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Ahmling MK, Lorenz S, Eickhorst A, Menrath I, Liel C. [Adverse Childhood Experiences in Mothers and Intergenerational Family Violence]. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 2023; 72:483-500. [PMID: 37830887 DOI: 10.13109/prkk.2023.72.6.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
For children, own adverse experiences, as well as their exposure to intimate partner violence poses a severe risk for health and development. In order to answer the question of intergenerational transmission of family violence, adverse childhood experiences in mothers are considered to be a significant risk factor for the occurrence of child maltreatment and intimate partner violence in families, which, however, has been little studied in Germany. Therefore, this paper uses cross-sectional data of 5.646 mothers that was taken fromthe representative study "Kinder in Deutschland - KiD 0-3". Multiple binary-logical regression models were calculated in order to examine the influence ofmaternal adverse childhood experiences on various forms of family violence. As a result, 823 mothers (9,3 %) reported adverse childhood experiences; 157 (2,8 %) admitted that their child had already been exposed to physical harm or harsh punishment, and 168 (3,0%) reported intimate partner violence since the birth of their child, respectively 493 (8,7 %) since any past relationship. Taking demographic and socioeconomic factors into account, the occurrence of all three forms of violence becamemore likely inmothers with adverse childhood experiences: physical harm of the child (OR = 2,78, p ≤ 0,001), current intimate partner violence of themother (OR = 3,76, p ≤ 0,001), as well as her lifetime experiences in general (OR = 3,67, p ≤ 0,001). Therefore, the support and guidance of families (e.g., by early childhood interventions) should take into account the connection between negative maternal childhood experiences, as well as familial forms of violence, and, if applicable, make generous preventative offers. In case of signs for familial violence, additional protective steps should be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Kristin Ahmling
- Sozialpädiatrisches Zentrum (SPZ), Agaplesion Diakonieklinikum Rotenburg (Wümme) Deutschland
| | - Simon Lorenz
- Nationales Zentrum Frühe Hilfen, Deutsches Jugendinstitut e.V., Abteilung Familie und Familienpolitik, München; Deutschland
| | - Andreas Eickhorst
- Nationales Zentrum Frühe Hilfen, Deutsches Jugendinstitut e. V., Abteilung Familie und Familienpolitik, München Deutschland
- Hochschule Hannover, Fakultät für Diakonie, Gesundheit und Soziales Deutschland
| | - Ingo Menrath
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck Deutschland
| | - Christoph Liel
- Deutsches Jugendinstitut e. V. Abteilung Familie und Familienpolitik Nockherstraße 2 81541 München Deutschland
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Iwanski A, Lichtenstein L, Forster F, Stadelmann C, Bodenmann G, Zimmermann P. A Family Systems Perspective on Attachment Security and Dependency to Mother and Father in Preschool: Differential and Reciprocal Effects on Children's Emotional and Behavioral Problems. Brain Sci 2022; 13:brainsci13010035. [PMID: 36672018 PMCID: PMC9856694 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Attachment security and dependency play a decisive role for children's mental health. From a family systems perspective, reciprocal effects of dyadic attachment to each parent within the same family on child symptomatology may well offer additional insights in developmental processes as parents and children influence each other consistently. This study examined the influence of child-mother as well as child-father attachment security and dependency on maternal, paternal, and observed ratings of children's emotional and behavioral problems. A total of 124 families with preschool children participated in this study. Attachment security, dependency, and symptomatology of the children were independently observed during home visits. Furthermore, mothers and fathers rated child symptoms. Results revealed promotive effects of attachment security to both parents on observed child symptoms. Furthermore, we found a significant actor effect of child-mother attachment security, as well as a significant partner effect of child-father dependency on maternal ratings of child symptomatology. Attachment security to both parents is promotive for child mental health. The family systems perspective clarifies the meaning of child-father relationships for maternal perception of the own child.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Iwanski
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Lucie Lichtenstein
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Fabienne Forster
- Cantonal Psychiatric Clinic St. Gallen, Gynaeco-Psychiatry, Zuercherstrasse 30, 9500 Wil, Switzerland
| | - Céline Stadelmann
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology for Children/Adolescents and Couples/Families, University of Zurich, Binzmuehlestr. 14, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guy Bodenmann
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology for Children/Adolescents and Couples/Families, University of Zurich, Binzmuehlestr. 14, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Zimmermann
- Department of Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Gaußstr. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
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Family Risk Factors That Jeopardize Child Development: Scoping Review. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12040562. [PMID: 35455678 PMCID: PMC9029255 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12040562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The obligation to protect children is defined by law. However, there is fragility in identifying actual or potential situations that jeopardize their development. This review aims to identify the family risk factors that jeopardize child development. A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute for Evidence-Based Practice framework and the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. The research was carried out on the electronic databases PubMed, CINAHL, Nursing & Allied Health Collection: Comprehensive, MEDLINE Complete, and MedicLatina, with a time limit of 2010 to 2021. The search was restricted to documents written in Portuguese, English, and French. A total of 3998 articles were initially identified. After selecting and analysing, 28 risk factors were extracted from 29 articles. Four categories of risk factors were identified—namely, patterns of social and economic interaction, family characteristics, caregiver’s characteristics, and parenting. The results of this review allow the identification of family risk factors that jeopardize child development. This is significant for Child Protective Services workers as they carry out their risk assessments. This assessment is the first step in avoiding an accumulation of harm to at-risk children and allowing the development of interventions for minimising harm’s impact on children’s development.
