1
|
Suchana SA, Ahmed MS, Islam SMM, Rahman ML, Rohani MF, Ferdusi T, Ahmmad AKS, Fatema MK, Badruzzaman M, Shahjahan M. Chromium Exposure Causes Structural Aberrations of Erythrocytes, Gills, Liver, Kidney, and Genetic Damage in Striped Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3869-3885. [PMID: 33206307 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02490-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution due to anthropogenic activities poses a great threat to aquatic organisms. The present study was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of hexavalent chromium (potassium dichromate) on hemato-biochemical, histo-pathological, and genetical changes in striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Three sub-lethal doses (0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 mg/L) of chromium (Cr) were selected and fish were exposed in vivo contrasting with a control (0 mg/L) for 30 days. The study revealed that various hemato-biochemical parameters showed a significant decrease in hemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), and blood glucose content, whereas white blood cells (WBCs) significantly increased in Cr exposed fish. Frequencies of all forms of structural abnormalities of erythrocytes (erythrocytic cellular abnormalities; ECA, erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities; ENA and erythroblasts; Ebs) were significantly increased in higher two test concentrations (1.6 and 3.2 mg/L) when compared to control. Differential leucocyte count exhibited significant increase in neutrophil and decrease in lymphocytes in the highest Cr treated group. The severity of various histo-pathological changes in the gills, liver, and kidney were increased considerably with the increase of Cr concentrations. Similarly, the amount of DNA (ng/μl) decreased significantly in blood and tissues of different vital organs where the liver showed the highest decline compared to control in a concentration-dependent manner. Taken altogether, P. hypophthalmus is susceptible to Cr and can be used as a bio-indicator to assess aquatic metal pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajida Akter Suchana
- Department of Fisheries Management, Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shaker Ahmed
- Department of Fisheries Management, Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - S M Majharul Islam
- Department of Fisheries Management, Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Lutfar Rahman
- Department of Fisheries Management, Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
- Department of Genetics and Fish Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Md Fazle Rohani
- Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Tanzina Ferdusi
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - A K Shakur Ahmmad
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Kaniz Fatema
- Department of Fisheries Management, Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Badruzzaman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur, 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahjahan
- Department of Fisheries Management, Laboratory of Fish Ecophysiology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nikolić D, Skorić S, Poleksić V, Rašković B. Sex-specific elemental accumulation and histopathology of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) from Garaši reservoir (Serbia) with human health risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:53700-53711. [PMID: 34032951 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-14526-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of 26 elements (Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Se, Si, Sr, and Zn) was analyzed in the gills, liver, and muscle of pikeperch males and females from Garaši reservoir using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Histopathological (HP) changes in the gills and liver, and human health risk were also analyzed. The gills were most affected by metal pollution in both sexes. The concentrations of Hg in muscle tissue of four males, and Cd in two females and two males exceeded the maximum allowed concentrations. Statistical tests only revealed significant differences regarding the concentrations of Mg, K, and S in the muscle (higher in males) and Al, Ag, and Mn in the liver (higher in females) of individuals between sexes. Low to moderate levels of pathological changes were recorded for the gills and liver in both sexes. Significant differences between sexes were observed for inflammatory index of gills (IGI) and HP index of gills (IG), males had higher values compared to females, and for liver necrosis, where females had higher values compared to males. Gills were less affected by HP changes compared to the liver. There was no significant non-cancerogenic and cancerogenic health risk due to the consumption of pikeperch meat from the Garaši reservoir. However, women are under greater risk by consuming the meat of both male and female individuals, probably due to a longer lifetime and lesser body weight compared to the men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dušan Nikolić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Biology and Inland Waters Protection, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, Belgrade, 11030, Serbia.
