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Białas N, Rosenkranz N, Weber DG, Kostka K, Johnen G, Winter A, Brik A, Loza K, Szafranski K, Brüning T, Bünger J, Westphal G, Epple M. Synthetic silica fibers of different length, diameter and shape: synthesis and interaction with rat (NR8383) and human (THP-1) macrophages in vitro, including chemotaxis and gene expression profile. Part Fibre Toxicol 2024; 21:23. [PMID: 38734694 PMCID: PMC11088073 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-024-00586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhalation of biopersistent fibers like asbestos can cause strong chronic inflammatory effects, often resulting in fibrosis or even cancer. The interplay between fiber shape, fiber size and the resulting biological effects is still poorly understood due to the lack of reference materials. RESULTS We investigated how length, diameter, aspect ratio, and shape of synthetic silica fibers influence inflammatory effects at doses up to 250 µg cm-2. Silica nanofibers were prepared with different diameter and shape. Straight (length ca. 6 to 8 µm, thickness ca. 0.25 to 0.35 µm, aspect ratio ca. 17:1 to 32:1) and curly fibers (length ca. 9 µm, thickness ca. 0.13 µm, radius of curvature ca. 0.5 µm, aspect ratio ca. 70:1) were dispersed in water with no apparent change in the fiber shape during up to 28 days. Upon immersion in aqueous saline (DPBS), the fibers released about 5 wt% silica after 7 days irrespectively of their shape. The uptake of the fibers by macrophages (human THP-1 and rat NR8383) was studied by scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Some fibers were completely taken up whereas others were only partially internalized, leading to visual damage of the cell wall. The biological effects were assessed by determining cell toxicity, particle-induced chemotaxis, and the induction of gene expression of inflammatory mediators. CONCLUSIONS Straight fibers were only slightly cytotoxic and caused weak cell migration, regardless of their thickness, while the curly fibers were more toxic and caused significantly stronger chemotaxis. Curly fibers also had the strongest effect on the expression of cytokines and chemokines. This may be due to the different aspect ratio or its twisted shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataniel Białas
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Nina Rosenkranz
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Gilbert Weber
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kathrin Kostka
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Georg Johnen
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Aileen Winter
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Brik
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kateryna Loza
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Katja Szafranski
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bünger
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), 44789, Bochum, Germany
| | - Götz Westphal
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), 44789, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45141, Essen, Germany.
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Schmidt S. Nanosized Additives: Silicon Dioxide's Potential Role in Development of Food Sensitivities in Mice. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2024; 132:54003. [PMID: 38814861 PMCID: PMC11166414 DOI: 10.1289/ehp14923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The anticaking agent, used in a wide variety of powdered food products, interfered with immune tolerance of ovalbumin, a model antigen; and it worsened gut inflammation in a mouse model of celiac disease.
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Fan Y, Keerthisinghe TP, Nian M, Cao X, Chen X, Yang Q, Sampathkumar K, Loo JSC, Ng KW, Demokritou P, Fang M. Comparative secretome metabolic dysregulation by six engineered dietary nanoparticles (EDNs) on the simulated gut microbiota. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133003. [PMID: 38029586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The potential use of engineered dietary nanoparticles (EDNs) in diet has been increasing and poses a risk of exposure. The effect of EDNs on gut bacterial metabolism remains largely unknown. In this study, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based metabolomics was used to reveal significantly altered metabolites and metabolic pathways in the secretome of simulated gut microbiome exposed to six different types of EDNs (Chitosan, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) and polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA); two inorganic EDNs including TiO2 and SiO2) at two dietary doses. We demonstrated that all six EDNs can alter the composition in the secretome with distinct patterns. Chitosan, followed by PLGA and SiO2, has shown the highest potency in inducing the secretome change with major pathways in tryptophan and indole metabolism, bile acid metabolism, tyrosine and phenol metabolism. Metabolomic alterations with clear dose response were observed in most EDNs. Overall, phenylalanine has been shown as the most sensitive metabolites, followed by bile acids such as chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid. Those metabolites might be served as the representative metabolites for the EDNs-gut bacteria interaction. Collectively, our studies have demonstrated the sensitivity and feasibility of using metabolomic signatures to understand and predict EDNs-gut microbiome interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No 678 Furong Road, Hefei 230601, Anhui, China
| | | | - Min Nian
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Cao
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 637141, Singapore
| | - Kaarunya Sampathkumar
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Joachim Say Chye Loo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Kee Woei Ng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, 655 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mingliang Fang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, Shanghai 202162, China.
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Zhan Y, Lou H, Shou R, Li A, Shang J, Jin Y, Li L, Zhu L, Lu X, Fan X. Maternal exposure to E 551 during pregnancy leads to genome-wide DNA methylation changes and metabolic disorders in the livers of pregnant mice and their fetuses. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133233. [PMID: 38118196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of nanoparticles in the food industry has raised concerns regarding their potential adverse effects on human health, particularly in vulnerable populations, including pregnant mothers and fetuses. However, studies evaluating the reproductive and developmental toxicity of food-grade nanomaterials are limited. This study investigated the potential risks of prenatal dietary exposure to food-grade silica nanoparticles (E 551) on maternal health and fetal growth using conventional toxicological and epigenetic methods. The results showed that prenatal exposure to a high-dose of E 551 induces fetal resorption. Moreover, E 551 significantly accumulates in maternal and fetal livers, triggering a hepatic inflammatory response. At the epigenetic level, global DNA methylation is markedly altered in the maternal and fetal livers. Genome-wide DNA methylation sequencing revealed affected mCG, mCHG, and mCHH methylation landscapes. Subsequent bioinformatic analysis of the differentially methylated genes suggests that E 551 poses a risk of inducing metabolic disorders in maternal and fetal livers. This is further evidenced by impaired glucose tolerance in pregnant mice and altered expression of key metabolism-related genes and proteins in maternal and fetal livers. Collectively, the results of this study highlighted the importance of epigenetics in characterizing the potential toxicity of maternal exposure to food-grade nanomaterials during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Zhan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - He Lou
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rongshang Shou
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Anyao Li
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiaxin Shang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanyan Jin
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lu Li
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China
| | - Lidan Zhu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321016, China.
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; National Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Modernization, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Jinhua Institute of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321016, China.
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Kwon RY, Youn SM, Choi SJ. Oral Excretion Kinetics of Food-Additive Silicon Dioxides and Their Effect on In Vivo Macrophage Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1614. [PMID: 38338896 PMCID: PMC10855107 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A food additive, silicon dioxide (SiO2) is commonly used in the food industry as an anti-caking agent. The presence of nanoparticles (NPs) in commercial food-grade SiO2 has raised concerns regarding their potential toxicity related to nano size. While recent studies have demonstrated the oral absorption and tissue distribution of food-additive SiO2 particles, limited information is available about their excretion behaviors and potential impact on macrophage activation. In this study, the excretion kinetics of two differently manufactured (fumed and precipitated) SiO2 particles were evaluated following repeated oral administration to rats for 28 d. The excretion fate of their intact particles, decomposed forms, or ionic forms was investigated in feces and urine, respectively. Monocyte uptake, Kupffer cell activation, and cytokine release were assessed after the oral administration of SiO2 particles. Additionally, their intracellular fates were determined in Raw 264.7 cells. The results revealed that the majority of SiO2 particles were not absorbed but directly excreted via feces in intact particle forms. Only a small portion of SiO2 was eliminated via urine, predominantly in the form of bioconverted silicic acid and slightly decomposed ionic forms. SiO2 particles were mainly present in particle forms inside cells, followed by ionic and silicic acid forms, indicating their slow conversion into silicic acid after cellular uptake. No effects of the manufacturing method were observed on excretion and fates. Moreover, no in vivo monocyte uptake, Kupffer cell polarization, or cytokine release were induced by orally administered SiO2 particles. These finding contribute to understanding the oral toxicokinetics of food-additive SiO2 and provide valuable insights into its potential toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Soo-Jin Choi
- Division of Applied Food System, Major of Food Science & Technology, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea; (R.-Y.K.); (S.-M.Y.)
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Wawrzyńczak A, Nowak I, Feliczak-Guzik A. SBA-15- and SBA-16-Functionalized Silicas as New Carriers of Niacinamide. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17567. [PMID: 38139403 PMCID: PMC10743396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Amorphous silica as a food additive (E 551) is used in food materials (e.g., sweeteners, dairy products) for its anti-caking properties. The physicochemical properties of SiO2 also make it suitable to serve as a carrier of active substances in functional foods, dietary supplements, and drugs. Deficiency of niacinamide (vitamin B3, niacin) leads to several pathologies in the nervous system and causes one of the nutritional diseases called pellagra. The present study focuses on the use of hybrid ordered mesoporous silicas (SBA-15/SBA-16) functionalized with amino groups introduced through grafting or co-condensation with (N-vinylbenzyl)aminoethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane (Z-6032) as novel carriers of niacinamide. They combine the characteristics of a relatively stable and chemically inert amorphous silica matrix with well-defined structural/textural parameters and organic functional groups that give specific chemical properties. The highest degree of carrier loading with niacinamide (16 wt.%) was recorded for the unmodified SBA-15. On the other hand, the highest degree of niacinamide release characterizes the functionalized SBA-15 sample (60% after 24 h), indicating that the presence of amino groups affects the release profile of niacinamide from the structure of the mesoporous silica.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Agnieszka Feliczak-Guzik
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland; (A.W.); (I.N.)
