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Yu Y, Wang M, Chen R, Sun X, Sun G, Sun X. Gypenoside XVII protects against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury by inhibiting ER stress-induced mitochondrial injury. J Ginseng Res 2021; 45:642-653. [PMID: 34764719 PMCID: PMC8569261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2019.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Effective strategies are dramatically needed to prevent and improve the recovery from myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury. Direct interactions between the mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during heart diseases have been recently investigated. This study was designed to explore the cardioprotective effects of gypenoside XVII (GP-17) against I/R injury. The roles of ER stress, mitochondrial injury, and their crosstalk within I/R injury and in GP-17–induced cardioprotection are also explored. Methods Cardiac contractility function was recorded in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts. The effects of GP-17 on mitochondrial function including mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, reactive oxygen species production, and respiratory function were determined using fluorescence detection kits on mitochondria isolated from the rat hearts. H9c2 cardiomyocytes were used to explore the effects of GP-17 on hypoxia/reoxygenation. Results We found that GP-17 inhibits myocardial apoptosis, reduces cardiac dysfunction, and improves contractile recovery in rat hearts. Our results also demonstrate that apoptosis induced by I/R is predominantly mediated by ER stress and associated with mitochondrial injury. Moreover, the cardioprotective effects of GP-17 are controlled by the PI3K/AKT and P38 signaling pathways. Conclusion GP-17 inhibits I/R-induced mitochondrial injury by delaying the onset of ER stress through the PI3K/AKT and P38 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of new drug discovery based on Classic Chinese medicine prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of the efficacy evaluation of Chinese Medicine against glycolipid metabolism disorder disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of new drug discovery based on Classic Chinese medicine prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of the efficacy evaluation of Chinese Medicine against glycolipid metabolism disorder disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rongchang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of new drug discovery based on Classic Chinese medicine prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of the efficacy evaluation of Chinese Medicine against glycolipid metabolism disorder disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of new drug discovery based on Classic Chinese medicine prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of the efficacy evaluation of Chinese Medicine against glycolipid metabolism disorder disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of new drug discovery based on Classic Chinese medicine prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of the efficacy evaluation of Chinese Medicine against glycolipid metabolism disorder disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of new drug discovery based on Classic Chinese medicine prescription, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of the efficacy evaluation of Chinese Medicine against glycolipid metabolism disorder disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Polyelectrolytes Formulated with Primary Unconjugated Bile Acid Optimised Pharmacology of Bio-Engineered Implant. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101713. [PMID: 34684006 PMCID: PMC8538409 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Several studies have shown that different biomaterials and hydrogels comprising various bile acids such as chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), as well as excipients such as poly-(styrene)-sulphonate (PSS) and poly-(allyl)-amine (PAA), exhibited positive biological effects on encapsulated viable pancreatic β-cells. Hence, this study aimed to investigate whether incorporating CDCA with PSS and PAA will optimise the functions of encapsulated pancreatic islets post-transplantation in Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods. Mice were made T1D, divided into two equal groups, and transplanted with encapsulated islets in PSS-PAA (control) or with CDCA-PSS-PAA (treatment) microcapsules. The effects of transplanted microcapsules on blood glucose, inflammation and the bile acid profile were measured post-transplantation. Results and Conclusion. Compared with control, the treatment group showed better survival rate, improved glycaemic control, and lower inflammatory profile, illustrated by ↓ interleukin 1-β, interleukin-6, interleukin-12, and tumour-necrosis factor-α, and ↓ levels of the bile acid, as well as lithocholic acid in the plasma, liver, large intestine and faeces. The results suggest that CDCA incorporation with PSS-PAA microcapsules exerted beneficial effects on encapsulated islets and resulted in enhanced diabetes treatment, post-transplantation, at the local and systemic levels.
