism which is not shared with previously characterized AA3 oxidoreductases and accounts for ODH preferential activity toward oligosaccharides. The sugar molecules in the active site of ODH are mainly stabilized through CH-π interactions with aromatic residues rather than through hydrogen bonds with highly conserved residues, as observed instead for the fungal glucose dehydrogenases and oxidases characterized to date. Finally, three sugar-binding sites were identified on ODH external surface, which were not previously observed and might be of importance in the physiological scenario. CONCLUSIONS Structure-function analysis of ODH is consistent with its role as an auxiliary enzyme in lignocellulose degradation and unveils yet another enzymatic function within the AA3 family of the Carbohydrate-Active enZymes database. Our findings allow deciphering the molecular determinants of substrate binding and provide insight into the physiological role of ODH, opening new perspectives to exploit biodiversity for lignocellulose transformation into fuels and chemicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Cerutti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Elena Gugole
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Linda Celeste Montemiglio
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Annick Turbé-Doan
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, BBF UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Dehbia Chena
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, BBF UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - David Navarro
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, BBF UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Lomascolo
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, BBF UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - François Piumi
- Anses, INRAE, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, UMR1161 Virologie, Maisons-Alfort, France
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, BBF UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Cécile Exertier
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ida Freda
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Vallone
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Eric Record
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, BBF UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009, Marseille, France
| | - Carmelinda Savino
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR) Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuliano Sciara
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, BBF UMR1163 Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13009, Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Mechanism of aquacobalamin decomposition in aqueous aerobic solutions containing glucose oxidase and glucose. REACTION KINETICS MECHANISMS AND CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11144-021-01992-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
21
|
Lahham M, Jha S, Goj D, Macheroux P, Wallner S. The family of sarcosine oxidases: Same reaction, different products. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 704:108868. [PMID: 33812916 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.108868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The subfamily of sarcosine oxidase is a set of enzymes within the larger family of amine oxidases. It is ubiquitously distributed among different kingdoms of life. The member enzymes catalyze the oxidization of an N-methyl amine bond of amino acids to yield unstable imine species that undergo subsequent spontaneous non-enzymatic reactions, forming an array of different products. These products range from demethylated simple species to complex alkaloids. The enzymes belonging to the sarcosine oxidase family, namely, monomeric and heterotetrameric sarcosine oxidase, l-pipecolate oxidase, N-methyltryptophan oxidase, NikD, l-proline dehydrogenase, FsqB, fructosamine oxidase and saccharopine oxidase have unique features differentiating them from other amine oxidases. This review highlights the key attributes of the sarcosine oxidase family enzymes, in terms of their substrate binding motif, type of oxidation reaction mediated and FAD regeneration, to define the boundaries of this group and demarcate these enzymes from other amine oxidase families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Majd Lahham
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria; Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Aljazeera Private University, Ghabagheb, Syria
| | - Shalinee Jha
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dominic Goj
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Macheroux
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Silvia Wallner
- Institute of Biochemistry, Graz University of Technology, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Yu S, Myung NV. Recent Advances in the Direct Electron Transfer-Enabled Enzymatic Fuel Cells. Front Chem 2021; 8:620153. [PMID: 33644003 PMCID: PMC7902792 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.620153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct electron transfer (DET), which requires no mediator to shuttle electrons from enzyme active site to the electrode surface, minimizes complexity caused by the mediator and can further enable miniaturization for biocompatible and implantable devices. However, because the redox cofactors are typically deeply embedded in the protein matrix of the enzymes, electrons generated from oxidation reaction cannot easily transfer to the electrode surface. In this review, methods to improve the DET rate for enhancement of enzymatic