| | - Stefan Skorić
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Biology and Inland Waters Protection, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, Belgrade, 11030, Serbia
| | - Vesna Poleksić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Zemun, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia
| | - Božidar Rašković
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Zemun, Belgrade, 11080, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Iaria C, Spanò N, Smeriglio A, Capparucci F, De Benedetto G, Lanteri G, Marino F, Macheda S, Macrì F, Belvedere A, D'Agostino M, Caridi F, Marguccio S, Salvo A, Acri G, Siclari A, Brundo MV, Trombetta D. Massive infection of Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum in brown trout Salmo trutta with skeletal deformities. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2021; 143:159-168. [PMID: 33632994 DOI: 10.3354/dao03559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the cause of skeletal deformities found in brown trout from the Aspromonte mountain area in Reggio Calabria, Italy. Toxicological, histopathological and parasitological analyses were carried out on 14 fish with evident macro-morphological alterations from 2 different locations in the same river, and 4 control fish without morphological alterations from a different river (far from the first river but still within the area under study). Histopathological and radiological observations confirmed severe skeletal deformities in the specimens investigated. Parasitological examinations highlighted the presence of the nematode Cystidicoloides ephemeridarum, found only within the gastrointestinal tract of specimens showing deformities. Moreover, a direct correlation between parasite number and fish size was found. Given the low heavy metal levels and the presence of a massive parasitosis in teleosts showing deformities, we postulate a correlation between skeletal deformities and nematode infestation: the parasites caused a serious vitamin and mineral deficiency in the fish, which led to a dysplastic vertebral column. The low calcium levels found in malformed specimens compared with negative controls effectively confirm this hypothesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Iaria
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Carrola JS, Fontainhas-Fernandes A, Rocha E. Uncommon hepatic macrophagic foamy-cell nodules in Iberian barbel (Luciobarbus bocagei Steindachner, 1864) from the Vizela River (Portugal). Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1127-1135. [PMID: 30946508 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The main intent of this work (after the by chance finding, in archived histological slides) is to characterize one previously non-described liver lesion of the Iberian barbel from the Vizela River (Portugal). This ran through a textile and dyeing industrial region. The lesion type was made of groups of foamy cells (presumptive macrophages), which appear either as a "smaller non-nodular form," without a connective tissue capsule and displaying an irregular profile, or as a "bigger nodular form," presenting a thin capsule and a circular profile. The nodular forms could appear multi-layered, resembling "cross-sectioned onions". The lesions number, dimension, and structural complexity were greater in bigger fish, appearing only after a history of poor water quality. In extreme cases, the lesions slightly protruded the liver surface. Special histological staining proved the connective tissue nature of the capsule (and its eventual septa), the presence of proteins, glycoproteins, lipofuscin, melanin, iron (putative hemosiderin), and copper, in a variable number of foamy cells within the lesions. At times, degenerating hepatocytes appeared at the border of the lesions. It is proposed that this lesion type incorporates both macrophages and degenerating hepatocytes, looking as one (unpublished) form of a macrophage aggregate. The term "foamy-cell nodules" was advanced for this abnormality. The lesion could have been induced by pollution, because: no parasites were ever associated with the lesion; there was co-existence of the lesion with a water quality status scored as "bad"; such lesion neither existed in fish sampled after mitigation and remediation measures nor in reference fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João S Carrola
- CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD - University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, ECVA - School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - António Fontainhas-Fernandes
- CITAB - Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, UTAD - University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, ECVA - School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Rocha
