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Voorter CE, Hepkema BG, Mulkers EM, Lems SP, van den Berg-Loonen EM. Identification of two new HLA-B22 variants, HLA-B*5509 and B*5606. TISSUE ANTIGENS 2001; 58:42-6. [PMID: 11580856 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-0039.2001.580108.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In our recent study using high-resolution HLA-B locus typing by sequence-based typing (SBT) we identified 9 new alleles in a total of 355 unrelated individuals (4). Three of them concerned an allele belonging to the B22 group. One of them, B*5607, showed the unusual presence of a Bw4 sequence motif, as described previously (5). In this report the other two B22 variants are described; one belonging to the B55 specificity and named B*5509; the other one being a B*56 allele and assigned B*5606, which brings the total number of alleles belonging to the B22 group to 18.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Voorter
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, University Hospital Maastricht, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
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2
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3
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Varney MD, Boyle AJ, Tait BD. Molecular typing and haplotypic associations of HLA-B*44 subtypes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOGENETICS : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH SOCIETY FOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY AND IMMUNOGENETICS 1995; 22:215-20. [PMID: 7605780 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.1995.tb00233.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of HLA-B44 is confirmed and the sequence difference between the two major subtypes, B*4402, *4403, is attributed to one polymorphic site in the third exon. A method is described to discriminate B*4402 and B*4403, and the occurrence and linkage disequilibrium of B*44 subtypes is discussed. No example of B*4401 polymorphism in exon 2 was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Varney
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia
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4
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Yao Z, Keller E, Scholz S, McNicholas A, Volgger A, Albert ED. Identification of two major HLA-B44 subtypes and a novel B44 sequence (B*4404). Oligotyping and solid phase sequencing of polymerase chain reaction products. Hum Immunol 1995; 42:54-60. [PMID: 7751160 DOI: 10.1016/0198-8859(94)00071-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PCR-based analyses were performed for the identification of HLA-B44 subgroups. Genomic DNA from six homozygous cell lines and 44 healthy individuals who had serologically tested positive for HLA-B44 was investigated for polymorphism in exons 2 and 3 of the HLA-B44 genes. Two primers were designed for specific amplification of the B*4401 allele in exon 2. None of the tested genomic DNAs, including the cell line "BAU-J" from which the sequence of B*4401 was derived, was amplified successfully using these primers, indicating that the B*4401 sequence may not be correct in position 242-244. For identification of the B*4402 and *4403 subtypes we specifically amplified the B44 gene in exon 3 using two sequence-specific primers. The PCR products, which were obtained from all B44-positive samples (n = 50) and from none of the B44-negative controls (n = 20), were subsequently hybridized with the dig-ddUTP-labeled oligonucleotides. The base substitution at position 146, as described previously for B*4401 and *4402 (C for G), could not be confirmed by oligonucleotide hybridization. In contrast, the oligonucleotide typing for G in position 146 gave positive signals in all B44-positive samples. Except for one, HLA-B44-positive DNAs from LCLs and healthy individuals could be divided into two subgroups according to the polymorphic region in position 195-197. Out of 44 unrelated individuals with B44, 27 (61%) were positive for B*4402 and 16 (36%) were positive for B*4403.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Yao
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, University of Munich, Germany
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5
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Tiercy JM, Djavad N, Rufer N, Speiser DE, Jeannet M, Roosnek E. Oligotyping of HLA-A2, -A3, and -B44 subtypes. Detection of subtype incompatibilities between patients and their serologically matched unrelated bone marrow donors. Hum Immunol 1994; 41:207-15. [PMID: 7868376 DOI: 10.1016/0198-8859(94)90038-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We have set up a simple PCR-SSO oligotyping procedure that is able to discriminate ten HLA-A2 (2 PCR/11 probes), two HLA-A3 (1 PCR/1 probe), and two HLA-B44 subtypes (1 PCR/2 probes). The frequency of these subtypes has been determined in a large panel of local blood donors and leukemic patients in combination with their unrelated potential donors. A*0201 and A*0301 were the predominant subtypes (> 95%) for A2 and A3, respectively. B*4402 occurred twice as frequently as B*4403. A2 and B44 subtype mismatches were analyzed in a group of 30 patients and their 116 unrelated potential donors who were matched serologically (low-stringency matching: AB without splits, DR1-10). For seven patients (23%) at least one A2- or B44-subtype-mismatched donor was found. For two of these patients (7%), the subtype-mismatched donor would have been considered as compatible on the basis of high stringency matching (AB splits, DRB1 subtypes, DRB3/B5). For one patient of Mediterranean origin, all five donors recruited from a north European registry (matched with high stringency) appeared to be subtype incompatible (A*0201/A*0205). The rather low percentage of A2- and B4-subtype mismatches in DRB1/B3/B5 matched combinations confirms the significance of linkage disequilibria of HLA antigens. Because unrelated donor selection is done through international registries, however, class I subtyping might be necessary when individuals originate from different geographic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Tiercy
- Transplantation Immunology Unit, Cantonal Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
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6
