1
|
Kong LR, Gupta K, Wu AJ, Perera D, Ivanyi-Nagy R, Ahmed SM, Tan TZ, Tan SLW, Fuddin A, Sundaramoorthy E, Goh GS, Wong RTX, Costa ASH, Oddy C, Wong H, Patro CPK, Kho YS, Huang XZ, Choo J, Shehata M, Lee SC, Goh BC, Frezza C, Pitt JJ, Venkitaraman AR. A glycolytic metabolite bypasses "two-hit" tumor suppression by BRCA2. Cell 2024; 187:2269-2287.e16. [PMID: 38608703 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Knudson's "two-hit" paradigm posits that carcinogenesis requires inactivation of both copies of an autosomal tumor suppressor gene. Here, we report that the glycolytic metabolite methylglyoxal (MGO) transiently bypasses Knudson's paradigm by inactivating the breast cancer suppressor protein BRCA2 to elicit a cancer-associated, mutational single-base substitution (SBS) signature in nonmalignant mammary cells or patient-derived organoids. Germline monoallelic BRCA2 mutations predispose to these changes. An analogous SBS signature, again without biallelic BRCA2 inactivation, accompanies MGO accumulation and DNA damage in Kras-driven, Brca2-mutant murine pancreatic cancers and human breast cancers. MGO triggers BRCA2 proteolysis, temporarily disabling BRCA2's tumor suppressive functions in DNA repair and replication, causing functional haploinsufficiency. Intermittent MGO exposure incites episodic SBS mutations without permanent BRCA2 inactivation. Thus, a metabolic mechanism wherein MGO-induced BRCA2 haploinsufficiency transiently bypasses Knudson's two-hit requirement could link glycolysis activation by oncogenes, metabolic disorders, or dietary challenges to mutational signatures implicated in cancer evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Ren Kong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; Department of Pharmacology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Komal Gupta
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Andy Jialun Wu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - David Perera
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | | | - Syed Moiz Ahmed
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Shawn Lu-Wen Tan
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | - Ana S H Costa
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Callum Oddy
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Hannan Wong
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - C Pawan K Patro
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Yun Suen Kho
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Xiao Zi Huang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Joan Choo
- Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Mona Shehata
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Soo Chin Lee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Boon Cher Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Christian Frezza
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; University of Cologne, 50923 Köln, Germany
| | - Jason J Pitt
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; Genome Institute of Singapore, A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Ashok R Venkitaraman
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore; MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), A(∗)STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore; Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK; Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jiang P. A glycolytic metabolite that drives BRCA2 haploinsufficiency. Cell 2024; 187:2124-2126. [PMID: 38670069 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Many types of tumor cells alter metabolic pathways to meet their energy and biosynthetic demands for proliferation or stress adaptation. In this issue of Cell, Kong et al. find that the glycolytic metabolite methylglyoxal causes cancer-associated mutant single-base substitution features by inducing BRCA2 proteolysis, leading to functional haploinsufficiency of BRCA2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Williams LA, Haynes D, Sample JM, Lu Z, Hossaini A, McGuinn LA, Hoang TT, Lupo PJ, Scheurer ME. PM2.5, vegetation density, and childhood cancer: a case-control registry-based study from Texas 1995-2011. J Natl Cancer Inst 2024:djae035. [PMID: 38366656 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djae035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Air pollution is positively associated with some childhood cancers while greenness is inversely associated with some adult cancers. The interplay between air pollution and greenness in childhood cancer etiology is unclear. We estimated the association between early life air pollution and greenness exposure and childhood cancer in Texas (1995-2011). METHODS We included 6,101 cancer cases and 109,762 controls (aged 0-16 years). We linked residential birth address to census tract annual average particulate matter ≤2.5 µg/m³ (PM2.5) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). We estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) between PM2.5/NDVI interquartile range increases and cancer. We assessed statistical interaction between PM2.5 and NDVI (likelihood ratio tests). RESULTS Increasing residential early life PM2.5 exposure was associated with all childhood cancers (OR 1.10, 95% CI: 1.06-1.15), lymphoid leukemias (OR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.07-1.23), Hodgkin lymphomas (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.02-1.58), non-Hodgkin lymphomas (OR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.02-1.51), ependymoma (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.01-1.60) and others. Increasing NDVI exposure was inversely associated with ependymoma (0-4-year-old OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.58-0.97) and medulloblastoma (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.62-0.91), but positively associated with malignant melanoma (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.23-2.47) and Langerhans cell histiocytosis (OR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.07-2.28). There was evidence of statistical interaction between NDVI and PM2.5 (p < .04) for all cancers. DISCUSSION Increasing early life exposure to PM2.5 increased the risk of childhood cancers. NDVI decreased risk of two cancers yet increased risk of others. These findings highlight the complexity between PM2.5 and NDVI in cancer etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay A Williams
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- Brain Tumor Program, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - David Haynes
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jeannette M Sample
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Zhanni Lu
- Division of Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Ali Hossaini
- Institute for Health Informatics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Laura A McGuinn
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Thanh T Hoang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Philip J Lupo
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael E Scheurer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sukpan P, Sangkhathat S, Sriplung H, Laochareonsuk W, Choochuen P, Auseng N, Khoonjan W, Salaeh R, Thangnaphadol K, Wanawanakorn K, Kanokwiroon K. Exome Sequencing Reveals Novel Germline Variants in Breast Cancer Patients in the Southernmost Region of Thailand. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1587. [PMID: 38003901 PMCID: PMC10672121 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13111587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline carriers of pathogenic variants in cancer susceptibility genes are at an increased risk of breast cancer (BC). We characterized germline variants in a cohort of 151 patients diagnosed with epithelial BC in the southernmost region of Thailand, where the predominant ethnicity differs from that of the rest of the country. Whole exome sequencing was used to identify and subsequently filter variants present in 26 genes known to be associated with cancer predisposition. Of the 151 individuals assessed, 23, corresponding to 15.2% of the sample, exhibited the presence of one or more pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants associated with BC susceptibility. We identified novel germline truncating variants in BRIP1, CHEK2, MSH6, PALB2, and PTEN and annotated variants of uncertain significance (VUSs), both novel and previously documented. Therefore, it is advisable to use genetic testing as an additional risk screening method for BC in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Panupong Sukpan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.S.); (W.L.); (P.C.)
- Medical Education Center, Naradhiwas Rajanagarindra Hospital, Narathiwat 96000, Thailand; (N.A.); (W.K.)
| | - Surasak Sangkhathat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.S.); (W.L.); (P.C.)
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand
| | - Hutcha Sriplung
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;
| | - Wison Laochareonsuk
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.S.); (W.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Pongsakorn Choochuen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.S.); (W.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Nasuha Auseng
- Medical Education Center, Naradhiwas Rajanagarindra Hospital, Narathiwat 96000, Thailand; (N.A.); (W.K.)
| | - Weerawan Khoonjan
- Medical Education Center, Naradhiwas Rajanagarindra Hospital, Narathiwat 96000, Thailand; (N.A.); (W.K.)
| | - Rusta Salaeh
- Department of Surgery, Pattani Hospital, Pattani 94000, Thailand;
| | | | | | - Kanyanatt Kanokwiroon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand; (P.S.); (S.S.); (W.L.); (P.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Stentenbach M, Ermer JA, Rudler DL, Perks KL, Raven SA, Lee RG, McCubbin T, Marcellin E, Siira SJ, Rackham O, Filipovska A. Multi-omic profiling reveals an RNA processing rheostat that predisposes to prostate cancer. EMBO Mol Med 2023:e17463. [PMID: 37093546 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202317463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer deaths. GWAS have identified variants associated with prostate cancer susceptibility; however, mechanistic and functional validation of these mutations is lacking. We used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to introduce a missense variant identified in the ELAC2 gene, which encodes a dually localised nuclear and mitochondrial RNA processing enzyme, into the mouse Elac2 gene as well as to generate a prostate-specific knockout of Elac2. These mutations caused enlargement and inflammation of the prostate and nodule formation. The Elac2 variant or knockout mice on the background of the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model show that Elac2 mutation with a secondary genetic insult exacerbated the onset and progression of prostate cancer. Multiomic profiling revealed defects in energy metabolism that activated proinflammatory and tumorigenic pathways as a consequence of impaired noncoding RNA processing and reduced protein synthesis. Our physiologically relevant models show that the ELAC2 variant is a predisposing factor for prostate cancer and identify changes that underlie the pathogenesis of this cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maike Stentenbach
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Judith A Ermer
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Danielle L Rudler
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Kara L Perks
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Samuel A Raven
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Richard G Lee
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Tim McCubbin
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Esteban Marcellin
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stefan J Siira
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Oliver Rackham
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Filipovska
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Synthetic Biology, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, Northern Entrance, Perth Children's Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Balestrini S, Barba C, Thom M, Guerrini R. Focal cortical dysplasia: a practical guide for neurologists. Pract Neurol 2023:pn-2022-003404. [PMID: 36823117 DOI: 10.1136/pn-2022-003404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) is a malformation of cortical development characterised by disruption of cortical cytoarchitecture. Classification of FCDs subtypes has initially been based on correlation of the histopathology with relevant clinical, electroencephalographic and neuroimaging features. A recently proposed classification update recommends a multilayered, genotype-phenotype approach, integrating findings from histopathology, genetic analysis of resected tissue and presurgical MRI. FCDs are caused either by single somatic activating mutations in MTOR pathway genes or by double-hit inactivating mutations with a constitutional and a somatic loss-of-function mutation in repressors of the signalling pathway. Mild malformation with oligodendroglial hyperplasia in epilepsy is caused by somatic pathogenic SLC35A2 mutations. FCDs most often present with drug-resistant focal epilepsy or epileptic encephalopathy. Most patients respond to surgical treatment. The use of mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitors may complement the surgical approach. Treatment approaches and outcomes have improved with advances in neuroimaging, neurophysiology and genetics, although predictors of treatment response have only been determined in part.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Balestrini
- Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy .,University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Carmen Barba
- Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy.,University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Thom
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Renzo Guerrini
- Pediatric Neurology Unit and Laboratories, Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS, Florence, Italy.,University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chan AP, Choi Y, Rangan A, Zhang G, Podder A, Berens M, Sharma S, Pirrotte P, Byron S, Duggan D, Schork NJ. Interrogating the Human Diplome: Computational Methods, Emerging Applications, and Challenges. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2590:1-30. [PMID: 36335489 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2819-5_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Human DNA sequencing protocols have revolutionized human biology, biomedical science, and clinical practice, but still have very important limitations. One limitation is that most protocols do not separate or assemble (i.e., "phase") the nucleotide content of each of the maternally and paternally derived chromosomal homologs making up the 22 autosomal pairs and the chromosomal pair making up the pseudo-autosomal region of the sex chromosomes. This has led to a dearth of studies and a consequent underappreciation of many phenomena of fundamental importance to basic and clinical genomic science. We discuss a few protocols for obtaining phase information as well as their limitations, including those that could be used in tumor phasing settings. We then describe a number of biological and clinical phenomena that require phase information. These include phenomena that require precise knowledge of the nucleotide sequence in a chromosomal segment from germline or somatic cells, such as DNA binding events, and insight into unique cis vs. trans-acting functionally impactful variant combinations-for example, variants implicated in a phenotype governed by compound heterozygosity. In addition, we also comment on the need for reliable and consensus-based diploid-context computational workflows for variant identification as well as the need for laboratory-based functional verification strategies for validating cis vs. trans effects of variant combinations. We also briefly describe available resources, example studies, as well as areas of further research, and ultimately argue that the science behind the study of human diploidy, referred to as "diplomics," which will be enabled by nucleotide-level resolution of phased genomes, is a logical next step in the analysis of human genome biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes P Chan
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), part of the City of Hope National Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Yongwook Choi
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), part of the City of Hope National Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Aditya Rangan