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Department of Microscopy, ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, UPorto - University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CIIMAR/CIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, UPorto - University of Porto, Team of Histomorphology, Physiopathology, and Applied Toxicology, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rašković B, Poleksić V, Skorić S, Jovičić K, Spasić S, Hegediš A, Vasić N, Lenhardt M. Effects of mine tailing and mixed contamination on metals, trace elements accumulation and histopathology of the chub (Squalius cephalus) tissues: Evidence from three differently contaminated sites in Serbia. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 153:238-247. [PMID: 29454232 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Chub (Squalius cephalus) specimens were collected in Korenita River seven months after spillover from the waste water of antimony mine tailing pond and compared with chub living in Kruščica reservoir (intended for water supply) and Međuvršje reservoir (influenced by intense emission of industrial, urban and rural wastewater). Concentrations of 15 elements (Al, As, B, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Si, Sr, Zn) were determined in muscle, liver and gills of chub by inductively coupled plasma optical spectrometry (ICP-OES) and histopathological alterations in liver and gills were assessed. Chub specimens from Korenita River had higher concentrations of As, Ba and Pb in all three investigated tissues as well as higher total histopathological index values than chub from reservoirs. Specimens from Međuvršje reservoir were characterized by higher values for concentrations of Cu and Si in muscle tissue and higher values for regressive histopathological alterations in gills. Individuals of chub from Kruščica reservoir had the highest concentrations of Fe in liver, Hg in muscle and Sr and Zn in muscle while gills had the lowest value of total histopathological index. The results from the present study showed higher level of histopathological alterations as a result of mine tailing accident. As a result of mixed contamination on the Međuvršje site, histopathological index values of gills were in line with the index value from Korenita River. Increased values for Fe and Sr in chub tissue from Kruščica reservoir could be explained by geological structure of the site which is characterized by magmatic rock rich in Cu, Fe and Ni as well as dominant carbonate sediment complex of marine origin with increased level of Sr.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Božidar Rašković
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Nemanjina 6, Zemun 11080, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Vesna Poleksić
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Sciences, Nemanjina 6, Zemun 11080, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stefan Skorić
- University of Belgrade-Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Katarina Jovičić
- University of Belgrade-Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Hydroecology and Water Protection, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slađana Spasić
- University of Belgrade-Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia; Singidunum University, Faculty of Informatics and Computing, Danijelova 32, 11010 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Hegediš
- University of Belgrade-Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia; University of Belgrade-Faculty of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nebojša Vasić
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Mining and Geology, Department of Mineralogy, Crystallography, Petrology and Geochemistry, Đušina 7, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana Lenhardt
- University of Belgrade-Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030 Belgrade, Serbia; University of Belgrade-Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", Department of Hydroecology and Water Protection, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jabeen G, Manzoor F, Javid A, Azmat H, Arshad M, Fatima S. Evaluation of Fish Health Status and Histopathology in Gills and Liver Due to Metal Contaminated Sediments Exposure. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 100:492-501. [PMID: 29450571 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Health status of freshwater fish, Cirrhina mrigala was studied by qualitative and quantitative histopathological analysis, alterations in frequency/prevalence percentages (%) and histological alteration indices (HAI) in response to metal contaminated sediments of the River Ravi aquatic ecosystem. Histo-structures of gill and liver samples of fish were analyzed and comparison between the degree of damage of the alterations in fish organs was performed after exposure to metal contaminated sediments for 7, 14 and 28 days under semi-static water renewal bioassays. Histopathological studies revealed marked histological alterations in the gills and liver of exposed fish as compared to normal tissue structure observed in control fish. The frequency and prevalence percentages observed in 28-day exposed fish were significantly higher as compared to 7- and 14-day exposed fish. The order of frequency and prevalence percentage for gills and liver of exposed fish was as: 28-day > 14-day > 7-day. The highest prevalence percentages recorded were 83 and 80% as focal area of necrosis in gill and liver, respectively, after 28-day exposure. The lowest prevalence percentage observed in 7-day exposed Cirrhina mrigala was dilation of sinusoids (17%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghazala Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Farkhanda Manzoor
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Javid
- Faculty of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hamda Azmat
- Faculty of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mateen Arshad
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shafaq Fatima