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Janjua TI, Cao Y, Kleitz F, Linden M, Yu C, Popat A. Silica nanoparticles: A review of their safety and current strategies to overcome biological barriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115115. [PMID: 37844843 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Silica nanoparticles (SNP) have gained tremendous attention in the recent decades. They have been used in many different biomedical fields including diagnosis, biosensing and drug delivery. Medical uses of SNP for anti-cancer, anti-microbial and theranostic applications are especially prominent due to their exceptional performance to deliver many different small molecules and recently biologics (mRNA, siRNA, antigens, antibodies, proteins, and peptides) at targeted sites. The physical and chemical properties of SNP such as large specific surface area, tuneable particle size and porosity, excellent biodegradability and biocompatibility make them an ideal drug delivery and diagnostic platform. Based on the available data and the pre-clinical performance of SNP, recent interest has driven these innovative materials towards clinical application with many of the formulations already in Phase I and Phase II trials. Herein, the progress of SNP in biomedical field is reviewed, and their safety aspects are analysed. Importantly, we critically evaluate the key structural characteristics of SNP to overcome different biological barriers including the blood-brain barrier (BBB), skin, tumour barrier and mucosal barrier. Future directions, potential pathways, and target areas towards rapid clinical translation of SNP are also recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taskeen Iqbal Janjua
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Yuxue Cao
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Freddy Kleitz
- Department of Functional Materials and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mika Linden
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry II, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Chengzhong Yu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Amirali Popat
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia; Department of Functional Materials and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Shichkin VP, Kurchenko OV, Okhotnikova EN, Chopyak VV, Delfino DV. Enterosorbents in complex therapy of food allergies: a focus on digestive disorders and systemic toxicity in children. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1210481. [PMID: 37901242 PMCID: PMC10611465 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1210481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The review analyzes mechanisms and concomitant factors in developing IgE-associated allergic diseases provoked by food allergens and discusses clinical symptoms and current approaches for the treatment of food allergies. The expediency of using enterosorbents in complex therapy of food allergies and skin and respiratory manifestations associated with gastroenterological disorders is substantiated. The review summarizes the experience of using enterosorbents in post-Soviet countries to detoxify the human body. In this regard, special attention is paid to the enterosorbent White Coal (Carbowhite) based on silicon dioxide produced by the Ukrainian company OmniFarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elena N. Okhotnikova
- Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Infectious Diseases, Immunology and Allergology, Shupyk National Healthcare University of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Valentyna V. Chopyak
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Domenico V. Delfino
- Master in Musculoskeletal and Rheumatological Physiotherapy, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Feng Y, Cao Y, Singh R, Janjua TI, Popat A. Silica nanoparticles for brain cancer. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1749-1767. [PMID: 37905998 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2273830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain cancer is a debilitating disease with a poor survival rate. There are significant challenges for effective treatment due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-tumor barrier (BTB) which impedes drug delivery to tumor sites. Many nanomedicines have been tested in improving both the survival and quality of life of patients with brain cancer with the recent focus on inorganic nanoparticles such as silica nanoparticles (SNPs). This review examines the use of SNPs as a novel approach for diagnosing, treating, and theranostics of brain cancer. AREAS COVERED The review provides an overview of different brain cancers and current therapies available. A special focus on the key functional properties of SNPs is discussed which makes them an attractive material in the field of onco-nanomedicine. Strategies to overcome the BBB using SNPs are analyzed. Furthermore, recent advancements in active targeting, combination therapies, and innovative nanotherapeutics utilizing SNPs are discussed. Safety considerations, toxicity profiles, and regulatory aspects are addressed to provide an understanding of SNPs' translational potential. EXPERT OPINION SNPs have tremendous prospects in brain cancer research. The multifunctionality of SNPs has the potential to overcome both the BBB and BTB limitations and can be used for brain cancer imaging, drug delivery, and theranostics. The insights provided will facilitate the development of next-generation, innovative strategies, guiding future research toward improved diagnosis, targeted therapy, and better outcomes in brain cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuran Feng
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yuxue Cao
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ravi Singh
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Amirali Popat
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Functional Materials and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Velásquez E, López de Dicastillo C, Patiño Vidal C, Copello G, Reyes C, Guarda A, Galotto MJ. Feasibility of Valorization of Post-Consumer Recycled Flexible Polypropylene by Adding Fumed Nanosilica for Its Potential Use in Food Packaging toward Sustainability. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051081. [PMID: 36904321 PMCID: PMC10005770 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The food industry has a current challenge of increasing the recycling of post-consumer plastics to reduce plastic waste towards a circular economy, especially flexible polypropylene, which is highly demanded in food packaging. However, recycling post-consumer plastics is limited because service life and reprocessing degrade their physical-mechanical properties and modify the migration of components from the recycled material to the food. This research evaluated the feasibility of valorization of post-consumer recycled flexible polypropylene (PCPP) by incorporating fumed nanosilica (NS). For this purpose, the effect of concentration and type (hydrophilic and hydrophobic) of NS on the morphological, mechanical, sealing, barrier and overall migration properties of PCPP films was studied. Incorporating NS improved Young's modulus and, more significantly, tensile strength at 0.5 wt% and 1 wt%, where a better particle dispersion was confirmed by EDS-SEM, but it diminished elongation at breakage of the films. Interestingly, NS tended to increase the seal strength of PCPP nanocomposite films more significantly at higher NS content, showing a seal failure of the adhesive peel type which is preferred for flexible packaging. NS at 1 wt% did not affect the water vapor and oxygen permeabilities of the films. Overall migration of PCPP and nanocomposites exceeded the limit value of 10 mg dm-2 allowed by European legislation at the studied concentrations of 1% and 4 wt%. Nonetheless, NS reduced the overall migration of PCPP from 17.3 to 15 mg dm-2 in all nanocomposites. In conclusion, PCPP with 1 wt% of hydrophobic NS presented an improved overall performance of the studied packaging properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliezer Velásquez
- Packaging Innovation Center (LABEN-Chile), University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170201, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9170124, Chile
- Correspondence:
| | - Carol López de Dicastillo
- Packaging Laboratory, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA-CSIC), 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Cristian Patiño Vidal
- Packaging Innovation Center (LABEN-Chile), University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170201, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9170124, Chile
| | - Guillermo Copello
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Junín 956, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina
- CONICET—Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Junín 956, Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Cristopher Reyes
- Packaging Innovation Center (LABEN-Chile), University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170201, Chile
| | - Abel Guarda
- Packaging Innovation Center (LABEN-Chile), University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170201, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9170124, Chile
- Food Science and Technology Department, Technological Faculty, University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170201, Chile
| | - María José Galotto
- Packaging Innovation Center (LABEN-Chile), University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170201, Chile
- Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9170124, Chile
- Food Science and Technology Department, Technological Faculty, University of Santiago of Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170201, Chile
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Gurung S, Gucci F, Cairns G, Chianella I, Leighton GJT. Hollow Silica Nano and Micro Spheres with Polystyrene Templating: A Mini-Review. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8578. [PMID: 36500076 PMCID: PMC9739639 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of monodisperse hollow silica nanospheres, especially using a hard template route, has been shown to be successful, but a high yield is needed for this strategy to be used on an industrial scale. On the other hand, there is a research gap in the synthesis of hollow silica microspheres due to the popularity and easiness of the synthesis of silica nanospheres despite the larger spheres being beneficial in some fields. In this review, current trends in producing hollow silica nanospheres using hard templates, especially polystyrene, are briefly presented. Soft templates have also been used to make highly polydisperse hollow silica spheres, and complex designs have improved polydispersity. The effect of the main parameters on the coating is presented here to provide a basic understanding of the interactions between the silica and template surface in the absence or presence of surfactants. Surface charge, surface modification, parameters in the sol-gel method and interaction between the silica and templates need to be further improved to have a uniform coating and better control over the size, dispersity, wall thickness and porosity. As larger organic templates will have lower surface energy, the efficiency of the micro sphere synthesis needs to be improved. Control over the physical structure of hollow silica spheres will open up many opportunities for them to be extensively used in fields ranging from waste removal to energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Gurung
- Surface Engineering and Precision Centre, Department of Manufacturing and Materials, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Francesco Gucci
- Surface Engineering and Precision Centre, Department of Manufacturing and Materials, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Gareth Cairns
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Reading, Berkshire RG7 4PR, UK
| | - Iva Chianella
- Surface Engineering and Precision Centre, Department of Manufacturing and Materials, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
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Prieto MJ, Mullan T, Wan W, Tănase LC, de Souza Caldas L, Shaikhutdinov S, Sauer J, Usvyat D, Schmidt T, Cuenya BR. Plasma Functionalization of Silica Bilayer Polymorphs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:48609-48618. [PMID: 36255411 PMCID: PMC9634693 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ultrathin silica films are considered suitable two-dimensional model systems for the study of fundamental chemical and physical properties of all-silica zeolites and their derivatives, as well as novel supports for the stabilization of single atoms. In the present work, we report the creation of a new model catalytic support based on the surface functionalization of different silica bilayer (BL) polymorphs with well-defined atomic structures. The functionalization is carried out by means of in situ H-plasma treatments at room temperature. Low energy electron diffraction and microscopy data indicate that the atomic structure of the films remains unchanged upon treatment. Comparing the experimental results (photoemission and infrared absorption spectra) with density functional theory simulations shows that H2 is added via the heterolytic dissociation of an interlayer Si-O-Si siloxane bond and the subsequent formation of a hydroxyl and a hydride group in the top and bottom layers of the silica film, respectively. Functionalization of the silica films constitutes the first step into the development of a new type of model system of single-atom catalysts where metal atoms with different affinities for the functional groups can be anchored in the SiO2 matrix in well-established positions. In this way, synergistic and confinement effects between the active centers can be studied in a controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio J. Prieto
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Mullan
- Institut
für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099Berlin, Germany
| | - Weiming Wan
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Liviu C. Tănase
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucas de Souza Caldas
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Shamil Shaikhutdinov
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Sauer
- Institut
für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099Berlin, Germany
| | - Denis Usvyat
- Institut
für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schmidt
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Beatriz Roldan Cuenya
- Department
of Interface Science, Fritz-Haber-Institut
der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195Berlin, Germany
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13
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Stalder T, Zaiter T, El-Basset W, Cornu R, Martin H, Diab-Assaf M, Béduneau A. Interaction and toxicity of ingested nanoparticles on the intestinal barrier. Toxicology 2022; 481:153353. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bianchi MG, Chiu M, Taurino G, Bergamaschi E, Cubadda F, Macaluso GM, Bussolati O. The TLR4/NFκB-Dependent Inflammatory Response Activated by LPS Is Inhibited in Human Macrophages Pre-Exposed to Amorphous Silica Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12132307. [PMID: 35808143 PMCID: PMC9268534 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous silica nanoparticles (ASNP) are present in a variety of products and their biological effects are actively investigated. Although several studies have documented pro-inflammatory effects of ASNP, the possibility that they also modify the response of innate immunity cells to natural activators has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we study the effects of pyrogenic ASNP on the LPS-dependent activation of human macrophages differentiated from peripheral blood monocytes. In macrophages, 24 h of pre-exposure to non-cytotoxic doses of ASNP markedly inhibited the LPS-dependent induction of pro-inflammatory (TNFα, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10). The inhibitory effect was associated with the suppression of NFκB activation and the increased intracellular sequestration of the TLR4 receptor. The late induction of glutamine synthetase (GS) by LPS was also prevented by pre-exposure to ASNP, while GS silencing did not interfere with cytokine secretion. It is concluded that (i) macrophages exposed to ASNP are less sensitive to LPS-dependent activation and (ii) GS induction by LPS is likely secondary to the stimulation of cytokine secretion. The observed interference with LPS effects may point to a dampening of the acute inflammatory response after exposure to ASNP in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano G. Bianchi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (M.C.); (G.T.); (G.M.M.); (O.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Martina Chiu
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (M.C.); (G.T.); (G.M.M.); (O.B.)