fuel cell performances are summarized, with a focus on the more recent works (past 10 years). Finally, progress on the application of DET-enabled EFC to some biomedical and implantable devices are reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nosang V. Myung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tararina MA, Dam KK, Dhingra M, Janda KD, Palfey BA, Allen KN. Fast Kinetics Reveals Rate-Limiting Oxidation and the Role of the Aromatic Cage in the Mechanism of the Nicotine-Degrading Enzyme NicA2. Biochemistry 2021; 60:259-273. [PMID: 33464876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.0c00855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In Pseudomonas putida, the flavoprotein nicotine oxidoreductase (NicA2) catalyzes the oxidation of (S)-nicotine to N-methyl-myosmine, which is nonenzymatically hydrolyzed to pseudooxynicotine. Structural analysis reveals a monoamine oxidase (MAO)-like fold with a conserved FAD-binding domain and variable substrate-binding domain. The flavoenzyme has a unique variation of the classic aromatic cage with flanking residue pair W427/N462. Previous mechanistic studies using O2 as the oxidizing substrate show that NicA2 has a low apparent Km of 114 nM for (S)-nicotine with a very low apparent turnover number (kcat of 0.006 s-1). Herein, the mechanism of NicA2 was analyzed by transient kinetics. Single-site variants of W427 and N462 were used to probe the roles of these residues. Although several variants had moderately higher oxidase activity (7-12-fold), their reductive half-reactions using (S)-nicotine were generally significantly slower than that of wild-type NicA2. Notably, the reductive half-reaction of wild-type NicA2 is 5 orders of magnitude faster than the oxidative half-reaction with an apparent pseudo-first-order rate constant for the reaction of oxygen similar to kcat. X-ray crystal structures of the N462V and N462Y/W427Y variants complexed with (S)-nicotine (at 2.7 and 2.3 Å resolution, respectively) revealed no significant active-site rearrangements. A second substrate-binding site was identified in N462Y/W427Y, consistent with observed substrate inhibition. Together, these findings elucidate the mechanism of a flavoenzyme that preferentially oxidizes tertiary amines with an efficient reductive half-reaction and a very slow oxidative half-reaction when O2 is the oxidizing substrate, suggesting that the true oxidizing agent is unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita A Tararina
- Program in Biomolecular Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Katie K Dam
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - Manaswni Dhingra
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | | | - Bruce A Palfey
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, 5220E MSRB III 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Karen N Allen
- Program in Biomolecular Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Cohen R, Cohen Y, Mukha D, Yehezkeli O. Oxygen insensitive amperometric glucose biosensor based on FAD dependent glucose dehydrogenase co-entrapped with DCPIP or DCNQ in a polydopamine layer. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
25
|
Fuchs S, Ernst AU, Wang LH, Shariati K, Wang X, Liu Q, Ma M. Hydrogels in Emerging Technologies for Type 1 Diabetes. Chem Rev 2020; 121:11458-11526. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Fuchs
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Alexander U. Ernst
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Long-Hai Wang
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Kaavian Shariati
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Xi Wang
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Qingsheng Liu
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Minglin Ma
- Biological and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yamaguchi A, Katayama K, Holt SA. In-situ Neutron Reflectometry Study on Adsorption of Glucose Oxidase at Mesoporous Aluminum Oxide Film. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:1331-1336. [PMID: 32536623 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20p160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the adsorption of glucose oxidase (GOD) to a mesoporous aluminum oxide (MAO) film was examined with in-situ neutron reflectometry (NR) measurements. The MAO film was deposited on a cover glass slip and a Si disc, and its pore structure was characterized by X-ray reflectometry (XRR) and NR. The Si disc with MAO film was applied for an in-situ NR experiment, and its NR profiles before/after adsorption of GOD were continuously measured with a flow cell. The results indicated that the negatively-charged GOD molecules hardly penetrate into the narrow pore channel (pore diameter = ca. 10 nm) with opposite surface charge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen A Holt
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Yin Z, Ji Z, Zhang W, Taylor EW, Zeng X, Wei J. The Glucose Effect on Direct Electrochemistry and Electron Transfer Reaction of Glucose Oxidase Entrapped in a Carbon Nanotube‐Polymer Matrix. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyu Yin
- Department of Nanoscience Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering University of North Carolina at Greensboro Greensboro NC 27401 USA
| | - Zuowei Ji
- Department of Nanoscience Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering University of North Carolina at Greensboro Greensboro NC 27401 USA
| | - Wendi Zhang
- Department of Nanoscience Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering University of North Carolina at Greensboro Greensboro NC 27401 USA
| | - E. Will Taylor