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Gauchat-Feiss D, Breur-Vriesendorp BS, Rufer N, Jeannet M, Roosnek E, Tiercy JM. Sequencing of a novel functional HLA-B44 subtype differing in two residues in the alpha 2 domain. TISSUE ANTIGENS 1994; 44:261-4. [PMID: 7871527 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.1994.tb02392.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Gauchat-Feiss
- Transplantation Immunology Unit, Hôpital Cantonal Universitaire, Geneva, Switzerland
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7
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Dupont B. TCC not TTC: the integrity of the HLA nucleotide sequence database. TISSUE ANTIGENS 1994; 44:209-10. [PMID: 7871520 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.1994.tb02384.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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8
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Petersdorf EW, Setoda T, Smith AG, Hansen JA. Analysis of HLA-B*44 alleles encoded on extended HLA haplotypes by direct automated sequencing. TISSUE ANTIGENS 1994; 44:211-6. [PMID: 7871521 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.1994.tb02385.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We developed a PCR-based approach to sequence exons 2 and 3 of HLA-B44 alleles from genomic DNA. We applied this method to determine the B44 alleles encoded on extended HLA-A, B, DRB1, DQB1 haplotypes and the degree of mismatching for B44 alleles among marrow transplant patients and their unrelated donors (URD). A total of 81 samples was studied and included 38 patients, 42 donors and the cell "FMB"; the 80 clinical samples were comprised of 8 unpaired patients, 12 unpaired donors, and 30 URD-recipient pairs. Three alleles encoding B44 were identified, B*4402 (N = 51), 4403 (N = 32) and a new allele designated B*44KB and named B*4405 (N = 4). Of the 27 patients for whom family study was available, there were 13 different B*4402, 7 different B*4403 and 2 new B*4405 haplotypes. HLA-A2, Cw*0501, B*4402, DRB1*0401, DQB1*0301 (n = 2); A2, Cw*0501, B*4402, DRB1*1501, DRB5*0101, DQB1*0602 (n = 2); and HLA-A29, Cw*1601, B*4403, DRB1*0701, DQB1*0201 (n = 5) comprised the most common patient haplotypes. Of 30 URD-recipient transplant pairs studied, 27 were HLA-A, B serologically matched and DRB1, DRB3, DRB5, DQB1 allele matched, and 3 pairs were DRB1-mismatched. All B44 allele mismatching (N = 3) occurred among the 27 matched pairs. The novel B*4402-variant sequence, HLA-B*4405, was identified in 4 individuals, and in each case was associated with an HLA-B44, Cw*02022, DRB1*0101, DQB1*0501 haplotype. HLA-B*4405 and B*4402 are identical in exon 2; in exon 3 however, B*4405 encodes T instead of G at nucleotide position 75 which translates to a substitution of tyrosine for aspartic acid at codon 116.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Petersdorf
- Division of Clinical Research, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA
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9
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Cella M, Longo A, Ferrara GB, Strominger JL, Colonna M. NK3-specific natural killer cells are selectively inhibited by Bw4-positive HLA alleles with isoleucine 80. J Exp Med 1994; 180:1235-42. [PMID: 7931060 PMCID: PMC2191670 DOI: 10.1084/jem.180.4.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell clones have been previously described which are inhibited by HLA-C alleles with Asn77-Lys80 (NK1-specific cells) or by HLA-C alleles with Ser77-Asn80 (NK2-specific cells). In the present work, the generation of NK cells with HLA-B-related specificities was attempted by stimulation of a Bw4 homozygous responder by a Bw6 homozygous donor. Two NK clones were found, which were inhibited by HLA-Bw4 (but not by HLA-Bw6) allotypes and by some HLA-A allotypes that share the Bw4 public epitope. Inhibition of NK cell-mediated lysis strongly correlated with the presence of an Ile residue at position 80 of the protective allele. These NK cell clones define a new specificity termed NK3.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Cella
- Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genova, Italy
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10
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Tamaki J, Arimura Y, Koda T, Fujimoto S, Fujino T, Wakisaka A, Kakinuma M. Heterogeneity of HLA-G genes identified by polymerase chain reaction/single strand conformational polymorphism (PCR/SSCP). Microbiol Immunol 1993; 37:633-40. [PMID: 8246825 DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1993.tb01686.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A genomic HLA-G clone named 7.0E was isolated from a Japanese placenta. The deduced amino acid sequence of the 7.0E was identical to two HLA-G genomic clones and two cDNA clones previously described. The DNA sequences of alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains of the HLA-G gene from 5 cell lines also encoded the same amino acids. However, a 14 bp insertion, ATTTGTTCATGCCT, was present in the 3' untranslated region of 7.0E compared with the originally described HLA-G clone (HLA 6.0). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of exon 8 allowed the HLA-G gene to be classified into two alternative types, G6.0 and 7.0 E, those correlated to the absence or the presence of the 14 bp stretch. Each group had minor sequence variant(s), and the alleles of the 7.0E-type were more heterogeneous than those of the G6.0-type. The 14 bp deletion is present only in the G6.0-type of HLA-G alleles among HLA class I genes. Thus it was suggested that G6.0 alleles were generated after diversification of the HLA-G.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tamaki
- Institute of Immunological Science, Hokkaido University, Japan
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11
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Lin L, Tokunaga K, Ogawa A, Ishikawa Y, Kashiwase K, Akaza T, Kuwata S, Tadokoro K, Juji T. Genotyping and association analysis of HLA-B61 in Japanese. Hum Immunol 1993; 37:95-100. [PMID: 7901185 DOI: 10.1016/0198-8859(93)90147-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of HLA-B61-related alleles, B*4002-B*4006, was examined in the Japanese population by using PCR-SSO and PCR-RFLP methods. About half of the B61-positive individuals possessed B*4002 and the remaining half possessed B*4006. In addition, these two major B61 alleles were separately associated with different HLA-C alleles: B*4002 exhibited a strong linkage disequilibrium with Cw10, whereas B*4006 was strongly associated with C blank and DR9. Amino acid residues that contribute to the serologic epitopes of the B61 group and their relationships with other HLA-B locus antigens are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lin
