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Vendemiatti E, Hernández-De Lira IO, Snijders R, Torne-Srivastava T, Therezan R, Simioni Prants G, Lopez-Ortiz C, Reddy UK, Bleeker P, Schenck CA, Peres LEP, Benedito VA. Woolly mutation with the Get02 locus overcomes the polygenic nature of trichome-based pest resistance in tomato. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:911-923. [PMID: 38466177 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Type-IV glandular trichomes, which only occur in the juvenile developmental phase of the cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), produce acylsugars that broadly protect against arthropod herbivory. Previously, we introgressed the capacity to retain type-IV trichomes in the adult phase from the wild tomato, Solanum galapagense, into the cultivated species cv. Micro-Tom (MT). The resulting MT-Galapagos enhanced trichome (MT-Get) introgression line contained 5 loci associated with enhancing the density of type-IV trichomes in adult plants. We genetically dissected MT-Get and obtained a subline containing only the locus on Chromosome 2 (MT-Get02). This genotype displayed about half the density of type-IV trichomes compared to the wild progenitor. However, when we stacked the gain-of-function allele of WOOLLY, which encodes a homeodomain leucine zipper IV transcription factor, Get02/Wo exhibited double the number of type-IV trichomes compared to S. galapagense. This discovery corroborates previous reports positioning WOOLLY as a master regulator of trichome development. Acylsugar levels in Get02/Wo were comparable to the wild progenitor, although the composition of acylsugar types differed, especially regarding fewer types with medium-length acyl chains. Agronomical parameters of Get02/Wo, including yield, were comparable to MT. Pest resistance assays showed enhanced protection against silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta), and the fungus Septoria lycopersici. However, resistance levels did not reach those of the wild progenitor, suggesting the specificity of acylsugar types in the pest resistance mechanism. Our findings in trichome-mediated resistance advance the development of robust, naturally resistant tomato varieties, harnessing the potential of natural genetic variation. Moreover, by manipulating only 2 loci, we achieved exceptional results for a highly complex, polygenic trait, such as herbivory resistance in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloisa Vendemiatti
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6108, USA
| | - Inty Omar Hernández-De Lira
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6108, USA
| | - Roxane Snijders
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, The University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1090 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Tanmayee Torne-Srivastava
- Department of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Rodrigo Therezan
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, The University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1090 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Gabriela Simioni Prants
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Lopez-Ortiz
- Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112-1000, USA
| | - Umesh K Reddy
- Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, WV 25112-1000, USA
| | - Petra Bleeker
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, The University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1090 GE, The Netherlands
| | - Craig A Schenck
- Department of Biochemistry, Interdisciplinary Plant Group, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Lázaro Eustáquio Pereira Peres
- Department of Biological Sciences, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Vagner Augusto Benedito
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, Davis College of Agriculture, Natural Resources, and Design, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-6108, USA
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Gebhardt C. A physical map of traits of agronomic importance based on potato and tomato genome sequences. Front Genet 2023; 14:1197206. [PMID: 37564870 PMCID: PMC10411547 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1197206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Potato, tomato, pepper, and eggplant are worldwide important crop and vegetable species of the Solanaceae family. Molecular linkage maps of these plants have been constructed and used to map qualitative and quantitative traits of agronomic importance. This research has been undertaken with the vision to identify the molecular basis of agronomic characters on the one hand, and on the other hand, to assist the selection of improved varieties in breeding programs by providing DNA-based markers that are diagnostic for specific agronomic characters. Since 2011, whole genome sequences of tomato and potato became available in public databases. They were used to combine the results of several hundred mapping and map-based cloning studies of phenotypic characters between 1988 and 2022 in physical maps of the twelve tomato and potato chromosomes. The traits evaluated were qualitative and quantitative resistance to pathogenic oomycetes, fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, and insects. Furthermore, quantitative trait loci for yield and sugar content of tomato fruits and potato tubers and maturity or earliness were physically mapped. Cloned genes for pathogen resistance, a few genes underlying quantitative trait loci for yield, sugar content, and maturity, and several hundred candidate genes for these traits were included in the physical maps. The comparison between the physical chromosome maps revealed, in addition to known intrachromosomal inversions, several additional inversions and translocations between the otherwise highly collinear tomato and potato genomes. The integration of the positional information from independent mapping studies revealed the colocalization of qualitative and quantitative loci for resistance to different types of pathogens, called resistance hotspots, suggesting a similar molecular basis. Synteny between potato and tomato with respect to genomic positions of quantitative trait loci was frequently observed, indicating eventual similarity between the underlying genes.