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3
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Chiu YH, Lin SCA, Kuo CH, Li CJ. Molecular Machinery and Pathophysiology of Mitochondrial Dynamics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:743892. [PMID: 34604240 PMCID: PMC8484900 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.743892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are double-membraned organelles that exhibit fluidity. They are the main site of cellular aerobic respiration, providing energy for cell proliferation, migration, and survival; hence, they are called "powerhouses." Mitochondria play an important role in biological processes such as cell death, cell senescence, autophagy, lipid synthesis, calcium homeostasis, and iron balance. Fission and fusion are active processes that require many specialized proteins, including mechanical enzymes that physically alter mitochondrial membranes, and interface proteins that regulate the interaction of these mechanical proteins with organelles. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial fusion, fission, and physiopathology, emphasizing the biological significance of mitochondrial morphology and dynamics. In particular, the regulatory mechanisms of mitochondria-related genes and proteins in animal cells are discussed, as well as research trends in mitochondrial dynamics, providing a theoretical reference for future mitochondrial research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Han Chiu
- Department of Microbiology, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chuan Amy Lin
- Department of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan
- School of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsin Kuo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jung Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Javeed N, Her TK, Brown MR, Vanderboom P, Rakshit K, Egan AM, Vella A, Lanza I, Matveyenko AV. Pro-inflammatory β cell small extracellular vesicles induce β cell failure through activation of the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis in diabetes. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109613. [PMID: 34433033 PMCID: PMC8420815 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordinated communication among pancreatic islet cells is necessary for maintenance of glucose homeostasis. In diabetes, chronic exposure to pro-inflammatory cytokines has been shown to perturb β cell communication and function. Compelling evidence has implicated extracellular vesicles (EVs) in modulating physiological and pathological responses to β cell stress. We report that pro-inflammatory β cell small EVs (cytokine-exposed EVs [cytoEVs]) induce β cell dysfunction, promote a pro-inflammatory islet transcriptome, and enhance recruitment of CD8+ T cells and macrophages. Proteomic analysis of cytoEVs shows enrichment of the chemokine CXCL10, with surface topological analysis depicting CXCL10 as membrane bound on cytoEVs to facilitate direct binding to CXCR3 receptors on the surface of β cells. CXCR3 receptor inhibition reduced CXCL10-cytoEV binding and attenuated β cell dysfunction, inflammatory gene expression, and leukocyte recruitment to islets. This work implies a significant role of pro-inflammatory β cell-derived small EVs in modulating β cell function, global gene expression, and antigen presentation through activation of the CXCL10/CXCR3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naureen Javeed
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Tracy K Her
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Matthew R Brown
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Patrick Vanderboom
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kuntol Rakshit
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Aoife M Egan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Adrian Vella
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ian Lanza
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Aleksey V Matveyenko
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Suetomi R, Ohta Y, Akiyama M, Matsumura T, Taguchi A, Yamamoto K, Kamatani T, Tanizawa Y. Adrenomedullin has a cytoprotective role against endoplasmic reticulum stress for pancreatic β-cells in autocrine and paracrine manners. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:823-833. [PMID: 31989791 PMCID: PMC7378419 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS/INTRODUCTION Pancreatic β-cells are sensitive to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which has a major role in the context of β-cell death. Adrenomedullin (ADM) has been shown to exert a cytoprotective effect under various pathophysiological conditions. Several studies have suggested that thiazolidinediones have protective effects on β-cells. During the course to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which pioglitazone prevents β-cell death, ADM emerged as a candidate. Here, we studied the regulation of ADM expression, including the effects of pioglitazone, and its role in pancreatic islets. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed ADM expression in islet cell lines treated with pioglitazone. The effects of ER stress on ADM and ADM receptor expressions were investigated by analyzing thapsigargin-treated MIN6 cells and islets isolated from Wfs1-/- and db/db mice. To study the anti-apoptotic effect of ADM, ER stress-exposed MIN6 cells were treated with ADM peptides or transfected with ADM expression plasmid. RESULTS Pioglitazone increased the production and secretion of ADM in islets through peroxisome-proliferator activated receptor-γ-dependent mechanisms. Thapsigargin treatment increased expressions of both ADM and ADM receptor, composed of Ramp2, Ramp3 and Crlr, in MIN6 cells. ADM and ADM receptor expressions were also increased in isolated islets from Wfs1-/- and db/db mice. ADM peptides and ADM overexpression protected MIN6 cells from thapsigargin-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS ER stress stimulates ADM production and secretion in islets. ADM signaling might protect β-cells from ER stress-induced apoptosis, and might be one of the self-protective mechanisms. β-Cell protection by pioglitazone is partly through induction of ADM. ADM-based therapy could be a novel strategy for treating diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Suetomi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Science and TherapeuticsDepartment of Bio‐Signal AnalysisGraduate School of MedicineYamaguchi UniversityUbeJapan
| | - Yasuharu Ohta
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Science and TherapeuticsDepartment of Bio‐Signal AnalysisGraduate School of MedicineYamaguchi UniversityUbeJapan
- Department of Diabetes ResearchSchool of MedicineYamaguchi UniversityUbeJapan
| | - Masaru Akiyama
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Science and TherapeuticsDepartment of Bio‐Signal AnalysisGraduate School of MedicineYamaguchi UniversityUbeJapan
| | - Takuro Matsumura
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Science and TherapeuticsDepartment of Bio‐Signal AnalysisGraduate School of MedicineYamaguchi UniversityUbeJapan
| | - Akihiko Taguchi