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Gerlach J, Fößel JM, Vierhaus M, Sann A, Eickhorst A, Zimmermann P, Spangler G. Family risk and early attachment development: The differential role of parental sensitivity. Infant Ment Health J 2022; 43:340-356. [PMID: 35020951 DOI: 10.1002/imhj.21964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Family risks are known to be detrimental to children's attachment development. This study investigated whether parental sensitivity plays different roles in early attachment development in the context of risk: Sensitivity was hypothesized to mediate risk effects on attachment, as well as a moderator that shapes the relation between risk and attachment. Multiple family risks, parental sensitivity (defined as responsivity and supportive presence), and children's attachment security of 197 infants and toddlers (Mage = 15.25 months) and their caregivers were assessed in a prospective study with a cohort-sequential-design in Germany. Caregivers' sensitivity served as a mediator of risk effects on attachment as well as a moderator that buffers adverse consequences of risk. Early sensitivity might be relevant in setting the stage for attachment development supporting resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Gerlach
- Department of Psychology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Marc Vierhaus
- Education and School Counselling District Gütersloh, Gütersloh, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Eickhorst
- Department of Social Work, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Hanover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Peter Zimmermann
- Department of Developmental Psychology, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Gottfried Spangler
- Department of Psychology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Liel C, Eickhorst A, Zimmermann P, Stemmler M, Walper S. Fathers, mothers and family violence: Which risk factors contribute to the occurrence of child maltreatment and exposure to intimate partner violence in early childhood? Findings in a German longitudinal in-depth study. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 123:105373. [PMID: 34801847 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family violence, especially child maltreatment and intimate partner violence, in early childhood has a strong impact on negative developmental outcomes. There is evidence of child, parental, and family risk factors. Less is known about paternal than maternal risk factors. OBJECTIVE To identify maternal and paternal predictors of family violence and predictive constellations of risk factors. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING According to psychosocial adversity in a larger study, families were stratified into low-, medium- and high-risk groups. Both, mothers and fathers (n = 197/191), were investigated longitudinally across seven months using self-report questionnaires and ratings of the IFEEL Pictures. METHODS χ2-tests, logistic regression models, and prediction configural frequency analysis (P-CFA) were employed. RESULTS Univariate predictors (p < .05) were anxiety and stress in mothers, and insensitivity in recognizing negative child emotions in fathers. Within high-risk levels, paternal adverse childhood experiences (ACE) were a predictor (z = 2.92, p > .01), proven by P-CFA. Logistic regression models including family violence at baseline, sociodemographic variables, univariate predictors, and ACE of both parents revealed maternal anxiety (OR = 1.22, p < .05) and low paternal recognition of negative IFEEL Pictures (OR = 6.00, p < .05) as predictors. P-CFA identified socioemotional problems in children and low paternal recognition of negative child emotions as a predictive risk constellation (z = 2.58, p > .01). CONCLUSION Analysis of both caregivers in small population samples with oversampled at-risk families leads to a systemic perspective of family violence. The identified risk constellation is highly relevant for early childhood intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Liel
- National Centre for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany.