| | - Giuseppe Taurino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (M.C.); (G.T.); (G.M.M.); (O.B.)
| | - Enrico Bergamaschi
- Department of Public Health Sciences and Pediatrics, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Francesco Cubadda
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità-Italian National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Guido M. Macaluso
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (M.C.); (G.T.); (G.M.M.); (O.B.)
- Centro di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Ovidio Bussolati
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy; (M.C.); (G.T.); (G.M.M.); (O.B.)
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Stovpiaga EY, Eurov DA, Kurdyukov DA, Glebova NV, Kirilenko DA, Tomkovich MV, Golubev VG. Formation of spherical microporous silica particles from organosilane and quat molecules. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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16
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Zaiter T, Cornu R, Millot N, Herbst M, Pellequer Y, Moarbess G, Martin H, Diab-Assaf M, Béduneau A. Size effect and mucus role on the intestinal toxicity of the E551 food additive and engineered silica nanoparticles. Nanotoxicology 2022; 16:165-182. [PMID: 35579945 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2022.2063084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The E551 food additive is composed of synthetic amorphous silica particles. The current regulation does not mention any specifications regarding their size and granulometric distribution, thus allowing the presence of silica nanoparticles despite their potential toxicity. The digestion process could modify their physicochemical properties and then influence their toxicological profile. After physicochemical characterization, subacute toxicity of engineered silica nanoparticles from 20 to 200 nm, native and digested E551 additives were evaluated from in vitro models of the intestinal barrier. Single cultures and a co-culture of enterocytes and mucus-secreting cells were established to investigate the mucus role. Toxicological endpoints including cytotoxicity, ROS production, intestinal permeability increase, and actin filament disruption were addressed after a 7-day exposure. The results showed a size-dependent effect of silica nanoparticles on cytotoxicity and intestinal permeability. A time-dependent disruption of actin filaments was observed in Caco-2 cells. The mucus layer spread on the HT29-MTX single culture acted as an efficient protective barrier while in the co-culture, small nanoparticles were able to cross it to reach the cells. From a hydrodynamic diameter of 70 nm, nanoparticles were not internalized in the intestinal cells, even in mucus-free models. Digestion did not affect the physicochemical properties of the additive. Due to a mean hydrodynamic diameter close to 200 nm, both native and digested E551 additives did not induce any toxic effect in intestinal barrier models. This study emphasized a cutoff size of 70 nm from which the interactions of the E551 additive with intestinal cells would be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghrid Zaiter
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Raphaël Cornu
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Nadine Millot
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303, CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Michaële Herbst
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne, UMR 6303, CNRS/Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Yann Pellequer
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Georges Moarbess
- EDST, Pharmacology and Cancerology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hélène Martin
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
| | - Mona Diab-Assaf
- EDST, Pharmacology and Cancerology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Arnaud Béduneau
- PEPITE EA4267, Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
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Preparation and Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity of Thymol Immobilized on Different Silica Nanoparticles with Application in Apple Juice. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12050671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
In order to diminish the application limitations of essential oils (EOs) as natural antimicrobial components in the food industry, novel antimicrobial materials were designed and prepared by immobilization of thymol derivatives on silica particles with different morphologies (hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles, MCM-41, amorphous silica). The structural characteristics of antimicrobial materials were estimated by FESEM, FT-IR, TGA, N2 adsorption-desorption, and small-angle XRD, and the results revealed that both mesoporous silica nanoparticles maintained the orderly structures and had good immobilization yield. Furthermore, the antibacterial performance tests showed that mesoporous silica nanoparticles greatly enhanced the antimicrobial activity of thymol against two representative foodborne bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus), and the application of the antimicrobial support was tested in apple juices inoculated with E. coli. The MBC of functionalized mesoporous silica supports was established to be below 0.1 mg/mL against E. coli and S. aureus, which is much lower than that of free thymol (0.3 mg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively). In addition, at a range from 0.05 mg/mL to 0.2 mg/mL, immobilized hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (HMSNs) can inhibit the growth of E. coli in apple juice and maintain good sensory properties during 7 days of storage.
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18
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Oral Toxicokinetics, Tissue Distribution, and 28-Day Oral Toxicity of Two Differently Manufactured Food Additive Silicon Dioxides. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23074023. [PMID: 35409381 PMCID: PMC8999665 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23074023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) is widely used as a food additive and contains nano-sized particles. SAS can be produced by fumed and precipitated methods, which may possess different physiochemical properties, toxicokinetics, and oral toxicity. (2) Methods: The toxicokinetics of fumed SAS and precipitated SAS were evaluated following a single-dose oral administration in rats. The tissue distribution and fate of both SAS particles were assessed after repeated oral administration in rats for 28 d, followed by recovery period for 90 d. Their 28-d repeated oral toxicity was also evaluated. (3) Results: Precipitated SAS showed higher oral absorption than fumed SAS, but the oral absorption of both SAS particles was low (<4%), even at 2000 mg/kg. Our tissue-distribution study revealed that both SAS particles, at a high dose (2000 mg/kg), were accumulated in the liver after repeated administration for 28 d, but the increased concentrations returned to normal levels at 29 d, the first day of the recovery period. A higher distribution level of precipitated SAS than fumed SAS and decomposed particle fates of both SAS particles were found in the liver at 28 d. No significant toxicological findings were observed after 28-d oral administration, suggesting their low oral toxicity. (4) Conclusions: Different manufacturing methods of SAS can, therefore, affect its oral toxicokinetics and tissue distribution, but not oral toxicity.