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Science and TherapeuticsDepartment of Bio‐Signal AnalysisGraduate School of MedicineYamaguchi UniversityUbeJapan
| | - Kaoru Yamamoto
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Science and TherapeuticsDepartment of Bio‐Signal AnalysisGraduate School of MedicineYamaguchi UniversityUbeJapan
| | - Takashi Kamatani
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Science and TherapeuticsDepartment of Bio‐Signal AnalysisGraduate School of MedicineYamaguchi UniversityUbeJapan
| | - Yukio Tanizawa
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, Hematological Science and TherapeuticsDepartment of Bio‐Signal AnalysisGraduate School of MedicineYamaguchi UniversityUbeJapan
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Trojanowski BM, Salem HH, Neubauer H, Simon E, Wagner M, Dorajoo R, Boehm BO, Labriola L, Wirth T, Baumann B. Elevated β-cell stress levels promote severe diabetes development in mice with MODY4. J Endocrinol 2020; 244:323-337. [PMID: 31682591 PMCID: PMC6933809 DOI: 10.1530/joe-19-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a group of monogenetic forms of diabetes mellitus caused by mutations in genes regulating β-cell development and function. MODY represents a heterogeneous group of non-insulin-dependent diabetes arising in childhood or adult life. Interestingly, clinical heterogeneity in MODY patients like variable disease onset and severity is observed even among individual family members sharing the same mutation, an issue that is not well understood. As high blood glucose levels are a well-known factor promoting β-cell stress and ultimately leading to cell death, we asked whether additional β-cell stress might account for the occurrence of disease heterogeneity in mice carrying a MODY4 mutation. In order to challenge β-cells, we established a MODY4 animal model based on Pdx1 (pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1) haploinsufficiency, which allows conditional modulation of cell stress by genetic inhibition of the stress-responsive IKK/NF-κB signalling pathway. While Pdx1+/- mice were found glucose intolerant without progressing to diabetes, additional challenge of β-cell function by IKK/NF-κB inhibition promoted rapid diabetes development showing hyperglycaemia, hypoinsulinemia and loss of β-cell mass. Disease pathogenesis was characterized by deregulation of genes controlling β-cell homeostasis and function. Importantly, restoration of normal IKK/NF-κB signalling reverted the diabetic phenotype including normalization of glycaemia and β-cell mass. Our findings implicate that the avoidance of additional β-cell stress can delay a detrimental disease progression in MODY4 diabetes. Remarkably, an already present diabetic phenotype can be reversed when β-cell stress is normalized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heba H Salem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Faculty of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heike Neubauer
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Eric Simon
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Martin Wagner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Lee Kong Chiang School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Leticia Labriola
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thomas Wirth
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernd Baumann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Correspondence should be addressed to B Baumann:
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Castro I, Albornoz N, Aguilera S, Barrera MJ, González S, Núñez M, Carvajal P, Jara D, Lagos C, Molina C, Urzúa U, Hermoso MA, González MJ. Aberrant MUC1 accumulation in salivary glands of Sjögren’s syndrome patients is reversed by TUDCA in vitro. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2019; 59:742-753. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Xerostomia in SS patients has been associated with low quality and quantity of salivary mucins, which are fundamental for the hydration and protection of the oral mucosa. The aim of this study was to evaluate if cytokines induce aberrant mucin expression and whether tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) is able to counteract such an anomaly.
Methods
Labial salivary glands from 16 SS patients and 15 control subjects, as well as 3D acini or human submandibular gland cells stimulated with TNF-α or IFN-γ and co-incubated with TUDCA, were analysed. mRNA and protein levels of Mucin 1 (MUC1) and MUC7 were determined by RT-qPCR and western blot, respectively. Co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence assays for mucins and GRP78 [an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident protein] were also performed. mRNA levels of RelA/p65 (nuclear factor-κB subunit), TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, SEL1L and EDEM1 were determined by RT-qPCR, and RelA/p65 localization was evaluated by immunofluorescence.
Results
MUC1 is overexpressed and accumulated in the ER of labial salivary gland from SS patients, while MUC7 accumulates throughout the cytoplasm of acinar cells; however, MUC1, but not MUC7, co-precipitated with GRP78. TUDCA diminished the overexpression and aberrant accumulation of MUC1 induced by TNF-α and IFN-γ, as well as the nuclear translocation of RelA/p65, together with the expression of inflammatory and ER stress markers in 3D acini.
Conclusion
Chronic inflammation alters the secretory process of MUC1, inducing ER stress and affecting the quality of saliva in SS patients. TUDCA showed anti-inflammatory properties decreasing aberrant MUC1 accumulation. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the potential therapeutic effect of TUDCA in restoring glandular homeostasis in SS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicolás Albornoz
- Programa de Biología Celular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Aguilera
- Departamento de Reumatología, Clínica INDISA, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Sergio González
- Escuela de Odontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matilde Núñez
- Programa de Biología Celular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Carvajal
- Programa de Biología Celular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Jara
- Programa de Biología Celular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Lagos
- Programa de Biología Celular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Molina
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ulises Urzúa
- Departamento de Oncología Básico-Clínico y, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela A Hermoso
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas (ICBM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - María-Julieta González