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Devi MG, Rustia DJA, Braat L, Swinkels K, Espinosa FF, van Marrewijk BM, Hemming J, Caarls L. Eggsplorer: a rapid plant-insect resistance determination tool using an automated whitefly egg quantification algorithm. PLANT METHODS 2023; 19:49. [PMID: 37210517 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-023-01027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A well-known method for evaluating plant resistance to insects is by measuring insect reproduction or oviposition. Whiteflies are vectors of economically important viral diseases and are, therefore, widely studied. In a common experiment, whiteflies are placed on plants using clip-on-cages, where they can lay hundreds of eggs on susceptible plants in a few days. When quantifying whitefly eggs, most researchers perform manual eye measurements using a stereomicroscope. Compared to other insect eggs, whitefly eggs are many and very tiny, usually 0.2 mm in length and 0.08 mm in width; therefore, this process takes a lot of time and effort with and without prior expert knowledge. Plant insect resistance experiments require multiple replicates from different plant accessions; therefore, an automated and rapid method for quantifying insect eggs can save time and human resources. RESULTS In this work, a novel automated tool for fast quantification of whitefly eggs is presented to accelerate the determination of plant insect resistance and susceptibility. Leaf images with whitefly eggs were collected from a commercial microscope and a custom-built imaging system. A deep learning-based object detection model was trained using the collected images. The model was incorporated into an automated whitefly egg quantification algorithm, deployed in a web-based application called Eggsplorer. Upon evaluation on a testing dataset, the algorithm was able to achieve a counting accuracy as high as 0.94, r2 of 0.99, and a counting error of ± 3 eggs relative to the actual number of eggs counted by eye. The automatically collected counting results were used to determine the resistance and susceptibility of several plant accessions and were found to yield significantly comparable results as when using the manually collected counts for analysis. CONCLUSION This is the first work that presents a comprehensive step-by-step method for fast determination of plant insect resistance and susceptibility with the assistance of an automated quantification tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micha Gracianna Devi
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Po Box 384, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Dan Jeric Arcega Rustia
- Greenhouse Horticulture and Flower Bulbs, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lize Braat
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Po Box 384, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kas Swinkels
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Po Box 384, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bart M van Marrewijk
- Greenhouse Horticulture and Flower Bulbs, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jochen Hemming
- Greenhouse Horticulture and Flower Bulbs, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Caarls
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University & Research, Po Box 384, 6700 AJ, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Mutschler MA, Kennedy GG, Ullman DE. Acylsugar-mediated resistance as part of a multilayered defense against thrips, orthotospoviruses, and beyond. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 56:101021. [PMID: 36925103 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Resistant varieties are critical tools for crop production, and single-resistance genes providing strong protection against pests or pathogens are deployed in agriculture. Durability of these traits is threatened by emergence of resistance-breaking pests and pathogens. This review focuses on acylsugar-mediated resistance in tomato. Wild tomatoes have type-IV trichomes that exude chemically complex mixtures of acylsugars altering behavior and suppressing multiple pest species, and with thrips and whiteflies (WF), suppressing virus transmission, for example, Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus and Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, respectively. Marker-assisted selection and bioassays led to development of advanced cultivated tomato breeding lines rich in acylsugar variations, allowing acylsugar-mediated resistance to be combined with other resistance traits providing a layered defense system that reduces pest populations and virus disease prevalence. This strategy also holds promise for enhancing durability of virus resistance genes by reducing the intensity of selection for resistance-breaking variants.
