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Im S, Kang S, Jang D, Kim G, Kim DH. Use of reverse osmosis concentrate for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions from pig slurry. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1180018. [PMID: 37266025 PMCID: PMC10229891 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1180018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the high global warming potential (GWP) in a short time scale (GWP100 = 28 vs. GWP20 = 86), mitigating CH4 emissions could have an early impact on reducing current global warming effects. The manure storage tank emits a significant amount of CH4, which can diminish the environmental benefit resulting from the anaerobic digestion of manure that can generate renewable energy. In the present study, we added the reverse osmosis concentrate (ROC) rich in salt to the pig slurry (PS) storage tank to reduce CH4 emissions. Simultaneously, pure NaCl was tested at the same concentration to compare and verify the performance of ROC addition. During 40 days of storage, 1.83 kg CH4/ton PS was emitted, which was reduced by 7-75% by the addition of ROC at 1-9 g Na+/L. This decrease was found to be more intensive than that found upon adding pure sodium, which was caused by the presence of sulfate rich in ROC, resulting in synergistic inhibition. The results of the microbial community and activity test showed that sodium directly inhibited methanogenic activity rather than acidogenic activity. In the subsequent biogas production from the stored PS, more CH4 was obtained by ROC addition due to the preservation of organic matter during storage. Overall, 51.2 kg CO2 eq./ton PS was emitted during the storage, while 8 kg CO2 eq./ton PS was reduced by biogas production in the case of control, resulting in a total of 43.2 kg CO2 eq./ton PS. This amount of greenhouse gas emissions was reduced by ROC addition at 5 g Na+/L by 22 and 65 kg CO2 eq./ton PS, considering GWP100 and GWP20 of CH4, respectively, where most of the reduction was achieved during the storage process. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first report using salty waste to reduce GHG emissions in a proper place, e.g., a manure storage tank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongwon Im
- Department of Environmental Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwon Kang
- Department of Environmental Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Duksoo Jang
- Department of Global Smart City, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongchul Kim
- Department of Civil Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Civil Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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2
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Huang J, Pan Y, Liu L, Liang J, Wu L, Zhu H, Zhang P. High salinity slowed organic acid production from acidogenic fermentation of kitchen wastewater by shaping functional bacterial community. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 310:114765. [PMID: 35202951 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The high salinity of kitchen wastewater might have adverse effects on the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in anaerobic fermentation. The effects and mechanisms of salinity on SCFA production in the anaerobic fermentation of kitchen wastewater were studied by varying the salt concentration, as follows: 0 g/L (S0), 2 g/L (S2), 6 g/L (S6), 10 g/L (S10), 15 g/L (S15), and 20 g/L (S20). Experimental results showed that hypersaline conditions (>10 g NaCl/L) accelerated the release of soluble proteins at the initial stage of anaerobic fermentation. They also significantly prohibited the hydrolysis and degradation of soluble proteins and carbohydrates. Compared with low salinity tests, the SCFA concentrations under hypersaline conditions (>10 g NaCl/L) only reached approximately 43% of the highest concentration on day 10, although the SCFA concentrations in all tests were very close on day 10 (14 g COD/L). High salinity delayed the production of n-butyric acid but did not change the composition of the total SCFAs. High salinity enriched Enterococcus and Bifidobacterium, the relative abundance levels of which reached 27.57% and 49.71%, respectively, before the depletion of substrate. High salinity showed a negative correlation with the relative abundance of the genera Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Prevotella and unclassified_f_Oscillospiraceae which are responsible for SCFA production. This study provided a theoretical basis for the fficient utilization of kitchen wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghao Huang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yu Pan
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Li Liu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jinsong Liang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Linyu Wu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongtao Zhu
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Panyue Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
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3
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Oliveira CA, Fuess LT, Soares LA, Damianovic MHRZ. Increasing salinity concentrations determine the long-term participation of methanogenesis and sulfidogenesis in the biodigestion of sulfate-rich wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 296:113254. [PMID: 34271347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The competition between sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and methanogenic archaea (MA) depends on several factors, such as the COD/SO42- ratio, sensitivity to inhibitors and even the length of the operating period in reactors. Among the inhibitors, salinity, a characteristic common to diverse types of industrial effluents, can act as an important factor. This work aimed to evaluate the long-term participation of sulfidogenesis and methanogenesis in the sulfate-rich wastewater process (COD/SO42- = 1.6) in an anaerobic structured-bed reactor (AnSTBR) using sludge not adapted to salinity. The AnSTBR was operated for 580 d under mesophilic temperature (30 °C). Salinity levels were gradually increased from 1.7 to 50 g-NaCl L-1. Up to 35 g-NaCl L-1, MA and SRB equally participated in COD conversion, with a slight predominance of the latter (53 ± 11%). A decrease in COD removal efficiency associated with acetate accumulation was further observed when applying 50 g-NaCl L-1. The sulfidogenic pathway corresponded to 62 ± 17% in this case, indicating the inhibition of MA. Overall, sulfidogenic activity was less sensitive (25%-inhibition) to high salinity levels compared to methanogenesis (100%-inhibition considering the methane yield). The wide spectrum of SRB populations at different salinity levels, namely, the prevalence of Desulfovibrio sp. up to 35 g-NaCl L-1 and the additional participation of the genera Desulfobacca, Desulfatirhabdium, and Desulfotomaculum at 50 g-NaCl-1 explain such patterns. Conversely, the persistence of Methanosaeta genus was not sufficient to sustain methane production. Hence, exploiting SRB populations is imperative to anaerobically remediating saline wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Arruda Oliveira
- Biological Processes Laboratory, Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Santa Angelina, 13.563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Tadeu Fuess
- Biological Processes Laboratory, Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Santa Angelina, 13.563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Chemical Engineering Department, Polytechnic School, University of São Paulo (DEQ/EP/USP), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, Bloco 18, Conjunto Das Químicas, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Lais Américo Soares
- Biological Processes Laboratory, Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Santa Angelina, 13.563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcia Helena Rissato Zamariolli Damianovic
- Biological Processes Laboratory, Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Environmental Engineering, São Carlos School of Engineering (EESC), University of São Paulo (USP), Av. João Dagnone, 1100, Santa Angelina, 13.563-120, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
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4
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Abstract
The biogas production technology has improved over the last years for the aim of reducing the costs of the process, increasing the biogas yields, and minimizing the greenhouse gas emissions. To obtain a stable and efficient biogas production, there are several design considerations and operational parameters to be taken into account. Besides, adapting the process to unanticipated conditions can be achieved by adequate monitoring of various operational parameters. This paper reviews the research that has been conducted over the last years. This review paper summarizes the developments in biogas design and operation, while highlighting the main factors that affect the efficiency of the anaerobic digestion process. The study’s outcomes revealed that the optimum operational values of the main parameters may vary from one biogas plant to another. Additionally, the negative conditions that should be avoided while operating a biogas plant were identified.