| | - Andreas Eickhorst
- National Centre for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Zimmermann
- University of Wuppertal, Department of Developmental Psychology, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Mark Stemmler
- Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Department of Psychology, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Walper
- National Centre for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany; Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Munich, Germany
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Child Abuse Potential in Young German Parents: Predictors, Associations with Self-reported Maltreatment and Intervention Use. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022; 53:569-581. [PMID: 33730359 PMCID: PMC9107397 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01157-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Since child maltreatment has highly negative effects on child adjustment, early identification of at-risk families is important. This study focuses on longitudinal risk factors for child maltreatment and associations between abuse risk and occurrence. It also examines whether abuse risk and involvement in early childhood intervention are associated. The sample comprises 197 German caregivers with children under 3 years of age. Data was collected in two waves. The Brief Child Abuse Potential Inventory assessed abuse risk. Socio-demographic, parent, child and family-related risk factors were measured using screening tools. The analysis revealed that parental characteristics (psychopathology, own maltreatment experiences etc.) were associated with concurrent abuse risk. Longitudinal changes in abuse risk were linked to caregiver education and child-related factors. Cumulative risk did not explain more variance than specific risk factors. Significant associations with caregiver-reported abuse were found, and data suggest that some burdened families cannot be reached by early childhood intervention.
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Liel C, Ulrich SM, Lorenz S, Eickhorst A, Fluke J, Walper S. Risk factors for child abuse, neglect and exposure to intimate partner violence in early childhood: Findings in a representative cross-sectional sample in Germany. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 106:104487. [PMID: 32447140 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The KiD 0-3 national main study is a cross-sectional study on adversity in early childhood and parental access to support services, conducted as part of a long-term policy program for early intervention services in Germany. OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors for child abuse, neglect and exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) and investigate if parental use of early intervention programs or contact to child welfare services was associated with reported child maltreatment. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING 8063 families with infants and toddlers participated in the survey. Parents answered a written questionnaire during mandatory health checks for the child. The sampling was based on a regionally clustered model of pediatricians' practices. METHODS An automatic variable selection process was used to test risk factors and logistic regression models were employed for each outcome. RESULTS Significant risk factors (p < 0.05) for child abuse (1.91 %) were child age, IPV and parental stress. Neglect (0.83 %) was associated with couple distress, adverse childhood experiences, young maternal age, cramped housing, and migration history. IPV (2.98 %) was associated with child age, couple distress, depression/anxiety, harsh punishment, adverse childhood experiences, young maternal age, and poverty. Parents were more likely to use selective prevention programs in cases of child abuse and exposure to IPV. CONCLUSION Child abuse is mainly associated with proximal risk factors and neglect with distal factors. Exposure to IPV violence is associated with child abuse as well as with an accumulation of adversities. The association between service use and child maltreatment is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Liel
- National Centre for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany.
| | - Susanne M Ulrich
- National Centre for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Lorenz
- National Centre for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Eickhorst
- National Centre for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany; Hannover University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Faculty V of Diaconic Studies, Health Care and Social Work, Hannover, Germany
| | - John Fluke
- Kempe Center for the Prevention of Treatment of Child Abuse and Neglect, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado, United States
| | - Sabine Walper
- National Centre for Early Prevention, German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany
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Freund JD, Linberg A, Weinert S. Longitudinal interplay of young children's negative affectivity and maternal interaction quality in the context of unequal psychosocial resources. Infant Behav Dev 2019; 55:123-132. [PMID: 30871732 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Interaction quality and child temperament predict early and later child development. Research hints at transactional interrelations of both aspects but lacks adequate data to examine this assumption. Maternal psychosocial resources are suspected moderators in this context but rarely taken into account. Drawing on data of the German National Educational Panel Study we conducted a cross-lagged panel analysis on the longitudinal interplay of maternal interaction quality and children's negative affectivity at 6-8, 16-18, and 25-27 months and compared mothers with and without accumulated strains. Both variables showed moderate to high structural and rank order stability over time and low but increasing connections. In the case of accumulated stress factors, interaction quality is clearly impaired and high negative affectivity acts as an additional burden while low negative affectivity helps strained mothers to maintain higher interaction quality but only in the first year of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-David Freund
- Chair of Developmental Psychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany.
