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Nazir S, Khan N, Fatima M, Azmat H, Naveed S, Ramzan MM, Asghar M, Bano S, Khizer A, Wan AHL, Davies SJ. The influence of dietary protein concentration on digestive enzyme activities, growth, and body composition in juvenile bullseye snakehead (Channa marulius). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281274. [PMID: 36787289 PMCID: PMC9928133 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The bullseye snakehead (Channa marulius) is considered as an affordable and robust freshwater fish for farming in Asia. However, there is limited knowledge on the species' full nutritional requirements to date with extensive gaps in our knowledge and particularly in precision aspects of protein requirements. Therefore, a three-month feeding trial was conducted under semi-intensive farming conditions to determine the protein requirement of bullseye snakehead using test diets containing 40 (P40), 45 (P45), 50 (P50), and 55% (P55) crude protein levels. The growth performance results revealed that the 55% dietary protein group (P55) had the highest final mean weight (14.09 g fish-1), and net weight gain (12.82 g fish-1). When compared to other dietary treatments, the final weight (R2 = 0.921), and weight gain (R2 = 0.913), displayed a linear increasing trend as dietary protein is raised. The lowest FCR was observed in 50% (1.94±0.01) and 55% (1.97±0.01) CP diet groups compared to dietary treatments. Further analysis has shown that the body protein content also significantly increased as dietary protein was raised to 55%. Although, a reverse trend was found in body lipid levels with increasing protein in the diet. The incremental dietary protein also elevated proximal intestinal protease activity but decreased amylase and lipase activity. The overall essential and non-essential amino acids levels of snakehead fillet muscle reflected an increase in dietary protein. Overall, this study has shown that the fish fed a diet with 55% crude protein attained the highest growth performance and nutrient profile of the whole fish when compared to other dietary treatments tested. It would appear we did not obtain the maximum potential for growth under the present experimental conditions due to the upper protein constraint of 55% in the diet. Further quantitative studies are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Nazir
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Noor Khan
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahroze Fatima
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hamda Azmat
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saima Naveed
- Department of Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Asghar
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sheeza Bano
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Khizer
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Alex H. L. Wan
- Aquaculture and Nutrition Research Unit (ANRU), Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute and School of Natural Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway city, Ireland
| | - Simon John Davies
- Aquaculture and Nutrition Research Unit (ANRU), Carna Research Station, Ryan Institute and School of Natural Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, University of Galway, Galway city, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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Qaiser N, Sidra S, Javid A, Iqbal A, Amjad M, Azmat H, Arooj F, Farooq K, Nimra A, Ali Z. Microplastics abundance in abiotic and biotic components along aquatic food chain in two freshwater ecosystems of Pakistan. Chemosphere 2023; 313:137177. [PMID: 36372336 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Contaminants of global concern, microplastics (MPs) have been lately reported to be found almost everywhere. Yet there is limited evidence to suggest if these tiny particles can bioaccumulate and biomagnify along the food chain. The current study was conducted to quantify MPs load in two fresh water bodies i.e. River Ravi (Pakistan) and a fish rearing pond fed with ground water to trace MPs along the food chain including biotic and abiotic components. Samples were taken from air, water, sediments, planktons, fish and avian specimen from both water bodies. Higher MPs were found in all samples taken from river Ravi ranging from 3.0 ± 1.58 MPs items in water to 15.20 ± 3.35 MP items in air as compared to 2.8 ± 1.79 MPs in water to 11.20 ± 1.89 air-borne MP items in fish rearing ponds respectively. The mean value of MP items in the GIT of all species was higher (5.05 ± 2.25) as compared to the respiratory tract (1.57 ± 1.3) suggesting ingestion as main mode of exposure. However, this mode of exposure needs to be further investigated along with other exposure routes. Presence of MPs at all trophic levels under investigation indicates some degree of bioaccumulation of these pollutants in the ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namra Qaiser
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54600, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Safdar Sidra
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54600, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Arshad Javid
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54600, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Asia Iqbal
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54600, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Maria Amjad
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Hamda Azmat
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54600, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Fariha Arooj
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54600, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Komal Farooq
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54600, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Afzal Nimra
