1
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Sun A, Wang J. Functional Evaluation of P-gp and Bcrp at the Murine Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier. Pharm Res 2023; 40:2667-2675. [PMID: 37704894 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03598-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The brain is protected from circulating metabolites and xenobiotics by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier. Previous studies report that P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) are expressed apically or subapically at the blood-CSF barrier (BCSFB), implying a paradoxical function to mediate blood-to-CSF transport of xenobiotics. As evidence of P-gp and Bcrp activity at the BCSFB is limited, the goal of this study is to investigate functional activity of P-gp and Bcrp at the murine BCSFB using a live tissue imaging approach. METHODS The choroid plexuses (CP) forming the BCSFB were freshly isolated from mouse brain ventricles and incubated with fluorescent probes calcein-AM and BODIPY FL-Prazosin. Using quantitative fluorescence microscopy, the functional contributions of Bcrp and P-gp were examined using inhibitors and mice with targeted deletion of the Abcb1a/b or Abcg2 gene. RESULTS Apical transport of calcein-AM in choroid plexus epithelial (CPE) cells is sensitive to inhibition by elacridar and Ko143 but is unaffected by P-gp deletion. In wild-type mice, elacridar increased CPE accumulation of BODIPY FL-Prazosin by 220% whereas deletion of Bcrp increased BODIPY FL-Prazosin accumulation by 43%. There was no change in Mdr1a/1b mRNA expression in CP tissues from the Bcrp-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated functional activity of Bcrp at the BCSFB apical membrane and provided evidence supporting an additional contribution by P-gp. These findings contribute to the understanding of transport mechanisms that regulate CSF drug concentrations, which may benefit future predictions of CNS drug disposition, efficacy, and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, H272 Health Sciences Building, Seattle, WA, 98195-7610, USA
| | - Joanne Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Washington, H272 Health Sciences Building, Seattle, WA, 98195-7610, USA.
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2
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Lin K, Kong X, Tao X, Zhai X, Lv L, Dong D, Yang S, Zhu Y. Research Methods and New Advances in Drug-Drug Interactions Mediated by Renal Transporters. Molecules 2023; 28:5252. [PMID: 37446913 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney is critical in the human body's excretion of drugs and their metabolites. Renal transporters participate in actively secreting substances from the proximal tubular cells and reabsorbing them in the distal renal tubules. They can affect the clearance rates (CLr) of drugs and their metabolites, eventually influence the clinical efficiency and side effects of drugs, and may produce drug-drug interactions (DDIs) of clinical significance. Renal transporters and renal transporter-mediated DDIs have also been studied by many researchers. In this article, the main types of in vitro research models used for the study of renal transporter-mediated DDIs are membrane-based assays, cell-based assays, and the renal slice uptake model. In vivo research models include animal experiments, gene knockout animal models, positron emission tomography (PET) technology, and studies on human beings. In addition, in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE), ex vivo kidney perfusion (EVKP) models, and, more recently, biomarker methods and in silico models are included. This article reviews the traditional research methods of renal transporter-mediated DDIs, updates the recent progress in the development of the methods, and then classifies and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of each method. Through the sorting work conducted in this paper, it will be convenient for researchers at different learning stages to choose the best method for their own research based on their own subject's situation when they are going to study DDIs mediated by renal transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Xiaorui Kong
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Xufeng Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Linlin Lv
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Deshi Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Shilei Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
| | - Yanna Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China
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3
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Nasyrova RF, Shnayder NA, Osipova SM, Khasanova AK, Efremov IS, Al-Zamil M, Petrova MM, Narodova EA, Garganeeva NP, Shipulin GA. Genetic Predictors of Antipsychotic Efflux Impairment via Blood-Brain Barrier: Role of Transport Proteins. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14051085. [PMID: 37239445 DOI: 10.3390/genes14051085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotic (AP)-induced adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a current problem of biological and clinical psychiatry. Despite the development of new generations of APs, the problem of AP-induced ADRs has not been solved and continues to be actively studied. One of the important mechanisms for the development of AP-induced ADRs is a genetically-determined impairment of AP efflux across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We present a narrative review of publications in databases (PubMed, Springer, Scopus, Web of Science E-Library) and online resources: The Human Protein Atlas; GeneCards: The Human Gene Database; US National Library of Medicine; SNPedia; OMIM Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man; The PharmGKB. The role of 15 transport proteins involved in the efflux of drugs and other xenobiotics across cell membranes (P-gp, TAP1, TAP2, MDR3, BSEP, MRP1, MRP2, MRP3, MRP4, MRP5, MRP6, MRP7, MRP8, MRP9, BCRP) was analyzed. The important role of three transporter proteins (P-gp, BCRP, MRP1) in the efflux of APs through the BBB was shown, as well as the association of the functional activity and expression of these transport proteins with low-functional and non-functional single nucleotide variants (SNVs)/polymorphisms of the ABCB1, ABCG2, ABCC1 genes, encoding these transport proteins, respectively, in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). The authors propose a new pharmacogenetic panel "Transporter protein (PT)-Antipsychotic (AP) Pharmacogenetic test (PGx)" (PTAP-PGx), which allows the evaluation of the cumulative contribution of the studied genetic biomarkers of the impairment of AP efflux through the BBB. The authors also propose a riskometer for PTAP-PGx and a decision-making algorithm for psychiatrists. Conclusions: Understanding the role of the transportation of impaired APs across the BBB and the use of genetic biomarkers for its disruption may make it possible to reduce the frequency and severity of AP-induced ADRs, since this risk can be partially modified by the personalized selection of APs and their dosing rates, taking into account the genetic predisposition of the patient with SSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina F Nasyrova
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint-Petersburg 192019, Russia
- International Centre for Education and Research in Neuropsychiatry, Samara State Medical University, Samara 443016, Russia
| | - Natalia A Shnayder
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint-Petersburg 192019, Russia
- Shared Core Facilities "Molecular and Cell Technologies", V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Sofia M Osipova
- Institute of Personalized Psychiatry and Neurology, V.M. Bekhterev National Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Neurology, Saint-Petersburg 192019, Russia
| | - Aiperi K Khasanova
- Department of Psychiatry, Russian Medical Academy for Continual Professional Education, Moscow 125993, Russia
| | - Ilya S Efremov
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa 450008, Russia
| | - Mustafa Al-Zamil
- Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Continuing Medical Education, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow 117198, Russia
| | - Marina M Petrova
- Shared Core Facilities "Molecular and Cell Technologies", V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Narodova
- Shared Core Facilities "Molecular and Cell Technologies", V.F. Voino-Yasenetsky Krasnoyarsk State Medical University, Krasnoyarsk 660022, Russia
| | - Natalia P Garganeeva
- Department of General Medical Practice and Outpatient Therapy, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - German A Shipulin
- Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks Management, Moscow 119121, Russia
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Benkerroum N, Ismail A. Human Breast Milk Contamination with Aflatoxins, Impact on Children's Health, and Possible Control Means: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16792. [PMID: 36554670 PMCID: PMC9779431 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are natural toxicants produced mainly by species of the Aspergillus genus, which contaminate virtually all feeds and foods. Apart from their deleterious health effects on humans and animals, they can be secreted unmodified or carried over into the milk of lactating females, thereby posing health risks to suckling babies. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is the major and most toxic aflatoxin type after aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). It contaminates human breast milk upon direct ingestion from dairy products or by carry-over from the parent molecule (AFB1), which is hydroxylated in the liver and possibly in the mammary glands by cytochrome oxidase enzymes and then excreted into breast milk as AFM1 during lactation via the mammary alveolar epithelial cells. This puts suckling infants and children fed on this milk at a high risk, especially that their detoxifying activities are still weak at this age essentially due to immature liver as the main organ responsible for the detoxification of xenobiotics. The occurrence of AFM1 at toxic levels in human breast milk and associated health conditions in nursing children is well documented, with developing countries being the most affected. Different studies have demonstrated that contamination of human breast milk with AFM1 represents a real public health issue, which should be promptly and properly addressed to reduce its incidence. To this end, different actions have been suggested, including a wider and proper implementation of regulatory measures, not only for breast milk but also for foods and feeds as the upstream sources for breast milk contamination with AFM1. The promotion of awareness of lactating mothers through the organization of training sessions and mass media disclosures before and after parturition is of a paramount importance for the success of any action. This is especially relevant that there are no possible control measures to ensure compliance of lactating mothers to specific regulatory measures, which can yet be appropriate for the expansion of breast milk banks in industrialized countries and emergence of breast milk sellers. This review attempted to revisit the public health issues raised by mother milk contamination with AFM1, which remains undermined despite the numerous relevant publications highlighting the needs to tackle its incidence as a protective measure for the children physical and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noreddine Benkerroum
- Expertise Aliments Santé, Food Health Consultancy, 7450 Dollier Str., Montréal, QC H1S 2J6, Canada
| | - Amir Ismail
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60000, Pakistan
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5
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Cranberry Ingestion Modulated Drug Transporters and Metabolizing Enzymes: Gefitinib Used as a Probe Substrate in Rats. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185772. [PMID: 36144507 PMCID: PMC9501900 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranberry, a polyphenol-rich functional food, is commonly used for the prophylaxis of urinary tract infections. Gefitinib, an anticancer agent clinically prescribed to treat non-small-cell lung cancer, is a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), and metabolized mainly by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 and CYP2D6. This study used gefitinib as a probe substrate to investigate the modulation of cranberry on P-gp, BCRP, CYP3A4 and CYP2D6. Rats were administered gefitinib with and without 5.0 g/kg of cranberry as juice (CJ). The concentration of gefitinib in serum was determined by LC-MS/MS. The results showed that CJ significantly increased the Cmax and AUC0-t of gefitinib by 28% and 55%, respectively. Mechanism studies indicated that CJ activated P-gp, and cranberry metabolites (CM) inhibited CYP2D6. Moreover, the protein level of P-gp in rat enterocytes was decreased, whereas that in hepatocytes was increased. In addition, the protein levels of BCRP, CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 in enterocytes and hepatocytes were decreased. In conclusion, CJ ingestion affected the activities and protein levels of P-gp, BCRP, CYP3A4 and CYP2D6.
