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Chen S, Yao C, Zhou J, Ma H, Jin J, Song W, Kai Z. Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Pesticides, Phthalates, and Heavy Metal Residues in Vegetables from Hydroponic and Conventional Cultivation. Foods 2024; 13:1151. [PMID: 38672824 PMCID: PMC11049364 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydroponic cultivation of fresh produce is gaining popularity worldwide, but few studies have provided a comparative assessment of hydroponic and conventional soil-based vegetables. In this study, we analyzed a series of hazardous chemicals, including 120 pesticides, 18 phthalates (PAEs), and 2 heavy metals (lead and cadmium) in four vegetable commodities (lettuces, celeries, tomatoes, and cucumbers) from hydroponic and conventional soil-based cultivation. Our study showed that at least one pesticide was present in 84% of the conventionally grown samples, whereas only 30% of the hydroponic samples contained detectable pesticide residues. Regarding the total PAE concentrations, there was no significant difference between conventional and hydroponic vegetables. The lead and cadmium residues in conventionally cultivated vegetables were significantly higher than in those produced from hydroponic cultivation. Lead is the primary heavy metal pollutant across all vegetable samples. The hazard index (HI) values of the hydroponic and conventional vegetables were 0.22 and 0.64, respectively. Since both values are below one, the exposure to these hazardous chemicals through consumption of the studied vegetables may not pose a significant health risk. The HI values also suggested that the health risks of eating hydroponic vegetables are lower than for conventional soil-based vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Chen
- Institute of Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (S.C.); (C.Y.); (J.Z.)
| | - Chunxia Yao
- Institute of Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (S.C.); (C.Y.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jiaxin Zhou
- Institute of Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (S.C.); (C.Y.); (J.Z.)
| | - Haiyao Ma
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (H.M.); (J.J.)
| | - Jing Jin
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (H.M.); (J.J.)
| | - Weiguo Song
- Institute of Agro-Food Standards and Testing Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (S.C.); (C.Y.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhenpeng Kai
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China; (H.M.); (J.J.)
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Shih MS, Suk FM, Chiu WC, Lee CY, Hsu FY, Liao YJ. Long-term di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure reduces sorafenib treatment efficacy by enhancing mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116161. [PMID: 38430581 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/04/2024]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a worldwide common plasticizer. Nevertheless, DEHP is easily leached out to the environment due to the lack of covalent bonds with plastic. High dose of DEHP exposure is often observed in hemodialysis patients because of the continual usage of plastic medical devices. Although the liver is the major organ that catabolizes DEHP, the impact of long-term DEHP exposure on the sensitivity of liver cancer to chemotherapy remains unclear. In this study, we established long-term DEHP-exposed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and two NOD/SCID mice models to investigate the effects and the underlying mechanisms of long-term DEHP exposure on chemosensitivity of HCC. The results showed long-term DEHP exposure potentially increased epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HCC cells. Next generation sequencing showed that long-term DEHP exposure increased cell adhesion/migratory related genes expression and blunted sorafenib treatment induced genes alterations. Long-term exposure to DEHP reduced the sensitivity of HCC cells to sorafenib-induced anti-migratory effect by enhancing the EMT transcription factors (slug, twist, and ZEB1) and mesenchymal protein (vimentin) expression. In NOD/SCID mice model, we showed that long-term DEHP-exposed HCC cells exhibited higher growth rate. Regarding the anti-HCC effects of sorafenib, subcutaneous HuH7 tumor grew slowly in sorafenib-treated mice. Nonetheless, the anti-tumor growth effect of sorafenib was not observed in long-term DEHP-exposed mice. Higher mesenchymal markers and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression were found in sorafenib-treated long-term DEHP-exposed mice. In conclusion, long-term DEHP exposure promoted migratory activity in HCC cells and decreased sorafenib sensitivity in tumor-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Syuan Shih
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Shuang-Ho Campus, Taipei 235, Taiwan
| | - Fat-Moon Suk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chun Chiu
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Research Center of Geriatric Nutrition, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ya Lee
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Shuang-Ho Campus, Taipei 235, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Hsu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Shuang-Ho Campus, Taipei 235, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Liao
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Shuang-Ho Campus, Taipei 235, Taiwan; TMU Research Center for Digestive Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.
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3
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Ji S, Guo Y, Ding J, Hong W, Yan Z, Cai Z, Yue H, Qiu X, Sang N. Nontargeted Identification of Organic Components in Fine Particulate Matter Related to Lung Tumor Metastasis Based on an Adverse Outcome Pathway Strategy. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:4083-4091. [PMID: 38373277 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Emerging studies implicate fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its organic components (OCs) as urgent hazard factors for lung cancer progression in nonsmokers. Establishing the adverse outcome pathway (AOP)-directed nontargeted identification method, this study aimed to explore whether PM2.5 exposure in coal-burning areas promoted lung tumor metastasis and how we identify its effective OCs to support traceability and control of regional PM2.5 pollution. First, we used a nude mouse model of lung cancer for PM2.5 exposure and found that the exposure significantly promoted the hematogenous metastases of A549-Luc cells in lung tissues and the adverse outcomes (AOs), with key events (KEs) including the changed expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, such as suppression of E-cad and increased expression of Fib. Subsequently, using AOs and KEs as adverse outcome directors, we identified a total of 35 candidate chemicals based on the in vitro model and nontargeted analysis. Among them, tributyl phosphate (C12H27O4P), 2-bromotetradecane (C14H29Br), and methyl decanoate (C11H22O2) made greater contributions to the AOs. Finally, we clarified the interactions between these OCs and EMT-activating transcription factors (EMT-ATFs) as the molecular initiation event (MIE) to support the feasibility of the above identification strategy. The present study updates a new framework for identifying tumor metastasis-promoting OCs in PM2.5 and provides solid data for screening out chemicals that need priority control in polluted areas posing higher lung cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyang Ji
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, P. R. China
| | - Yuqiong Guo
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, P. R. China
| | - Jinjian Ding
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China
| | - Wenjun Hong
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China
- College of Quality and Safety Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310018, P. R. China
| | - Zhipeng Yan
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, P. R. China
| | - Zhihong Cai
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, P. R. China
| | - Huifeng Yue
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, P. R. China
| | - Xinghua Qiu
- State Key Joint Laboratory for Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and Center for Environment and Health, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China
| | - Nan Sang
- College of Environment and Resource, Research Center of Environment and Health, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030031, P. R. China
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Jang EA, Kim KN, Bae SH. Associations of concentrations of eight urinary phthalate metabolites with the frequency of use of common adult consumer and personal-care products. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5187. [PMID: 38431676 PMCID: PMC10908856 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55929-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study analyzed the relationship between urine concentrations of phthalate metabolites (UCOM) and personal care products (PCPs) used in adults and examined the change in UCOM according to the usage frequency of PCPs based on raw data from the 3rd Korean National Environmental Health Survey conducted between 2015 and 2017. The relationship between PCP use frequency and UCOM was analyzed using multiple regression analysis, adjusting for baseline factors. The regression model consisted of a Crude Model with log-transformed UCOM before and after adjustment for urine creatinine concentrations. Model 1 was additionally adjusted for age, sex, and obesity, while Model 2 was additionally adjusted for smoking, alcohol consumption, pregnancy history, average monthly income of the household, and PCP exposure within the past 2 days. PCP usage frequency was significantly associated with the UCOM without adjustment for urine creatinine and correlated with demographic characteristics, urine creatinine concentration, and PCP exposure within the past 2 days. This study on exposure to urinary phthalates will play a crucial role in Korean public health by aligning with the fundamentals of research priorities and providing representative data on phthalate exposure for conducting population-level studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun A Jang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu Nam Kim
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Hyuk Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222, Banpo-Daero, Seocho-Gu, Seoul, 96591, South Korea.
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5
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Liu Y, Hamid N, Manzoor R, Zhang BF, Liao YL, Wang JX, Pei DS. PPARβ/δ-ANGPTL4 axis mediates the promotion of mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalic acid on MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma development. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168949. [PMID: 38042186 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalic acid (DEHP) is one of the most widely used plasticizers in the industry, which can improve the flexibility and durability of plastics. It is prone to migrate from various daily plastic products through wear and leaching into the surrounding environment and decompose into the more toxic metabolite mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalic acid (MEHP) after entering the human body. However, the impacts and mechanisms of MEHP on neuroblastoma are unclear. We exposed MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma SK-N-BE(2)C cells to an environmentally related concentration of MEHP and found that MEHP increased the proliferation and migration ability of tumor cells. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ pathway was identified as a pivotal signaling pathway in neuroblastoma, mediating the effects of MEHP through transcriptional sequencing analysis. Because MEHP can bind to the PPARβ/δ protein and initiate the expression of the downstream gene angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), the PPARβ/δ-specific agonist GW501516 and antagonist GSK3787, the recombinant human ANGPTL4 protein, and the knockdown of gene expression confirmed the regulation of the PPARβ/δ-ANGPTL4 axis on the malignant phenotype of neuroblastoma. Based on the critical role of PPARβ/δ and ANGPTL4 in the metabolic process, a non-targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that MEHP altered multiple metabolic pathways, particularly lipid metabolites involving fatty acyls, glycerophospholipids, and sterol lipids, which may also be potential factors promoting tumor progression. We have demonstrated for the first time that MEHP can target binding to PPARβ/δ and affect the progression of neuroblastoma by activating the PPARβ/δ-ANGPTL4 axis. This mechanism confirms the health risks of plasticizers as tumor promoters and provides new data support for targeted prevention and treatment of neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Liu
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Naima Hamid
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Ocean Pollution and Ecotoxicology (OPEC) Research Group, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Rakia Manzoor
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Bao-Fu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan-Ling Liao
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jin-Xia Wang
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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6
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Pérez PA, Toledo J, Vitellini F, Cuello VN, Cantarelli V, Ponzio M, Mukdsi JH, Gutiérrez S. Environmentally relevant DEHP exposure during gestational and lactational period inhibits filamin a testicular expression. J Mol Histol 2023; 54:509-520. [PMID: 37572267 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-023-10144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Toxicological studies have revealed that DEHP exposure during pregnancy may induce developmental disorders, especially in male offspring, leading to morphological and functional alterations in the reproductive system by mechanisms that should be investigated. Thus, the aim of this work was to analyze the testicular toxicity induced by an environmentally relevant DEHP dose during development and its impact on FLNA, a protein that participates in the blood-testis barrier assembly. We used male Wistar rats exposed to DEHP during pregnancy and lactation. The results showed that DEHP exposure during development and lactation increased body weight, decreased gonadal weight and shortened anogenital distance. This phthalate induced morphological changes in the testis, suggestive of hypospermatogenesis. DEHP exposure decreased the number of FLNA positive cells and the expression of FLNA and claudin-1 in prepubertal testes. Furthermore, DEHP inhibited FLNA and claudin-1 protein expression in adult male rats. These results indicated that exposure to DEHP during gestation and lactation perturbed testis development and suggested that FLNA is a target protein of DEHP, possibly contributing to the phthalate-induced damage on BTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo A Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jonathan Toledo
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Facundo Vitellini
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Victoria Navall Cuello
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Verónica Cantarelli
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marina Ponzio
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jorge H Mukdsi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Córdoba, Argentina
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Silvina Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Córdoba, Argentina.
