1
|
Distrutti E, Sediari L, Mencarelli A, Renga B, Orlandi S, Russo G, Caliendo G, Santagada V, Cirino G, Wallace JL, Fiorucci S. 5-Amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-(5-thioxo-5H-[1,2]dithiol-3yl)-phenyl ester (ATB-429), a hydrogen sulfide-releasing derivative of mesalamine, exerts antinociceptive effects in a model of postinflammatory hypersensitivity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 319:447-58. [PMID: 16855178 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.106435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
H(2)S functions as a neuromodulator and exerts anti-inflammatory activities. Recent data indicate that irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is linked to inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we have investigated the role of a novel H(2)S-releasing derivative of mesalamine (5-amino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid 4-(5-thioxo-5H-[1,2]dithiol-3yl)-phenyl ester, ATB-429) in modulating nociception to colorectal distension (CRD), a model that mimics some features of IBS, in healthy and postcolitic rats. Four graded (0.4-1.6 ml of water) CRDs were produced in conscious rats, and colorectal sensitivity and pain were assessed by measuring the abdominal withdrawal response and spinal c-Fos expression. In healthy rats, ATB-429 dose dependently (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg) attenuated CRD-induced hypersensitivity and significantly inhibited CRD-induced overexpression of spinal c-FOS mRNA, whereas mesalamine had no effect. ATB-429-induced antinociception was reversed by glibenclamide, a ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channel inhibitor. The antinociceptive effect of ATB-429 was maintained in a rodent model of postinflammatory hypersensitivity (4 weeks after colitis induction). At a dose of 100 mg/kg, ATB-429 reversed the allodynic response caused by CRD in postcolitic rats. Colonic cyclooxygenase-2 and interkeukin-1beta mRNA and spinal c-FOS mRNA expression were significantly down-regulated by ATB-429, but not by mesalamine. ATB-429, but not mesalamine, increased blood concentrations of H(2)S in both healthy and postcolitic rats. Taken together, these data suggest that ATB-429 inhibits hypersensitivity induced by CRD in both healthy and postcolitic, allodynic rats by a K(ATP) channel-mediated mechanism. This study provides evidence that H(2)S-releasing drugs might have beneficial effects in the treatment of painful intestinal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Distrutti
- Clinica di Gastroenterologia, Policlinico Monteluce, University of Perugia, Via Enrico Dal Pozzo, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Choi S, Park DY, Yeum CH, Chang IY, You HJ, Park CG, Kim MY, Kong ID, So I, Kim KW, Jun JY. Bradykinin modulates pacemaker currents through bradykinin B2 receptors in cultured interstitial cells of Cajal from the murine small intestine. Br J Pharmacol 2006; 148:918-26. [PMID: 16783409 PMCID: PMC1751925 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied the modulation of pacemaker activities by bradykinin in cultured interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) from murine small intestine with the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Externally applied bradykinin produced membrane depolarization in the current-clamp mode and increased tonic inward pacemaker currents in the voltage-clamp mode. Pretreatment with bradykinin B1 antagonist did not block the bradykinin-induced effects on pacemaker currents. However, pretreatment with bradykinin B2 antagonist selectively blocked the bradykinin-induced effects. Also, only externally applied selective bradykinin B2 receptor agonist produced tonic inward pacemaker currents and ICC revealed a colocalization of the bradykinin B2 receptor and c-kit immunoreactivities, but bradykinin B1 receptors did not localize in ICC. External Na(+)-free solution abolished the generation of pacemaker currents and inhibited the bradykinin-induced tonic inward current. However, a Cl(-) channel blocker (DIDS) did not block the bradykinin-induced tonic inward current. The pretreatment with Ca(2+)-free solution and thapsigargin, a Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor in endoplasmic reticulum, abolished the generation of pacemaker currents and suppressed the bradykinin-induced action. Chelerythrine and calphostin C, protein kinase C inhibitors or naproxen, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, did not block the bradykinin-induced effects on pacemaker currents. These results suggest that bradykinin modulates the pacemaker activities through bradykinin B2 receptor activation in ICC by external Ca(2+) influx and internal Ca(2+) release via protein kinase C- or cyclooxygenase-independent mechanism. Therefore, the ICC are targets for bradykinin and their interaction can affect intestinal motility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seok Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-Dong, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - Do Young Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-Dong, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - Cheol Ho Yeum
