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Hao YB, Xing J, Sheng XZ, Chi H, Tang XQ, Zhan WB. The Role of Fc Receptors in the Innate Immune System of Flounders Purported to Be Homologs of FcγRII and FcγRIII. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1196-1206. [PMID: 38380986 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
FcγR is a significant opsonin receptor located on the surface of immune cells, playing a crucial role in Ab-dependent cell-mediated immunity. Our previous work revealed opposite expression trends of FcγRII and FcγRIII in flounder mIgM+ B lymphocytes after phagocytosis of antiserum-opsonized Edwardsiella tarda. This observation suggests that FcγRII and FcγRIII might serve distinct functions in Ig-opsonized immune responses. In this study, we prepared rFcγRIII as well as its corresponding Abs to investigate the potential roles of FcγRII and FcγRIII in the Ab-dependent immune response of IgM+ B cells. Our findings indicate that, unlike FcγRII, FcγRIII does not participate in Ab-dependent cellular phagocytosis. Instead, it is involved in cytokine production and bacterial killing in mIgM+ B lymphocytes. Additionally, we identified platelet-derived ADAM17 as a key factor in regulating FcγRIII shedding and cytokine release in mIgM+ B lymphocytes. These results elucidate the functions of FcγRII and FcγRIII in the innate immunology of mIgM+ B lymphocytes and contribute to an improved understanding of the regulatory roles of FcγRs in the phagocytosis of teleost B lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Bo Hao
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Xing
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiu-Zhen Sheng
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Heng Chi
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Tang
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Wen-Bin Zhan
- Laboratory of Pathology and Immunology of Aquatic Animals, Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Silva MMCD, Gil LHVG, Marques ETDA, Calzavara-Silva CE. Potential biomarkers for the clinical prognosis of severe dengue. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 108:755-62. [PMID: 24037198 PMCID: PMC3970693 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276108062013012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, several assays can confirm acute dengue infection at the
point-of-care. However, none of these assays can predict the severity of the
disease symptoms. A prognosis test that predicts the likelihood of a dengue
patient to develop a severe form of the disease could permit more efficient
patient triage and treatment. We hypothesise that mRNA expression of apoptosis
and innate immune response-related genes will be differentially regulated during
the early stages of dengue and might predict the clinical outcome. Aiming to
identify biomarkers for dengue prognosis, we extracted mRNA from the peripheral
blood mononuclear cells of mild and severe dengue patients during the febrile
stage of the disease to measure the expression levels of selected genes by
quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The selected candidate biomarkers were
previously identified by our group as differentially expressed in microarray
studies. We verified that the mRNA coding for CFD, MAGED1, PSMB9, PRDX4 and
FCGR3B were differentially expressed between patients who developed clinical
symptoms associated with the mild type of dengue and patients who showed
clinical symptoms associated with severe dengue. We suggest that this gene
expression panel could putatively serve as biomarkers for the clinical prognosis
of dengue haemorrhagic fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Marques Carneiro da Silva
- Laboratório de Virologia e Terapia Experimental, Departamento de Virologia, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Fiocruz, RecifePE, Brasil
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3
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Fc receptors (FcRs) and their interactions with immunoglobulin and innate immune opsonins, such as C-reactive protein, are key players in humoral and cellular immune responses. As the effector mechanism for some therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, and often a contributor to the pathogenesis and progression of autoimmunity, FcRs are promising targets for treating autoimmune diseases. AREAS COVERED This review discusses the nature of different FcRs and the various mechanisms of their involvement in initiating and modulating immunocyte functions and their biological consequences. It describes a range of current strategies in targeting FcRs and manipulating their interaction with specific ligands, while presenting the pros and cons of these approaches. This review also discusses potential new strategies including regulation of FcR expression and receptor crosstalk. EXPERT OPINION FcRs are appealing targets in the treatment of inflammatory autoimmune diseases. However, there are still knowledge limitations and technical challenges, the most important being a better understanding of the individual roles of each of the FcRs and enhancement of the specificity in targeting particular cell types and specific FcRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Li
- The University of Alabama , SHEL 272, 1825 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294 , USA
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4
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Natural Autoantibodies to Fcγ Receptors in Intravenous Immunoglobulins. J Clin Immunol 2014; 34 Suppl 1:S4-11. [DOI: 10.1007/s10875-014-0019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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5
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Peruzzi G, Femnou L, Gil-Krzewska A, Borrego F, Weck J, Krzewski K, Coligan JE. Membrane-type 6 matrix metalloproteinase regulates the activation-induced downmodulation of CD16 in human primary NK cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:1883-94. [PMID: 23851692 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1300313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