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
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7
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Graceli JB, da Costa CS, Laws MJ, Deviney ARK, Meling D, Flaws JA. Chronic exposure to a mixture of phthalates shifts the white and brown adipose tissue phenotypes in female mice. Toxicol Sci 2023; 193:204-218. [PMID: 37021957 PMCID: PMC10230284 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfad032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Phthalates are endocrine-disrupting chemicals used in consumer products. Although phthalates are obesogens and affect metabolic function, it is unknown if chronic exposure for 6 months to a phthalate mixture alters adipose tissue phenotype in female mice. After vehicle or mixture exposure, white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue (WAT and BAT) were analyzed for expression of adipogenesis, proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and collagen deposition markers. The mixture altered WAT morphology, leading to an increase in hyperplasia, blood vessel number, and expression of BAT markers (Adipoq and Fgf2) in WAT. The mixture increased the expression of the inflammatory markers, Il1β, Ccl2, and Ccl5, in WAT. The mixture also increased expression of the proapoptotic (Bax and Bcl2) and antiapoptotic (Bcl2l10) factors in WAT. The mixture increased expression of the antioxidant Gpx1 in WAT. The mixture changed BAT morphology by increasing adipocyte diameter, whitening area, and blood vessel number and decreased expression of the thermogenic markers Ucp1, Pgargc1a, and Adrb3. Furthermore, the mixture increased the expression of adipogenic markers Plin1 and Cebpa, increased mast cell number, and increased Il1β expression in BAT. The mixture also increased expression of the antioxidant markers Gpx and Nrf2 and the apoptotic marker Casp2 in BAT. Collectively, these data indicate that chronic exposure to a phthalate mixture alters WAT and BAT lipid metabolism phenotypes in female mice, leading to an apparent shift in their normal morphology. Following long-term exposure to a phthalate mixture, WAT presented BAT-like features and BAT presented WAT-like features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jones B Graceli
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Charles S da Costa
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Mary J Laws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Ashley R K Deviney
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Daryl Meling
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Sarangi P, Pradhan LK, Sahoo PK, Chauhan NR, Das SK. Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate-induced neurobehavioural transformation is associated with altered glutathione biosynthesis and neurodegeneration in zebrafish brain. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:501-514. [PMID: 37131059 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01197-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of life-sustaining environments with synthetic pollutants such as plastic-derived compounds has increased at an alarming rate in recent decades. Among such contaminants, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is an extensively used compound in plastics and plastic products to make them flexible. DEHP causes several adverse effects such as reproductive toxicity leading to infertility, miscarriage and litter size reduction, disruption of the thyroid endocrine system, oxidative stress, neurodevelopmental defect and cognitive impairment. An aquatic environment is a fragile site, where the accumulation of DEHP poses a significant threat to living organisms. In this context, the present study focused on whether the neurobehavioural transformation following exposure to DEHP is an outcome of augmented oxidative stress and neuromorphological alteration in the zebrafish brain. Our preliminary findings advocate that DEHP acts as a typical neurotoxicant in inducing neurobehavioural transformation in zebrafish. Furthermore, our study also supports the idea that DEHP itself acts as a potent neurotoxicant by altering the glutathione biosynthetic pathway through the induction of oxidative stress in the zebrafish brain. Similarly, our findings also link the abovementioned neurobehavioural transformation and oxidative stress with augmented neuronal pyknosis and chromatin condensation in the periventricular grey zone of the zebrafish brain following chronic exposure to DEHP. Therefore, the overall conclusion of the present study advocates the potential role of DEHP in inducing neuropathological manifestation in the zebrafish brain. Future research directed towards elucidating the neuroprotective efficacy of natural compounds against DEHP-induced neurotoxicity may provide a new line of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerana Sarangi
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Lilesh Kumar Pradhan
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Pradyumna Kumar Sahoo
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India
| | - Nishant Ranjan Chauhan
- Infectious Disease Biology Division, Institute of Life Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751023, India
| | - Saroj Kumar Das
- Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to Be University), Kalinga Nagar, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India.
- P.G. Department of Life Sciences, Sri Krushna Chandra Gajapati (Autonomous) College, Paralakhemundi, Gajapati, 761200, India.
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9
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Nguyen AV, Van Vu T, Pham CLT, Nguyen VN, Ta NT, Hoang AQ, Minh TB, Tran TM. Widespread distribution of phthalic acid esters in indoor and ambient air samples collected from Hanoi, Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:63175-63184. [PMID: 36959402 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26558-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, distribution characteristics of ten typical phthalic acid esters (PAEs) were investigated in 90 air samples collected from the urban areas in Hanoi, Vietnam from May to August 2022. The total concentrations of PAEs in indoor and ambient air samples were in the range of 320-4770 ng/m3 and 35.9-133 ng/m3, respectively. Total concentrations of PAEs in indoor air were about one order of magnitude higher than those in ambient air. Among PAEs studied, di-(2-ethyl)hexyl phthalate (DEHP) was measured at the highest levels in all air samples, followed by di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP). The PAEs concentrations in air samples collected from laboratories at nighttime were significantly higher than those during daytime (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the distributions of PAEs in various micro-environments in the same house are no statistically significant difference. The median exposure doses of PAEs through inhalation for adults and children were 248 and 725 ng/kg-bw/d, respectively. These exposure levels were still lower than the respective reference doses (RfD) proposed by the US EPA for selected compounds such as diethyl phthalate (DEP), DnBP, and DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Viet Nguyen
- University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Vietnam Institute of Industrial Chemistry, 2 Pham Ngu Lao, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tu Van Vu
- University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chi Linh Thi Pham
- University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Viet Ngoc Nguyen
- Vietnam Institute of Industrial Chemistry, 2 Pham Ngu Lao, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thuy Ta
- Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anh Quoc Hoang
- University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tu Binh Minh
- University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tri Manh Tran
- University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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10
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Zhang Y, Feng H, Tian A, Zhang C, Song F, Zeng T, Zhao X. Long-term exposure to low-dose Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate aggravated high fat diet-induced obesity in female mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 253:114679. [PMID: 36841080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The potential obesogenic roles of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) have attracted great attention. The current study aimed to evaluate the combined effects of chronic low-dose DEHP (0.05 mg/kg BW) and a high-fat diet (HFD) on obesity in female mice and explore the underlying mechanisms. We found that low-dose DEHP challenge for 29 weeks increased fat accumulation both in CD- and HFD-fed mice and significantly accelerated the weight gain without affecting food intake in HFD-fed mice. DEHP exposure reduced the energy metabolism, down-regulated the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and total oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) proteins expression in the brown adipose tissue, and up-regulated the PPARγ expression and its phosphorylation at Ser273 in white adipose tissue (WAT). Besides, the combination of DEHP and HFD drove the remodeling of gut microbiota of mice, characterized by the reduced richness and diversity and the elevated Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) analysis revealed that DEHP and HFD cotreatment led to a decrease in levels of acetic acid, butyric acid, and pentanoic acid. Interestingly, sodium butyrate (NaB) significantly inhibited the adipogenesis and lipid accumulation of NIH/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblasts (PPARγ2 overexpression) and the PPARγ phosphorylation at Ser273 induced by DEHP or MEHP. These findings demonstrate that chronic low-dose DEHP challenge could prompt fat accumulation by increasing PPARγ phosphorylation at Ser273 and decreasing thermogenesis in BAT, which might be associated with the SCFAs reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Heping Feng
- Linyi Center for Disease Control & Prevention, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Ao Tian
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Cuili Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Fuyong Song
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China.
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11
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Fang Y, Chen Z, Chen J, Zhou M, Chen Y, Cao R, Liu C, Zhao K, Wang M, Zhang H. Dose-response mapping of MEHP exposure with metabolic changes of trophoblast cell and determination of sensitive markers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 855:158924. [PMID: 36152845 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) is a metabolite of DEHP which is one of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) widely used in daily necessities. Moreover, MEHP has been proven to have stronger biological toxicity comparing to DEHP. In particular, several recent population-based studies have reported that intrauterine exposure to MEHP results in adverse pregnancy outcomes. To explore the mechanisms and metabolic biomarkers of MEHP exposure, we examined the metabolic status of HTR-8/Svneo cell lines exposed to different doses of MEHP (0, 1.25, 5.0, 20 μM). Global and dose-response metabolomics tools were used to identify metabolic perturbations and sensitive markers associated with MEHP. Only 22 metabolic features (accounted for <1 %) were significantly changed when exposed to 1.25 μM. However, when the exposure dose was increased to 5 or 20 μM, the number of significantly changed metabolic features exceeded 300 (approximately 10 %). In particular, amino acid metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism and glutathione metabolism were widely affected according to the enrich analysis of those significant altered metabolites, which has and have previously been reported to be closely related to fetal development. Moreover, 5'-UMP and N-acetylputrescine with the lowest effective concentrations (EC-10 = 0.1 μM and EC+10 = 0.11 μM, respectively) were identified as sensitive endogenous biomarkers of MEHP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Fang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Zhiliang Chen
- Wuhan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Wuhan 430015, PR China
| | - Jinyu Chen
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Minqi Zhou
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Yuanyao Chen
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Rong Cao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- Wuhan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Wuhan 430015, PR China.
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, PR China.