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Abd-Elhafeez HH, El-Sayed AM, Ahmed AM, Soliman SA, Zaki RS, Abd El-Mageed DS. Detection of food fraud of meat products from the different brands by application of histological methods. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:1538-1556. [PMID: 34894030 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In Sohag City, 400 samples were collected from different food markets of different meat products from two companies with high and low prices (e.g., minced meat, kofta sausage, beef burger, and luncheon meat) for determining food fraud. Light, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the samples. "Special histochemical stains" permit the microscopic examination of different cell types, structures, and/or microorganisms. Histological examination revealed variant tissue types, besides skeletal muscles. Nuchal ligaments, bones, hyaline cartilages, white fibrocartilages, large and medium arteries, cardiac muscles, tendons, and collagenous connective tissues comprised the capsule of a parenchymatous organ. Additionally, a crystal of food additives was recognized using light microscopy and SEM. SEM allows the visualization of bacterial contamination. Using different microscopic anatomy techniques is an efficient methodology for qualitative evaluations of various meat products. No difference in quality was observed between low- and high-priced meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan H Abd-Elhafeez
- Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Ali Meawad Ahmed
- Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Soha A Soliman
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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20
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Perez L, Scarcello E, Ibouraadaten S, Yakoub Y, Leinardi R, Ambroise J, Bearzatto B, Gala JL, Paquot A, Muccioli GG, Bouzin C, van den Brule S, Lison D. Dietary nanoparticles alter the composition and function of the gut microbiota in mice at dose levels relevant for human exposure. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 154:112352. [PMID: 34153347 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanotechnologies provide new opportunities for improving the safety, quality, shelf life, flavor and appearance of foods. The most common nanoparticles (NPs) in human diet are silver metal, mainly present in food packaging and appliances, and silicon and titanium dioxides used as additives. The rapid development and commercialization of consumer products containing these engineered NPs is, however, not well supported by appropriate toxicological studies and risk assessment. Local and systemic toxicity and/or disruption of the gut microbiota (GM) have already been observed after oral administration of NPs in experimental animals, but results are not consistent and doses used were often much higher than the estimated human intakes. In view of the strong evidence linking alterations of the GM to cardiometabolic (CM) diseases, we hypothesized that dietary NPs might disturb this GM-CM axis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We exposed male C57BL/6JRj mice (n = 13 per dose group) to dietary NPs mixed in food pellets at doses relevant for human exposure: Ag (0, 4, 40 or 400 μg/kg pellet), SiO2 (0, 0.8, 8 and 80 mg/kg pellet) or TiO2 (0, 0.4, 4 or 40 mg/kg pellet). After 24 weeks of exposure, we assessed effects on the GM and CM health (n = 8 per dose group). The reversibility of the effects was examined after 8 additional weeks without NPs exposure (recovery period, n ≤ 5 per dose group). RESULTS No overt toxicity was recorded. The GM β-diversity was dose-dependently disrupted by the three NPs, and the bacterial short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were dose-dependently reduced after the administration of SiO2 and TiO2 NPs. These effects disappeared completely or partly after the recovery period, strengthening the association with dietary NPs. We did not observe atheromatous disease or glucose intolerance after NP exposure. Instead, dose-dependent decreases in the expression of IL-6 in the liver, circulating triglycerides (TG) and urea nitrogen (BUN) were recorded after administration of the NPs. CONCLUSION We found that long-term oral exposure to dietary NPs at doses relevant for estimated human intakes disrupts the GM composition and function. These modifications did not appear associated with atheromatous or deleterious metabolic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laeticia Perez
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Avenue Hippocrate 57, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Eleonora Scarcello
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Avenue Hippocrate 57, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Saloua Ibouraadaten
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Avenue Hippocrate 57, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yousof Yakoub
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Avenue Hippocrate 57, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Riccardo Leinardi
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Avenue Hippocrate 57, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Ambroise
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Centre de Technologies Moléculaires Appliquées, Clos Chapelle-aux-champs 30, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bertrand Bearzatto
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Centre de Technologies Moléculaires Appliquées, Clos Chapelle-aux-champs 30, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Gala
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Centre de Technologies Moléculaires Appliquées, Clos Chapelle-aux-champs 30, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adrien Paquot
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Avenue Mounier 73, B1.72.01, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Avenue Mounier 73, B1.72.01, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- IREC Imaging Platform (2IP), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sybille van den Brule
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Avenue Hippocrate 57, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Lison
- Université catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Avenue Hippocrate 57, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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Murugadoss S, Godderis L, Ghosh M, Hoet PH. Assessing the Toxicological Relevance of Nanomaterial Agglomerates and Aggregates Using Realistic Exposure In Vitro. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11071793. [PMID: 34361178 PMCID: PMC8308261 DOI: 10.3390/nano11071793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Low dose repeated exposures are considered more relevant/realistic in assessing the health risks of nanomaterials (NM), as human exposure such as in workplace occurs in low doses and in a repeated manner. Thus, in a three-week study, we assessed the biological effects (cell viability, cell proliferation, oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory response, and DNA damage) of titanium-di-oxide nanoparticle (TiO2 NP) agglomerates and synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) aggregates of different sizes in human bronchial epithelial (HBE), colon epithelial (Caco2), and human monocytic (THP-1) cell lines repeatedly exposed to a non-cytotoxic dose (0.76 µg/cm2). We noticed that neither of the two TiO2 NPs nor their agglomeration states induced any effects (compared to control) in any of the cell lines tested while SAS aggregates induced some significant effects only in HBE cell cultures. In a second set of experiments, HBE cell cultures were exposed repeatedly to different SAS suspensions for two weeks (first and second exposure cycle) and allowed to recover (without SAS exposure, recovery period) for a week. We observed that SAS aggregates of larger sizes (size ~2.5 µm) significantly affected the cell proliferation, IL-6, IL-8, and total glutathione at the end of both exposure cycle while their nanosized counterparts (size less than 100 nm) induced more pronounced effects only at the end of the first exposure cycle. As noticed in our previous short-term (24 h) exposure study, large aggregates of SAS did appear to be similarly potent as nano sized aggregates. This study also suggests that aggregates of SAS of size greater than 100 nm are toxicologically relevant and should be considered in risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Murugadoss
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (S.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Lode Godderis
- Laboratory for Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
- IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Manosij Ghosh
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (S.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Peter H. Hoet
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (S.M.); (M.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-1633-0197
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22
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Determination of Two Differently Manufactured Silicon Dioxide Nanoparticles by Cloud Point Extraction Approach in Intestinal Cells, Intestinal Barriers and Tissues. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137035. [PMID: 34210022 PMCID: PMC8268481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Food additive amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO2) particles are manufactured by two different methods—precipitated and fumed procedures—which can induce different physicochemical properties and biological fates. In this study, precipitated and fumed SiO2 particles were characterized in terms of constituent particle size, hydrodynamic diameter, zeta potential, surface area, and solubility. Their fates in intestinal cells, intestinal barriers, and tissues after oral administration in rats were determined by optimizing Triton X-114-based cloud point extraction (CPE). The results demonstrate that the constituent particle sizes of precipitated and fumed SiO2 particles were similar, but their aggregate states differed from biofluid types, which also affect dissolution properties. Significantly higher cellular uptake, intestinal transport amount, and tissue accumulation of precipitated SiO2 than of fumed SiO2 was found. The intracellular fates of both types of particles in intestinal cells were primarily particle forms, but slowly decomposed into ions during intestinal transport and after distribution in the liver, and completely dissolved in the bloodstream and kidneys. These findings will provide crucial information for understanding and predicting the potential toxicity of food additive SiO2 after oral intake.
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Silicon dioxide nanoparticles induced neurobehavioral impairments by disrupting microbiota-gut-brain axis. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:174. [PMID: 34112173 PMCID: PMC8194163 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00916-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) are widely used as additive in the food industry with controversial health risk. Gut microbiota is a new and hot topic in the field of nanotoxicity. It also contributes a novel and insightful view to understand the potential health risk of food-grade SiO2NPs in children, who are susceptible to the toxic effects of nanoparticles. Methods In current study, the young mice were orally administrated with vehicle or SiO2NPs solution for 28 days. The effects of SiO2NPs on the gut microbiota were detected by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing, and the neurobehavioral functions were evaluated by open field test and Morris water maze. The level of inflammation, tissue integrity of gut and the classical indicators involved in gut–brain, gut–liver and gut–lung axis were all assessed. Results Our results demonstrated that SiO2NPs significantly caused the spatial learning and memory impairments and locomotor inhibition. Although SiO2NPs did not trigger evident intestinal or neuronal inflammation, they remarkably damaged the tissue integrity. The microbial diversity within the gut was unexpectedly enhanced in SiO2NPs-treated mice, mainly manifested by the increased abundances of Firmicutes and Patescibacteria. Intriguingly, we demonstrated for the first time that the neurobehavioral impairments and brain damages induced by SiO2NPs might be distinctively associated with the disruption of gut–brain axis by specific chemical substances originated from gut, such as Vipr1 and Sstr2. Unapparent changes in liver or lung tissues further suggested the absence of gut–liver axis or gut–lung axis regulation upon oral SiO2NPs exposure. Conclusion This study provides a novel idea that the SiO2NPs induced neurotoxic effects may occur through distinctive gut–brain axis, showing no significant impact on either gut–lung axis or gut–liver axis. These findings raise the exciting prospect that maintenance and coordination of gastrointestinal functions may be critical for protection against the neurotoxicity of infant foodborne SiO2NPs. ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-00916-2.