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5
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Hydrogenotrophic methanogen strain of Methanospirillum from anaerobic digester fed with agro-industrial waste. Biologia (Bratisl) 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00559-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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Liu Y, Yuan Y, Wang W, Wachemo AC, Zou D. Effects of adding osmoprotectant on anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste with high level of salinity. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 128:723-732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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7
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Wijesinghe DTN, Dassanayake KB, Scales P, Chen D. Developing an anaerobic digester with external Zeolite filled column for enhancing methane production from swine manure - A feasibility study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2018; 53:751-760. [PMID: 29995574 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2018.1480164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Development of digesters with an external zeolite column facilitates the convenient removal of the zeolite with TAN, without disturbing the continuous anaerobic digestion process. A digester with an inside zeolite bed (In-Zeo) and digester without adding zeolite (No-Zeo) were employed to compare the process performance with digester with external zeolite column (EX-Zeo). The cumulative, CH4 yields were 5% and 15% greater in the EX-Zeo, and the In-Zeo digesters respectively compared to the No-Zeo digesters. Also, the % VS reduction was 49%, 55% and 41%, respectively in the Ex-Zeo, In-Zeo and No-Zeo digesters. The results indicated that treatment with 7% zeolite during anaerobic digestion has the potential to improve biodegradation of swine manure. The addition of zeolite appeared to reduce TAN from the digestate, thereby enhancing the CH4 yield. Zeolite could be used either internally or externally to enhance CH4 production through anaerobic digestion of swine manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Thushari N Wijesinghe
- a Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences , University of Melbourne, Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | | | - Peter Scales
- b School of Engineering , University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Deli Chen
- a Faculty of Veterinary & Agricultural Sciences , University of Melbourne, Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
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8
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Li A, Zhou C, Liu Z, Xu X, Zhou Y, Zhou D, Tang Y, Ma F, Rittmann BE. Direct solid-state evidence of H 2 -induced partial U(VI) reduction concomitant with adsorption by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Biotechnol Bioeng 2018; 115:1685-1693. [PMID: 29574765 DOI: 10.1002/bit.26592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Adsorption of hexavalent uranium (U(VI)) by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) has been studied, but the possibility of simultaneous U(VI) reduction mediated by EPS has not had experimental confirmation, as the reduction products have not yet been directly proven. Here, we reported the first direct evidence of lower-valent products of U(VI) immobilization by loosely associated EPS (laEPS) isolated from a fermenter strain of Klebsiella sp. J1 when the laEPS was exposed to H2 . During the 120-min tests for similarly 86% adsorption under O2 , N2 , and H2 , 8% more U was immobilized through a non-adsorptive pathway by the EPS for H2 than for N2 and O2 . A set of solid-state characterization tools (FT-IR, XPS, EELS, and TEM-EDX) confirmed partial reduction of U(VI) to lower-valence U, with the main reduced form being uraninite (UIV O2 ) nanoparticles, and the results reinforced the role of the reduction in accelerating U immobilization and shaping the characteristics of immobilized U in terms of valency, size, and crystallization. The laEPS, mostly comprised of carbohydrate and protein, contained non-cytochrome enzymes and electron carriers that could be responsible for electron transfer to U(VI). Taken together, our results directly confirm that EPS was able to mediate partial U(VI) reduction in the presence of H2 through non-cytochrome catalysis and that reduction enhanced overall U immobilization. Our study fills in some gaps of the microbe-mediated U cycle and will be useful to understand and control U removal in engineered reactors and in-situ bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ang Li
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.,State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Zhuolin Liu
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Xiaoyin Xu
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.,State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.,State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Youneng Tang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Fang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China
| | - Bruce E Rittmann
- Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
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9
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Zhao J, Wang D, Liu Y, Ngo HH, Guo W, Yang Q, Li X. Novel stepwise pH control strategy to improve short chain fatty acid production from sludge anaerobic fermentation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 249:431-438. [PMID: 29065325 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study reports an innovative strategy known as stepwise pH fermentation, developed to enhance the production of short chain volatile fatty acids (SCFA) from waste activated sludge (WAS) anaerobic fermentation. Experimental results confirmed the optimal pH for WAS disruption and acidification was 11 and 9, respectively, and corresponding optimal time was, respectively, 5 d and 2 d. In this scenario, the optimal SCFA yield was 2356 mg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/L, which was much higher than that derived from alkaline fermentation system. Investigation of the mechanism indicated that pH 11 could accelerate the disruption of WAS and inhibit the activities of methanogens; furthermore, pH 9 was beneficial to the activity of acid-producing bacteria, resulting in more SCFA production. Stepwise pH fermentation integrated with sodium chloride (NaCl) present in WAS had synergistic impacts on WAS anaerobic fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Zhao
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Dongbo Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia; Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control (Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082, China
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10
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Dibrov P, Dibrov E, Pierce GN. Na+-NQR (Na+-translocating NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase) as a novel target for antibiotics. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2017; 41:653-671. [PMID: 28961953 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fux032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent breakthrough in structural studies on Na+-translocating NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (Na+-NQR) from the human pathogen Vibrio cholerae creates a perspective for the systematic design of inhibitors for this unique enzyme, which is the major Na+ pump in aerobic pathogens. Widespread distribution of Na+-NQR among pathogenic species, its key role in energy metabolism, its relation to virulence in different species as well as its absence in eukaryotic cells makes this enzyme especially attractive as a target for prospective antibiotics. In this review, the major biochemical, physiological and, especially, the pharmacological aspects of Na+-NQR are discussed to assess its 'target potential' for drug development. A comparison to other primary bacterial Na+ pumps supports the contention that NQR is a first rate prospective target for a new generation of antimicrobials. A new, narrowly targeted furanone inhibitor of NQR designed in our group is presented as a molecular platform for the development of anti-NQR remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Dibrov
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Elena Dibrov
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Grant N Pierce
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, St. Boniface Hospital, Winnipeg, Canada.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Colleges of Medicine and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Canada
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11
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Jha P, Schmidt S. Reappraisal of chemical interference in anaerobic digestion processes. RENEWABLE AND SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS 2017; 75:954-971. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
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12
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Yang Z, Wang W, Zhang S, Ma Z, Anwar N, Liu G, Zhang R. Comparison of the methane production potential and biodegradability of kitchen waste from different sources under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2017; 75:1607-1616. [PMID: 28402301 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2017.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The methane production potential of kitchen waste (KW) obtained from different sources was compared through mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion. The methane yields (MYs) obtained with the same KW sample under different temperatures were similar, whereas the MYs obtained with different samples differed significantly. The highest MY obtained in S7 was 54%-60% higher than the lowest MY in S3. The modified Gompertz model was utilized to simulate the methane production process. The maximum production rate of methane under thermophilic conditions was 2%-86% higher than that under mesophilic conditions. The characteristics of different KW samples were studied. In the distribution of total chemical oxygen demand, the diversity of organic compounds of KW was the most dominant factor that affected the potential MYs of KW. The effect of the C/N and C/P ratios or the concentration of metal ions was insignificant. Two typical methods to calculate the theoretical MY (TMY) were compared, the organic composition method can simulate methane production more precisely than the elemental analysis method. Significant linear correlations were found between TMYorg and MYs under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. The organic composition method can thus be utilized as a fast technique to predict the methane production potential of KW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Yang
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China E-mail:
| | - Wen Wang
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China E-mail:
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- School of Banking and Finance, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zonghu Ma
- China Huadian Engineering Company Limited, Beijing 100160, China
| | - Naveed Anwar
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China E-mail:
| | - Guangqing Liu
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China E-mail:
| | - Ruihong Zhang
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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13