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-Dong, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - In Youb Chang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-Dong, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - Ho Jin You
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-Dong, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - Chan Guk Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-Dong, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - Man Yoo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-Dong, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
| | - In Deok Kong
- Department Physiology, Wonju College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Wonju 220-701, Korea
| | - Insuk So
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Ki Whan Kim
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799, Korea
| | - Jae Yeoul Jun
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, 375 Seosuk-Dong, Dong-ku, Gwangju 501-759, Korea
- Author for correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Randich A, Uzzell T, Cannon R, Ness TJ. Inflammation and enhanced nociceptive responses to bladder distension produced by intravesical zymosan in the rat. BMC Urol 2006; 6:2. [PMID: 16469099 PMCID: PMC1395324 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2490-6-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2005] [Accepted: 02/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mycotic infections of the bladder produce pain and inflammatory changes. The present study examined the inflammatory and nociceptive effects of the yeast cell wall component, zymosan, when admininstered into the urinary bladder in order to characterize this form of bladder sensitization. Methods Parametric analyses of the time-course (0–48 hr) and concentration (0–2% solutions) variables associated with intravesical zymosan-induced bladder inflammation were performed in female rats. Plasma extravasation of Evan's Blue dye was used as a measure of tissue inflammation. Cardiovascular and visceromotor responses to urinary bladder distension were used as measures of nociception. Results Zymosan-induced bladder inflammation, as indexed by plasma extravasation of Evan's Blue, was significantly greater in rats treated with either 1 or 2% solutions as compared to either 0.1 or 0.5% zymosan solutions. In time-course studies (1 – 48 hr post-treatment), 1% zymosan-induced inflammation progressively increased with time following administration, was greatest at 24 hr and began to normalize by 48 hr. In the studies of inflammation-induced changes in nociception, arterial blood pressure (ABP) and visceromotor responses to graded distension of the urinary bladder were significantly increased relative to controls 24 hr after zymosan administration. Conclusion These studies provide important time-course and solution concentration parameters for studies of zymosan-induced inflammation of the bladder and suggest utility of this model for the study of bladder-related pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Randich
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Al, 35294, USA
| | - Tyler Uzzell
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Al, 35294, USA
| | - Ronda Cannon
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Al, 35294, USA
| | - Timothy J Ness
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Al, 35294, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Distrutti E, Sediari L, Mencarelli A, Renga B, Orlandi S, Antonelli E, Roviezzo F, Morelli A, Cirino G, Wallace JL, Fiorucci S. Evidence that hydrogen sulfide exerts antinociceptive effects in the gastrointestinal tract by activating KATP channels. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2005; 316:325-35. [PMID: 16192316 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.105.091595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) functions as a neuromodulator, but whether it modulates visceral perception and pain is unknown. Cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CSE) mediate enzymatic generation of H(2)S in mammalian cells. Here we have investigated the role of H(2)S in modulating nociception to colorectal distension, a model that mimics some features of the irritable bowel syndrome. Four graded (0.4-1.6 ml of water) colorectal distensions (CRDs) were produced in conscious rats (healthy and postcolitic), and rectal nociception was assessed by measuring the behavioral response during CRD. Healthy rats were administered with sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS) (as a