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- Environmental Health and Wildlife, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, 54600, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Iqbal KJ, Majeed H, Iqbal KJ, Asghar M, Azmat H, Fatima M, Khan N, Baboo I, Tehseen A, Ali W, Saeed U, Khizar A, Fatima A, Nisa S, Davies SJ. Administration of vitamin E and C enhances immunological and biochemical responses against toxicity of silver nanoparticles in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284285. [PMID: 37104295 PMCID: PMC10138201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to evaluate the toxic effect of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) on biochemical biomarkers, immune responses, and the curative potential effects of vitamin C and E on grass carp. Fish (n = 420) with an average initial body weight of 8.045 ± 0.13 g were shifted to glass aquaria (36 x 18 x 18 inches, filled with 160-L tap water) in triplicates. Aquaria were randomly designated as A, B, C, D with alone Ag-NPs (Control (0), 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 mg/L) and E, F, G with Ag-NPs + Vit. C + Vit. E (0.25+0.25+0.25, 0.50+0.50+0.50, 0.75+0.75+0.75 mg/L). NPs particles were administrated viz, oral and intravenous routes for 7 days. The results indicated that both routes had non-significant effect, but levels of Ag-NPs had significant effect. Treatments C, D and G showed significant decrease in levels of RBC, HGB and HCT except for WBC and NEUT levels, which significantly increased. ALT, ALP, AST, urea, and creatinine showed significant increase in activity in the C, D, and G groups. CAT, SOD decreased significantly in all Ag-NPs alone groups, while significantly increased with vitamin E and C. LYZ, TP, ALB, GLB showed significant low activity in the B, C, and D groups while significantly high activity in the E, F, and G groups. Cortisol, glucose and triglycerides showed significant increase in the B, C, and D groups, while E, F, and G groups showed significant low levels of triglycerides, COR, and GLU. Cholesterol level was same across all treatment groups. In conclusion, vitamin E and C as powerful antioxidants protect the fish against Ag-NPs except high dose level of 0.75mg/L, while 0.25mg/L of Ag-NPs was presumably safe for C. idella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Javed Iqbal
- Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Hamid Majeed
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Jamshed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asghar
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hamda Azmat
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahroze Fatima
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Noor Khan
- Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Baboo
- Department of Zoology, Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Amna Tehseen
- Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Wazir Ali
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Usama Saeed
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ayesha Khizar
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amber Fatima
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Nisa
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Simon John Davies
- College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland, United Kingdom
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Ahmad N, Hussain SM, Rasul A, Shahzad MM, Javid A, Azmat H, Arsalan MZUH, Tabassum S, Ahmad B. Effect of Nano-Se Particles Supplemented Sunflower Meal Based Diets on Mineral Absorption and Carcass Composition of Cirrhinus mrigala Fingerlings. PAK J ZOOL 2022. [DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/20190421160425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Farid M, Khan N, Fatima M, Rasool F, Azmat H, Iqbal KJ, Nazir S, Bano S, Khizar A, Asghar M. Performance evaluation of the commercial aquafeeds available in the market of Pakistan on Channa marulius (Sole). BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 84:e250821. [PMID: 34755812 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.250821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the effect of different levels of protein on the growth, body composition, amino acid profile and serology of Channa marulius fingerlings. The experiment was conducted in ten happas installed in earthen ponds, each stocked with 10 fishes for 90 days. Four commercial fish feeds having 25%, 30%, 32% and 40% crude protein (CP) levels were fed to fish at 3% of their wet body weight three times a day. The results of the study revealed that highest weight gain, feed conversion ratio and survival rate were observed in 30% protein feed. Meanwhile, moisture content was higher in fish fed with 30% CP feed while highest crude protein was recorded in 40% CP fed fish. Lowest fat content was observed in 32% CP feed. Amino acid profile of fish revealed better results in 30% CP feed. Total protein, glucose and globulin were also highest in fish feeding 30% CP feed, while albumin was highest in 40% CP feed. It is concluded that 30% CP feed showed better results in terms of growth, amino acid profile and serological parameters without effecting fish body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Farid
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - N Khan
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Fatima
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - F Rasool
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - H Azmat
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - K J Iqbal
- Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Department of Zoology, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - S Nazir
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S Bano
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A Khizar
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - M Asghar
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