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences at New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guangfa Zhang
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), part of the City of Hope National Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Avijit Podder
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), part of the City of Hope National Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Michael Berens
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), part of the City of Hope National Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- The City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Sunil Sharma
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), part of the City of Hope National Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- The City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Pirrotte
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), part of the City of Hope National Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- The City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Sara Byron
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), part of the City of Hope National Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- The City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Dave Duggan
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), part of the City of Hope National Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- The City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Schork
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), part of the City of Hope National Medical Center, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
- The City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Desmoid disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Abdominal desmoid disease usually follows total proctocolectomy with IPAA or total abdominal colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis. Sex, extraintestinal manifestations, and a 3'-mutation location have been identified as risk factors, but surgical risk factors are poorly understood. We hypothesized that pouch construction creates a higher risk of desmoid formation due to the increased stretch of the small-bowel mesentery. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the surgical risk factors for desmoid formation. DESIGN This was a retrospective, single-center, registry-based cohort study. SETTINGS This study was conducted at a single academic institution with a prospectively maintained hereditary colorectal cancer database between 1995 and 2015. PATIENTS All patients with familial polyposis (total 345) who underwent either proctocolectomy with a pouch or colectomy with an ileorectal anastomosis during the study period and met inclusion criteria were selected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The development of symptomatic abdominal desmoid disease was the primary end point. Associations between desmoid formation and resection type, surgical approach, and other patient factors were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 172 (49%) patients underwent proctocolectomy/ileoanal pouch, whereas 173 (51%) underwent total colectomy/ileorectal anastomosis. Overall, 100 (28.9%) developed symptomatic desmoids after surgery. On univariable analysis, open surgery and pouch surgery were associated with desmoid development, along with extracolonic manifestations, family history of desmoids, mutation location, and a high desmoid risk score. On multivarible analysis, proctocolectomy with pouch was most strongly associated with desmoid disease ( p < 0.01). LIMITATIONS This study was limited by its retrospective nature, the lack of uniform desmoid screening, and the variable duration of follow-up. Unanalyzed confounding factors include polyposis severity and number of surgeries. CONCLUSIONS Patients with polyposis who underwent total proctocolectomy with pouch by any approach had significantly greater risk of developing desmoid disease than total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis, even when accounting for other risk factors. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B822 .RESULTADOS DE LOS PACIENTES SOMETIDOS A RESECCIÓN INTESTINAL ELECTIVA ANTES Y DESPUÉS DE LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE UN PROGRAMA DE DETECCIÓN Y TRATAMIENTO DE ANEMIA. ANTECEDENTES Se sabe que los pacientes anémicos que se someten a una cirugía electiva de cáncer colorrectal tienen tasas significativamente más altas de complicaciones posoperatorias y peores resultados. OBJETIVO Mejorar las tasas de detección y tratamiento de la anemia en pacientes sometidos a resecciones electivas de colon y recto a través de una iniciativa de mejora de calidad. DISEO Comparamos una cohorte histórica de pacientes antes de la implementación de nuestro programa de detección de anemia y mejora de la calidad del tratamiento con una cohorte prospectiva después de la implementación. ENTORNO CLINICO Hospital de atención terciaria. PACIENTES Todos los pacientes adultos con un nuevo diagnóstico de cáncer de colon o recto sin evidencia de enfermedad metastásica entre 2017 y 2019. INTERVENCIONES Detección de anemia y programa de mejora de la calidad del tratamiento. PRINCIPALES MEDIDAS DE RESULTADO El resultado primario fue el costo hospitalario por ingreso. RESULTADOS Un total de 84 pacientes se sometieron a resección electiva de colon o recto antes de la implementación de nuestro proyecto de mejora de calidad de la anemia y 88 pacientes se sometieron a cirugía después. En la cohorte previa a la implementación, 44/84 (55,9 %) presentaban anemia en comparación con 47/99 (54,7 %) en la cohorte posterior a la implementación. Las tasas de detección (25 % a 86,4 %) y tratamiento (27,8 % a 63,8 %) aumentaron significativamente en la cohorte posterior a la implementación. El costo total medio por admisión se redujo significativamente en la cohorte posterior a la implementación (costo medio $16 827 vs. $25 796, p = 0,004); esta reducción significativa se observó incluso después de ajustar los factores de confusión relevantes (proporción de medias: 0,74, IC del 95 %: 0,65 a 0,85). El vínculo mecánico entre el tratamiento de la anemia y la reducción de costos sigue siendo desconocido. No hubo diferencias significativas en las tasas de transfusión de sangre, complicaciones o mortalidad entre los grupos. LIMITACIONES El diseño de antes y después está sujeto a sesgos temporales y de selección. CONCLUSIONES Demostramos la implementación exitosa de un programa de detección y tratamiento de anemia. Este programa se asoció con un costo por admisión significativamente reducido. Este trabajo demuestra el valor y los beneficios posibles de la implementación de un programa de detección y tratamiento de la anemia. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/C15 . (Traducción- Dr. Francisco M. Abarca-Rendon ).
Collapse
|
9
|
Mundy C, Chung J, Koyama E, Bunting S, Mahimkar R, Pacifici M. Osteochondroma formation is independent of heparanase expression as revealed in a mouse model of hereditary multiple exostoses. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:2391-2401. [PMID: 34996123 PMCID: PMC9259764 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) is a rare, pediatric disorder characterized by osteochondromas that form along growth plates and provoke significant musculoskeletal problems. HME is caused by mutations in heparan sulfate (HS)-synthesizing enzymes EXT1 or EXT2. Seemingly paradoxically, osteochondromas were found to contain excessive extracellular heparanase (Hpse) that could further reduce HS levels and exacerbate pathogenesis. To test Hpse roles, we asked whether its ablation would protect against osteochondroma formation in a conditional HME model consisting of mice bearing floxed Ext1 alleles in Agr-CreER background (Ext1f/f ;Agr-CreER mice). Mice were crossed with a new global Hpse-null (Hpse-/- ) mice to produce compound Hpse-/- ;Ext1f/f ;Agr-CreER mice. Tamoxifen injection of standard juvenile Ext1f/f ;Agr-CreER mice elicited stochastic Ext1 ablation in growth plate and perichondrium, followed by osteochondroma formation, as revealed by microcomputed tomography and histochemistry. When we examined companion conditional Ext1-deficient mice lacking Hpse also, we detected no major decreases in osteochondroma number, skeletal distribution, and overall structure by the analytical criteria above. The Ext1 mutants used here closely mimic human HME pathogenesis, but have not been previously tested for responsiveness to treatments. To exclude some innate therapeutic resistance in this stochastic model, tamoxifen-injected Ext1f/f ;Agr-CreER mice were administered daily doses of the retinoid Palovarotene, previously shown to prevent ectopic cartilage and bone formation in other mouse disease models. This treatment did inhibit osteochondroma formation compared with vehicle-treated mice. Our data indicate that heparanase is not a major factor in osteochondroma initiation and accumulation in mice. Possible roles of heparanase upregulation in disease severity in patients are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Mundy
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Juliet Chung
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Eiki Koyama
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Maurizio Pacifici
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yamashiro Y, Yanai Y, Takeda T, Hayashi T, Akazawa Y, Yatagai N, Ueyama H, Eguchi H, Nagahara A, Yao T, Saito T. Molecular and clinicopathological analysis of three cases of gastric juvenile polyposis. JGH Open 2022; 6:531-538. [PMID: 35928693 PMCID: PMC9344582 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aim Juvenile polyposis (JP) is a rare disease known to be associated with mutations either in SMAD4/BMPR1A. JP is known to often develop into malignant tumors, with a reported probability of 9–50%. However, the mechanisms of its carcinogenesis are not fully understood. We tried to elucidate the mechanisms of malignant transformation underlying this condition in three cases of gastric JP. Methods We selected polyps from each patient displaying varying degrees of atypia and their nearby normal polyps and compared them using immunohistochemistry, Sanger sequencing, and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis of SMAD4, BMPR1A, and TP53. Results Two of the three cases were suspected of having germline SMAD4 mutations based on their familial medical histories; the remaining case was found to have a SMAD4 germline mutation following preoperative genetic testing. All three cases were shown to present with both SMAD4 positive and negative areas across each lesion, with the neoplastic lesions tending to show stronger nuclear SMAD4 expression. This expression was closely associated with the SMAD4 LOH status; however, we also noted paradoxical SMAD4 expression in the neoplastic lesions despite the biallelic inactivation of SMAD4 revealed in the genetic evaluation. Conclusions These data suggest that strong nuclear expression of SMAD4, even when seemingly paradoxical, seems to be closely associated with dysplastic polyps in JP. Complete inactivation of SMAD4 was not shown to be essential for the development of dysplastic polyps in gastric JP, and other pathways seemed to be involved in the acquisition of the malignant phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Yamashiro
- Department of Human Pathology Juntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuka Yanai
- Department of Human Pathology Juntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takeda
- Department of Gastroenterology Juntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Takuo Hayashi
- Department of Human Pathology Juntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoichi Akazawa
- Department of Gastroenterology Juntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Noboru Yatagai
- Department of Gastroenterology Juntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroya Ueyama
- Department of Gastroenterology Juntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Hidetaka Eguchi
- Intractable Disease Research Center Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Akihito Nagahara
- Department of Gastroenterology Juntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Takashi Yao
- Department of Human Pathology Juntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Department of Human Pathology Juntendo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
- Intractable Disease Research Center Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ma X, Cui Y, Gao Y, Zhang X, Nie M, Tong A. Fumarate hydratase gene germline variants and mosaicism associated with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1516:262-270. [PMID: 35821608 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fumarate hydratase (FH) catalyzes the conversion of fumaric acid to L-malic acid. Heterozygous variants of the human fumarate hydratase gene (FH) predispose to hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer and, rarely, pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL). No mosaic variant in FH has been reported yet. Using next-generation sequencing, five individuals with FH variants were found in 319 PPGL patients. Immunohistochemistry staining and loss of heterozygosity analysis in tumor tissues were performed to determine the pathogenicity of the variants. Deep targeted sequencing was performed on the peripheral blood DNA of a pheochromocytoma (PCC) patient with uterine leiomyomas. Finally, two of the five variants were found to be pathogenic. A germline variant (c.817G>A, p.Ala273Thr) was found in a patient with a PPGL family history. A mosaic variant (c.206G>A, p.Gly69Asp) with an allelic ratio of 5% in blood DNA was confirmed in the PCC patient with uterine leiomyomas. No metastatic PPGL was observed in the two PPGL patients with FH pathogenic variants. In summary, we report mosaicism in FH and the first PPGL pedigree with an FH pathogenic germline variant. Both germline variants and mosaicism should be taken into account during genetic testing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosen Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yunying Cui
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yinjie Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Nie
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Anli Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rempel E, Kluck K, Beck S, Ourailidis I, Kazdal D, Neumann O, Volckmar AL, Kirchner M, Goldschmid H, Pfarr N, Weichert W, Hübschmann D, Fröhling S, Sutter C, Schaaf CP, Schirmacher P, Endris V, Stenzinger A, Budczies J. Pan-cancer analysis of genomic scar patterns caused by homologous repair deficiency (HRD). NPJ Precis Oncol 2022; 6:36. [PMID: 35681079 PMCID: PMC9184602 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-022-00276-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous repair deficiency (HRD) is present in many cancer types at variable prevalence and can indicate response to platinum-based chemotherapy and PARP inhibition. We developed a tumor classification system based on the loss of function of genes in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) pathway. To this end, somatic and germline alterations in BRCA1/2 and 140 other HRR genes were included and assessed for the impact on gene function. Additionally, information on the allelic hit type and on BRCA1 promoter hypermethylation was included. The HRDsum score including LOH, LST, and TAI was calculated for 8847 tumors of the TCGA cohort starting from genotyping data and for the subcohort of ovarian cancer also starting from WES data. Pan-cancer, deleterious BRCA1/2 alterations were detected in 4% of the tumors, while 18% of the tumors were HRD-positive (HRDsum ≥ 42). Across 33 cancer types, both BRCA1/2 alterations and HRD-positivity were most prevalent in ovarian cancer (20% and 69%). Pan-cancer, tumors with biallelic deleterious alterations in BRCA1/2 were separated strongly from tumors without relevant alterations (AUC = 0.89), while separation for tumors with monoallelic deleterious BRCA1/2 alterations was weak (AUC = 0.53). Tumors with biallelic deleterious alterations in other HHR genes were separated moderately from tumors without relevant alterations (AUC = 0.63), while separation for tumors with such monoallelic alterations was weaker (AUC = 0.57). In ovarian cancer, HRDsum scores calculated from WES data correlated strongly with HRDsum scores calculated from genotyping data (R = 0.87) and were slightly (4%) higher. We comprehensively analyzed HRD scores and their association with mutations in HRR genes in common cancer types. Our study identifies important parameters influencing HRD measurement and argues for an integration of HRDsum score with specific mutational profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Rempel