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12
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Bashir ST, Chiu K, Zheng E, Martinez A, Chiu J, Raj K, Stasiak S, Lai NZE, Arcanjo RB, Flaws JA, Nowak RA. Subchronic exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate differentially affects the colon and ileum in adult female mice. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136680. [PMID: 36209858 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a large-molecular-weight phthalate added to plastics to impart versatile properties. DEHP can be found in medical equipment and devices, food containers, building materials, and children's toys. Although DEHP exposure occurs most commonly by ingesting contaminated foods in the majority of the population, its effects on the gastrointestinal tract have not been well studied. Therefore, we analyzed the effects of subchronic exposure to DEHP on the ileum and colon morphology, gene expression, and immune microenvironment. Adult C57BL/6 female mice were orally dosed with corn oil (control, n = 7) or DEHP (0.02, 0.2, or 30 mg/kg, n = 7/treatment dose) for 30-34 days. Mice were euthanized during diestrus, and colon and ileum tissues were collected for RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Subchronic DEHP exposure in the ileum altered the expression of several immune-mediating factors (Muc1, Lyz1, Cldn1) and cell viability factors (Bcl2 and Aifm1). Similarly, DEHP exposure in the colon impacted the gene expression of factors involved in mediating immune responses (Muc3a, Zo2, Ocln, Il6, and Il17a); and also altered the expression of cell viability factors (Ki67, Bcl2, Cdk4, and Aifm1) as well as a specialized epithelial cell marker (Vil1). Immunohistochemical analysis of the ileum showed DEHP increased expression of VIL1, CLDN1, and TNF and decreased number of T-cells in the villi. Histological analysis of the colon showed DEHP altered morphology and reduced cell proliferation. Moreover, in the colon, DEHP increased the expression of MUC2, MUC1, VIL1, CLDN1, and TNF. DEHP also increased the number of T-cells and Type 2 immune cells in the colon. These data suggest that subchronic DEHP exposure differentially affects the ileum and colon and alters colonic morphology and the intestinal immune microenvironment. These results have important implications for understanding the effects of DEHP on the gastrointestinal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shah Tauseef Bashir
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Karen Chiu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Eileen Zheng
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Angel Martinez
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Justin Chiu
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kishori Raj
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Sandra Stasiak
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Nastasia Zhen Ee Lai
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Rachel B Arcanjo
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Romana A Nowak
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
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13
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Vitamin C mitigates hematological and biochemical alterations caused by di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate toxicity in female albino mice, Mus musculus. COMPARATIVE CLINICAL PATHOLOGY 2022; 31:1005-1016. [PMID: 36247333 PMCID: PMC9540055 DOI: 10.1007/s00580-022-03400-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is ubiquitous environmental contaminant and identified as endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC), present in plastics as plasticizer. Due to its versatile use, human exposure level reaches to danger limit. The main focus of our study is to see the effect of vitamin C on hematological and biochemical alterations caused by Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate toxicity in female albino mice, Mus musculus. It is found to cause defects of the liver, kidney, and lungs. Its anti-androgenic nature brings the main focus on its toxicity associated with reproductive and endocrine system. In this experimental study, 18 young female Swiss albino mice, Mus musculus, were used and divided into 3 groups of 6 animals each as control (corn oil vehicle), DEHP group (100 mg/kg body weight dissolved in corn oil), and DEHP + vitamin-C group (100 mg/kg body weight each, dissolved in corn oil and double distilled water, respectively) for 90 days. In this research, serum metabolites were evaluated to study the effect of DEHP on glucose, total protein, and lipid profile along with some hematological, enzymological, and oxidative stress parameters. Simultaneously, we compared the effectiveness of vitamin-C against DEHP toxicity to mitigate the serum homeostasis disturbance. In present study, we observed, in DEHP-treated animals, glucose, triglycerides, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), total protein, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), acid phosphatase (ACP), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels increased remarkably, whereas total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins (HDL), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total RBC count, total WBC count, and hemoglobin (Hb) level significantly decreased as compared to control group. In addition, we noticed there was a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and increase in levels of lipid peroxidation (MDA) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in DEHP treatment group as compared to control group. The results indicated vitamin C had a better improving effect against DEHP toxicity on balancing metabolic abnormalities and inflammation-related comorbidities.
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14
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Kobets T, Smith BPC, Williams GM. Food-Borne Chemical Carcinogens and the Evidence for Human Cancer Risk. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182828. [PMID: 36140952 PMCID: PMC9497933 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Commonly consumed foods and beverages can contain chemicals with reported carcinogenic activity in rodent models. Moreover, exposures to some of these substances have been associated with increased cancer risks in humans. Food-borne carcinogens span a range of chemical classes and can arise from natural or anthropogenic sources, as well as form endogenously. Important considerations include the mechanism(s) of action (MoA), their relevance to human biology, and the level of exposure in diet. The MoAs of carcinogens have been classified as either DNA-reactive (genotoxic), involving covalent reaction with nuclear DNA, or epigenetic, involving molecular and cellular effects other than DNA reactivity. Carcinogens are generally present in food at low levels, resulting in low daily intakes, although there are some exceptions. Carcinogens of the DNA-reactive type produce effects at lower dosages than epigenetic carcinogens. Several food-related DNA-reactive carcinogens, including aflatoxins, aristolochic acid, benzene, benzo[a]pyrene and ethylene oxide, are recognized by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as causes of human cancer. Of the epigenetic type, the only carcinogen considered to be associated with increased cancer in humans, although not from low-level food exposure, is dioxin (TCDD). Thus, DNA-reactive carcinogens in food represent a much greater risk than epigenetic carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Kobets
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-914-594-3105; Fax: +1-914-594-4163
| | - Benjamin P. C. Smith
- Future Ready Food Safety Hub, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Gary M. Williams
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
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15
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Zhao Y, Chen MS, Wang JX, Cui JG, Zhang H, Li XN, Li JL. Connexin-43 is a promising target for lycopene preventing phthalate-induced spermatogenic disorders. J Adv Res 2022:S2090-1232(22)00203-X. [PMID: 36087924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Male infertility is a multifactorial pathological condition and may be a harbinger of future health. Phthalates are ubiquitous environmental contaminants that have been implicated in the global decline in male fertility. Among them, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is the most prevalently used. Lycopene (LYC) is a possible preventive and therapeutic agent for male infertility owing to its antioxidant properties. The blood-testis barrier (BTB) is formed between Sertoli cells where it creates a unique microenvironment for spermatogenesis. OBJECTIVES We hypothesize that phthalate caused male infertility and LYC plays an important role in phthalate-induced male fertility disorders. METHODS Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, ultrastructure observation, and fluorescence microscopy were used to examine the morphological changes. RNA-Seq, and western blotting were conducted to detect gene and protein levels. Routine testing for sperm morphology and sperm-egg binding assay were conducted to examine the morphological structure and function of sperm. Cell scratch assay and transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) were used to detect cell migration capacity and barrier integrity. RESULTS In vivo experiments, we showed that LYC prevented DEHP-induced impairment of BTB integrity, which provided a guarantee for the smooth progress of spermatogenesis. LYC improved DEHP-induced change in sperm parameters and fertilization ability. Subsequent in vitro experiments, LYC alleviated MEHP-induced disruption of intercellular junctions in mouse Spermatogonia cells (GC-1 cells) and mouse Sertoli cells (TM4 cells). In MEHP-induced BTB impairment models of Sertoli cells, treatment with LYC or overexpressing connexin-43 (Cx43) promoted cell migration capacity and normalized BTB integrity. Cx43 knockdown inhibited cell migration capacity and perturbed BTB reassembly in LYC preventing DEHP-induced BTB impairment. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence for the role of LYC in phthalates-induced spermatogenic disorders and points to Cx43 as a potential target for male fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Shan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Xin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Gen Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Nan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, P.R. China.
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16
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Zhou P, Wu S, Huang D, Wang K, Su X, Yang R, Shao C, Wu J. Oral exposure to DEHP may stimulate prostatic hyperplasia associated with upregulation of COX-2 and L-PGDS expressions in male adult rats. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 112:160-170. [PMID: 35905844 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a typical environmental endocrine disruptor (EED), can disrupt estrogen and androgen secretion and metabolism process, thus inducing dysfunctional reproduction such as impaired gonadal development and spermatogenesis disorder. Prostaglandin synthases (PGS) catalyze various prostaglandins biosynthesis, involved in inflammatory cascade and tumorigenesis. Yet, little is known about how PGS may impact prostatic hyperplasia development and progression. This study concentrates predominantly on the potential prostatic toxicity of DEHP exposure and the mediating role of PGS. In vivo study, adult male rats were administered via oral gavage 30 μg/kg/d, 90 μg/kg/d, 270 μg/kg/d, 810 μg/kg/d DEHP or vehicle for four weeks. The results elucidated that low-dose DEHP may cause the proliferation of the prostate with an increased PCNA/TUNEL ratio. Given the importance of estrogens and androgens in prostatic hyperplasia, our first objective was to evaluate the levels of sex hormones. DEHP improved the ratio of estradiol (E2)/testosterone (T) in a dose-dependent manner and upregulated estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and androgen receptor (AR) expressions. Prostaglandin synthases, including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS), were significantly upregulated in the ventral prostate. COX-2 and L-PGDS might mediate the tendency of prostatic hyperplasia induced by low-dose DEHP through estradiol/androgen regulation and imbalance between proliferation and apoptosis in vivo. These findings provide the first evidence that prostaglandin synthases contribute to the tendency toward benign prostatic hyperplasia induced by DEHP. Further investigations will have to be performed to facilitate an improved understanding of the role of prostaglandin synthases in DEHP-induced prostatic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhou
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School ️of Pharmacy, Fudan University, China
| | - Shuangshuang Wu
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School ️of Pharmacy, Fudan University, China
| | - Dongyan Huang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School ️of Pharmacy, Fudan University, China
| | - Kaiyue Wang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School ️of Pharmacy, Fudan University, China
| | - Xin Su
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School ️of Pharmacy, Fudan University, China
| | - Rongfu Yang
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School ️of Pharmacy, Fudan University, China
| | - Congcong Shao
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School ️of Pharmacy, Fudan University, China
| | - Jianhui Wu
- NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies), School ️of Pharmacy, Fudan University, China.
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Fan Y, Xu Q, Qian H, Tao C, Wan T, Li Z, Yan W, Niu R, Huang Y, Chen M, Xu Q, Martin EM, Wang X, Qin Y, Lu C. High-fat diet aggravates prenatal low-dose DEHP exposure induced spermatogenesis disorder: Characterization of testicular metabolic patterns in mouse offspring. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 298:134296. [PMID: 35301995 PMCID: PMC9533191 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used plasticizer and has been identified as a male prenatal reproductive toxicant. A high fat diet (HFD) has also been suggested as another potential disruptor of male reproductive function. Despite this potential synergism between DEHP exposure and HFD, little is known about the concomitant effects of prenatal DEHP and a subsequent HFD exposure on male offspring reproductive injury. Here we established a mouse model of prenatal exposure to DEHP (0.2 mg/kg/day) to assess the testicular development and spermatogenesis in offspring subjected to obesogenic diet during the pubertal period. Gross phenotype, hormone profiles and the testicular metabolome were analyzed to determine the underlying mechanism. We found that prenatal exposure to low-dose DEHP resulted in decreased sperm density, decreased testosterone (T) levels, increased luteinizing hormone (LH) levels and testicular germ cell apoptosis. Furthermore, these injury phenotypes were aggravated by pubertal HFD treatment. Testicular riboflavin and biotin metabolites were enriched implying their roles in contributing HFD to exacerbate offspring spermatogenesis disorders due to prenatal low-dose DEHP exposure. Our findings suggest that pubertal HFD exacerbates reproductive dysfunction associated with prenatal exposure to low-dose DEHP in male adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Department of Microbes and Infection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Qiaoqiao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Hong Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Chengzhe Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Tingya Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Wenkai Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Rui Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yuna Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Minjian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Qiujin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
| | - Elizabeth M Martin
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, 111 TW Alexander Drive, NC, 27707, USA
| | - Xinru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Yufeng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Department of Microbes and Infection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
| | - Chuncheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China.