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D’Esposito D, Guadagno A, Amoroso CG, Cascone P, Cencetti G, Michelozzi M, Guerrieri E, Ercolano MR. Genomic and metabolic profiling of two tomato contrasting cultivars for tolerance to Tuta absoluta. PLANTA 2023; 257:47. [PMID: 36708391 PMCID: PMC9884263 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04073-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dissimilar patterns of variants affecting genes involved in response to herbivory, including those leading to difference in VOC production, were identified in tomato lines with contrasting response to Tuta absoluta. Tuta absoluta is one of the most destructive insect pest affecting tomato production, causing important yield losses both in open field and greenhouse. The selection of tolerant varieties to T. absoluta is one of the sustainable approaches to control this invasive leafminer. In this study, the genomic diversity of two tomato varieties, one tolerant and the other susceptible to T. absoluta infestation was explored, allowing us to identify chromosome regions with highly dissimilar pattern. Genes affected by potential functional variants were involved in several processes, including response to herbivory and secondary metabolism. A metabolic analysis for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was also performed, highlighting a difference in several classes of chemicals in the two genotypes. Taken together, these findings can aid tomato breeding programs aiming to develop tolerant plants to T. absoluta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela D’Esposito
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
| | - Anna Guadagno
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
| | - Ciro Gianmaria Amoroso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
| | - Pasquale Cascone
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
| | - Gabriele Cencetti
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI Italy
| | - Marco Michelozzi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI Italy
| | - Emilio Guerrieri
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, 80055 Portici, NA Italy
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Oyserman BO, Flores SS, Griffioen T, Pan X, van der Wijk E, Pronk L, Lokhorst W, Nurfikari A, Paulson JN, Movassagh M, Stopnisek N, Kupczok A, Cordovez V, Carrión VJ, Ligterink W, Snoek BL, Medema MH, Raaijmakers JM. Disentangling the genetic basis of rhizosphere microbiome assembly in tomato. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3228. [PMID: 35710629 PMCID: PMC9203511 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30849-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiomes play a pivotal role in plant growth and health, but the genetic factors involved in microbiome assembly remain largely elusive. Here, we map the molecular features of the rhizosphere microbiome as quantitative traits of a diverse hybrid population of wild and domesticated tomato. Gene content analysis of prioritized tomato quantitative trait loci suggests a genetic basis for differential recruitment of various rhizobacterial lineages, including a Streptomyces-associated 6.31 Mbp region harboring tomato domestication sweeps and encoding, among others, the iron regulator FIT and the water channel aquaporin SlTIP2.3. Within metagenome-assembled genomes of root-associated Streptomyces and Cellvibrio, we identify bacterial genes involved in metabolism of plant polysaccharides, iron, sulfur, trehalose, and vitamins, whose genetic variation associates with specific tomato QTLs. By integrating 'microbiomics' and quantitative plant genetics, we pinpoint putative plant and reciprocal rhizobacterial traits underlying microbiome assembly, thereby providing a first step towards plant-microbiome breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben O Oyserman
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Stalin Sarango Flores
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Thom Griffioen
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xinya Pan
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Elmar van der Wijk
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Pronk
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Lokhorst
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Azkia Nurfikari
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joseph N Paulson
- Department of Data Sciences, Genentech, Inc. South San Francisco, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mercedeh Movassagh
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Data Sciences Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nejc Stopnisek
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Kupczok
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Viviane Cordovez
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Víctor J Carrión
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wilco Ligterink
- Wageningen Seed Lab, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Basten L Snoek
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marnix H Medema
- Bioinformatics Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jos M Raaijmakers
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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7
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The Genetic Complexity of Type-IV Trichome Development Reveals the Steps towards an Insect-Resistant Tomato. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11101309. [PMID: 35631734 PMCID: PMC9148003 DOI: 10.3390/plants11101309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The leaves of the wild tomato Solanum galapagense harbor type-IV glandular trichomes (GT) that produce high levels of acylsugars (AS), conferring insect resistance. Conversely, domesticated tomatoes (S. lycopersicum) lack type-IV trichomes on the leaves of mature plants, preventing high AS production, thus rendering the plants more vulnerable to insect predation. We hypothesized that cultivated tomatoes engineered to harbor type-IV trichomes on the leaves of adult plants could be insect-resistant. We introgressed the genetic determinants controlling type-IV trichome development from S. galapagense into cv. Micro-Tom (MT) and created a line named “Galapagos-enhanced trichomes” (MT-Get). Mapping-by-sequencing revealed that five chromosomal regions of S. galapagense were present in MT-Get. Further genetic mapping showed that S. galapagense alleles in chromosomes 1, 2, and 3 were sufficient for the presence of type-IV trichomes on adult organs but at lower densities. Metabolic and gene expression analyses demonstrated that type-IV trichome density was not accompanied by the AS production and exudation in MT-Get. Although the plants produce a significant amount of acylsugars, those are still not enough to make them resistant to whiteflies. We demonstrate that type-IV glandular trichome development is insufficient for high AS accumulation. The results from our study provided additional insights into the steps necessary for breeding an insect-resistant tomato.