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Fagbohungbe MO, Herbert BMJ, Hurst L, Ibeto CN, Li H, Usmani SQ, Semple KT. The challenges of anaerobic digestion and the role of biochar in optimizing anaerobic digestion. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2017; 61:236-249. [PMID: 27923546 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2016.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Biochar, like most other adsorbents, is a carbonaceous material, which is formed from the combustion of plant materials, in low-zero oxygen conditions and results in a material, which has the capacity to sorb chemicals onto its surfaces. Currently, research is being carried out to investigate the relevance of biochar in improving the soil ecosystem, digestate quality and most recently the anaerobic digestion process. Anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic substrates provides both a sustainable source of energy and a digestate with the potential to enhance plant growth and soil health. In order to ensure that these benefits are realised, the anaerobic digestion system must be optimized for process stability and high nutrient retention capacity in the digestate produced. Substrate-induced inhibition is a major issue, which can disrupt the stable functioning of the AD system reducing microbial breakdown of the organic waste and formation of methane, which in turn reduces energy output. Likewise, the spreading of digestate on land can often result in nutrient loss, surface runoff and leaching. This review will examine substrate inhibition and their impact on anaerobic digestion, nutrient leaching and their environmental implications, the properties and functionality of biochar material in counteracting these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Fagbohungbe
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Ben M J Herbert
- Stopford Energy and Environment, Merseyton Road, Ellesmere Port, Chester CH65 3AD, United Kingdom
| | - Lois Hurst
- Stopford Energy and Environment, Merseyton Road, Ellesmere Port, Chester CH65 3AD, United Kingdom
| | - Cynthia N Ibeto
- National Centre for Energy Research and Development, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Hong Li
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Shams Q Usmani
- Ariva Technology, The Heath Business and Technical Park, Runcorn, Cheshire WA7 4EB, United Kingdom
| | - Kirk T Semple
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
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14
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Jin B, Wang S, Xing L, Li B, Peng Y. The effect of salinity on waste activated sludge alkaline fermentation and kinetic analysis. J Environ Sci (China) 2016; 43:80-90. [PMID: 27155412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2015.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The effect of salinity on sludge alkaline fermentation at low temperature (20°C) was investigated, and a kinetic analysis was performed. Different doses of sodium chloride (NaCl, 0-25g/L) were added into the fermentation system. The batch-mode results showed that the soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) increased with salinity. The hydrolysate (soluble protein, polysaccharide) and the acidification products (short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), NH4(+)-N, and PO4(3-)-P) increased with salinity initially, but slightly declined respectively at higher level salinity (20g/L or 20-25g/L). However, the hydrolytic acidification performance increased in the presence of salt compared to that without salt. Furthermore, the results of Haldane inhibition kinetics analysis showed that the salt enhanced the hydrolysis rate of particulate organic matter from sludge particulate and the specific utilization of hydrolysate, and decreased the specific utilization of SCFAs. Pearson correlation coefficient analysis indicated that the importance of polysaccharide on the accumulation of SCFAs was reduced with salt addition, but the importance of protein and NH4(+)-N on SCFA accumulation was increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baodan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Shuying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Liqun Xing
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Baikun Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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15
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Anwar N, Wang W, Zhang J, Li Y, Chen C, Liu G, Zhang R. Effect of sodium salt on anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2016; 73:1865-71. [PMID: 27120641 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2016.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The effect of different sodium salt concentration on anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste was investigated. The methane production performance, the corresponding methane production model and sodium salt inhibition model were studied, and the degradation efficiency was analyzed. With the increase of sodium salt concentration, the methane yield and the maximal methane production rate decreased along with the increase of lag phase time. The highest methane yield of 594 mL/g-VSadded (VS: volatile solids) was found with no sodium salt addition while the lowest was obtained with addition of 16 g/L NaCl. The declines of the methane yield were negligible when the sodium salt concentration was below 8 g/L, which corresponded to <10% inhibiting efficiency. In contrast, a sharp decrease of methane yield was observed with addition of >8 g/L NaCl (causing 17-80% inhibition). Five kinds of regression models were developed to describe the sodium salt inhibition efficiency, and the cubic regression model of y = 0.508 + 2.401x - 0.369x(2) + 0.033x(3) showed the best fitting. The volatile fatty acids/ethanol gradually accumulated along with the increase of the sodium salt concentration, and the volatile solid removal efficiency represented a gradual decline accordingly. It is recommended that the sodium salt concentration in the anaerobic digesters should be controlled below 8 g/L in order to avoid intense methane inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Anwar
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China E-mail:
| | - Wen Wang
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China E-mail:
| | - Jie Zhang
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China E-mail:
| | - Yeqing Li
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China E-mail:
| | - Chang Chen
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China E-mail:
| | - Guangqing Liu
- Biomass Energy and Environmental Engineering Research Center, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China E-mail:
| | - Ruihong Zhang
- Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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16
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Xu J, Chen YQ, Zhang HJ, Bao JW, Tang L, Wang K, Zhang JH, Chen XS, Mao ZG. Establishment and assessment of an integrated citric acid-methane production process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 176:121-128. [PMID: 25460992 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
To solve the problem of extraction wastewater in citric acid industrial production, an improved integrated citric acid-methane production process was established in this study. Extraction wastewater was treated by anaerobic digestion and then the anaerobic digestion effluent (ADE) was stripped by air to remove ammonia. Followed by solid-liquid separation to remove metal ion precipitation, the supernatant was recycled for the next batch of citric acid fermentation, thus eliminating wastewater discharge and reducing water consumption. 130U/g glucoamylase was added to medium after inoculation and the recycling process performed for 10 batches. Fermentation time decreased by 20% in recycling and the average citric acid production (2nd-10th) was 145.9±3.4g/L, only 2.5% lower than that with tap water (149.6g/L). The average methane production was 292.3±25.1mL/g CODremoved and stable in operation. Excessive Na(+) concentration in ADE was confirmed to be the major challenge for the proposed process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yang-Qiu Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hong-Jian Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jia-Wei Bao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lei Tang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ke Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xu-Sheng Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhong-Gui Mao
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China.
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17
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Cation transport by the respiratory NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (complex I): facts and hypotheses. Biochem Soc Trans 2014; 41:1280-7. [PMID: 24059520 DOI: 10.1042/bst20130024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory complex I (electrogenic NADH:quinone oxidoreductase) has been considered to act exclusively as a H+ pump. This was questioned when the search for the NADH-driven respiratory Na+ pump in Klebsiella pneumoniae initiated by Peter Dimroth led to the discovery of a Na+-translocating complex in this enterobacterium. The 3D structures of complex I from different organisms support the idea that the mechanism of cation transport by complex I involves conformational changes of the membrane-bound NuoL, NuoM and NuoN subunits. In vitro methods to follow Na+ transport were compared with in vivo approaches to test whether complex I, or its individual NuoL, NuoM or NuoN subunits, extrude Na+ from the cytoplasm to the periplasm of bacterial host cells. The truncated NuoL subunit of the Escherichia coli complex I which comprises amino acids 1-369 exhibits Na+ transport activity in vitro. This observation, together with an analysis of putative cation channels in NuoL, suggests that there exists in NuoL at least one continuous pathway for cations lined by amino acid residues from transmembrane segments 3, 4, 5, 7 and 8. Finally, we discuss recent studies on Na+ transport by mitochondrial complex I with respect to its putative role in the cycling of Na+ ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
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18
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Mottet A, Habouzit F, Steyer JP. Anaerobic digestion of marine microalgae in different salinity levels. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 158:300-6. [PMID: 24632407 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 02/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In the context of biofuel production from marine microalgae, anaerobic digestion has the potential to make the process more sustainable and to increase energy efficiency. However, the use of salt-containing microalgae organic residues entails the presence of salts which inhibits methanogenesis. The search for suitable anaerobic microbial consortium adapted to saline conditions can boost the anaerobic conversion into methane. The anaerobic digestion performance of three different anaerobic microbial consortia was assessed in batch tests at different salinities between 15 and 150 g L(-1) and for three successive substrate additions. After an acclimation period, the methane (CH4) yield of the halophilic methanogens at 35 g L(-1) of salinity was close to the reference value without salt addition. Above 75 g L(-1) of salinity, methanogenesis was considerably slowed down. The results underline that methane production from halophilic sediment can be envisaged and promoted for practical application at a seawater concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Mottet
- INRA, UR50, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement, Avenue des Etangs, Narbonne F-11100, France
| | - Frédéric Habouzit
- INRA, UR50, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement, Avenue des Etangs, Narbonne F-11100, France.
