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Matos FG, Stremel ACA, Lipinski LC, Cirelli JA, Dos Santos FA. Dental implants in large animal models with experimental systemic diseases: A systematic review. Lab Anim 2023; 57:489-503. [PMID: 37021606 DOI: 10.1177/00236772221124972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review aims to identify and discuss the most used methodologies in pre-clinical studies for the evaluation of the implementation of dental implants in systemically compromised pigs and sheep. This study provides support and guidance for future research, as well as for the prevention of unnecessary animal wastage and sacrifice. Preferred Reporting for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was used as a guideline; electronic searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, Web of Science, Embase, Science Direct, Brazilian Bibliography of Dentistry, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Directory of Open Access Journals, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and gray literature until January 2022 (PROSPERO/CRD42021270119). Sixty-eight articles were chosen from the 2439 results. Most studies were conducted in pigs, mainly the Göttinger and Domesticus breeds. Healthy animals with implants installed in the jaws were predominant among the pig studies. Of the studies evaluating the effect of systemic diseases on osseointegration, 42% were performed in osteoporotic sheep, 32% in diabetic sheep, and 26% in diabetic pigs. Osteoporosis was primarily induced by bilateral ovariectomy and mainly assessed by X-ray densitometry. Diabetes was induced predominantly by intravenous streptozotocin and was confirmed by blood glucose analysis. Histological and histomorphometric analyses were the most frequently employed in the evaluation of osseointegration. The animal models presented unique methodologies for each species in the studies that evaluated dental implants in the context of systemic diseases. Understanding the most commonly used techniques will help methodological choices and the performance of future studies in implantology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joni Augusto Cirelli
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, State University of São Paulo (Unesp), Brazil
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Zhang Y, Gulati K, Li Z, Di P, Liu Y. Dental Implant Nano-Engineering: Advances, Limitations and Future Directions. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2489. [PMID: 34684930 PMCID: PMC8538755 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) and its alloys offer favorable biocompatibility, mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, which makes them an ideal material choice for dental implants. However, the long-term success of Ti-based dental implants may be challenged due to implant-related infections and inadequate osseointegration. With the development of nanotechnology, nanoscale modifications and the application of nanomaterials have become key areas of focus for research on dental implants. Surface modifications and the use of various coatings, as well as the development of the controlled release of antibiotics or proteins, have improved the osseointegration and soft-tissue integration of dental implants, as well as their antibacterial and immunomodulatory functions. This review introduces recent nano-engineering technologies and materials used in topographical modifications and surface coatings of Ti-based dental implants. These advances are discussed and detailed, including an evaluation of the evidence of their biocompatibility, toxicity, antimicrobial activities and in-vivo performances. The comparison between these attempts at nano-engineering reveals that there are still research gaps that must be addressed towards their clinical translation. For instance, customized three-dimensional printing technology and stimuli-responsive, multi-functional and time-programmable implant surfaces holds great promise to advance this field. Furthermore, long-term in vivo studies under physiological conditions are required to ensure the clinical application of nanomaterial-modified dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Karan Gulati
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Ze Li
- School of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China;
| | - Ping Di
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia;
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Biomimetic Nanomaterials, Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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3
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Wang L, Gao Z, Su Y, Liu Q, Ge Y, Shan Z. Osseointegration of a novel dental implant in canine. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4317. [PMID: 33619303 PMCID: PMC7900171 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83700-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare and verify the osseointegration performance of a novel implant (NI) in vivo, which could provide a useful scientific basis for the further development of NIs. Thirty-two NIs treated with hydrofluoric acid and anodization and sixteen control implants (CIs) were placed in the mandibles of 8 beagles. Micro-CT showed that the trabecular number (Tb.N) significantly increased and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) significantly decreased in the NIs at 2 weeks. Significant differences were found in the trabecular thickness, Tb.N, Tb.Sp, bone surface/bone volume ratio, and bone volume/total volume ratio between the two groups from the 2nd–4th weeks. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups in the bone volume density at 2, 4, 8, or 12 weeks or bone-implant contact at 2 or 4 weeks, but the BIC in the CIs was higher than that in the NIs at the 8th and 12th weeks. Meanwhile, the histological staining showed a similar osseointegration process between the two groups over time. Overall, the NIs could be used as new potential implants after further improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxiao Wang
- Outpatient Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- Outpatient Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yucheng Su
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 41 Damucang Hutong, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100032, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Citident Stomatology Hospital, Beijing, 100032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Liu
- Beijing Citident Stomatology Hospital, Beijing, 100032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Ge
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College Hospital, No. 41 Damucang Hutong, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhaochen Shan
- Outpatient Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
Biomechanical function, specifically implantation technique and immediate surgical fixation, of orthopaedic implants is the primary consideration during the development of orthopaedic implants. Biologic and material characteristics are additional factors to include in the design process because of the direct impact on short- and long-term implant performance. The body's initial interaction with implant materials can affect protein- and cell-based function, thereby either promoting or impeding osseointegration. An understanding and inclusion of the biologic response, material surface morphology, and material surface chemistry in implant design is crucial because these factors ultimately determine implant function and patient outcomes. Highlighting the biologic- and material-related advantages and inadequacies of current and potential implant materials as well as applications may guide further research and development of implant materials and designs.