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8
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Zhou 周绍群 S, Jander G. Molecular ecology of plant volatiles in interactions with insect herbivores. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:449-462. [PMID: 34581787 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play pivotal roles in interactions with insect herbivores. Individual VOCs can be directly toxic or deterrent, serve as signal molecules to attract natural enemies, and/or be perceived by distal plant tissues as a priming signal to prepare for expected herbivory. Environmental conditions, as well as the specific plant-insect interaction being investigated, strongly influence the observed functions of VOC blends. The complexity of plant-insect chemical communication via VOCs is further enriched by the sophisticated molecular perception mechanisms of insects, which can respond to one or more VOCs and thereby influence insect behavior in a manner that has yet to be fully elucidated. Despite numerous gaps in the current understanding of VOC-mediated plant-insect interactions, successful pest management strategies such as push-pull systems, synthetic odorant traps, and crop cultivars with modified VOC profiles have been developed to supplement chemical pesticide applications and enable more sustainable agricultural practices. Future studies in this field would benefit from examining the responses of both plants and insects in the same experiment to gain a more complete view of these interactive systems. Furthermore, a molecular evolutionary study of key genetic elements of the ecological interaction phenotypes could provide new insights into VOC-mediated plant communication with insect herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqun Zhou 周绍群
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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9
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Balestrini R, Brunetti C, Cammareri M, Caretto S, Cavallaro V, Cominelli E, De Palma M, Docimo T, Giovinazzo G, Grandillo S, Locatelli F, Lumini E, Paolo D, Patanè C, Sparvoli F, Tucci M, Zampieri E. Strategies to Modulate Specialized Metabolism in Mediterranean Crops: From Molecular Aspects to Field. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062887. [PMID: 33809189 PMCID: PMC7999214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant specialized metabolites (SMs) play an important role in the interaction with the environment and are part of the plant defense response. These natural products are volatile, semi-volatile and non-volatile compounds produced from common building blocks deriving from primary metabolic pathways and rapidly evolved to allow a better adaptation of plants to environmental cues. Specialized metabolites include terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, glucosinolates, tannins, resins, etc. that can be used as phytochemicals, food additives, flavoring agents and pharmaceutical compounds. This review will be focused on Mediterranean crop plants as a source of SMs, with a special attention on the strategies that can be used to modulate their production, including abiotic stresses, interaction with beneficial soil microorganisms and novel genetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Balestrini
- National Research Council (CNR)-Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), Viale Mattioli 25 and Strada delle Cacce 73, 10125 and 10135 Torino, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (C.B.); (E.L.); (E.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-01165-02927
| | - Cecilia Brunetti
- National Research Council (CNR)-Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), Viale Mattioli 25 and Strada delle Cacce 73, 10125 and 10135 Torino, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (C.B.); (E.L.); (E.Z.)
| | - Maria Cammareri
- CNR-Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (M.D.P.); (T.D.); (S.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Sofia Caretto
- CNR-Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (S.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Valeria Cavallaro
- CNR-Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (V.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Eleonora Cominelli
- CNR-Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.C.); (F.L.); (D.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Monica De Palma
- CNR-Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (M.D.P.); (T.D.); (S.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Teresa Docimo
- CNR-Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (M.D.P.); (T.D.); (S.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Giovanna Giovinazzo
- CNR-Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (S.C.); (G.G.)