| | - Jean Philippe Steyer
- INRA, UR50, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement, Avenue des Etangs, Narbonne F-11100, France
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19
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Deris ZZ, Akter J, Sivanesan S, Roberts KD, Thompson PE, Nation RL, Li J, Velkov T. A secondary mode of action of polymyxins against Gram-negative bacteria involves the inhibition of NADH-quinone oxidoreductase activity. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2014; 67:147-51. [PMID: 24169795 PMCID: PMC3943757 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2013.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Polymyxin B and colistin were examined for their ability to inhibit the type II NADH-quinone oxidoreductases (NDH-2) of three species of Gram-negative bacteria. Polymyxin B and colistin inhibited the NDH-2 activity in preparations from all of the isolates in a concentration-dependent manner. The mechanism of NDH-2 inhibition by polymyxin B was investigated in detail with Escherichia coli inner membrane preparations and conformed to a mixed inhibition model with respect to ubiquinone-1 and a non-competitive inhibition model with respect to NADH. These suggest that the inhibition of vital respiratory enzymes in the bacterial inner membrane represents one of the secondary modes of action for polymyxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakuan Z. Deris
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Jesmin Akter
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sivashangarie Sivanesan
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kade D. Roberts
- Medicinal Chemistry, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
| | | | - Roger L. Nation
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jian Li
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tony Velkov
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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20
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Ca2+-citrate uptake and metabolism in Lactobacillus casei ATCC 334. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:4603-12. [PMID: 23709502 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00925-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The putative citrate metabolic pathway in Lactobacillus casei ATCC 334 consists of the transporter CitH, a proton symporter of the citrate-divalent metal ion family of transporters CitMHS, citrate lyase, and the membrane-bound oxaloacetate decarboxylase complex OAD-ABDH. Resting cells of Lactobacillus casei ATCC 334 metabolized citrate in complex with Ca(2+) and not as free citrate or the Mg(2+)-citrate complex, thereby identifying Ca(2+)-citrate as the substrate of the transporter CitH. The pathway was induced in the presence of Ca(2+) and citrate during growth and repressed by the presence of glucose and of galactose, most likely by a carbon catabolite repression mechanism. The end products of Ca(2+)-citrate metabolism by resting cells of Lb. casei were pyruvate, acetate, and acetoin, demonstrating the activity of the membrane-bound oxaloacetate decarboxylase complex OAD-ABDH. Following pyruvate, the pathway splits into two branches. One branch is the classical citrate fermentation pathway producing acetoin by α-acetolactate synthase and α-acetolactate decarboxylase. The other branch yields acetate, for which the route is still obscure. Ca(2+)-citrate metabolism in a modified MRS medium lacking a carbohydrate did not significantly affect the growth characteristics, and generation of metabolic energy in the form of proton motive force (PMF) was not observed in resting cells. In contrast, carbohydrate/Ca(2+)-citrate cometabolism resulted in a higher biomass yield in batch culture. However, also with these cells, no generation of PMF was associated with Ca(2+)-citrate metabolism. It is concluded that citrate metabolism in Lb. casei is beneficial when it counteracts acidification by carbohydrate metabolism in later growth stages.
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21
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Neehaul Y, Juárez O, Barquera B, Hellwig P. Infrared Spectroscopic Evidence of a Redox-Dependent Conformational Change Involving Ion Binding Residue NqrB-D397 in the Na+-Pumping NADH:Quinone Oxidoreductase from Vibrio cholerae. Biochemistry 2013; 52:3085-93. [DOI: 10.1021/bi4000386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yashvin Neehaul
- Laboratoire de bioelectrochimie
et spectroscopie, UMR 7140, Chimie de la Matière Complexe, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Oscar Juárez
- Department of Biology, Center
for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United
States
| | - Blanca Barquera
- Department of Biology, Center
for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United
States
| | - Petra Hellwig
- Laboratoire de bioelectrochimie
et spectroscopie, UMR 7140, Chimie de la Matière Complexe, Université de Strasbourg-CNRS, Strasbourg, France
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22
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Suwannoppadol S, Ho G, Cord-Ruwisch R. Overcoming sodium toxicity by utilizing grass leaves as co-substrate during the start-up of batch thermophilic anaerobic digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 125:188-192. [PMID: 23026333 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.08.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sodium toxicity is a common problem causing inhibition of anaerobic digestion, and digesters treating highly concentrated wastes, such as food and municipal solid waste, and concentrated animal manure, are likely to suffer from partial or complete inhibition of methane-producing consortia, including methanogens. When grass clippings were added at the onset of anaerobic digestion of acetate containing a sodium concentration of 7.8 gNa(+)/L, a total methane production about 8L/L was obtained, whereas no methane was produced in the absence of grass leaves. In an attempt to narrow down which components of grass leaves caused decrease of sodium toxicity, different hypotheses were tested. Results revealed that betaine could be a significant compound in grass leaves causing reduction to sodium inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwat Suwannoppadol
- Faculty of Science & Engineering, Murdoch University, Western Australia 6150, Australia
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23
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Insights into the mechanism of electron transfer and sodium translocation of the Na(+)-pumping NADH:quinone oxidoreductase. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2012; 1817:1823-32. [PMID: 22465856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2012.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Na(+)-NQR is a unique energy-transducing complex, widely distributed among marine and pathogenic bacteria. It converts the energy from the oxidation of NADH and the reduction of quinone into an electrochemical Na(+)-gradient that can provide energy for the cell. Na(+)-NQR is not homologous to any other respiratory protein but is closely related to the RNF complex. In this review we propose that sodium pumping in Na(+)-NQR is coupled to the redox reactions by a novel mechanism, which operates at multiple sites, is indirect and mediated by conformational changes of the protein. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: 17th European Bioenergetics Conference (EBEC 2012).
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24
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Gopinath KP, Kathiravan MN, Srinivasan R, Sankaranarayanan S. Evaluation and elimination of inhibitory effects of salts and heavy metal ions on biodegradation of Congo red by Pseudomonas sp. mutant. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:3687-3693. [PMID: 21177103 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, it was attempted to evaluate the influences and also recommended some elimination methods for inhibitory effects offered by salts and heavy metal ions. Congo red dye solution treated with mutant Pseudomonas sp. was taken as a model system for study. The salts used in this study are NaCl, CaCl(2) and MgSO(4)· 7H(2)O. Though the growth was inhibited at concentrations above 4 g/l, toleration was achieved by acclimatization process. In case of heavy metal ions, Cr (VI) showed low inhibition up to 500 mg/l of concentration, compared to Zn (II) and Cu (II). It was due to the presence of chromium reductase enzyme which was confirmed by SDS-PAGE. Zn (II) and Cu (II) ion inhibitions were eliminated by chelation with EDTA. The critical ion concentrations obtained as per Han-Levenspiel model for Cr (VI), Zn (II) and Cu (II) were 0.8958, 0.3028 and 0.204 g/l respectively.
