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Krayem I, Sohrabi Y, Havelková H, Gusareva ES, Strnad H, Čepičková M, Volkova V, Kurey I, Vojtíšková J, Svobodová M, Demant P, Lipoldová M. Functionally distinct regions of the locus Leishmania major response 15 control IgE or IFNγ level in addition to skin lesions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1145269. [PMID: 37600780 PMCID: PMC10437074 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1145269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, a disease caused by parasites of Leishmania spp., endangers more than 1 billion people living in endemic countries and has three clinical forms: cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral. Understanding of individual differences in susceptibility to infection and heterogeneity of its pathology is largely lacking. Different mouse strains show a broad and heterogeneous range of disease manifestations such as skin lesions, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, and increased serum levels of immunoglobulin E and several cytokines. Genome-wide mapping of these strain differences detected more than 30 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that control the response to Leishmania major. Some control different combinations of disease manifestations, but the nature of this heterogeneity is not yet clear. In this study, we analyzed the L. major response locus Lmr15 originally mapped in the strain CcS-9 which carries 12.5% of the genome of the resistant strain STS on the genetic background of the susceptible strain BALB/c. For this analysis, we used the advanced intercross line K3FV between the strains BALB/c and STS. We confirmed the previously detected loci Lmr15, Lmr18, Lmr24, and Lmr27 and performed genetic dissection of the effects of Lmr15 on chromosome 11. We prepared the interval-specific recombinant strains 6232HS1 and 6229FUD, carrying two STS-derived segments comprising the peak linkage of Lmr15 whose lengths were 6.32 and 17.4 Mbp, respectively, and analyzed their response to L. major infection. These experiments revealed at least two linked but functionally distinct chromosomal regions controlling IFNγ response and IgE response, respectively, in addition to the control of skin lesions. Bioinformatics and expression analysis identified the potential candidate gene Top3a. This finding further clarifies the genetic organization of factors relevant to understanding the differences in the individual risk of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtissal Krayem
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Yahya Sohrabi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Cardiology I-Coronary and Peripheral Vascular Disease, Heart Failure, University Hospital Münster, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Helena Havelková
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Elena S. Gusareva
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Hynek Strnad
- Department of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Marie Čepičková
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Valeryia Volkova
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Iryna Kurey
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jarmila Vojtíšková
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Milena Svobodová
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - Peter Demant
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Marie Lipoldová
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Brenner M, Laragione T, Yarlett NC, Gulko PS. Genetic regulation of T regulatory, CD4, and CD8 cell numbers by the arthritis severity loci Cia5a, Cia5d, and the MHC/Cia1 in the rat. Mol Med 2007. [PMID: 17673937 DOI: 10.2119/2007-00003.brenner] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells have a central role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis, and several abnormalities in T cell homeostasis have been described in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We hypothesized that T cell phenotypes, including frequencies of different subsets of T regulatory (Treg) cells and in vitro functional responses could be genetically determined. Furthermore, we considered that the genetic contribution would be accounted for by one of the arthritis regulatory quantitative trait loci (QTL), thus providing novel clues to gene mode of action. T cells were isolated from thymus, peripheral blood, and spleen from DA (arthritis-susceptible) and ACI and F344 (arthritis-resistant) strains and from F344.DA(Cia1), DA.F344(Cia5a), and DA.F344(Cia5d) rats congenic for arthritis QTL. T cell subpopulations differed significantly between DA, F344, and ACI. DA rats had an increased frequency of CD4(+) cells, and a reduction in CD8(+) and CD4(+)CD45RC(|o) Treg cells, compared with F344. The differences in CD4/CD8 and CD4(+)CD45RC(|o) Treg cells were accounted for by Cia5a. DA rats also had a reduced frequency of CD8(+)CD45RC(|o) CD25(+) Treg cells compared with F344, and that difference was explained by Cia5d. DA rats also had a significantly lower frequency of CD4(+)CD25(+) and CD8(+)CD25(+) thymocytes, and of peripheral blood CD8(+)CD45RC(|o) Treg cells, compared with F344 rats, and that difference was accounted for by the MHC. This is the first identification of arthritis severity QTL regulating numbers of CD4(+)CD45RC(|o) (Cia5a) and CD8(+)CD45RC(|o) CD25(+) (Cia5d) Treg cells. The MHC effect on CD8(+) Treg cells and CD25(+) thymocytes raises a novel potential explanation for its association with arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Brenner