CD16 (FcγRIIIa), the low-affinity receptor for IgG, expressed by the majority of human NK cells, is a potent activating receptor that facilitates Ab-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). ADCC dysfunction has been linked to cancer progression and poor prognosis for chronic infections, such as HIV; thus, understanding how CD16 expression is regulated by NK cells has clinical relevance. Importantly, CD16 cell-surface expression is downmodulated following NK cell activation and, in particular, exposure to stimulatory cytokines (IL-2 or IL-15), likely owing to the action of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In this article, we identify membrane-type 6 (MT6) MMP (also known as MMP25) as a proteinase responsible for CD16 downmodulation. IL-2-induced upregulation of MT6/MMP25 cell-surface expression correlates with CD16 downmodulation. MT6/MMP25, sequestered in intracellular compartments in unstimulated NK cells, translocates to the cell surface after stimulation; moreover, it polarizes to the effector-target cell interface of the CD16-mediated immunological synapse. siRNA-mediated disruption of MT6/MMP25 expression enhances the ADCC capacity of NK cells, emphasizing the important functional role of MT6/MMP25 in the regulation of ADCC activity. Thus, this study uncovers a previously unknown role of MT6/MMP25 in human NK cells, and suggests that inhibition of MT6/MMP25 activity could improve ADCC efficacy of therapeutically administered NK cells that require IL-2 for culture and expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Peruzzi
- Receptor Cell Biology Section, Laboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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6
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NK cell CD16 surface expression and function is regulated by a disintegrin and metalloprotease-17 (ADAM17). Blood 2013; 121:3599-608. [PMID: 23487023 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2012-04-425397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fc receptor CD16 is present on essentially all CD56(dim) peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cells. Upon recognition of antibody-coated cells it delivers a potent signal to NK cells, which eliminate targets through direct killing and cytokine production. Here we investigated the regulation of CD16 surface expression after NK cell activation. Cytokine activation and target cell stimulation led to marked decreases in CD16 expression. Activation of CD56(dim) NK cells by cross-linking CD16 with antibodies resulted in a loss of CD16 and CD62L, which correlated with increased interferon-γ production. A disintegrin and metalloprotease-17 (ADAM17) is shown to be expressed by NK cells, and its selective inhibition abrogated CD16 and CD62L shedding, and led to enhanced interferon-γ production, especially when triggering was delivered through CD16. Fc-induced production of cytokines by NK cells exposed to rituximab-coated B cell targets was also enhanced by ADAM17 inhibition. This supports an important role for targeting ADAM17 to prevent CD16 shedding and improve the efficacy of therapeutic antibodies. Our findings demonstrate that over-activation of ADAM17 in NK cells may be detrimental to their effector functions by down-regulating surface expression of CD16 and CD62L.
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7
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Raveney BJE, Morgan DJ. Dynamic control of self-specific CD8+ T cell responses via a combination of signals mediated by dendritic cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:2870-9. [PMID: 17709501 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.5.2870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
It is acknowledged that T cell interactions with mature dendritic cells (DC) lead to immunity, whereas interactions with immature DC lead to tolerance induction. Using a transgenic murine system, we have examined how DC expressing self-peptides control naive, self-reactive CD8+ T cell responses in vitro and in vivo. We have shown, for the first time, that immature DC can also stimulate productive activation of naive self-specific CD8+ T cells, which results in extensive proliferation, the expression of a highly activated cell surface phenotype, and differentiation into autoimmune CTL. Conversely, mature DC can induce abortive activation of naive CD8+ T cells, which is characterized by low-level proliferation, the expression of a partially activated cell surface phenotype which does not result in autoimmune CTL. Critically, both CD8+ T cell responses are determined by a combination of signals mediated by the DC, and that altering any one of these signals dramatically shifts the balance between autoimmunity and self-tolerance induction. We hypothesize that DC maintain the steady state of self-tolerance among self-specific CD8+ T cells in an active and dynamic manner, licensing productive immune responses against self-tissues only when required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben J E Raveney
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Walk, Bristol, United Kingdom
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8
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Abstract
Cutaneous dendritic cells (DC) include epidermal Langerhans cells (LC), interstitial/dermal dendritic cells (DDC), as well as plasmacytoid DC (pDC) that occur under pathological conditions. These immune cells have a spectrum of different functions with implications that extend far beyond the skin. They have the potential to internalize particulate agents and macromolecules, and display migratory properties that endow them with the unique capacity to journey between skin and draining lymph nodes where they encounter antigen-specific T lymphocytes. Herein, we will review the features of human and mouse cutaneous DC, emphasizing characteristics representative of their life-cycle stages that occur within the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Valladeau
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, Dermatologie-Pavillon R, EA 3732, Hopital Ed Herriot, Pav R, 69437 Lyon cedex, France.