- Department of Nanoscience Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering University of North Carolina at Greensboro Greensboro NC 27401 USA
- Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Greensboro Greensboro NC 27402 USA
| | - Xinping Zeng
- Department of Nanoscience Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering University of North Carolina at Greensboro Greensboro NC 27401 USA
- School of Life Science and Technology Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Jianjun Wei
- Department of Nanoscience Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering University of North Carolina at Greensboro Greensboro NC 27401 USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Savino S, Fraaije MW. The vast repertoire of carbohydrate oxidases: An overview. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 51:107634. [PMID: 32961251 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are widely abundant molecules present in a variety of forms. For their biosynthesis and modification, nature has evolved a plethora of carbohydrate-acting enzymes. Many of these enzymes are of particular interest for biotechnological applications, where they can be used as biocatalysts or biosensors. Among the enzymes catalysing conversions of carbohydrates are the carbohydrate oxidases. These oxidative enzymes belong to different structural families and use different cofactors to perform the oxidation reaction of CH-OH bonds in carbohydrates. The variety of carbohydrate oxidases available in nature reflects their specificity towards different sugars and selectivity of the oxidation site. Thanks to their properties, carbohydrate oxidases have received a lot of attention in basic and applied research, such that nowadays their role in biotechnological processes is of paramount importance. In this review we provide an overview of the available knowledge concerning the known carbohydrate oxidases. The oxidases are first classified according to their structural features. After a description on their mechanism of action, substrate acceptance and characterisation, we report on the engineering of the different carbohydrate oxidases to enhance their employment in biocatalysis and biotechnology. In the last part of the review we highlight some practical applications for which such enzymes have been exploited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Savino
- Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marco W Fraaije
- Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kornecki JF, Carballares D, Morellon-Sterling R, Siar EH, Kashefi S, Chafiaa M, Arana-Peña S, Rios NS, Gonçalves LR, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Influence of phosphate anions on the stability of immobilized enzymes. Effect of enzyme nature, immobilization protocol and inactivation conditions. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
30
|
Sriwaiyaphram K, Punthong P, Sucharitakul J, Wongnate T. Structure and function relationships of sugar oxidases and their potential use in biocatalysis. Enzymes 2020; 47:193-230. [PMID: 32951824 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Several sugar oxidases that catalyze the oxidation of sugars have been isolated and characterized. These enzymes can be classified as flavoenzyme due to the presence of flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as a cofactor. Sugar oxidases have been proposed to be the key biocatalyst in biotransformation of carbohydrates which can potentially convert sugars to provide a pool of intermediates for synthesis of rare sugars, fine chemicals and drugs. Moreover, sugar oxidases have been applied in biosensing of various biomolecules in food industries, diagnosis of diseases and environmental pollutant detection. This review provides the discussions on general properties, current mechanistic understanding, structural determination, biocatalytic application, and biosensor integration of representative sugar oxidase enzymes, namely pyranose 2-oxidase (P2O), glucose oxidase (GO), hexose oxidase (HO), and oligosaccharide oxidase. The information regarding the relationship between structure and function of these sugar oxidases points out the key properties of this particular group of enzymes that can be modified by engineering, which had resulted in a remarkable economic importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanokkan Sriwaiyaphram
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, Thailand
| | - Pangrum Punthong
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, Thailand
| | - Jeerus Sucharitakul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanyaporn Wongnate
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kaushik S, Thungon PD, Goswami P. Silk Fibroin: An Emerging Biocompatible Material for Application of Enzymes and Whole Cells in Bioelectronics and Bioanalytical Sciences. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:4337-4355. [PMID: 33455178 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes and whole cells serve as the active biological entities in a myriad of applications including bioprocesses, bioanalytics, and bioelectronics. Conserving the natural activity of these functional biological entities during their prolonged use is one of the major goals for validating their practical applications. Silk fibroin (SF) has emerged as a biocompatible material to interface with enzymes as well as whole cells. These biomaterials can be tailored both physically and chemically to create excellent scaffolds of different forms such as fibers, films, and powder for immobilization and stabilization of enzymes. The secondary structures of the SF-protein can be attuned to generate hydrophobic/hydrophilic pockets suitable to create the biocompatible microenvironments. The fibrous nature of the SF protein with a dominant hydrophobic property may also serve as an excellent support for promoting cellular adhesion and growth. This review compiles and discusses the recent literature on the application of SF as a biocompatible material at the interface of enzymes and cells in various fields, including the emerging area of bioelectronics and bioanalytical sciences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharbani Kaushik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43201, United States