| | - Silvana Grandillo
- CNR-Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (M.D.P.); (T.D.); (S.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Franca Locatelli
- CNR-Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.C.); (F.L.); (D.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Erica Lumini
- National Research Council (CNR)-Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), Viale Mattioli 25 and Strada delle Cacce 73, 10125 and 10135 Torino, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (C.B.); (E.L.); (E.Z.)
| | - Dario Paolo
- CNR-Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.C.); (F.L.); (D.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Cristina Patanè
- CNR-Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), Via Paolo Gaifami, 18, 95126 Catania, Italy; (V.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Francesca Sparvoli
- CNR-Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Via Edoardo Bassini 15, 20133 Milan, Italy; (E.C.); (F.L.); (D.P.); (F.S.)
| | - Marina Tucci
- CNR-Institute of Bioscience and Bioresources (IBBR), Via Università 133, 80055 Portici, Italy; (M.C.); (M.D.P.); (T.D.); (S.G.); (M.T.)
| | - Elisa Zampieri
- National Research Council (CNR)-Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP), Viale Mattioli 25 and Strada delle Cacce 73, 10125 and 10135 Torino, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (C.B.); (E.L.); (E.Z.)
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10
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Zabel S, Brandt W, Porzel A, Athmer B, Bennewitz S, Schäfer P, Kortbeek R, Bleeker P, Tissier A. A single cytochrome P450 oxidase from Solanum habrochaites sequentially oxidizes 7-epi-zingiberene to derivatives toxic to whiteflies and various microorganisms. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:1309-1325. [PMID: 33617106 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Secretions from glandular trichomes potentially protect plants against a variety of aggressors. In the tomato clade of the Solanum genus, glandular trichomes of wild species produce a rich source of chemical diversity at the leaf surface. Previously, 7-epi-zingiberene produced in several accessions of Solanum habrochaites was found to confer resistance to whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) and other insect pests. Here, we report the identification and characterisation of 9-hydroxy-zingiberene (9HZ) and 9-hydroxy-10,11-epoxyzingiberene (9H10epoZ), two derivatives of 7-epi-zingiberene produced in glandular trichomes of S. habrochaites LA2167. Using a combination of transcriptomics and genetics, we identified a gene coding for a cytochrome P450 oxygenase, ShCYP71D184, that is highly expressed in trichomes and co-segregates with the presence of the zingiberene derivatives. Transient expression assays in Nicotiana benthamiana showed that ShCYP71D184 carries out two successive oxidations to generate 9HZ and 9H10epoZ. Bioactivity assays showed that 9-hydroxy-10,11-epoxyzingiberene in particular exhibits substantial toxicity against B. tabaci and various microorganisms including Phytophthora infestans and Botrytis cinerea. Our work shows that trichome secretions from wild tomato species can provide protection against a wide variety of organisms. In addition, the availability of the genes encoding the enzymes for the pathway of 7-epi-zingiberene derivatives makes it possible to introduce this trait in cultivated tomato by precision breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Zabel
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle, 06120, Germany
- IDT Biologika Deutschland, Am Pharmapark, Dessau-Rosslau, 06861, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Brandt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle, 06120, Germany
| | - Andrea Porzel
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle, 06120, Germany
| | - Benedikt Athmer
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle, 06120, Germany
| | - Stefan Bennewitz
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle, 06120, Germany
| | - Petra Schäfer
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle, 06120, Germany
| | - Ruy Kortbeek
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Bleeker
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Green Life Sciences Research Cluster, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, 1098 XH, The Netherlands
| | - Alain Tissier
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, Halle, 06120, Germany
- VERROVACCiNES GmbH, Blücherstraße 26, Halle (Saale), 06120, Germany
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11