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Kluck
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Beck
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Personalized Medicine (ZPM) Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - I Ourailidis
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Kazdal
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg site, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - O Neumann
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A L Volckmar
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Kirchner
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Goldschmid
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Pfarr
- Institute of Pathology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - W Weichert
- Institute of Pathology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 81675, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Hübschmann
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Heidelberg and DKFZ, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,NCT Molecular Diagnostics Program, NCT Heidelberg and DKFZ, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Fröhling
- Center for Personalized Medicine (ZPM) Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Division of Translational Medical Oncology, NCT Heidelberg and DKFZ, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,NCT Molecular Diagnostics Program, NCT Heidelberg and DKFZ, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Sutter
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C P Schaaf
- Center for Personalized Medicine (ZPM) Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - V Endris
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stenzinger
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Center for Personalized Medicine (ZPM) Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg site, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - J Budczies
- Institute of Pathology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Center for Personalized Medicine (ZPM) Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg site, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Steele CD, Abbasi A, Islam SMA, Bowes AL, Khandekar A, Haase K, Hames-Fathi S, Ajayi D, Verfaillie A, Dhami P, McLatchie A, Lechner M, Light N, Shlien A, Malkin D, Feber A, Proszek P, Lesluyes T, Mertens F, Flanagan AM, Tarabichi M, Van Loo P, Alexandrov LB, Pillay N. Signatures of copy number alterations in human cancer. Nature 2022; 606:984-991. [PMID: 35705804 PMCID: PMC9242861 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04738-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Gains and losses of DNA are prevalent in cancer and emerge as a consequence of inter-related processes of replication stress, mitotic errors, spindle multipolarity and breakage-fusion-bridge cycles, among others, which may lead to chromosomal instability and aneuploidy1,2. These copy number alterations contribute to cancer initiation, progression and therapeutic resistance3-5. Here we present a conceptual framework to examine the patterns of copy number alterations in human cancer that is widely applicable to diverse data types, including whole-genome sequencing, whole-exome sequencing, reduced representation bisulfite sequencing, single-cell DNA sequencing and SNP6 microarray data. Deploying this framework to 9,873 cancers representing 33 human cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas6 revealed a set of 21 copy number signatures that explain the copy number patterns of 97% of samples. Seventeen copy number signatures were attributed to biological phenomena of whole-genome doubling, aneuploidy, loss of heterozygosity, homologous recombination deficiency, chromothripsis and haploidization. The aetiologies of four copy number signatures remain unexplained. Some cancer types harbour amplicon signatures associated with extrachromosomal DNA, disease-specific survival and proto-oncogene gains such as MDM2. In contrast to base-scale mutational signatures, no copy number signature was associated with many known exogenous cancer risk factors. Our results synthesize the global landscape of copy number alterations in human cancer by revealing a diversity of mutational processes that give rise to these alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Steele
- Research Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ammal Abbasi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - S M Ashiqul Islam
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Amy L Bowes
- Research Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Azhar Khandekar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kerstin Haase
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Shadi Hames-Fathi
- Research Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dolapo Ajayi
- Research Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Pawan Dhami
- CRUK-UCL Cancer Institute Translational Technology Platform (Genomics), London, UK
| | - Alex McLatchie
- CRUK-UCL Cancer Institute Translational Technology Platform (Genomics), London, UK
| | - Matt Lechner
- Research Department of Oncology, UCL Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Light
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adam Shlien
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Malkin
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Feber
- Translational Epigenetics, Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Clinical Genomics, Translational Research Laboratory, Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Paula Proszek
- Translational Epigenetics, Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Clinical Genomics, Translational Research Laboratory, Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Tom Lesluyes
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Fredrik Mertens
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Genetics and Pathology, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Lund, Sweden
| | - Adrienne M Flanagan
- Research Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, UK
| | - Maxime Tarabichi
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Van Loo
- Cancer Genomics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Ludmil B Alexandrov
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Nischalan Pillay
- Research Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Stanmore, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mighton C, Lerner‐Ellis J. Principles of molecular testing for hereditary cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2022; 61:356-381. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Mighton
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health Toronto ON Canada
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health Toronto ON Canada
- Genomics Health Services Research Program Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto Toronto ON Canada
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| | - Jordan Lerner‐Ellis
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health Toronto ON Canada
- Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health Toronto ON Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Galetzka D, Böck J, Wagner L, Dittrich M, Sinizyn O, Ludwig M, Rossmann H, Spix C, Radsak M, Scholz-Kreisel P, Mirsch J, Linke M, Brenner W, Marron M, Poplawski A, Haaf T, Schmidberger H, Prawitt D. Hypermethylation of RAD9A intron 2 in childhood cancer patients, leukemia and tumor cell lines suggest a role for oncogenic transformation. EXCLI JOURNAL 2022; 21:117-143. [PMID: 35221838 PMCID: PMC8859646 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-4482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Most childhood cancers occur sporadically and cannot be explained by an inherited mutation or an unhealthy lifestyle. However, risk factors might trigger the oncogenic transformation of cells. Among other regulatory signals, hypermethylation of RAD9A intron 2 is responsible for the increased expression of RAD9A protein, which may play a role in oncogenic transformation. Here, we analyzed the RAD9A intron 2 methylation in primary fibroblasts of 20 patients with primary cancer in childhood and second primary cancer (2N) later in life, 20 matched patients with only one primary cancer in childhood (1N) and 20 matched cancer-free controls (0N), using bisulfite pyrosequencing and deep bisulfite sequencing (DBS). Four 1N patients and one 2N patient displayed elevated mean methylation levels (≥ 10 %) of RAD9A. DBS revealed ≥ 2 % hypermethylated alleles of RAD9A, indicative for constitutive mosaic epimutations. Bone marrow samples of NHL and AML tumor patients (n=74), EBV (Epstein Barr Virus) lymphoblasts (n=6), tumor cell lines (n=5) and FaDu subclones (n=13) were analyzed to substantiate our findings. We find a broad spectrum of tumor entities with an aberrant methylation of RAD9A. We detected a significant difference in mean methylation of RAD9A for NHL versus AML patients (p ≤0.025). Molecular karyotyping of AML samples during therapy with hypermethylated RAD9A showed an evolving duplication of 1.8 kb on Chr16p13.3 including the PKD1 gene. Radiation, colony formation assays, cell proliferation, PCR and molecular karyotyping SNP-array experiments using generated FaDu subclones suggest that hypermethylation of RAD9A intron 2 is associated with genomic imbalances in regions with tumor-relevant genes and survival of the cells. In conclusion, this is the very first study of RAD9A intron 2 methylation in childhood cancer and Leukemia. RAD9A epimutations may have an impact on leukemia and tumorigenesis and can potentially serve as a biomarker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danuta Galetzka
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Böck
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Wagner
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcus Dittrich
- Bioinformatics Department, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Olesja Sinizyn
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Heidi Rossmann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | - Claudia Spix
- Division of Childhood Cancer Epidemiology, Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Radsak
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Johanna Mirsch
- Radiation Biology and DNA Repair, Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Matthias Linke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | - Walburgis Brenner
- Department of Obstetrics and Women's Health, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manuela Marron
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Alicia Poplawski
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Haaf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Julius Maximilians University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Schmidberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Therapy, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dirk Prawitt
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Escobar D, Bushara O, Sun L, Liao J, Yang GY. Clinicopathologic Characteristics of FBXW7-Mutated Colorectal Adenocarcinoma and Association with Aberrant Beta-catenin Localization. Hum Pathol 2021; 119:51-58. [PMID: 34717891 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)/Wnt signaling pathway are well documented. The FBXW7 gene (F-Box And WD Repeat Domain Containing 7) encodes a member of the ubiquitin-proteasome complex that is more recently described to antagonize the oncogenic Wnt pathway by promoting the degradation of β-catenin encoded by CTNNB1 gene. The pathologic significance of FBXW7 mutation in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) remains underreported. In this study, we report the clinicopathologic and β-catenin immunohistochemical features of a single-institution cohort (83 cases) of FBXW7-mutated CRC compared to CTNNB1-mutated CRC. FBXW7-mutated CRC was more common in older patients (p=0.031) and in the left/distal colon (p=0.022). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that aberrant nuclear/cytoplasmic β-catenin localization was identified in a significantly high proportion of FBXW7-mutated CRCs. When compared to CTNNB1-mutated CRC, FBXW7-mutated CRC showed a significantly higher proportion of MSI-stable tumors with intact expression of DNA mismatch repair proteins, and had significantly more frequent co-occurrence of missense TP53 and KRAS mutations. The most frequently mutated FBXW7 residues/hotspots were located within the WD repeat domains (aa 378-659), which were also associated with aberrant nuclear/cytoplasmic localization of β-catenin protein. Our results indicate the unique pathologic characteristics of FBXW7 mutated CRC with frequent co-occurrence of missense mutant TP53, and KRAS. The mutated FBXW7 residues/hotspots and its association with aberrant nuclear/cytoplasmic β-catenin localization further support the oncogenic role of FBXW7 in colon carcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Escobar
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Omar Bushara
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Leyu Sun
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Jie Liao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Neocortical development and epilepsy: insights from focal cortical dysplasia and brain tumours. Lancet Neurol 2021; 20:943-955. [PMID: 34687638 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(21)00265-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
During the past decade, there have been considerable advances in understanding of the genetic and morphogenic processes underlying cortical malformations and developmental brain tumours. Focal malformations are caused by somatic (postzygotic) variants in genes related to cell growth (ie, in the mTOR pathway in focal cortical dysplasia type 2), which are acquired in neuronal progenitors during neurodevelopment. In comparison, developmental brain tumours result from somatic variants in genes related to cell proliferation (eg, in the MAP-kinase pathway in ganglioglioma), which affect proliferating glioneuronal precursors. The timing of the genetic event and the specific gene involved during neurodevelopment will drive the nature and size of the lesion, whether it is a developmental malformation or a brain tumour. There is also emerging evidence that epigenetic processes underlie a molecular memory in epileptogenesis. This knowledge will together facilitate understanding of why and how patients with these lesions have epilepsy, and could form a basis for a move towards precision medicine for this challenging cohort of patients.
Collapse
|
18
|
Fertility preservation and PGT-M in women with familial adenomatous polyposis-associated desmoid tumours. Reprod Biomed Online 2021; 43:637-644. [PMID: 34429254 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION Is ovarian stimulation and pregnancy in women with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)-associated desmoid tumours safe? DESIGN The study included women with FAP-associated desmoid tumours who underwent fertility treatments at the authors' tertiary medical centre between the years 2011 and 2021. Data were collected from the fertility unit's charts and from the oncological registries. The main outcome measures were the number of vitrified oocytes and embryos, and the number of live births in preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic/single gene defects (PGT-M) cycles. RESULTS Overall, 17 women were identified suitable for this study. A total of 117 mature oocytes were vitrified for fertility preservation and 106 embryos were submitted to PGT-M. One patient returned to claim her cryopreserved oocytes, and five patients who underwent PGT-M embryo transfer reported three live births. A statistically significant decrease in selected fertility cycle parameters was observed in one woman who co-administered sorafenib (a multikinase inhibitor) during her first cycles of treatment, as the mean number of oocytes before and after was 2.7 (±1.3) versus 13.2 (±3.3) (P = 0.02), the mean number of metaphase II oocytes was 2.2 (±2.1) versus 7.7 (±2.6) (P = 0.007), and the mean number of two-pronuclei oocytes was 0.5 (±1.1) versus 3.5 (±1.7) (P = 0.09). Three patients had a median desmoid tumour growth on magnetic resonance imaging of 6.2 (2.9-7.2) cm when compared with prior ovarian stimulation imaging. CONCLUSIONS Ovarian stimulation for women with desmoid tumours was characterized in some patients with an acceleration in tumour growth, regardless of the use of aromatase inhibitors. The use of sorafenib should be carefully considered during the course of fertility treatment.