| | - Phurpa Dema Thungon
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Pranab Goswami
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bollella P, Katz E. Enzyme-Based Biosensors: Tackling Electron Transfer Issues. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E3517. [PMID: 32575916 PMCID: PMC7349488 DOI: 10.3390/s20123517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the fundamentals of the phenomenon of electron transfer (ET) reactions occurring in redox enzymes that were widely employed for the development of electroanalytical devices, like biosensors, and enzymatic fuel cells (EFCs). A brief introduction on the ET observed in proteins/enzymes and its paradigms (e.g., classification of ET mechanisms, maximal distance at which is observed direct electron transfer, etc.) are given. Moreover, the theoretical aspects related to direct electron transfer (DET) are resumed as a guideline for newcomers to the field. Snapshots on the ET theory formulated by Rudolph A. Marcus and on the mathematical model used to calculate the ET rate constant formulated by Laviron are provided. Particular attention is devoted to the case of glucose oxidase (GOx) that has been erroneously classified as an enzyme able to transfer electrons directly. Thereafter, all tools available to investigate ET issues are reported addressing the discussions toward the development of new methodology to tackle ET issues. In conclusion, the trends toward upcoming practical applications are suggested as well as some directions in fundamental studies of bioelectrochemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Bollella
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, NY 13699-5810, USA;
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Savino S, Jensen S, Terwisscha van Scheltinga A, Fraaije MW. Analysis of the structure and substrate scope of chitooligosaccharide oxidase reveals high affinity for C2-modified glucosamines. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2819-2828. [PMID: 32491191 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharide oxidase (ChitO) is a fungal carbohydrate oxidase containing a bicovalently bound FAD cofactor. The enzyme is known to catalyse the oxidation of chitooligosaccharides, oligomers of N-acetylated glucosamines derived from chitin degradation. In this study, the unique substrate acceptance was explored by testing a range of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine derivatives, revealing that ChitO preferentially accepts carbohydrates with a hydrophobic group attached to C2. The enzyme also accepts streptozotocin, a natural product used to treat tumours. Elucidation of the crystal structure provides an explanation for the high affinity towards C2-decorated glucosamines: the active site has a secondary binding pocket that accommodates groups attached at C2. Docking simulations are fully in line with the observed substrate preference. This work expands the knowledge on this versatile enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Savino
- Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sonja Jensen
- Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marco W Fraaije
- Molecular Enzymology Group, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Chioma F, Ibeji CU, Okpareke O. Novel 3d divalent metallic complexes of 3-[(2-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenylimino)-methyl]-napthalen-2-ol: Synthesis, spectral characterization, antimicrobial and computational studies. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
35
|
Biochemical characterization of d-aspartate oxidase from Caenorhabditis elegans: its potential use in the determination of free d-glutamate in biological samples. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2020; 1868:140442. [PMID: 32376478 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2020.140442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
d-Aspartate oxidase (DDO) is a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-containing flavoprotein that stereospecifically acts on acidic d-amino acids (i.e., free d-aspartate and d-glutamate). Mammalian DDO, which exhibits higher activity toward d-aspartate than d-glutamate, is presumed to regulate levels of d-aspartate in the body and is not thought to degrade d-glutamate in vivo. By contrast, three DDO isoforms are present in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, DDO-1, DDO-2, and DDO-3, all of which exhibit substantial activity toward d-glutamate as well as d-aspartate. In this study, we optimized the Escherichia coli culture conditions for production of recombinant C. elegans DDO-1, purified the protein, and showed that it is a flavoprotein with a noncovalently but tightly attached FAD. Furthermore, C. elegans DDO-1, but not mammalian (rat) DDO, efficiently and selectively degraded d-glutamate in addition to d-aspartate, even in the presence of various other amino acids. Thus, C. elegans DDO-1 might be a useful tool for determining these acidic d-amino acids in biological samples.