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6
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Joshi P, Patel R, Kang SY, Serbinowski E, Lee MY. Establishment of ion channel and ABC transporter assays in 3D-cultured ReNcell VM on a 384-pillar plate for neurotoxicity potential. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 82:105375. [PMID: 35550413 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Neurotoxicity potential of compounds by inhibition of ion channels and efflux transporters has been studied traditionally using two-dimensionally (2D) cultured cell lines such as CHO and HEK-293 overexpressing the protein of interest. However, these approaches are time consuming and do not recapitulate the activity of ion channels and efflux transporters indigenously expressed in neural stem cells (NSCs) in vivo. To overcome these issues, we established ion channel and transporter assays on a 384-pillar plate with three-dimensionally (3D) cultured ReNcell VM and demonstrated high-throughput measurement of ion channel and transporter activity. RNA sequencing analysis identified major ion channels and efflux transporters expressed in ReNcell VM, followed by validating 3D ReNcell-based ion channel and transporter assays with model compounds. Major ion channel activities were measured by specifically inhibiting potassium channels Kv 7.2 with XE-991 and Kv 4.3 with fluoxetine, and a calcium channel with 2-APB. Activities of major efflux transporters, MDR1, MRP1, and BCRP, were assessed using their respective blockers, verapamil, probenecid, and novobiocin. From this study, we demonstrated that 3D-cultured ReNcell VM on the 384-pillar plate could be a good alternative to rapidly identify environmental chemicals and therapeutic compounds for their role in modulating the activity of ion channels and efflux transporters, potentially leading to neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranav Joshi
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Bioprinting Laboratories Inc, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Rushabh Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA; College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Soo-Yeon Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Emily Serbinowski
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA; College of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Moo-Yeal Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
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7
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Lai Y, Chu X, Di L, Gao W, Guo Y, Liu X, Lu C, Mao J, Shen H, Tang H, Xia CQ, Zhang L, Ding X. Recent advances in the translation of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics science for drug discovery and development. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:2751-2777. [PMID: 35755285 PMCID: PMC9214059 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) is an important branch of pharmaceutical sciences. The nature of ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) and PK (pharmacokinetics) inquiries during drug discovery and development has evolved in recent years from being largely descriptive to seeking a more quantitative and mechanistic understanding of the fate of drug candidates in biological systems. Tremendous progress has been made in the past decade, not only in the characterization of physiochemical properties of drugs that influence their ADME, target organ exposure, and toxicity, but also in the identification of design principles that can minimize drug-drug interaction (DDI) potentials and reduce the attritions. The importance of membrane transporters in drug disposition, efficacy, and safety, as well as the interplay with metabolic processes, has been increasingly recognized. Dramatic increases in investments on new modalities beyond traditional small and large molecule drugs, such as peptides, oligonucleotides, and antibody-drug conjugates, necessitated further innovations in bioanalytical and experimental tools for the characterization of their ADME properties. In this review, we highlight some of the most notable advances in the last decade, and provide future perspectives on potential major breakthroughs and innovations in the translation of DMPK science in various stages of drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Lai
- Drug Metabolism, Gilead Sciences Inc., Foster City, CA 94404, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Chu
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Li Di
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, CT 06340, USA
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Metabolism, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA
| | - Yingying Guo
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46221, USA
| | - Xingrong Liu
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Biogen, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Chuang Lu
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Accent Therapeutics, Inc. Lexington, MA 02421, USA
| | - Jialin Mao
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, A Member of the Roche Group, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Hong Shen
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Huaping Tang
- Bioanalysis and Biomarkers, Glaxo Smith Kline, King of the Prussia, PA 19406, USA
| | - Cindy Q. Xia
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, CDER, FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Xinxin Ding
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Altered protein expression of membrane transporters in isolated cerebral microvessels and brain cortex of a rat Alzheimer's disease model. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 169:105741. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Kacirova I, Grundmann M, Brozmanova H. Valproic Acid Concentrations in Mothers, Colostrum and Breastfed Infants during the Early Postpartum Period: Comparison with Concentrations Determined during Delivery and in the Mature Milk Period. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122074. [PMID: 34959355 PMCID: PMC8708593 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To obtain information on the transport of valproic acid from mothers to colostrum and breastfed infants, in this cohort study, valproic acid concentrations in maternal serum (90 subjects), colostrum and the serum of breastfed infants were analyzed in years 1993–2018, between the 2nd and 5th postnatal days. Valproic acid concentrations ranged from 4.3 to 66.5 mg/L (mean 31.2 ± 13.6 mg/L) in maternal serum, from 0.5 to 5.9 mg/L (mean 1.1 ± 1.2 mg/L) in milk, and from 0.5 to 42.9 mg/L (mean 15.4 ± 9.4 mg/L) in infant serum. The milk/maternal serum concentration ratio ranged from 0.01 to 0.22 (mean 0.04 ± 0.04), and the infant/maternal serum concentration ratio ranged from 0.01 to 1.61 (mean 0.51 ± 0.28). A significant correlation was found between serum concentrations of breastfed infants and milk concentrations, maternal serum concentrations, maternal daily dose, and dose related to maternal body weight. Valproic acid concentrations in milk and infant serum did not reach the lower limit of the reference range used for the general epileptic population, and three-quarters of the concentrations in milk were lower than the lower limit of quantification. Routine monitoring of serum concentrations of breastfed infants is not necessary. If signs of potential adverse reactions are noted, serum concentrations of the infants should be measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Kacirova
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (I.K.); (H.B.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70852 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Grundmann
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (I.K.); (H.B.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70852 Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-59-737-4389
| | - Hana Brozmanova
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, 70300 Ostrava, Czech Republic; (I.K.); (H.B.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Ostrava, 70852 Ostrava, Czech Republic
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10
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Investigation of the role and quantitative impact of breast cancer resistance protein on drug distribution into brain and CSF in rats. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 42:100430. [PMID: 34896751 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2021.100430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) expressed in the blood-brain barrier plays a major role in limiting drug distribution into the central nervous system (CNS). However, functional involvement of BCRP in drug distribution into the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) remains unclear. The aim of present study was to reveal the role and quantitative impact of BCRP on CNS distribution. The brain-to-plasma unbound concentration ratio (Kp,uu,brain) and CSF-to-plasma unbound concentration ratio (Kp,uu,CSF) values of BCRP-specific substrates were determined in rats. The Kp,uu,brain values decreased, as the in vitro BCRP corrected flux ratio (CFR) increased. The Kp,uu,CSF values of BCRP-specific substrates were greater than the Kp,uu,brain values. Increase in the Kp,uu,brain values induced by co-administration of BCRP inhibitor correlated with the in vitro BCRP CFR and were greater than the increase in Kp,uu,CSF values induced by BCRP inhibitor except nebicapone. The contribution of BCRP to the brain and CSF distribution of the dual P-glycoprotein/BCRP substrates, imatinib and prazosin, was similar to that of BCRP-specific substrates. Thus, we revealed that the impact of in vivo BCRP on CNS distribution is correlated with in vitro BCRP CFR, and that BCRP limits drug distribution into the brain more strongly than into the CSF.
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11
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Hermann R, Krajcsi P, Fluck M, Seithel-Keuth A, Bytyqi A, Galazka A, Munafo A. Review of Transporter Substrate, Inhibitor, and Inducer Characteristics of Cladribine. Clin Pharmacokinet 2021; 60:1509-1535. [PMID: 34435310 PMCID: PMC8613159 DOI: 10.1007/s40262-021-01065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cladribine is a nucleoside analog that is phosphorylated in its target cells (B- and T-lymphocytes) to its active adenosine triphosphate form (2-chlorodeoxyadenosine triphosphate). Cladribine tablets 10 mg (Mavenclad®) administered for up to 10 days per year in 2 consecutive years (3.5-mg/kg cumulative dose over 2 years) are used to treat patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis. The ATP-binding cassette, solute carrier, and nucleoside transporter substrate, inhibitor, and inducer characteristics of cladribine are reviewed in this article. Available evidence suggests that the distribution of cladribine across biological membranes is facilitated by a number of uptake and efflux transporters. Among the key ATP-binding cassette efflux transporters, only breast cancer resistance protein has been shown to be an efficient transporter of cladribine, while P-glycoprotein does not transport cladribine well. Intestinal absorption, distribution throughout the body, and intracellular uptake of cladribine appear to be exclusively mediated by equilibrative and concentrative nucleoside transporters, specifically by ENT1, ENT2, ENT4, CNT2 (low affinity), and CNT3. Renal excretion of cladribine appears to be most likely driven by breast cancer resistance protein, ENT1, and P-glycoprotein. The latter may play a role despite its poor cladribine transport efficiency in view of the renal abundance of P-glycoprotein. There is no evidence that solute carrier uptake transporters such as organic anion transporting polypeptides, organic anion transporters, and organic cation transporters are involved in the transport of cladribine. Available in vitro studies examining the inhibitor characteristics of cladribine for a total of 13 major ATP-binding cassette, solute carrier, and CNT transporters indicate that in vivo inhibition of any of these transporters by cladribine is unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Hermann
- Clinical Research Appliance (cr.appliance), Heinrich-Vingerhut-Weg 3, 63571, Gelnhausen, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Alain Munafo
- Institute of Pharmacometrics, an Affiliate of Merck KGaA, Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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Sato S, Matsumiya K, Tohyama K, Kosugi Y. Translational CNS Steady-State Drug Disposition Model in Rats, Monkeys, and Humans for Quantitative Prediction of Brain-to-Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid-to-Plasma Unbound Concentration Ratios. AAPS JOURNAL 2021; 23:81. [PMID: 34085128 PMCID: PMC8175309 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00609-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Capturing unbound drug exposure in the brain is crucial to evaluate pharmacological effects for drugs acting on the central nervous system. However, to date, there are no reports of validated prediction models to determine the brain-to-plasma unbound concentration ratio (Kp,uu,brain) as well as the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-to-plasma unbound concentration ratio (Kp,uu,CSF) between humans and other species. Here, we developed a translational CNS steady-state drug disposition model to predict Kp,uu,brain and Kp,uu,CSF across rats, monkeys, and humans by estimating the relative activity factors (RAF) for MDR1 and BCRP in addition to scaling factors (γ and σ) using the molecular weight, logD, CSF bulk flow, and in vitro transport activities of these transporters. In this study, 68, 26, and 28 compounds were tested in the rat, monkey, and human models, respectively. Both the predicted Kp,uu,brain and Kp,uu,CSF values were within the 3-fold range of the observed values (71, 73, and 79%; 79, 88, and 78% of the compounds, respectively), indicating successful prediction of Kp,uu,brain and Kp,uu,CSF in the three species. The overall predictivity of the RAF approach is consistent with that of the relative expression factor (REF) approach. As the established model can predict Kp,uu,brain and Kp,uu,CSF using only in vitro and physicochemical data, this model would help avoid ethical issues related to animal use and improve CNS drug discovery workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Sato
- Global DMPK, Preclinical and Translational Sciences, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Shonan Health Innovation Park (iPark), 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan.