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Mata-Nicolás E, Montero-Pau J, Gimeno-Paez E, García-Pérez A, Ziarsolo P, Blanca J, van der Knaap E, Díez MJ, Cañizares J. Discovery of a Major QTL Controlling Trichome IV Density in Tomato Using K-Seq Genotyping. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:243. [PMID: 33567670 PMCID: PMC7915031 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichomes are a common morphological defense against pests, in particular, type IV glandular trichomes have been associated with resistance against different invertebrates. Cultivated tomatoes usually lack or have a very low density of type IV trichomes. Therefore, for sustainable management of this crop, breeding programs could incorporate some natural defense mechanisms, such as those afforded by trichomes, present in certain Solanum species. We have identified a S. pimpinellifolium accession with very high density of this type of trichomes. This accession was crossed with a S. lycopersicum var. cerasiforme and a S. lycopersicum var. lycopersicum accessions, and the two resulting F2 populations have been characterized and genotyped using a new genotyping methodology, K-seq. We have been able to build an ultra-dense genetic map with 147,326 SNP markers with an average distance between markers of 0.2 cm that has allowed us to perform a detailed mapping. We have used two different families and two different approaches, QTL mapping and QTL-seq, to identify several QTLs implicated in the control of trichome type IV developed in this accession on the chromosomes 5, 6, 9 and 11. The QTL located on chromosome 9 is a major QTL that has not been previously reported in S. pimpinellifolium. This QTL could be easily introgressed in cultivated tomato due to the close genetic relationship between both species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Mata-Nicolás
- Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, COMAV, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (E.M.-N.); (E.G.-P.); (A.G.-P.); (P.Z.); (J.B.); (M.J.D.)
| | - Javier Montero-Pau
- Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Spain;
| | - Esther Gimeno-Paez
- Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, COMAV, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (E.M.-N.); (E.G.-P.); (A.G.-P.); (P.Z.); (J.B.); (M.J.D.)
| | - Ana García-Pérez
- Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, COMAV, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (E.M.-N.); (E.G.-P.); (A.G.-P.); (P.Z.); (J.B.); (M.J.D.)
| | - Peio Ziarsolo
- Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, COMAV, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (E.M.-N.); (E.G.-P.); (A.G.-P.); (P.Z.); (J.B.); (M.J.D.)
| | - José Blanca
- Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, COMAV, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (E.M.-N.); (E.G.-P.); (A.G.-P.); (P.Z.); (J.B.); (M.J.D.)
| | - Esther van der Knaap
- Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - María José Díez
- Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, COMAV, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (E.M.-N.); (E.G.-P.); (A.G.-P.); (P.Z.); (J.B.); (M.J.D.)
| | - Joaquín Cañizares
- Instituto Universitario de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, COMAV, Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 Valencia, Spain; (E.M.-N.); (E.G.-P.); (A.G.-P.); (P.Z.); (J.B.); (M.J.D.)
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12
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Rodríguez-López MJ, Moriones E, Fernández-Muñoz R. An Acylsucrose-Producing Tomato Line Derived from the Wild Species Solanum pimpinellifolium Decreases Fitness of the Whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11090616. [PMID: 32917019 PMCID: PMC7564115 DOI: 10.3390/insects11090616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum is an insect pest of many plant crops including tomato and is especially harmful because it is a vector for a number of plant viral diseases. In this paper, an improved tomato line bred to produce glandular trichomes that exudate the deterrent compounds acylsucroses, which was introgressed from a wild tomato species, was demonstrated to decrease fitness of the insect and showed as a means for controlling the pests and, indirectly, could be an aid to reduce virus transmission to tomato plants. Abstract A combination of biological control and host plant resistance would be desirable for optimally controlling the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum in tomato crops. Whitefly settlement preference, oviposition, and survivorship were evaluated on ABL 10-4 and ‘Moneymaker’, two nearly-isogenic tomato lines with, and without, whitefly-resistance traits based on type IV leaf glandular trichomes derived from the tomato wild species Solanum pimpinellifolium, respectively. Significantly reduced preference of T. vaporariorum adult whiteflies for ABL 10-4 leaves was observed. Moreover, T. vaporariorum altered its abaxial–adaxial settling performance on leaves of ABL 10-4 plants. A significantly lower tendency to settle on abaxial leaf surface was observed in ABL 10-4 compared to Moneymaker plants. Furthermore, T. vaporariorum deposited fewer eggs and exhibited a significantly reduced egg to adult survivorship in ABL 10-4 than in Moneymaker plants. Therefore, reduced fitness and distorted performance were observed for T. vaporariorum on ABL 10-4 tomato plants supporting that type IV leaf glandular trichomes might protect them from this pest and, indirectly, from the viruses it transmits.