Collapse
|
36
|
Inamuddin, Shakeel N, Imran Ahamed M, Kanchi S, Abbas Kashmery H. Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles decorated on polyindole functionalized-MCNTs and used as anode material for enzymatic biofuel cell applications. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5052. [PMID: 32193477 PMCID: PMC7081323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61831-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Presently, one of the most important aspects for the development of enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) is to synthesize the novel electrode materials that possess high current density, low open-circuit voltage (OCV) and long-term stability. To achieve the above attributes, lots of new strategies are being used by the researchers for the development of advanced materials. Nowadays, nanomaterials and nanocomposites are the promising material that has been utilized as effective electrode material in solar cells, supercapacitors and biofuel cells application. Herein, we account for a novel electrocatalyst as electrode material that comprised ZnO nanoparticles decorated on the surface of polyindole (PIn)-multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), for the immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) enzyme and mediator (Ferritin). The PIn-MWCNT scaffold is prepared via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of indole on the surface of MWCNT and assessed by myriad techniques. The micrograph of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) designated the interconnected morphology of MWCNTs in the polymer matrix. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), confirm the crystallinity and different functional groups available in the synthesized material, respectively. The electrochemical assessment demonstrates that the ZnO/PIn-MWCNT/Frt/GOx nanobiocatalyst exhibits much higher electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of glucose with a maximum current density of 4.9 mA cm-2 by consuming 50 mM glucose concentration in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) (pH 7.4) as the testing solution by applying 100 mVs-1 scan rates. The outcomes reflect that the as-prepared ZnO/PIn-MWCNTs/Frt/GOx biocomposite is a promising bioanode for the development of EBFCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inamuddin
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nimra Shakeel
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohd Imran Ahamed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suvardhan Kanchi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Durban University of Technology, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Heba Abbas Kashmery
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
EIN ALI AFJEH M, POURAHMAD R, AKBARI-ADERGANI B, AZIN M. Characteristics of glucose oxidase immobilized on Magnetic Chitosan Nanoparticles. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.32618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mehrdad AZIN
- Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Cheng P, Wang H, Shi X. The effect of phenylalanine ligands on the chiral-selective oxidation of glucose on Au(111). NANOSCALE 2020; 12:3050-3057. [PMID: 31984970 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09506c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
As typical glucose oxidase nanozymes, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) have attracted much attention due to their wide-ranging applications. Ligand caps, as the "cure-all solution" for NPs, not only play important roles in the size and shape control of Au NPs but also influence their catalytic activity and selectivity. A deep understanding of the catalytic mechanism and precise description of the important role of ligands can provide possible ways to design functional Au NPs. Here, with the specific example of Au(111) capped with chiral phenylalanine (Phe), the chiral selective oxidation mechanism of glucose and the important role of the ligands were studied via first-principles calculations. All results show that the dehydrogenation of glucose to form glucono delta-lactone (GDL) is favored on clean Au(111), while the subsequent hydrolysis of GDL is the rate-limiting step for glucose oxidation. The flat and nonchiral Au(111) surface shows negligible selectivity in relation to the oxidation of d- and l-glucose, while chiral Phe-Au(111) shows selective adsorption towards d- and l-glucose. l-Phe-capped Au(111) prefers to adsorb d-glucose, while d-Phe-capped Au(111) prefers to adsorb l-glucose. Considering the three steps in the capped ligand catalysis (adsorption, replacement and reaction), we propose that the ligands play key roles in selectively adsorbing reactants before the subsequent exchange and reaction steps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Cheng
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China. and College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China.
