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Mahmood F, Xu R, Awan MUN, Song Y, Han Q, Xia X, Wei J, Xu J, Peng J, Zhang J. HBV Vaccines: Advances and Development. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1862. [PMID: 38140265 PMCID: PMC10747071 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global public health problem that is closely related to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The prevalence of acute and chronic HBV infection, liver cirrhosis, and HCC has significantly decreased as a result of the introduction of universal HBV vaccination programs. The first hepatitis B vaccine approved was developed by purifying the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) from the plasma of asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. Subsequently, recombinant DNA technology led to the development of the recombinant hepatitis B vaccine. Although there are already several licensed vaccines available for HBV infection, continuous research is essential to develop even more effective vaccines. Prophylactic hepatitis B vaccination has been important in the prevention of hepatitis B because it has effectively produced protective immunity against hepatitis B viral infection. Prophylactic vaccines only need to provoke neutralizing antibodies directed against the HBV envelop proteins, whereas therapeutic vaccines are most likely needed to induce a comprehensive T cell response and thus, should include other HBV antigens, such as HBV core and polymerase. The existing vaccines have proven to be highly effective in preventing HBV infection, but ongoing research aims to improve their efficacy, duration of protection, and accessibility. The routine administration of the HBV vaccine is safe and well-tolerated worldwide. The purpose of this type of immunization is to trigger an immunological response in the host, which will halt HBV replication. The clinical efficacy and safety of the HBV vaccine are affected by a number of immunological and clinical factors. However, this success is now in jeopardy due to the breakthrough infections caused by HBV variants with mutations in the S gene, high viral loads, and virus-induced immunosuppression. In this review, we describe various types of available HBV vaccines, along with the recent progress in the ongoing battle to develop new vaccines against HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Mahmood
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (F.M.); (R.X.); (Y.S.); (Q.H.); (X.X.)
- Central Laboratory, Liver Disease Research Center and Department of Infectious Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming 650021, China;
| | - Ruixian Xu
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (F.M.); (R.X.); (Y.S.); (Q.H.); (X.X.)
| | - Maher Un Nisa Awan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, No. 176 Qingnian Road, Kunming 650021, China; (M.U.N.A.); (J.X.)
| | - Yuzhu Song
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (F.M.); (R.X.); (Y.S.); (Q.H.); (X.X.)
| | - Qinqin Han
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (F.M.); (R.X.); (Y.S.); (Q.H.); (X.X.)
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (F.M.); (R.X.); (Y.S.); (Q.H.); (X.X.)
| | - Jia Wei
- Central Laboratory, Liver Disease Research Center and Department of Infectious Disease, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, Kunming 650021, China;
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University, No. 176 Qingnian Road, Kunming 650021, China; (M.U.N.A.); (J.X.)
| | - Juan Peng
- The Obstetrical Department, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650032, China;
| | - Jinyang Zhang
- Molecular Medicine Research Centre of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (F.M.); (R.X.); (Y.S.); (Q.H.); (X.X.)