- Programa de Biología Celular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Khan S, Komarya SK, Jena G. Phenylbutyrate and β-cell function: contribution of histone deacetylases and ER stress inhibition. Epigenomics 2017; 9:711-720. [PMID: 28470097 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Incidences of diabetes are increasing globally due to involvement of genetic and epigenetic factors. Phenylbutyrate (PBA) is a US FDA approved drug for treatment of urea cycle disorder in children. PBA reduces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and is proven as a potent histone deacetylases (HDACs) inhibitor. Chronic ER stress results in unfolding protein response, which triggers apoptosis. Abnormal ER homoeostasis is responsible for defective processing of several genes/proteins and contributes to β-cell death/failure. Accumulated evidences indicated that HDACs modulate key biochemical pathways and HDAC inhibitors improve β-cell function and insulin resistance by modulating multiple targets. This review highlights the role of PBA on β-cell functions, insulin resistance for possible treatment of diabetes through inhibition of ER stress and HDACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabbir Khan
- Facility for Risk Assessment & Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Sector-67, SAS Nagar, Punjab-160062, India
| | - Sandeep K Komarya
- Facility for Risk Assessment & Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Sector-67, SAS Nagar, Punjab-160062, India
| | - Gopabandhu Jena
- Facility for Risk Assessment & Intervention Studies, Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Sector-67, SAS Nagar, Punjab-160062, India
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Jian L, Lu Y, Lu S, Lu C. Chemical Chaperone 4-Phenylbutyric Acid Reduces Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Alleviating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Oxidative Stress. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:5218-5227. [PMID: 28036323 PMCID: PMC5221419 DOI: 10.12659/msm.898623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in many countries and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is the cause of many serious heart diseases. Recent reports suggested that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with the progress of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. In a previous study, we illustrated that 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) reduces I/R-induced cell death in vitro through inhibiting the ER stress-initiated cell apoptosis. In the present study we investigated whether 4-PBA improves heart function in isolated rat hearts subjected to I/R and elucidated the potential mechanisms involved in 4-PBA-induced cardioprotective effects. Material/Methods The isolated rat hearts were subjected to global ischemia and reperfusion in the absence or presence of 4-PBA. Hemodynamic parameters (LVSP, LVEDP, ±dP/dtmax, and HR) were monitored and histopathological examination was applied. The biomarkers related to oxidative stress were detected by LDH, ROS, MDA, CK, SOD, and GSH-Px kits. A TUNEL apoptosis assay kit was used to detect apoptosis. The expression levels of ER stress and apoptosis proteins were evaluated by Western blotting. Results We found that 4-PBA (5 mM, 10 mM) pretreatment significantly attenuated cardiac dysfunction and depressed oxidative stress induced by I/R. Moreover, I/R activated the ER stress proteins Grp78 and PERK, which are all decreased by 4-PBA. 4-PBA pretreatment also inhibited the expression of CHOP, Caspase-12, and Bax, reduced the phosphorylation of JNK, and enhanced the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Conclusions We elucidated the significant protective effects of 4-PBA against I/R injuries by inhibition of ER stress, oxidative stress, and their associated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Jian
- Department of Cardiovascular, Tianjin First Central Hospital, tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Yuan Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Tianjin First Central Hospital, tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Metabolic Diseases Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Chengzhi Lu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Tianjin First Central Hospital, tianjin, China (mainland)
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10
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Xie H, Huang L, Li Y, Zhang H, Liu H. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and renal lesion in mice with combination of high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Acta Cir Bras 2016; 31:150-5. [PMID: 27050784 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020160030000001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate in the kidney the pathologic changes and expression of GRP78 and CHOP in the Kunming (KM) mice with combination of high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetes. METHODS Sixty two male KM mice were randomly divided into a normal control (NC) group (n=20) and a high-fat diet (HFD) group (n=42). After a four-week dietary manipulation, the KM mice in the HFD group were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin to induce diabetes. After diabetic models were successfully established, the kidneys were excised and conserved for further test. RESULTS No significant difference in the body weight was observed after the dietary manipulation (p=0.554). After the streptozotocin was injected, fasting blood glucose levels in the diabetes group (DM) were significantly higher than that in the NC group (p<0.0001). Glomerular atrophy observed under light microscope in the DM group was more serious compared with the NC group. The expression of GRP78 and CHOP in the kidneys of the mice in the DM group were higher compared with the NC group. CONCLUSION Renal lesion occurs in the diabetic Kunming mice induced by combination of high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin, and endoplasmic reticulum stress and CHOP may contribute to the injury process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xie
- Faculty of Nursing, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Liu Huang
- Faculty of Nursing, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yayun Li
- Faculty of Nursing, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Faculty of Nursing, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
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Xu G, Chen J, Jing G, Grayson TB, Shalev A. miR-204 Targets PERK and Regulates UPR Signaling and β-Cell Apoptosis. Mol Endocrinol 2016; 30:917-24. [PMID: 27384111 DOI: 10.1210/me.2016-1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and the associated β-cell apoptosis. Although microRNAs (miRNAs) have been widely studied in various diseases including diabetes, the role of miRNAs in ER stress and β-cell apoptosis has only started to be elucidated. We recently showed that diabetes increases β-cell miR-204 and have now discovered that miR-204 directly targets the 3'untranslated region of protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK), 1 of the 3 ER transmembrane sensors and a key factor of the unfolded protein response (UPR). In addition, by using primary human islets, mouse islets, and INS-1 β-cells, we found that miR-204 decreased PERK expression as well as its downstream factors, activating transcription factor 4 and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein homologous protein, whereas it had no effect on the other 2 ER transmembrane sensors, activating transcription factor 6 and inositol-requiring enzyme-1α. Interestingly, we discovered that miR-204 also inhibited PERK signaling in the context of ER stress, and this exacerbated ER stress-induced β-cell apoptosis. This effect could be mimicked by PERK inhibitors supporting the notion that the miR-204-mediated inhibition of PERK and UPR signaling was conferring these detrimental effects on cell survival. Taken together, we have identified PERK as a novel target of miR-204 and show that miR-204 inhibits PERK signaling and increases ER stress-induced cell death, revealing for the first time a link between this miRNA and UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlan Xu