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Summers CW, Hampson VJ, Taylor GM. HLA class I non-coding nucleotide sequences, 1992. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOGENETICS : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE BRITISH SOCIETY FOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY AND IMMUNOGENETICS 1993; 20:201-40. [PMID: 8338817 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.1993.tb00111.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We present a compilation of the nucleotide sequences of the non-coding regions of the human HLA class I genes which complements previously published information on exon sequences. The listing includes the 5' and 3' untranslated (UT) regions, and introns 1-7. The HLA class I loci and their alleles from which non-coding sequences were derived are listed in Table 1, together with source references. Where possible, locus and allele designations follow the Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system 1991 (Bodmer et al., 1992). In aligning sequences, nucleotides which are conserved between all class I genes are specified only by the consensus sequence, and are indicated by a hyphen (-). To maintain the alignment between different alleles, an asterisk (*) is inserted where there is a gap in the sequence. An unavailable sequence is indicated by a period (.). Regions of sequence too diverse to be accurately compared are represented by an exclamation mark (!). Sequence motifs previously classified as having an important role in HLA class I regulation or processing, such as enhancer sequences, are identified at the bottom of the sequence comparison. It is not our intention in this paper to present an analysis of the many features revealed by this compilation. However, we hope that the information will provide important reference material for studies of HLA class I mRNA processing (Cianetti et al., 1989), promoter regulation (David-Watine et al., 1990) and in the design of allele, locus or region specific PCR primers (Summers et al., 1991). We hope to update this compilation in due course, and we would welcome sequence information not included in this publication, as well as comments and corrections that help to maintain the accuracy of the information.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Summers
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, St Marys Hospital, Manchester, UK
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13
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Ge J, Bratlie A, Hannestad K. A cytotoxic monoclonal human hybridoma antibody (TrJ3) against HLA-B44(12) and -B45(12). TISSUE ANTIGENS 1992; 39:258-61. [PMID: 1384167 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.1992.tb01944.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We have generated a human monoclonal cytotoxic IgM lambda antibody (TrJ3) that reacted specifically with all lymphoblastoid B-cell lines expressing HLA-B44(12) and B45(12). TrJ3 hybridoma supernatant was suitable for HLA-B12 typing of freshly isolated blood mononuclear cells. Analysis of available amino acid sequences of HLA-B molecules indicated that the alpha 1 domain does not contain the TrJ3 serological epitope. Since HLA-B44 is associated with a unique serine residue at position 167 that points towards the peptide binding groove, we propose that S167 of the alpha 2 domain helix is a critical part of the TrJ3 epitope.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ge
- Department of Immunology, University of Tromsø, School of Medicine, Norway
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14
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Summers CW, Woodcock V, Pook MA, Strachan T. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of transcriptional patterns of expression of class I HLA genes. Hum Immunol 1991; 32:176-82. [PMID: 1774198 DOI: 10.1016/0198-8859(91)90054-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In order to study transcriptional patterns of expression of individual class I HLA genes we have constructed a series of cDNA libraries from human cell lines including normal lymphoblastoid cell lines MANN and HOM2, two colorectal carcinoma cell lines, WiDr and SW480, and a fetal lung fibroblast cell line, MRC-5. Between 0.5 and 1 x 10(6) independent clones were screened in each library using a class I HLA-specific DNA probe and the frequency of class I HLA cDNA clones was found to vary between 0.23% (WiDr) and 0.76% (HOM2). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based analyses of possible alternative splicing events showed that each of 161 class I HLA cDNA clones which had insert sizes exceeding 0.6 kb exhibited normal splicing patterns for exons 5 and 6. Similar PCR-based analyses in clones with appropriately large inserts revealed no exceptions to the normal splicing patterns for each of exons 2, 3, 4, and 7. Sixty of the class I HLA cDNA clones selected from the WiDr, MRC-5, and MANN cDNA libraries were assigned to individual loci following identification of locus-specific DNA sequences by PCR sequencing across exon 5. The sequences obtained from the 60 clones were each interpreted to correspond to one of the classical loci, HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-C. While representatives of the HLA-A locus predominated in the MANN library, HLA-B-specific clones were the most abundant in the WiDr and MRC-5 libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Summers
- University Department of Medical Genetics, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
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15
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Kuhner MK, Lawlor DA, Ennis PD, Parham P. Gene conversion in the evolution of the human and chimpanzee MHC class I loci. TISSUE ANTIGENS 1991; 38:152-64. [PMID: 1801305 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.1991.tb01889.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Sixty-five DNA sequences from human and chimpanzee major histocompatibility complex class I loci were searched for statistical evidence of past gene conversion. Twenty-four potential conversions were detected; they were distributed across both variable and conserved portions of the gene, and involved both classical and non-classical loci. The majority spanned less than 100 bp, comparable in length to the conversions observed in spontaneous mutations in mice. Both within-locus and between-locus conversions were observed. Certain areas of the antigen recognition site appear to have been the target for multiple conversion events. The implications of these findings for the evolution of the class I multigene family are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Kuhner