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9
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Buentke E, D'Amato M, Scheynius A. Malassezia enhances natural killer cell-induced dendritic cell maturation. Scand J Immunol 2004; 59:511-6. [PMID: 15140062 DOI: 10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01416.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Human natural killer (NK) cells can induce cell death in autologous dendritic cells (DCs), though an interaction between these two cell types can also lead to a reciprocal activation. We have recently shown cell contact between NK cells and DCs in vivo, in Malassezia-induced lesional skin of patients with atopic eczema, where the yeast acts as an allergen although it is part of the normal skin microflora. Here we characterize the interaction of human NK cells and monocyte-derived DCs (MDDCs) by using an in vitro system where short-term activated polyclonal NK cells are cocultured with autologous, immature, Malassezia-stimulated or lipopolysaccharide-matured MDDCs. We found that the number of CD83(+) MDDCs increased in the immature and Malassezia-stimulated MDDCs upon coculture with NK cells, while an increased number of CD86(+) cells was detected in the Malassezia-stimulated MDDCs. NK cell-MDDC interaction induced the production of interleukin-8 (IL-8). In conclusion, our results imply that NK cells provide maturation signals and may play a role in inducing IL-8 production in DCs. Furthermore, the increased expression of CD86 on Malassezia-stimulated MDDCs might have a function in subsequent T-cell activation by DCs, and indicate a role for NK cell-DC interaction in modulating the immune responses to microbial stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Buentke
- Department of Medicine, Clinical Allergy Research Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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Morón VG, Rueda P, Sedlik C, Leclerc C. In vivo, dendritic cells can cross-present virus-like particles using an endosome-to-cytosol pathway. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2003; 171:2242-50. [PMID: 12928368 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.5.2242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant parvovirus-like particles (PPV-VLPs) are particulate exogenous Ags that induce strong CTL response in the absence of adjuvant. In the present report to decipher the mechanisms responsible for CTL activation by such exogenous Ag, we analyzed ex vivo and in vitro the mechanisms of capture and processing of PPV-VLPs by dendritic cells (DCs). In vivo, PPV-VLPs are very efficiently captured by CD8alpha- and CD8alpha+ DCs and then localize in late endosomes of DCs. Macropinocytosis and lipid rafts participate in PPV-VLPs capture. Processing of PPV-VLPs does not depend upon recycling of MHC class I molecules, but requires vacuolar acidification as well as proteasome activity, TAP translocation, and neosynthesis of MHC class I molecules. This study therefore shows that in vivo DCs can cross-present PPV-VLPs using an endosome-to-cytosol processing pathway.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 2
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/physiology
- Actins/immunology
- Actins/metabolism
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/drug effects
- Antigen Presentation/genetics
- Brefeldin A
- Cell Line
- Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane/genetics
- Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane/immunology
- Coated Pits, Cell-Membrane/virology
- Cysteine Endopeptidases/metabolism
- Cytosol/immunology
- Cytosol/metabolism
- Cytosol/virology
- Dendritic Cells/drug effects
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/virology
- Endopeptidases/metabolism
- Endosomes/genetics
- Endosomes/immunology
- Endosomes/metabolism
- Endosomes/virology
- Female
- Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage
- Hybridomas
- Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
- Hydrolysis
- Membrane Microdomains/genetics
- Membrane Microdomains/immunology
- Membrane Microdomains/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multienzyme Complexes/metabolism
- Ovalbumin/administration & dosage
- Ovalbumin/genetics
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Ovalbumin/metabolism
- Parvovirus, Porcine/drug effects
- Parvovirus, Porcine/genetics
- Parvovirus, Porcine/immunology
- Parvovirus, Porcine/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/administration & dosage
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Pinocytosis/genetics
- Pinocytosis/immunology
- Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex
- Protein Binding/genetics
- Protein Binding/immunology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Vacuoles/enzymology
- Vacuoles/metabolism
- Vacuoles/virology
- Virion/drug effects
- Virion/genetics
- Virion/immunology
- Virion/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Gabriel Morón
- Unité de Biologie des Régulations Immunitaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, E352, Institut Pasteur, 25 rue du Docteur Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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11