| | - Xinghua Shi
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Nanoscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190, Beijing, China. and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wang Y, Jonkute R, Lindmark H, Keighron JD, Cans AS. Molecular Crowding and a Minimal Footprint at a Gold Nanoparticle Support Stabilize Glucose Oxidase and Boost Its Activity. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:37-46. [PMID: 31865701 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Enzymes conjugated to nanomaterials are used in the design of various biotechnologies. In the development of biosensors, surface modifications with the enzyme glucose oxidase (GOx) serve to aid the detection of blood glucose. In order to optimize sensor effectiveness, the enzyme tertiary structure needs to be preserved upon immobilization to retain the enzyme's catalytic activity. Because of the nature of GOx, it suffers from a tendency to denature when immobilized at a solid surface; hence, methods to optimize enzyme stability are of great importance. Here, we introduce the study of the interaction of GOx to the highly curved surface of 20 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNP) with an absorbed monolayer coating of enzyme as determined by flocculation assays and quantification of immobilized GOx at the nanoparticle surface. Enzyme crowding was determined by comparing the number of enzymes that bind to how many can physically fit. These measurements show how placing a monolayer of enzyme where the enzyme spreads thin at the AuNP surface still provides stable catalytic performance of up to 14 days compared to enzymes free in solution. Moreover, by the increasing enzyme density via increasing the amount of GOx present in solution during the GOx/AuNP conjugation step creates a molecularly crowded environment at the highly curved nanoparticle surface. This limits the size of the enzyme footprint for attachment and shows that the activity per enzyme can be enhanced up to 300%. This is of great importance for implementing stable and sensitive sensor technologies that are constructed by enzyme-based nanoparticle scaffolds. Here, we show by using the conditions that maintain GOx structure and function when limiting the enzyme coating to an ultrathin layer, the design and construction of an ultrafast responding diagnostic sensor technology for glucose can be achieved, which is crucial for monitoring rapid fluctuations of, for instance, glucose in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanmo Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Kemigården 4 , Gothenburg SE-412 96 , Sweden
| | - Rima Jonkute
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Kemigården 4 , Gothenburg SE-412 96 , Sweden
| | - Hampus Lindmark
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Kemigården 4 , Gothenburg SE-412 96 , Sweden
| | - Jacqueline D Keighron
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences , New York Institute of Technology , Old Westbury , New York 11568 , United States
| | - Ann-Sofie Cans
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Chalmers University of Technology , Kemigården 4 , Gothenburg SE-412 96 , Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kornecki JF, Carballares D, Tardioli PW, Rodrigues RC, Berenguer-Murcia Á, Alcántara AR, Fernandez-Lafuente R. Enzyme production ofd-gluconic acid and glucose oxidase: successful tales of cascade reactions. Catal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cy00819b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review mainly focuses on the use of glucose oxidase in the production ofd-gluconic acid, which is a reactant of undoubtable interest in different industrial areas. As example of diverse enzymatic cascade reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub F. Kornecki
- Departamento de Biocatálisis
- ICP-CSIC
- Campus UAM-CSIC
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Diego Carballares
- Departamento de Biocatálisis
- ICP-CSIC
- Campus UAM-CSIC
- 28049 Madrid
- Spain
| | - Paulo W. Tardioli
- Postgraduate Program in Chemical Engineering (PPGEQ)
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Federal University of São Carlos
- 13565-905 São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Rafael C. Rodrigues
- Biocatalysis and Enzyme Technology Lab
- Institute of Food Science and Technology
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul
- Porto Alegre
- Brazil
| | - Ángel Berenguer-Murcia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Instituto Universitario de Materiales
- Universidad de Alicante
- Alicante 03080
- Spain
| | - Andrés R. Alcántara
- Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas
- Facultad de Farmacia
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid
- 28040-Madrid
- Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mathesh M, Sun J, Wilson DA. Enzyme catalysis powered micro/nanomotors for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:7319-7334. [DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01245a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review provides insights on enzyme powered motors using fuels present in biological environments for biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motilal Mathesh
- Institute of Molecules and Materials
- Radboud University
- Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | - Jiawei Sun
- Institute of Molecules and Materials
- Radboud University
- Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| | - Daniela A. Wilson
- Institute of Molecules and Materials
- Radboud University
- Nijmegen