| | - Kota Matsumiya
- Global DMPK, Preclinical and Translational Sciences, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Shonan Health Innovation Park (iPark), 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Kimio Tohyama
- Global DMPK, Preclinical and Translational Sciences, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Shonan Health Innovation Park (iPark), 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
| | - Yohei Kosugi
- Global DMPK, Preclinical and Translational Sciences, Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Shonan Health Innovation Park (iPark), 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-Chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 251-8555, Japan
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13
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Wen X, Kozlosky D, Zhang R, Doherty C, Buckley B, Barrett E, Aleksunes LM. BCRP/ ABCG2 Transporter Regulates Accumulation of Cadmium in Kidney Cells: Role of the Q141K Variant in Modulating Nephrotoxicity. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:629-637. [PMID: 34074729 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to the environmental pollutant cadmium is ubiquitous, as it is present in cigarette smoke and the food supply. Over time, cadmium enters and accumulates in the kidneys, where it causes tubular injury. The breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ATP-Binding Cassette G2 ABCG2) is an efflux transporter that mediates the urinary secretion of pharmaceuticals and toxins. The ABCG2 genetic variant Q141K exhibits altered membrane trafficking that results in reduced efflux of BCRP substrates. Here, we sought to 1) evaluate the in vitro and in vivo ability of BCRP to transport cadmium and protect kidney cells from toxicity and 2) determine whether this protection is impaired by the Q141K variant. Cadmium concentrations, cellular stress, and toxicity were quantified in human embryonic kidney 293 cells expressing an empty vector (EV), BCRP wild-type (WT), or variant (Q141K) gene. Treatment with CdCl2 resulted in greater accumulation of cadmium and apoptosis in EV cells relative to WT cells. Exposure to CdCl2 induced expression of stress-related genes and proteins including MT-1A/MT-2A, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1, and heme oxygenase-1 to a higher extent in EV cells compared with WT cells. Notably, the Q141K variant protected against CdCl2-induced activation of stress genes and cytotoxicity, but this protection was to a lesser magnitude than observed with WT BCRP. Lastly, concentrations of cadmium in the kidneys of Bcrp knockout mice were 40% higher than in WT mice, confirming that cadmium is an in vivo substrate of BCRP. In conclusion, BCRP prevents the accumulation of cadmium and protects against toxicity, a response that is impaired by the Q141K variant. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The breast cancer resistance protein transporter lowers cellular accumulation of the toxic heavy metal cadmium. This protective function is partially attenuated by the Q141K genetic variant in the ABCG2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., D.K., L.M.A.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., R.Z., C.D., B.B., E.B., L.M.A.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey (R.Z., E.B.)
| | - Danielle Kozlosky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., D.K., L.M.A.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., R.Z., C.D., B.B., E.B., L.M.A.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey (R.Z., E.B.)
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., D.K., L.M.A.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., R.Z., C.D., B.B., E.B., L.M.A.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey (R.Z., E.B.)
| | - Cathleen Doherty
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., D.K., L.M.A.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., R.Z., C.D., B.B., E.B., L.M.A.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey (R.Z., E.B.)
| | - Brian Buckley
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., D.K., L.M.A.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., R.Z., C.D., B.B., E.B., L.M.A.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey (R.Z., E.B.)
| | - Emily Barrett
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., D.K., L.M.A.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., R.Z., C.D., B.B., E.B., L.M.A.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey (R.Z., E.B.)
| | - Lauren M Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., D.K., L.M.A.); Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (X.W., R.Z., C.D., B.B., E.B., L.M.A.); and Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey (R.Z., E.B.)
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14
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Khunweeraphong N, Kuchler K. The first intracellular loop is essential for the catalytic cycle of the human ABCG2 multidrug resistance transporter. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:4059-4075. [PMID: 33169382 PMCID: PMC7756363 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The human multidrug transporter ABCG2 is required for physiological detoxification and mediates anticancer drug resistance. Here, we identify pivotal residues in the first intracellular loop (ICL1), constituting an intrinsic part of the transmission interface. The architecture includes a triple helical bundle formed by the hot spot helix of the nucleotide‐binding domain, the elbow helix, and ICL1. We show here that the highly conserved ICL1 residues G462, Y463, and Y464 are essential for the proper cross talk of the closed nucleotide‐binding domain dimer with the transmembrane domains. Hence, ICL1 acts as a molecular spring, triggering the conformational switch of ABCG2 before substrate extrusion. These data suggest that the ABCG2 transmission interface may offer therapeutic options for the treatment of drug‐resistant malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narakorn Khunweeraphong
- Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.,St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute-CCRI, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl Kuchler
- Max Perutz Labs Vienna, Center for Medical Biochemistry, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
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15
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Zappe K, Cichna-Markl M. Aberrant DNA Methylation of ABC Transporters in Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102281. [PMID: 33066132 PMCID: PMC7601986 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play a crucial role in multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancers. They function as efflux pumps, resulting in limited effectiveness or even failure of therapy. Increasing evidence suggests that ABC transporters are also involved in tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Tumors frequently show multiple genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, including changes in histone modification and DNA methylation. Alterations in the DNA methylation status of ABC transporters have been reported for a variety of cancer types. In this review, we outline the current knowledge of DNA methylation of ABC transporters in cancer. We give a brief introduction to structure, function, and gene regulation of ABC transporters that have already been investigated for their DNA methylation status in cancer. After giving an overview of the applied methodologies and the CpGs analyzed, we summarize and discuss the findings on aberrant DNA methylation of ABC transporters by cancer types. We conclude our review with the discussion of the potential to target aberrant DNA methylation of ABC transporters for cancer therapy.
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16
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Comprehensive Analysis of ABCG2 Genetic Variation in the Polish Population and Its Inter-Population Comparison. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11101144. [PMID: 33003314 PMCID: PMC7600124 DOI: 10.3390/genes11101144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2), also known as breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), is one of the key efflux ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters of xenobiotics, their metabolites and endogenous compounds such as urate. Some of its genetic variants have been found to influence protein functioning, resulting in serious clinical implications concerning chemotherapy response, as well as gout or blood group phenotype Jr(a-). Previous reports have suggested that the frequencies of certain crucial polymorphisms, such as c.34G>A (p.Val12Met) and c.421C>A (p.Gln141Lys) differ significantly between the Polish population and other Caucasian populations. Thus, to clarify this issue, the present study performs a complete analysis of the genetic variation of ABCG2 coding sequence in the Polish population. The genetic variation in 14 out of 15 coding exons of the ABCG2 gene, as well as their flanking intron sequences, were examined among 190 healthy representatives of the Polish population using scanning with High Resolution Melting (HRM). HRM scanning revealed 17 polymorphisms: eight in the exons (including five missense variants and one point-nonsense mutation) and nine in the intron sequences (eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and one deletion variant). These included variants correlating with the presence of gout and phenotype Jr(a-). Linkage disequilibrium, haplotype blocks and haplotype analyses were also performed. The frequencies of the most common polymorphisms in the Polish population did not differ significantly to those observed for other Caucasian populations, but demonstrated divergence from non-Caucasian populations. We hope that our findings may be helpful for other researchers and clinicians, evaluating the pharmacogenetic role of ABCG2.