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Brand W, van Kesteren PCE, Peters RJB, Oomen AG. Issues currently complicating the risk assessment of synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) nanoparticles after oral exposure. Nanotoxicology 2021; 15:905-933. [PMID: 34074217 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2021.1931724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) is applied in food products as food additive E 551. It consists of constituent amorphous silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles that form aggregates and agglomerates. We reviewed recent oral toxicity studies with SAS. Some of those report tissue concentrations of silicon (Si). The results of those studies were compared with recently determined tissue concentrations of Si (and Si-particles) in human postmortem tissues. We noticed inconsistent results of the various toxicity studies regarding toxicity and reported tissue concentrations, which hamper the risk assessment of SAS. A broad range of Si concentrations is reported in control animals in toxicity studies. The Si concentrations found in human postmortem tissues fall within this range. On the other hand, the mean concentration found in human liver is higher than the reported concentrations causing liver effects in some animal toxicity studies after oral exposure to SAS. Also higher liver concentrations are observed in other, negative animal studies. Those inconsistencies could be caused by the presence of other Si-containing chemical substances or particles (which potentially also includes background SAS) and/or different sample preparation and analytical techniques that were used. Other factors which could explain the inconsistencies in outcome between the toxicity studies are the distinct SAS used and different dosing regimes, such as way of administration (dietary, via drinking water, oral gavage), dispersion of SAS and dose. More research is needed to address these issues and to perform a proper risk assessment for SAS in food. The current review will help to progress research on the toxicity of SAS and the associated risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Brand
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Petra C E van Kesteren
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud J B Peters
- Wageningen Food Safety Research (WFSR), Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Agnes G Oomen
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Pinto L, Bonifacio MA, De Giglio E, Santovito E, Cometa S, Bevilacqua A, Baruzzi F. Biopolymer hybrid materials: Development, characterization, and food packaging applications. Food Packag Shelf Life 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2021.100676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lu X, Li J, Lou H, Cao Z, Fan X. Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Alterations and Potential Risk Induced by Subacute and Subchronic Exposure to Food-Grade Nanosilica in Mice. ACS NANO 2021; 15:8225-8243. [PMID: 33938728 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c07323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The intensive application of nanomaterials in the food industry has raised concerns about their potential risks to human health. However, limited data are available on the biological safety of nanomaterials in food, especially at the epigenetic level. This study examined the implications of two types of synthetic amorphous silica (SAS), food-grade precipitated silica (S200) and fumed silica Aerosil 200F (A200F), which are nanorange food additives. After 28-day continuous and intermittent subacute exposure to these SAS via diet, whole-genome methylation levels in mouse peripheral leukocytes and liver were significantly altered in a dose- and SAS type-dependent manner, with minimal toxicity detected by conventional toxicological assessments, especially at a human-relevant dose (HRD). The 84-day continuous subchronic exposure to all doses of S200 and A200F induced liver steatosis where S200 accumulated in the liver even at HRD. Genome-wide DNA methylation sequencing revealed that the differentially methylated regions induced by both SAS were mainly located in the intron, intergenic, and promoter regions after 84-day high-dose continuous exposure. Bioinformatics analysis of differentially methylated genes indicated that exposure to S200 or A200F may lead to lipid metabolism disorders and cancer development. Pathway validation experiments indicated both SAS types as potentially carcinogenic. While S200 inhibited the p53-mediated apoptotic pathway in mouse liver, A200F activated the HRAS-mediated MAPK signaling pathway, which is a key driver of hepatocarcinogenesis. Thus, caution must be paid to the risk of long-term exposure to food-grade SAS, and epigenetic parameters should be included as end points during the risk assessment of food-grade nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Lu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Junying Li
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - He Lou
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zeya Cao
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovation Center in Zhejiang University, State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Olejnik M, Breisch M, Sokolova V, Loza K, Prymak O, Rosenkranz N, Westphal G, Bünger J, Köller M, Sengstock C, Epple M. The effect of short silica fibers (0.3 μm 3.2 μm) on macrophages. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:144575. [PMID: 33486165 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Silica fibers with a dimension of 0.3 μm ∙ 3.2 μm2 nm were prepared by a modified Stöber synthesis as model particles. The particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetry and X-ray powder diffraction. Their uptake by macrophages (THP-1 cells and NR8383 cells) was studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The uptake by cells was very high, but the silica fibers were not harmful to NR8383 cells in concentrations up to 100 μg mL-1. Only above 100 μg mL-1, significant cell toxic effects were observed, probably induced by a high dose of particles that had sedimented on the cells and led to the adverse effects. The chemotactic response as assessed by the particle-induced migration assay (PICMA) was weak in comparison to a control of agglomerated silica particles. The as-prepared fibers were fully X-ray amorphous but crystallized to β-cristobalite after heating to 1000 °C and converted to α-cristobalite upon cooling to ambient temperature. The fibers had sintered to larger aggregates but retained their elongated primary shape. The particle cytotoxicity towards THP-1 cells was not significantly enhanced by the crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Olejnik
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marina Breisch
- BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Surgical Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Viktoriya Sokolova
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kateryna Loza
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Oleg Prymak
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nina Rosenkranz
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Götz Westphal
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bünger
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Manfred Köller
- BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Surgical Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christina Sengstock
- BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Surgical Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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Akbari-Alavijeh S, Shaddel R, Jafari SM. In vivo assessments for predicting the bioavailability of nanoencapsulated food bioactives and the safety of nanomaterials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7460-7478. [PMID: 33938781 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1915239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Use of nano-sized materials to design novel delivery systems is actually a double-edged sword regarding the enhancement of absorption and bioavailability of encapsulated bioactives as well as the unpredictable phenomena inside the living cells causing health concerns. So, comprehensive investigations on the use of nanomaterials in foods and their biological fate are needed. To reach this goal, both in vitro and in vivo techniques have been extensively applied. Besides the in vitro models such as cell culture and yeast/bacteria, different live animal models like mice, rat, Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, Zebrafish and dog can be applied to study bioavailability and safety of nanodelivery systems. However, considering the low correlation between the achieved results of in vitro and in vivo assays, in vivo tests are the first priority due to providing a real physiological condition. On the other hand, uncorrelated results by in vivo assays represent a serious problem to compare them. To defeat the issues in setting an in vivo research for the nanodelivery systems, all restrictions and FDA regulations is likely to be considered to improve the assays authenticity. This review takes a comprehensive look at the different types of in vivo assays and model organisms that has been utilized for the investigation of bioavailability, release profile and possible toxicity of food-based nanomaterials so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoura Akbari-Alavijeh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Rezvan Shaddel
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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Tassinari R, Martinelli A, Valeri M, Maranghi F. Amorphous silica nanoparticles induced spleen and liver toxicity after acute intravenous exposure in male and female rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2021; 37:328-335. [PMID: 33910434 DOI: 10.1177/07482337211010579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) nanomaterial - consisting of aggregates and agglomerates of primary silicon dioxide (SiO2) particles in the nanorange (<100 nm) - is commonly used as excipient in pharmaceuticals, in cosmetics and as food additive (E551). The available data suggest that SAS nanoparticles (NP) after intravenous (IV) exposure persist in liver and spleen; however, insufficient data exist to verify whether SAS may also induce adverse effects. The aim of the present study was to verify the potential long-term effects of SAS NP (NM-203) on spleen and liver as target organs following short-term exposure. Adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated by IV injection in the tail vein with a single (1-day) dose (SD) and repeated (5-day) doses (RD) of 20 mg/kg bw per day of SAS dispersed in sterile saline solution as vehicle. Histopathological examinations of target organs were performed after 90 days. Tissue biodistribution and full characterization of NM-203, primary particle size 13-45 nm, was performed within the framework of the Nanogenotox project. No mortality or general toxicity occurred; histopathological analysis showed splenomegaly in the RD group accompanied by inflammatory granulomas in both sexes. Granulomas were also present in liver parenchyma in the RD (both sexes) and SD groups (male only). The histopathological results indicated that SAS NP have the potential to persist and induce sex-specific chronic inflammatory lesions in spleen and liver upon short-term treatment. Overall, the data showed that the widespread use of silica in drugs might elicit chronic reactions in spleen and liver prompting to the need of further investigations on the safety of SAS NP.[Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Tassinari
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Martinelli
- Experimental Animal Welfare Sector, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Valeri
- Experimental Animal Welfare Sector, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Maranghi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Lee JH, You SM, Luo K, Ko JS, Jo AH, Kim YR. Synthetic Ligand-Coated Starch Magnetic Microbeads for Selective Extraction of Food Additive Silicon Dioxide from Commercial Processed Food. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020532. [PMID: 33669702 PMCID: PMC7922398 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The amorphous form of silicon dioxide has long been regarded as a safe food additive (E551) that is widely used in commercially processed food as an anticaking agent. However, starting with titanium dioxide, there have been growing safety concerns regarding to the use of nanoscale silicon dioxide particles in food as food additives. The size, morphology, and chemical properties of inorganic food materials are important parameters to determine its potential toxicity. Therefore, an effective means of extracting an intact form of SiO2 from food without altering the physicochemical property of SiO2 particles is of great need to accurately monitor its characteristics. Here, we report on an effective magnetic separation method to extract food additive SiO2 from food by utilizing a diatom-originated peptide with a specific affinity to SiO2 particles. The affinity-based magnetic separation was found to be specific to SiO2 particles over other types of inorganic food additives such as titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. The size and morphology of SiO2 were shown to not be affected by the extraction processes. This method was successfully applied to extract and characterize the food additive SiO2 from six different types of commercial food.