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Goh CJH, Cui L, Wong JH, Lewis J, Goh M, Kong KW, Yang LK, Alfatah M, Kanagasundaram Y, Hoon S, Arumugam P. Diethyl phthalate (DEP) perturbs nitrogen metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10237. [PMID: 35715465 PMCID: PMC9205984 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14284-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalates are ubiquitously used as plasticizers in various consumer care products. Diethyl phthalate (DEP), one of the main phthalates, elicits developmental and reproductive toxicities but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Chemogenomic profiling of DEP in S. cerevisiae revealed that two transcription factors Stp1 and Dal81 involved in the Ssy1-Ptr5-Ssy5 (SPS) amino acid-sensing pathway provide resistance to DEP. Growth inhibition of yeast cells by DEP was stronger in poor nitrogen medium in comparison to nitrogen-rich medium. Addition of amino acids to nitrogen-poor medium suppressed DEP toxicity. Catabolism of amino acids via the Ehrlich pathway is required for suppressing DEP toxicity. Targeted metabolite analyses showed that DEP treatment alters the amino acid profile of yeast cells. We propose that DEP inhibits the growth of yeast cells by affecting nitrogen metabolism and discuss the implications of our findings on DEP-mediated toxic effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Liang Cui
- Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, Singapore, 138602, Singapore
| | - Jin Huei Wong
- Bioinformatics Institute, 30 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Jacqueline Lewis
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Megan Goh
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Kiat Whye Kong
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Lay Kien Yang
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Mohammad Alfatah
- Bioinformatics Institute, 30 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Yoganathan Kanagasundaram
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Shawn Hoon
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Prakash Arumugam
- Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore. .,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551, Singapore.
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Phthalate monoesters act through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the mouse ovary. Reprod Toxicol 2022; 110:113-123. [PMID: 35421560 PMCID: PMC9749796 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Widespread use of phthalates as solvents and plasticizers leads to everyday human exposure. The mechanisms by which phthalate metabolites act as ovarian toxicants are not fully understood. Thus, this study tested the hypothesis that the phthalate metabolites monononyl phthalate (MNP), monoisononyl phthalate (MiNP), mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), monobutyl phthalate (MBP), monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP), and monoethyl phthalate (MEP) act through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in mouse granulosa cells. Primary granulosa cells were isolated from CD-1 mice and cultured with vehicle control (dimethyl sulfoxide) or MNP, MiNP, MEHP, MBzP, MBP, MiBP, or MEP (0.4-400 μM) for 24 h. Following culture, qPCR was performed for known PPAR targets, Fabp4 and Cd36. Treatment with the phthalate metabolites led to significant changes in Fabp4 and Cd36 expression relative to control in dose-dependent or nonmonotonic fashion. Primary granulosa cell cultures were also transfected with a DNA plasmid containing luciferase expressed under the control of a consensus PPAR response element. MNP, MiNP, MEHP, and MBzP caused dose-dependent changes in expression of luciferase, indicating the presence of functional endogenous PPAR receptors in the granulosa cells that respond to phthalate metabolites. The effects of phthalate metabolites on PPAR target genes were inhibited in most of the cultures by co-treatment with the PPAR-γ inhibitor, T0070907, or with the PPAR-α inhibitor, GW6471. Collectively, these data suggest that some phthalate metabolites may act through endogenous PPAR nuclear receptors in the ovary and that the differing structures of the phthalates result in different levels of activity.
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20
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Soltani A, Abroun S, Abbasnejadshani F, Gholampour MA. Effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells exposed to endocrine-disrupting chemicals on the differentiation of umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:39903-39913. [PMID: 35112247 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17787-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), a class of peripheral toxic substances, can cause many environmental and clinical side effects, particularly on the human body's endocrine system. Bisphenol A (BPA) and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) are two well-known EDCs in the medicine industry. However, there are no comprehensive studies on their effects on hematopoiesis. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the effect of these two aforementioned substances on the clonogenic capacity of umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem cells (CB-HSCs). The HSCs which express CD34 + were isolated from umbilical cord blood by the magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) system. To investigate the effects of different optimized concentrations of BPA and DEHP, CB-CD34+ HSCs were exposed to EDCs in semisolid medium. For evaluation of coexposures, CB-CD34+ HSCs were cocultured with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in the presence of BPA and DEHP. Finally, the number and types of colonies were evaluated after 14 days. Statistical analysis was performed by GraphPad Prism through ANOVA. CB-HSC treated by BPA and DEHP showed a lower absolute colony count than the control group (P < 0.05). Decrease in clonogenic potential of HSCs was more significant in coculture condition by MSCs. In particular, there was a significant decrease in the BFU-E colonies in comedicated-derived fractions (P < 0.0001). In the presence of EDCs such as BPA and DEHP, the patterns of differentiation in CD34+ CB-HSCs changed from suppressed erythroid differentiation toward stimulated myelogenesis pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Soltani
- Department of Medical Science, Islamic Azad University, Aligudarz, Lorestan, Iran
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Khomein University of Medical Science, Khomein, Iran
| | - Saeid Abroun
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Khomein University of Medical Science, Khomein, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Abbasnejadshani
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Khomein University of Medical Science, Khomein, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Gholampour
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Khomein University of Medical Science, Khomein, Iran
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21
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Yamada T, Lake BG, Cohen SM. Evaluation of the human hazard of the liver and lung tumors in mice treated with permethrin based on mode of action. Crit Rev Toxicol 2022; 52:1-31. [PMID: 35275035 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2022.2035316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The non-genotoxic synthetic pyrethroid insecticide permethrin produced hepatocellular adenomas and bronchiolo-alveolar adenomas in female CD-1 mice, but not in male CD-1 mice or in female or male Wistar rats. Studies were performed to evaluate possible modes of action (MOAs) for permethrin-induced female CD-1 mouse liver and lung tumor formation. The MOA for liver tumor formation by permethrin involves activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), increased hepatocellular proliferation, development of altered hepatic foci, and ultimately liver tumors. This MOA is similar to that established for other PPARα activators and is considered to be qualitatively not plausible for humans. The MOA for lung tumor formation by permethrin involves interaction with Club cells, followed by a mitogenic effect resulting in Club cell proliferation, with prolonged administration producing Club cell hyperplasia and subsequently formation of bronchiolo-alveolar adenomas. Although the possibility that permethrin exposure may potentially result in enhancement of Club cell proliferation in humans cannot be completely excluded, there is sufficient information on differences in basic lung anatomy, physiology, metabolism, and biologic behavior of tumors in the general literature to conclude that humans are quantitatively less sensitive to agents that increase Club cell proliferation and lead to tumor formation in mice. The evidence strongly indicates that Club cell mitogens are not likely to lead to increased susceptibility to lung tumor development in humans. Overall, based on MOA evaluation it is concluded that permethrin does not pose a tumorigenic hazard for humans, this conclusion being supported by negative data from permethrin epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Yamada
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Company, Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Brian G Lake
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Samuel M Cohen
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Havlik-Wall Professor of Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 983135 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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22
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Yuan YZ, Ye C, Sun JH, Hu MY, Huo SJ, Zhu YT, Xiang SY, Yu SQ. Toxicokinetics of mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate with low-dose exposure applying fluorescence tracing technique. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 434:115814. [PMID: 34843800 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) belongs to environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EEDCs) and can be rapidly hydrolyzed into the ultimate toxicant mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP). In this study, we used 5-aminofluorescein modified MEHP (MEHP-AF) as a fluorescence tracer to explore the toxicokinetics, including toxicokinetic parameters, absorption and transport across the intestinal mucosal barrier, distribution and pathological changes of organs. While the dose was as lower than 10 mg/kg by intragastric administration, the toxicokinetic parameters obtained by fluorescence microplate method were similar to those with the literatures by chromatography. MEHP-AF can be rapidly absorbed through the intestinal mucosal barrier in rats. In situ organ distribution in mice showed that MEHP-AF was mainly concentrated in the liver, kidney and testis. Our results suggested that the fluorescence tracing technique had the advantages with easy processing, less time-consuming, higher sensitivity for the quantitative determination, In addition, this technology also avoids the interference of exogenous or endogenous DEHP and MEHP in the experimental system. It also can be utilized to the visualization detection of MEHP in situ localization in the absorption organ and the toxic target organ. The results show that this may be a more feasible MEHP toxicological research method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhen Yuan
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Ye
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Hui Sun
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Yuan Hu
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Shao-Jie Huo
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ting Zhu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China
| | - Su-Yun Xiang
- College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shu-Qin Yu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Panner Selvam MK, Sikka SC. Role of endocrine disruptors in male infertility and impact of COVID-19 on male reproduction. REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC8864147 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-89773-0.00059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies suggest strong association of endocrine disruptors (EDs) with impaired male reproduction. High levels of polychlorinated biphenyls in serum are associated with low sperm count and poor fertility. A high dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane (DDT) concentration results in low serum testosterone (T) and poor semen quality. DDT stimulates estrogen production by acting as estrogen receptor agonist and potent androgen receptor antagonist. Phthalates, another group of EDs, induce seminiferous tubule degeneration with impaired spermatogenesis via disruption of gene expression that regulates cholesterol and lipid homeostasis resulting in low T. Bisphenol A, a strong exogenous estrogen with antiandrogen effect, lowers serum follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and T, resulting in impaired development of seminiferous tubules and spermatogenesis. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalates can exert their antiandrogenic action by directly inhibiting testosterone biosynthesis via cytochrome P-450 dysfunction. Since these EDs are commonly found in plastic bottles, cosmetics, pesticides, some metal food cans, etc., and accumulate in the environment, it is very important to observe caution and avoid their exposure. This updated chapter also reviews the impact of COVID-19-related infection on male reproduction.