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17
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Kunjiappan S, Panneerselvam T, Govindaraj S, Parasuraman P, Baskararaj S, Sankaranarayanan M, Arunachalam S, Babkiewicz E, Jeyakumar A, Lakshmanan M. Design, In Silico Modelling, and Functionality Theory of Novel Folate Receptor Targeted Rutin Encapsulated Folic Acid Conjugated Keratin Nanoparticles for Effective Cancer Treatment. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:1966-1982. [PMID: 31267878 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190702145609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Site-specific and toxic-free drug delivery, is an interesting area of research. Nanoengineered drug delivery systems possess a remarkable potential for effective treatment of various types of cancers. METHODS In this study, novel Folic Acid (FA) conjugated keratin nanoparticles (NPs) were assembled with encapsulation and delivery of Rutin (Rt) into breast cancer cells through the overexpressed folate receptor. The biocompatible, Rt encapsulated FA conjugated keratin NPs (FA@Ker NPs) were successfully formulated by a modified precipitation technique. Their morphological shape and size, size distribution, stability, and physical nature were characterized and confirmed. The drug (Rt) encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity and release kinetics were also studied. RESULTS The observed results of molecular docking and density functionality theory of active drug (Rt) showed a strong interaction and non-covalent binding of the folate receptor and facilitation of endocytosis in breast cancer cells. Further, in vitro cytotoxic effect of FA@Ker NPs was screened against MCF-7 cancer cells, at 55.2 µg/mL of NPs and found to display 50% of cell death at 24h. Moreover, the NPs enhanced the uptake of Rt in MCF-7 cells, and the apoptotic effect of condensed nuclei and distorted membrane bodies was observed. Also, NPs entered into the mitochondria of MCF-7 cells and significantly increased the level of ROS which led to cell death. CONCLUSION The developed FA@Ker NPs might be a promising way to enhance anti-cancer activity without disturbing normal healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvaraj Kunjiappan
- Sir CV Raman-KS Krishnan International Research Center, Kalasalingam University, Krishnankoil-626126, India
| | - Theivendren Panneerselvam
- Department of Research and Development, Saraswathi Institute of Medical Sciences, NH-24, Anwarpur, Pilkhuwa, Hapur-245304, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saravanan Govindaraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, MNR College of Pharmacy, Fasalwadi, Sangareddy-502294, Telangana, India
| | - Pavadai Parasuraman
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, MSR Nagar, Bengaluru-560054, Karnataka, India
| | - Suraj Baskararaj
- Sir CV Raman-KS Krishnan International Research Center, Kalasalingam University, Krishnankoil-626126, India
| | | | - Sankarganesh Arunachalam
- Sir CV Raman-KS Krishnan International Research Center, Kalasalingam University, Krishnankoil-626126, India
| | - Ewa Babkiewicz
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw at Biology & Chemistry Research Center, 02-189-Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aarthi Jeyakumar
- Sir CV Raman-KS Krishnan International Research Center, Kalasalingam University, Krishnankoil-626126, India
| | - Muthulakshmi Lakshmanan
- Sir CV Raman-KS Krishnan International Research Center, Kalasalingam University, Krishnankoil-626126, India
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18
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Gupta SK, Singh P, Ali V, Verma M. Role of membrane-embedded drug efflux ABC transporters in the cancer chemotherapy. Oncol Rev 2020; 14:448. [PMID: 32676170 PMCID: PMC7358983 DOI: 10.4081/oncol.2020.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major problems being faced by researchers and clinicians in leukemic treatment is the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) which restrict the action of several tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). MDR is a major obstacle to the success of cancer chemotherapy. The mechanism of MDR involves active drug efflux transport of ABC superfamily of proteins such as Pglycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) that weaken the effectiveness of chemotherapeutics and negative impact on the future of anticancer therapy. In this review, the authors aim to provide an overview of various multidrug resistance (MDR) mechanisms observed in cancer cells as well as the various strategies developed to overcome these MDR. Extensive studies have been carried out since last several years to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy by defeating these MDR mechanisms with the use of novel anticancer drugs that could escape from the efflux reaction, MDR modulators or chemosensitizers, multifunctional nanotechnology, and RNA interference (RNAi) therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, India
| | - Priyanka Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, India
| | - Villayat Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, India
| | - Malkhey Verma
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic & Applied Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Punjab, India
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19
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Transporters in the Mammary Gland-Contribution to Presence of Nutrients and Drugs into Milk. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102372. [PMID: 31590349 PMCID: PMC6836069 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of nutrients and bioactive ingredients found in milk play an important role in the nourishment of breast-fed infants and dairy consumers. Some of these ingredients include physiologically relevant compounds such as vitamins, peptides, neuroactive compounds and hormones. Conversely, milk may contain substances-drugs, pesticides, carcinogens, environmental pollutants-which have undesirable effects on health. The transfer of these compounds into milk is unavoidably linked to the function of transport proteins. Expression of transporters belonging to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC-) and Solute Carrier (SLC-) superfamilies varies with the lactation stages of the mammary gland. In particular, Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides 1A2 (OATP1A2) and 2B1 (OATP2B1), Organic Cation Transporter 1 (OCT1), Novel Organic Cation Transporter 1 (OCTN1), Concentrative Nucleoside Transporters 1, 2 and 3 (CNT1, CNT2 and CNT3), Peptide Transporter 2 (PEPT2), Sodium-dependent Vitamin C Transporter 2 (SVCT2), Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein 5 (ABCC5) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (ABCG2) are highly induced during lactation. This review will focus on these transporters overexpressed during lactation and their role in the transfer of products into the milk, including both beneficial and harmful compounds. Furthermore, additional factors, such as regulation, polymorphisms or drug-drug interactions will be described.
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20
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Kumar A, Jaitak V. Natural products as multidrug resistance modulators in cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 176:268-291. [PMID: 31103904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a prominent cause of death globally. Currently, many drugs that are in clinical practice are having a high prevalence of side effect and multidrug resistance. Risk of tumors acquiring resistance to chemotherapy (multidrug resistance) remains a significant hurdle to the successful treatment of various types of cancer. Membrane-embedded drug transporters, generally overexpressed in cancer, are the leading cause among multiple mechanisms of multidrug resistance (MDR). P-glycoprotein (P-gp) also MDR1/ABCB1, multidrug resistance associated protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1), MRP2 and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) are considered to be a prime factor for induction of MDR. To date, several chemical substances have been tested in a number of clinical trials for their MDR modulatory activity which are not having devoid of any side effects that necessitates to find newer and safer way to tackle the current problem of multidrug resistance in cancer. The present study systematically discusses the various classes of natural products i.e flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, coumarins (from plants, marine, and microorganisms) as potential MDR modulators and/or as a source of promising lead compounds. Recently a bisbenzyl isoquinoline alkaloid namely tetrandrine, isolated from Chinese herb Stephania tetrandra (Han-Fang-Chi) is in clinical trials for its MDR reversal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Mansa Road, Bathinda, 151001, India
| | - Vikas Jaitak
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products, Central University of Punjab, Mansa Road, Bathinda, 151001, India.
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21
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Bhardwaj B, Baidya ATK, Amin SA, Adhikari N, Jha T, Gayen S. Insight into structural features of phenyltetrazole derivatives as ABCG2 inhibitors for the treatment of multidrug resistance in cancer. SAR AND QSAR IN ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 30:457-475. [PMID: 31157558 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2019.1615545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ABCG2 is the principal ABC transporter involved in the multidrug resistance of breast cancer. Looking at the current demand in the development of ABCG2 inhibitors for the treatment of multidrug-resistant cancer, we have explored structural requirements of phenyltetrazole derivatives for ABCG2 inhibition by combining classical QSAR, Bayesian classification modelling and molecular docking studies. For classical QSAR, structural descriptors were calculated from the free software tool PaDEL-descriptor. Stepwise multiple linear regression (SMLR) was used for model generation. A statistically significant model was generated and validated with different parameters (For training set: r = 0.825; Q2 = 0.570 and for test set: r = 0.894, r2pred = 0.783). The predicted model was found to satisfy the Golbraikh and Trospha criteria for model acceptability. Bayesian classification modelling was also performed (ROC scores were 0.722 and 0.767 for the training and test sets, respectively). Finally, the binding interactions of phenyltetrazole type inhibitor with the ABCG2 receptor were mapped with the help of molecular docking study. The result of the docking analysis is aligned with the classical QSAR and Bayesian classification studies. The combined modelling study will guide the medicinal chemists to act faster in the drug discovery of ABCG2 inhibitors for the management of resistant breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bhardwaj
- a Laboratory of Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Dr. Harisingh Gour University , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - A T K Baidya
- a Laboratory of Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Dr. Harisingh Gour University , Madhya Pradesh , India
| | - S A Amin
- b Natural Science Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Division of Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Jadavpur University , Kolkata , India
| | - N Adhikari
- b Natural Science Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Division of Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Jadavpur University , Kolkata , India
| | - T Jha
- b Natural Science Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Division of Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Jadavpur University , Kolkata , India
| | - S Gayen
- a Laboratory of Drug Design and Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Dr. Harisingh Gour University , Madhya Pradesh , India
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22
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Villanueva S, Zhang W, Zecchinati F, Mottino A, Vore M. ABC Transporters in Extrahepatic Tissues: Pharmacological Regulation in Heart and Intestine. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1155-1184. [PMID: 29589524 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180327092639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters are transmembrane proteins expressed in secretory epithelia like the liver, kidneys and intestine, in the epithelia exhibiting barrier function such as the blood-brain barrier and placenta, and to a much lesser extent, in tissues like reproductive organs, lungs, heart and pancreas, among others. They regulate internal distribution of endogenous metabolites and xenobiotics including drugs of therapeutic use and also participate in their elimination from the body. We here describe the function and regulation of ABC transporters in the heart and small intestine, as examples of extrahepatic tissues, in which ABC proteins play clearly different roles. In the heart, they are involved in tissue pathogenesis as well as in protecting this organ against toxic compounds and druginduced oxidative stress. The small intestine is highly exposed to therapeutic drugs taken orally and, consequently, ABC transporters localized on its surface strongly influence drug absorption and pharmacokinetics. Examples of the ABC proteins currently described are Multidrug Resistance-associated Proteins 1 and 2 (MRP1 and 2) for heart and small intestine, respectively, and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) for both organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvina Villanueva
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas, CONICET-UNR. 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Toxicology & Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0305, United States
| | - Felipe Zecchinati
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas, CONICET-UNR. 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Aldo Mottino