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Ogawa T, Okumura R, Nagano K, Minemura T, Izumi M, Motooka D, Nakamura S, Iida T, Maeda Y, Kumanogoh A, Tsutsumi Y, Takeda K. Oral intake of silica nanoparticles exacerbates intestinal inflammation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 534:540-546. [PMID: 33239174 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles, i.e., particles with a diameter of ≤100 nm regardless of their composing material, are added to various foods as moisturizers, coloring agents, and preservatives. Silicon dioxide (SiO2, silica) nanoparticles in particular are widely used as food additives. However, the influence of SiO2 nanoparticle oral consumption on intestinal homeostasis remains unclear. The daily intake of 10-nm-sized SiO2 nanoparticles exacerbates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, whereas the daily intake of 30-nm-sized SiO2 nanoparticles has no influence on intestinal inflammation. The exacerbation of colitis induced by consuming 10-nm-sized SiO2 nanoparticles was abolished in mice deficient in apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC). Our study indicates that the oral intake of small SiO2 nanoparticles poses a risk for worsening intestinal inflammation through activation of the ASC inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Ogawa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryu Okumura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuya Nagano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomomi Minemura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Izumi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shota Nakamura
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Iida
- Department of Infection Metagenomics, Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Bacterial Infections, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuichi Maeda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kumanogoh
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuo Tsutsumi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; The Center for Advanced Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Hempt C, Hirsch C, Hannig Y, Rippl A, Wick P, Buerki-Thurnherr T. Investigating the effects of differently produced synthetic amorphous silica (E 551) on the integrity and functionality of the human intestinal barrier using an advanced in vitro co-culture model. Arch Toxicol 2020; 95:837-852. [PMID: 33319326 PMCID: PMC7904742 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02957-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
E 551, also known as synthetic amorphous silica (SAS), is the second most produced food additive. However, according to the re-evaluation of E 551 by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) in 2018, the amount of available data on the oral toxicity of food grade E 551 is still insufficient for reliable risk assessment. To close this gap, this study aimed to investigate six food-grade SAS with distinct physicochemical properties on their interaction with the intestinal barrier using advanced in vitro intestinal co-cultures and to identify potential structure-activity relationships. A mucus-secreting Caco-2/HT-29/Raji co-culture model was treated with up to 50 µg/ml SAS for 48 h, which represents a dose range relevant to dietary exposure. No effects on cell viability, barrier integrity, microvilli function or the release of inflammatory cytokine were detected after acute exposure. Slight biological responses were observed for few SAS materials on iron uptake and gene expression levels of mucin 1 and G-protein coupled receptor 120 (GPR120). There was no clear correlation between SAS properties (single or combined) and the observed biological responses. Overall, this study provides novel insights into the short-term impact of food-relevant SAS with distinct characteristics on the intestinal epithelium including a range of intestine-specific functional endpoints. In addition, it highlights the importance of using advanced intestinal co-cultures embracing relevant cell types as well as a protective mucus barrier to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the biological response of food additives at the intestinal barrier in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hempt
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Cordula Hirsch
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Yvette Hannig
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Rippl
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Peter Wick
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Tina Buerki-Thurnherr
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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Harnessing the nano-bio interface: Application of membrane coating to long acting silica particles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 158:382-389. [PMID: 33309845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Interaction of conventional drug delivery systems such as polymeric or lipid based nano- and microparticles with the in vivo milieu has garnered significant interest, primarily to orchestrate immune escape and/or improve targeting. Surface modification with targeting ligands has been heavily relied upon for the mentioned purpose in the recent years. However, the surface modified particles can also activate the immune system. Large-scale manufacturing can also be a challenge, as surface modification needs to be reproducible. Furthermore, in vivo, the targeting is dependent on the receptor expression density and number of target sites, which adds to the pharmacokinetic variability of the constructs. An evolving paradigm to overcome complications of surface functionalization is the incorporation of bio-inspired topographies into these conventional delivery systems to enable them to better interact with biological systems. Biomimetic delivery systems combine the unique surface composition of cells or cell membranes, and versatility of synthetic nanoparticles. In this review, we focus on one such delivery system, silica particles, and explore their interaction with different biological membranes.
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Kersting M, Olejnik M, Rosenkranz N, Loza K, Breisch M, Rostek A, Westphal G, Bünger J, Ziegler N, Ludwig A, Köller M, Sengstock C, Epple M. Subtoxic cell responses to silica particles with different size and shape. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21591. [PMID: 33299057 PMCID: PMC7726159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78550-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Health risks from particles are a priority challenge to health protection at work. Despite the ubiquitous exposure to a wide range of particles and the many years of research in this field, there are fundamental unresolved questions regarding the prevention of particle-related respiratory diseases. Here, the highly relevant particulate material silicon dioxide was analyzed with emphasis on defined size and shape. Silica particles were prepared with different size and shape: Spheres (NS nanospheres 60 nm; SMS submicrospheres 230 nm; MS microspheres 430 nm) and rods (SMR submicrorods with d = 125 nm, L = 230 nm; aspect ratio 1:1.8; MR microrods with d = 100 nm, L = 600 nm; aspect ratio 1:6). After an in-depth physicochemical characterization, their effects on NR8383 alveolar macrophages were investigated. The particles were X-ray amorphous, well dispersed, and not agglomerated. Toxic effects were only observed at high concentrations, i.e. ≥ 200 µg mL-1, with the microparticles showing a stronger significant effect on toxicity (MS≈MR > SMR≈SMS≈NS) than the nanoparticles. Special attention was directed to effects in the subtoxic range (less than 50% cell death compared to untreated cells), i.e. below 100 µg mL-1 where chronic health effects may be expected. All particles were readily taken up by NR8383 cells within a few hours and mainly found associated with endolysosomes. At subtoxic levels, neither particle type induced strongly adverse effects, as probed by viability tests, detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS), protein microarrays, and cytokine release (IL-1β, GDF-15, TNF-α, CXCL1). In the particle-induced cell migration assay (PICMA) with leukocytes (dHL-60 cells) and in cytokine release assays, only small effects were seen. In conclusion, at subtoxic concentrations, where chronic health effects may be expected, neither size and nor shape of the synthesized chemically identical silica particles showed harmful cell-biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kersting
- BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Surgical Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mateusz Olejnik
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Nina Rosenkranz
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Kateryna Loza
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marina Breisch
- BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Surgical Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alexander Rostek
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Götz Westphal
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bünger
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Nadine Ziegler
- Chair for Materials Discovery and Interfaces, Institute for Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alfred Ludwig
- Chair for Materials Discovery and Interfaces, Institute for Materials, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Manfred Köller
- BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Surgical Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christina Sengstock
- BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Surgical Research, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Matthias Epple
- Inorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.
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García-Rodríguez A, Moreno-Olivas F, Marcos R, Tako E, Marques CNH, Mahler GJ. The Role of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles, Escherichia coli, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on Small Intestinal Enzyme Activity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. NANO 2020; 7:3940-3964. [PMID: 33815806 PMCID: PMC8011031 DOI: 10.1039/d0en01001d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have become common in the food industry, which motivates the need to evaluate ENM effects on human health. Gastrointestinal (GI) in vitro models (e.g. Caco-2, Caco-2/HT29-MTX) have been used in nanotoxicology research. However, the human gut environment is composed of both human cells and the gut microbiota. The goal of this study is to increase the complexity of the Caco-2/HT29-MTX in vitro model by co-culturing human cells with the Gram-positive, commensal Lactobacillus rhamnosus or the Gram-negative, opportunistic Escherichia coli; with the hypothesis that the presence of bacteria would ameliorate the effects of exposure to metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) such as iron oxide (Fe2O3), silicone dioxide (SiO2), titanium dioxide (TiO2), or zinc oxide (ZnO). To understand this relationship, Caco-2/HT29-MTX cell barriers were acutely co-exposed (4 hours) to bacteria and/or NPs (pristine or in vitro digested). The activity of the brush border membrane (BBM) enzymes intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP), aminopeptidase-N (APN), sucrase isomaltase (SI) and the basolateral membrane enzyme (BLM) Na+/K+ ATPase were assessed. Findings show that (i) the human digestion process alters the physicochemical properties of NPs, (ii) large agglomerates of NPs remain entrapped on the apical side of the intestinal barrier, which (iii) affects the activity of BBM enzymes. Interestingly, some NPs effects were attenuated in the presence of either bacterial strains. Confocal microscopy detected bacteria-NPs interactions, which may impede the NP-intestinal cell contact. These results highlight the importance of improving in vitro models to closely mimic the complexities of the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba García-Rodríguez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 1302, USA
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Bioscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Fabiola Moreno-Olivas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
| | - Ricard Marcos
- Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Bioscience, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Elad Tako
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Stocking Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853-7201, USA
| | - Cláudia N. H. Marques
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 1302, USA
| | - Gretchen J. Mahler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
- Binghamton Biofilm Research Center, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, 13902, USA
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Fuentes C, Ruiz-Rico M, Fuentes A, Barat JM, Ruiz MJ. Comparative cytotoxic study of silica materials functionalised with essential oil components in HepG2 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 147:111858. [PMID: 33212212 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This work evaluated the cytotoxic effect of different EOCs-functionalised silica particle types. The in vitro toxicity of eugenol and vanillin-immobilised SAS, MCM-41 microparticles and MCM-41 nanoparticles was evaluated on HepG2 cells, and compared to free EOCs and pristine materials. The results revealed that free essential oil components and bare silica had a mild cytotoxic effect on HepG2 cells. However, the comparative study showed that free eugenol and vanillin had a milder cytotoxic effect than the equivalent concentrations of immobilised components on the different silica particles, while differences in cell viability between the bare and functionalised particles relied on the type of analysed material. The most cytotoxic materials were eugenol and vanillin-functionalised MCM-41 micro with IC50 values of 0.19 and 0.17 mg/mL, respectively, at 48 h exposure. Differences in cytotoxicity between functionalised particles may be attributed to the density of the functional components on their surface as a result of the functionalisation reaction performance for different materials. The study of the physico-chemical properties of particles demonstrated that cationic nature and increased hydrophobicity could be responsible for promoting cell-particle interactions for the eugenol and vanillin functionalised silica particles, enhancing their cytotoxic behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Fuentes
- Department of Food Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València. Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain.