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-2182
| | - Junqin Chen
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-2182
| | - Gu Jing
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-2182
| | - Truman B Grayson
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-2182
| | - Anath Shalev
- Comprehensive Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-2182
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12
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Meyerovich K, Ortis F, Allagnat F, Cardozo AK. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and the unfolded protein response in pancreatic islet inflammation. J Mol Endocrinol 2016; 57:R1-R17. [PMID: 27067637 DOI: 10.1530/jme-15-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-secreting pancreatic β-cells are extremely dependent on their endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to cope with the oscillatory requirement of secreted insulin to maintain normoglycemia. Insulin translation and folding rely greatly on the unfolded protein response (UPR), an array of three main signaling pathways designed to maintain ER homeostasis and limit ER stress. However, prolonged or excessive UPR activation triggers alternative molecular pathways that can lead to β-cell dysfunction and apoptosis. An increasing number of studies suggest a role of these pro-apoptotic UPR pathways in the downfall of β-cells observed in diabetic patients. Particularly, the past few years highlighted a cross talk between the UPR and inflammation in the context of both type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this article, we describe the recent advances in research regarding the interplay between ER stress, the UPR, and inflammation in the context of β-cell apoptosis leading to diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Meyerovich
- ULB Center for Diabetes ResearchUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fernanda Ortis
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUniversidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Florent Allagnat
- Department of Vascular SurgeryCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alessandra K Cardozo
- ULB Center for Diabetes ResearchUniversité Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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13
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Berchtold LA, Prause M, Størling J, Mandrup-Poulsen T. Cytokines and Pancreatic β-Cell Apoptosis. Adv Clin Chem 2016; 75:99-158. [PMID: 27346618 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The discovery 30 years ago that inflammatory cytokines cause a concentration, activity, and time-dependent bimodal response in pancreatic β-cell function and viability has been a game-changer in the fields of research directed at understanding inflammatory regulation of β-cell function and survival and the causes of β-cell failure and destruction in diabetes. Having until then been confined to the use of pathophysiologically irrelevant β-cell toxic chemicals as a model of β-cell death, researchers could now mimic endocrine and paracrine effects of the cytokine response in vitro by titrating concentrations in the low to the high picomolar-femtomolar range and vary exposure time for up to 14-16h to reproduce the acute regulatory effects of systemic inflammation on β-cell secretory responses, with a shift to inhibition at high picomolar concentrations or more than 16h of exposure to illustrate adverse effects of local, chronic islet inflammation. Since then, numerous studies have clarified how these bimodal responses depend on discrete signaling pathways. Most interest has been devoted to the proapoptotic response dependent upon mainly nuclear factor κ B and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, leading to gene expressional changes, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and triggering of mitochondrial dysfunction. Preclinical studies have shown preventive effects of cytokine antagonism in animal models of diabetes, and clinical trials demonstrating proof of concept are emerging. The full clinical potential of anticytokine therapies has yet to be shown by testing the incremental effects of appropriate dosing, timing, and combinations of treatments. Due to the considerable translational importance of enhancing the precision, specificity, and safety of antiinflammatory treatments of diabetes, we review here the cellular, preclinical, and clinical evidence of which of the death pathways recently proposed in the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2012 Recommendations are activated by inflammatory cytokines in the pancreatic β-cell to guide the identification of antidiabetic targets. Although there are still scarce human data, the cellular and preclinical studies point to the caspase-dependent intrinsic apoptosis pathway as the prime effector of inflammatory β-cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Prause
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Størling
- Copenhagen Diabetes Research Center, Beta Cell Biology Group, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Herlev, Denmark
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14
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Baltrusch S. Mitochondrial network regulation and its potential interference with inflammatory signals in pancreatic beta cells. Diabetologia 2016; 59:683-7. [PMID: 26873508 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3891-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria fulfil multiple tasks in nutrient metabolism, energy production, redox homeostasis and stress response, and are essential for pancreatic beta cell function. The dynamism and health of the mitochondrial network is regulated by fission- and fusion-triggering factors and by a quality control system that removes dysfunctional organelles. Alongside the role of mitochondria in regulating apoptotic cell death mediated primarily via production of reactive oxygen species and release of cytochrome c, there is evidence of other links between mitochondria and inflammation that have implications for cell viability. This review briefly outlines two pathways that are potentially vital for pancreatic beta cell function. The first concerns the regulation of Parkin, a protein that acts, not only as a central player in regulating mitophagy, but also as an activator of the NF-ĸB pathway. The fact that expression of optic atrophy protein 1 (OPA1), a mitochondrial fusion inducer and master mitochondrial cristae biogenetic factor, is increased following NF-ĸB activation highlights a point of mitochondrial control that might be influenced by TNFα signalling. A second axis of interest is suggested by IL-6-mediated upregulation of the fission inducer FIS1 alongside downregulation of mitofusin 2 (MFN2), a guard of mitochondrial fusion and metabolism and an inhibitor of apoptosis. This review summarises a presentation given at the 'Islet inflammation in type 2 diabetes' symposium at the 2015 annual meeting of the EASD. It is accompanied two other reviews on topics from this symposium (by Marc Donath, DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3873-z , and Jerry Nadler and colleagues, DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3890-y ) and a commentary by the Session Chair, Piero Marchetti (DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3875-x ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Baltrusch