source of H(2)S), L-cysteine, or vehicle. In a second model, we investigated nociception to CRD in rats recovering from a chemically induced acute colitis. We found that CBS and CSE are expressed in the colon and spinal cord. Treating rats with NaHS resulted in a dose-dependent attenuation of CRD-induced nociception with the maximal effect at 60 micromol/kg (p < 0.05). Administration of L-cysteine, a CSE/CBS substrate, reduced rectal sensitivity to CRD (p < 0.05). NaHS-induced antinociception was reversed by glibenclamide, a ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) channel inhibitor, and N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME), a nitric-oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor. The antinociceptive effect of NaHS was maintained during the resolution of colon inflammation induced by intrarectal administration of a chemical irritant. In summary, these data show that H(2)S inhibits nociception induced by CRD in both healthy and postcolitic rats. This effect is mediated by K(ATP) channels and NO. H(2)S-releasing drugs might be beneficial in treating painful intestinal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Distrutti
- University of Perugia, Clinica di Gastroenterologia, Policlinico Monteluce, Via Enrico Dal Pozzo, 06122 Perugia, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hu HZ, Liu S, Gao N, Xia Y, Mostafa R, Ren J, Zafirov DH, Wood JD. Actions of bradykinin on electrical and synaptic behavior of neurones in the myenteric plexus of guinea-pig small intestine. Br J Pharmacol 2003; 138:1221-32. [PMID: 12711622 PMCID: PMC1573781 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0705180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2002] [Revised: 12/16/2002] [Accepted: 01/03/2003] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Electrophysiologic methods were used to study actions of bradykinin (BK) in neurones of the myenteric plexus of guinea-pig small intestine in vitro. Exposure to BK depolarized the membrane potential and elevated excitability in AH- and S-type neurones. Neuronal input resistance associated with the depolarizing responses was either decreased or unchanged in S-type and increased in AH-type neurones. 2. The selective B(2) BK receptor antagonist HOE-140, but not the selective B(1) receptor antagonist des-arg(10)-HOE-140, suppressed the BK-evoked responses. RT-PCR confirmed the expression of B(2) receptor mRNA, but not B(1) receptor mRNA. 3. Binding of fluorescently- labeled HOE-140 (HOE741) was localized to ganglion cells in whole-mount preparations. BK B(2) receptors were coexpressed with immunoreactivity for calbindin or nitric oxide synthase. 4. Exposure to BK suppressed the amplitude of both fast and slow excitatory postsynaptic potentials. Depolarizing responses evoked by application of serotonin or substance P and nicotinic responses to acetylcholine were not reduced by BK. This suggested that BK action on neurotransmission was presynaptic suppression of neurotransmitter release. Presence of HOE-140 in the bathing solution suppressed or abolished the presynaptic inhibitory action of BK. 5. The cyclooxygenase inhibitor, piroxicam, suppressed both the direct excitatory action of BK and its presynaptic inhibitory action. Application of prostaglandin E(2), D(2), F(2alpha) or I(2) mimicked the BK-evoked responses. 6. The results suggest that BK acts at B(2) BK receptors on myenteric neurones to stimulate the formation of prostaglandins. Once formed and released, the prostaglandins act to elevate the excitability of ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus and to suppress the synaptic release of neurotransmitters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Zhen Hu
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Ohio State University, 304 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1218, U.S.A
| | - Sumei Liu
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Ohio State University, 304 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1218, U.S.A
| | - Na Gao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Ohio State University, 304 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1218, U.S.A
| | - Yun Xia
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Ohio State University, 304 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1218, U.S.A
| | - Randa Mostafa
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Ohio State University, 304 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1218, U.S.A
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Ohio State University, 304 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1218, U.S.A
| | - Dimiter H Zafirov
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Ohio State University, 304 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1218, U.S.A
| | - Jackie D Wood