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jordanova M, Rebok K, Dragun Z, Ramani S, Ivanova L, Kostov V, Valić D, Krasnići N, Filipović Marijić V, Kapetanović D. Histopathology investigation on the Vardar chub (Squalius vardarensis) populations captured from the rivers impacted by mining activities. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2016; 129:35-42. [PMID: 26986024 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Many natural freshwater ecosystems, especially in the north eastern Macedonia, are polluted with heavy metals, which are released by active mines. Long-term exposure to high levels of dissolved metals might result in increased metal bioaccumulation in organs of aquatic organisms, and consequently might cause various sub-toxic and toxic effects. The aim of this study was to assess the health of Vardar chub (Squalius vardarensis) inhabiting mining impacted rivers Zletovska and Kriva, in comparison with chub from the reference Bregalnica River. It was done by use of indicators of tissue damage (histopathology of liver and gonads) and general indicators of exposure to environmental stressors (condition factor, organo-somatic indices and external/internal macroscopic lesions). Histological assessment of gonads revealed good reproductive health in all three rivers, indicating high tolerance of gonads to contaminant exposure. Contrary, several external/internal lesions were more pronounced in chub from severely metal contaminated Zletovska River. Prevalence of hepatic lesions was also higher in mining impacted rivers (in Kriva, 70%; in Zletovska, 59%) compared to Bregalnica River (38%). The spectrum of histological lesions observed in chub liver varied from non-specific minor degenerative conditions, such as lymphocyte infiltration, fibrosis, parasites, granulomas and lipidosis, to extensive and/or more severe changes such as bile duct proliferation, necrosis, megalocytosis, light-dark hepatocytes and hepatocytes regeneration. The results of histopathological investigation for all three rivers showed clear signs of water contamination, especially prominent in mining influenced rivers. More research efforts should be devoted to study of environmental conditions and metal contamination in the mining impacted rivers worldwide, especially of their effects on health of local ichthyofauna.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Jordanova
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Arhimedova 3, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia.
| | - Katerina Rebok
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Arhimedova 3, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia.
| | - Zrinka Dragun
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Divison for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Bijenička 54, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Sheriban Ramani
- Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Economy, Hydrometeorological Administration, Division for Water, Air and Soil Quality Monitoring and Laboratory Analyses; Hydrobiology and Ecology Department, Skupi 28, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia.
| | - Lozenka Ivanova
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss Cyril and Methodius University, Arhimedova 3, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia
| | - Vasil Kostov
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Ile Ilievski 92a, 1000 Skopje, Macedonia.
| | - Damir Valić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Divison for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Aquaculture and Pathology of Aquatic Organisms, Bijenička 54, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Nesrete Krasnići
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Divison for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Bijenička 54, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Vlatka Filipović Marijić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Divison for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Biological Effects of Metals, Bijenička 54, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Damir Kapetanović
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Divison for Marine and Environmental Research, Laboratory for Aquaculture and Pathology of Aquatic Organisms, Bijenička 54, 10002 Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen P, Li S, Liu L, Xu N. Long-term effects of binary mixtures of 17α-ethinyl estradiol and dibutyl phthalate in a partial life-cycle test with zebrafish (Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2015; 34:518-526. [PMID: 25385324 DOI: 10.1002/etc.2803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 10/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Using 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as a typical estrogen and phthalate ester, respectively, their combined in vivo effects on zebrafish (Danio rerio) were investigated from the juvenile state to the adult stage. The authors spiked EE2 (5 ng/L and 20 ng/L) and DBP (0.1 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L) either individually or in mixture. At 45 d postfertilization (dpf), the survival rate of zebrafish was comparable in all treatments. Dibutyl phthalate did not induce vitellogenin (VTG) synthesis, and no interaction was found between EE2 and DBP on VTG induction. At 90 dpf, both liver and gill were subject to more severe damage (lipid vacuoles of hepatocytes, amalgamation of gill lamellae, and clubbing at the tips of the secondary lamellae) when coexposed to these 2 chemicals, compared with single exposure. At 115 dpf, generally none of the binary mixture groups showed significantly different growth and sex ratios compared with the corresponding EE2 alone groups. In conclusion, no obvious interactions were detected between EE2 and DBP on the growth, VTG induction, or sex ratio of zebrafish, and they may act independently. However, the influence on morphology of gonad, liver, and gill induced by exposure to the mixture of EE2 and DBP was generally more potent than that by single exposure to EE2 or DBP, indicating the combined long-term harmful effects of EE2 and DBP on the development of zebrafish. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:518-526. © 2014 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nunes B, Campos JC, Gomes R, Braga MR, Ramos AS, Antunes SC, Correia AT. Ecotoxicological effects of salicylic acid in the freshwater fish Salmo trutta fario: antioxidant mechanisms and histological alterations. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:667-678. [PMID: 25096487 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3337-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceutical drugs in aquatic ecosystems has been widely reported during the past years. Salicylic acid (SA) is mainly used in human medicine as an analgesic and antipyretic drug, being also active in preventing platelet aggregation. To study the ecotoxicological effects potentially elicited by SA in freshwater fish, brown trout individuals (Salmo trutta fario) were chronically exposed (28 days) to this drug, in order to evaluate the enzymatic and histological effects, in both gills and liver. A qualitative and semi-qualitative evaluation of the gills and liver was performed, and also a quantitative evaluation of various lamellar structures. Oxidative stress was quantified trough the determination of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), glutathione reductase (GRed), total and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Catalase (Cat) activities. Lipid peroxidative damage was also assessed by the quantification of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in the liver. The here-obtained data showed the occurrence of oxidative stress, reflected by an increased activity of GPx and GRed in the liver; additionally, it was possible to observe non-specific histological changes in gills. The global significance of the entire set of results is discussed, giving emphasis to the ecological relevance of the responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Nunes
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Carrola J, Fontaínhas-Fernandes A, Pires MJ, Rocha E. Frequency of hepatocellular fibrillar inclusions in European flounder (Platichthys flesus) from the Douro River estuary, Portugal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:3116-3125. [PMID: 24203256 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2248-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Liver lesions in wild fish have been associated with xenobiotic exposure. Facing reports of pollution in the Douro River estuary (north of Portugal), we have been making field surveys using fishes and targeting histopathological biomarkers of exposure and effect. Herein, we intended to better characterize and report the rate of one poorly understood lesion-hepatocellular fibrillar inclusions (HFI)-found in European flounder (Platichthys flesus). With this report, we aimed to establish sound baseline data that could be viewed as a starting point for future biomonitoring, while offering the world's second only pool of field data on such a liver toxicopathic lesion, which could be compared with data available from the UK estuaries. Sampling was done in the Douro River estuary over 1 year. A total of 72 animals were fished with nets, in spring-summer (SS) and autumn-winter (AW) campaigns. Livers were processed for histopathology and both routine and special staining procedures (alcian blue, periodic acid Schiff (PAS), tetrazonium coupling reaction). Immunohistochemistry targeted AE1/AE3 (pan cytokeratins). The severity of the HFI extent was graded using a system with four levels, varying from 0 (absence of HFI) to 3 (high relative density of cells with HFI). Cells (isolated/groups) with HFI appeared in 35 % or more of the fish, in the total samples of each season, and over 40 % in more homogeneous sub-samples. There were no significant differences when comparing samples versus sub-samples or SS versus AW. When merging the data sets from the two seasons, the frequency of fish with HFI was ≈36 % for the total sample and ≈49 % for the sub-sample. The extreme group (biggest and smallest fish) revealed a HFI frequency of only 16 %, which differed significantly from the total and sub-sampled groups. Immunostaining and PAS were negative for the HFI, and alcian blue could, at times, faintly stain the inclusions. These were positive with the tetrazonium reaction. We showed the presence of HFI in European flounder from the Douro River estuary, proving that they are essentially protein in nature, that no seasonal changes existed in the HFI frequency, and that it was rarer in the smallest and biggest fish groups. Within the ranges of weight/size of our total sample, we estimate that the frequency of HFI in the local flounder is ≈35 %. That rate stands as a baseline value for future assessments, namely for biomonitoring purposes targeting correlations with the estuary pollution status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- João Carrola