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24
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Shao WC, Zang YY, Ma HY, Ling YE, Kai ZP. Concentrations and Related Health Risk Assessment of Pesticides, Phthalates, and Heavy Metals in Strawberries from Shanghai, China. J Food Prot 2021; 84:2116-2122. [PMID: 34347862 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-21-165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT In the present study, a risk assessment of pesticides, phthalates, and heavy metals in strawberries (n = 335) in recent years was conducted by determining the estimated daily intake, target hazard quotient, and hazard index. The study used 128 pesticides, 18 phthalates, and three heavy metals in this determination. It detected 51 pesticide residues in the strawberry samples, and 97.91% samples had levels of at least 1 of the 51 pesticides above the limit of detection. In addition, 2.39% of samples had pesticides higher than the Chinese maximum residue limit. Multiple pesticide residues were detected in most samples. Bis-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, diisobutyl phthalate, and dibutyl phthalate were detected in the strawberry samples, with a high frequency of detection. Their detectable rates were 100, 100, and 89.9%, respectively. In most samples, lead, cadmium, and nickel were detected, with detectable rates 75.76, 92.93, and 92.93%, respectively. The estimated daily intake of analyzed pesticide, phthalate, and heavy metal residues appears to be relatively low compared with the acceptable daily intake. The average target hazard quotients and hazard indices were less than 1. That means that customers who are exposed to the average contaminant levels may not pose a significant health risk. Our results show that the strawberries may be polluted by many kinds of contaminants. Therefore, monitoring of pesticide, phthalate, and heavy metal residues in strawberries should be increasingly developed to fully protect the health of the consumer. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ce Shao
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang-Yang Zang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yao Ma
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, People's Republic of China
| | - Y E Ling
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Peng Kai
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, People's Republic of China
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25
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MEHP induces alteration of mitochondrial function and inhibition of steroid biosynthesis in MA-10 mouse tumor Leydig cells. Toxicology 2021; 463:152985. [PMID: 34627990 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.152985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer that is widely used in manufacturing. Previous studies have shown that mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), the active metabolite of DEHP, has inhibitory effects on luteinizing hormone (LH)-stimulated steroid biosynthesis by Leydig cells. The molecular mechanisms underlying its effects, however, remain unclear. In the present study, we examined the effects of MEHP on changes in mitochondrial function in relationship to reduced progesterone formation by MA-10 mouse tumor Leydig cells. Treatment of MA-10 cells with MEHP (0-300 μM for 24 h) resulted in dose-dependent inhibition of LH-stimulated progesterone biosynthesis. Biochemical analysis data revealed that the levels of the mature steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR), a protein that works at the outer mitochondrial membrane to facilitate the translocation of cholesterol for steroid formation, was significantly reduced in response to MEHP exposures. MEHP also caused reductions in MA-10 cell mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and mitochondrial respiration as evidenced by decreases in the ability of the mitochondria to consume molecular oxygen. Additionally, significant increases in the generation of mitochondrial superoxide were observed. Taken together, these results indicate that MEHP inhibits steroid formation in MA-10 cells at least in part by its effects on mitochondrial function.
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26
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Yu L, Yang M, Cheng M, Fan L, Wang X, Xu T, Wang B, Chen W. Associations between urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations and markers of liver injury in the US adult population. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 155:106608. [PMID: 33964644 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phthalates have been largely used for years in varieties of products worldwide. However, research on the joint toxic effect of various phthalates exposure on the liver is lacking. OBJECTIVES We aimed to assess exposure to phthalates on liver function tests (LFTs). METHODS This analysis included data on 6046 adults (≥20 years old) who participated in a National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) in 2007-2016. We employed linear regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), to explore the associations of urinary phthalate metabolites with 8 indicators of LFTs. RESULTS Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (ΣDEHP) was found to be positively associated with serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (all P FDR < 0.05). We found significant positive associations of ∑DEHP, mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP) and mono-(carboxyisononyl) phthalate (MCNP) with total bilirubin (TBIL) (all P FDR < 0.05). ΣDEHP, mono-n-butyl phthalate (MBP), mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MCPP) and mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) were negatively associated with serum ALB (all P FDR < 0.05). The BKMR analyses showed a significantly positive overall effect on ALT, AST, ALP and TBIL levels with high concentrations of phthalate metabolites and a significantly negative overall effect on ALB and TP, when all the chemicals at low concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Our results add novel evidence that exposures to phthalates might be adversely associated with the indicators of LTFs, indicating the potential toxic effect of phthalate exposures on the human liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linling Yu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Meng Yang
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Man Cheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Lieyang Fan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
| | - Weihong Chen
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China.
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27
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Warner GR, Dettogni RS, Bagchi IC, Flaws JA, Graceli JB. Placental outcomes of phthalate exposure. Reprod Toxicol 2021; 103:1-17. [PMID: 34015474 PMCID: PMC8260441 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Proper placental development and function relies on hormone receptors and signaling pathways that make the placenta susceptible to disruption by endocrine disrupting chemicals, such as phthalates. Here, we review relevant research on the associations between phthalate exposures and dysfunctions of the development and function of the placenta, including morphology, physiology, and genetic and epigenetic effects. This review covers in vitro studies, in vivo studies in mammals, and studies in humans. We also discuss important gaps in the literature. Overall, the evidence indicates that toxicity to the placental and maternal-fetal interface is associated with exposure to phthalates. Further studies are needed to better elucidate the mechanisms through which phthalates act in the placenta as well as additional human studies that assess placental disruption through pregnancy with larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genoa R Warner
- Dept of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | | | - Indrani C Bagchi
- Dept of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Dept of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA.
| | - Jones B Graceli
- Dept of Morphology, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Brazil
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28
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Nadeem A, Al-Harbi NO, Ahmad SF, Alhazzani K, Attia SM, Alsanea S, Alhoshani A, Mahmood HM, Alfardan AS, Bakheet SA. Exposure to the plasticizer, Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate during juvenile period exacerbates autism-like behavior in adult BTBR T + tf/J mice due to DNA hypomethylation and enhanced inflammation in brain and systemic immune cells. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 109:110249. [PMID: 33497755 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications are known to play a crucial role in the behavioral modifications through regulation of gene expression. Environmental factors are known to regulate genetic transcription through DNA methylation which is one of the mechanisms of epigenetic modification. Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is one of the most abundant phthalate plasticizers in day-to-day products. Prenatal/postnatal DEHP administration has been reported to cause inflammation as well as behavioral dysregulation, however it is not known if exposure to DEHP during juvenile stage affects peripheral/neuronal inflammation and autism-like symptoms in BTBR mice at adulthood. This study investigated effect of DEHP exposure during juvenile period on DNA methylation (global DNA methylation/DNMT1 expression) and inflammation (IL-17A, IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α) in CD4 + T cells/CD11c + DCs and cortex, and autism-like symptoms (three-chambered sociability test, self-grooming and marble burying test) in asocial BTBR and social C57 mice at adulthood. Our data reveal that BTBR mice exposed to DEHP during juvenile period have hypomethylated DNA/DNMT1 expression in CD11c + DCs and cortex as compared to vehicle-exposed BTBR mice. It was associated with upregulated inflammation in periphery [plasma IL-6/IL-17A, CD11c + DCs (IL-6/MCP-1/TNF-α), and CD4+ T cells (IL-17A)] and cortex (IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α), and aggravation in autism-like symptoms in DEHP-treated BTBR mice. These data propose that exposure of DEHP during juvenile period may affect autism-like behavior and inflammation in BTBR mice at adulthood through epigenetic regulation. Therefore, underlying genetic predisposition may play a crucial role in worsening of autistic symptoms in ASD subjects in adulthood if they are exposed to environmental pollutants such as DEHP during juvenile period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Naif O Al-Harbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh F Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alhazzani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabry M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sary Alsanea
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alhoshani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz M Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali S Alfardan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Bakheet
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Toxicology and Biodegradability of a Phthalate-Free and Bio-Based Novel Plasticizer. J Toxicol 2021; 2021:9970896. [PMID: 34335742 PMCID: PMC8289616 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9970896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Phthalate esters, mainly di-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP), represent a class of chemicals primarily used as plasticizers for polyvinyl chloride in a wide range of domestic and industrial applications. These phthalate esters are low-toxicity environmental contaminants. To address these drawbacks, POLYSORB® ID 37, a blend of diesters obtained from esterification of isosorbide with plant-based fatty acids, was developed. The company can now offer PVC manufacturers a new product which competes with phthalates and other such chemicals. The market for plasticizers is very important, and ROQUETTE intends to provide a more sustainable and safer product. Isosorbide diester is bio-based (made from glucose and vegetable fatty acids). This plasticizer is registered in REACH regulation for high volumes (>1000 T/year). Risk assessment was obtained by conducting a wide range of biodegradability and toxicological protocols, using rodent models, according to established guidelines. Overall, all of the toxicological and biodegradability studies demonstrated that POLYSORB® ID 37 is nontoxic to mammalian life and is readily biodegradable.