Collapse
|
19
|
Yang Y, Chen J, Qin H, Jin Y, Zhang L, Yang S, Wang H, Fu L, Hong E, Yu Y, Lu J, Chang Y, Ni X, Xu M, Shi T, Guo Y. A Novel Germline Compound Heterozygous Mutation of BRCA2 Gene Associated With Familial Peripheral Neuroblastic Tumors in Two Siblings. Front Genet 2021; 12:652718. [PMID: 34367235 PMCID: PMC8343186 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.652718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate the genetic variants that are responsible for peripheral neuroblastic tumors (PNTs) oncogenesis in one family case. Materials and Methods One family was recruited, including the healthy parents, sister affected by neuroblastoma (NB), and brother who suffered from ganglioneuroma (GN). Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of germline DNA from all the family members and RNA-seq of tumor RNA from the siblings were performed. Mutants were validated by Sanger sequencing and co-IP was performed to assess the impact of the mutant on chemosensitivity in the SH-SY5Y cell line. Results A novel compound heterozygous mutation of BRCA2 was locked as the cause of carcinogenesis. One allele was BRCA2-S871X (stop-gain) from the siblings’ mother, the other was BRCA2-N372H (missense) from their father. This novel compound heterozygous mutations of the BRCA2 gene associated with PNTs by disordering DNA damage and response (DDR) signal pathway. Moreover, chemosensitivity was reduced in the NB cell line due to the BRCA2-N372H mutant. Conclusion In summary, these results revealed a novel germline compound heterozygous mutation of the BRCA2 gene associated with familial PNTs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeran Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Biobank for Clinical Data and Samples in Pediatric, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiwei Chen
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Qin
- Department of Surgical Oncology, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqiong Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Biobank for Clinical Data and Samples in Pediatric, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shen Yang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Huanmin Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Libing Fu
- Department of Pathology, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Enyu Hong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Biobank for Clinical Data and Samples in Pediatric, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongbo Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Biobank for Clinical Data and Samples in Pediatric, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Biobank for Clinical Data and Samples in Pediatric, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Biobank for Clinical Data and Samples in Pediatric, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Ni
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Biobank for Clinical Data and Samples in Pediatric, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Xu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tieliu Shi
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongli Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Biobank for Clinical Data and Samples in Pediatric, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kastriti ME, Kameneva P, Adameyko I. Stem cells, evolutionary aspects and pathology of the adrenal medulla: A new developmental paradigm. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 518:110998. [PMID: 32818585 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian adrenal gland is composed of two main components; the catecholaminergic neural crest-derived medulla, found in the center of the gland, and the mesoderm-derived cortex producing steroidogenic hormones. The medulla is composed of neuroendocrine chromaffin cells with oxygen-sensing properties and is dependent on tissue interactions with the overlying cortex, both during development and in adulthood. Other relevant organs include the Zuckerkandl organ containing extra-adrenal chromaffin cells, and carotid oxygen-sensing bodies containing glomus cells. Chromaffin and glomus cells reveal a number of important similarities and are derived from the multipotent nerve-associated descendants of the neural crest, or Schwann cell precursors. Abnormalities in complex developmental processes during differentiation of nerve-associated and other progenitors into chromaffin and oxygen-sensing populations may result in different subtypes of paraganglioma, neuroblastoma and pheochromocytoma. Here, we summarize recent findings explaining the development of chromaffin and oxygen-sensing cells, as well as the potential mechanisms driving neuroendocrine tumor initiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eleni Kastriti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Polina Kameneva
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Igor Adameyko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden; Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Coorens THH, Farndon SJ, Mitchell TJ, Jain N, Lee S, Hubank M, Sebire N, Anderson J, Behjati S. Lineage-Independent Tumors in Bilateral Neuroblastoma. N Engl J Med 2020; 383:1860-1865. [PMID: 33211929 PMCID: PMC7611571 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2000962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Childhood tumors that occur synchronously in different anatomical sites usually represent metastatic disease. However, such tumors can be independent neoplasms. We investigated whether cases of bilateral neuroblastoma represented independent tumors in two children with pathogenic germline mutations by genotyping somatic mutations shared between tumors and blood. Our results suggested that in both children, the lineages that had given rise to the tumors had segregated within the first cell divisions of the zygote, without being preceded by a common premalignant clone. In one patient, the tumors had parallel evolution, including distinct second hits in SMARCA4, a putative predisposition gene for neuroblastoma. These findings portray cases of bilateral neuroblastoma as having independent lesions mediated by a germline predisposition. (Funded by Children with Cancer UK and Wellcome.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tim H H Coorens
- From the Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton (T.H.H.C., T.J.M., S.L., S.B.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (S.J.F., T.J.M., S.B.) and the Departments of Surgery (T.J.M.) and Paediatrics (S.B.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.J., N.S., J.A.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust (N.J., N.S., J.A.), and the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust (M.H.), London - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Sarah J Farndon
- From the Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton (T.H.H.C., T.J.M., S.L., S.B.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (S.J.F., T.J.M., S.B.) and the Departments of Surgery (T.J.M.) and Paediatrics (S.B.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.J., N.S., J.A.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust (N.J., N.S., J.A.), and the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust (M.H.), London - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J Mitchell
- From the Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton (T.H.H.C., T.J.M., S.L., S.B.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (S.J.F., T.J.M., S.B.) and the Departments of Surgery (T.J.M.) and Paediatrics (S.B.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.J., N.S., J.A.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust (N.J., N.S., J.A.), and the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust (M.H.), London - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Neha Jain
- From the Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton (T.H.H.C., T.J.M., S.L., S.B.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (S.J.F., T.J.M., S.B.) and the Departments of Surgery (T.J.M.) and Paediatrics (S.B.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.J., N.S., J.A.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust (N.J., N.S., J.A.), and the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust (M.H.), London - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Sangjin Lee
- From the Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton (T.H.H.C., T.J.M., S.L., S.B.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (S.J.F., T.J.M., S.B.) and the Departments of Surgery (T.J.M.) and Paediatrics (S.B.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.J., N.S., J.A.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust (N.J., N.S., J.A.), and the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust (M.H.), London - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Michael Hubank
- From the Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton (T.H.H.C., T.J.M., S.L., S.B.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (S.J.F., T.J.M., S.B.) and the Departments of Surgery (T.J.M.) and Paediatrics (S.B.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.J., N.S., J.A.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust (N.J., N.S., J.A.), and the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust (M.H.), London - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Neil Sebire
- From the Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton (T.H.H.C., T.J.M., S.L., S.B.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (S.J.F., T.J.M., S.B.) and the Departments of Surgery (T.J.M.) and Paediatrics (S.B.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.J., N.S., J.A.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust (N.J., N.S., J.A.), and the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust (M.H.), London - all in the United Kingdom
| | - John Anderson
- From the Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton (T.H.H.C., T.J.M., S.L., S.B.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (S.J.F., T.J.M., S.B.) and the Departments of Surgery (T.J.M.) and Paediatrics (S.B.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.J., N.S., J.A.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust (N.J., N.S., J.A.), and the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust (M.H.), London - all in the United Kingdom
| | - Sam Behjati
- From the Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton (T.H.H.C., T.J.M., S.L., S.B.), Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (S.J.F., T.J.M., S.B.) and the Departments of Surgery (T.J.M.) and Paediatrics (S.B.), University of Cambridge, Cambridge, and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health (N.J., N.S., J.A.), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust (N.J., N.S., J.A.), and the Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust (M.H.), London - all in the United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cui Z, Kang H, Grandis JR, Johnson DE. CYLD Alterations in the Tumorigenesis and Progression of Human Papillomavirus-Associated Head and Neck Cancers. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 19:14-24. [PMID: 32883697 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Genetic alterations of CYLD lysine 63 deubiquitinase (CYLD), a tumor-suppressor gene encoding a deubiquitinase (DUB) enzyme, are associated with the formation of tumors in CYLD cutaneous syndrome. Genome sequencing efforts have revealed somatic CYLD alterations in multiple human cancers. Moreover, in cancers commonly associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (e.g., head and neck squamous cell carcinoma), CYLD alterations are preferentially observed in the HPV-positive versus HPV-negative form of the disease. The CYLD enzyme cleaves K63-linked polyubiquitin from substrate proteins, resulting in the disassembly of key protein complexes and the inactivation of growth-promoting signaling pathways, including pathways mediated by NF-κB, Wnt/β-catenin, and c-Jun N-terminal kinases. Loss-of-function CYLD alterations lead to aberrant activation of these signaling pathways, promoting tumorigenesis and malignant transformation. This review summarizes the association and potential role of CYLD somatic mutations in HPV-positive cancers, with particular emphasis on the role of these alterations in tumorigenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Potential therapeutic strategies for patients whose tumors harbor CYLD alterations are also discussed. IMPLICATIONS: Alterations in CYLD gene are associated with HPV-associated cancers, contribute to NF-κB activation, and are implicated in invasion and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Cui
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| | - Hyunseok Kang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jennifer R Grandis
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Daniel E Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Donehower LA, Soussi T, Korkut A, Liu Y, Schultz A, Cardenas M, Li X, Babur O, Hsu TK, Lichtarge O, Weinstein JN, Akbani R, Wheeler DA. Integrated Analysis of TP53 Gene and Pathway Alterations in The Cancer Genome Atlas. Cell Rep 2020; 28:1370-1384.e5. [PMID: 31365877 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 300] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The TP53 tumor suppressor gene is frequently mutated in human cancers. An analysis of five data platforms in 10,225 patient samples from 32 cancers reported by The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) enables comprehensive assessment of p53 pathway involvement in these cancers. More than 91% of TP53-mutant cancers exhibit second allele loss by mutation, chromosomal deletion, or copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity. TP53 mutations are associated with enhanced chromosomal instability, including increased amplification of oncogenes and deep deletion of tumor suppressor genes. Tumors with TP53 mutations differ from their non-mutated counterparts in RNA, miRNA, and protein expression patterns, with mutant TP53 tumors displaying enhanced expression of cell cycle progression genes and proteins. A mutant TP53 RNA expression signature shows significant correlation with reduced survival in 11 cancer types. Thus, TP53 mutation has profound effects on tumor cell genomic structure, expression, and clinical outlook.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence A Donehower
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Thierry Soussi
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC University Paris 06, 75005 Paris, France; Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska (CCK), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; INSERM, U1138, Équipe 11, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Anil Korkut
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of Science, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuexin Liu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of Science, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andre Schultz
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of Science, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Maria Cardenas
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xubin Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of Science, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ozgun Babur
- Computational Biology Program, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Teng-Kuei Hsu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Olivier Lichtarge
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Computational and Integrative Biomedical Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John N Weinstein
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of Science, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Rehan Akbani
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of Science, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David A Wheeler
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ringland C, Schweig JE, Paris D, Shackleton B, Lynch CE, Eisenbaum M, Mullan M, Crawford F, Abdullah L, Bachmeier C. Apolipoprotein E isoforms differentially regulate matrix metallopeptidase 9 function in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 95:56-68. [PMID: 32758917 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) has been shown to influence amyloid-β (Aβ) clearance from the brain in an isoform-specific manner. Our prior work showed that Aβ transit across the blood-brain-barrier was reduced by apoE4, compared to other apoE isoforms, due to elevated lipoprotein receptor shedding in brain endothelia. Recently, we demonstrated that matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) induces lipoprotein receptor proteolysis in an apoE isoform-dependent manner, which impacts Aβ elimination from the brain. The current studies interrogated the relationship between apoE and MMP-9 and found that apoE impacted proMMP-9 cellular secretion from brain endothelia (apoE2 < apoE3 = apoE4). In a cell-free assay, apoE dose-dependently reduced MMP-9 activity, with apoE4 showing a significantly weaker ability to inhibit MMP-9 function than apoE2 or apoE3. Finally, we observed elevated MMP-9 expression and activity in the cerebrovasculature of both human and animal AD brain specimens with an APOE4 genotype. Collectively, these findings suggest a role for apoE in regulating MMP-9 disposition and may describe the effect of apoE4 on Aβ pathology in the AD brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charis Ringland