- The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang M, Wang D, Chen Q, Li C, Li Z, Lin J. Recent Advances in Glucose-Oxidase-Based Nanocomposites for Tumor Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1903895. [PMID: 31747128 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glucose oxidase (GOx) can react with intracellular glucose and oxygen (O2 ) to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and gluconic acid, which can cut off the nutrition source of cancer cells and consequently inhibit their proliferation. Therefore, GOx is recognised as an ideal endogenous oxido-reductase for cancer starvation therapy. This process can further regulate the tumor microenvironment by increasing the hypoxia and the acidity. Thus, GOx offers new possibilities for the elaborate design of multifunctional nanocomposites for tumor therapy. However, natural GOx is expensive to prepare and purify and exhibits immunogenicity, short in vivo half-life, and systemic toxicity. Furthermore, GOx is highly prone to degrade after exposure to biological conditions. These intrinsic shortcomings will undoubtedly limit its biomedical applications. Accordingly, some nanocarriers can be used to protect GOx from the surrounding environment, thus controlling or preserving the activity. A variety of nanocarriers including hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles, metal-organic frameworks, organic polymers, and magnetic nanoparticles are summarized for the construction of GOx-based nanocomposites for multimodal synergistic cancer therapy. In addition, current challenges and promising developments in this area are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Qing Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Zhengquan Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Jun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Okuda-Shimazaki J, Yoshida H, Sode K. FAD dependent glucose dehydrogenases - Discovery and engineering of representative glucose sensing enzymes. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 132:107414. [PMID: 31838457 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.107414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The history of the development of glucose sensors goes hand-in-hand with the history of the discovery and the engineering of glucose-sensing enzymes. Glucose oxidase (GOx) has been used for glucose sensing since the development of the first electrochemical glucose sensor. The principle utilizing oxygen as the electron acceptor is designated as the first-generation electrochemical enzyme sensors. With increasing demand for hand-held and cost-effective devices for the "self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG)", second-generation electrochemical sensor strips employing electron mediators have become the most popular platform. To overcome the inherent drawback of GOx, namely, the use of oxygen as the electron acceptor, various glucose dehydrogenases (GDHs) have been utilized in second-generation principle-based sensors. Among the various enzymes employed in glucose sensors, GDHs harboring FAD as the redox cofactor, FADGDHs, especially those derived from fungi, fFADGDHs, are currently the most popular enzymes in the sensor strips of second-generation SMBG sensors. In addition, the third-generation principle, employing direct electron transfer (DET), is considered the most elegant approach and is ideal for use in electrochemical enzyme sensors. However, glucose oxidoreductases capable of DET are limited. One of the most prominent GDHs capable of DET is a bacteria-derived FADGDH complex (bFADGDH). bFADGDH has three distinct subunits; the FAD harboring the catalytic subunit, the small subunit, and the electron-transfer subunit, which makes bFADGDH capable of DET. In this review, we focused on the two representative glucose sensing enzymes, fFADGDHs and bFADGDHs, by presenting their discovery, sources, and protein and enzyme properties, and the current engineering strategies to improve their potential in sensor applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junko Okuda-Shimazaki
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Hiromi Yoshida
- Life Science Research Center and Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa University, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Koji Sode
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wu X, Yue H, Zhang Y, Gao X, Li X, Wang L, Cao Y, Hou M, An H, Zhang L, Li S, Ma J, Lin H, Fu Y, Gu H, Lou W, Wei W, Zare RN, Ge J. Packaging and delivering enzymes by amorphous metal-organic frameworks. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5165. [PMID: 31727883 PMCID: PMC6856190 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic catalysis in living cells enables the in-situ detection of cellular metabolites in single cells, which could contribute to early diagnosis of diseases. In this study, enzyme is packaged in amorphous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) via a one-pot co-precipitation process under ambient conditions, exhibiting 5–20 times higher apparent activity than when the enzyme is encapsulated in corresponding crystalline MOFs. Molecular simulation and cryo-electron tomography (Cryo-ET) combined with other techniques demonstrate that the mesopores generated in this disordered and fuzzy structure endow the packaged enzyme with high enzyme activity. The highly active glucose oxidase delivered by the amorphous MOF nanoparticles allows the noninvasive and facile measurement of glucose in single living cells, which can be used to distinguish between cancerous and normal cells. For packaging enzymes into metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), crystalline MOFs are usually used. Here, the authors encapsulated enzymes in amorphous MOFs a via one-pot co-precipitation process under ambient condition, which led to higher enzymatic activity than in a corresponding crystalline MOF composite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Wu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.,School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Hua Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuanyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaoyong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Licheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yufei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Miao Hou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Haixia An
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, China.