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Su WC, Tsai YC, Chang TK, Yin TC, Tsai HL, Huang CW, Chen YC, Li CC, Chen PJ, Wang JY. Correlations between Urinary Monoethylhexyl Phthalate Concentration in Healthy Individuals, Individuals with Colorectal Adenomas, and Individuals with Colorectal Cancer. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:7127-7136. [PMID: 34082531 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause of cancer death in Taiwan. A recent study suggested a link between exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and increased susceptibility to pathology. Exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), an EDC and plasticizer widely used in consumer products, has been reported to be significantly positively correlated with increased risks of various cancers. We explored this connection of DEHP exposure with the development of CRC through the detection of urinary monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), a potent metabolite of DEHP. Participants comprised 221 individuals recruited between October 2016 and November 2019 from a single institution. Overall, urinary MEHP concentrations were significantly higher in patients with CRC than in the patients with adenoma or healthy participants (both P < 0.001). Higher exposure to DEHP may contribute to the occurrence of CRC. Urinary MEHP detection may serve as a beneficial noninvasive indicator of increased CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chih Su
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Tsai
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Kun Chang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chieh Yin
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Division of General and Digestive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Municipal Tatung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Lin Tsai
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Huang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Cheng Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chun Li
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jung Chen
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Yuan Wang
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Cohort Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Clinical Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoproteomics, School of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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31
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Kondo M, Kikumoto H, Osimitz TG, Cohen SM, Lake BG, Yamada T. An Evaluation of the Human Relevance of the Liver Tumors Observed in Female Mice Treated With Permethrin Based on Mode of Action. Toxicol Sci 2021; 175:50-63. [PMID: 32040184 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2-year studies, the nongenotoxic pyrethroid insecticide permethrin produced hepatocellular tumors in CD-1 mice but not in Wistar rats. Recently, we demonstrated that the mode of action (MOA) for mouse liver tumor formation by permethrin involves activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), resulting in a mitogenic effect. In the present study, the effects of permethrin and 2 major permethrin metabolites, namely 3-phenoxybenzoic acid and trans-dichlorochrysanthemic acid, on cytochrome P450 mRNA levels and cell proliferation (determined as replicative DNA synthesis) were evaluated in cultured CD-1 mouse, Wistar rat, and human hepatocytes. Permethrin and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid induced CYP4A mRNA levels in both mouse and human hepatocytes, with trans-dichlorochrysanthemic acid also increasing CYP4A mRNA levels in mouse hepatocytes. 3-Phenoxybenzoic acid induced CYP4A mRNA levels in rat hepatocytes, with trans-dichlorochrysanthemic acid increasing both CYP4A mRNA levels and replicative DNA synthesis. Permethrin, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, and trans-dichlorochrysanthemic acid stimulated replicative DNA synthesis in mouse hepatocytes but not in human hepatocytes, demonstrating that human hepatocytes are refractory to the mitogenic effects of permethrin and these 2 metabolites. Thus, although some of the key (eg, PPARα activation) and associative (eg, CYP4A induction) events in the established MOA for permethrin-induced mouse liver tumor formation could occur in human hepatocytes at high doses of permethrin, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, and/or trans-dichlorochrysanthemic acid, increased cell proliferation (an essential step in carcinogenesis by nongenotoxic PPARα activators) was not observed. These results provide additional evidence that the established MOA for permethrin-induced mouse liver tumor formation is not plausible for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Kondo
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Company, Ltd, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kikumoto
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Company, Ltd, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554-8558, Japan
| | | | - Samuel M Cohen
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-3135
| | - Brian G Lake
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Tomoya Yamada
- Environmental Health Science Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Company, Ltd, Konohana-ku, Osaka 554-8558, Japan
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32
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MEHP interferes with mitochondrial functions and homeostasis in skeletal muscle cells. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:222590. [PMID: 32255176 PMCID: PMC7167251 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20194404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer frequently leached out from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products and is quickly metabolized to its monoester equivalent mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP) once enters organisms. Exposure to DEHP/MEHP through food chain intake has been shown to modified metabolism but its effect on the development of metabolic myopathy of skeletal muscle (SKM) has not been revealed so far. Here, we found that MEHP repressed myogenic terminal differentiation of proliferating myoblasts (PMB) and confluent myoblasts (CMB) but had weak effect on this process once it had been initiated. The transition of mitochondria (MITO) morphology from high efficient filamentary network to low efficient vesicles was triggered by MEHP, implying its negative effects on MITO functions. The impaired MITO functions was further demonstrated by reduced MITO DNA (mtDNA) level and SDH enzyme activity as well as highly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells after MEHP treatment. The expression of metabolic genes, including PDK4, CPT1b, UCP2, and HO1, was highly increased by MEHP and the promoters of PDK4 and CPT1b were also activated by MEHP. Additionally, the stability of some subunits in the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) complexes was found to be reduced by MEHP, implying defective oxidative metabolism in MITO and which was confirmed by repressed palmitic acid oxidation in MEHP-treated cells. Besides, MEHP also blocked insulin-induced glucose uptake. Taken together, our results suggest that MEHP is inhibitory to myogenesis and is harmful to MITO functions in SKM, so its exposure should be avoided or limited.
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Graceli JB, Dettogni RS, Merlo E, Niño O, da Costa CS, Zanol JF, Ríos Morris EA, Miranda-Alves L, Denicol AC. The impact of endocrine-disrupting chemical exposure in the mammalian hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110997. [PMID: 32841708 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HP axis) plays a critical and integrative role in the endocrine system control to maintain homeostasis. The HP axis is responsible for the hormonal events necessary to regulate the thyroid, adrenal glands, gonads, somatic growth, among other functions. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are a worldwide public health concern. There is growing evidence that exposure to EDCs such as bisphenol A (BPA), some phthalates, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and biphenyls (PBBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), tributyltin (TBT), and atrazine (ATR), is associated with HP axis abnormalities. EDCs act on hormone receptors and their downstream signaling pathways and can interfere with hormone synthesis, metabolism, and actions. Because the HP axis function is particularly sensitive to endogenous hormonal changes, disruptions by EDCs can alter HP axis proper function, leading to important endocrine irregularities. Here, we review the evidence that EDCs could directly affect the mammalian HP axis function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jones B Graceli
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo. Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, CEP: 290440-090 Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Raquel S Dettogni
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo. Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, CEP: 290440-090 Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Merlo
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo. Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, CEP: 290440-090 Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Oscar Niño
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo. Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, CEP: 290440-090 Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Charles S da Costa
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo. Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, CEP: 290440-090 Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Jordana F Zanol
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo. Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, CEP: 290440-090 Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo A Ríos Morris
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology-LEEx, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Graduate Program in Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology-LEEx, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Graduate Program in Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Graduate Program in Pharmacology and Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Anna C Denicol
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Amara I, Salah A, Timoumi R, Annabi E, Scuto M, Trovato A, Neffati F, Calabrese V, Abid-Essefi S. Effect of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on Nrf2-regulated glutathione homeostasis in mouse kidney. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:919-928. [PMID: 32500380 PMCID: PMC7591664 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01127-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental toxicants such as phthalate have been involved in multiple health disorders including renal diseases. Oxidative damage is implicated in many alterations caused by phthalate especially the di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), which is the most useful phthalate. However, information regarding its mechanism of renal damage is lacking. The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates gene expression implicated in free radical scavenging and cytoprotection including the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) pathway. The aim of this study was to assess whether DEHP affects the Nrf2 pathway and the GSH concentration. Mice were divided into four groups: a control group and three groups treated with DEHP at different concentrations (5, 50, and 200 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days. Our results showed that DEHP altered the normal levels of serum biochemical parameters creatinine (CREA), urea, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). This phthalate caused oxidative damage through the induction of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation as marked by increase of protein carbonyl (PC) and loss of protein-bound sulfhydryls (PSH). Simultaneously, DEHP treatment decreased the protein level of Nrf-2, HO-1, and GCLC (responsible of GSH synthesis) and decreased the GSH level. Inhibition of the Nrf2 pathway is related to the activation of the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. This apoptotic process is evidenced by an upregulation of p53 and Bax protein levels in addition to a downregulation of Bcl-2. Collectively, our data demonstrated that depletion of Nrf2 and GSH was associated with the elevation of oxidative stress and the activation of intrinsic apoptosis in mouse kidney treated with DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Amara
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, University of Monastir, LR01SE1, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Amal Salah
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, University of Monastir, LR01SE1, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Rim Timoumi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, University of Monastir, LR01SE1, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Emna Annabi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, University of Monastir, LR01SE1, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Maria Scuto
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Angela Trovato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Fadwa Neffati
- Monastir University Hospital, Laboratory of Biochemistry-Toxicology, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, University of Monastir, LR01SE1, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
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DeWitt NA, Whirledge S, Kallen AN. Updates on molecular and environmental determinants of luteal progesterone production. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 515:110930. [PMID: 32610113 PMCID: PMC7484338 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone, a critical hormone in reproduction, is a key sex steroid in the establishment and maintenance of early pregnancy and serves as an intermediary for synthesis of other steroid hormones. Progesterone production from the corpus luteum is a tightly regulated process which is stimulated and maintained by multiple factors, both systemic and local. Multiple regulatory systems, including classic mediators of gonadotropin stimulation such as the cAMP/PKA pathway and TGFβ-mediated signaling pathways, as well as local production of hormonal factors, exist to promote granulosa cell function and physiological fine-tuning of progesterone levels. In this manuscript, we provide an updated narrative review of the known mediators of human luteal progesterone and highlight new observations regarding this important process, focusing on studies published within the last five years. We will also review recent evidence suggesting that this complex system of progesterone production is sensitive to disruption by exogenous environmental chemicals that can mimic or interfere with the activities of endogenous hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie A DeWitt
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shannon Whirledge
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Amanda N Kallen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Lischka A. [Trendsetting Ideas of the Children's Hospital "Kinderklinik Glanzing" Since 1915]. PADIATRIE UND PADOLOGIE 2020; 55:30-47. [PMID: 32921820 PMCID: PMC7475949 DOI: 10.1007/s00608-020-00782-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Since its foundation in 1915, the Children's Hospital Glanzing has had many innovative medical directors, whose careers and scientific activities are described here in chronological order. Leopold Moll established substantial socio-pediatric initiatives such as "Kriegspatenschaften" ("war sponsorship organizations") and vacations for poor children, as well as counseling centers for mothers in Vienna. August Reuss founded baby care wards and pediatrics departments. He established his own training for pediatricians. Alfred Rosenkranz established in 1974 the first Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Austria.In 1992, Andreas Lischka successfully introduced quality management (QM) to the Children's Hospital Glanzing, one of the first hospitals in Europe, involving all hospital staff. The Children's Hospital Glanzing was the second European center to participate in the Vermont Oxford Neonatal Network (VONN) for the quality assurance of neonatal care. In 2000 in Wilhelminen Hospital, the first "baby hatch" was established for the anonymous abandonment of newborns without legal prosecution in order to give these unwanted babies a chance of survival (in addition to the possibility of an anonymous birth).Since 1999, music therapy has been offered at the neonatal intensive care unit in cooperation with the University of Music and Performing Arts, Vienna (mdw).Publications on the toxicity of the plasticizer diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) in polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-containing medical products constituted the opportunity to establish a PVC-free neonatal intensive care unit. Promotion of breast-feeding especially for premature born babies has always been a particular concern of the Children's Hospital Glanzing. Pollution with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dioxins, and furan in breast milk cannot be avoided; only a legal ban would lead to a reduction in these pollutants.To reduce the fear of hospitals in children, in 1994 the Children's Hospital Glanzing established a yearly summer children's festival before the end of the school term, with more than 2,500 parents and children attending in 2007. Great importance was attached to the comprehensive education of prospective pediatricians in all areas of our specialty, which could be taught by rotation in our own department with many focal points.The current situation of the Covid-19 pandemic indicates the great importance not only of intensive care beds but also the training of sufficient medical and supporting staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Lischka
- Facharzt für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde, Krottenbachstraße 27/2, 1190 Wien, Österreich
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Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, del Mazo J, Grasl‐Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Hoogenboom L(R, Leblanc J, Nebbia CS, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Barregård L, Ceccatelli S, Cravedi J, Halldorsson TI, Haug LS, Johansson N, Knutsen HK, Rose M, Roudot A, Van Loveren H, Vollmer G, Mackay K, Riolo F, Schwerdtle T. Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in food. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06223. [PMID: 32994824 PMCID: PMC7507523 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific evaluation on the risks to human health related to the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in food. Based on several similar effects in animals, toxicokinetics and observed concentrations in human blood, the CONTAM Panel decided to perform the assessment for the sum of four PFASs: PFOA, PFNA, PFHxS and PFOS. These made up half of the lower bound (LB) exposure to those PFASs with available occurrence data, the remaining contribution being primarily from PFASs with short half-lives. Equal potencies were assumed for the four PFASs included in the assessment. The mean LB exposure in adolescents and adult age groups ranged from 3 to 22, the 95th percentile from 9 to 70 ng/kg body weight (bw) per week. Toddlers and 'other children' showed a twofold higher exposure. Upper bound exposure was 4- to 49-fold higher than LB levels, but the latter were considered more reliable. 'Fish meat', 'Fruit and fruit products' and 'Eggs and egg products' contributed most to the exposure. Based on available studies in animals and humans, effects on the immune system were considered the most critical for the risk assessment. From a human study, a lowest BMDL 10 of 17.5 ng/mL for the sum of the four PFASs in serum was identified for 1-year-old children. Using PBPK modelling, this serum level of 17.5 ng/mL in children was estimated to correspond to long-term maternal exposure of 0.63 ng/kg bw per day. Since accumulation over time is important, a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 4.4 ng/kg bw per week was established. This TWI also protects against other potential adverse effects observed in humans. Based on the estimated LB exposure, but also reported serum levels, the CONTAM Panel concluded that parts of the European population exceed this TWI, which is of concern.