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Ohio State University, 304 Hamilton Hall, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210-1218, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ozaki N, Bielefeldt K, Sengupta JN, Gebhart GF. Models of gastric hyperalgesia in the rat. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2002; 283:G666-76. [PMID: 12181181 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00001.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of dyspepsia, nonhuman models for study of gastric hyperalgesia are limited. We thus characterized responses to gastric distension (GD) in the absence of and after two different gastric insults. A balloon was surgically placed into the stomach, and electromyographic responses to GD were recorded from the acromiotrapezius muscle at various times after balloon placement. Rats received either 20% acetic acid (HAc) or saline injections into the stomach wall or 0.1% iodoacetamide (IA) in drinking water. Responses to GD were monotonic with increasing distending pressure (10-80 mmHg) and were reproducible from days 3-14 after balloon implantation. Both HAc injection and IA ingestion led to increased responses to GD (i.e., gastric hyperalgesia), which, in the case of HAc, persisted for 60 days after HAc treatment. HAc injection produced ulcers in all treated animals; IA ingestion produced no lesions. Myeloperoxidase activity significantly increased after HAc but not saline injection or IA ingestion. In the awake, unrestrained rat, visceromotor responses to GD are quantifiable, reliable, and reproducible. Significantly enhanced responses to GD were apparent in two models of gastric insult, both of which may be useful for the study of the mechanisms of gastric hyperalgesia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriyuki Ozaki
- Departments of Pharmacology and Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Holzer P. Gastrointestinal afferents as targets of novel drugs for the treatment of functional bowel disorders and visceral pain. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 429:177-93. [PMID: 11698040 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(01)01319-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An intricate surveillance network consisting of enteroendocrine cells, immune cells and sensory nerve fibres monitors the luminal and interstitial environment in the alimentary canal. Functional bowel disorders are characterized by persistent alterations in digestive regulation and gastrointestinal discomfort and pain. Visceral hyperalgesia may arise from an exaggerated sensitivity of peripheral afferent nerve fibres and/or a distorted processing and representation of gut signals in the brain. Novel strategies to treat these sensory bowel disorders are therefore targeted at primary afferent nerve fibres. These neurons express a number of molecular traits including transmitters, receptors and ion channels that are specific to them and whose number and/or behaviour may be altered in chronic visceral pain. The targets under consideration comprise vanilloid receptor ion channels, acid-sensing ion channels, sensory neuron-specific Na(+) channels, P2X(3) purinoceptors, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), 5-HT(3) and 5-HT(4) receptors, cholecystokinin CCK(1) receptors, bradykinin and prostaglandin receptors, glutamate receptors, tachykinin and calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors as well as peripheral opioid and cannabinoid receptors. The utility of sensory neuron-targeting drugs in functional bowel disorders will critically depend on the compounds' selectivity of action for afferent versus enteric or central neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Holzer
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 4, A-8010 Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ness TJ, Gebhart GF. Inflammation enhances reflex and spinal neuron responses to noxious visceral stimulation in rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2001; 280:G649-57. [PMID: 11254491 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.2001.280.4.g649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
To improve understanding of sensory processes related to visceral inflammation, the effect of turpentine-induced inflammation on reflex (cardiovascular/visceromotor) and extracellularly recorded lumbosacral dorsal horn neuron responses to colorectal distension (CRD) was investigated. A 25% solution of turpentine, applied to the colorectal mucosa, produced inflammation, decreased compliance of the colonic wall, and enhanced reflex responses in unanesthetized rats within 2-6 h. At 24 h posttreatment, pressor responses to CRD (80 mmHg, 20 s) were 20% greater, and intraluminal pressures needed to evoke visceromotor reflexes were 30% lower than controls. Parallel electrophysiological experiments in spinal cord-transected, decerebrate rats demonstrated that two neuronal subgroups excited by CRD were differentially affected by turpentine administered 24 h before testing. During CRD, abrupt neurons were 70% less active and sustained neurons were 25% more active than similar neurons in controls. In summary, reflex and neuronal subgroup (sustained neurons) responses to CRD were both potentiated by chemical inflammation. This suggests that the neurophysiological basis for inflammation-induced increases in reflex responses to CRD is increased activity of this neuronal subgroup.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T J Ness