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25
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Kerscher S, Dröse S, Zickermann V, Brandt U. The three families of respiratory NADH dehydrogenases. Results Probl Cell Differ 2007; 45:185-222. [PMID: 17514372 DOI: 10.1007/400_2007_028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Most reducing equivalents extracted from foodstuffs during oxidative metabolism are fed into the respiratory chains of aerobic bacteria and mitochondria by NADH:quinone oxidoreductases. Three families of enzymes can perform this task and differ remarkably in their complexity and role in energy conversion. Alternative or NDH-2-type NADH dehydrogenases are simple one subunit flavoenzymes that completely dissipate the redox energy of the NADH/quinone couple. Sodium-pumping NADH dehydrogenases (Nqr) that are only found in procaryotes contain several flavins and are integral membrane protein complexes composed of six different subunits. Proton-pumping NADH dehydrogenases (NDH-1 or complex I) are highly complicated membrane protein complexes, composed of up to 45 different subunits, that are found in bacteria and mitochondria. This review gives an overview of the origin, structural and functional properties and physiological significance of these three types of NADH dehydrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kerscher
- Molecular Bioenergetics Group, Centre of Excellence Macromolecular Complexes, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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26
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Bertsova YV, Bogachev AV. The origin of the sodium-dependent NADH oxidation by the respiratory chain ofKlebsiella pneumoniae. FEBS Lett 2004; 563:207-12. [PMID: 15063750 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(04)00312-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2004] [Revised: 02/25/2004] [Accepted: 03/02/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Properties of Klebsiella pneumoniae respiratory chain enzymes catalyzing NADH oxidation have been studied. Using constructed K. pneumoniae mutant strains, it was shown that three enzymes belonging to different families of NADH:quinone oxidoreductases operate in this bacterium. The NDH-2-type enzyme is not coupled with energy conservation, the NDH-1-type enzyme is a primary proton pump, and the NQR-type enzyme is homologous to the sodium-motive NADH dehydrogenase of Vibrio and is shown to be a primary Na(+) pump. It is concluded that the NQR-type enzyme, not the NDH-1-type enzyme, catalyzes sodium-dependent NADH oxidation in K. pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia V Bertsova
- Department of Molecular Energetics of Microorganisms, A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119899, Russia
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27
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Gemperli AC, Dimroth P, Steuber J. The respiratory complex I (NDH I) from Klebsiella pneumoniae, a sodium pump. J Biol Chem 2002; 277:33811-7. [PMID: 12110677 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m204860200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrogenic NADH:Q oxidoreductase from the enterobacterium Klebsiella pneumoniae transports Na(+) ions. The complex was purified with an increase of the specific Na(+) transport activity from 0.2 micromol min(-1) mg(-1) in native membrane vesicles to 4.7 micromol min(-1) mg(-1) in reconstituted enzyme specimens. The subunit pattern resembled that of complex I from Escherichia coli, and two prominent polypeptides were identified as the NuoF and NuoG subunits of complex I. During purification the typical cofactors of complex I were enriched to yield approximately 17 nmol mg(-1) iron, 24 nmol mg(-1) acid-labile sulfide, and 0.79 nmol mg(-1) FMN in the purified sample. The enzyme contained approximately 1.2 nmol mg(-1) Q6 and 1.5 nmol mg(-1) Q8. The reduction of ubiquinone by NADH was Na(+)-dependent, which indicates coupling of the chemical and the vectorial reaction of the pump. The Na(+) activation profile corresponded to the Hill equation with a Hill coefficient K(H)(Na(+)) = 1.96 and with a half-maximal saturation at 0.33 mm Na(+). The reconstituted complex I from Klebsiella pneumoniae catalyzed deamino-NADH oxidation, Q1 reduction, and Na(+) translocation with specific activities of 2.6 units mg(-1), 2.4 units mg(-1), and 4.7 units mg(-1), respectively, which indicate a Na(+)/electron stoichiometry of one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja C Gemperli
- Mikrobiologisches Institut der Eidgenössischen Technischen Hochschule, ETH-Zentrum, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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28
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Steuber J. The Na+-translocating NADH:quinone oxidoreductase (NDH I) from Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli: implications for the mechanism of redox-driven cation translocation by complex I. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2001; 33:179-86. [PMID: 11695827 DOI: 10.1023/a:1010774701327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic complex I integrated into the respiratory chain transports at least 4 H+ per NADH oxidized. Recent results indicate that the cation selectivity is altered to Na+ in complex I (NDH I) isolated from the enterobacteria Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. A sequence analysis illustrates the characteristic differences of the enterobacterial, Na+-translocating NDH I compared to the H+-translocating complex I from mitochondria. Special attention is given to the membranous NuoL (ND5, Nqo12) subunits that possess striking sequence similarities to secondary Na+/H+ antiporters and are proposed to participate in Na+ transport. A model of redox-linked Na+ (or H+) transport by complex I is discussed based on the ion-pair formation of a negatively charged ubisemiquinone anion with a positively charged Na+ (or H+).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Steuber
- Mikrobiologisches Institut der Eidgenössischen Technishen Hochschule, Zurich, Switzerland.
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29
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Hayashi M, Nakayama Y, Unemoto T. Recent progress in the Na(+)-translocating NADH-quinone reductase from the marine Vibrio alginolyticus. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2001; 1505:37-44. [PMID: 11248187 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(00)00275-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The respiratory chain of Gram-negative marine and halophilic bacteria has a Na(+)-dependent NADH-quinone reductase that functions as a primary Na(+) pump. The Na(+)-translocating NADH-quinone reductase (NQR) from the marine Vibrio alginolyticus is composed of six structural genes (nqrA to nqrF). The NqrF subunit has non-covalently bound FAD. There are conflicting results on the existence of other flavin cofactors. Recent studies revealed that the NqrB and NqrC subunits have a covalently bound flavin, possibly FMN, which is attached to a specified threonine residue. A novel antibiotic, korormicin, was found to specifically inhibit the NQR complex. From the homology search of the nqr operon, it was found that the Na(+)-pumping NQR complex is widely distributed among Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hayashi
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, 263-8522, Chiba, Japan
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30
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Cristina E, Hernández JA. An elementary kinetic model of energy coupling in biological membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2000; 1460:276-90. [PMID: 11106769 DOI: 10.1016/s0005-2728(00)00153-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work is to contribute to the understanding of the fundamental kinetic properties of the processes of energy coupling in biological membranes. For this, we consider a model of a microorganism that, in its plasma membrane, expresses two electrogenic enzymes (E(1) and E(2)) transporting the same monovalent cation C and electrodiffusive paths for C and for a monovalent anion A. E(1) (E(2)) couples transport C to the reaction S(1)<-->P(1) (S(2)<-->P(2)). We developed a mathematical model that describes the rate of change of the electrical potential difference across the membrane, of the internal concentrations of C and A, and of the concentrations of S(2) and P(2). The enzymes are incorporated via two-state kinetic models; the passive ionic fluxes are represented by classical formulations of electrodiffusion. The microorganism volume is maintained constant by accessory regulatory devices. The model is utilized for stationary and dynamic studies for the case of bacteria employing the electrochemical gradient of Na(+) as energetic intermediate. Among other conclusions, the results show that the membrane potential represents the relevant kinetic intermediate for the overall coupling between the energy donor reaction S(1)<-->P(1) and the synthesis of S(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cristina