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13
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Chalvin C, Drevensek S, Dron M, Bendahmane A, Boualem A. Genetic Control of Glandular Trichome Development. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:477-487. [PMID: 31983619 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Plant glandular trichomes are epidermal secretory structures producing various specialized metabolites. These metabolites are involved in plant adaptation to its environment and many of them have remarkable properties exploited by fragrance, flavor, and pharmaceutical industries. The identification of genes controlling glandular trichome development is of high interest to understand how plants produce specialized metabolites. Our knowledge about this developmental process is still limited, but genes controlling glandular trichome initiation and morphogenesis have recently been identified. In particular, R2R3-MYB and HD-ZIP IV transcription factors appear to play essential roles in glandular trichome initiation in Artemisia annua and tomato. In this review, we focus on the results obtained in these two species and we propose genetic regulation models integrating these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Chalvin
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Stéphanie Drevensek
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Michel Dron
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Abdelhafid Bendahmane
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Adnane Boualem
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, CNRS, Univ Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91405, Orsay, France.
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14
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Sun S, Wang X, Wang K, Cui X. Dissection of complex traits of tomato in the post-genome era. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:1763-1776. [PMID: 31745578 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03478-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present the main advances of dissection of complex traits in tomato by omics, the genes identified to control complex traits and the application of CRISPR/Cas9 in tomato breeding. Complex traits are believed to be under the control of multiple genes, each with different effects and interaction with environmental factors. Advance development of sequencing and molecular technologies has enabled the recognition of the genomic structure of most organisms and the identification of a nearly limitless number of markers that have made it to accelerate the speed of QTL identification and gene cloning. Meanwhile, multiomics have been used to identify the genetic variations among different tomato species, determine the expression profiles of genes in different tissues and at distinct developmental stages, and detect metabolites in different pathways and processes. The combination of these data facilitates to reveal mechanism underlying complex traits. Moreover, mutants generated by mutagens and genome editing provide relatively rich genetic variation for deciphering the complex traits and exploiting them in tomato breeding. In this article, we present the main advances of complex trait dissection in tomato by omics since the release of the tomato genome sequence in 2012. We provide further insight into some tomato complex traits because of the causal genetic variations discovered so far and explore the utilization of CRISPR/Cas9 for the modification of tomato complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaotian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ketao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xia Cui
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops of the Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
- Sino-Dutch Joint Laboratory of Horticultural Genomics, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Schuurink R, Tissier A. Glandular trichomes: micro-organs with model status? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:2251-2266. [PMID: 31651036 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Glandular trichomes are epidermal outgrowths that are the site of biosynthesis and storage of large quantities of specialized metabolites. Besides their role in the protection of plants against biotic and abiotic stresses, they have attracted interest owing to the importance of the compounds they produce for human use; for example, as pharmaceuticals, flavor and fragrance ingredients, or pesticides. Here, we review what novel concepts investigations on glandular trichomes have brought to the field of specialized metabolism, particularly with respect to chemical and enzymatic diversity. Furthermore, the next challenges in the field are understanding the metabolic network underlying the high productivity of glandular trichomes and the transport and storage of metabolites. Another emerging area is the development of glandular trichomes. Studies in some model species, essentially tomato, tobacco, and Artemisia, are now providing the first molecular clues, but many open questions remain: How is the distribution and density of different trichome types on the leaf surface controlled? When is the decision for an epidermal cell to differentiate into one type of trichome or another taken? Recent advances in gene editing make it now possible to address these questions and promise exciting discoveries in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schuurink
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Green Life Science Research Cluster, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 1210, 1000 BE, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alain Tissier
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