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Stepanovska J, Matejka R, Rosina J, Bacakova L, Kolarova H. Treatments for enhancing the biocompatibility of titanium implants. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2020; 164:23-33. [PMID: 31907491 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2019.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Titanium surface treatment is a crucial process for achieving sufficient osseointegration of an implant into the bone. If the implant does not heal sufficiently, serious complications may occur, e.g. infection, inflammation, aseptic loosening of the implant, or the stress-shielding effect, as a result of which the implant may need to be reoperated. After a titanium graft has been implanted, several interactions are crucial in order to create a strong bone-implant connection. It is essential that cells adhere to the surface of the implant. Surface roughness has a significant influence on cell adhesion, and also on improving and accelerating osseointegration. Other highly important factors are biocompatibility and resistance to bacterial contamination. Bio-inertness of titanium is ensured by the protective film of titanium oxides that forms spontaneously on its surface. This film prevents the penetration of metal compounds, and it is well-adhesive for calcium and phosphate ions, which are necessary for the formation of the mineralized bone structure. Since the presence of the film alone is not sufficient for the biocompatibility of titanium, a suitable surface finish is required to create a firm bone-implant connection. In this review, we explain and compare the most widely-used methods for modulating the surface roughness of titanium implants in order to enhance cell adhesion on the surface of the implant, e.g. plasma spraying, sandblasting, acid etching, laser treatment, sol-gel etc., The methods are divided into three overlapping groups, according to the type of modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Stepanovska
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Kladno, Czech Republic.,Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Matejka
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Kladno, Czech Republic.,Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Rosina
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Kladno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Bacakova
- Department of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Kolarova
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Gnilitskyi I, Pogorielov M, Viter R, Ferraria AM, Carapeto AP, Oleshko O, Orazi L, Mishchenko O. Cell and tissue response to nanotextured Ti6Al4V and Zr implants using high-speed femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 21:102036. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2019.102036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Chemical and Structural Characterization of Sandlasted Surface of Dental Implant using ZrO2 Particle with Different Shape. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9040223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The clinical success of dental implantation is associated with the phenomenon of osteointegration. Geometry and topography of the implant surface are critical for the short- and long-term success of an implantation. Modification of the surface of endosseous part of the implant with sandblasting was of special interest for our study. Taking into account the advantages of currently used ceramic abrasives: aluminum oxide, titanium oxide, calcium phosphate, these materials are able to break down during collision with the treated surface, the possibility of incorporation of their residues into the implant surface, as well as the difficulty of removing these residues. This paper aimed to determine the preferred composition and the shape of the abrasive, as well as the treatment regime for ZrO2 sandblasting modification of the surface of the endosseous part of the dental implant. Tetragonal and cubic solid solutions are based on ZrO2, as an abrasive that is applied for zirconium-niobium alloy sandblasting under different pressures. Optical and scanning electron microscopy, the physical and chemical state of the surface of implants as well as contact angle measurement and cell viability were used to assess surface after sandblasting. The results demonstrate the potential of using granular powders that are based on zirconium dioxide as an abrasive to create a rough surface on endosseous part of dental implants made from zirconium-based alloys. It does not lead to a significant change in the chemical composition of the surface layer of the alloy and it does not require subsequent etching in order to remove the abrasive particles. Based on structural and chemical characterization, as well as on cell viability and contact angle measurement, sandblasting by tetragonal ZrO2 powder in 4 atm. and an exposure time of 5 s provided the best surface for dental implant application.