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas, CONICET-UNR. 2000 Rosario, Argentina
| | - Mary Vore
- Department of Toxicology & Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0305, United States
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23
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Briz O, Perez-Silva L, Al-Abdulla R, Abete L, Reviejo M, Romero MR, Marin JJG. What "The Cancer Genome Atlas" database tells us about the role of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins in chemoresistance to anticancer drugs. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2019; 15:577-593. [PMID: 31185182 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2019.1631285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Chemotherapy remains the only option for advanced cancer patients when other alternatives are not feasible. Nevertheless, the success rate of this type of therapy is often low due to intrinsic or acquired mechanisms of chemoresistance. Among them, drug extrusion from cancer cells through ATP-binding cassette (ABC) proteins plays an important role. ABC pumps are primary active transporters involved in the barrier and secretory functions of many healthy cells. Areas covered: In this review, we have used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to explore the relationship between the expression of the major ABC proteins involved in cancer chemoresistance in the most common types of cancer, and the drugs used in the treatment of these tumors that are substrates of these pumps. Expert opinion: From unicellular organisms to humans, several ABC proteins play a major role in detoxification processes. Cancer cells exploit this ability to protect themselves from cytostatic drugs. Among the ABC pumps, MDR1, MRPs and BCRP are able to export many antitumor drugs and are expressed in several types of cancer, and further up-regulated during treatment. This event results in the enhanced ability of tumor cells to reduce intracellular drug concentrations and hence the pharmacological effect of chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Briz
- a Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) , University of Salamanca, IBSAL , Salamanca , Spain.,b Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd) , Carlos III National Institute of Health , Madrid , Spain
| | - Laura Perez-Silva
- a Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) , University of Salamanca, IBSAL , Salamanca , Spain
| | - Ruba Al-Abdulla
- a Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) , University of Salamanca, IBSAL , Salamanca , Spain
| | - Lorena Abete
- c Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer" , Sapienza University of Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Maria Reviejo
- a Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) , University of Salamanca, IBSAL , Salamanca , Spain
| | - Marta R Romero
- a Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) , University of Salamanca, IBSAL , Salamanca , Spain.,b Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd) , Carlos III National Institute of Health , Madrid , Spain
| | - Jose J G Marin
- a Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM) , University of Salamanca, IBSAL , Salamanca , Spain.,b Center for the Study of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases (CIBERehd) , Carlos III National Institute of Health , Madrid , Spain
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Roma MG, Barosso IR, Miszczuk GS, Crocenzi FA, Pozzi EJS. Dynamic Localization of Hepatocellular Transporters: Role in Biliary Excretion and Impairment in Cholestasis. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1113-1154. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666171205153204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bile flow generation is driven by the vectorial transfer of osmotically active compounds from sinusoidal blood into a confined space, the bile canaliculus. Hence, localization of hepatocellular transporters relevant to bile formation is crucial for bile secretion. Hepatocellular transporters are localized either in the plasma membrane or in recycling endosomes, from where they can be relocated to the plasma membrane on demand, or endocytosed when the demand decreases. The balance between endocytic internalization/ exocytic targeting to/from this recycling compartment is therefore the main determinant of the hepatic capability to generate bile, and to dispose endo- and xenobiotics. Furthermore, the exacerbated endocytic internalization is a common pathomechanisms in both experimental and human cholestasis; this results in bile secretory failure and, eventually, posttranslational transporter downregulation by increased degradation. This review summarizes the proposed structural mechanisms accounting for this pathological condition (e.g., alteration of function, localization or expression of F-actin or F-actin/transporter cross-linking proteins, and switch to membrane microdomains where they can be readily endocytosed), and the mediators implicated (e.g., triggering of “cholestatic” signaling transduction pathways). Lastly, we discussed the efficacy to counteract the cholestatic failure induced by transporter internalization of a number of therapeutic experimental approaches based upon the use of compounds that trigger exocytic targetting of canalicular transporters (e.g., cAMP, tauroursodeoxycholate). This therapeutics may complement treatments aimed to transcriptionally improve transporter expression, by affording proper localization and membrane stability to the de novo synthesized transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo G. Roma
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental (IFISE) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas (CONICET - U.N.R.), S2002LRL, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Ismael R. Barosso
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental (IFISE) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas (CONICET - U.N.R.), S2002LRL, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Gisel S. Miszczuk
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental (IFISE) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas (CONICET - U.N.R.), S2002LRL, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Fernando A. Crocenzi
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental (IFISE) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas (CONICET - U.N.R.), S2002LRL, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Enrique J. Sánchez Pozzi
- Instituto de Fisiologia Experimental (IFISE) - Facultad de Ciencias Bioquimicas y Farmaceuticas (CONICET - U.N.R.), S2002LRL, Rosario, Argentina
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Mechanisms of Anticancer Drug Resistance in Hepatoblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030407. [PMID: 30909445 PMCID: PMC6468761 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The most frequent liver tumor in children is hepatoblastoma (HB), which derives from embryonic parenchymal liver cells or hepatoblasts. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which rarely affects young people, causes one fourth of deaths due to cancer in adults. In contrast, HB usually has better prognosis, but this is still poor in 20% of cases. Although more responsive to chemotherapy than HCC, the failure of pharmacological treatment used before and/or after surgical resection is an important limitation in the management of patients with HB. To advance in the implementation of personalized medicine it is important to select the best combination among available anti-HB drugs, such as platinum derivatives, anthracyclines, etoposide, tyrosine-kinase inhibitors, Vinca alkaloids, 5-fluorouracil, monoclonal antibodies, irinotecan and nitrogen mustards. This requires predicting the sensitivity to these drugs of each tumor at each time because, it should be kept in mind, that cancer chemoresistance is a dynamic process of Darwinian nature. For this goal it is necessary to improve our understanding of the mechanisms of chemoresistance involved in the refractoriness of HB against the pharmacological challenge and how they evolve during treatment. In this review we have summarized the current knowledge on the multifactorial and complex factors responsible for the lack of response of HB to chemotherapy.
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26
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Safar Z, Kis E, Erdo F, Zolnerciks JK, Krajcsi P. ABCG2/BCRP: variants, transporter interaction profile of substrates and inhibitors. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2019; 15:313-328. [PMID: 30856014 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2019.1591373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION ABCG2 has a broad substrate specificity and is one of the most important efflux proteins modulating pharmacokinetics of drugs, nutrients and toxicokinetics of toxicants. ABCG2 is an important player in transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions (tDDI). Areas covered: The aims of the review are i) to cover transporter interaction profile of substrates and inhibitors that can be utilized to test interaction of drug candidates with ABCG2, ii) to highlight main characteristics of in vitro testing and iii) to describe the structural basis of the broad substrate specificity of the protein. Preclinical data utilizing Abcg2/Bcrp1 knockouts and clinical studies showing effect of ABCG2 c.421C>A polymorphism on pharmacokinetics of drugs have provided evidence for a broad array of drug substrates and support drug - ABCG2 interaction testing. A consensus on using rosuvastatin and sulfasalazine as intestinal substrates for clinical studies is in the formation. Other substrates relevant to the therapeutic area can be considered. Monolayer efflux assays and vesicular transport assays have been extensively utilized in vitro. Expert opinion: Clinical substrates display complex pharmacokinetics due to broad interaction profiles with multiple transporters and metabolic enzymes. Substrate-dependent inhibition has been observed for several inhibitors. Harmonization of in vitro and in vivo testing makes sense. However, rosuvastatin and sulfasalazine are not efficiently transported in either MDCKII or LLC-PK1-based monolayers. Caco-2 monolayer assays and vesicular transport assays are potential alternatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emese Kis
- a SOLVO Biotechnology , Szeged , Hungary
| | - Franciska Erdo
- b Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics , Pázmány Péter Catholic University , Budapest , Hungary
| | | | - Peter Krajcsi
- a SOLVO Biotechnology , Szeged , Hungary.,d Department of Morphology and Physiology. Faculty of Health Sciences , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
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Gleich A, Kaiser B, Honscha W, Fuhrmann H, Schoeniger A. Evaluation of the hepatocyte-derived cell line BFH12 as an in vitro model for bovine biotransformation. Cytotechnology 2019; 71:231-244. [PMID: 30617848 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-018-0279-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The knowledge of drug metabolising enzymes (DMEs) in cattle is rather limited. The capability of the bovine foetal hepatocyte-derived cell line BFH12 to serve as model for biotransformation was evaluated. Gene expression analysis of DMEs was performed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). The presence of efflux transporters was visualised by immunocytochemistry, and functional induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A was assessed by the ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) assay. The production of bile acids was measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). RT-PCR revealed the expression of cytochromes 1A1, 1A2, 3A4 and phase II enzymes UGT1A1, UGT1A6 and GSTM1. Immunofluorescence demonstrated efflux transporters ABCG2 and ABCC1. The EROD assay revealed a dose-dependent CYP1A induction after treatment with benzo[a]pyrene (BP). LC-MS/MS analysis of cell culture supernatants showed the production of bile acids including taurocholic acid, tauro-chenodeoxycholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid and taurolithocholic acid. The results strongly suggest the applicability of the cell line BFH12 for subsequent experiments in the emerging field of bovine biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Gleich
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Bastian Kaiser
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 7, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Walther Honscha
- Institute of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Herbert Fuhrmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Axel Schoeniger
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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28
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Xu R, Yuan Y, Qi J, Zhou J, Guo X, Zhang J, Zhan R. Elucidation of the Intestinal Absorption Mechanism of Loganin in the Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cell Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:8340563. [PMID: 30671130 PMCID: PMC6323428 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8340563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Loganin, iridoid glycosides, is the main bioactive ingredients in the plant Strychnos nux-vomica L. and demonstrates various pharmacological effects, though poor oral bioavailability in rats. In this study, the intestinal absorption mechanism of loganin was investigated using the human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayer model in both the apical-to-basolateral (A-B) and the basolateral-to-apical (B-A) direction; additionally, transport characteristics were systematically investigated at different concentrations, pHs, temperatures, and potential transporters. The absorption permeability (PappAB) of loganin, which ranged from 12.17 to 14.78 × 10-6cm/s, was high at four tested concentrations (5, 20, 40, and 80μM), while the major permeation mechanism of loganin was found to be passive diffusion with active efflux mediated by multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). In addition, it was found that loganin was not the substrate of efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) since the selective inhibitor (verapamil) of the efflux transporter exhibited little effects on the transport of loganin in the human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Meanwhile, transport from the apical to the basolateral side increased 2.09-fold after addition of a MRP inhibitor and 2.32-fold after addition of a BCRP inhibitor. In summary, our results clearly demonstrate, for the first time, a good permeability of loganin in the human intestinal Caco-2 cell model and elucidate, in detail, the intestinal absorption mechanism and the effects of transporters on iridoid glycosides compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Yichu Yuan
- Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai200127, China
| | - Jia Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Xiaowen Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200092, China
| | - Ruanjuan Zhan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou325035, China
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Zhou Y, Li H, Xu P, Sun L, Wang Q, Lu Q, Yuan H, Liu Y. Paliperidone, a relatively novel atypical antipsychotic drug, is a substrate for breast cancer resistance protein. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:5410-5416. [PMID: 30542502 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Paliperidone (PAL) is a relatively novel atypical antipsychotic drug for schizophrenia that induces markedly varying responses. Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) is a recently discovered member of the ATP-binding cassette superfamily that has been used to control drug absorption, distribution and elimination, and especially to impede drug entry into the brain. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to investigate the possibility of using PAL as a BCRP substrate. The intracellular accumulation and bidirectional transport were investigated using transfected 293 cell/BCRP and porcine renal endothelial cell (LLC-PK1)/BCRP cell monolayers and BCRP overexpression was confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis. The in vitro affinity to BCRP was assessed in human BCRP (Arg482) membranes. The intracellular accumulation and bidirectional transport investigations demonstrated that BCRP can efflux PAL from cells and significantly decrease its cellular concentration over a concentration range of 0.1-50 µM. The in vitro affinity experiments indicated that PAL has a moderate affinity to BCRP at 0.1-100 µM. These results together suggest that PAL is a substrate for BCRP and that it can affect the blood-brain barrier penetration of PAL at therapeutic dosages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Huande Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Qiong Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yiping Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
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30
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Correlation Analysis of Potential Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Probes in Different Monolayer Systems. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:2742-2747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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31
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Chedik L, Bruyere A, Bacle A, Potin S, Le Vée M, Fardel O. Interactions of pesticides with membrane drug transporters: implications for toxicokinetics and toxicity. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2018; 14:739-752. [DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2018.1487398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Chedik
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Arnaud Bruyere
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Astrid Bacle
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
- Pôle Pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Potin
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
- Pôle Pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, France
| | - Marc Le Vée
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Fardel
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
- Pôle Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, France
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32
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Impact of NR1I2, adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of ginsenoside compound K in healthy Chinese volunteers. J Ginseng Res 2018; 43:460-474. [PMID: 31308818 PMCID: PMC6606825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ginsenoside compound K (CK) is a promising drug candidate for rheumatoid arthritis. This study examined the impact of polymorphisms in NR1I2, adenosine triphosphate–binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes on the pharmacokinetics of CK in healthy Chinese individuals. Methods Forty-two targeted variants in seven genes were genotyped in 54 participants using Sequenom MassARRAY system to investigate their association with major pharmacokinetic parameters of CK and its metabolite 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD). Subsequently, molecular docking was simulated using the AutoDock Vina program. Results ABCC4 rs1751034 TT and rs1189437 TT were associated with increased exposure of CK and decreased exposure of 20(S)-PPD, whereas CFTR rs4148688 heterozygous carriers had the lowest maximum concentration (Cmax) of CK. The area under the curve from zero to the time of the last quantifiable concentration (AUClast) of CK was decreased in NR1I2 rs1464602 and rs2472682 homozygous carriers, while Cmax was significantly reduced only in rs2472682. ABCC4 rs1151471 and CFTR rs2283054 influenced the pharmacokinetics of 20(S)-PPD. In addition, several variations in ABCC2, ABCC4, CFTR, and NR1I2 had minor effects on the pharmacokinetics of CK. Quality of the best homology model of multidrug resistance protein 4 (MRP4) was assessed, and the ligand interaction plot showed the mode of interaction of CK with different MRP4 residues. Conlusion ABCC4 rs1751034 and rs1189437 affected the pharmacokinetics of both CK and 20(S)-PPD. NR1I2 rs1464602 and rs2472682 were only associated with the pharmacokinetics of CK. Thus, these hereditary variances could partly explain the interindividual differences in the pharmacokinetics of CK.
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33
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Li N, Sui Z, Liu Y, Wang D, Ge G, Yang L. A fast screening model for drug permeability assessment based on native small intestinal extracellular matrix. RSC Adv 2018; 8:34514-34524. [PMID: 35548601 PMCID: PMC9086926 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05992f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Caco-2 cell monolayer model is widely utilized to predict drug permeability across human intestinal epithelial cells. However, at least 21 days is required for the formation and maturation of a well-tight Caco-2 cell monolayer, thereby restricting the throughput of the screening model during drug discovery. To address this challenge, a fast (7 days), and more physiologically relevant screening model integrating both the Caco-2 cell model and a small intestinal submucosa (SIS) hydrogel was developed in this study. The 7 day model exhibited desirable phenotype and functional similarity to the conventional 21 day Caco-2 model with respect to paracellular resistance, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, and the mRNA expression level of three transporters (PEPT1, OATP1A2, and P-gp) as well as their mediated influx or efflux. Besides, the increased gene expression of two excretive transporters (BCRP, MRP2) and their enhanced functionality were observed in the current fast model compared to the traditional 21 day model. More importantly, a strong correlation (r2 = 0.9458) was obtained between the absorptive Papp values of 19 model compounds in the 7 day model and those in the conventional 21 day model. These results revealed the pivotal role of the native extracellular matrix (SIS) in facilitating the differentiation of Caco-2 cells, leading to the reconstruction of the accelerated 7 day model, which presents a promising tool for screening drug permeability in future drug discovery. Application of a native decellularized small intestinal extracellular matrix for the construction of a fast screening model for drug absorption evaluation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 201203
- China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
| | - Zhigang Sui
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Dalian
- China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Life Science and Medicine
- Dalian University of Technology
- Panjin
- China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Guangbo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 201203
- China
| | - Ling Yang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
- Shanghai 201203
- China
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34
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Brackman DJ, Giacomini KM. Reverse Translational Research of ABCG2 (BCRP) in Human Disease and Drug Response. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 103:233-242. [PMID: 29023674 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reverse translational research takes a bedside-to-bench approach, using sophisticated basic research to explain the biological mechanisms behind observed clinical data. For transporters, which play a role in human disease and drug response, this approach offers a distinct advantage over the typical translational research, which often falters due to inadequate in vitro and preclinical animal models. Research on ABCG2, which encodes the Breast Cancer Resistance Protein, has benefited immensely from a reverse translational approach due to its broad implications for disease susceptibility and both therapeutic and adverse drug response. In this review, we describe the success of reverse translational research for ABCG2 and opportunities for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna J Brackman
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kathleen M Giacomini
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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35
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Structure-function relationships in ABCG2: insights from molecular dynamics simulations and molecular docking studies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15534. [PMID: 29138424 PMCID: PMC5686161 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15452-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Efflux pumps of the ATP-binding cassette transporters superfamily (ABC transporters) are frequently involved in the multidrug-resistance (MDR) phenomenon in cancer cells. Herein, we describe a new atomistic model for the MDR-related ABCG2 efflux pump, also named breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), based on the recently published crystallographic structure of the ABCG5/G8 heterodimer sterol transporter, a member of the ABCG family involved in cholesterol homeostasis. By means of molecular dynamics simulations and molecular docking, a far-reaching characterization of the ABCG2 homodimer was obtained. The role of important residues and motifs in the structural stability of the transporter was comprehensively studied and was found to be in good agreement with the available experimental data published in literature. Moreover, structural motifs potentially involved in signal transmission were identified, along with two symmetrical drug-binding sites that are herein described for the first time, in a rational attempt to better understand how drug binding and recognition occurs in ABCG2 homodimeric transporters.
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36
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García-Mateos D, García-Villalba R, Marañón JA, Espín JC, Merino G, Álvarez AI. The Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP/ABCG2) influences the levels of enterolignans and their metabolites in plasma, milk and mammary gland. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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37
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Iorio AL, Ros MD, Fantappiè O, Lucchesi M, Facchini L, Stival A, Becciani S, Guidi M, Favre C, Martino MD, Genitori L, Sardi I. Blood-Brain Barrier and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein: A Limit to the Therapy of CNS Tumors and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2017; 16:810-5. [PMID: 26584727 PMCID: PMC4997940 DOI: 10.2174/1871520616666151120121928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of brain tumors and neurodegenerative diseases, represents an ongoing challenge. In Central Nervous System (CNS) the achievement of therapeutic concentration of chemical agents is complicated by the presence of distinct set of efflux proteins, such as ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters localized on the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB). The activity of ABC transporters seems to be a common mechanism that underlies the poor response of CNS diseases to therapies. The molecular characterization of Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP/ABCG2), as an ABC transporter conferring multidrug resistance (MDR), has stimulated many studies to investigate its activity on the BBB, its involvement in physiology and CNS diseases and its role in limiting the delivery of drugs in CNS. In this review, we highlight the activity and localization of BCRP on the BBB and the action that this efflux pump has on many conventional drugs or latest generation molecules used for the treatment of CNS tumors and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Iacopo Sardi
- Neuro-oncology Unit, Department of Pediatric Medicine, Meyer Children's Hospital. Viale G.Pieraccini 24, 50139 Florence, Italy.