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Pushko P, Pumpens P, Grens E. Development of Virus-Like Particle Technology from Small Highly Symmetric to Large Complex Virus-Like Particle Structures. Intervirology 2013; 56:141-65. [DOI: 10.1159/000346773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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3
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Patil A, Khanna N. Novel membrane extraction procedure for the purification of hepatitis B surface antigen from Pichia pastoris. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2012; 898:7-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2012.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Revised: 03/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Dengue virus-like particles: construction and application. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 94:39-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-3958-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Plummer EM, Manchester M. Viral nanoparticles and virus-like particles: platforms for contemporary vaccine design. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 3:174-196. [PMID: 20872839 PMCID: PMC7169818 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Current vaccines that provide protection against infectious diseases have primarily relied on attenuated or inactivated pathogens. Virus‐like particles (VLPs), comprised of capsid proteins that can initiate an immune response but do not include the genetic material required for replication, promote immunogenicity and have been developed and approved as vaccines in some cases. In addition, many of these VLPs can be used as molecular platforms for genetic fusion or chemical attachment of heterologous antigenic epitopes. This approach has been shown to provide protective immunity against the foreign epitopes in many cases. A variety of VLPs and virus‐based nanoparticles are being developed for use as vaccines and epitope platforms. These particles have the potential to increase efficacy of current vaccines as well as treat diseases for which no effective vaccines are available. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2011 3 174–196 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.119 This article is categorized under:
Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Plummer
- Cell Biology Department, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marianne Manchester
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Kee GS, Jin J, Balasundaram B, Bracewell DG, Pujar NS, Titchener-Hooker NJ. Exploiting the intracellular compartmentalization characteristics of the S. cerevisiae host cell for enhancing primary purification of lipid-envelope virus-like particles. Biotechnol Prog 2010; 26:26-33. [PMID: 19856403 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This article demonstrates how the intracellular compartmentalization of the S. cerevisiae host cell can be exploited to impart selectivity during the primary purification of lipid-envelope virus-like particles (VLPs). The hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was used as the VLP model in this study. Expressed HBsAg remain localized on the endoplasmic reticulum and the recovery process involves treating cell homogenate with a detergent for HBsAg liberation. In our proposed strategy, a centrifugation step is introduced immediately following cell disruption but prior to the addition of detergent to allow the elimination of bulk cytosolic contaminants in the supernatant, achieving approximately 70% reduction of contaminating yeast proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Recovery and subsequent treatment of the solids fraction with detergent then releases the HBsAg into a significantly enriched product stream with a yield of approximately 80%. The selectivity of this approach is further enhanced by operating under moderate homogenization pressure conditions ( approximately 400 bar). Observed improvements in the recovery of active HBsAg and reduction of contaminating host lipids were attributed to the low-shear conditions experienced by the HBsAg product and reduced cell fragmentation, which led to lower coextraction of lipids during the detergent step. As a result of the cleaner process stream, the level of product capture during the loading stage of a downstream hydrophobic interaction chromatography stage increased by two-fold leading to a concomitant increase in the chromatography step yield. The lower level of exposure to contaminants is also expected to improve column integrity and lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaik Sui Kee
- Dept. of Biochemical Engineering, Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, U.K
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7
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Expression of dengue virus E glycoprotein domain III in non-nicotine transgenic tobacco plants. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-009-3011-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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8
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Construction of HCV-polytope vaccine candidates harbouring immune-enhancer sequences and primary evaluation of their immunogenicity in BALB/c mice. Virus Genes 2009; 40:44-52. [PMID: 19882243 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-009-0417-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
An efficient vaccine against hepatitis-C virus (HCV) infection requires vigorous and focused CD8(+) T-cell responses against viral antigens. Due to immunosuppressive effect of HCV antigens, polytope vaccines comprising the minimal CD8(+)CTL epitopes are of peculiar concern. Herein, to provide information for construction of efficient HCV polytope vaccine candidates, one H-2D(d) (E2(405-414):E(2)) and two HLA-A*0201 (E1(363-372):E(1) and Core(35-44):C)-restricted CD8(+) T-cell epitopes of HCV were selected. By employing number of in silico analyses, the E(2)E(1)C linear format was predicted as optimum epitope consecution and after amplification by SOEing-PCR, the corresponding DNA sequence was cloned in pcDNA3.1+ vector. To further evaluate the role of immune-enhancer elements, a universal T-helper epitope (PADRE), endoplasmic reticulum signal sequence (ERss) and hepatitis-B surface-antigen (HBsAg) gene were fused separately or in combination to the E(2)E(1)C minigene. In vitro analyses of polytopes by different DNA/protein-based assays demonstrated proper transcription/expression of constructs in transfected cells. Measurement of the HBsAg-mediated particle secretion by ELISA indicated lack of secretion in the related polytopes. Results of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) as a preliminary in vivo analysis, and confirmatory ELISPOT assays showed the proper processing and presentation of H-2D(d)-restricted-E(2) epitope and approved the enhancing effect of PADRE and ERss sequences but not HBsAg for the immune responses against E(2) in immunized BALB/c mice. Our results pointed to the value of in silico predictions and application of immune-enhancer elements as well as DTH analysis for design and primary in vivo evaluation of HCV polytopes, prior to costly transgenic studies on immunogenicity of HLA-A*0201 epitopes.