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Low-modulus biomedical Ti-30Nb-5Ta-3Zr additively manufactured by Selective Laser Melting and its biocompatibility. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 97:275-284. [PMID: 30678912 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Low Young's modulus titanium alloys, such as Ti-30Nb-5Ta-3Zr (TNTZ) of this study, were promising biocompatible implant materials. In this work, TNTZ samples with relative density of 96.8%-99.2% were additively manufactured by powder-bed based Selective Laser Melting (SLM) through tuning processing parameters, i.e. varying the point distance between 50 and 75 μm, laser exposure time between 135 and 200 μs, and a fixed laser power of 200 W. The microstructure, elastic properties, fatigue properties and machining accuracy of the fabricated samples have been investigated. Lattice structure TNTZ samples with porosity of 77.23% were also fabricated to further reduce the Young's modulus of the TNTZ. According to the Relative Growth Rate (RGR) value, the as-printed TNTZ samples exhibited no cell cytotoxicity, where they showed even better biocompatibility than the comparative, as-printed Ti-6Al-4V samples. The as-printed TNTZ developed by the study demonstrates good biocompatibility, low stress shielding tendency and high mechanical properties.
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Li T, Gulati K, Wang N, Zhang Z, Ivanovski S. Bridging the gap: Optimized fabrication of robust titania nanostructures on complex implant geometries towards clinical translation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 529:452-463. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Gulati K, Hamlet SM, Ivanovski S. Tailoring the immuno-responsiveness of anodized nano-engineered titanium implants. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:2677-2689. [PMID: 32254221 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb00450a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Owing to its biocompatibility and corrosion resistance, titanium is one of the most commonly used implantable biomaterials. Numerous in vitro and in vivo investigations have established that titanium surfaces with a nanoscale topography outperform conventional smooth or micro-rough surfaces in terms of achieving desirable bonding with bone (i.e. enhanced bioactivity). Among these nanoscale topographical modifications, ordered nanostructures fabricated via electrochemical anodization, especially titania nanotubes (TNTs), are particularly attractive. This is due to their ability to augment bioactivity, deliver drugs and the potential for easy/cost-effective translation into the current implant market. However, the potential of TNT-modified implants to modulate the host immune-inflammatory response, which is critical for achieving timely osseointegration, remains relatively unexplored. Such immunomodulatory effects may be achieved by modifying the physical and chemical properties of the TNTs. Furthermore, therapeutic/bioactive enhancements performed on these nano-engineered implants (such as antibacterial or osteogenic functions) are likely to illicit an immune response which needs to be appropriately controlled. The lack of sufficient in-depth studies with respect to immune cell responses to TNTs has created research gaps that must be addressed in order to facilitate the design of the next generation of immuno-modulatory titanium implants. This review article focuses on the chemical, topographical and mechanical features of TNT-modified implants that can be manipulated in order to achieve immuno-modulation, as well as providing an insight into how modulating the immune response can augment implant performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Gulati
- School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, 288 Herston Road, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia.