| | - María Ruiz-Rico
- Department of Food Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València. Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain
| | - Ana Fuentes
- Department of Food Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València. Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain
| | - José Manuel Barat
- Department of Food Technology, Universitat Politècnica de València. Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, València, Spain
| | - María José Ruiz
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100 Burjassot, València, Spain
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Szymanek K, Charmas R, Piasecki W. Investigations of mechanism of Ca2+ adsorption on silica and alumina based on Ca-ISE monitoring, potentiometric titration, electrokinetic measurements and surface complexation modeling. ADSORPTION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-020-00280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractResearch on Ca2+ adsorption onto the mineral surface is of significant importance with regard to geochemical processes. Sverjensky (Geochim Cosmochim Acta 70(10), 2427–2453, 2006) assumed that alkaline earths form two types of surface species on oxides: tetranuclear (> SOH)2(> SO−)2_M(OH)+ and mononuclear > SO−_M(OH)+. To look into the above assumption we investigated calcium adsorption on SiO2 and Al2O3 because they are the most widespread minerals in the environment. We have determined the proton surface charge, electrokinetic potential and metal adsorption as a function of pH. The Ca2+ uptake and concentration in the system were monitored by the calcium ion-selective electrode (Ca-ISE). The Ca-ISE measurements indicated a similar affinity of Ca2+ for both materials despite their differently charged surface, negative for silica and mainly positive for alumina. This may suggest that simple electrostatic interactions are not the primary driving force for calcium adsorption, and that solvation of calcium ions at the surface may be crucial. We have analyzed our experimental data using the 2-pK triple-layer model (2-pK TLM). Three calcium complexes on the mineral surface were reported. Two of them were the same for both oxides, i.e. the tetranuclear ($$>$$
>
SOH)2($$>$$
>
SO−)2_Ca2+ and mononuclear complexes > SO−_CaOH+. Additionally, minor contribution from >SOH…Ca2+ for silica was assumed. In the case of Al2O3 the hydrolyzed tetranuclear complexes ($$>$$
>
SOH)2($$>$$
>
SO−)2_CaOH+ at pH > 7.5 occurred based on the modeling results. Two types of surface complexes suggested by Sverjensky allowed for the correct description of proton and calcium uptake for alumina. However, the electrokinetic data excluded hydrolyzed tetranuclear surface species for this oxide.
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Dussert F, Arthaud PA, Arnal ME, Dalzon B, Torres A, Douki T, Herlin N, Rabilloud T, Carriere M. Toxicity to RAW264.7 Macrophages of Silica Nanoparticles and the E551 Food Additive, in Combination with Genotoxic Agents. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10071418. [PMID: 32708108 PMCID: PMC7408573 DOI: 10.3390/nano10071418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) is used in a plethora of applications and included in many daily products to which humans are exposed via inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. This poses the question of their potential toxicity, particularly towards macrophages, which show specific sensitivity to this material. SAS represents an ideal candidate for the adsorption of environmental contaminants due to its large surface area and could consequently modulate their toxicity. In this study, we assessed the toxicity towards macrophages and intestinal epithelial cells of three SAS particles, either isolated SiO2 nanoparticles (LS30) or SiO2 particles composed of agglomerated-aggregates of fused primary particles, either food-grade (E551) or non-food-grade (Fumed silica). These particles were applied to cells either alone or in combination with genotoxic co-contaminants, i.e., benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) and methane methylsulfonate (MMS). We show that macrophages are much more sensitive to these toxic agents than a non-differenciated co-culture of Caco-2 and HT29-MTX cells, used here as a model of intestinal epithelium. Co-exposure to SiO2 and MMS causes DNA damage in a synergistic way, which is not explained by the modulation of DNA repair protein mRNA expression. Together, this suggests that SiO2 particles could adsorb genotoxic agents on their surface and, consequently, increase their DNA damaging potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Dussert
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-DIESE, SyMMES, Chemistry Interface Biology for the Environment, Health and Toxicology (CIBEST), F-38000 Grenoble, France; (F.D.); (P.-A.A.); (M.-E.A.); (T.D.)
| | - Pierre-Adrien Arthaud
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-DIESE, SyMMES, Chemistry Interface Biology for the Environment, Health and Toxicology (CIBEST), F-38000 Grenoble, France; (F.D.); (P.-A.A.); (M.-E.A.); (T.D.)
| | - Marie-Edith Arnal
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-DIESE, SyMMES, Chemistry Interface Biology for the Environment, Health and Toxicology (CIBEST), F-38000 Grenoble, France; (F.D.); (P.-A.A.); (M.-E.A.); (T.D.)
| | - Bastien Dalzon
- Chemistry and Biology of Metals, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR5249, CEA, IRIG-DIESE-LCBM-ProMD, F-38054 Grenoble, France; (B.D.); (A.T.); (T.R.)
| | - Anaëlle Torres
- Chemistry and Biology of Metals, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR5249, CEA, IRIG-DIESE-LCBM-ProMD, F-38054 Grenoble, France; (B.D.); (A.T.); (T.R.)
| | - Thierry Douki
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-DIESE, SyMMES, Chemistry Interface Biology for the Environment, Health and Toxicology (CIBEST), F-38000 Grenoble, France; (F.D.); (P.-A.A.); (M.-E.A.); (T.D.)
| | - Nathalie Herlin
- Université Paris Saclay, CEA Saclay, IRAMIS NIMBE UMR 3685, 91191 Gif/Yvette CEDEX, France;
| | - Thierry Rabilloud
- Chemistry and Biology of Metals, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS UMR5249, CEA, IRIG-DIESE-LCBM-ProMD, F-38054 Grenoble, France; (B.D.); (A.T.); (T.R.)
| | - Marie Carriere
- Université Grenoble-Alpes, CEA, CNRS, IRIG-DIESE, SyMMES, Chemistry Interface Biology for the Environment, Health and Toxicology (CIBEST), F-38000 Grenoble, France; (F.D.); (P.-A.A.); (M.-E.A.); (T.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-3878-0328
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Yu J, Kim YH, Kim HM, Oh JM, Kim YR, Choi SJ. Determination of the fate and biological responses of food additive silica particles in commercial foods. Food Chem 2020; 331:127304. [PMID: 32562980 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) is widely added to commercial foods as an anticaking agent. Concern about the potential application of nanosized silica in foods has increased as nanomaterials are not intended for use as food additives. This study evaluated the particle size distributions and biological responses of food additive SAS. An accurate, sensitive, and cost-effective analytical method for probing SAS was established, and quantitative analysis of its presence in commercial foods was performed. The results demonstrate that food additive SAS is an aggregated material composed of nanosized particles with nanosized aggregates of silica particles identified in commercial foods. Food additive SAS did not exhibit acute cytotoxicity compared to both general-grade nano (G-nano) and bulk (G-bulk) silica. Moreover, intestinal transport amounts of food additive SAS were significantly lower than for G-nano. Taken together, we find that food additive SAS does not exhibit acute toxicity resulting from nanosized materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yu
- Division of Applied Food System, Major of Food Science & Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye-Hyun Kim
- Division of Applied Food System, Major of Food Science & Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Mi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Medical Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Yonsei University, Wonju, Gangwondo 26493, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Oh
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Rok Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology & Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Choi
- Division of Applied Food System, Major of Food Science & Technology, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Republic of Korea.
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Liu C, Zhang T, Chen L, Chen Y. The choice of anti-tumor strategies based on micromolecules or drug loading function of biomaterials. Cancer Lett 2020; 487:45-52. [PMID: 32474154 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
With advances in modern medicine, diverse tumor therapies have been developed. However, because of a lack of effective methods, the delivery of drugs or micromolecules in the human body has many limitations. Biomaterials are natural or synthetic functional materials that are prone to contact or interact with living systems. Therefore, the application of biomaterials provides innovative anti-tumor strategies, especially in tumor targeting, chemotherapy sensitization, tumor immunotherapy. The combination of biomaterials and drugs provides a promising strategy to overcome the biological barriers of drug delivery. Nanomaterials can target specific tumor sites to enhance the efficiency of tumor therapies and decrease the toxicity of drug through passive targeting, active targeting and direct targeting. Additionally, biomaterials can be used to enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapy drugs. Furthermore, modifiable biomaterials can induce effective anti-tumor immune response. Currently, the developmental trend of biomaterial for drug delivery is motivated by the combination and diversification of different therapies. With interdisciplinary development, a variety of anti-tumor strategies will emerge in an endless stream to bring great hope for tumor therapy. In this review, we will discuss the anti-tumor strategies based on nanoparticles and injectable scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyi Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of TianJin Medical University, TianJin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, 300211, China; Department of Urology, Lu'an Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 237000, Anhui, China
| | - Tianke Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of TianJin Medical University, TianJin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, 300211, China; Department of Anorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, 300121, Tianjin, China
| | - Liqun Chen
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of TianJin Medical University, TianJin Institute of Urology, Tianjin, 300211, China.