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Pedro L, Soares SS, Ferreira GNM. Purification of Bionanoparticles. Chem Eng Technol 2008; 31:815-825. [PMID: 32313384 PMCID: PMC7162033 DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200800176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2008] [Accepted: 04/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The recent demand for nanoparticulate products such as viruses, plasmids, protein nanoparticles, and drug delivery systems have resulted in the requirement for predictable and controllable production processes. Protein nanoparticles are an attractive candidate for gene and molecular therapy due to their relatively easy production and manipulation. These particles combine the advantages of both viral and non‐viral vectors while minimizing the disadvantages. However, their successful application depends on the availability of selective and scalable methodologies for product recovery and purification. Downstream processing of nanoparticles depends on the production process, producer system, culture media and on the structural nature of the assembled nanoparticle, i.e., mainly size, shape and architecture. In this paper, the most common processes currently used for the purification of nanoparticles, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pedro
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - S S Soares
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - G N M Ferreira
- IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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Saejung W, Fujiyama K, Takasaki T, Ito M, Hori K, Malasit P, Watanabe Y, Kurane I, Seki T. Production of dengue 2 envelope domain III in plant using TMV-based vector system. Vaccine 2007; 25:6646-54. [PMID: 17659815 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2006] [Revised: 04/07/2007] [Accepted: 06/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The envelope protein of dengue virus is the major protein involved in host cell receptor binding for viral entry and induction of immunity. A gene fragment encoding domain III of the dengue 2 envelope protein (D2EIII, amino acids 298-400) was successfully expressed in Nicotinana benthamiana plant using a tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-based transient expression system. The N-terminal 5' untranslated region-omega sequence located upstream of D2EIII increased protein production in infected plant tissues. The recombinant protein was reactive with anti-D2EIII polyclonal and anti-His tag antibodies. The intramuscular immunization of mice with D2EIII induced the production of the anti-dengue virus antibody. The induced antibody demonstrated neutralizing activity against dengue type 2 virus. The result indicates that the TMV expression system produces the dengue virus antigen in plant, which possesses appropriate antigenicity and immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanida Saejung
- The International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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11
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Zhang ZS, Yan YS, Weng YW, Huang HL, Li SQ, He S, Zhang JM. High-level expression of recombinant dengue virus type 2 envelope domain III protein and induction of neutralizing antibodies in BALB/C mice. J Virol Methods 2007; 143:125-31. [PMID: 17532481 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2006] [Revised: 02/15/2007] [Accepted: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Dengue fever is a growing public health problem in many countries since so far no effective vaccines are available. In this study, the domain III of dengue virus type 2 envelope was expressed in Escherichia coli without fusion of any carrier protein. The recombinant protein was detected in the form of inclusion bodies, which were solubilized in 8M urea and could be purified subsequently by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on an ion exchange column. After refolding, the recombinant protein inhibited the DEN-2 plaque formation on C6/36 cells, demonstrated its function of receptor-interaction was retained. The recombinant protein was inoculated into BALB/c mice to test its immunogenicity and ability to induce neutralizing antibodies. The mice immunized with the purified protein developed high antibody titers. A neutralizing titer of 1:64 was also obtained by a cytopathogenic effect (CPE) inhibition assay in C6/36 cells. Mice challenged with lethal dose of DEN-2 in combination with sera from immunized mice were protected completely. The results suggested that these expression and purification strategies have the potential for development of an inexpensive vaccine.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Cell Line
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Chromatography, Ion Exchange
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral
- Dengue/prevention & control
- Dengue Vaccines/genetics
- Dengue Vaccines/immunology
- Dengue Vaccines/isolation & purification
- Dengue Virus/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Escherichia coli/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neutralization Tests
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/isolation & purification
- Survival Analysis
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/isolation & purification
- Viral Envelope Proteins/chemistry
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
- Viral Envelope Proteins/isolation & purification
- Viral Plaque Assay
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Shan Zhang
- Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jintai Road 76, Fuzhou 35001, China
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12
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Grgacic EVL, Anderson DA. Virus-like particles: passport to immune recognition. Methods 2007; 40:60-5. [PMID: 16997714 PMCID: PMC7128828 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2006.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2006] [Accepted: 07/20/2006] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) are formed by the self-assembly of envelope and/or capsid proteins from many viruses. In many cases such VLPs have structural characteristics and antigenicity similar to the parental virus, and some have already proven successful as vaccines against the cognate virus infection. The structural components of some VLPs have also proven amenable to the insertion or fusion of foreign antigenic sequences, allowing the production of chimeric VLPs exposing the foreign antigen on their surface. Other VLPs have been used as carriers for foreign antigens, including non-protein antigens, via chemical conjugation. This review outlines some of the advantages, disadvantages, and technical considerations for the use of a wide range of VLP systems in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth V L Grgacic
- Macfarlane Burnet Institute for Medical Research and Public Health, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne 3004, Australia.