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ness TJ, Gebhart GF. Acute inflammation differentially alters the activity of two classes of rat spinal visceral nociceptive neurons. Neurosci Lett 2000; 281:131-4. [PMID: 10704760 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(00)00832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative neurophysiological studies have identified the presence of at least two spinal neuron populations (ABRUPT and SUSTAINED) which are excited by the noxious visceral stimulus colorectal distension (CRD). The present study examined the effects of acute colorectal inflammation on the activity of dorsal horn neurons in decerebrate, cervical spinal cord-transected male rats. Extracellular recordings were made using tungsten microelectrodes and inflammation was produced by intracolonic instillation of turpentine (25% solution). The total activity of SUSTAINED neurons during CRD increased starting one hour after turpentine instillation whereas the total activity of ABRUPT neurons during CRD, as a group, was unaffected during the two hours of study. Increases in total activity during CRD correlated with increases in spontaneous activity. These observations further support that visceral nociception travels by a dual pathway and suggest a predominant role for SUSTAINED neurons in the signaling of visceral pain-related events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T J Ness
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham School of Medicine, 619-19th Street South, ZRB 940, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Pains arising from the viscera constitute a large portion of clinically treated pains. They are characterized by poor localization; immobility with tonic increases in muscle tone; and vigorous but nonspecific changes in autonomic function, such as changes in respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure. Tissue-damaging stimuli do not reliably produce visceral pain, so the study of visceral nociception in nonhuman animals requires identification of appropriate stimuli and responses. This article defines "noxious" visceral stimuli as those that produce pain in humans, result in aversive behaviors in animals, and evoke responses that are inhibited by manipulations known to be analgesic in humans. To be valid, the measured responses must be reliable, inhibited by known analgesics, and not inhibited by nonanalgesics. Using these criteria as measures of validity, the author examined several visceral pain models. The writhing test (application of intraperitoneal irritants) failed to meet these criteria; however, responses to small bowel distension, colonic-rectal distension, artificial ureteral calculosis, urinary tract distension, and the intravesical application of irritants met most, if not all, of the criteria. Other models, such as responses to biliary system distension, to reproductive organ stimulation, to the focal application of algesic agents onto various viscera, and to ischemic stimuli, met some of these criteria. This information should assist readers in decisions related to the use of visceral pain models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T.J. Ness
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Messaoudi M, Desor D, Grasmück V, Joyeux M, Langlois A, Roman FJ. Behavioral evaluation of visceral pain in a rat model of colonic inflammation. Neuroreport 1999; 10:1137-41. [PMID: 10321498 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-199904060-00043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A new rat model was established up to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of compounds in visceral pain. The test consisted in measuring the performance of rats in an aversive light stimulus avoidance experimental device. Rats with TNBS-induced colitis had a lower number of total active lever pressings and did not discriminate the active lever from the inactive one. Morphine (1 mg/kg, s.c.) and CI-977 (0.001 mg/kg, s.c.) treatment restored the level of pressing activity of animals and their ability to discriminate the active lever from the inactive one. Naloxone treatment antagonized the improvement of performance produced by morphine. The results obtained indicate that this behavioral paradigm may be used to evaluate the antinociceptive potential of compounds.