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16
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Ferreira RCU, Lara LADC, Chiari L, Barrios SCL, do Valle CB, Valério JR, Torres FZV, Garcia AAF, de Souza AP. Genetic Mapping With Allele Dosage Information in Tetraploid Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R. D. Webster Reveals Insights Into Spittlebug ( Notozulia entreriana Berg) Resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:92. [PMID: 30873183 PMCID: PMC6401981 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R. D. Webster is one of the most important African forage grasses in Brazilian beef production. Currently available genetic-genomic resources for this species are restricted mainly due to polyploidy and apomixis. Therefore, crucial genomic-molecular studies such as the construction of genetic maps and the mapping of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) are very challenging and consequently affect the advancement of molecular breeding. The objectives of this work were to (i) construct an integrated U. decumbens genetic map for a full-sibling progeny using GBS-based markers with allele dosage information, (ii) detect QTLs for spittlebug (Notozulia entreriana) resistance, and (iii) seek putative candidate genes involved in defense against biotic stresses. We used the Setaria viridis genome a reference to align GBS reads and selected 4,240 high-quality SNP markers with allele dosage information. Of these markers, 1,000 were distributed throughout nine homologous groups with a cumulative map length of 1,335.09 cM and an average marker density of 1.33 cM. We detected QTLs for resistance to spittlebug, an important pasture insect pest, that explained between 4.66 and 6.24% of the phenotypic variation. These QTLs are in regions containing putative candidate genes related to defense against biotic stresses. Because this is the first genetic map with SNP autotetraploid dosage data and QTL detection in U. decumbens, it will be useful for future evolutionary studies, genome assembly, and other QTL analyses in Urochloa spp. Moreover, the results might facilitate the isolation of spittlebug-related candidate genes and help clarify the mechanism of spittlebug resistance. These approaches will improve selection efficiency and accuracy in U. decumbens molecular breeding and shorten the breeding cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lucimara Chiari
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Raul Valério
- Embrapa Beef Cattle, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | | | - Anete Pereira de Souza
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- Plant Biology Department, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Anete Pereira de Souza,
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Teh SL, Rostandy B, Awale M, Luby JJ, Fennell A, Hegeman AD. Genetic analysis of stilbenoid profiles in grapevine stems reveals a major mQTL hotspot on chromosome 18 associated with disease-resistance motifs. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:121. [PMID: 31728196 PMCID: PMC6838171 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis spp.) contains a wealth of phytochemicals that have received considerable attention due to health-promoting properties and biological activities as phytoalexins. To date, the genetic basis of the quantitative variations for these potentially beneficial compounds has been limited. Here, metabolic quantitative trait locus (mQTL) mapping was conducted using grapevine stems of a segregating F2 population. Metabolic profiling of grapevine stems was performed using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), resulting in the detection of 1317 ions/features. In total, 19 of these features matched with literature-reported stilbenoid masses and were genetically mapped using a 1449-SNP linkage map and R/qtl software, resulting in the identification of four mQTLs. Two large-effect mQTLs that corresponded to a stilbenoid dimer and a trimer were mapped on chromosome 18, accounting for phenotypic variances of 29.0% and 38.4%. Functional annotations of these large-effect mQTLs on the VitisNet network database revealed a major hotspot of disease-resistance motifs on chromosome 18. This 2.8-Mbp region contains 48 genes with R-gene motifs, including variants of TIR, NBS, and LRR, that might potentially confer resistance to powdery mildew, downy mildew, or other pathogens. The locus also encompasses genes associated with flavonoid and biosynthetic pathways that are likely involved in the production of secondary metabolites, including phytoalexins. In addition, haplotype dosage effects of the five mQTLs further characterized the genomic regions for differential production of stilbenoids that can be applied in resistance breeding through manipulation of stilbenoid production in planta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon L. Teh
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108 USA
- Present Address: Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Department of Horticulture, Washington State University, Wenatchee, WA 98801 USA
| | - Bety Rostandy
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108 USA
- Present Address: Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of North Carolina, Greensboro, NC 27412 USA
| | - Mani Awale
- Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 USA
- Present Address: Grape and Wine Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - James J. Luby
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Anne Fennell
- Agronomy, Horticulture and Plant Science Department, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007 USA
| | - Adrian D. Hegeman
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108 USA
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