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley
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16
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Nouri AM, Bergbaum A, Lederer E, Crosby D, Shamsa A, Oliver RT. Paired tumour infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) and tumour cell line from bladder cancer: a new approach to study tumour immunology in vitro. Eur J Cancer 1991; 27:608-12. [PMID: 1828972 DOI: 10.1016/0277-5379(91)90241-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports the first example of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and a tumour cell line from the same individual and analyses their characteristics. The tumour cell line (CAT), derived from a patient with well-differentiated (G3pTa) TCC, has been in culture for 24 months and subcultured more than 100 times. Epithelial origin was established by electronmicroscopy and use of a range of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against cytokeratins. The TILs isolated from the same tumour expressed all the phenotypic characteristics of normal activated T cells and demonstrated low levels of cytotoxicity against the autologous tumour line (CAT). Comparison of cell surface molecules of these cells revealed the loss of HLA-B7, B44 and Bw6 from the CAT cells whilst maintaining HLA-A2, A3 and Bw4. Karyotypic analysis demonstrated three rearranged chromosomes (between chromosomes 4 and 11, 10 and 13, 11 and 17) on CAT cells. The potential that study of paired autologous tumour cells and TILs in culture offers for studying the role of MHC antigens in tumour rejection and the impact of different approaches to correcting the defect are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Nouri
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel, U.K
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17
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Hughes AL. Independent gene duplications, not concerted evolution, explain relationships among class I MHC genes of murine rodents. Immunogenetics 1991; 33:367-73. [PMID: 2050391 DOI: 10.1007/bf00216696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
It has been claimed that class I MHC loci are homogenized within species by frequent events of interlocus genetic exchange ("concerted evolution"). Evidence for this process includes the fact that certain rat class I loci (including RT1.A) located centromeric to class II and class III are more similar to each other than to the mouse K locus (also centromeric to class II/class III). However, a phylogenetic analysis showed that the rat RT1.A locus is in fact orthologous to the mouse K1 pseudogene (also centromeric to class II/class III). Thus, two independent events of translocation of genes centromeric to class II/class III have occurred in the history of the murine rodents, at least one of which (involving the ancestor of RT1.A and K1) occurred prior to the divergence of rat and mouse. It was also found that the rat nonclassical class I gene RT.BM1 is orthologous to the mouse nonclassical gene 37d. These results argue that interlocus genetic exchange does not occur at a rate sufficient to cause within-species homogenization of class I MHC loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Hughes
- Department of Biology, Mueller Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
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18
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Fleischhauer K, Kernan NA, Dupont B, Yang SY. The two major subtypes of HLA-B44 differ for a single amino acid in codon 156. TISSUE ANTIGENS 1991; 37:133-7. [PMID: 1871765 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.1991.tb01859.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Fleischhauer
- Laboratories of Human and Biochemical Immunogenetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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19
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Haga JA, She JX, Kao KJ. Biochemical characterization of 39-kDa class I histocompatibility antigen in plasma. A secretable membrane protein derived from transmembrane domain deletion. J Biol Chem 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)67850-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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20
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Fleischhauer K, Kernan NA, O'Reilly RJ, Dupont B, Yang SY. Bone marrow-allograft rejection by T lymphocytes recognizing a single amino acid difference in HLA-B44. N Engl J Med 1990; 323:1818-22. [PMID: 2247120 DOI: 10.1056/nejm199012273232607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Fleischhauer
- Laboratory of Human Immunogenetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021
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21
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Bodmer JG, Marsh SG, Parham P, Erlich HA, Albert E, Bodmer WF, Dupont B, Mach B, Mayr WR, Sasazuki T. Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 1989. Hum Immunol 1990; 28:326-42. [PMID: 2373648 DOI: 10.1016/0198-8859(90)90060-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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22
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Ennis PD, Zemmour J, Salter RD, Parham P. Rapid cloning of HLA-A,B cDNA by using the polymerase chain reaction: frequency and nature of errors produced in amplification. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1990; 87:2833-7. [PMID: 2320591 PMCID: PMC53785 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.87.7.2833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A method for cloning full-length HLA-A,B cDNA (1.1 kilobases) by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is described. Six HLA-A,B alleles (HLA-A2, -A25, -B7, -B37, -B51, and -B57) were cloned, and their structures were determined. Multiple PCR clones for each allele were sequenced to obtain both an accurate consensus sequence and an "authentic" clone having that sequence. Sequences from 50 clones encoding five different alleles permit assessment of the frequency and nature of PCR-produced errors. These include recombinations, deletions, and insertions in addition to point substitutions. Authentic clones were obtained at a frequency of between 30% and 70%, and analysis of three or four clones generally should be sufficient for characterization of an allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Ennis