- CITAB-Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, ECVA-School of Life and Environmental Sciences, UTAD-University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, Apartado 1013, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rocha E, Rocha MJ, Lobo-Da-Cunha A, Galante MH, Monteiro RAF. The hepatocytes of the brown trout (Salmo trutta fario): a stereological study of some cytoplasmic components with the breeding cycle. Microsc Res Tech 2010; 73:766-78. [PMID: 20131409 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences exist in fish hepatocytes, but studies for characterizing their cytology throughout the breeding cycle are still scarce; suggesting changes, but most lacking quantitative data. To address this limitation, to complement baseline data generated from the brown trout model, and to prove that sex-specific seasonal changes exist, we made an unbiased stereological evaluation of the hepatocytic cytoplasm. Unprecedentedly for fish liver, the stereological design was exempt from model (biased) assumptions. Five (3 years old) animals per sex were studied in endogenous vitellogenesis, exogenous vitellogenesis, and spawning season end. Liver pieces for analysis were systematically sampled. Stereology was done in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs. Primary data generated relative volume estimates of the major cytoplasmic components. Such values were used for deriving absolute volumes (per cell and per liver). Lipid droplets did not show changes. As to other targets, trends at cell and liver levels were not always equal. If the hepatocyte was the reference space, the contents in mitochondria, dense bodies, glycogen, and cytosol changed seasonally, in both sexes. If taking the liver as the reference, changes attained the Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), besides dense bodies, glycogen (in females), and cytosol. The components volumes (namely per liver) were often positively (negatively for glycogen) correlated with the ovary weight, disclosing new associations and implications in fish. While also offering gold-standard data for backing morphofunctional correlations and pathology, we revealed a new process by which females increase the amount of RER and Golgi throughout vitellogenesis, breaking from the idea on how this event happens in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Rocha
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto (UPorto), Porto, Portugal.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Olivares A, Quirós L, Pelayo S, Navarro A, Bosch C, Grimalt JO, Fabregat MDC, Faria M, Benejam L, Benito J, Solé M, Barata C, Piña B. Integrated biological and chemical analysis of organochlorine compound pollution and of its biological effects in a riverine system downstream the discharge point. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2010; 408:5592-5599. [PMID: 20800876 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2010] [Revised: 08/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Pollution in riverine systems, along with its biological effects, may propagate downstream even at considerable distances. We analyzed the organochlorine compound (OC) pollution in a section of the low Ebro River (Northeast Spain) downstream a long-operating chlor-alkali plant. Maximal levels of OCs and of their associated dioxin-like biological activity occurred in residue samples from the plant, and persisted in river sediments some 40km downstream (Xerta site). Biological analysis at multiple organization levels in local carp (Cyprinus carpio, EROD, Cyp1A mRNA expression in the liver, hepatosomatic index, condition factor, and micronuclei index in peripheral blood) showed a similar pattern, with a maximal impact in Ascó, few kilometers downstream the plant, and a clear reduction at Xerta. This combination of chemical, molecular, cellular and physiological data allowed the precise assessment of the negative impact of the chlor-alkali plant on the quality of river sediments and on fish, and suggests that sediments may be a reservoir for toxic substances even in dynamic environments like rivers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Olivares
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
There is little evidence-based research and scientific literature available for providing geriatric care for fish patients. Fish can have tremendous longevity. Although the average life span for most fish species can be only a few days to weeks for the beginning hobbyist, it is becoming more common for clients to have animals for several decades with the advent and continued development of improved life-support systems, husbandry, water quality additives, and fish nutrition. This article discusses fish longevity for several popular species, addresses environmental quality issues for geriatric patients, and provides information on the most common challenges, from a veterinary perspective, to maintain fish over the years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Scott Weber
- Aquatic Animal Health, VM: Medicine and Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, 2108 Tupper Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| |
Collapse
|