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rostock, Schillingallee 70, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
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15
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Hasnain SZ, Prins JB, McGuckin MA. Oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress in β-cell dysfunction in diabetes. J Mol Endocrinol 2016; 56:R33-54. [PMID: 26576641 DOI: 10.1530/jme-15-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The inability of pancreatic β-cells to make sufficient insulin to control blood sugar is a central feature of the aetiology of most forms of diabetes. In this review we focus on the deleterious effects of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress on β-cell insulin biosynthesis and secretion and on inflammatory signalling and apoptosis with a particular emphasis on type 2 diabetes (T2D). We argue that oxidative stress and ER stress are closely entwined phenomena fundamentally involved in β-cell dysfunction by direct effects on insulin biosynthesis and due to consequences of the ER stress-induced unfolded protein response. We summarise evidence that, although these phenomenon can be driven by intrinsic β-cell defects in rare forms of diabetes, in T2D β-cell stress is driven by a range of local environmental factors including increased drivers of insulin biosynthesis, glucolipotoxicity and inflammatory cytokines. We describe our recent findings that a range of inflammatory cytokines contribute to β-cell stress in diabetes and our discovery that interleukin 22 protects β-cells from oxidative stress regardless of the environmental triggers and can correct much of diabetes pathophysiology in animal models. Finally we summarise evidence that β-cell dysfunction is reversible in T2D and discuss therapeutic opportunities for relieving oxidative and ER stress and restoring glycaemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Z Hasnain
- ImmunityInfection and Inflammation Program, Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, AustraliaMetabolic Diseases ProgramMater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Johannes B Prins
- ImmunityInfection and Inflammation Program, Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, AustraliaMetabolic Diseases ProgramMater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Michael A McGuckin
- ImmunityInfection and Inflammation Program, Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, AustraliaMetabolic Diseases ProgramMater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
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16
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QiNan W, XiaGuang G, XiaoTian L, WuQuan D, Ling Z, Bing C. Par-4/NF-κB Mediates the Apoptosis of Islet β Cells Induced by Glucolipotoxicity. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:4692478. [PMID: 27340675 PMCID: PMC4906207 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4692478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis of islet β cells is a primary pathogenic feature of type 2 diabetes, and ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play important roles in this process. Previous research has shown that prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4)/NF-κB induces cancer cell apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the mechanism by which Par-4/NF-κB induces islet β cell apoptosis remains unknown. We used a high glucose/palmitate intervention to mimic type 2 diabetes in vitro. We demonstrated that the high glucose/palmitate intervention induced the expression and secretion of Par-4. It also causes increased expression and activation of NF-κB, which induced NIT-1 cell apoptosis and dysfunction. Overexpression of Par-4 potentiates these effects, whereas downregulation of Par-4 attenuates them. Inhibition of NF-κB inhibited the Par-4-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, these effects occurred through the ER stress cell membrane and mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Our findings reveal a novel role for Par-4/NF-κB in islet β cell apoptosis and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu QiNan
- Endocrine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chong Qing 400038, China
| | - Gan XiaGuang
- Endocrine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chong Qing 400038, China
| | - Lei XiaoTian
- Endocrine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chong Qing 400038, China
| | - Deng WuQuan
- Endocrine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chong Qing 400038, China
| | - Zhang Ling
- Outpatient Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chong Qing 400038, China
- *Zhang Ling: and
| | - Chen Bing
- Endocrine Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of the Third Military Medical University, Chong Qing 400038, China
- *Chen Bing:
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17
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Wang J, Song MY, Bae UJ, Lim JM, Kwon KS, Park BH. n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids protect against pancreatic β-cell damage due to ER stress and prevent diabetes development. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:1791-802. [PMID: 26080997 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE In this study, we focus on the effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on tunicamycin-, streptozotocin-, or high fat diet (HFD)-induced β-cell damage and dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pretreatment with n-3 PUFAs protected RINm5F cells and mouse islets against tunicamycin-induced β-cell damage through suppression of ER stress and apoptosis induction. This protective effect of n-3 PUFAs on β-cells was further demonstrated by the normalization of insulin secretion in response to glucose in tunicamycin-treated islets. In multiple low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes models, fat-1 mice, which endogenously synthesize n-3 PUFAs from n-6 PUFAs, were fully resistant to the development of diabetes, with normal islet morphology, high insulin immunoreactivity, and decreased apoptotic cells. In HFD-induced diabetes models, fat-1 mice also exhibited improved glucose tolerance and functional β-cell mass. In both diabetes models, we observed an attenuation of ER stress in fat-1 mice. Interestingly, n-3 PUFAs attenuated the nuclear translocation of lipogenic transcription factors sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) and C/EBPβ, induced by tunicamycin or HFD, suggesting that n-3 PUFAs suppress ER stress via modulation of SREBP-1 and C/EBPβ. CONCLUSION Together, these results suggest that n-3 PUFAs block ER stress, thus protecting β cells against diabetogenic insult; therefore, dietary supplementation of n-3 PUFAs has therapeutic potential for the preservation of functional β-cell mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ui-Jin Bae