- Department of Cell Biology, Stanford University, CA 94305
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23
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24
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Bodmer JG, Marsh SG, Parham P, Erlich HA, Albert E, Bodmer WF, Dupont B, Mach B, Mayr WR, Sasazuki T. Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 1989. Immunobiology 1990; 180:278-92. [PMID: 2111798 DOI: 10.1016/s0171-2985(11)80335-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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25
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26
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Bodmer JG, Marsh SG, Parham P, Erlich HA, Albert E, Bodmer WF, Dupont B, Mach B, Mayr WR, Sasazuki T. Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 1989. TISSUE ANTIGENS 1990; 35:1-8. [PMID: 2305394 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.1990.tb01749.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J G Bodmer
- Imperial Cancer Research Fund, London, UK
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27
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van Hoof M, de Geus JP, Roos M, Brown C, Jacobs H, Ploegh H. The primary structure of a feline class I gene: striking similarity to HLA-A. Immunogenetics 1989; 30:330-4. [PMID: 2807422 DOI: 10.1007/bf02425272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The sequence of a feline class I pseudogene and its comparison with class I genes from other species is presented. The gene isolated is a pseudogene because of the presence of four stop codons and two frame shift mutations in the first- and second-domain encoding exons, as well as a mutation in a splice acceptor site in the third intron. By sequence comparison with the other class I sequences determined to date, the FLA pseudogene is most closely related to the HLA-A locus products (88% nucleotide identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M van Hoof
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam
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28
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López-Larrea C, Arnaiz-Villena A. The "public" determinants HLA-Bw4/Bw6 do not generate cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). Cell Immunol 1989; 123:441-4. [PMID: 2790969 DOI: 10.1016/0008-8749(89)90303-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The human leucocyte antigens (HLA)-Bw4/Bw6 antigens detected serologically are "public" determinants located in the HLA-B molecule. They do not generate cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in primary allogeneic cultures (mixed lymphocyte antigens) and secondary (primed lymphocyte typing) cultures indicate that they do not behave like normal HLA "private" cell-mediated lympholysis determinants. Therefore, the contribution of the 79-83 (alpha 1) residues in the generation of the epitopes Bw4/Bw6 does not seem to be critical for the examination by T cell receptor in allogeneic CML. The different overlapping patterns of the serological and CTL examinations are discussed, based on the structure of HLA class I antigens.
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29
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Müller CA, Engler-Blum G, Gekeler V, Steiert I, Weiss E, Schmidt H. Genetic and serological heterogeneity of the supertypic HLA-B locus specificities Bw4 and Bw6. Immunogenetics 1989; 30:200-7. [PMID: 2777338 DOI: 10.1007/bf02421207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Gene cloning and sequencing of the HLA-B locus split antigens B38 (B16.1) and B39 (B16.2) allowed localization of their subtypic as well as their public specificities HLA-Bw4 or -Bw6 to the alpha-helical region of the alpha 1 domain flanked by the amino acid positions 74-83. Comparison of their amino acid sequences with those of other HLA-B-locus alleles established HLA-Bw6 to be distinguished by Ser at residue 77 and Asn at residue 80. In contrast, HLA-Bw4 is characterized by at least seven different patterns of amino acid exchanges at positions 77 and 80-83. Reactivity patterns of Bw4- or Bw6-specific monoclonal antibodies reveal two alloantigenic epitopes contributing to the HLA-Bw4 or -Bw6 specificity residing next to the region of highest diversity of the alpha 1 domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Müller
- Medizinische Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik, Abteilung II, Tübingen, Federal Republic of Germany
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30
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Harpprecht J, Olde K, Westphal E, Müller-Ruchholtz W. Serological mapping of HLA-epitopes with monoclonal antibodies and its interpretation by sequenced HLA-molecules. TISSUE ANTIGENS 1989; 34:170-8. [PMID: 2480657 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.1989.tb01733.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
For the study of the epitope distribution on HLA class I molecules, blocking studies were carried out with a competitive radioimmuno assay using 3H labelled monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against various HLA epitopes. The results were discussed with the help of known HLA amino acid sequences, and the positions of the following epitopes were suggested: A2/Aw69; A2/28; A2/11/25/26/28/29/30/31/Aw33/34; A25/32; Bw4; B7/Bw22,42; Bw6.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Harpprecht
- Department of Immunology, University of Kiel, FRG
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31