- Sección Biofísica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Iguá s/n, esq. Mataojo, 11400, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Steuber J, Schmid C, Rufibach M, Dimroth P. Na+ translocation by complex I (NADH:quinone oxidoreductase) of Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol 2000; 35:428-34. [PMID: 10652103 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01712.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Following on from our previous discovery of Na+ pumping by the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) of Klebsiella pneumoniae, we show here that complex I from Escherichia coli is a Na+ pump as well. Our study object was the Escherichia coli mutant EP432, which lacks the Na+/H+ antiporter genes nhaA and nhaB and is therefore unable to grow on LB medium at elevated Na+ concentrations. During growth on mineral medium, the Na+ tolerance of E. coli EP432 was influenced by the organic substrate. NaCl up to 450 mM did not affect growth on glycerol and fumarate, but growth on glucose was inhibited. Correlated to the Na+ tolerance was an increased synthesis of complex I in the glycerol/fumarate medium. Inverted membrane vesicles catalysed respiratory Na+ uptake with NADH as electron donor. The sodium ion transport activity of vesicles from glycerol/fumarate-grown cells was 40 nmol mg-1 min-1 and was resistant to the uncoupler carbonyl-cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), but was inhibited by the complex I-specific inhibitor rotenone. With an E. coli mutant deficient in complex I, the Na+ transport activity was low (1-3 nmol mg-1 min-1), and rotenone was without effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Steuber
- Mikrobiologisches Institut der Eidgenössischen Technischen Hochschule, ETH-Zentrum, Schmelzbergstr. 7, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Krebs W, Steuber J, Gemperli AC, Dimroth P. Na+ translocation by the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) from Klebsiella pneumoniae. Mol Microbiol 1999; 33:590-8. [PMID: 10417649 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01506.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Complex I is the site for electrons entering the respiratory chain and therefore of prime importance for the conservation of cell energy. It is generally accepted that the complex I-catalysed oxidation of NADH by ubiquinone is coupled specifically to proton translocation across the membrane. In variance to this view, we show here that complex I of Klebsiella pneumoniae operates as a primary Na+ pump. Membranes from Klebsiella pneumoniae catalysed Na+-stimulated electron transfer from NADH or deaminoNADH to ubiquinone-1 (0.1-0.2 micromol min-1 mg-1). Upon NADH or deaminoNADH oxidation, Na+ ions were transported into the lumen of inverted membrane vesicles. Rate and extent of Na+ transport were significantly enhanced by the uncoupler carbonylcyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) to values of approximately 0.2 micromol min-1 mg-1 protein. This characterizes the responsible enzyme as a primary Na+ pump. The uptake of sodium ions was severely inhibited by the complex I-specific inhibitor rotenone with deaminoNADH or NADH as substrate. N-terminal amino acid sequence analyses of the partially purified Na+-stimulated NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase from K. pneumoniae revealed that two polypeptides were highly similar to the NuoF and NuoG subunits from the H+-translocating NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductases from enterobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Krebs
- Mikrobiologisches Institut der Eidgenössischen Technischen Hochschule, ETH-Zentrum, Schmelzbergstr. 7, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Steuber J, Krebs W, Bott M, Dimroth P. A membrane-bound NAD(P)+-reducing hydrogenase provides reduced pyridine nucleotides during citrate fermentation by Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Bacteriol 1999; 181:241-5. [PMID: 9864336 PMCID: PMC103555 DOI: 10.1128/jb.181.1.241-245.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During anaerobic growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae on citrate, 9.4 mmol of H2/mol of citrate (4-kPa partial pressure) was formed at the end of growth besides acetate, formate, and CO2. Upon addition of NiCl2 (36 microM) to the growth medium, hydrogen formation increased about 36% to 14.8 mmol/mol of citrate (6 kPa), and the cell yield increased about 15%. Cells that had been harvested and washed under anoxic conditions exhibited an H2-dependent formation of NAD(P)H in vivo. The reduction of internal NAD(P)+ was also achieved by the addition of formate. In crude extracts, the H2:NAD+ oxidoreductase activity was 0.13 micromol min-1 mg-1, and 76% of this activity was found in the washed membrane fraction. The highest specific activities of the membrane fraction were observed in 50 mM potassium phosphate, with 1.6 micromol of NADPH formed min-1 mg-1 at pH 7.0 and 1.7 micromol of NADH formed min-1 mg-1 at pH 9.5. In the presence of the protonophore carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone and the Na+/H+ antiporter monensin, the H2-dependent reduction of NAD+ by membrane vesicles decreased only slightly (about 16%). The NADP+- or NAD+-reducing hydrogenases were solubilized from the membranes with the detergent lauryldimethylamine-N-oxide or Triton X-100. NAD(P)H formation with H2 as electron donor, therefore, does not depend on an energized state of the membrane. It is proposed that hydrogen which is formed by K. pneumoniae during citrate fermentation is recaptured by a novel membrane-bound, oxygen-sensitive H2:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase that provides reducing equivalents for the synthesis of cell material.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Steuber
- Mikrobiologisches Institut, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH-Zentrum, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dimroth
- Mikrobiologisches Institut, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zürich, Switzerland
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35
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Pfenninger-Li XD, Dimroth P. The Na(+)-translocating NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase from the marine bacterium Vibrio alginolyticus contains FAD but not FMN. FEBS Lett 1995; 369:173-6. [PMID: 7649253 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(95)00745-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The Na(+)-translocating NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase from Vibrio alginolyticus was extracted from the bacterial membranes and purified by ion exchange chromatographic procedures. The enzyme catalyzed NADH oxidation by suitable electron acceptors, e.g. menadione, and the Na+ and NADH-dependent reduction of ubiquinone-1. Four dominant bands and a number of minor bands were visible on SDS-PAGE that could be part of the enzyme complex. Flavin analyses indicated the presence of FAD but no FMN in the purified enzyme. FAD but no FMN were also present in V. alginolyticus membranes. FAD is therefore a prosthetic group of the Na(+)-translocating NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase and FMN is not present in the enzyme. The FAD was copurified with the NADH dehydrogenase. The purified enzyme exhibited an absorption spectrum with a maximum at 450 nm that is typical for a flavoprotein. Upon incubation with NADH this absorption disappeared indicating reduction of the enzyme-bound FAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- X D Pfenninger-Li
- Mikrobiologisches Institut, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH-Zentrum, Zürich, Switzerland
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36
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Feijoo G, Soto M, Méndez R, Lema JM. Sodium inhibition in the anaerobic digestion process: Antagonism and adaptation phenomena. Enzyme Microb Technol 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0141-0229(94)00011-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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37
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Skulachev VP. Chemiosmotic concept of the membrane bioenergetics: what is already clear and what is still waiting for elucidation? J Bioenerg Biomembr 1994; 26:589-98. [PMID: 7721720 DOI: 10.1007/bf00831533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The present state of the chemiosmotic concept is reviewed. Special attention is paid to (i) further progress in studies on the Na(+)-coupled energetics and (ii) paradoxical bioenergetic effects when protonic or sodium potentials are utilized outside the coupling membrane (TonB-mediated uphill transports across the outer bacterial membrane). A hypothesis is put forward assuming that the same principle is employed in the bacterial flagellar motor.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Skulachev
- Department of Bioenergetics, A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Russia
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Abstract