Collapse
|
12
|
Bardou M. [Functional colonic diseases: from physiopathology to pharmacology]. Rev Med Interne 1999; 20:151-7. [PMID: 10227093 DOI: 10.1016/s0248-8663(99)83032-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Irritable bowel syndrome is a very frequent cause for consulting. The clinical entity is ill-defined and diagnosis is based on clinical features (Rome criteria), as no specific feature helps guide the diagnosis. Since its pathophysiology is currently being better described, this study was aimed at reviewing recent data. CURRENT KNOWLEDGE AND KEY POINTS After involvement of the motor system had been suggested, more recent pathophysiological studies have focused on diffuse abnormalities of visceral perception with decrease in pain thresholds. Involvement of other physiopathological factors, particularly of psychological disturbances, has been suggested. FUTURE PROSPECT AND PROJECTS Management of patients suffering from irritable bowel syndrome is still disappointing as pharmacological agent acting on gut motility are only partly efficacious. Better understanding of its physiopathology will open new avenues for the development of therapeutical agents truly efficacious on visceral hypersensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Bardou
- Service d'hépatogastroentérologie, hôpital Antoine-Béclère, Clamart, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
McLean PG, Picard C, Garcia-Villar R, Ducos de Lahitte R, Moré J, Fioramonti J, Buéno L. Role of kinin B1 and B2 receptors and mast cells in post intestinal infection-induced hypersensitivity to distension. Neurogastroenterol Motil 1998; 10:499-508. [PMID: 10050255 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2982.1998.00123.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Distension of the rat intestine causes a capsaicin-sensitive, pressure-dependent depressor response which is indicative of nociception. A hypersensitivity of jejunal distension which possibly involves tachykinin NK2 receptors and is restricted to areas with mast cell hyperplagia is observed in rats infected 30 days previously with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. This study aimed to further investigate the role of mast cells, tachykinins and kinins in this intestinal hypersensitivity. The activity of a mast cell stabilizer (doxantrazole), kinin antagonists (des-Arg 10-[Leu9]-kallidin, B1, HOE 140, B2) and tachykinin antagonists (CP 99, 994, NK1, SR 142801, NK3) were tested against the distension-induced depressor responses in control and post-infected rats. The 30-day post-infection-induced hypersensitivity was significantly reduced by the mast cell stabilizer doxantrazole. The hypersensitivity had resolved in 90-day post-infected rats when mast cells levels had normalized. Des-Arg 10-[Leu9]-kallidin and HOE 140 did not inhibit the depressor responses in controls but produced a significant inhibition in 30-day post-infected rats. CP 99,994 inhibited the depressor responses in post-infected rats with an equal potency to that in control rats. SR 142801 was inactive in both groups. In conclusion, mast cells and kinin-mediated nociception appear to be involved in post-infection intestinal hypersensitivity whereas tachykinin NK1 and NK3 receptors do not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P G McLean
- Department of Pharmacology, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Toulouse, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
De Ponti F, Malagelada JR. Functional gut disorders: from motility to sensitivity disorders. A review of current and investigational drugs for their management. Pharmacol Ther 1998; 80:49-88. [PMID: 9804054 DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7258(98)00021-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Functional gut disorders include several clinical entities defined on the basis of symptom patterns (e.g., functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, functional abdominal pain, functional abdominal bloating), for which there is no established pathophysiological mechanism. Because there is no well-defined pathophysiological target, treatment should be aimed at symptom improvement. Prokinetics and antispasmodics have been widely used in the treatment of functional gut disorders on the assumption that disordered motility is the underlying cause of symptoms, and symptom improvement is indeed achievable with these compounds in some, but not all, patients with features of hypo- or hypermotility, respectively. In the first part of this review, we cover the basic pharmacology and discuss the rationale for the clinical use of prokinetics and antispasmodics. On the other hand, in the past few years, the explosive growth in the research focusing on visceral sensitivity and visceral reflexes has suggested that at least some patients with functional gut disorders have altered visceral perception. Thus, the second part of the review covers these developments and focuses on studies addressing the issue of drugs modulating visceral sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F De Ponti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lacheze C, Coelho AM, Fioramonti J, Buéno L. Influence of trimebutine on inflammation- and stress-induced hyperalgesia to rectal distension in rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 1998; 50:921-8. [PMID: 9751458 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1998.tb04009.