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Pohla H, Kuon W, Tabaczewski P, Doerner C, Weiss EH. Allelic variation in HLA-B and HLA-C sequences and the evolution of the HLA-B alleles. Immunogenetics 1989; 29:297-307. [PMID: 2714852 DOI: 10.1007/bf00352839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Several new HLA-B (B8, B51, Bw62)- and HLA-C (Cw6, Cw7)-specific genes were isolated either as genomic cosmid or cDNA clones to study the diversity of HLA antigens. The allele specificities were identified by sequence analysis in comparison with published HLA-B and -C sequences, by transfection experiments, and Southern and northern blot analysis using oligonucleotide probes. Comparison of the classical HLA-A, -B, and -C sequences reveals that allele-specific substitutions seem to be rare events. HLA-B51 codes only for one allele-specific residue: arginine at position 81 located on the alpha 1 helix, pointing toward the antigen binding site. HLA-B8 contains an acidic substitution in amino acid position 9 on the first central beta sheet which might affect antigen binding capacity, perhaps in combination with the rare replacement at position 67 (F) on the alpha 1 helix. HLA-B8 shows greatest homology to HLA-Bw42, -Bw41, -B7, and -Bw60 antigens, all of which lack the conserved restriction sites Pst I at position 180 and Sac I at position 131. Both sites associated with amino acid replacements seem to be genetic markers of an evolutionary split of the HLA-B alleles, which is also observed in the leader sequences. HLA-Cw7 shows 98% sequence identity to the JY328 gene. In general, the HLA-C alleles display lower levels of variability in the highly polymorphic regions of the alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains, and have more distinct patterns of locus-specific residues in the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. Thus we propose a more recent origin for the HLA-C locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pohla
- Institute for Immunology, University of Munich, Federal Republic of Germany
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32
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Kato K, Dupont B, Yang SY. Localization of nucleotide sequence which determines Mongoloid subtype of HLA-B13. Immunogenetics 1989; 29:117-20. [PMID: 2914710 DOI: 10.1007/bf00395860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Kato
- Laboratories of Human and Biochemical Immunogenetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021
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33
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Trapani JA, Mizuno S, Kang SH, Yang SY, Dupont B. Molecular mapping of a new public HLA class I epitope shared by all HLA-B and HLA-C antigens and defined by a monoclonal antibody. Immunogenetics 1989; 29:25-32. [PMID: 2461903 DOI: 10.1007/bf02341610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
It has previously been shown that a mouse monoclonal antibody, designated 4E, reacts with an epitope common to all HLA-B and -C antigens and those of the HLA-Aw19 cross-reactive group, namely, HLA-A29, -A30, -A31, -A32, -Aw33, and -Aw74. In order to pinpoint the amino acid residues which comprise the public specificity recognized by 4E, and HLA-A29 cDNA clone was isolated and its predicted amino acid sequence compared with those of other cloned HLA class I genes. The isolated HLA-A29 cDNA corresponded to the rarer of the two A29 variant alleles, A29.1. Two amino acid residues of HLA-A29.1, gln-144 and arg-151, were found in all 24 HLA-B and HLA-C alleles examined but were present in only one of 15 HLA-A alleles for which sequence data are available. Importantly, this exceptional allele was HLA-A32, another member of the HLA-Aw19 cross-reactive group. Gln-144 and arg-151 should be capable of jointly contributing to the binding site for 4E, as they are situated in successive alpha-helical subregions and are predicted to be juxtaposed in the three-dimensional HLA molecule. Four other residues in the first or second external domains of HLA-A29.1 (thr-9, leu-62, gln-63, and his-102) were unique among the HLA-A alleles, but none of these was found in corresponding positions of HLA-B of -C alleles and thus failed to correlate with presence or absence of the 4E determinant. These observations are consistent with the notion that gln-144 and arg-151 define a determinant common to HLA-B, HLA-C, and the HLA-Aw19 cross-reactive group and the binding site of the monoclonal antibody 4E.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Trapani
- Laboratory of Human Immunogenetics, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021
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34
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Abstract
Recent investigation of the possible role of bacteria in the pathogenesis of AS has provided very interesting data. What is at present lacking is a clear demonstration that the findings point to the actual mechanisms involved in the initiation of the disorder. Rapid progress in three related areas of research gives hope that, in the relatively near future, the genetic basis for susceptibility to AS will be elucidated. These are the demonstration of the detailed structure of an HLA class I molecule, of the primary amino acid structure of B27 heavy chain with its subtypes, and of the nature of the interaction between foreign proteins and MHC molecules which leads to antibody and cytotoxic cell responses. It is just possible that the B27 molecules have a disease-promoting capability because of some structural characteristic independent of their antigen binding site. However, it may perhaps be considered more likely that it is the propensity of the specific antigen-binding site itself to bind to a particular group of antigenic peptides that will explain the susceptibility of B27-positive individuals to several clinical disorders. The ability to study the properties of antigenic epitopes which preferentially bind to the very variable binding site of different MHC molecules raises the possibility of revealing the antigenic structures which bind to B27 molecules in patients with AS. This could in turn lead to the source of these antigens in the environment. There has been a tendency to assume that one simple model will explain all the B27-associated disorders but it may be preferable to keep an open mind about the possibility that the mechanisms involved in AS, in the bacteria-induced acute arthropathies and in acute anterior uveitis may not be identical. At the same time, there is a need to continue further direct investigation of the role of microbiological agents in AS both in vitro and in vivo, as ultimately it is most likely that, by blocking the effects of such agents as may be shown to be involved, progress in our ability to influence the progress of the disease in a fundamental way will be achieved. There is still little information as to how the tissues involved in AS come to be the particular targets of the pathological process and currently proposed theories of pathogenesis have not yet provided very satisfactory answers to this problem.