| | - Sai Li
- Key Laboratory of Protein Science, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Jingyuan Ma
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - He Lin
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Yanan Fu
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Lab, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Hongkai Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Wenyong Lou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Richard N Zare
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Jiangwan Campus, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China. .,Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering Division, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sedlák E, Sedláková D, Marek J, Hančár J, Garajová K, Žoldák G. Ion-Specific Protein/Water Interface Determines the Hofmeister Effect on the Kinetic Stability of Glucose Oxidase. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:7965-7973. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b05195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Erik Sedlák
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park P.J. Šafárik University, Jesenna 5, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Dagmar Sedláková
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Marek
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Watsonova 47, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Hančár
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Katarína Garajová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Moyzesova 11, 04001 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Gabriel Žoldák
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park P.J. Šafárik University, Jesenna 5, 041 54 Košice, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Mu Q, Cui Y, Tian Y, Hu M, Tao Y, Wu B. Thermostability improvement of the glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger for efficient gluconic acid production via computational design. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 136:1060-1068. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
47
|
Improvement in the thermal stability of Mucor prainii-derived FAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenase via protein chimerization. Enzyme Microb Technol 2019; 132:109387. [PMID: 31731974 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
FAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (FAD-GDH, EC 1.1.5.9) is an enzyme utilized industrially in glucose sensors. Previously, FAD-GDH isolated from Mucor prainii (MpGDH) was demonstrated to have high substrate specificity for glucose. However, MpGDH displays poor thermostability and is inactivated after incubation at 45 °C for only 15 min, which prevents its use in industrial applications, especially in continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems. Therefore, in this study, a chimeric MpGDH (Mr144-297) was engineered from the glucose-specific MpGDH and the highly thermostable FAD-GDH obtained from Mucor sp. RD056860 (MrdGDH). Mr144-297 demonstrated significantly higher heat resistance, with stability at even 55 °C. In addition, Mr144-297 maintained both high affinity and accurate substrate specificity for D-glucose. Furthermore, eight mutation sites that contributed to improved thermal stability and increased productivity in Escherichia coli were identified. Collectively, chimerization of FAD-GDHs can be an effective method for the construction of an FAD-GDH with greater stability, and the chimeric FAD-GDH described herein could be adapted for use in continuous glucose monitoring sensors.
Collapse
|
48
|
Engineering glucose oxidase for bioelectrochemical applications. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 128:218-240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
49
|
Enhanced peroxidase-like activity of platinum nanoparticles decorated on nickel- and nitrogen-doped graphene nanotubes: colorimetric detection of glucose. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:385. [PMID: 31139931 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3489-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A nanostructured catalyst is introduced that demonstrates peroxidase mimicking activity. It consists of nickel- and nitrogen-doped graphene nanotubes loaded with platinum nanoparticles. Pt-decorated Ni-doped nitrogen-rich graphitic nanotube (Pt/Ni@NGT) was synthesized using a two-step procedure in which the precursors were first refluxed to form a supramolecular assembly followed by a pyrolysis and leaching step to form nanotubes. Afterwards, Pt was decorated on the outer surface of nanotube by an ultrasound assisted method. Pt/Ni@NGT was characterized by XPS, TEM, SEM, and HAADF-STEM. The as-prepared Pt/Ni@NGT nanostructure was used for the detection of glucose via catalyzing the oxidation of a substrate, 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), to form a blue product (ox-TMB), thereby enabling colorimetric assay for enzymatically generated H2O2. The nanostructure exhibited excellent biocompatibility and led to highly efficient immobilization and retention of GOx. The method has a linear response in the 43 pM to 220 μM glucose concentration range, a detection limit as low as 1 pM and a limit of quantification of 3.4pM, along with good reproducibility(< 3%). A paper based visual microfluidic assay was also worked out that has an analytical range that extends from 0.1-50 mM. It is simple and rapid enough to be useful as a glucose home test.. The method was successfully applied to the determination of glucose in tear and saliva samples. Graphical abstract Graphene nanotubes doped with nitrogen and nickel (Ni@NGT) have been synthesized as the support to construct the unique Pt/Ni@NGT for providing artificial peroxidase activity for the GOx-based detection of glucose, which was further used for the construction of a glucose paper assay.
Collapse
|
50
|
Yeon KM, You J, Adhikari MD, Hong SG, Lee I, Kim HS, Kim LN, Nam J, Kwon SJ, Kim MI, Sajomsang W, Dordick JS, Kim J. Enzyme-Immobilized Chitosan Nanoparticles as Environmentally Friendly and Highly Effective Antimicrobial Agents. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:2477-2485. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Min Yeon
- Construction Technology Team, Samsung C&T Corporation, Gyeonggi-Do 13530, Korea
| | - Jisung You
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Manab Deb Adhikari
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Sung-Gil Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Inseon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Han Sol Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Li Na Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Jahyun Nam
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Seok-Joon Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Moon Il Kim
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-Do 13120, Korea
| | - Warayuth Sajomsang
- National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Klong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Jonathan S. Dordick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Jungbae Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| |
Collapse
|