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA; The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | - Maxwell Eisenbaum
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA; The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Michael Mullan
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA; The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Fiona Crawford
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA; The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Laila Abdullah
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA; The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Corbin Bachmeier
- The Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, FL, USA; The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK; Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liu C, Dillon J, Beavis AL, Liu Y, Lombardo K, Fader AN, Hung CF, Wu TC, Vang R, Garcia JE, Xing D. Prevalence of somatic and germline mutations of Fumarate hydratase in uterine leiomyomas from young patients. Histopathology 2020; 76:354-365. [PMID: 31564060 DOI: 10.1111/his.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) syndrome is caused by germline mutations in the Fumarate hydratase (FH) gene. In young women, the syndrome often presents with symptomatic uterine leiomyomas, leading to myomectomy or hysterectomy. In this study, we aimed to investigate the incidence and mutational profiles of FH-negative leiomyomas from young patients, thus allowing for early identification and triage of syndromic patients for surveillance. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated 153 cases of uterine leiomyomas from women aged up to 30 years for loss of FH expression by tissue microarray (TMA)-based immunohistochemical staining. Mutational analysis of tumours with loss of FH was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of 10 exons within the FH gene and subsequent Sanger sequencing. The status of promoter methylation was assessed by bisulphite sequencing. Loss of FH protein expression was detected in seven (4.6%) of 153 tested uterine leiomyomas from young patients. All FH-negative leiomyomas displayed staghorn vasculature and fibrillary/neurophil-like cytoplasm. We found that six (86%) of seven FH-negative tumours detected by immunohistochemistry harboured FH mutations, 50% of which contained germline mutations. In particular, the germline mutational rate in FH gene was 2.0% (three of 153 cases). Bisulphite sequencing analysis failed to detect promoter methylation in any of the seven tumours. CONCLUSION Our study showed a relatively high rate of FH germline mutation in FH-negative uterine leiomyomas from patients aged up to 30 years. While genetic mutations confer protein expression loss, epigenetic regulation of the FH gene appears to be unrelated to this phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengbao Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jessica Dillon
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna L Beavis
- The Kelly Gynecologic Oncology Service, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yuehua Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kara Lombardo
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amanda N Fader
- The Kelly Gynecologic Oncology Service, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tzyy-Choou Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Russell Vang
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jairo E Garcia
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Deyin Xing
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Scriba LD, Bornstein SR, Santambrogio A, Mueller G, Huebner A, Hauer J, Schedl A, Wielockx B, Eisenhofer G, Andoniadou CL, Steenblock C. Cancer Stem Cells in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:79. [PMID: 32158431 PMCID: PMC7051940 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pheochromocytoma (PCC) and paraganglioma (PGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumors associated with high cardiovascular morbidity and variable risk of malignancy. The current therapy of choice is surgical resection. Nevertheless, PCCs/PGLs are associated with a lifelong risk of tumor persistence or recurrence. A high rate of germline or somatic mutations in numerous genes has been found in these tumors. For some, the tumorigenic processes are initiated during embryogenesis. Such tumors carry gene mutations leading to pseudohypoxic phenotypes and show more immature characteristics than other chromaffin cell tumors; they are also often multifocal or metastatic and occur at an early age, often during childhood. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cells with an inherent ability of self-renewal, de-differentiation, and capacity to initiate and maintain malignant tumor growth. Targeting CSCs to inhibit cancer progression has become an attractive anti-cancer therapeutic strategy. Despite progress for this strategy for solid tumors such as neuroblastoma, brain, breast, and colon cancers, no substantial advance has been made employing similar strategies in PCCs/PGLs. In the current review, we discuss findings related to the identification of normal chromaffin stem cells and CSCs, pathways involved in regulating the development of CSCs, and the importance of the stem cell niche in development and maintenance of CSCs in PCCs/PGLs. Additionally, we examine the development and feasibility of novel CSC-targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at eradicating especially recurrent and metastatic tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura D. Scriba
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan R. Bornstein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alice Santambrogio
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gregor Mueller
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Angela Huebner
- Children's Hospital, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Hauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Ben Wielockx
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Graeme Eisenhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Cynthia L. Andoniadou
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Steenblock
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- *Correspondence: Charlotte Steenblock
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Fibronectin in Cancer: Friend or Foe. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010027. [PMID: 31861892 PMCID: PMC7016990 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of fibronectin (FN) in tumorigenesis and malignant progression has been highly controversial. Cancerous FN plays a tumor-suppressive role, whereas it is pro-metastatic and associated with poor prognosis. Interestingly, FN matrix deposited in the tumor microenvironments (TMEs) promotes tumor progression but is paradoxically related to a better prognosis. Here, we justify how FN impacts tumor transformation and subsequently metastatic progression. Next, we try to reconcile and rationalize the seemingly conflicting roles of FN in cancer and TMEs. Finally, we propose future perspectives for potential FN-based therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu J, Zhao W, Ou X, Zhao Z, Hu C, Sun M, Liu F, Deng J, Gu W, An J, Zhang Q, Zhang X, Xie J, Li S, Chen R, Yu S, Zhong N. Mutation spectrums of TSC1 and TSC2 in Chinese women with lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM). PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226400. [PMID: 31856217 PMCID: PMC6922431 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to elucidate the landscapes of genetic alterations of TSC1 and TSC2 as well as other possible non-TSC1/2 in Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) patients. Sixty-one Chinese LAM patients’ clinical information was collected. Tumor biopsies and matched leukocytes from these patients were retrospectively analyzed by next generation sequencing (NGS), chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Eighty-six TSC1/2 variants were identified in 46 of the 61 LAM patients (75.4%) in which TSC2 and TSC1 variants were 88.37% and 11.63% respectively. The 86 variants are composed of (i) 52 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) (including 30 novel variants), (ii) 23 indels (including 21deletions, and 2 insertions), (iii) a germline duplication of exon 31–42 of TSC2, (iv) a 2.68 Mb somatic duplication containing TSC2, and (v) 9 regions with copy-neutral loss of heterogeneity (CN-LOHs) present only in the LAM patients with single TSC1/2 mutations. Sixty-one non-TSC1/2 variants in 31 genes were identified in 37 LAM patients. Combined applications of different techniques are necessary to achieve maximal detection rate of TSC1/2 variants in LAM patients. Thirty novel TSC1/2 variants expands the spectrum of TSC1/2 in LAM patients. Identification of 61 non-TSC1/2 variants suggests that alternative genes might have contributed to the initiation and progression of LAM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiwei Zhao
- Guangzhou KingMed Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Clinical Genome Center, KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- KingMed College of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou KingMed Translational Medicine Institute Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohua Ou
- Clinical Genome Center, KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou KingMed Translational Medicine Institute Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Clinical Genome Center, KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou KingMed Translational Medicine Institute Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Changming Hu
- Clinical Genome Center, KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingming Sun
- Clinical Genome Center, KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou KingMed Translational Medicine Institute Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- Clinical Genome Center, KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou KingMed Translational Medicine Institute Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junhao Deng
- Clinical Genome Center, KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weili Gu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaying An
- Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingling Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaoxian Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiaxing Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shiyue Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rongchang Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shihui Yu
- Guangzhou KingMed Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Clinical Genome Center, KingMed Center for Clinical Laboratory Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- KingMed College of Laboratory Medicine, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou KingMed Translational Medicine Institute Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- KingMed JianShi Innovation Institute (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (SY); (NZ)
| | - Nanshan Zhong
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (SY); (NZ)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wong JYY, Zhang H, Hsiung CA, Shiraishi K, Yu K, Matsuo K, Wong MP, Hong YC, Wang J, Seow WJ, Wang Z, Song M, Kim HN, Chang IS, Chatterjee N, Hu W, Wu C, Mitsudomi T, Zheng W, Kim JH, Seow A, Caporaso NE, Shin MH, Chung LP, An SJ, Wang P, Yang Y, Zheng H, Yatabe Y, Zhang XC, Kim YT, Cai Q, Yin Z, Kim YC, Bassig BA, Chang J, Ho JCM, Ji BT, Daigo Y, Ito H, Momozawa Y, Ashikawa K, Kamatani Y, Honda T, Hosgood HD, Sakamoto H, Kunitoh H, Tsuta K, Watanabe SI, Kubo M, Miyagi Y, Nakayama H, Matsumoto S, Tsuboi M, Goto K, Shi J, Song L, Hua X, Takahashi A, Goto A, Minamiya Y, Shimizu K, Tanaka K, Wei F, Matsuda F, Su J, Kim YH, Oh IJ, Song F, Su WC, Chen YM, Chang GC, Chen KY, Huang MS, Chien LH, Xiang YB, Park JY, Kweon SS, Chen CJ, Lee KM, Blechter B, Li H, Gao YT, Qian B, Lu D, Liu J, Jeon HS, Hsiao CF, Sung JS, Tsai YH, Jung YJ, Guo H, Hu Z, Wang WC, Chung CC, Burdett L, Yeager M, Hutchinson A, Berndt SI, Wu W, Pang H, Li Y, Choi JE, Park KH, Sung SW, Liu L, Kang CH, Zhu M, Chen CH, Yang TY, Xu J, Guan P, Tan W, Wang CL, Hsin M, Sit KY, Ho J, Chen Y, Choi YY, Hung JY, Kim JS, Yoon HI, Lin CC, Park IK, Xu P, Wang Y, He Q, Perng RP, Chen CY, Vermeulen R, Wu J, Lim WY, Chen KC, Li YJ, Li J, Chen H, Yu CJ, Jin L, Chen TY, Jiang SS, Liu J, Yamaji T, Hicks B, Wyatt K, Li SA, Dai J, Ma H, Jin G, Song B, Wang Z, Cheng S, Li X, Ren Y, Cui P, Iwasaki M, Shimazu T, Tsugane S, Zhu J, Chen Y, Yang K, Jiang G, Fei K, Wu G, Lin HC, Chen HL, Fang YH, Tsai FY, Hsieh WS, Yu J, Stevens VL, Laird-Offringa IA, Marconett CN, Rieswijk L, Chao A, Yang PC, Shu XO, Wu T, Wu YL, Lin D, Chen K, Zhou B, Huang YC, Kohno T, Shen H, Chanock SJ, Rothman N, Lan Q. Tuberculosis infection and lung adenocarcinoma: Mendelian randomization and pathway analysis of genome-wide association study data from never-smoking Asian women. Genomics 2019; 112:1223-1232. [PMID: 31306748 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB) influences lung adenocarcinoma development among never-smokers using TB genome-wide association study (GWAS) results within the Female Lung Cancer Consortium in Asia. Pathway analysis with the adaptive rank truncated product method was used to assess the association between a TB-related gene-set and lung adenocarcinoma using GWAS data from 5512 lung adenocarcinoma cases and 6277 controls. The gene-set consisted of 31 genes containing known/suggestive associations with genetic variants from previous TB-GWAS. Subsequently, we followed-up with Mendelian Randomization to evaluate the association between TB and lung adenocarcinoma using three genome-wide significant variants from previous TB-GWAS in East Asians. The TB-related gene-set was associated with lung adenocarcinoma (p = 0.016). Additionally, the Mendelian Randomization showed an association between TB and lung adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.66, p = 0.027). Our findings support TB as a causal risk factor for lung cancer development among never-smoking Asian women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Y Y Wong
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Han Zhang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chao A Hsiung
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Kouya Shiraishi
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kai Yu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Maria Pik Wong
- Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yun-Chul Hong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiucun Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jie Seow
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhaoming Wang
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Gaithersburg, MD, USA; Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Minsun Song
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Statistics, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Nam Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - I-Shou Chang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Nilanjan Chatterjee
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wei Hu
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chen Wu
- Department of Etiology & Carcinogenesis and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tetsuya Mitsudomi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Kinki University School of Medicine, Sayama, Japan
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jin Hee Kim
- Department of Integrative Bioscience & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Adeline Seow
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Neil E Caporaso
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Min-Ho Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Lap Ping Chung
- Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - She-Juan An
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Medical Research Center and Cancer Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yasushi Yatabe