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35
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Hughes AL, Nei M. Pattern of nucleotide substitution at major histocompatibility complex class I loci reveals overdominant selection. Nature 1988; 335:167-70. [PMID: 3412472 DOI: 10.1038/335167a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1282] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) loci are known to be highly polymorphic in humans, mice and certain other mammals, with heterozygosity as high as 80-90% (ref. 1). Four different hypotheses have been proposed to explain this high degree of polymorphism: (1) a high mutation rate, (2) gene conversion or interlocus genetic exchange, (3) over dominant selection and (4) frequency-dependent selection. In an attempt to establish which of these hypotheses is correct, we examined the pattern of nucleotide substitution between polymorphic alleles in the region of the antigen recognition site (ARS) and other regions of human and mouse class I MHC genes. The results indicate that in ARS the rate of nonsynonymous (amino acid altering) substitution is significantly higher than that of synonymous substitution in both humans and mice, whereas in other regions the reverse is true. This observation, together with a theoretical study and other considerations, supports the hypothesis of overdominant selection (heterozygote advantage).
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Hughes
- Center for Demographic and Population Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston 77225
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36
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de Waal LP, van der Meer C, van der Horst AR, van der Velde FH. A new public antigen shared by all HLA-A locus products except HLA-A23, -A24, -A32, and -A25 is probably influenced by the amino acid residue at position 79 in the alpha 1 domain. Immunogenetics 1988; 28:211-3. [PMID: 2457550 DOI: 10.1007/bf00375862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L P de Waal
- Central Laboratory, Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, Amsterdam
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37
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Abu-Hadid MM, Fuji H, Sood AK. Identification of an alternatively spliced Kd and the Qa-6d mRNAs by using amplified cDNA. Mol Immunol 1988; 25:739-49. [PMID: 3141798 DOI: 10.1016/0161-5890(88)90110-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We have employed the primer chain reaction method for direct sequencing of H-2 mRNAs. This approach is highly sensitive and permits quantitation and sequencing of the canonical as well as alternatively spliced mRNAs that may be expressed at 5-10% level in comparison to the major H-2 species. Using this technique, we have identified a novel species of alternatively spliced Kd mRNA expressed in L1210 lymphoma and in the spleen and liver of DBA/2 mice. Similarly, we found a previously described alternatively spliced species of H-2Dd mRNA to be expressed in L1210 lymphoma and have determined the sequence of the cytoplasmic domain of Ld mRNA. In addition, we have identified a Class I MHC transcript presumably encoded by a gene allelic to Q6 gene of BALB/c mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Abu-Hadid
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263
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38
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Parham P, Lomen CE, Lawlor DA, Ways JP, Holmes N, Coppin HL, Salter RD, Wan AM, Ennis PD. Nature of polymorphism in HLA-A, -B, and -C molecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1988; 85:4005-9. [PMID: 3375250 PMCID: PMC280349 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.85.11.4005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diversity in 39 HLA-A, -B, and -C molecules is derived from 20 amino acid positions of high variability and 71 positions of low variability. Variation in the structurally homologous alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains is distinct and may correlate with partial segregation of peptide and T-cell receptor binding functions. Comparison of 15 HLA-A with 20 HLA-B molecules reveals considerable locus-specific character, due primarily to differences at polymorphic residues. The results indicate that genetic exchange between alleles of the same locus has been a more important mechanism in the generation of HLA-A, -B, and -C diversity than genetic exchange events between alleles of different loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Parham
- Department of Cell Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305
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39
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Zemmour J, Ennis PD, Parham P, Dupont B. Comparison of the structure of HLA-Bw47 to HLA-B13 and its relationship to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Immunogenetics 1988; 27:281-7. [PMID: 3257938 DOI: 10.1007/bf00376123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Adrenal 21-hydroxylase deficiency is strongly associated with HLA-Bw47. This rare HLA allele and the HLA-B13 allele are both found in positive genetic linkage disequilibrium with HLA-A3, -Cw6, -DR7 and also display serological cross-reactivity. To investigate the relationship between these two alleles at the structural level, the nucleotide sequences of the HLA-B13 and HLA-Bw47 genes have been determined. They differ by 28 nucleotides, resulting in 14 amino acid substitutions: 5 in the alpha 1 domain, 8 in the alpha 2 domain, and 1 in the transmembrane region. Comparison of HLA-Bw47 nucleotide sequence with other HLA-B sequences shows a segment of 228 bp identical with B44 in the alpha 1 domain and a segment of 218 bp identical with B27 in the alpha 2 domain, but only a 91 bp segment of identity with B13 in the alpha 1 domain. The complex pattern of substitutions and their degree of divergence indicate that HLA-B13 and HLA-Bw47 alleles are not related by a simple mutational event.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zemmour