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Frleta D, Demian D, Wade WF. Class II-targeted antigen is superior to CD40-targeted antigen at stimulating humoral responses in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2001; 1:265-75. [PMID: 11360928 DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5769(00)00032-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We examined the efficacy of using monoclonal antibodies to target antigen (avidin) to different surface molecules expressed on antigen presenting cells (APC). In particular, we targeted CD40 to test whether the "adjuvant" properties of CD40 signaling combined with targeted antigen would result in enhanced serologic responses. We targeted avidin to class II as a positive control and to CD11c as a negative control. These surface proteins represent an ensemble of surface molecules that signal upon ligation and that are expressed on professional APC, in particular dendritic cells (DC). We observed that targeting class II molecules on APC was superior to targeting CD40, or CD11c. However, CD40 and CD11c could function as targets for antigen bound monoclonal antibodies under certain conditions. Interestingly, inclusion of anti-CD40 mAb with the targeting anti-class II-targeted antigens negatively affects humoral response, suggesting that CD40 signaling under certain conditions may suppress processing and/or presentation of targeted antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Frleta
- Department of Microbiology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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12
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Dietz AB, Bulur PA, Knutson GJ, Matasić R, Vuk-Pavlović S. Maturation of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells studied by microarray hybridization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000; 275:731-8. [PMID: 10973791 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2000.3372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We compared the transcript profiles of human myeloid immature dendritic (IDC) cells and mature dendritic cells (MDC) by hybridization of cell-derived cDNA to DNA probes immobilized on microarrays. The microarrays contained probes for 4110 known genes. We report maturation-dependent changes in transcription of clusters of differentiation, cytokines, cytokine receptors, chemokines, chemokine receptors, neuropeptides, adhesion molecules, and other genes. We identified 1124 transcripts expressed in IDC and 1556 transcripts expressed in MDC. Maturation increased the levels of 291 transcripts twofold or more and reduced the levels of 78 transcripts to one-half or less than in IDC. We identified a concerted maturation-stage-dependent transcription of the variable chains of the members of the gamma-chain-cytokine receptor family IL-4R, IL-7R, and IL-15R. Also, we found the reversal of the ratio of transcripts for galectin-3 and galectin-9 upon maturation. We identified maturation-dependent changes in the levels of transcripts for numerous genes encoding proteins previously undetected in dendritic cells such as indoleamine 2,3-deoxygenase, Epstein-Barr virus induced protein 3 and kinesin-2. Moreover, MDC transcribed and translated insulin like growth factor-1 receptor, transforming growth factor alpha, and neuropeptide Y.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Dietz
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
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13
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Vecchiarelli A, Monari C, Palazzetti B, Bistoni F, Casadevall A. Dysregulation in IL-12 secretion by neutrophils from HIV-infected patients. Clin Exp Immunol 2000; 121:311-9. [PMID: 10931147 PMCID: PMC1905687 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2000.01278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally believed that neutrophils from HIV-infected patients are functionally competent, but several studies have shown impairment in neutrophil fungal killing and cytokine production. In this study we evaluated the ability of neutrophils from healthy donors and HIV-infected patients to produce IL-12 in response to stimulation with Candida albicans, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Cryptococcus neoformans (acapsular and encapsulated), with and without MoAb opsonization. Neutrophils from healthy donors secreted IL-12 in response to LPS or C. albicans but not in response to encapsulated or acapsular C. neoformans, regardless of MoAb opsonization. Surprisingly, neutrophils from HIV-infected patients demonstrated constitutive IL-12 production, although these cells were not responsive to LPS stimulation. The inability of MoAb to C. neoformans capsular polysaccharide to promote IL-12 production by neutrophils excludes phagocytosis and/or CD16 cross-linking in this process, and distinguishes neutrophils from monocytes. Our results provide additional evidence for cytokine dysregulation in neutrophils from HIV-infected patients. Furthermore, the IL-12 response of neutrophils and monocytes to CD16 stimulation appears to be different, suggesting differences in the role of these phagocytic cells during the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vecchiarelli
- Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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14