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Central Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Xu-Chao Zhang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Medical Research Center and Cancer Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Young Tae Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zhihua Yin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Young-Chul Kim
- Lung and Esophageal Cancer Clinic, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun-eup, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Bryan A Bassig
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jiang Chang
- Department of Etiology & Carcinogenesis and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - James Chung Man Ho
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Bu-Tian Ji
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yataro Daigo
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan; Center for Antibody and Vaccine Therapy, Research Hospital, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Cancer Information and Control, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Descriptive Cancer Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kyota Ashikawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Honda
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Dean Hosgood
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Hiromi Sakamoto
- Division of Genetics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Kunitoh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Tsuta
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Watanabe
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, RIKEN, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Nakayama
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kanagawa Cancer Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shingo Matsumoto
- Division of Translational Research, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center (EPOC), National Cancer Center, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Tsuboi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Koichi Goto
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Japan
| | - Jianxin Shi
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lei Song
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xing Hua
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan; Department of Genomic Medicine, Research Institute, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akiteru Goto
- Department of Cellular and Organ Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita City, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Minamiya
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Akita University, Akita City, Japan
| | - Kimihiro Shimizu
- Department of Integrative Center of General Surgery, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kazumi Tanaka
- Department of Integrative Center of General Surgery, Gunma University Hospital, Gunma, Japan
| | - Fusheng Wei
- China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, China
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jian Su
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Medical Research Center and Cancer Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yeul Hong Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology/Hematology, College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Jae Oh
- Lung and Esophageal Cancer Clinic, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun-eup, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Fengju Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wu-Chou Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Min Chen
- Department of Chest Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Gee-Chen Chang
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shyan Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsin Chien
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Bing Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes & Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jae Yong Park
- Lung Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Seog Kweon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Jeonnam Regional Cancer Center, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun-eup, Republic of Korea
| | - Chien-Jen Chen
- Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kyoung-Mu Lee
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Environmental Health, Korea National Open University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Batel Blechter
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Haixin Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Biyun Qian
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Daru Lu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Human Genetics, Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore; School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hyo-Sung Jeon
- Cancer Research Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Chin-Fu Hsiao
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Jae Sook Sung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology/Hematology, College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ying-Huang Tsai
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Yoo Jin Jung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Huan Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen-Chang Wang
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Charles C Chung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Laurie Burdett
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Meredith Yeager
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Amy Hutchinson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Sonja I Berndt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Herbert Pang
- School of BioMedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yuqing Li
- Cancer Prevention Institute of California, Fremont, CA, USA
| | - Jin Eun Choi
- Cancer Research Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Hwa Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology/Hematology, College of Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook Whan Sung
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - C H Kang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Meng Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chung-Hsing Chen
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ying Yang
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jun Xu
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing (LKS) Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peng Guan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen Tan
- Department of Etiology & Carcinogenesis and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chih-Liang Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Michael Hsin
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Ko-Yung Sit
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - James Ho
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yi Young Choi
- Cancer Research Center, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jen-Yu Hung
- Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Cancer Hospital, School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jun Suk Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Il Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Chien-Chung Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - In Kyu Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan Iron and Steel Corporation Staff Worker Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qincheng He
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | | | - Chih-Yi Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Junjie Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Kun-Chieh Chen
- Division of Chest Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Jen Li
- Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jihua Li
- Qujing Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Sanjiangdadao, Qujing, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong-Jen Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li Jin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tzu-Yu Chen
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Sheng Jiang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Belynda Hicks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen Wyatt
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Shengchao A Li
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA; Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Juncheng Dai
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongxia Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangfu Jin
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bao Song
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zhehai Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Sensen Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xuelian Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yangwu Ren
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Intervention, University of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Ping Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Motoki Iwasaki
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichi Shimazu
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junjie Zhu
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, China
| | - Kaiyun Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, China
| | | | - Ke Fei
- Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Wu
- China National Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing, China
| | - Hsien-Chin Lin
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ling Chen
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Huei Fang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Yu Tsai
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Shan Hsieh
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Victoria L Stevens
- Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Group, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ite A Laird-Offringa
- Department of Surgery, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Crystal N Marconett
- Department of Surgery, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda Rieswijk
- Environmental Health Sciences Division, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ann Chao
- Center for Global Health, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Ministry of Education Key Lab for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Y L Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Medical Research Center and Cancer Center of Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongxin Lin
- Department of Etiology & Carcinogenesis and State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Baosen Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yun-Chao Huang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, China
| | - Takashi Kohno
- Division of Genome Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hongbing Shen
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center For Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Stephen J Chanock
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nathaniel Rothman
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qing Lan
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Germini DE, Franco MIF, Fonseca FLA, de Sousa Gehrke F, da Costa Aguiar Alves Reis B, Cardili L, Oshima CTF, Theodoro TR, Waisberg J. Association of expression of inflammatory response genes and DNA repair genes in colorectal carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2019; 42:1010428319843042. [PMID: 30973070 DOI: 10.1177/1010428319843042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is an important etiological factor of colorectal carcinoma and may be related to colorectal carcinoma growth and proliferation. This study aimed to verify whether the presence of chronic inflammation represented by tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10 gene expression is related to hMLH1, hMSH2, hMSH6, and PMS2 gene expression and the corresponding protein levels of these genes from the DNA repair system. A total of 83 patients were operated on for curative or palliative colorectal carcinoma. Expression of the inflammatory response genes tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-2, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10 as well as expression of the hMLH1, hMSH2, hMSH6, and PMS2 genes of the DNA repair system (mismatch repair) and the expression levels of the corresponding mismatch repair proteins were measured in neoplastic tissue by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Associations were observed between hMSH6 mRNA expression and interleukin-2 mRNA expression (p = 0.026) as well as between hMLH1 and hMSH2 gene expression and tumor necrosis factor-α gene expression (p = 0.042). Higher tissue levels of interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor-α gene expression were associated with lower hMSH6, hMLH1, and hMSH2 gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Leonardo Cardili
- 4 Department of Pathology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jaques Waisberg
- 1 Department of Surgery, São Paulo State Civil Servant Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil.,6 Department of Surgery, ABC School of Medicine, Santo André, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
James E, Jenkins TG. Epigenetics, infertility, and cancer: future directions. Fertil Steril 2018; 109:27-32. [PMID: 29307396 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although direct correlates between cancer and infertile epigenetic profiles are rare, the general similarities between the two disease processes offer insights into the study of both abnormalities. Foremost among them is the nature of these pathologies, where one disease (cancer) is categorized by an inability to control or inhibit cellular proliferation, and the other (male infertility) is caused by an inability to maintain the normally efficient extreme proliferation of the male germ cell. Based on this similarity alone, the study of epigenetics in both male fertility and cancer has the potential to offer intriguing insights in both fields. The creative application of harmonious studies of both infertility and cancer is likely to yield useful and informative data that may aid in both the understanding and treatment of both pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma James
- Andrology and IVF Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Timothy G Jenkins
- Andrology and IVF Laboratories, Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Acheampong T, Yuan JM, Koh WP, Jin A, Odegaard A. Occupational exposure to endocrine disrupting substances and the risk of breast Cancer: the Singapore Chinese health study. BMC Public Health 2018; 18:929. [PMID: 30055614 PMCID: PMC6064056 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-018-5862-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence from basic research links exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) with a higher risk for breast cancer. However, there is less evidence from observational epidemiological research and the results are equivocal. Therefore, we examined the association between occupational exposure to substances where exposure to EDCs is likely and the risk of breast cancer. Methods A prospective study consisting of a population-based cohort of 33,458 Singaporean Chinese women aged 45–74 years enrolled in the Singapore Chinese Health Study (SCHS) from 1993 to 98 and followed through 2014. Subjects’ self-reported occupational exposure and duration to industries, job titles, and substance types were garnered at baseline, and cases of incident breast cancer (N = 988) were determined by linkage with the Singapore Cancer Registry. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated for exposure to substances, job titles, and industries. Results There was no association between cumulative exposure to substances via occupation where EDC exposure is likely and risk of breast cancer. These results were consistent for hypothesized high (HR 0.94, 95% CI: 0.66–1.35), medium (HR 1.03 95% CI: 0.77–1.38) and low (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.48–1.13) combined substance exposure groups when compared with those who were not exposed via occupation. Similar null associations were observed when examining job titles and industry categories. Conclusions There was no association between EDC related occupational exposures and breast cancer risk in working women of the Singaporean Chinese Health Study. Future studies that employ rigorous methods with regard to exposure assessment of EDCs are needed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5862-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teofilia Acheampong
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, 224 Irvine Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, United States.