| | - Anja Linberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Bildungsverläufe e.V., Bamberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Weinert
- Chair of Developmental Psychology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
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Liel C, Meinck F, Steinert JI, Kindler H, Lang K, Eickhorst A. Is the Brief Child Abuse Potential Inventory (BCAPI) a valid measure of child abuse potential among mothers and fathers of young children in Germany? CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 88:432-444. [PMID: 30620919 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to prevent child abuse, instruments measuring child abuse potential (CAP) need to be appropriate, reliable and valid. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to confirm the 6-factor structure of the Brief Child Abuse Potential Inventory (BCAPI) in a German sample of mothers and fathers, and to examine longitudinal predictors of CAP. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Two waves of data were collected from 197 mothers and 191 fathers of children aged 10-21 months for the "Kinder in Deutschland - KiD 0-3" in-depth study. Families were stratified based on prior self-report data for screening purposes. METHODS 138 fathers and 147 mothers were included in the analysis (invalid: 25% mothers, 30% fathers). First, validity of reporting was examined. Second, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to assess factor structure. Third, internal reliability and criterion validity were examined. Finally, multivariate poisson regressions investigated longitudinal predictors of CAP in mothers. RESULTS A previously established six-factor structure was confirmed for mothers but not fathers. CFA failed for fathers due to large numbers of variables with zero variance. For mothers, internal consistency and criterion validity were good. BCAPI score at follow-up was associated with baseline BCAPI score (β = 00.08), stress (β = 0.06), education (β=-0.19) and alcohol use (β = .58). CONCLUSIONS Findings confirm the six-factor structure of the BCAPI among German mothers. The clinical use of the BCAPI in fathers is not recommended as it might produce data that are hard to interpret. Further research with fathers is needed to establish if this is due to limitations with this dataset or with the questionnaire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Liel
- German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany.
| | - Franziska Meinck
- Centre for Evidence-Based Interventions, Department of Social Policy & Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; OPTENTIA, School of Behavioural Sciences, North-West University, Vanderbeijlpark, South Africa
| | - Janina I Steinert
- Centre for Evidence-Based Interventions, Department of Social Policy & Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Heinz Kindler
- German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Lang
- German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany; Child Guidance Center Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas Eickhorst
- German Youth Institute, Department of Families and Family Policies, Munich, Germany; Hochschule Hannover, Fakultät V - Diakonie, Gesundheit und Soziales, Hannover, Germany
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Scharmanski S, Renner I. [Midwives and Nurses in Early Childhood Intervention: The Benefit of Additional Qualification]. Pflege 2018; 31:267-277. [PMID: 29927362 DOI: 10.1024/1012-5302/a000630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Midwives and Nurses in Early Childhood Intervention: The Benefit of Additional Qualification Abstract. BACKGROUND Early childhood interventions are locally and regionally organized support services for families from pregnancy until the end of the third year of life. The interventions promote diverse measures to enhance parental skills in order to improve developmental and living circumstances. Midwives and nurses with additional qualification support burdened families in early childhood intervention. METHOD Within a retrospective survey (standardized interviews, CAPI) mothers' (N = 298) perspective of the benefit of the home visiting support is assessed. Data from two groups were compared: (1) mothers in the care of a midwife or nurse with additional qualification (GruppeGFK + Quali) and (2) mothers cared for by a midwife or nurse without additional qualification (GruppeGFK). RESULTS (1) Families with weighted levels of psychosocial burdens reported an enhanced need for help. (2) Midwives and nurses with additional qualification support more frequently families with high levels of psychosocial burdens. (3) Mothers with care of midwives and nurses with additional qualification reported this support as more useful in relation to every day demands than mothers with regular care after birth (questionnaire for evaluation of the received support: GruppeGFK + Quali: mean = 2.57; GruppeGFK : mean = 1.97; t (121) = 2.799, p = .003). CONCLUSION The study complements results of national and international studies showing that families with high levels of psychosocial burdens accept home visiting support. Furthermore, this support seems to be useful. An increase of the offer and the additional qualification is recommended for improving the developmental and living conditions of families with psychosocial burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Scharmanski