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology, The Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
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Brenner M, Laragione T, Yarlett NC, Gulko PS. Genetic regulation of T regulatory, CD4, and CD8 cell numbers by the arthritis severity loci Cia5a, Cia5d, and the MHC/Cia1 in the rat. MOLECULAR MEDICINE (CAMBRIDGE, MASS.) 2007; 13:277-87. [PMID: 17673937 PMCID: PMC1936230 DOI: 10.2119/2007–00003.brenner] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2007] [Accepted: 03/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
T cells have a central role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis, and several abnormalities in T cell homeostasis have been described in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We hypothesized that T cell phenotypes, including frequencies of different subsets of T regulatory (Treg) cells and in vitro functional responses could be genetically determined. Furthermore, we considered that the genetic contribution would be accounted for by one of the arthritis regulatory quantitative trait loci (QTL), thus providing novel clues to gene mode of action. T cells were isolated from thymus, peripheral blood, and spleen from DA (arthritis-susceptible) and ACI and F344 (arthritis-resistant) strains and from F344.DA(Cia1), DA.F344(Cia5a), and DA.F344(Cia5d) rats congenic for arthritis QTL. T cell subpopulations differed significantly between DA, F344, and ACI. DA rats had an increased frequency of CD4(+) cells, and a reduction in CD8(+) and CD4(+)CD45RC(|o) Treg cells, compared with F344. The differences in CD4/CD8 and CD4(+)CD45RC(|o) Treg cells were accounted for by Cia5a. DA rats also had a reduced frequency of CD8(+)CD45RC(|o) CD25(+) Treg cells compared with F344, and that difference was explained by Cia5d. DA rats also had a significantly lower frequency of CD4(+)CD25(+) and CD8(+)CD25(+) thymocytes, and of peripheral blood CD8(+)CD45RC(|o) Treg cells, compared with F344 rats, and that difference was accounted for by the MHC. This is the first identification of arthritis severity QTL regulating numbers of CD4(+)CD45RC(|o) (Cia5a) and CD8(+)CD45RC(|o) CD25(+) (Cia5d) Treg cells. The MHC effect on CD8(+) Treg cells and CD25(+) thymocytes raises a novel potential explanation for its association with arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Brenner
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology, The Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
- North Shore-LIJ Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Teresina Laragione
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology, The Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Nuriza C Yarlett
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology, The Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Pércio S Gulko
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology, The Robert S. Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
- New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, New York, USA
- Address correspondence and reprint requests to Pércio S Gulko, Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology, The Robert S Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Drive, Room 139, Manhasset, NY, 11030. Phone: (516) 562-1275; Fax: (516) 562-1153; E-mail:
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Wenderfer SE, Slack JP, McCluskey TS, Monaco JJ. Identification of 40 genes on a 1-Mb contig around the IL-4 cytokine family gene cluster on mouse chromosome 11. Genomics 2000; 63:354-73. [PMID: 10704283 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1999.6100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Five related cytokine genes, interleukin 3 (Il3), interleukin 4 (Il4), interleukin 5 (Il5), interleukin 13 (Il13), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (Csfgm or Csf2), are tightly linked on mouse chromosome 11. We now describe a 1-Mb transcript map of this cytokine cluster. Genomic clones obtained by screening mouse bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) and P1-derived artificial chromosome (PAC) libraries were subcloned into the pSPL3 expression vector and transfected into COS7 cells for exon trapping. In total, 118 distinct, putative exons were sequenced and characterized, mapping up to 29 distinct genes to the mouse cluster, including Il4 and Csf2. Northern blot and RT-PCR analyses