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Saejung W, Puttikhunt C, Prommool T, Sojikul P, Tanaka R, Fujiyama K, Malasit P, Seki T. Enhancement of recombinant soluble dengue virus 2 envelope domain III protein production in Escherichia coli trxB and gor double mutant. J Biosci Bioeng 2006; 102:333-9. [PMID: 17116581 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.102.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2006] [Accepted: 07/19/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The dengue virus is currently the most important flavivirus causing human diseases in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The envelope protein domain III of dengue virus type 2 (D2EIII), which induces protective and neutralizing antibodies, was expressed as an N-terminal fusion to a hexa-histidine tag in Escherichia coli. The expression of recombinant D2EIII of 103 amino acids in the soluble form can be achieved using suitable host strains, such as Origami, at a low induction temperature of 18 degrees C. The enhanced production of the soluble protein could be attributed to the thioredoxin reductase (trxB) and glutathione reductase (gor) double mutations in the Origami genome. The soluble and refolded D2EIII proteins were recognized by different antibodies including human patient antiserum. The immunization of rats with soluble D2EIII protein elicited the production of antibodies that could recognize the D2EIII protein in the D2EIII precursor protein and in C-terminal truncated dengue envelope protein type 1-4. Thus, this protein production system is suitable for the production of authentic recombinant dengue proteins that may be used in the diagnosis of the dengue virus infection or in vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanida Saejung
- The International Center for Biotechnology, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Pattnaik P, Babu JP, Verma SK, Tak V, Rao PVL. Bacterially expressed and refolded envelope protein (domain III) of dengue virus type-4 binds heparan sulfate. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2006; 846:184-94. [PMID: 17011249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2006.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2006] [Revised: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 08/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
An arboviral infection like dengue fever/dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) with high morbidity and mortality rate are extensively prevalent in several parts of the world. Global efforts have been directed towards development of vaccine for prevention of dengue. However, lack of thorough understanding about biology and pathogenesis of dengue virus restricts us from development of an effective vaccine. Here we report molecular interaction of domain III of envelope protein of dengue virus type-4 with heparan sulfate. A codon optimized synthetic gene encoding domain III of dengue virus type-4 envelope protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified under denaturing conditions, refolded and purified to homogeneity. Refolded Den4-DIII was characterized using biochemical and biophysical methods and shown to be pure and homogeneous. The purified protein was recognized in Western analyses by monoclonal antibody specific for the 6x His tag as well as the H241 monoclonal antibody. The in vitro refolded recombinant protein preparation was biologically functional and found to bind cell free heparan sulfate. This is the first report providing molecular evidence on binding of dengue-4 envelope protein to heparan sulfate. We developed a homology model of dengue-4 envelope protein (domain III) and mapped the possible amino acid residues critical for binding to heparan sulfate. Domain III envelope protein of dengue virus is a lead vaccine candidate. Our findings further the understanding on biology of dengue virus and will help in development of bioassay for the proposed vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyabrata Pattnaik
- Division of Virology, Defense Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior 474002, India.