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R- and S-Warfarin Were Transported by Breast Cancer Resistance Protein: From In Vitro to Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Studies. J Pharm Sci 2017; 106:1419-1425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Szilagyi JT, Vetrano AM, Laskin JD, Aleksunes LM. Localization of the placental BCRP/ABCG2 transporter to lipid rafts: Role for cholesterol in mediating efflux activity. Placenta 2017. [PMID: 28623970 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) is an efflux transporter in the placental barrier. By transporting chemicals from the fetal to the maternal circulation, BCRP limits fetal exposure to a range of drugs, toxicants, and endobiotics such as bile acids and hormones. The purpose of the present studies was to 1) determine whether BCRP localizes to highly-ordered, cholesterol-rich lipid raft microdomains in placenta microvillous membranes, and 2) determine the impact of cholesterol on BCRP-mediated placental transport in vitro. METHODS BCRP expression was analyzed in lipid rafts isolated from placentas from healthy, term pregnancies and BeWo trophoblasts by density gradient ultracentrifugation. BeWo cells were also tested for their ability to efflux BCRP substrates after treatment with the cholesterol sequestrant methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD, 5 mM, 1 h) or the cholesterol synthesis inhibitor pravastatin (200 μM, 48 h). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION BCRP was found to co-localize with lipid raft proteins in detergent-resistant, lipid raft-containing fractions from placental microvillous membranes and BeWo cells. Treatment of BeWo cells with MβCD redistributed BCRP protein into higher density non-lipid raft fractions. Repletion of the cells with cholesterol restored BCRP localization to lipid raft-containing fractions. Treatment of BeWo cells with MβCD or pravastatin increased cellular retention of two BCRP substrates, the fluorescent dye Hoechst 33342 and the mycotoxin zearalenone. Repletion with cholesterol restored BCRP transporter activity. Taken together, these data demonstrate that cholesterol may play a critical role in the post-translational regulation of BCRP in placental lipid rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Szilagyi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rutgers University School of Public Health, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Anna M Vetrano
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers University Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 1 Robert Wood Johnson Place, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Laskin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Rutgers University School of Public Health, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Lauren M Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, 170 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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40
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Bugde P, Biswas R, Merien F, Lu J, Liu DX, Chen M, Zhou S, Li Y. The therapeutic potential of targeting ABC transporters to combat multi-drug resistance. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2017; 21:511-530. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2017.1310841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Bugde
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Riya Biswas
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Fabrice Merien
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Science, AUT Roche Diagnostic Laboratory, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Interprofessional Health Studies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dong-Xu Liu
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shufeng Zhou
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Interprofessional Health Studies, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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Hénin E, Honorat M, Guitton J, Di Pietro A, Payen L, Tod M. Pharmacokinetic interactions in mice between irinotecan and MBL-II-141, an ABCG2 inhibitor. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2017; 38:351-362. [PMID: 28207160 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The chromone derivative MBL-II-141, specifically designed to inhibit ABCG2, was previously demonstrated to combine strong inhibition potency, low toxicity and good efficiency in reversing resistance to irinotecan in a xenografted mouse model. Here, the pharmacokinetic interactions in mice between irinotecan, its active metabolite SN-38 and MBL-II-141 were characterized quantitatively in the blood and in the brain. METHODS Compartmental models were used to fit the data. Goodness-of-fit was assessed by simulation-based diagnostic tools. RESULTS Irinotecan increased the MBL-II-141 apparent clearance and Vss 1.5-fold, probably by increasing the MBL-II-141 unbound fraction. MBL-II-141 decreased the total apparent clearance of irinotecan by 23%, by decreasing its biliary clearance. MBL-II-141 increased 3-fold the brain accumulation of irinotecan, as a result of the rise of systemic exposure combined with the inhibition of ABCG2-mediated efflux at the blood-brain barrier. Finally, SN-38 exposure was increased by 1.16-fold under treatment with MBL-II-141, owing to the higher irinotecan exposure with increased metabolism towards the formation of SN-38. CONCLUSIONS These results may help to anticipate the pharmacokinetic interactions between MBL-II-141 and other ABCG2 substrates. The irinotecan-MBL-II-141 interaction is also expected to occur in humans. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Hénin
- Université de Lyon, F-69373, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, EMR3738, Faculté de médecine Lyon-sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Mylène Honorat
- Inserm UMR-S1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Laboratoire de pharmacologie-toxicologie, F-69495, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Jérôme Guitton
- Université de Lyon, F-69373, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, EMR3738, Faculté de médecine Lyon-sud, Pierre Bénite, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Laboratoire de pharmacologie-toxicologie, F-69495, Pierre Bénite, France.,Université Lyon 1, ISPBL, Faculté de pharmacie, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Lyon, France
| | - Attilio Di Pietro
- Institut de Biologie et Chimie des Protéines F-69367, MMSB, UMR5086 CNRS-Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Léa Payen
- Université de Lyon, F-69373, Lyon, France.,Inserm UMR-S1052, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, 69000, France.,Université Lyon 1, ISPBL, Faculté de pharmacie, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Lyon, France.,Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Laboratoire de biologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69495, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Michel Tod
- Université de Lyon, F-69373, Lyon, France.,Université Lyon 1, EMR3738, Faculté de médecine Lyon-sud, Pierre Bénite, France.,Université Lyon 1, ISPBL, Faculté de pharmacie, Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Pharmacie, F-69004, Lyon, France
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42
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Zhang GN, Zhang YK, Wang YJ, Barbuti AM, Zhu XJ, Yu XY, Wen AW, Wurpel JND, Chen ZS. Modulating the function of ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) with inhibitor cabozantinib. Pharmacol Res 2017; 119:89-98. [PMID: 28131876 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cabozantinib (XL184) is a small molecule tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitor, which targets c-Met and VEGFR2. Cabozantinib has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat advanced medullary thyroid cancer and renal cell carcinoma. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of cabozantinib to modulate the function of the ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) by sensitizing cells that are resistant to ABCG2 substrate antineoplastic drugs. We used a drug-selected resistant cell line H460/MX20 and three ABCG2 stable transfected cell lines ABCG2-482-R2, ABCG2-482-G2, and ABCG2-482-T7, which overexpress ABCG2. Cabozantinib, at non-toxic concentrations (3 or 5μM), sensitized the ABCG2-overexpressing cells to mitoxantrone, SN-38, and topotecan. Our results indicate that cabozantinib reverses ABCG2-mediated multidrug resistance by antagonizing the drug efflux function of the ABCG2 transporter instead of downregulating its expression. The molecular docking analysis indicates that cabozantinib binds to the drug-binding site of the ABCG2 transporter. Overall, our findings demonstrate that cabozantinib inhibits the ABCG2 transporter function and consequently enhances the effect of the antineoplastic agents that are substrates of ABCG2. Cabozantinib may be a useful agent in anticancer treatment regimens for patients who are resistant to ABCG2 substrate drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Nan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences,St. John's University, Queens, New York, 11439, USA
| | - Yun-Kai Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences,St. John's University, Queens, New York, 11439, USA
| | - Yi-Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences,St. John's University, Queens, New York, 11439, USA
| | - Anna Maria Barbuti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences,St. John's University, Queens, New York, 11439, USA
| | - Xi-Jun Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences,St. John's University, Queens, New York, 11439, USA; The Affiliated High School of South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China
| | - Xin-Yue Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences,St. John's University, Queens, New York, 11439, USA; Zhixin High School, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China
| | - Ai-Wen Wen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences,St. John's University, Queens, New York, 11439, USA; Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - John N D Wurpel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences,St. John's University, Queens, New York, 11439, USA
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences,St. John's University, Queens, New York, 11439, USA.
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El-Sheikh AAK, Morsy MA, Al-Taher AY. Protective mechanisms of resveratrol against methotrexate-induced renal damage may involve BCRP/ABCG2. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2016; 30:406-18. [DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Azza A. K. El-Sheikh
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Medicine; Minia University; El-Minia 61511 Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Morsy
- Department of Pharmacology; Faculty of Medicine; Minia University; El-Minia 61511 Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences; College of Clinical Pharmacy; King Faisal University; Al-Ahsa 31982 Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulla Y. Al-Taher
- Department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology; College of Veterinary Medicine; King Faisal University; Al-Ahsa 31982 Saudi Arabia
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44
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Classification, Treatment Strategy, and Associated Drug Resistance in Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2016; 16:335-343. [PMID: 27268750 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women, affecting 1.7 million patients every year worldwide. As a result of its heterogeneous nature, the genetic profile and associated clinical feature varies greatly among different breast cancer subtypes. With the advancement of molecular biology, our understanding of breast cancer has improved greatly in recent years. In this review, we examine different types of breast cancer and summarize their clinical features, current treatment schemes, and potential drug resistance profiles in response to treatments. We believe that the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of each treatment and subsequent drug resistance development will eventually lead to the discovery of more effective and efficient second-line therapeutics.