- 1 Nationales Zentrum Frühe Hilfen (NZFH), 7-1Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA), Köln
| | - Ilona Renner
- 1 Nationales Zentrum Frühe Hilfen (NZFH), 7-1Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung (BZgA), Köln
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Hohm E, Laucht M, Zohsel K, Schmidt MH, Esser G, Brandeis D, Banaschewski T. Resilienz und Ressourcen im Verlauf der Entwicklung. KINDHEIT UND ENTWICKLUNG 2017. [DOI: 10.1026/0942-5403/a000236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Anhand von Daten der Mannheimer Risikokinderstudie, die sich mit der langfristigen Entwicklung von Kindern mit unterschiedlichen Risikobelastungen beschäftigt, wird gezeigt, wie Schutzfaktoren aufseiten des Kindes und seines familiären Umfelds im Verlauf der Entwicklung wirksam werden und zur Entstehung von Resilienz beitragen können. Eine besondere Rolle kommt dabei positiven frühen Eltern-Kind-Beziehungen zu (sowohl Mutter- als auch Vater-Kind-Interaktionen). Daneben spielen auch Interaktionserfahrungen im Alter von zwei Jahren des Kindes eine bedeutsame Rolle; diese schützen Risikokinder davor, eine ungünstige Entwicklung zu nehmen und tragen dazu bei, dass sich Kinder, die in psychosozialen Hochrisikofamilien aufwachsen, trotz ungünstiger „Startbedingungen“ positiv entwickeln. Neben Merkmalen der sozialen Umwelt nehmen auch sprachliche, sozial-emotionale und internale Kompetenzen des Kindes im Entwicklungsverlauf eine wichtige Rolle ein. Diese Kompetenzen ermöglichen es Risikokindern auch unter widrigen Lebensumständen (psychosoziale Hochrisikofamilien, Aufwachsen in Armutsverhältnissen) erfolgreich zu bestehen. Darüber hinaus zeigt die Arbeit, dass Resilienz ein Persönlichkeitsmerkmal ist, das ab dem frühen Erwachsenenalter eine hohe Stabilität besitzt. Mit diesen Befunden verweist die Arbeit auf die große Bedeutung der Resilienz bei der Vorhersage der langfristigen Entwicklung von Risikokindern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Hohm
- Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim / Universität Heidelberg, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Mannheim
| | - Manfred Laucht
- Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim / Universität Heidelberg, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Mannheim
- Department Psychologie, Universität Potsdam
| | - Katrin Zohsel
- Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim / Universität Heidelberg, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Mannheim
| | - Martin H. Schmidt
- Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim / Universität Heidelberg, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Mannheim
| | | | - Daniel Brandeis
- Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim / Universität Heidelberg, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Mannheim
- Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik Zürich
- Zürcher Zentrum für Integrative Humanphysiologie, Universität Zürich
- Zentrum für Neurowissenschaften, Universität und ETH Zürich
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Zentralinstitut für Seelische Gesundheit, Medizinische Fakultät Mannheim / Universität Heidelberg, Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Mannheim
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12
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Freund JD, Linberg A, Weinert S. Einfluss eines schwierigen frühkindlichen Temperaments auf die Qualität der Mutter-Kind-Interaktion unter psychosozialen Risikolagen. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ENTWICKLUNGSPSYCHOLOGIE UND PADAGOGISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1026/0049-8637/a000181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Die Qualität frühkindlicher häuslicher Lernumwelt, insbesondere mütterlichen Interaktionsverhaltens, ist ein bedeutsamer Prädiktor kindlicher Entwicklung. Die Frage, ob diese Interaktionsqualität durch ein schwieriges Temperament des Kindes reduziert ist, wenn kumulierte Belastungsfaktoren ihre Bewältigungskapazitäten einschränken, wurde an 2190 Fällen der Startkohorte 1 des Nationalen Bildungspanels (NEPS) untersucht. Im häuslichen Kontext wurde die Interaktionsqualität über Videoaufnahmen halb-strukturierter Spielsituationen, die übrigen Variablen über computerunterstützte Elterninterviews erhoben, als die Kinder 6 – 8 Monate alt waren. Während in der Nichtrisikogruppe kein Einfluss auf die Interaktionsqualität festzustellen war, zeigte sich in der Risikogruppe (Kumulation von mindestens drei Belastungsfaktoren) ein deutlicher negativer Zusammenhang mit der Neigung des Kindes zu negativen Affektäußerungen, nicht jedoch mit dessen Regulierbarkeit. Negative Affektivität stellt daher besonders in ohnehin gefährdeten Gruppen ein Entwicklungsrisiko dar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-David Freund
- Lehrstuhl Psychologie I – Entwicklungspsychologie, Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg
| | - Anja Linberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Bildungsverläufe e.V. - Bamberg
| | - Sabine Weinert
- Lehrstuhl Psychologie I – Entwicklungspsychologie, Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg
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