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15
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Khanam S, Khanna N, Swaminathan S. Induction of neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses by dengue virus type 2 envelope domain III encoded by plasmid and adenoviral vectors. Vaccine 2006; 24:6513-25. [PMID: 16860446 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2006] [Revised: 06/01/2006] [Accepted: 06/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Dengue is a re-emerging public health problem in many developing nations. There is neither a specific antiviral therapy to treat nor a licensed vaccine to prevent dengue infections. In recent years, the carboxy-terminal region of the major dengue virion envelope (E) protein, known as domain III, has emerged as a significant sub-unit vaccine candidate. In this study, we created a recombinant adenovirus capable of expressing the E domain III (EDIII) of dengue virus type 2 (DEN-2) and tested it in combination with a plasmid encoding the same domain to determine its potential as a possible dengue vaccine candidate. We examined the relative efficacies of plasmid prime/Ad boost (P/A) and Ad prime/plasmid boost (A/P) regimens in eliciting DEN-2 virus-specific immune responses. Both regimens resulted in the induction of antibodies that specifically bound to and neutralized the infectivity of DEN-2 virus. Splenocytes from immunized mice, stimulated in vitro, manifested a significant proliferative response accompanied by the production of high levels of interferon-gamma, but moderately elevated levels of interleukin-4, indicative of a predominantly Th1 type response. Based on a comparison of the parameters investigated, the immune response induced by the A/P regimen appeared to be relatively more potent. Our data suggest that EDIII may be valuable in the efforts to develop plasmid- and Ad-vectored dengue vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Khanam
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India
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16
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Jaiswal S, Khanna N, Swaminathan S. High-level expression and one-step purification of recombinant dengue virus type 2 envelope domain III protein in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2004; 33:80-91. [PMID: 14680965 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2003.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2003] [Revised: 09/23/2003] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus infection poses a serious global public health threat for which there is currently no therapy or a licensed vaccine. The domain III of the dengue virus encoded envelope protein, which carries multiple conformation-dependent neutralizing epitopes, is critical for virus infectivity. We have expressed and purified recombinant domain III of dengue virus type-2 envelope, without the aid of a carrier protein in Escherichia coli. A 6x His tag was inserted at the N terminus to facilitate its one-step purification. The protein was overexpressed in the form of insoluble inclusion bodies, which were solubilized under highly denaturing conditions and then subjected to a previously optimized arginine-mediated renaturation protocol. We purified recombinant domain III protein to near homogeneity by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and obtained yields of approximately 30 mg/L. The purified protein was recognized in Western analyses by monoclonal antibodies specific for the 6x His tag as well as the 3H5 neutralizing epitope known to reside in domain III. The authenticity of the recombinant protein was also verified in a sandwich ELISA designed to specifically and simultaneously identify the 6x His tag and the 3H5 epitope. In addition, murine and human polyclonal sera also recognized the recombinant protein. The in vitro refolded recombinant protein preparation was biologically functional. It could effectively protect cells in culture against dengue virus type-2 infection, apparently by blocking the virus from binding to host cells. This expression/purification strategy has the potential for inexpensive scale-up and may prove to be useful for dengue diagnostics and vaccine development efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Jaiswal
- RGP Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, PO Box 10504, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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17
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Bisht H, Chugh DA, Raje M, Swaminathan SS, Khanna N. Recombinant dengue virus type 2 envelope/hepatitis B surface antigen hybrid protein expressed in Pichia pastoris can function as a bivalent immunogen. J Biotechnol 2002; 99:97-110. [PMID: 12270598 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1656(02)00181-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A truncated version of the dengue virus type 2 envelope protein (Den2E) encoding the first 395 amino acid (aa) residues, and Den2E fused in-frame with the full-length 226-aa hepatitis B surface antigen (Den2E-HBsAg) protein were expressed in the methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris. Both the recombinant proteins showed evidence of the capacity to form high molecular weight aggregates. Electron microscopic analysis of the purified proteins showed that while Den2E displayed an amorphous morphology, Den2E-HBsAg existed as well-structured virus-like particles (VLPs). Using immuno-gold electron microscopy, these VLPs were demonstrated to contain both components of the Den2E-HBsAg hybrid protein. Seroanalysis showed that the hybrid VLPs could function in vivo as bivalent immunogens, which could elicit immune responses directed against both components of the hybrid protein, as evidenced by ELISA, immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himani Bisht
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, RGP Laboratory, PO Box 10504, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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