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Otero JA, García-Mateos D, de la Fuente A, Prieto JG, Álvarez AI, Merino G. Effect of bovine ABCG2 Y581S polymorphism on concentrations in milk of enrofloxacin and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:5731-5738. [PMID: 27157572 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2) is involved in the secretion of several drugs into milk. The bovine Y581S ABCG2 polymorphism increases the secretion into milk of the fluoroquinolone danofloxacin in Holstein cows. Danofloxacin and enrofloxacin are the fluoroquinolones most widely used in veterinary medicine. Both enrofloxacin (ENRO) and its active metabolite ciprofloxacin (CIPRO) reach milk at relatively high concentrations. The aim of this work was to study the effect of the bovine Y581S ABCG2 polymorphism on in vitro transport as well as on concentrations in plasma and in milk of ENRO and CIPRO. Experiments using cells overexpressing bovine ABCG2 showed the effects of ABCG2 on the transport of CIPRO, demonstrating more efficient in vitro transport of this antimicrobial by the S581 variant as compared with the Y581 variant. Animal studies administering 2.5mg/kg of ENRO subcutaneously to Y/Y 581 and Y/S 581 cows revealed that concentrations in plasma of ENRO and CIPRO were significantly lower in Y/S animals. Regardless of the genotype, the antimicrobial profile in milk after the administration of ENRO was predominantly of CIPRO. With respect to the genotype effects on the amounts of drugs present in milk, AUC0-24 values were more than 1.2 times higher in Y/S cows for ENRO and 2.2 times for CIPRO, indicating a greater capacity of Y581S to transfer these drugs into milk. These results emphasize the clinical relevance of this polymorphism as a factor affecting the concentrations in plasma and in milk of drugs of importance in veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Otero
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Leon, Campus de Vegazana 24071, Leon, Spain; Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal (INDEGSAL), University of Leon, Campus de Vegazana 24071, Leon, Spain
| | - D García-Mateos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Leon, Campus de Vegazana 24071, Leon, Spain
| | - A de la Fuente
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Leon, Campus de Vegazana 24071, Leon, Spain
| | - J G Prieto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Leon, Campus de Vegazana 24071, Leon, Spain; Instituto de Biomedicina (IBIOMED), University of Leon, Campus de Vegazana 24071, Leon, Spain
| | - A I Álvarez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Leon, Campus de Vegazana 24071, Leon, Spain
| | - G Merino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Leon, Campus de Vegazana 24071, Leon, Spain; Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal (INDEGSAL), University of Leon, Campus de Vegazana 24071, Leon, Spain.
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46
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Walsh DR, Nolin TD, Friedman PA. Drug Transporters and Na+/H+ Exchange Regulatory Factor PSD-95/Drosophila Discs Large/ZO-1 Proteins. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 67:656-80. [PMID: 26092975 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.010728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug transporters govern the absorption, distribution, and elimination of pharmacologically active compounds. Members of the solute carrier and ATP binding-cassette drug transporter family mediate cellular drug uptake and efflux processes, thereby coordinating the vectorial movement of drugs across epithelial barriers. To exert their physiologic and pharmacological function in polarized epithelia, drug transporters must be targeted and stabilized to appropriate regions of the cell membrane (i.e., apical versus basolateral). Despite the critical importance of drug transporter membrane targeting, the mechanisms that underlie these processes are largely unknown. Several clinically significant drug transporters possess a recognition sequence that binds to PSD-95/Drosophila discs large/ZO-1 (PDZ) proteins. PDZ proteins, such as the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF) family, act to stabilize and organize membrane targeting of multiple transmembrane proteins, including many clinically relevant drug transporters. These PDZ proteins are normally abundant at apical membranes, where they tether membrane-delimited transporters. NHERF expression is particularly high at the apical membrane in polarized tissue such as intestinal, hepatic, and renal epithelia, tissues important to drug disposition. Several recent studies have highlighted NHERF proteins as determinants of drug transporter function secondary to their role in controlling membrane abundance and localization. Mounting evidence strongly suggests that NHERF proteins may have clinically significant roles in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of several pharmacologically active compounds and may affect drug action in cancer and chronic kidney disease. For these reasons, NHERF proteins represent a novel class of post-translational mediators of drug transport and novel targets for new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin R Walsh
- Laboratory for G Protein-Coupled Receptor Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.A.F.); and Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.R.W., T.D.N.)
| | - Thomas D Nolin
- Laboratory for G Protein-Coupled Receptor Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.A.F.); and Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.R.W., T.D.N.)
| | - Peter A Friedman
- Laboratory for G Protein-Coupled Receptor Biology, Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, and Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (P.A.F.); and Center for Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (D.R.W., T.D.N.)
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Mammalian drug efflux transporters of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) family in multidrug resistance: A review of the past decade. Cancer Lett 2015; 370:153-64. [PMID: 26499806 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 497] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a serious phenomenon employed by cancer cells which hampers the success of cancer pharmacotherapy. One of the common mechanisms of MDR is the overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux transporters in cancer cells such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) that limits the prolonged and effective use of chemotherapeutic drugs. Researchers have found that developing inhibitors of ABC efflux transporters as chemosensitizers could overcome MDR. But the clinical trials have shown that most of these chemosensitizers are merely toxic and only show limited or no benefits to cancer patients, thus new inhibitors are being explored. Recent findings also suggest that efflux pumps of the ABC transporter family are subject to epigenetic gene regulation. In this review, we summarize recent findings of the role of ABC efflux transporters in MDR.
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48
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Xu Y, Egido E, Li-Blatter X, Müller R, Merino G, Bernèche S, Seelig A. Allocrite Sensing and Binding by the Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (ABCG2) and P-Glycoprotein (ABCB1). Biochemistry 2015; 54:6195-206. [PMID: 26381710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCG2 and ABCB1 perform ATP hydrolysis-dependent efflux of structurally highly diverse compounds, collectively called allocrites. Whereas much is known about allocrite-ABCB1 interactions, the chemical nature and strength of ABCG2-allocrite interactions have not yet been assessed. We quantified and characterized interactions of allocrite with ABCG2 and ABCB1 using a set of 39 diverse compounds. We also investigated potential allocrite binding sites based on available transporter structures and structural models. We demonstrate that ABCG2 binds its allocrites from the lipid membrane, despite their hydrophilicity. Hence, binding of allocrite to both transporters is a two-step process, starting with a lipid-water partitioning step, driven mainly by hydrophobic interactions, followed by a transporter binding step in the lipid membrane. We show that binding of allocrite to both transporters increases with the number of hydrogen bond acceptors in allocrites. Scrutinizing the transporter translocation pathways revealed ample hydrogen bond donors for allocrite binding. Importantly, the hydrogen bond donor strength is, on average, higher in ABCG2 than in ABCB1, which explains the higher measured affinity of allocrite for ABCG2. π-π stacking and π-cation interactions play additional roles in binding of allocrite to ABCG2 and ABCB1. With this analysis, we demonstrate that these membrane-mediated weak electrostatic interactions between transporters and allocrites allow for transporter promiscuity toward allocrites. The different sensitivities of the transporters to allocrites' charge and amphiphilicity provide transporter specificity. In addition, we show that the different hydrogen bond donor strengths in the two transporters allow for affinity tuning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Xu
- University of Basel, Biozentrum , Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics , Klingelbergstrasse 61, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Estefanía Egido
- University of Basel, Biozentrum , Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.,INDEGSAL, Campus Vegazana s/n, University of Leon , 24071 Leon, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Campus Vegazana s/n, University of Leon , 24071 Leon, Spain
| | - Xiaochun Li-Blatter
- University of Basel, Biozentrum , Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rita Müller
- University of Basel, Biozentrum , Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gracia Merino
- INDEGSAL, Campus Vegazana s/n, University of Leon , 24071 Leon, Spain.,Department of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Campus Vegazana s/n, University of Leon , 24071 Leon, Spain
| | - Simon Bernèche
- University of Basel, Biozentrum , Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.,SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics , Klingelbergstrasse 61, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Seelig
- University of Basel, Biozentrum , Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Ai N, Fan X, Ekins S. In silico methods for predicting drug-drug interactions with cytochrome P-450s, transporters and beyond. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 86:46-60. [PMID: 25796619 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are associated with severe adverse effects that may lead to the patient requiring alternative therapeutics and could ultimately lead to drug withdrawal from the market if they are severe. To prevent the occurrence of DDI in the clinic, experimental systems to evaluate drug interaction have been integrated into the various stages of the drug discovery and development process. A large body of knowledge about DDI has also accumulated through these studies and pharmacovigillence systems. Much of this work to date has focused on the drug metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome P-450s as well as drug transporters, ion channels and occasionally other proteins. This combined knowledge provides a foundation for a hypothesis-driven in silico approach, using either cheminformatics or physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PK) modeling methods to assess DDI potential. Here we review recent advances in these approaches with emphasis on hypothesis-driven mechanistic models for important protein targets involved in PK-based DDI. Recent efforts with other informatics approaches to detect DDI are highlighted. Besides DDI, we also briefly introduce drug interactions with other substances, such as Traditional Chinese Medicines to illustrate how in silico modeling can be useful in this domain. We also summarize valuable data sources and web-based tools that are available for DDI prediction. We finally explore the challenges we see faced by in silico approaches for predicting DDI and propose future directions to make these computational models more reliable, accurate, and publically accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Ai
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China.
| | - Sean Ekins
- Collaborations in Chemistry, 5616 Hilltop Needmore Road, Fuquay-Varina, NC 27526, USA.
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Fardel O, Le Vee M, Jouan E, Denizot C, Parmentier Y. Nature and uses of fluorescent dyes for drug transporter studies. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2015; 11:1233-51. [PMID: 26050735 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2015.1053462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Drug transporters are now recognized as major players involved in pharmacokinetics and toxicology. Methods for assessing their activity are important to consider, particularly owing to regulatory requirements with respect to inhibition of drug transporter activity and prediction of drug-drug interactions. In this context, the use of fluorescent-dye-based transport assays is likely to deserve attention. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of the nature of fluorescent dye substrates for ATP-binding cassette and solute carrier drug transporters. Their use for investigating drug transporter activity in cultured cells and clinical hematological samples, drug transporter inhibition, drug transporter imaging and drug transport at the organ level are summarized. EXPERT OPINION A wide range of fluorescent dyes is now available for use in various aspects of drug transporter studies. The use of these dyes for transporter analyses may, however, be hampered by classic pitfalls of fluorescence technology, such as quenching. Transporter-independent processes such as passive diffusion of dyes through plasma membrane or dye sequestration into subcellular compartments must also be considered, as well as the redundant handling by various distinct transporters of some fluorescent probes. Finally, standardization of dye-based transport assays remains an important on-going issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Fardel
- Institut de Recherches en Santé, Environnement et Travail (IRSET) , UMR INSERM U1085, Faculté de Pharmacie, 2 Avenue du Pr Léon Bernard, 35043 Rennes , France
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