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Lim
- Department of Anatomy, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Sang Kwon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hyun Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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18
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Ramanadham S, Ali T, Ashley JW, Bone RN, Hancock WD, Lei X. Calcium-independent phospholipases A2 and their roles in biological processes and diseases. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1643-68. [PMID: 26023050 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r058701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the family of phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) are the Ca(2+)-independent PLA2s (iPLA2s) and they are designated group VI iPLA2s. In relation to secretory and cytosolic PLA2s, the iPLA2s are more recently described and details of their expression and roles in biological functions are rapidly emerging. The iPLA2s or patatin-like phospholipases (PNPLAs) are intracellular enzymes that do not require Ca(2+) for activity, and contain lipase (GXSXG) and nucleotide-binding (GXGXXG) consensus sequences. Though nine PNPLAs have been recognized, PNPLA8 (membrane-associated iPLA2γ) and PNPLA9 (cytosol-associated iPLA2β) are the most widely studied and understood. The iPLA2s manifest a variety of activities in addition to phospholipase, are ubiquitously expressed, and participate in a multitude of biological processes, including fat catabolism, cell differentiation, maintenance of mitochondrial integrity, phospholipid remodeling, cell proliferation, signal transduction, and cell death. As might be expected, increased or decreased expression of iPLA2s can have profound effects on the metabolic state, CNS function, cardiovascular performance, and cell survival; therefore, dysregulation of iPLA2s can be a critical factor in the development of many diseases. This review is aimed at providing a general framework of the current understanding of the iPLA2s and discussion of the potential mechanisms of action of the iPLA2s and related involved lipid mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasanka Ramanadham
- Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Tomader Ali
- Undergraduate Research Office, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Jason W Ashley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Robert N Bone
- Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - William D Hancock
- Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
| | - Xiaoyong Lei
- Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 Comprehensive Diabetes Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294
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19
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Hasnain SZ, Borg DJ, Harcourt BE, Tong H, Sheng YH, Ng CP, Das I, Wang R, Chen ACH, Loudovaris T, Kay TW, Thomas HE, Whitehead JP, Forbes JM, Prins JB, McGuckin MA. Glycemic control in diabetes is restored by therapeutic manipulation of cytokines that regulate beta cell stress. Nat Med 2014; 20:1417-26. [PMID: 25362253 DOI: 10.1038/nm.3705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In type 2 diabetes, hyperglycemia is present when an increased demand for insulin, typically due to insulin resistance, is not met as a result of progressive pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. This defect in beta cell activity is typically characterized by impaired insulin biosynthesis and secretion, usually accompanied by oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We demonstrate that multiple inflammatory cytokines elevated in diabetic pancreatic islets induce beta cell oxidative and ER stress, with interleukin-23 (IL-23), IL-24 and IL-33 being the most potent. Conversely, we show that islet-endogenous and exogenous IL-22, by regulating oxidative stress pathways, suppresses oxidative and ER stress caused by cytokines or glucolipotoxicity in mouse and human beta cells. In obese mice, antibody neutralization of IL-23 or IL-24 partially reduced beta cell ER stress and improved glucose tolerance, whereas IL-22 administration modulated oxidative stress regulatory genes in islets, suppressed ER stress and inflammation, promoted secretion of high-quality efficacious insulin and fully restored glucose homeostasis followed by restitution of insulin sensitivity. Thus, therapeutic manipulation of immune regulators of beta cell stress reverses the hyperglycemia central to diabetes pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Z Hasnain
- Mucosal Diseases Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Danielle J Borg
- Glycation &Diabetes Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brooke E Harcourt
- Glycation &Diabetes Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hui Tong
- Mucosal Diseases Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Yonghua H Sheng
- Mucosal Diseases Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Choa Ping Ng
- Metabolic Medicine Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Indrajit Das
- Mucosal Diseases Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ran Wang
- Mucosal Diseases Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alice C-H Chen
- Mucosal Diseases Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Thomas W Kay
- St. Vincent's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helen E Thomas
- St. Vincent's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan P Whitehead
- 1] Metabolic Medicine Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. [2] School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Josephine M Forbes
- 1] Glycation &Diabetes Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. [2] School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Johannes B Prins
- 1] Metabolic Medicine Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. [2] School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael A McGuckin
- 1] Mucosal Diseases Group, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. [2] School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. [3] School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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20