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11
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Damiati L, Eales MG, Nobbs AH, Su B, Tsimbouri PM, Salmeron-Sanchez M, Dalby MJ. Impact of surface topography and coating on osteogenesis and bacterial attachment on titanium implants. J Tissue Eng 2018; 9:2041731418790694. [PMID: 30116518 PMCID: PMC6088466 DOI: 10.1177/2041731418790694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Titanium (Ti) plays a predominant role as the material of choice in orthopaedic and dental implants. Despite the majority of Ti implants having long-term success, premature failure due to unsuccessful osseointegration leading to aseptic loosening is still too common. Recently, surface topography modification and biological/non-biological coatings have been integrated into orthopaedic/dental implants in order to mimic the surrounding biological environment as well as reduce the inflammation/infection that may occur. In this review, we summarize the impact of various Ti coatings on cell behaviour both in vivo and in vitro. First, we focus on the Ti surface properties and their effects on osteogenesis and then on bacterial adhesion and viability. We conclude from the current literature that surface modification of Ti implants can be generated that offer both osteoinductive and antimicrobial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila Damiati
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Marcus G Eales
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Angela H Nobbs
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Bo Su
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Penelope M Tsimbouri
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Manuel Salmeron-Sanchez
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Matthew J Dalby
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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12
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Gulati K, Ivanovski S. Dental implants modified with drug releasing titania nanotubes: therapeutic potential and developmental challenges. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:1009-1024. [PMID: 27892717 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1266332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The transmucosal nature of dental implants presents a unique therapeutic challenge, requiring not only rapid establishment and subsequent maintenance of osseointegration, but also the formation of resilient soft tissue integration. Key challenges in achieving long-term success are sub-optimal bone integration in compromised bone conditions and impaired trans-mucosal tissue integration in the presence of a persistent oral microbial biofilm. These challenges can be targeted by employing a drug-releasing implant modification such as TiO2 nanotubes (TNTs), engineered on titanium surfaces via electrochemical anodization. Areas covered: This review focuses on applications of TNT-based dental implants towards achieving optimal therapeutic efficacy. Firstly, the functions of TNT implants will be explored in terms of their influence on osseointegration, soft tissue integration and immunomodulation. Secondly, the developmental challenges associated with such implants are reviewed including sterilization, stability and toxicity. Expert opinion: The potential of TNTs is yet to be fully explored in the context of the complex oral environment, including appropriate modulation of alveolar bone healing, immune-inflammatory processes, and soft tissue responses. Besides long-term in vivo assessment under masticatory loading conditions, investigating drug-release profiles in vivo and addressing various technical challenges are required to bridge the gap between research and clinical dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karan Gulati
- a School of Dentistry and Oral Health , Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia.,b Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM) Group, Understanding Chronic Conditions (UCC) Program, Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- a School of Dentistry and Oral Health , Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia.,b Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (TERM) Group, Understanding Chronic Conditions (UCC) Program, Menzies Health Institute Queensland , Griffith University , Gold Coast , Australia
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Ding X, Zhou L, Wang J, Zhao Q, Lin X, Gao Y, Li S, Wu J, Rong M, Guo Z, Lai C, Lu H, Jia F. The effects of hierarchical micro/nanosurfaces decorated with TiO2 nanotubes on the bioactivity of titanium implants in vitro and in vivo. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:6955-73. [PMID: 26635472 PMCID: PMC4646597 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s87347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, a hierarchical hybrid micro/nanostructured titanium surface was obtained by sandblasting with large grit and acid etching (SLA), and nanotubes of different diameters (30 nm, 50 nm, and 80 nm) were superimposed by anodization. The effect of each SLA-treated surface decorated with nanotubes (SLA + 30 nm, SLA + 50 nm, and SLA + 80 nm) on osteogenesis was studied in vitro and in vivo. The human MG63 osteosarcoma cell line was used for cytocompatibility evaluation, which showed that cell adhesion and proliferation were dramatically enhanced on SLA + 30 nm. In comparison with cells grown on the other tested surfaces, those grown on SLA + 80 nm showed an enhanced expression of osteogenesis-related genes. Cell spread was also enhanced on SLA + 80 nm. A canine model was used for in vivo evaluation of bone bonding. Histological examination demonstrated that new bone was formed more rapidly on SLA-treated surfaces with nanotubes (especially SLA + 80 nm) than on those without nanotubes. All of these results indicate that SLA + 80 nm is favorable for promoting the activity of osteoblasts and early bone bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Ding