- Human Immunogenetics Laboratory, Sloan Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY 10021
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40
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Geraghty DE, Koller BH, Orr HT. A human major histocompatibility complex class I gene that encodes a protein with a shortened cytoplasmic segment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1987; 84:9145-9. [PMID: 3480534 PMCID: PMC299709 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.84.24.9145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 373] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have cloned genomic DNA encoding a non-HLA-A, -B, -C class I gene located within a HindIII-generated restriction fragment of 6.0 kilobase pairs. This gene, designated HLA-6.0, is as homologous to HLA-A and HLA-B as they are to each other. The HLA class I protein encoded by HLA-6.0 is similar in organization to the HLA-A-, -B-, and -C-encoded proteins except that an in-frame termination codon prevents translation of a majority of the cytoplasmic region of the HLA-6.0 polypeptide. Moreover, the promoter region of HLA-6.0 resembles the promoter region of a Qa region gene. These structural features of HLA-6.0 suggest that this non-HLA-A, -B, -C gene is a structural homolog of a murine Qa region class I gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Geraghty
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455
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41
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Abstract
The monoclonal antibody MB40.2 defines a novel subtype of HLA-B40 that is expressed by the Sweig cell line. This molecule, called HLA-B40, lacks an antigenic determinant that is common to HLA-B7 and the HLA-Bw60 subtype of HLA-B40. Genes encoding HLA-B40 and HLA-Bw60 have now been isolated and the amino acid sequences of these proteins compared with other HLA-B locus molecules. These results show that HLA-B40 is a unique protein which differs from HLA-Bw60 by eight amino acid substitutions. Comparison of the sequences for HLA-B40, -Bw60, and -B7 localizes the MB40.2 epitope to a cluster of three substitutions at positions 177, 178, and 180 at the end of the alpha 2 domain. Gene conversion or reciprocal recombination are postulated to have transferred this cluster of substitutions, and their associated epitope, during the evolution of HLA-B locus genes. The epitope may consist of an alpha helical segment which is exclusively found on MB40.2-positive molecules.
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42
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Güssow D, Rein RS, Meijer I, de Hoog W, Seemann GH, Hochstenbach FM, Ploegh HL. Isolation, expression, and the primary structure of HLA-Cw1 and HLA-Cw2 genes: evolutionary aspects. Immunogenetics 1987; 25:313-22. [PMID: 3032784 DOI: 10.1007/bf00404424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The HLA-Cw1 and -Cw2 genes were identified in a genomic library and their products characterized by biochemical methods. The HLA-Cw1 and -Cw2 genes, upon transfection in mouse L cells, give rise to class I antigen heavy chains that associate with neither mouse nor human beta-2 microglobulin. They are indistinguishable in isoelectric point from polypeptides identified as HLA-Cw1 and -Cw2 in human cells. The nucleotide sequence of HLA-Cw1 and -Cw2 and their comparison with HLA-Cw3, the only other known HLA-C sequence, reveal a characteristic pattern of locus-specific amino acids. A comparison of 13 different human class I primary structures leads us to speculate that the most variable region in HLA class I antigens, positions 61-83, could assume an alpha helical structure of critical importance for class I antigen function. The locus specificity and the higher degree of intralocus conservation in the COOH-terminal region, especially in the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains, must reflect evolutionary ancestry rather than positive selection. In view of the pattern and types of substitutions observed for HLA-C locus products, their function as immune response gene products is questioned.
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43
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Cowan EP, Jelachich ML, Biddison WE, Coligan JE. DNA sequence of HLA-A11: remarkable homology with HLA-A3 allows identification of residues involved in epitopes recognized by antibodies and T cells. Immunogenetics 1987; 25:241-50. [PMID: 2437024 DOI: 10.1007/bf00404694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The human class I alleles HLA-A11 and HLA-A3 have a well-documented history of serological cross-reactivity. This cross-reactivity suggests that they are closely related, a suggestion which is supported by the fact that the HLA-A11 and HLA-A3 genes are distinguished from all other A-locus genes by a restriction fragment length polymorphism observed in Bam HI digests. To examine the extent of sequence homology between HLA-A11 and HLA-A3, we have cloned the HLA-A11 gene and sequenced the coding regions (exons). The results reveal that HLA-A11 and HLA-A3 display the highest degree of homology reported for any pair of serologically defined class I alleles. Only nine base differences resulting in six amino acid differences were observed in exons 2-8. One of the amino acid substitutions is in the alpha 1 domain and the other five are in the alpha 2 domain. comparison of this sequence with that of other human class I molecules implicates Gln62 as a critical residue involved in HLA-A11 - HLA-A3 serological cross-reactivity. In addition, the amino acid sequence allowed us to successfully predict cross-reactive recognition of HLA-A11 by cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for a rare subtype of HLA-A3, HLA-A3.2. This result provides further support for the importance of the alpha 2 domain residues 152 and 156 in forming determinants on class I molecules that are recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes.
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44
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