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Ullah A, Azmat H, Masood Z, Arooj F, Hussain SM, Malik A. Impact of dietary leaf extracts of Black pepper Piper nigrum L. on the growth, hematological and immunological parameters of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) cultured in glass aquaria. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e246825. [PMID: 34431909 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.246825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Piper nigrum (black pepper) leaf extract on on the growth performance, proximate composition, hematological parameters, and immune response of Labeo rohita fingerlings with an average weight of 22.14 ± 0.98g. Aftrer acclimation for two weeks, fish (n=25) were randomly selected and placed in four glass aquaria (T0, T1, T2 and T3) at constant water temperature (30.0 ± 1.0 °C), pH (7.50 ± 0.5) and total hardness (200 ± 2.0 mgL,-1) for a period of 12 weeks, with three replicates each. Fish were fed with P. nigrum leaf extract supplemented feed @ 0.0%, 1.0%, 2.0% and 3.0% in T0, T1,T2 and T3, respectively. At the end of experiment, five fish were randomly selected from each aquaria for proximate composition, gut and skin microbial load, hematological parameters. Total proteins, albumins, and globulins were also recorded to evaluate immunological memory. The result revealed that fish in T2 showed better growth performance with an average weight gain of 56.11 ± 0.51 g. Thus, it had been concluded that Piper nigrum, a medicinal plant, can also be used to enhance the growth performance and immune response of Labeo rohita as attractive alternatives against antibiotics and vaccines and has shown no negative side effects on fish health as well as on its environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ullah
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - H Azmat
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Z Masood
- Sardar Bhadur Khan Women's University, Department of Zoology, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - F Arooj
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Environmental Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - S M Hussain
- Government College University, Department of Zoology, Fasisalabad, Pakistan
| | - A Malik
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Lahore, Pakistan
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Jabeen G, Manzoor F, Javid A, Azmat H, Arshad M, Fatima S. Evaluation of Fish Health Status and Histopathology in Gills and Liver Due to Metal Contaminated Sediments Exposure. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2018; 100:492-501. [PMID: 29450571 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2295-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Health status of freshwater fish, Cirrhina mrigala was studied by qualitative and quantitative histopathological analysis, alterations in frequency/prevalence percentages (%) and histological alteration indices (HAI) in response to metal contaminated sediments of the River Ravi aquatic ecosystem. Histo-structures of gill and liver samples of fish were analyzed and comparison between the degree of damage of the alterations in fish organs was performed after exposure to metal contaminated sediments for 7, 14 and 28 days under semi-static water renewal bioassays. Histopathological studies revealed marked histological alterations in the gills and liver of exposed fish as compared to normal tissue structure observed in control fish. The frequency and prevalence percentages observed in 28-day exposed fish were significantly higher as compared to 7- and 14-day exposed fish. The order of frequency and prevalence percentage for gills and liver of exposed fish was as: 28-day > 14-day > 7-day. The highest prevalence percentages recorded were 83 and 80% as focal area of necrosis in gill and liver, respectively, after 28-day exposure. The lowest prevalence percentage observed in 7-day exposed Cirrhina mrigala was dilation of sinusoids (17%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazala Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Farkhanda Manzoor
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Javid
- Faculty of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hamda Azmat
- Faculty of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mateen Arshad
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shafaq Fatima
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Khalil M, Azmat H, Khan N, Javid A, Hussain A, Hussain SM, Ullah A, Abbas S. Growth Responses of Striped Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (Sauvage, 1878) to Exogenous Enzyme Added Feed. PAK J ZOOL 2018. [DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/2018.50.2.685.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hussain SM, Afzal M, Nasir S, Javid A, Azmat H, Mamoona Makhdoom S, Shah SZH, Hussain M, Mustafa I, Iqbal M. Role of phytase supplementation in improving nutrient digestibility and growth performance for Labeo rohita fingerlings fed on canola meal-based diet. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2015.1091331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Syed Makhdoom Hussain
- Fish Nutrition Lab, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Fish Nutrition Lab, Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Fish Nutrition Lab, Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shabab Nasir
- Fish Nutrition Lab, Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Javid
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hamda Azmat
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Syed Zakir Hussain Shah
- Fish Nutrition Lab, Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Majid Hussain
- Department of Zoology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Mustafa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Munawar Iqbal
- National Center of Excellence in Physical Chemistry, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Haider MS, Ashraf M, Azmat H, Khalique A, Javid A, Atique U, Zia M, Iqbal KJ, Akram S. Nutritive evaluation of fish acid silage inLabeo rohitafingerlings feed. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2015.1021811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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