- Center of Oral Implantology, Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Center of Oral Implantology, Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingxu Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxia Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Lin
- Center of Oral Implantology, Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Gao
- Center of Oral Implantology, Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaobing Li
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Wu
- Center of Oral Implantology, Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingdeng Rong
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zehong Guo
- Center of Oral Implantology, Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhua Lai
- Center of Oral Implantology, Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Lu
- Department of Periodontics and Implantology, Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Jia
- Center of Oral Implantology, Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Soares PBF, Moura CCG, Rocha Júnior HAD, Dechichi P, Zanetta-Barbosa D. Biological characterization of implant surfaces - in vitro study. REVISTA DE ODONTOLOGIA DA UNESP 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-2577.1087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
<title>Abstract</title><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Evaluate the biological performance of titanium alloys grade IV under different surface treatments: sandblasting and double etching (Experimental surface 1; Exp1, NEODENT); surface with wettability increase (Experimental surface 2; Exp2, NEODENT) on response of preliminary differentiation and cell maturation.</p></sec><sec><title>Material and method</title><p>Immortalized osteoblast cells were plated on Exp1 and Exp2 titanium discs. The polystyrene plate surface without disc was used as control group (C). Cell viability was assessed by measuring mitochondrial activity (MTT) at 4 and 24 h (n = 5), cell attachment was performed using trypan blue exclusion within 4 hours (n = 5), serum total protein and alkaline phosphatase normalization was performed at 4, 7 and 14 days (n = 5). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey test.</p></sec><sec><title>Result</title><p>The values of cell viability were: 4h: C– 0.32±0.01<sup>A</sup>; Exp1– 0.34±0.08<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 0.29±0.03<sup>A</sup>. 24h: C– 0.43±0.02<sup>A</sup>; Exp1– 0.39±0.01<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 0.37±0.03<sup>A</sup>. The cell adhesion counting was: C– 85±10<sup>A</sup>; Exp1- 35±5<sup>B</sup>; Exp2– 20±2<sup>B</sup>. The amounts of serum total protein were 4d: C– 40±2<sup>B</sup>; Exp1– 120±10<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 130±20<sup>A</sup>. 7d: C– 38±2<sup>B</sup>; Exp1– 75±4<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 70±6<sup>A</sup>. 14 d: C– 100±3<sup>A</sup>; Exp1– 130±5<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 137±9<sup>A</sup>. The values of alkaline phosphatase normalization were: 4d: C– 2.0±0.1<sup>C</sup>; Exp1– 5.1±0.8<sup>B</sup>; Exp2– 9.8±2.0<sup>A</sup>. 7d: C– 1.0±0.01<sup>C</sup>; Exp1– 5.3±0.5<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 3.0±0.3<sup>B</sup>. 14 d: C– 4.1±0.3<sup>A</sup>; Exp1– 4.4±0.8<sup>A</sup>; Exp2– 2.2±0.2<sup>B</sup>. Different letters related to statistical differences.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The surfaces tested exhibit different behavior at dosage of alkaline phosphatase normalization showing that the Exp2 is more associated with induction of cell differentiation process and that Exp1 is more related to the mineralization process.</p></sec>
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Gulati K, Kogawa M, Maher S, Atkins G, Findlay D, Losic D. Titania Nanotubes for Local Drug Delivery from Implant Surfaces. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20346-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Quantification of osseointegration of plasma-polymer coated titanium alloyed implants by means of microcomputed tomography versus histomorphometry. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:103137. [PMID: 26064874 PMCID: PMC4430627 DOI: 10.1155/2015/103137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A common method to derive both qualitative and quantitative data to evaluate osseointegration of implants is histomorphometry. The present study describes a new image reconstruction algorithm comparing the results of bone-to-implant contact (BIC) evaluated by means of µCT with histomorphometry data. Custom-made conical titanium alloyed (Ti6Al4V) implants were inserted in the distal tibial bone of female Sprague-Dawley rats. Different surface configurations were examined: Ti6Al4V implants with plasma-polymerized allylamine (PPAAm) coating and plasma-polymerized ethylenediamine (PPEDA) coating as well as implants without surface coating. After six weeks postoperatively, tibiae were explanted and BIC was determined by µCT (3D) and afterwards by histomorphometry (2D). In comparison to uncoated Ti6Al4V implants demonstrating low BIC of 32.4% (histomorphometry) and 51.3% (µCT), PPAAm and PPEDA coated implants showed a nonsignificant increase in BIC (histomorphometry: 45.7% and 53.5% and µCT: 51.8% and 62.0%, resp.). Mean BIC calculated by µCT was higher for all surface configurations compared to BIC detected by histomorphometry. Overall, a high correlation coefficient of 0.70 (p < 0.002) was found between 3D and 2D quantification of BIC. The μCT analysis seems to be suitable as a nondestructive and accurate 3D imaging method for the evaluation of the bone-implant interface.