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (Shadyside) Cancer Pavilion, 5150 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, United States
| | - Woon Puay Koh
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, 12 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Aizhen Jin
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Andrew Odegaard
- Department of Epidemiology, University of California Irvine, School of Medicine, 224 Irvine Hall, Irvine, CA, 92697, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Al-Moghrabi N, Al-Showimi M, Al-Yousef N, Al-Shahrani B, Karakas B, Alghofaili L, Almubarak H, Madkhali S, Al Humaidan H. Methylation of BRCA1 and MGMT genes in white blood cells are transmitted from mothers to daughters. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:99. [PMID: 30049288 PMCID: PMC6062990 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0529-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Constitutive methylation of tumor suppressor genes are associated with increased cancer risk. However, to date, the question of epimutational transmission of these genes remains unresolved. Here, we studied the potential transmission of BRCA1 and MGMT promoter methylations in mother-newborn pairs. Methods A total of 1014 female subjects (cancer-free women, n = 268; delivering women, n = 295; newborn females, n = 302; breast cancer patients, n = 67; ovarian cancer patients, n = 82) were screened for methylation status in white blood cells (WBC) using methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite pyrosequencing assays. In addition, BRCA1 gene expression levels were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Results We found similar methylation frequencies in newborn and adults for both BRCA1 (9.9 and 9.3%) and MGMT (12.3 and 13.1%). Of the 290 mother-newborn pairs analyzed for promoter methylation, 20 mothers were found to be positive for BRCA1 and 29 for MGMT. Four mother-newborn pairs were positive for methylated BRCA1 (20%) and nine pairs were positive for methylated MGMT (31%). Intriguingly, the delivering women had 26% lower BRCA1 and MGMT methylation frequencies than those of the cancer-free female subjects. BRCA1 was downregulated in both cancer-free woman carriers and breast cancer patients but not in newborn carriers. There was a statistically significant association between the MGMT promoter methylation and late-onset breast cancers. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that BRCA1and MGMT epimutations are present from the early life of the carriers. We show the transmission of BRCA1 and MGMT epimutations from mother to daughter. Our data also point at the possible demethylation of BRCA1and MGMT during pregnancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nisreen Al-Moghrabi
- Head of Cancer Epigenetic Section, Molecular Oncology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maram Al-Showimi
- Cancer Epigenetic section, Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nujoud Al-Yousef
- Head of Cancer Epigenetic Section, Molecular Oncology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bushra Al-Shahrani
- Cancer Epigenetic section, Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bedri Karakas
- Head of Cancer Epigenetic Section, Molecular Oncology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lamyaa Alghofaili
- Al Faisal University College of Medicine, PO BOX 50927, Riyadh, 11533, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hannah Almubarak
- Head of Cancer Epigenetic Section, Molecular Oncology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Safia Madkhali
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, PO BOX 22490, Riyadh, 3130, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hind Al Humaidan
- Department of pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO BOX 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Introduction Hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) is a rare congenital pediatric disorder characterized by osteochondromas forming next to the growth plates in young patients. The osteochondromas cause multiple health problems that include skeletal deformities and chronic pain. Surgery is used to remove the most symptomatic osteochondromas but because of their large number, many are left in place, causing life-long problems and increasing the probability of malignant transformation. There is no other treatment to prevent or reduce osteochondromas formation at present. Areas covered Recent studies reviewable through PubMed are providing new insights into cellular and molecular mechanisms of osteochondroma development. The resulting data are suggesting rational and plausible new therapeutic strategies for osteochondroma prevention some of which are being tested in HME animal models and one of which is part of a just announced clinical trial. Expert Commentary This section summarizes and evaluates such strategies and points also to possible future alternatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Pacifici
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Mundy C, Yang E, Takano H, Billings PC, Pacifici M. Heparan sulfate antagonism alters bone morphogenetic protein signaling and receptor dynamics, suggesting a mechanism in hereditary multiple exostoses. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:7703-7716. [PMID: 29622677 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) is a pediatric disorder caused by heparan sulfate (HS) deficiency and is characterized by growth plate-associated osteochondromas. Previously, we found that osteochondroma formation in mouse models is preceded by ectopic bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in the perichondrium, but the mechanistic relationships between BMP signaling and HS deficiency remain unclear. Therefore, we used an HS antagonist (surfen) to investigate the effects of this HS interference on BMP signaling, ligand availability, cell-surface BMP receptor (BMPR) dynamics, and BMPR interactions in Ad-293 and C3H/10T1/2 cells. As observed previously, the HS interference rapidly increased phosphorylated SMAD family member 1/5/8 levels. FACS analysis and immunoblots revealed that the cells possessed appreciable levels of endogenous cell-surface BMP2/4 that were unaffected by the HS antagonist, suggesting that BMP2/4 proteins remained surface-bound but became engaged in BMPR interactions and SMAD signaling. Indeed, surface mobility of SNAP-tagged BMPRII, measured by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), was modulated during the drug treatment. This suggested that the receptors had transitioned to lipid rafts acting as signaling centers, confirmed for BMPRII via ultracentrifugation to separate membrane subdomains. In situ proximity ligation assays disclosed that the HS interference rapidly stimulates BMPRI-BMPRII interactions, measured by oligonucleotide-driven amplification signals. Our in vitro studies reveal that cell-associated HS controls BMP ligand availability and BMPR dynamics, interactions, and signaling, and largely restrains these processes. We propose that HS deficiency in HME may lead to extensive local BMP signaling and altered BMPR dynamics, triggering excessive cellular responses and osteochondroma formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Mundy
- From the Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, and
| | - Evan Yang
- From the Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, and
| | - Hajime Takano
- the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Paul C Billings
- From the Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, and
| | - Maurizio Pacifici
- From the Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, and
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
A large number of chemicals and several physical agents, such as UV light and γ-radiation, have been associated with the etiology of human cancer. Generation of DNA damage (also known as DNA adducts or lesions) induced by these agents is an important first step in the process of carcinogenesis. Evolutionary processes gave rise to DNA repair tools that are efficient in repairing damaged DNA; yet replication of damaged DNA may take place prior to repair, particularly when they are induced at a high frequency. Damaged DNA replication may lead to gene mutations, which in turn may give rise to altered proteins. Mutations in an oncogene, a tumor-suppressor gene, or a gene that controls the cell cycle can generate a clonal cell population with a distinct advantage in proliferation. Many such events, broadly divided into the stages of initiation, promotion, and progression, which may occur over a long period of time and transpire in the context of chronic exposure to carcinogens, can lead to the induction of human cancer. This is exemplified in the long-term use of tobacco being responsible for an increased risk of lung cancer. This mini-review attempts to summarize this wide area that centers on DNA damage as it relates to the development of human cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashis K Basu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269-3060, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Geng X, Wang F, Zhang L, Zhang WM. Loss of Heterozygosity Combined with Promoter Hypermethylation, the Main Mechanism of Human MutL Homolog (hMLH1) Gene Inactivation in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in a Chinese Population. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 95:488-94. [DOI: 10.1177/030089160909500414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aims and background The mechanism of human MutL Homolog (hMLH1) gene transcriptional inactivation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still unclear. The aim of this study is to further investigate the main mechanism of hMLH1 gene inactivation in NSCLC samples of Chinese patients. Methods and study design This study was performed in surgically resected primary tumor and matched normal tissues from 116 NSCLC cases. The hMLH1 gene alterations examined included loss of heterozygosity (LOH) by D3S1612 locus PCR-electrophoresis-silver staining and promoter methylation by HpaII/ MspI-based PCR analysis. Loss of hMLH1 mRNA expression was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and loss of hMLH1 protein expression was studied by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. Results The frequencies of LOH and promoter hypermethylation of the hMLH1 gene were 68.1% (79/116) and 72.4% (84/116), respectively. Among the 79 hMLH1 LOH (+) cases, 68 (86.1%) showed hypermethylation, which was significantly higher than in the LOH (–) group. The frequencies of loss of hMLH1 mRNA expression and protein expression in NSCLC were 79.3% (92/116) and 76.7% (89/116), respectively. The frequency of 2-hit inactivation of hMLH1, 75.3% (67/89), by LOH combined with promoter hypermethylation was related to the loss of protein expression. Conclusions Biallelic inactivation of the hMLH1 gene by LOH combined with promoter hypermethylation is likely to cause inactivation of hMLH1 protein and to play an important role in the development of NSCLC in the Chinese population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Geng
- Department of Biochemistry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Ming Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Any therapy that aims at eradicating a cancerous growth will have at its core a cell death-inducing component. Here we argue that paediatric oncology presents with its unique set of considerations and problems, which—while taking the lead from oncological research experiences obtained from the adult population—need to be clinically evaluated independently. This is particularly true when considering long-term side effects. Precision medicine offers a promising new approach in therapy, but given as a monotherapy and in a limited combination, as found in an apoptosis inducer/sensitiser combination, it will most likely lead to mutation escape of the target cell population and the emergence of resistance. However, using the increasing amount of the molecular data as the basis for a complex combination therapy combining several key components such as cell death-inducing agents, kinase inhibitors and BH3 mimetics, holds great promise.
Collapse
|
39
|
Pacifici M. The pathogenic roles of heparan sulfate deficiency in hereditary multiple exostoses. Matrix Biol 2017; 71-72:28-39. [PMID: 29277722 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is an essential component of cell surface and matrix proteoglycans (HS-PGs) that include syndecans and perlecan. Because of their unique structural features, the HS chains are able to specifically interact with signaling proteins -including bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs)- via their HS-binding domain, regulating protein availability, distribution and action on target cells. Hereditary Multiple Exostoses (HME) is a rare pediatric disorder linked to germline heterozygous loss-of-function mutations in EXT1 or EXT2 that encode Golgi-resident glycosyltransferases responsible for HS synthesis, resulting in a systemic HS deficiency. HME is characterized by cartilaginous/bony tumors -called osteochondromas or exostoses- that form within perichondrium in long bones, ribs and other elements. This review examines most recent studies in HME, framing them in the context of classic studies. New findings show that the spectrum of EXT mutations is larger than previously realized and the clinical complications of HME extend beyond the skeleton. Osteochondroma development requires a somatic "second hit" that would complement the germline EXT mutation to further decrease HS production and/levels at perichondrial sites of osteochondroma induction. Cellular studies have shown that the steep decreases in local HS levels: derange the normal homeostatic signaling pathways keeping perichondrium mesenchymal; cause excessive BMP signaling; and provoke ectopic chondrogenesis and osteochondroma formation. Data from HME mouse models have revealed that systemic treatment with a BMP signaling antagonist markedly reduces osteochondroma formation. In sum, recent studies have provided major new insights into the molecular and cellular pathogenesis of HME and the roles played by HS deficiency. These new insights have led to the first ever proof-of-principle demonstration that osteochondroma formation is a druggable process, paving the way toward the creation of a clinically-relevant treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Pacifici
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mancini M, Soverini S, Gugliotta G, Santucci MA, Rosti G, Cavo M, Martinelli G, Castagnetti F. Chibby 1: a new component of β-catenin-signaling in chronic myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:88244-88250. [PMID: 29152155 PMCID: PMC5675707 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chibby 1 (CBY1) is a small and evolutionarily conserved protein, which act as β-catenin antagonist. CBY1 is encoded by C22orf2 (22q13.1) Its antagonistic function on β-catenin involves the direct interaction with: The C-terminal activation domain of β-catenin, which hinders β-catenin binding with Tcf/Lef transcription factors hence repressing β-catenin transcriptional activation. 14-3-3 scaffolding proteins (σ or ξ), which drive CBY1 nuclear export into a stable tripartite complex with β-catenin. The relative proximity of C22orf2 gene encoding for CBY1 to the BCR breakpoint on chromosome 22q11, whose translocation and rearrangement with the c-ABL is the causative event of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), suggested that gene haploinsufficiency may play a role in the disease pathogenesis and progression. We found CBY1 down-modulation associated with the BCR-ABL1, promoted by transcriptional mechanisms (promoter hyper-methylation) and post-transcriptional events, addressing the protein towards proteasome-dependent degradation through SUMOylation. CBY1 reduced expression in clonal progenitors and, more importantly, in leukemic stem cells (LSC), is contingent upon the tyrosine kinase (TK) activity of BCR-ABL1 fusion protein. Accordingly, its induction by Imatinib (IM) and second generation TK inhibitors contributes to β-catenin inactivation through multiple events encompassing the activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy, eventually leading to apoptotic death. These findings support the advantage of combined regimens including drugs targeting DNA epigenetics and/or proteasome to eradicate the BCR-ABL1+ hematopoiesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Mancini
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES-Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna Medical School, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simona Soverini
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES-Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna Medical School, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriele Gugliotta
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES-Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna Medical School, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Alessandra Santucci
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES-Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna Medical School, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianantonio Rosti
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES-Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna Medical School, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Cavo
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES-Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna Medical School, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES-Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna Medical School, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fausto Castagnetti
- Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, DIMES-Institute of Hematology "L. and A. Seràgnoli", University of Bologna Medical School, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chan SH, Ngeow J. Germline mutation contribution to chromosomal instability. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:T33-T46. [PMID: 28808044 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Genomic instability is a feature of cancer that fuels oncogenesis through increased frequency of genetic disruption, leading to loss of genomic integrity and promoting clonal evolution as well as tumor transformation. A form of genomic instability prevalent across cancer types is chromosomal instability, which involves karyotypic changes including chromosome copy number alterations as well as gross structural abnormalities such as transversions and translocations. Defects in cellular mechanisms that are in place to govern fidelity of chromosomal segregation, DNA repair and ultimately genomic integrity are known to contribute to chromosomal instability. In this review, we discuss the association of germline mutations in these pathways with chromosomal instability in the background of related cancer predisposition syndromes. We will also reflect on the impact of genetic predisposition to clinical management of patients and how we can exploit this vulnerability to promote catastrophic genomic instability as a therapeutic strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sock Hoai Chan
- Division of Medical OncologyCancer Genetics Service, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joanne Ngeow
- Division of Medical OncologyCancer Genetics Service, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore
- Oncology Academic Clinical ProgramDuke-NUS Medical School Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kaiwar C, Macklin SK, Gass JM, Jackson J, Klee EW, Hines SL, Stauffer JA, Atwal PS. Late onset asymptomatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor - A case report on the phenotypic expansion for MEN1. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2017; 15:10. [PMID: 28736585 PMCID: PMC5521080 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-017-0070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a hereditary cancer syndrome associated with several endocrine as well as non-endocrine tumors and is caused by mutations in the MEN1 gene. Primary hyperparathyroidism affects the majority of MEN1 individuals by age 50 years. Additionally, MEN1 mutations trigger familial isolated hyperparathyroidism. We describe a seemingly unaffected 76-year-old female who presented to our Genetics Clinic with a family history of primary hyperparathyroidism and the identification of a pathogenic MEN1 variant. Case Presentation The patient was a 76 year-old woman who appeared to be unaffected. She had a family history of a known MEN1 pathogenic variant. Molecular testing for the known MEN1 mutation c.1A > G, as well as, biochemical testing, MRI of the brain and abdomen were all performed using standard methods. Molecular testing revealed our patient possessed the MEN1 pathogenic variant previously identified in her two offspring. Physical exam revealed red facial papules with onset in her seventies, involving her cheeks, nose and upper lip. Formerly, she was diagnosed with rosacea by a dermatologist and noted no improvement with treatment. Clinically, these lesions appeared to be facial angiofibromas. Brain MRI was normal. However, an MRI of her abdomen revealed a 1.5 cm lesion at the tail of the pancreas with normal adrenal glands. Glucagon was mildly elevated and pancreatic polypeptide was nearly seven times the upper limit of the normal range. The patient underwent spleen sparing distal pancreatectomy and subsequent pathology was consistent with a well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET). Conclusions Age-related penetrance and variable expressivity are well documented in families with MEN1. It is thought that nearly all individuals with MEN1 manifest disease by age 40. We present a case of late-onset MEN1 in the absence of the most common feature, primary hyperparathyroidism, but with the presence of a pNET and cutaneous findings. This family expands the phenotype associated with the c.1A > G pathogenic variant and highlights the importance of providing comprehensive assessment of MEN1 mutation carriers in families that at first blush may appear to have isolated hyperparathyroidism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charu Kaiwar
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259 USA
| | - Sarah K Macklin
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Jennifer M Gass
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Jessica Jackson
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Eric W Klee
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Division of Biomedical Statistic and Informatics, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.,Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.,Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Stephanie L Hines
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - John A Stauffer
- Department of General Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Paldeep S Atwal
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Faraji J, Soltanpour N, Lotfi H, Moeeini R, Moharreri AR, Roudaki S, Hosseini SA, Olson DM, Abdollahi AA, Soltanpour N, Mohajerani MH, Metz GAS. Lack of Social Support Raises Stress Vulnerability in Rats with a History of Ancestral Stress. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5277. [PMID: 28706188 PMCID: PMC5509705 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05440-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is a primary risk factor for psychiatric disorders. However, it is not fully understood why some stressed individuals are more vulnerable to psychiatric disorders than others. Here, we investigated whether multigenerational ancestral stress produces phenotypes that are sensitive to depression-like symptoms in rats. We also examined whether social isolation reveals potentially latent sensitivity to depression-like behaviours. F4 female rats born to a lineage of stressed mothers (F0-F3) received stress in adulthood while housed in pairs or alone. Social isolation during stress induced cognitive and psychomotor retardation only in rats exposed to ancestral stress. Social isolation also hampered the resilience of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to chronic stress and reduced hippocampal volume and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression. Thus, synergy between social isolation and stress may unmask a latent history of ancestral stress, and raises vulnerability to mental health conditions. The findings support the notion that social support critically promotes stress coping and resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Faraji
- Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Gorgan, I. R. of Iran.