For many bacteria Na+ bioenergetics is important as a link between exergonic and endergonic reactions in the membrane. This article focusses on two primary Na+ pumps in bacteria, the Na(+)-translocating oxaloacetate decarboxylase of Klebsiella pneumoniae and the Na(+)-translocating F1Fo ATPase of Propionigenium modestum. Oxaloacetate decarboxylase is an essential enzyme of the citrate fermentation pathway and has the additional function to conserve the free energy of decarboxylation by conversion into a Na+ gradient. Oxaloacetate decarboxylase is composed of three different subunits and the related methylmalonyl-CoA decarboxylase consists of five different subunits. The genes encoding these enzymes have been cloned and sequenced. Remarkable are large areas of complete sequence identity in the integral membrane-bound beta-subunits including two conserved aspartates that may be important for Na+ translocation. The coupling ratio of the decarboxylase Na+ pumps depended on delta muNa+ and decreased from two to zero Na+ uptake per decarboxylation event as delta mu Na+ increased from zero to the steady state level. In P. modestum, delta mu Na+ is generated in the course of succinate fermentation to propionate and CO2. This delta mu Na+ is used by a unique Na(+)-translocating F1Fo ATPase for ATP synthesis. The enzyme is related to H(+)-translocating F1Fo ATPases. The Fo part is entirely responsible for the coupling of ion specificity. A hybrid ATPase formed by in vivo complementation of an Escherichia coli deletion mutant was completely functional as a Na(+)-ATP synthase conferring the E. coli strain the ability of Na(+)-dependent growth on succinate. The hybrid consisted of subunits a, c, b, delta and part of alpha from P. modestum and of the remaining subunits from E. coli. Studies on Na+ translocation through the Fo part of the P. modestum ATPase revealed typical transporter-like properties. Sodium ions specifically protected the ATPase from the modification of glutamate-65 in subunit c by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in a pH-dependent manner indicating that the Na+ binding site is at this highly conserved acidic amino acid residue of subunit c within the middle of the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dimroth
- Mikrobiologisches Institut, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH-Zentrum, Zürich, Switzerland
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40
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Unemoto T, Hayashi M. Na(+)-translocating NADH-quinone reductase of marine and halophilic bacteria. J Bioenerg Biomembr 1993; 25:385-91. [PMID: 8226720 DOI: 10.1007/bf00762464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The respiratory chain of marine and moderately halophilic bacteria requires Na+ for maximum activity, and the site of Na(+)-dependent activation is located in the NADH-quinone reductase segment. The Na(+)-dependent NADH-quinone reductase purified from marine bacterium Vibrio alginolyticus is composed of three subunits, alpha, beta, and gamma, with apparent M(r) of 52, 46, and 32 kDa, respectively. The FAD-containing beta-subunit reacts with NADH and reduces ubiquinone-1 (Q-1) by a one-electron transfer pathway to produce ubisemiquinones. In the presence of the FMN-containing alpha-subunit and the gamma-subunit, Q-1 is converted to ubiquinol-1 without the accumulation of free radicals. The reaction catalyzed by the alpha-subunit is strictly dependent on Na+ and is strongly inhibited by 2-n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide (HQNO), which is tightly coupled to the electrogenic extrusion of Na+. A similar type of Na(+)-translocating NADH-quinone reductase is widely distributed among marine and moderately halophilic bacteria. The respiratory chain of V. alginolyticus contains another NADH-quinone reductase which is Na+ independent and has no energy-transducing capacity. These two types of NADH-quinone reductase are quite different with respect to their mode of quinone reduction and their sensitivity toward NADH preincubation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Unemoto
- Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan
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41
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Woehlke G, Wifling K, Dimroth P. Sequence of the sodium ion pump oxaloacetate decarboxylase from Salmonella typhimurium. J Biol Chem 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)50017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Abstract
The inner membranes of mitochondria contain three multi-subunit enzyme complexes that act successively to transfer electrons from NADH to oxygen, which is reduced to water (Fig. I). The first enzyme in the electron transfer chain, NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (or complex I), is the subject of this review. It removes electrons from NADH and passes them via a series of enzyme-bound redox centres (FMN and Fe-S clusters) to the electron acceptor ubiquinone. For each pair of electrons transferred from NADH to ubiquinone it is usually considered that four protons are removed from the matrix (see section 4.1 for further discussion of this point).
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Walker
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
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43
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Hilbi H, Dehning I, Schink B, Dimroth P. Malonate decarboxylase of Malonomonas rubra, a novel type of biotin-containing acetyl enzyme. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1992; 207:117-23. [PMID: 1628643 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1992.tb17028.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cell suspensions or crude extracts of Malonomonas rubra grown anaerobically on malonate catalyze the decarboxylation of this substrate at a rate of 1.7-2.5 mumol.min-1.mg protein-1 which is consistent with the malonate degradation rate during growth. After fractionation of the cell extract by ultracentrifugation, neither the soluble nor the particulate fraction alone catalyzed the decarboxylation of malonate, but on recombination of the two fractions 87% of the activity of the unfractionated extract was restored. The decarboxylation pathway did not involve the intermediate formation of malonyl-CoA, but decarboxylation proceeded directly with free malonate. The catalytic activity of the enzyme was completely abolished on incubation with hydroxylamine or NaSCN. Approximately 50-65% of the original decarboxylase activity was restored by incubation of the extract with ATP in the presence of acetate, and the extent of reactivation increased after incubation with dithioerythritol. Reactivation of the enzyme was also obtained by chemical acetylation with acetic anhydride. These results indicate modification of the decarboxylase by deacetylation leading to inactivation and by acetylation of the inactivated enzyme specimens leading to reactivation. It is suggested that the catalytic mechanism involves exchange of the enzyme-bound acetyl residues by malonyl residues and subsequent decarboxylation releasing CO2 and regenerating the acetyl-enzyme. The decarboxylase was inhibited by avidin but not by an avidin-biotin complex indicating that biotin is involved in catalysis. A single biotin-containing 120-kDa polypeptide was present in the extract and is a likely component of malonate decarboxylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hilbi
- Mikrobiologisches Institut, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH-Zentrum, Zürich, Switzerland
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44
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Pfenninger-Li XD, Dimroth P. NADH formation by Na(+)-coupled reversed electron transfer in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Mol Microbiol 1992; 6:1943-8. [PMID: 1508043 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01367.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Citrate is fermented by Klebsiella pneumoniae to 2 acetate, 0.5 formate and 1.2 CO2. The formation of less than 1 formate and greater than 1 CO2 per citrate can be accounted for by the oxidation of formate to CO2 in order to provide reducing equivalents for the assimilation of citrate into cell carbon. A membrane-bound electron transport chain is apparently involved in NADH synthesis by these cells. The electrons from formate oxidation to CO2 are used to reduce ubiquinone to ubiquinol by membrane-bound formate dehydrogenase and ubiquinol further delivers its electrons to NAD+, if this endergonic reaction is powered by delta mu Na+. The endogenous NADH level of K. pneumoniae cells thus increased in the presence of formate in response to a delta pNa+ greater than -100 mV. NADH formation was completely abolished in the presence of oxygen or after addition of hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide, a specific inhibitor of the Na(+)-translocating NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase. The increase of endogenous NADH was dependent on the delta pNa+ applied to the cells. Inverted membrane vesicles of K. pneumoniae catalysed the reduction of NAD+ to NADH with formate as electron donor after application of delta mu Na+ of about 120 mV consisting of delta pNa+ of 60 mV and delta psi of the same magnitude. Neither the delta pNa+ nor the delta psi of this size alone was sufficient to drive the endergonic reaction. Strictly anaerobic conditions were required for NADH formation and hydroxyquinoline-N-oxide completely inactivated the reaction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- X D Pfenninger-Li