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Li Y, Fu Q, Qi Y, Shen M, Niu Q, Hu K, Kong L. Effect of a hierarchical hybrid micro/nanorough strontium-loaded surface on osseointegration in osteoporosis. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04914h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of a hierarchical hybrid micro/nanorough titanium strontium-loaded (MNT-Sr) surface on osseointegration under osteoporotic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- School of Stomatology
- The Fourth Military Medical University
- Xi'an 710032
| | - Qian Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- School of Stomatology
- The Fourth Military Medical University
- Xi'an 710032
| | - Yaping Qi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- School of Stomatology
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang 050000
- PR China
| | - Mingming Shen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- School of Stomatology
- The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang 050000
- PR China
| | - Qiang Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- School of Stomatology
- The Fourth Military Medical University
- Xi'an 710032
| | - Kaijin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- School of Stomatology
- The Fourth Military Medical University
- Xi'an 710032
| | - Liang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- School of Stomatology
- The Fourth Military Medical University
- Xi'an 710032
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18
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Losic D, Aw MS, Santos A, Gulati K, Bariana M. Titania nanotube arrays for local drug delivery: recent advances and perspectives. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 12:103-27. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.945418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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19
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Vacuum extraction enhances rhPDGF-BB immobilization on nanotubes to improve implant osseointegration in ovariectomized rats. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2014; 10:1809-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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20
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Katunar MR, Gomez Sanchez A, Ballarre J, Baca M, Vottola C, Orellano JC, Schell H, Duffo G, Cere S. Can anodised zirconium implants stimulate bone formation? Preliminary study in rat model. Prog Biomater 2014; 3:24. [PMID: 29470722 PMCID: PMC5151104 DOI: 10.1007/s40204-014-0024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties and good biocompatibility of zirconium and some of its alloys make these materials good candidates for biomedical applications. The attractive in vivo performance of zirconium is mainly due to the presence of a protective oxide layer. In this preliminary study, the surface of pure zirconium modified by anodisation in acidic media at low potentials to enhance its barrier protection given by the oxides and osseointegration. Bare, commercially pure zirconium cylinders were compared to samples anodised at 30 V through electrochemical tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For both conditions, in vivo tests were performed in a rat tibial osteotomy model. The histological features and fluorochrome-labelling changes of newly bone formed around the implants were evaluated on the non-decalcified sections 63 days after surgery. Electrochemical tests and SEM images show that the anodisation treatment increases the barrier effect over the material and the in vivo tests show continuous newly formed bone around the implant with a different amount of osteocytes in their lacunae depending on the region. There was no significant change in bone thickness around either kind of implant but the anodised samples had a significantly higher mineral apposition, suggesting that the anodisation treatment stimulates and assists the osseointegration process. We conclude that anodisation treatment at 30 V can stimulate the implant fixation in a rat model, making zirconium a strong candidate material for permanent implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Katunar
- Corrosion Division, INTEMA, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, Juan B. Justo 4302, B7608FDQ, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - Andrea Gomez Sanchez
- Corrosion Division, INTEMA, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, Juan B. Justo 4302, B7608FDQ, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Josefina Ballarre
- Corrosion Division, INTEMA, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, Juan B. Justo 4302, B7608FDQ, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Matias Baca
- Traumatologia y Ortopedia, Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos "Oscar Alende", Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Carlos Vottola
- Traumatologia y Ortopedia, Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos "Oscar Alende", Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan C Orellano
- Traumatologia y Ortopedia, Hospital Interzonal General de Agudos "Oscar Alende", Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Hanna Schell
- Center of Muskuloeskeletal Surgery, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Plats 1, D-13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gustavo Duffo
- Departamento de Materiales, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, CONICET, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Gral. San Martín, Av. Gral. Paz 1499, B1650KNA, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvia Cere