- University of Lethbridge, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Lethbridge, Canada.
| | - Nabiollah Soltanpour
- Babol University of Medical Sciences, Department of Anatomical Sciences, Babol, I. R. of Iran
| | - Hamid Lotfi
- Islamic Azad University, Department of Psychology, Tonekabon Branch, Tonekabon, I. R. of Iran
| | - Reza Moeeini
- Avicenna Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Behavioural Studies, Yazd, I. R. of Iran
| | - Ali-Reza Moharreri
- Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Anatomy, Gorgan, I. R. of Iran
| | - Shabnam Roudaki
- Avicenna Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Behavioural Studies, Yazd, I. R. of Iran
| | - S Abedin Hosseini
- Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Gorgan, I. R. of Iran
| | - David M Olson
- University of Alberta, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Ali-Akbar Abdollahi
- Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Nursing & Midwifery, Gorgan, I. R. of Iran
| | - Nasrin Soltanpour
- University of Lethbridge, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Majid H Mohajerani
- University of Lethbridge, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Lethbridge, Canada
| | - Gerlinde A S Metz
- University of Lethbridge, Canadian Centre for Behavioural Neuroscience, Lethbridge, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Pacifici M. Hereditary Multiple Exostoses: New Insights into Pathogenesis, Clinical Complications, and Potential Treatments. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2017; 15:142-152. [PMID: 28466453 PMCID: PMC5510481 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-017-0355-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hereditary multiple exostoses (HME) is a complex musculoskeletal pediatric disorder characterized by osteochondromas that form next to the growth plates of many skeletal elements, including long bones, ribs, and vertebrae. Due to its intricacies and unresolved issues, HME continues to pose major challenges to both clinicians and biomedical researchers. The purpose of this review is to describe and analyze recent advances in this field and point to possible targets and strategies for future biologically based therapeutic intervention. RECENT FINDINGS Most HME cases are linked to loss-of-function mutations in EXT1 or EXT2 that encode glycosyltransferases responsible for heparan sulfate (HS) synthesis, leading to HS deficiency. Recent genomic inquiries have extended those findings but have yet to provide a definitive genotype-phenotype correlation. Clinical studies emphasize that in addition to the well-known skeletal problems caused by osteochondromas, HME patients can experience, and suffer from, other symptoms and health complications such as chronic pain and nerve impingement. Laboratory work has produced novel insights into alterations in cellular and molecular mechanisms instigated by HS deficiency and subtending onset and growth of osteochondroma and how such changes could be targeted toward therapeutic ends. HME is a rare and orphan disease and, as such, is being studied only by a handful of clinical and basic investigators. Despite this limitation, significant advances have been made in the last few years, and the future bodes well for deciphering more thoroughly its pathogenesis and, in turn, identifying the most effective treatment for osteochondroma prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Pacifici
- Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, Abramson Research Center, 902D, Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Capraru O, Decaussin-Petrucci M, Joly M, Borda A, Fanfaret I, Borson-Chazot F, Selmi-Ruby S. EXPRESSION OF MENIN IN THE HUMAN THYROID GLAND. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2017; 13:154-160. [PMID: 31149167 PMCID: PMC6516441 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2017.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The expression of menin in the thyroid gland has long been debated. Animal models with targeted inactivation of menin in the thyroid gland have shown that its inactivation might play a role in the progression to a more aggressive type of cancer. Human studies are conflicting, some have identified mutations in the MEN1 gene in a sub-type of oncocytic thyroid carcinomas, while others have not identified a higher prevalence of thyroid cancer in MEN1 patients. OBJECTIVE To analyze the immunohistochemical expression of menin in different types of thyroid carcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS 48 thyroid tumours (12 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC), 6 anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATC), 12 poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas (PDTC), 5 medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTC), 5 oncocytic follicular carcinomas (OC), 3 oncocytic adenomas (OA) and 5 goiters (G)) were tested for nuclear expression of menin using an anti-menin antibody. The expression was considered positive, negative or decreased. RESULTS The expression of menin was positive, identical to normal tissue, in 39 cases (81.25%). The expression was decreased (n=8) or absent (n=1) in 9 tumours (18.75% - 2 PTC, 5 PDTC, 2 OC) accounting for 42% (5/12) of the PDTC and 40% (2/5) of the OC. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the expression of menin is generally preserved in human thyroid carcinomas, but it can be decreased or absent in certain types of thyroid cancer. Further molecular studies are needed to evaluate to potential of menin protein in tumorigenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O.M. Capraru
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Targu Mures, Dept. of Physiology, Targu Mures, Romania
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - INSERM Unité 1052, Centre de recherche en cancérologie, Lyon, France
| | - M. Decaussin-Petrucci
- Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud, Pierre-Bénite, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Lyon 1 - Service d’Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Lyon, France
| | - M.O. Joly
- Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Lyon 1 - Service d’Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologiques, Lyon, France
| | - A. Borda
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Targu Mures, Dept. of Histology, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - I.S. Fanfaret
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Targu Mures, Dept. of Histology, Targu Mures, Romania
| | - F. Borson-Chazot
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - INSERM Unité 1052, Centre de recherche en cancérologie, Lyon, France
- Groupement hospitalier Est, Bron, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Lyon 1 - Fédération d’endocrinologie, Lyon, France
| | - S. Selmi-Ruby
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 - INSERM Unité 1052, Centre de recherche en cancérologie, Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Ni H, Zhou Z, Jiang B, Yuan X, Cao X, Huang G, Li Y. Inactivation of parkin by promoter methylation correlated with lymph node metastasis and genomic instability in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317695025. [PMID: 28351314 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317695025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the inactivation of the parkin gene by promoter methylation and its relationship with genome instability in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Parkin was considered as a tumor suppressor gene in various types of cancers. However, its role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma is unexplored. Genomic instabilities were detected in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues by the random amplified polymorphic DNA. The methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemical analysis were used to detect methylation and mRNA and protein expression of parkin in 54 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues and 16 cases of normal nasopharyngeal epithelia tissues, and in 5 nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines (CNE1, CNE2, TWO3, C666, and HONE1) and 1 normal nasopharyngeal epithelia cell line (NP69). mRNA expression of parkin in CNE1 and CNE2 was analyzed before and after methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine treatment. The relationship between promoter methylation and mRNA expression, demethylation and mRNA expression, and mRNA and protein expression of the gene and clinical factors and genomic instabilities were analyzed. The mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly reduced in 54 cases of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma compared with 16 cases of normal nasopharyngeal epithelia. Parkin-methylated cases showed significantly lower mRNA and protein expression levels compared with unmethylated cases. After 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine treatment, parkin mRNA expression was restored in CNE1 and CNE2; 92.59% (50/54) of nasopharyngeal carcinoma demonstrated genomic instability. Parkin is frequently inactivated by promoter methylation, and its mRNA and protein expression correlate with lymph node metastasis and genomic instability. Parkin deficiency probably promotes tumorigenesis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Ni
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyang Yuan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Cao
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guangwu Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Nallamilli BRR, Hegde M. Detecting APC Gene Mutations in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 92:10.8.1-10.8.16. [PMID: 28075483 DOI: 10.1002/cphg.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Hereditary forms of colorectal cancer (CRC) account for up to 5% of total cases. Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant condition affecting nearly 1 in 5000 people and accounts for only about 1% of all CRCs. It is characterized by the progressive development of hundreds to thousands of adenomatous colon polyps. The gene associated with FAP (APC) contains 15 coding exons. The mutation spectrum of the APC gene is broad in that 87% of causative mutations are point mutations (including other sequence variants) and around 10% to 15% are intragenic deletions and duplications. The strategy for molecular diagnostic testing for FAP involves initial full sequence analysis of APC for sequence variants followed by screening for deletion/duplications using microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) or Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA). Recently, next generation sequencing (NGS)-based targeted gene analysis has become clinically available for detection of point mutations and other sequence variants. This unit discusses detailed protocols for an NGS-based sequencing assay, PCR-based Sanger sequencing, and array CGH. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Madhuri Hegde
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Berger MH, Kerr DA, Rangel Filho AE, Sargi ZB. Case of parotid mucoepidermoid carcinoma: Expanding the spectrum of von Hippel‐Lindau–related neoplasms. Head Neck 2016; 39:E51-E54. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.24665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael H. Berger
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiami Florida
| | - Darcy A. Kerr
- Department on PathologyUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiami Florida
| | | | - Zoukaa B. Sargi
- Department of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiami Florida
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Jacobson S, Tedder M, Eggert J. Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Genetic Overview and Application to Clinical Practice. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2016; 20:E147-E154. [DOI: 10.1188/16.cjon.e147-e154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
50
|
Lam HC, Nijmeh J, Henske EP. New developments in the genetics and pathogenesis of tumours in tuberous sclerosis complex. J Pathol 2016; 241:219-225. [PMID: 27753446 DOI: 10.1002/path.4827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In just the past 5 years, dramatic changes have occurred in the clinical management of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Detailed knowledge about the role of the TSC proteins in regulating the activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) underlies this paradigm-shifting progress. Advances continue to be made in understanding the genetic pathogenesis of the different tumours that occur in TSC, including pivotal discoveries using next-generation sequencing (NGS). For example, the pathogenesis of angiofibromas is now known to involve UV-induced mutations, and the pathogenesis of multifocal renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in TSC is now known to result from distinct second-hit mutations. In parallel, the pathological features of TSC-associated tumours, including TSC-associated renal cell carcinoma, continue to be defined, despite the fact that TSC was first described 180 years ago. Here, we review recent discoveries related to the pathological features and genetic pathogenesis of TSC-associated tumours. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilaire C Lam
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie Nijmeh
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Henske
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|