- Mikrobiologisches Institut, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, ETH-Zentrum, Zurich, Switzerland
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45
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Chapter 2 Chemiosmotic systems and the basic principles of cell energetics. MOLECULAR MECHANISMS IN BIOENERGETICS 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-7306(08)60170-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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46
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Skulachev VP. Chemiosmotic systems in bioenergetics: H(+)-cycles and Na(+)-cycles. Biosci Rep 1991; 11:387-441; discussion 441-4. [PMID: 1668527 DOI: 10.1007/bf01130214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of membrane bioenergetic studies during the last 25 years has clearly demonstrated the validity of the Mitchellian chemiosmotic H+ cycle concept. The circulation of H+ ions was shown to couple respiration-dependent or light-dependent energy-releasing reactions to ATP formation and performance of other types of membrane-linked work in mitochondria, chloroplasts, some bacteria, tonoplasts, secretory granules and plant and fungal outer cell membranes. A concrete version of the direct chemiosmotic mechanism, in which H+ potential formation is a simple consequence of the chemistry of the energy-releasing reaction, is already proved for the photosynthetic reaction centre complexes. Recent progress in the studies on chemiosmotic systems has made it possible to extend the coupling-ion principle to an ion other than H+. It was found that, in certain bacteria, as well as in the outer membrane of the animal cell, Na+ effectively substitutes for H+ as the coupling ion (the chemiosmotic Na+ cycle). A precedent is set when the Na+ cycle appears to be the only mechanism of energy production in the bacterial cell. In the more typical case, however, the H+ and Na+ cycles coexist in one and the same membrane (bacteria) or in two different membranes of one and the same cell (animals). The sets of delta mu H+ and delta mu Na+ generators as well as delta mu H+ and delta mu Na+ consumers found in different types of biomembranes, are listed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V P Skulachev
- Department of Bioenergetics, A. N. Belozersky Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow State University, USSR
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47
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Gärtner P. Characterization of a quinole-oxidase activity in crude extracts of Thermoplasma acidophilum and isolation of an 18-kDa cytochrome. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1991; 200:215-22. [PMID: 1879426 DOI: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1991.tb21070.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A quinol-oxidase activity was detected in crude extracts of the thermoacidophilic archaebacterium Thermoplasma acidophilum. The activity was optimal at pH 5.4 and 50 degrees C. The Km for ubiquinol-10 was 18 microM. The enzyme was inhibited by 2n-heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide with a Ki of 150 nM. Ubiquinols with different side-chain lengths were oxidized at similar rates, whereas menaquinols were converted at 6-12-fold higher rates compared to ubiquinols. Membranes from T. acidophilum contain cytochromes of b, d and a1 types, as shown by optical spectroscopy. CO difference spectroscopy suggests the existence of a cytochrome o. A b-type cytochrome with an apparent molecular mass of 18 kDa was purified in the presence of high detergent concentrations. It readily forms dimers on SDS/PAGE. This cytochrome also contains Cu, as shown by atomic-absorption spectroscopy. Redox titration suggests that the 18-kDa cytochrome may contain 2 heme groups; b558 with a midpoint potential of 75 mV and b562/553 with a midpoint potential of -150 mV.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gärtner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysik, Frankfurt am Main, Federal Republic of Germany
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48
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Abstract
In Propionigenium modestum, an Na+ cycle couples the exergonic decarboxylation of methylmalonyl-CoA to endergonic ATP synthesis. The ATPase is an F1F0-type enzyme, closely related to the F1F0 ATPase of Escherichia coli. The specificity of the P. modestum ATPase for Na+ is not absolute, as it catalyses proton transport at low Na+ concentrations. The Na(+)-binding site is located on the F0 sector. Therefore, a hybrid composed of F0 from P. modestum and F1 from E. coli, but not F1F0 from E. coli, was a functional Na+ pump. In Klebsiella pneumoniae, the Na+ ions pumped out of the cell by oxaloacetate decarboxylase are taken up again in symport with the growth substrate citrate. The reaction mechanism of oxaloacetate decarboxylase involves carboxylation of the prosthetic biotin group by carboxyltransfer from oxaloacetate, catalysed by the peripheral alpha-subunit. The firmly membrane-bound subunits beta and gamma complete the cycle by decarboxylation of the carboxybiotin intermediate which is coupled to Na+ translocation through the membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dimroth
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie, Technischen Universität, München, FRG
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49
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Abstract
In some bacteria, an Na+ circuit is an important link between exergonic and endergonic membrane reactions. The physiological importance of Na+ ion cycling is described in detail for three different bacteria. Klebsiella pneumoniae fermenting citrate pumps Na+ outwards by oxaloacetate decarboxylase and uses the Na+ ion gradient thus established for citrate uptake. Another possible function of the Na+ gradient may be to drive the endergonic reduction of NAD+ with ubiquinol as electron donor. In Vibrio alginolyticus, an Na+ gradient is established by the NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase segment of the respiratory chain; the Na+ gradient drives solute uptake, flagellar motion and possibly ATP synthesis. In Propionigenium modestum, ATP biosynthesis is entirely dependent on the Na+ ion gradient established upon decarboxylation of methylmalonyl-CoA. The three Na(+)-translocating enzymes, oxaloacetate decarboxylase of Klebsiella pneumoniae, NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase of Vibrio alginolyticus and ATPase (F1F0) of Propionigenium modestum have been isolated and studied with respect to structure and function. Oxaloacetate decarboxylase consists of a peripheral subunit (alpha), that catalyses the carboxyltransfer from oxaloacetate to enzyme-bound biotin. The subunits beta and gamma are firmly embedded in the membrane and catalyse the decarboxylation of the carboxybiotin enzyme, coupled to Na+ transport. A two-step mechanism has also been demonstrated for the respiratory Na+ pump. Semiquinone radicals are first formed with the electrons from NADH; subsequently, these radicals dismutate in an Na(+)-dependent reaction to quinone and quinol. The ATPase of P. modestum is closely related in its structure to the F1F0 ATPase of E. coli, but uses Na+ as the coupling ion. A specific role of protons in the ATP synthesis mechanism is therefore excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Dimroth
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie der Technischen Universität München, F.R.G
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50
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Wifling K, Dimroth P. Isolation and characterization of oxaloacetate decarboxylase of Salmonella typhimurium, a sodium ion pump. Arch Microbiol 1989; 152:584-8. [PMID: 2556085 DOI: 10.1007/bf00425491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic growth of Salmonella typhimurium on citrate is Na+-dependent and requires induction of the necessary enzymes during a 20-40 h lag phase. The citrate fermentation pathway involves citrate lyase and oxaloacetate decarboxylase. The decarboxylase is a membrane-bound, Na+-activated, biotin-containing enzyme that functions as a Na+ pump. Oxaloacetate decarboxylase was isolated by affinity chromatography of a Triton X-100 extract of the bacterial membranes on avidin-Sepharose. The enzyme consists of three subunits alpha, beta, gamma, with apparent molecular weights of 63,800, 34,500 and 10,600. The alpha-chain contains a covalently attached biotin group and binds to antibodies raised against the alpha-subunit of oxaloacetate decarboxylase from Klebsiella pneumoniae. The Na+ transport function was reconstituted by incorporation of the purified enzyme into proteoliposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wifling
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie der Technischen Universität München, Federal Republic of Germany
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