- Corrosion Division, INTEMA, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, Juan B. Justo 4302, B7608FDQ, Mar del Plata, Argentina
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21
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Rivera-Chacon DM, Alvarado-Velez M, Acevedo-Morantes CY, Singh SP, Gultepe E, Nagesha D, Sridhar S, Ramirez-Vick JE. Fibronectin and vitronectin promote human fetal osteoblast cell attachment and proliferation on nanoporous titanium surfaces. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2013; 9:1092-7. [PMID: 23858975 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2013.1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Improvements in osteoconduction of implant biomaterials require focusing on the bone-implant interface, which is a complex multifactorial system. Surface topography of implants plays a crucial role at this interface. Nanostructured surfaces have been shown to promote serum protein adsorption and osteoblast adhesion when compared to micro-structured surfaces for bone-implant materials. We studied the influence of the serum proteins fibronectin and vitronectin on the attachment and proliferation of osteoblasts onto nanostructured titania surfaces. Human fetal osteoblastic cells hFOB 1.19 were used as model osteoblasts and were grown on nanoporous TiO2 templates, using Ti6AI4V and commercially pure Ti substrates as controls. Results show a significant increase in cell proliferation'on nanoporous TiO2 over flat substrates. Initial cell attachment data exhibited a significant effect by either fibronectin or vitronectin on cell adhesion at the surface of any of the tested materials. In addition, the extent of cell adhesion was significantly different between the nanoporous TiO2 and both Ti6AI4V and commercially pure Ti substrates, with the first showing the highest surface coverage. There was no significant difference on osteoblast attachment or proliferation between the presence of fibronectin or vitronectin using any of the material substrates. Taken together, these results suggest that the increase in osteoblast attachment and proliferation shown on the nanoporous TiO2 is due to an increase in the adsorption of fibronectin and vitronectin because of the higher surface area and to an enhanced protein unfolding, which allows access to osteoblast binding motifs within these proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Rivera-Chacon
- Department of Physics, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00680
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22
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Gomez Sanchez A, Schreiner W, Ballarre J, Cisilino A, Duffó G, Ceré S. Surface modification of titanium by anodic oxidation in phosphoric acid at low potentials. Part 2. In vitro and in vivo study. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.5298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Gomez Sanchez
- INTEMA; Universidad Nacional del Mar del Plata - CONICET; Juan B. Justo 4302 (7600) Mar del Plata Argentina
| | - W. Schreiner
- LSI - LANSEN; Departamento de Física; UFPR. Curitiba Brazil
| | - J. Ballarre
- INTEMA; Universidad Nacional del Mar del Plata - CONICET; Juan B. Justo 4302 (7600) Mar del Plata Argentina
| | - A. Cisilino
- INTEMA; Universidad Nacional del Mar del Plata - CONICET; Juan B. Justo 4302 (7600) Mar del Plata Argentina
| | - G. Duffó
- Departamento de Materiales; Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica - CONICET; Av. Gral. Paz 1499 (1650) San Martín Buenos Aires Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Gral. San Martín; Av. Gral. Paz 1499, (1650) San Martín; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - S. Ceré
- INTEMA; Universidad Nacional del Mar del Plata - CONICET; Juan B. Justo 4302 (7600) Mar del Plata Argentina
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Bruinink A, Bitar M, Pleskova M, Wick P, Krug HF, Maniura-Weber K. Addition of nanoscaled bioinspired surface features: A revolution for bone related implants and scaffolds? J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:275-94. [PMID: 23468287 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2012] [Revised: 01/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Our expanding ability to handle the "literally invisible" building blocks of our world has started to provoke a seismic shift on the technology, environment and health sectors of our society. During the last two decades, it has become increasingly evident that the "nano-sized" subunits composing many materials—living, natural and synthetic—are becoming more and more accessible for predefined manipulations at the nanosize scale. The use of equally nanoscale sized or functionalised tools may, therefore, grant us unprecedented prospects to achieve many therapeutic aims. In the past decade it became clear that nano-scale surface topography significantly influences cell behaviour and may, potentially, be utilised as a powerful tool to enhance the bioactivity and/ or integration of implanted devices. In this review, we briefly outline the state of the art and some of the current approaches and concepts for the future utilisation of nanotechnology to create biomimetic implantable medical devices and scaffolds for in vivo and in vitro tissue engineering,with a focus on bone. Based on current knowledge it must be concluded that not the materials and surfaces themselves but the systematic biological evaluation of these new material concepts represent the bottleneck for new biomedical product development based on nanotechnological principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arie Bruinink