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Padula V, Beaudreau AH, Hagedorn B, Causey D. Plastic-derived contaminants in Aleutian Archipelago seabirds with varied foraging strategies. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 158:111435. [PMID: 32753218 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates, plastic-derived contaminants, are of increasing global concern. This study quantified phthalates in seabirds collected across >1700 km of the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, and contributes to a body of knowledge on plastic contaminants in marine wildlife. We measured six phthalate congeners in seabirds representing ten species and four feeding guilds. Phthalates were detected in 100% of specimens (n = 115), but varied among individuals (3.64-539.64 ng/g). DEHP and DBP occurred at an order of magnitude higher than other congeners. Total phthalates did not vary geographically, but differed among feeding guilds, with significantly higher concentrations in diving plankton-feeders compared to others. Plastic particles were detected in 36.5% of randomly subsampled seabird stomachs (n = 74), suggesting plastic ingestion as a potential route of phthalate exposure. Our findings suggest feeding behavior could influence exposure risk for seabirds and lend further evidence to the ubiquity of plastic pollutants in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Padula
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, 17101 Point Lena Loop Road, Juneau, AK 99801, United States of America; University of Alaska Anchorage, Department of Biological Sciences, 3101 Science Circle, Anchorage, AK 99508, United States of America.
| | - Anne H Beaudreau
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, 17101 Point Lena Loop Road, Juneau, AK 99801, United States of America
| | - Birgit Hagedorn
- Sustainable Earth, LLC, 2200 Alder Drive, Anchorage, AK 99508, United States of America
| | - Douglas Causey
- University of Alaska Anchorage, Department of Biological Sciences, 3101 Science Circle, Anchorage, AK 99508, United States of America
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Mirihagalle S, You T, Suh L, Patel C, Gao L, Rattan S, Qiao H. Prenatal exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and high-fat diet synergistically disrupts mouse fetal oogenesis and affects folliculogenesis†. Biol Reprod 2020; 100:1561-1570. [PMID: 30939196 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioz051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a chemical that is widely used as a plasticizer. Exposure to DEHP has been shown to alter ovarian function in humans. Additionally, foods high in fat content, regularly found in the western diet, have been shown to be another potential disruptor of fetal ovarian function. Due to DEHP's lipophilicity, high-fat foods can be easily contaminated. Therefore, exposure to DEHP and a high-fat diet are both health concerns, especially in pregnant women, and the effects of these exposures on fetal oocyte quality and quantity should be elucidated. In this study, our goal was to determine if there are synergistic effects of DEHP exposure at an environmentally relevant level (20 μg/kg body weight/day) and high-fat diet on oogenesis and folliculogenesis. Dams were fed with a high-fat diet (45 kcal% fat) or a control diet (10 kcal% fat) 1 week before mating and during pregnancy and lactation. The pregnant mice were dosed with DEHP (20 μg/kg body weight/day) or vehicle control from E10.5 to litter birth. We found that treatment with an environmentally relevant dosage of DEHP and consumption of high-fat diet significantly increases synapsis defects in meiosis and affects folliculogenesis in the F1 generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supipi Mirihagalle
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Tianming You
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Lois Suh
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Chintan Patel
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Liying Gao
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Saniya Rattan
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Huanyu Qiao
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Lee CY, Suk FM, Twu YC, Liao YJ. Long-Term Exposure to Low-Dose Di-(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate Impairs Cholesterol Metabolism in Hepatic Stellate Cells and Exacerbates Liver Librosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17113802. [PMID: 32471116 PMCID: PMC7312183 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Phthalates are often added to plastic products to increase their flexibility. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is one of the most common plasticizers. Previously, a major incident involving phthalate-contaminated foodstuffs occurred, where phthalates were deliberately added to foodstuffs as a substitute for emulsifiers, resulting in a threat to public health. DEHP exposure can cause liver damage and further lead to cancer; however, the effects of long-term exposure to low-dose DEHP on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and on liver fibrosis are still unclear. In this study, we showed that chronic exposure to low-dose DEHP results in an accumulation of cholesterol in HSCs by disturbing the cholesterol metabolism and enhancing endogenous cholesterol synthesis. In addition, long-term exposure to low-dose DEHP reduces the sensitivity of HSCs to platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB)-induced proliferation by blocking the MAPK pathway. Dysfunction of mitochondrial respiration and induction of caspase 3/PARP-dependent apoptosis were observed in HSCs following chronic, low-dose exposure. The carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis mouse model showed that long-term administration of DEHP significantly promoted liver damage, inflammatory infiltration, cholesterol accumulation, and deposition of hepatic collagen. In conclusion, long-term exposure to low-dose DEHP may perturb the cholesterol metabolism in HSCs and accelerate liver damage and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Ya Lee
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Fat-Moon Suk
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Ching Twu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Jen Liao
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Correspondence:
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Chiang C, Flaws JA. Subchronic Exposure to Di(2-ethylhexyl) Phthalate and Diisononyl Phthalate During Adulthood Has Immediate and Long-Term Reproductive Consequences in Female Mice. Toxicol Sci 2020; 168:620-631. [PMID: 30649530 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a plasticizer used in a variety of consumer products. This is concerning because DEHP is an endocrine disruptor and ovarian toxicant. Diisononyl phthalate (DiNP) is a DEHP replacement that is a rising human toxicant due to its increased use as a DEHP substitute. However, little is known about the effects of DEHP or DiNP exposure during adulthood on female reproduction. Thus, this study tested the hypothesis that DEHP or DiNP exposure during adulthood has long-term consequences for female reproduction in mice. Adult female CD-1 mice (39-40 days) were orally dosed with vehicle control (corn oil), DEHP (20 µg/kg/day-200 mg/kg/day), or DiNP (20 µg/kg/day-200 mg/kg/day) for 10 days. Females were paired with untreated male mice for breeding trials immediately post-dosing and again at 3 and 9 months post-dosing. Immediately post-dosing, DEHP and DiNP did not affect fertility. At 3 months post-dosing, DiNP (20 and 100 µg/kg/day and 200 mg/kg/day) significantly disrupted estrous cyclicity, and DiNP and DEHP (20 µg/kg/day) significantly reduced the ability of females to get pregnant. At 9 months post-dosing, DiNP significantly disrupted estrous cyclicity (100 µg/kg/day), reduced time to mating (100 µg/kg/day-200 mg/kg/day), and borderline reduced percent of females who produced offspring (20 mg/kg/day). At 9 months post-dosing, DEHP (200 µg/kg/day and 200 mg/kg/day) and DiNP (100 µg/kg/day and 20 and 200 mg/kg/day) increased numbers of male-biased litters. These data show that DEHP and DiNP exposure has long-term consequences for female reproduction, even long after cessation of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catheryne Chiang
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Jodi A Flaws
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
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Helmy HS, Senousy MA, El-Sahar AE, Sayed RH, Saad MA, Elbaz EM. Aberrations of miR-126-3p, miR-181a and sirtuin1 network mediate Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced testicular damage in rats: The protective role of hesperidin. Toxicology 2020; 433-434:152406. [PMID: 32050098 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recently, oxidative stress was implicated in the environmental contaminant Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)-induced testicular toxicity, however the mechanism is unclear. We investigated the role of oxidative stress-responsive microRNAs in DEHP-induced aberrations and the protective effect of the citrus flavonoid, hesperidin (HSP). Male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups as vehicle-treated control, DEHP-alone group (500 mg/kg/day) for 30 days, and HSP (25 or 50 mg/kg) for 60 days; testicular damage was triggered by oral administration of DEHP (500 mg/kg/day) after thirty days of oral administration of HSP (25 or 50 mg/kg). DEHP administration reduced testis weight coefficient, serum testosterone, testicular 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and antioxidant enzyme activities, and elevated serum fatty acid-binding protein-9, testicular malondialdehyde, and Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Aberrant testicular miR-126-3p and miR-181a expression was observed, along with decreased expression of sirtuin1 (SIRT1) and its targets; nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor2, haeme oxygenase-1, and superoxide dismutase2. HSP administration significantly ameliorated these changes and restored testicular function in a dose-dependent manner. We highlight a novel role of oxidative stress-miR-126/miR-181a-SIRT1 network in mediating DEHP-induced changes which were reversed by the antioxidant HSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebatullah S Helmy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Senousy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman E El-Sahar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rabab H Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammed A Saad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eman M Elbaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Wang Y, Ni C, Li X, Lin Z, Zhu Q, Li L, Ge RS. Phthalate-Induced Fetal Leydig Cell Dysfunction Mediates Male Reproductive Tract Anomalies. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1309. [PMID: 31780936 PMCID: PMC6851233 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Male fetal Leydig cells in the testis secrete androgen and insulin-like 3, determining the sexual differentiation. The abnormal development of fetal Leydig cells could lead to the reduction of androgen and insulin-like 3, thus causing the male reproductive tract anomalies in male neonates, including cryptorchidism and hypospadias. Environmental pollutants, such as phthalic acid esters (phthalates), can perturb the development and differentiated function of Leydig cells, thereby contributing to the reproductive toxicity in the male. Here, we review the epidemiological studies in humans and experimental investigations in rodents of various phthalates. Most of phthalates disturb the expression of various genes encoded for steroidogenesis-related proteins and insulin-like 3 in fetal Leydig cells and the dose-additive effects are exerted after exposure in a mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chaobo Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaoheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhenkun Lin
- Center of Scientific Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qiqi Zhu
- Center of Scientific Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Linxi Li
- Center of Scientific Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Center of Scientific Research, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Genotoxicity and glucose tolerance induction by acetyltriethylcitrate, substitute plasticizer compared to di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12237. [PMID: 31439862 PMCID: PMC6706371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48599-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
As di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), one of phthalates, is classified as probable human carcinogens in EPA, acetyltriethyl citrate(ATEC), one of aliphatic esters, could be applied to DEHP substitute. ATEC is used as plasticizers in cosmetics and nail products. Here, we studied whether ATEC might have genotoxic potential and induce glucose tolerance as compared to DEHP. Genotoxicity was determined by Ames test with histidine-requiring Salmonella typhimurium (TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537) and tryptophan-requiring Escherichia coli (WP2uvrA(pKM101)) strains, chromosomal aberration assay with Chinese hamster lung(CHL/IU) cells, and micronucleus test with bone marrow cells of CD-1 mice. The number of revertants was not significantly changed in Ames test. The frequency of cells with chromosome aberrations was less than 5% in ATEC- or DEHP-treated cells for 6 or 24 h. In addition, no statistically significant increase was observed for the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) in polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) and for the ratio of PCE among total erythrocytes at 24 or 48 h after the treatment of mice with ATEC or DEHP. In the meanwhile, blood glucose level (BGL) was increased by the treatment of mice with DEHP or ATEC for 5 consecutive days. Additional 7 days later, BGL by DEHP was recovered to normal level, but not that by ATEC. Then, taken together, our results suggest that ATEC could disrupt glucose metabolism under our experimental conditions. Therefore, although DEHP and ATEC may not be genotoxic, our data should be helpful for persons with the problem in glucose metabolism to choose products containing DEHP or ATEC.