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of trimebutine and its major metabolite, N-desmethyltrimebutine on inflammation- and stress-induced rectal hyperalgesia have been evaluated in rats fitted with electrodes implanted in the longitudinal striated muscle of the abdomen. Intermittent rectal distension was performed before and 3 days after induction of rectal inflammation by local infusion of trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid (in ethanol). Stress consisted of 2h partial restraint and rectal distension was performed before and 30min after the end of the partial restraint session. The animals were treated intraperitoneally with trimebutine or desmethyltrimebutine (5, 10 or 20mgkg(-1)) or vehicle 15min before rectal distension. Naloxone (1mgkg(-1)) or saline was injected subcutaneously before trimebutine and desmethyltrimebutine. Before treatment trimebutine at the highest dose (20mgkg(-1)) reduced the abdominal response to rectal distension for the highest volume of distension (1.6mL) whereas desmethyltrimebutine was inactive. After rectocolitis the abdominal response to rectal distension was enhanced and trimebutine at 5mgkg(-1) reduced and at 10 mgkg(-1) suppressed inflammation-induced hyperalgesia, an effect reversed by naloxone. Desmethyltrimebutine was inactive. Stress-induced hypersensitivity was attenuated or suppressed, or both, by trimebutine and desmethyltrimebutine at doses of 5, 10 or 20mgkg(-l); greater efficacy was observed for desmethyltrimebutine and the effects were not reversed by naloxone. It was concluded that trimebutine and desmethyltrimebutine are active against inflammation- and stress-induced rectal hyperalgesia but act differently. The effect of trimebutine on inflammation-induced hyperalgesia is mediated through opioid receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Lacheze
- Department of Pharmacology, INRA, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Riley S, Rutherford P. Gastrointestinal Side Effects of Ramipril in Peritoneal Dialysis Patients. Perit Dial Int 1998. [DOI: 10.1177/089686089801800113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Riley
- Department of Nephrology University of Wales College of Medicine Wrexham Maelor Hospital Wrexham, Clwyd, LL13 7TD U.K
| | - P.A. Rutherford
- Department of Nephrology University of Wales College of Medicine Wrexham Maelor Hospital Wrexham, Clwyd, LL13 7TD U.K
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Friese N, Diop L, Chevalier E, Angel F, Rivière PJ, Dahl SG. Involvement of prostaglandins and CGRP-dependent sensory afferents in peritoneal irritation-induced visceral pain. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 1997; 70:1-7. [PMID: 9250575 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-0115(97)02141-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the contribution of prostaglandins (PG) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathways in visceral pain induced by peritoneal irritation in rats. Peritoneal irritation was produced by i.p. administration of acetic acid (AA: 0.06-1.0%, 10 ml/kg). Visceral pain was scored by counting abdominal contractions. The effect of CGRP (3-100 microg/kg, i.p.) was also evaluated. Like AA, CGRP induced abdominal pain. Neonatal pretreatment with capsaicin reduced abdominal contractions produced by AA (0.6%) and CGRP (20 microg/kg) with 64.6% and 45.6%, respectively. Abdominal contractions induced by AA and CGRP were blocked by two antinociceptive drugs, mu-and kappa-opioid agonists, morphine and (+/-)-U-50,488H, respectively. Indomethacin (3 mg/kg, s.c.) reduced the number of abdominal contractions produced by AA by 78.1%+/-6.4% but did not inhibit abdominal contractions produced by CGRP. The CGRP, receptor antagonist, hCGRP(8-37) (300 microg/kg, i.v.) inhibited AA- and CGRP-induced abdominal contractions with 57.5%+/-12.4% and 51.6%+/-11.3%, respectively. Concomitant i.p. administration of PGE1 and PGE2 (0.3 mg/kg of each) produced abdominal contractions which were inhibited 45.6%+/-9.3% by hCGRP(8-37) (300 microg/kg i.v.). Taken together, these results suggest that peritoneal irritation is likely to trigger the release of prostaglandins, which in turn produces a release of CGRP from primary sensory afferents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Friese
- Institut de Recherche Jouveinal, Fresnes, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|