indicate that all of these genes are expressed. Analysis of 1 Mb of published sequence from the region of conserved synteny on human chromosome 5q31-q33 identified 45 gene candidates, including 35 expressed genes in the human IL-4 cytokine gene cluster. Probes for 20 human genes were tested for cross-hybridization to murine BAC and PAC clones, thereby mapping 11 additional genes to the mouse complex. Thus, a total of 40 genes including 6 cytokine genes have been physically mapped within 1 Mb of mouse chromosome 11. Gene order in this complex is similar, but not identical, between human and mouse. The integrated physical and transcript maps should prove valuable as a complement to genomic sequencing and expression-dependent transcript maps of this segment of the genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Wenderfer
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0524, USA
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Fijneman RJ, van der Valk MA, Demant P. Genetics of quantitative and qualitative aspects of lung tumorigenesis in the mouse: multiple interacting Susceptibility to lung cancer (Sluc) genes with large effects. Exp Lung Res 1998; 24:419-36. [PMID: 9659575 DOI: 10.3109/01902149809087378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Inbred strains of mice exhibit large differences in their susceptibility to various complex quantitative genetic traits, among which is the susceptibility to lung cancer. These differences are caused by the combined effects of multiple quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Due to their multiplicity, it is relatively difficult and laborious to study the effects of individual QTLs. To dissect complex genetic traits the authors make use of recombinant congenic strains (RCS), a system of mouse inbred strains in which the genetic complexity is reduced. The susceptibility to lung cancer is studied by using the series of O20-congenic-B10.O20 (OcB) RC strains. They are derived from the parental background strain O20 and the parental donor strain B10.O20, two mouse inbred strains that differ from each other in both quantitative and qualitative aspects of lung tumorigenesis. This study describes the segregation of lung tumor number, size, and histology among the OcB RC strains, and indicates that these traits are influenced by multiple interacting QTLs with considerable individual effects. The results suggest that some of the susceptibility loci to lung cancer affect the susceptibility to other types of cancer as well, possibly by functioning systematically.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Fijneman
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Division of Molecular Genetics (H4), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Krulová M, Havelková H, Kosarová M, Holán V, Hart AA, Demant P, Lipoldová M. IL-2-induced proliferative response is controlled by loci Cinda1 and Cinda2 on mouse chromosomes 11 and 12: a distinct control of the response induced by different IL-2 concentrations. Genomics 1997; 42:11-5. [PMID: 9177770 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1997.4694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocytes of mouse strains BALB/cHeA (BALB/c) and STS/A (STS) differ in the IL-2-induced proliferative response, STS being a high and BALB/c a low responder in the range of concentrations 125-2000 IE/ml. We analyzed the genetic basis of this strain difference using the recombinant congenic (RC) strains of the BALB/c-c-STS/Dem (CcS/Dem) series. This series comprises 20 homozygous strains all derived from two parental inbred strains: the "background" strain BALB/c and the "donor" strain STS. Each CcS/Dem strain contains a different, random set of approximately 12.5% genes of the donor strain STS and approximately 87.5% genes of the background strain BALB/c. In this way, the STS genes controlling the IL-2-induced response became separated into individual CcS/Dem strains, as indicated by differences in the magnitude of the IL-2-induced response among CcS/Dem strains (M. Lipoldová et al., 1995, Immunogenetics 41: 301-311). To map some of these genes, we tested F2 hybrids between one of the high-responder RC strains, CcS-4, and the low-responder parental strain BALB/c. We found that the response to high IL-2 concentrations is controlled by a locus, Cinda1 (cytokine-induced activation 1), on chromosome 11 near the marker D11Mit4. The response to a lower dose of IL-2 tested on lymphocytes of the same mice was found to be controlled by another locus, Cinda2, in the centromeric part of chromosome 12, the higher response being linked to the STS allele of the marker D12Mit37. Understanding the action of genetic factors, such as Cinda1 and Cinda2, that control T cell function is expected to contribute to the efficient analysis of the genetic control of susceptibility to infections and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Krulová
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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