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Monari C, Kozel TR, Casadevall A, Pietrella D, Palazzetti B, Vecchiarelli A. B7 costimulatory ligand regulates development of the T-cell response to Cryptococcus neoformans. Immunology 1999; 98:27-35. [PMID: 10469230 PMCID: PMC2326901 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.1999.00853.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of B7 molecules to the induction and maintenance of the T-cell response to the human pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans was investigated. T-cell activation by C. neoformans was regulated by B7 molecules. This costimulatory signal was necessary for initiation and maintenance of the T-cell response, through early and late requirements for B7-CD28 interaction. Blocking B7-2 inhibited the normal T-cell proliferative response. This inhibition was due, in part, to a reduced capability of T cells to produce interleukin-2 (IL-2). In contrast, the same T-cell population produced more interferon-gamma. Suppression of the normal lymphoproliferation and IL-2 secretion responses to encapsulated C. neoformans by antibodies to B7 was largely reversed by addition of the monoclonal antibody 2H1, that is reactive with the major capsular polysaccharide, glucuronoxylomannan. Overall, our data indicate that B7 molecules play a critical role in T-cell activation by C. neoformans and suggest that appropriate manipulation could drive T helper type 1 cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Monari
- Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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15
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Mutini C, Falzoni S, Ferrari D, Chiozzi P, Morelli A, Baricordi OR, Collo G, Ricciardi-Castagnoli P, Di Virgilio F. Mouse Dendritic Cells Express the P2X7 Purinergic Receptor: Characterization and Possible Participation in Antigen Presentation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.163.4.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Immune cells express P2 purinoceptors of the P2Y and P2X subtypes. In the present work, we show that three dendritic cell (DC) lines, D2SC/1, CB1, and FSDC, representative of immature DCs, express the P2X7 (formerly P2Z) receptor, as judged from RT-PCR amplification, reactivity to a specific antiserum, and pharmacological and functional evidence. Receptor expression is higher in FSDC cells, a cell line that is functionally more mature than D2SC/1 and CB1. From the wild-type DC population, we selected cell clones lacking the P2X7R (P2X7less). We also used a P2XR blocker, oxidized ATP, to irreversibly inhibit the P2X7R. Ability of P2X7less FSDCs or of oxidized ATP-inhibited FSDCs to stimulate Ag-specific TH lymphocytes was severely decreased although Ag endocytosis was minimally affected. During coculture with TH lymphocytes, wild-type FSDC secreted large amounts of IL-1β. Release of this cytokine was reduced in P2X7less DCs. These data show that DCs express the P2X7 purinoceptor and suggest a correlation between P2X7R expression and Ag-presenting activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - O. Roberto Baricordi
- †Medical Genetics, Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine, and
- Sections of
- ‡Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Sections of
| | - Ginetta Collo
- ¶Glaxo-Wellcome Research and Development, Geneva, Switzerland
- Sections of
| | - Paola Ricciardi-Castagnoli
- §National Research Council (CNR) Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Center, Milan, Italy; and
- Sections of
| | - Francesco Di Virgilio
- *General Pathology and
- Sections of
- ‡Biotechnology Center, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Sections of
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16
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Retini C, Casadevall A, Pietrella D, Monari C, Palazzetti B, Vecchiarelli A. Specific Activated T Cells Regulate IL-12 Production by Human Monocytes Stimulated with Cryptococcus neoformans. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.162.3.1618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
IL-12 production mediated by a T cell-independent and/or T cell-dependent pathway was investigated in human monocytes responding to Cryptococcus neoformans. The data of this study showed that: 1) appreciable levels of IL-12 were observed when freshly isolated monocytes were exposed to acapsular C. neoformans or Candida albicans and secretion occurred within 24–48 h of incubation; 2) monocytes alone were poor producers of IL-12 when stimulated with encapsulated C. neoformans; 3) the presence of specific anti-glucuronoxylomannan mAb favored IL-12 secretion and Fc cross-linking could play a role; 4) monocytes were able to secrete consistent levels of IL-12 when cultured with activated T cells responding to C. neoformans; 5) the maximum secretion of IL-12 was observed at 5–7 days of culture and was strongly regulated by the presence of endogenous IFN-γ; and 6) the interaction between CD40 on monocytes and CD40 ligand on activated T lymphocytes responding to C. neoformans played a critical role in IL-12 secretion. These data highlight the mechanisms of IL-12 production by human monocytes exposed to C. neoformans, indicating a possible biphasic secretion of IL-12, dependent on the direct effect of fungal insult, and characterized by consistent secretion of IL-12 that is dependent on the interaction of CD40 with the CD40 ligand expressed on activated T cells responding to C. neoformans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Retini
- *Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; and
| | | | - Donatella Pietrella
- *Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; and
| | - Claudia Monari
- *Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; and
| | - Barbara Palazzetti
- *Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; and
| | - Anna Vecchiarelli
- *Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy; and
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