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Laboratory for Materials - Biology Interaction, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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Xiao JR, Li DH, Chen YX, Chen SJ, Guan SM, Kong L. Evaluation of Fixation of Expandable Implants in the Mandibles of Ovariectomized Sheep. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 71:682-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Minagar S, Wang J, Berndt CC, Ivanova EP, Wen C. Cell response of anodized nanotubes on titanium and titanium alloys. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 101:2726-39. [PMID: 23436766 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Titanium and titanium alloy implants that have been demonstrated to be more biocompatible than other metallic implant materials, such as Co-Cr alloys and stainless steels, must also be accepted by bone cells, bonding with and growing on them to prevent loosening. Highly ordered nanoporous arrays of titanium dioxide that form on titanium surface by anodic oxidation are receiving increasing research interest due to their effectiveness in promoting osseointegration. The response of bone cells to implant materials depends on the topography, physicochemistry, mechanics, and electronics of the implant surface and this influences cell behavior, such as adhesion, proliferation, shape, migration, survival, and differentiation; for example the existing anions on the surface of a titanium implant make it negative and this affects the interaction with negative fibronectin (FN). Although optimal nanosize of reproducible titania nanotubes has not been reported due to different protocols used in studies, cell response was more sensitive to titania nanotubes with nanometer diameter and interspace. By annealing, amorphous TiO2 nanotubes change to a crystalline form and become more hydrophilic, resulting in an encouraging effect on cell behavior. The crystalline size and thickness of the bone-like apatite that forms on the titania nanotubes after implantation are also affected by the diameter and shape. This review describes how changes in nanotube morphologies, such as the tube diameter, the thickness of the nanotube layer, and the crystalline structure, influence the response of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Minagar
- IRIS, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
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Carvalho A, Pelaez-Vargas A, Gallego-Perez D, Grenho L, Fernandes M, De Aza A, Ferraz M, Hansford D, Monteiro F. Micropatterned silica thin films with nanohydroxyapatite micro-aggregates for guided tissue regeneration. Dent Mater 2012; 28:1250-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Effects of hydrofluoric acid and anodised micro and micro/nano surface implants on early osseointegration in rats. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 50:779-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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28
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Gao Y, Li Y, Xiao J, Xu L, Hu K, Kong L. Effects of microrough and hierarchical hybrid micro/nanorough surface implants on osseointegration in ovariectomized rats: A longitudinal in vivo microcomputed tomography evaluation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:2159-67. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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29
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Jaatinen JJP, Korhonen RK, Pelttari A, Helminen HJ, Korhonen H, Lappalainen R, Kröger H. Early bone growth on the surface of titanium implants in rat femur is enhanced by an amorphous diamond coating. Acta Orthop 2011; 82:499-503. [PMID: 21504369 PMCID: PMC3237044 DOI: 10.3109/17453674.2011.579522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Amorphous diamond (AD) is a durable and compatible biomaterial for joint prostheses. Knowledge regarding bone growth on AD-coated implants and their early-stage osseointegration is poor. We investigated bone growth on AD-coated cementless intramedullary implants implanted in rats. Titanium was chosen as a reference due to its well-known performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS We placed AD-coated and non-coated titanium implants (R(a) ≈ 0.2 μm) into the femoral bone marrow of 25 rats. The animals were divided in 2 groups according to implant coating and they were killed after 4 or 12 weeks. The osseointegration of the implants was examined from hard tissue specimens by measuring the new bone formation on their surface. RESULTS 4 weeks after the operation, the thickness of new bone in the AD-coated group was greater than that in the non-coated group (15.3 (SD 7.1) μm vs. 7.6 (SD 6.0) μm). 12 weeks after the operation, the thickness of new bone was similar in the non-coated group and in the AD-coated group. INTERPRETATION We conclude that AD coating of femoral implants can enhance bone ongrowth in rats in the acute, early stage after the operation and might be an improvement over earlier coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarkko JP Jaatinen
- Department of Orthopedics, Bone and Cartilage Research Center, Kuopio University Hospital
| | | | | | - Heikki J Helminen
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | | | - Heikki Kröger
- Department of Orthopedics, Bone and Cartilage Research Center, Kuopio University Hospital
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