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45
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Gutiérrez-García AK, Choudhury M, De Leon-Rodriguez A. Diisononyl Phthalate Differentially Affects Sirtuin Expression in the HepG2 Cell Line. Chem Res Toxicol 2019; 32:1863-1870. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana K. Gutiérrez-García
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, A.C., Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4a Sección, C.P. 78216 San Luis Potosí, SLP México
| | - Mahua Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas 78363, United States
| | - Antonio De Leon-Rodriguez
- División de Biología Molecular, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, A.C., Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4a Sección, C.P. 78216 San Luis Potosí, SLP México
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46
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Zhao Y, Fan JH, Luo Y, Talukder M, Li XN, Zuo YZ, Li JL. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)-induced hepatotoxicity in quail (Coturnix japonica) via suppression of the heat shock response. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 228:685-693. [PMID: 31063915 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is a widespread environmental toxicant that severely impacts agricultural production and animal and human health. Nevertheless, DEHP-induced hepatotoxicity at the molecular level in quail remains unexplored. The heat shock response (HSR), involving heat shock proteins (HSPs) and heat shock transcription factors (HSFs), is a highly conserved molecular response that is triggered by stressors, especially exposure to toxicants. To explore the DEHP-induced hepatotoxicity that occurs via regulation of HSR in birds, female quail were dosed with DEHP by oral gavage (0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) for 45 days. Based on histopathological analysis, the livers of the DEHP-treated groups exhibited structural alterations of hepatocytes, including mitochondrial swelling, derangement of hepatic plates, inflammatory cell infiltration and adipose degeneration. Ultrastructural evaluation of the livers of DEHP-treated quail revealed swollen mitochondria, partial disappearance of mitochondrial membranes and cristae, nuclear chromatin margination and nuclear condensation. The expression of HSF1 and HSF3 significantly decreased after DEHP exposure. The levels of HSPs (HSP10, HSP25, HSP27, HSP40, HSP47, HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90) were significantly downregulated in the livers of DEHP-treated quail. In this study, we concluded that DEHP exposure resulted in liver function damage and hepatotoxicity by reducing the expression of HSFs and HSPs in quail liver, which inhibited the protective effect of the HSR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jing-Hui Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, PR China
| | - Yu Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Milton Talukder
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal, 8210, Bangladesh
| | - Xue-Nan Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Yu-Zhu Zuo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001, PR China
| | - Jin-Long Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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47
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Ito Y, Kamijima M, Nakajima T. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-induced toxicity and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha: a review. Environ Health Prev Med 2019; 24:47. [PMID: 31279339 PMCID: PMC6612219 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-019-0802-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasticizer di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been widely used in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride-containing products such as medical and consumer goods. Humans can easily be exposed to it because DEHP is ubiquitous in the environment. Recent research on the adverse effects of DEHP has focused on reproductive and developmental toxicity in rodents and/or humans. DEHP is a representative of the peroxisome proliferators. Therefore, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα)-dependent pathways are the expected mode of action of several kinds of DEHP-induced toxicities. In this review, we summarize DEHP kinetics and its mechanisms of carcinogenicity and reproductive and developmental toxicity in relation to PPARα. Additionally, we give an overview of the impacts of science policy on exposure sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Ito
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan.
| | - Michihiro Kamijima
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, 467-8601, Japan
| | - Tamie Nakajima
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, 1200 Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai, Aichi, 487-8501, Japan
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Li X, Mo J, Zhu Q, Ni C, Wang Y, Li H, Lin ZK, Ge RS. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) for phthalate-mediated developmental and reproductive toxicity in males. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 223:504-513. [PMID: 30784757 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Testicular dysgenesis syndrome includes the hypospadias, cryptorchidism and abnormal fetal testis in male neonate. This is possibly caused by the environmental phthalates, which down-regulate the expression of androgen synthetic genes and Insl3 or directly inhibits steroidogenic enzymes. There are distinct structure-activity relationships (SARs) for phthalate-mediated developmental and reproductive toxicity. Here, we review the SAR for phthalate-mediated testicular dysgenesis syndrome. Of phthalates of straight side chains, C5-C6 ones are the most potent, C4 or C7 are moderate, C3 is weakest, and C1-2 or C8-13 are ineffective. The branching and unsaturation of side chains increases the toxicity. The cycling of side chains does not increase the toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaying Mo
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiqi Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaobo Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiyan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huitao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhen-Kun Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ren-Shan Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Amara I, Timoumi R, Annabi E, Neffati F, Najjar MF, Bouaziz C, Abid-Essefi S. Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate induces cardiac disorders in BALB/c mice. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:7540-7549. [PMID: 30659488 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04219-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Because of the extensive use of phthalates for domestic, medical, and industrial applications, the evaluation of their toxic effects is of major concern to public health. The aim of the present study was to assess the propensity of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), one of the most used phthalates, to cause oxidative cardiac damage in mice. DEHP was administered intraperitoneally at doses of 5, 50, and 200 mg/kg body weight for 30 consecutive days in BALB/c mice. We assessed the effect of DEHP on cardiac injury using biochemical profile (such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine phosphokinase (CPK), total cholesterol (T-CHOL), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)), parameters related to myocardiac oxidative stress, such as malondialdehyde (MDA) level, protein carbonyl (PC) concentration, and DNA fragmentation. In addition, we evaluated antioxidant status; enzymatic (catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities) and non-enzymatic (protein-bound sulfhydryl concentration (PSH)) antioxidants. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and histopathological changes were also assessed in heart mice treated with DEHP. Our results showed that DEHP induced an elevation of serum marker enzymes and perturbated the lipid profile. In addition, this phthalate increased lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl levels, and DNA fragmentation in the heart in a dose-dependent manner. Antioxidant status was also perturbated by the increase of the CAT and SOD activities and the decrease of the protein-bound sulfhydryl concentration. AChE activity was also inhibited in the heart following the treatment with DEHP. These biochemical alterations were also confirmed by histopathological changes. Increased free radical production at various doses of DEHP would result in impairment of the redox status leading to an enhanced dose-dependent cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Amara
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, University of Monastir, LR01SE1, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Rim Timoumi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, University of Monastir, LR01SE1, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Emna Annabi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, University of Monastir, LR01SE1, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Fadwa Neffati
- Laboratory of Biochemistry-Toxicology, University of Monastir, Monastir University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Fadhel Najjar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry-Toxicology, University of Monastir, Monastir University Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Chayma Bouaziz
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, University of Monastir, LR01SE1, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Salwa Abid-Essefi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Laboratory for Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, University of Monastir, LR01SE1, Rue Avicenne, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia.
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50
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Wójtowicz AK, Sitarz-Głownia AM, Szczęsna M, Szychowski KA. The Action of Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) in Mouse Cerebral Cells Involves an Impairment in Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Signaling. Neurotox Res 2019; 35:183-195. [PMID: 30120713 PMCID: PMC6313375 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9946-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is used as a plasticizer in various plastic compounds, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and products including baby toys, packaging films and sheets, medical tubing, and blood storage bags. Epidemiological data suggest that phthalates increase the risk of the nervous system disorders; however, the impact of DEHP on the brain cells and the mechanisms of its action have not been clarified. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of DEHP on production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), as well as Cyp1a1 and Cyp1b1 mRNA and protein expression in primary mouse cortical neurons and glial cells in the in vitro mono-cultures. Our experiments showed that DEHP stimulated ROS production in both types of mouse neocortical cells. Moreover, the results strongly support involvement of the AhR/Cyp1A1 signaling pathway in the action of DEHP in neurons and glial cells. However, the effects of DEHP acting on the AhR signaling pathways in these two types of neocortical cells were different. In neurons, AhR mRNA expression did not change, but AhR protein expression decreased in response to DEHP. A similar trend was observed for Cyp1a1 and Cyp1b1 mRNA and protein expression. Failure to induce Cyp1a1 in neurons was confirmed by EROD assay. In primary glial cells, a decrease in AhR protein level was accompanied by a decrease in AhR mRNA expression. In glial cells, mRNA and protein expression of Cyp1a1 as well as Cyp1a1-related EROD activity were significantly increased. As for Cyp1b1, both in neurons and glial cells Cyp1b1 mRNA expression did not significantly change, whereas Cyp1b1 protein level were decreased. We postulate that developmental exposure to DEHP which dysregulates AhR/Cyp1a1 may disrupt defense processes in brain neocortical cells that could increase their susceptibility to environmental toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Wójtowicz
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Sciences Faculty, University of Agriculture, Redzina 1B, 30-248, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka M Sitarz-Głownia
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Sciences Faculty, University of Agriculture, Redzina 1B, 30-248, Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szczęsna
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Animal Sciences Faculty, University of Agriculture, Redzina 1B, 30-248, Krakow, Poland
| | - Konrad A Szychowski
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University of Opole, kard. B. Kominka 6a, 45-032, Opole, Poland
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