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Pepin E, Higa A, Schuster-Klein C, Bernard C, Sulpice T, Guardiola B, Chevet E, Alquier T. Deletion of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) protects pancreatic beta-cells from stress-induced death but not from glucose homeostasis alterations under pro-inflammatory conditions. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112714. [PMID: 25383781 PMCID: PMC4226582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is characterized by pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction and is associated with low-grade inflammation. Recent observations suggest that apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is involved in beta-cell death in response to different stressors. In this study, we tested whether ASK1 deficiency protects beta-cells from glucolipotoxic conditions and cytokines treatment or from glucose homeostasis alteration induced by endotoxemia. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Insulin secretion was neither affected upon shRNA-mediated downregulation of ASK1 in MIN6 cells nor in islets from ASK1-deficient mice. ASK1 silencing in MIN6 cells and deletion in islets did not prevent the deleterious effect of glucolipotoxic conditions or cytokines on insulin secretion. However, it protected MIN6 cells from death induced by ER stress or palmitate and islets from short term caspase activation in response to cytokines. Moreover, endotoxemia induced by LPS infusion increased insulin secretion during hyperglycemic clamps but the response was similar in wild-type and ASK1-deficient mice. Finally, insulin sensitivity in the presence of LPS was not affected by ASK1-deficiency. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our study demonstrates that ASK1 is not involved in beta-cell function and dysfunction but controls stress-induced beta-cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arisa Higa
- Inserm U1053, Team Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Cancer, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France, 33076
| | | | | | - Thierry Sulpice
- Betagenex Inc, Laval, QC, Canada, H7V5B7
- Physiogenex SAS, Labège, France, 31670
| | | | - Eric Chevet
- Inserm U1053, Team Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Cancer, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France, 33076
| | - Thierry Alquier
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), and Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Cell Biology and Pathology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada, H3T 1J4
- * E-mail:
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21
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Abe T, Kojima M, Akanuma S, Iwashita H, Yamazaki T, Okuyama R, Ichikawa K, Umemura M, Nakano H, Takahashi S, Takahashi Y. N-terminal hydrophobic amino acids of activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) protein confer interleukin 1β (IL-1β)-induced stabilization. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:3888-900. [PMID: 24379400 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.491217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) is a stress-response transcription factor that responds to amino acid limitation and exposure to cadmium chloride (CdCl2) and sodium arsenite (NaAsO2). The N-terminal amino acids contribute to the destabilization of the ATF5 protein in steady-state conditions and serve as a stabilization domain in the stress response after CdCl2 or NaAsO2 exposure. In this study, we show that interleukin 1β (IL-1β), a proinflammatory cytokine, increases the expression of ATF5 protein in HepG2 hepatoma cells in part by stabilizing the ATF5 protein. The N-terminal domain rich in hydrophobic amino acids that is predicted to form a hydrophobic network was responsible for destabilization in steady-state conditions and served as an IL-1β response domain. Furthermore, IL-1β increased the translational efficiency of ATF5 mRNA via the 5' UTRα and phosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α). ATF5 knockdown in HepG2 cells up-regulated the IL-1β-induced expression of the serum amyloid A 1 (SAA1) and SAA2 genes. Our results show that the N-terminal hydrophobic amino acids play an important role in the regulation of ATF5 protein expression in IL-1β-mediated immune response and that ATF5 is a negative regulator for IL-1β-induced expression of SAA1 and SAA2 in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Abe
- From the Laboratory of Environmental Molecular Physiology
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22
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Tan BM, Zammit NW, Yam AO, Slattery R, Walters SN, Malle E, Grey ST. Baculoviral inhibitors of apoptosis repeat containing (BIRC) proteins fine-tune TNF-induced nuclear factor κB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signalling in mouse pancreatic beta cells. Diabetologia 2013; 56:520-32. [PMID: 23250032 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2784-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS For beta cells, contact with TNF-α triggers signalling cascades that converge on pathways important for cell survival and inflammation, specifically nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Here, we investigated the function of baculoviral inhibitors of apoptosis repeat containing (BIRC) proteins in regulating TNF signalling cascades. METHODS TNF regulation of Birc genes was studied by mRNA expression and promoter analysis. Birc gene control of cell signalling was studied in beta cell lines, and in islets from Birc2(-/-) and Birc3(-/-) mice, and from Birc3(-/-) Birc2Δ beta cell mice that selectively lack Birc2 and Birc3 (double knockout [DKO]). Islet function was tested by intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and transplantation. RESULTS TNF-α selectively induced Birc3 in beta cells, which in turn was sufficient to drive and potentiate NF-κB reporter activity. Conversely, Birc3(-/-) islets exhibited delayed TNF-α-induced IκBα degradation with reduced expression of Ccl2 and Cxcl10. DKO islets showed a further delay in IκBα degradation kinetics. Surprisingly, DKO islets exhibited stimulus-independent and TNF-dependent hyperexpression of TNF target genes A20 (also known as Tnfaip3), Icam1, Ccl2 and Cxcl10. DKO islets showed hyperphosphorylation of the JNK-substrate, c-Jun, while a JNK-antagonist prevented increases of Icam1, Ccl2 and Cxcl10 expression. Proteosome blockade of MIN6 cells phenocopied DKO islets. DKO islets showed more rapid loss of glucose homeostasis when challenged with the inflammatory insult of transplantation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION BIRC3 provides a feed-forward loop, which, with BIRC2, is required to moderate the normal speed of NF-κB activation. Paradoxically, BIRC2 and BIRC3 act as a molecular brake to rein in activation of the JNK signalling pathway. Thus BIRC2 and BIRC3 fine-tune NF-κB and JNK signalling to ensure transcriptional responses are appropriately matched to extracellular inputs. This control is critical for the beta cell's stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Tan
- Gene Therapy and Autoimmunity Group, Immunology Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
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