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41
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Hempt C, Kaiser JP, Scholder O, Buerki-Thurnherr T, Hofmann H, Rippl A, Schuster TB, Wick P, Hirsch C. The impact of synthetic amorphous silica (E 551) on differentiated Caco-2 cells, a model for the human intestinal epithelium. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 67:104903. [PMID: 32473318 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
For several decades, food-grade synthetic amorphous silica (SAS) have been used as a technological additive to reduce caking of food powders. Human exposure is thus inevitable and safety concerns are taken seriously. The toxicity of silica in general and SAS in particular has been studied extensively. Overall, there is little evidence that food-grade SAS pose any health risks to humans. However, from the available data it was often not clear which type of silica was used. Accordingly, the latest report of the European food safety authority requested additional toxicity data for well-characterised "real food-grade SAS". To close this gap, we screened a panel of ten well-defined, food-grade SAS for potential adverse effects on differentiated Caco-2 cells. Precipitated and fumed SAS with low, intermediate and high specific surface area were included to determine structure-activity relationships. In a physiological dose-range up to 50 μg/ml and 48 h of incubation, none of the materials induced adverse effects on differentiated Caco-2 cells. This held true for endpoints of acute cytotoxicity as well as epithelial specific measures of barrier integrity. These results showed that despite considerable differences in production routes and material characteristics, food-relevant SAS did not elicit acute toxicity responses in intestinal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hempt
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Kaiser
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Scholder
- Nanoscale Materials Science Laboratory, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Tina Buerki-Thurnherr
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Heinrich Hofmann
- Institute of Materials, Powder Technology Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Rippl
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Tobias B Schuster
- Evonik Resource Efficiency GmbH, Rodenbacher Chaussee 4, 63457 Hanau-Wolfgang, Germany
| | - Peter Wick
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Cordula Hirsch
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, CH-9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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Aureli F, Ciprotti M, D’Amato M, do Nascimento da Silva E, Nisi S, Passeri D, Sorbo A, Raggi A, Rossi M, Cubadda F. Determination of Total Silicon and SiO 2 Particles Using an ICP-MS Based Analytical Platform for Toxicokinetic Studies of Synthetic Amorphous Silica. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E888. [PMID: 32384606 PMCID: PMC7279390 DOI: 10.3390/nano10050888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic amorphous silica (SAS), manufactured in pyrogenic or precipitated form, is a nanomaterial with a widespread use as food additive (E 551). Oral exposure to SAS results from its use in food and dietary supplements, pharmaceuticals and toothpaste. Recent evidence suggests that oral exposure to SAS may pose health risks and highlights the need to address the toxic potential of SAS as affected by the physicochemical characteristics of the different forms of SAS. For this aim, investigating SAS toxicokinetics is of crucial importance and an analytical strategy for such an undertaking is presented. The minimization of silicon background in tissues, control of contamination (including silicon release from equipment), high-throughput sample treatment, elimination of spectral interferences affecting inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) silicon detection, and development of analytical quality control tools are the cornerstones of this strategy. A validated method combining sample digestion with silicon determination by reaction cell ICP-MS is presented. Silica particles are converted to soluble silicon by microwave dissolution with mixtures of HNO3, H2O2 and hydrofluoric acid (HF), whereas interference-free ICP-MS detection of total silicon is achieved by ion-molecule chemistry with limits of detection (LoDs) in the range 0.2-0.5 µg Si g-1 for most tissues. Deposition of particulate SiO2 in tissues is assessed by single particle ICP-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Aureli
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità-National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.A.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (A.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Maria Ciprotti
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità-National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.A.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (A.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Marilena D’Amato
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità-National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.A.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (A.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Emanueli do Nascimento da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 35400000, MG, Brazil;
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083970, SP, Brazil
| | - Stefano Nisi
- Gran Sasso National Laboratory, National Institute of Nuclear Physics (LNGS-INFN), 67100 Assergi (AQ), Italy;
| | - Daniele Passeri
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, University of Rome Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (M.R.)
- Research Center for Nanotechnology Applied to Engineering of Sapienza University of Rome (CNIS), University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Sorbo
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità-National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.A.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (A.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Andrea Raggi
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità-National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.A.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (A.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Marco Rossi
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, University of Rome Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy; (D.P.); (M.R.)
- Research Center for Nanotechnology Applied to Engineering of Sapienza University of Rome (CNIS), University of Rome Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cubadda
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità-National Institute of Health, 00161 Rome, Italy; (F.A.); (M.C.); (M.D.); (A.S.); (A.R.)
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Wang X, Chang CH, Jiang J, Liu X, Li J, Liu Q, Liao YP, Li L, Nel AE, Xia T. Mechanistic Differences in Cell Death Responses to Metal-Based Engineered Nanomaterials in Kupffer Cells and Hepatocytes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000528. [PMID: 32337854 PMCID: PMC7263057 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The mononuclear phagocyte system in the liver is a frequent target for nanoparticles (NPs). A toxicological profiling of metal-based NPs is performed in Kupffer cell (KC) and hepatocyte cell lines. Sixteen NPs are provided by the Nanomaterial Health Implications Research Consortium of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences to study the toxicological effects in KUP5 (KC) and Hepa 1-6 cells. Five NPs (Ag, CuO, ZnO, SiO2 , and V2 O5 ) exhibit cytotoxicity in both cell types, while SiO2 and V2 O5 induce IL-1β production in KC. Ag, CuO, and ZnO induced caspase 3 generated apoptosis in both cell types is accompanied by ion shedding and generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both cell types. However, the cell death response to SiO2 in KC differs by inducing pyroptosis as a result of potassium efflux, caspase 1 activation, NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, IL-1β release, and cleavage of gasdermin-D. This releases pore-performing peptide fragments responsible for pyroptotic cell swelling. Interestingly, although V2 O5 induces IL-1β release and delays caspase 1 activation by vanadium ion interference in membrane Na+ /K+ adenosine triphosphate (ATP)ase activity, the major cell death mechanism in KC (and Hepa 1-6) is caspase 3 mediated apoptosis. These findings improve the understanding of the mechanisms of metal-based engineered nanomaterial (ENM) toxicity in liver cells toward comprehensive safety evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine; University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute; University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Chong Hyun Chang
- California NanoSystems Institute; University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Jinhong Jiang
- California NanoSystems Institute; University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Xiangsheng Liu
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine; University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Jiulong Li
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine; University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Qi Liu
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine; University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Yu-Pei Liao
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine; University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Linjiang Li
- California NanoSystems Institute; University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - André E. Nel
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine; University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute; University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
| | - Tian Xia
- Division of NanoMedicine, Department of Medicine; University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
- California NanoSystems Institute; University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States, United States
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Murugadoss S, Brassinne F, Sebaihi N, Petry J, Cokic SM, Van Landuyt KL, Godderis L, Mast J, Lison D, Hoet PH, van den Brule S. Agglomeration of titanium dioxide nanoparticles increases toxicological responses in vitro and in vivo. Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:10. [PMID: 32101144 PMCID: PMC7045370 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-020-00341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The terms agglomerates and aggregates are frequently used in the regulatory definition(s) of nanomaterials (NMs) and hence attract attention in view of their potential influence on health effects. However, the influence of nanoparticle (NP) agglomeration and aggregation on toxicity is poorly understood although it is strongly believed that smaller the size of the NPs greater the toxicity. A toxicologically relevant definition of NMs is therefore not yet available, which affects not only the risk assessment process but also hinders the regulation of nano-products. In this study, we assessed the influence of NP agglomeration on their toxicity/biological responses in vitro and in vivo. Results We tested two TiO2 NPs with different primary sizes (17 and 117 nm) and prepared ad-hoc suspensions composed of small or large agglomerates with similar dispersion medium composition. For in vitro testing, human bronchial epithelial (HBE), colon epithelial (Caco2) and monocytic (THP-1) cell lines were exposed to these suspensions for 24 h and endpoints such as cytotoxicity, total glutathione, epithelial barrier integrity, inflammatory mediators and DNA damage were measured. Large agglomerates of 17 nm TiO2 induced stronger responses than small agglomerates for glutathione depletion, IL-8 and IL-1β increase, and DNA damage in THP-1, while no effect of agglomeration was observed with 117 nm TiO2. In vivo, C57BL/6JRj mice were exposed via oropharyngeal aspiration or oral gavage to TiO2 suspensions and, after 3 days, biological parameters including cytotoxicity, inflammatory cell recruitment, DNA damage and biopersistence were measured. Mainly, we observed that large agglomerates of 117 nm TiO2 induced higher pulmonary responses in aspirated mice and blood DNA damage in gavaged mice compared to small agglomerates. Conclusion Agglomeration of TiO2 NPs influences their toxicity/biological responses and, large agglomerates do not appear less active than small agglomerates. This study provides a deeper insight on the toxicological relevance of NP agglomerates and contributes to the establishment of a toxicologically relevant definition for NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Murugadoss
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Noham Sebaihi
- National Standards, FPS Economy, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jasmine Petry
- National Standards, FPS Economy, 1000, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stevan M Cokic
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, BIOMAT & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), Dentistry, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kirsten L Van Landuyt
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, KU Leuven, BIOMAT & UZ Leuven (University Hospitals Leuven), Dentistry, Kapucijnenvoer 7, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- Laboratory for Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.,IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jan Mast
- Trace Elements and Nanomaterials, Sciensano, 1180, Uccle, Belgium
| | - Dominique Lison
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter H Hoet
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sybille van den Brule
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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Tassinari R, Di Felice G, Butteroni C, Barletta B, Corinti S, Cubadda F, Aureli F, Raggi A, Narciso L, Tait S, Valeri M, Martinelli A, Di Virgilio A, Pacchierotti F, Cordelli E, Eleuteri P, Villani P, Fessard V, Maranghi F. Hazard identification of pyrogenic synthetic amorphous silica (NM-203) after sub-chronic oral exposure in rat: A multitarget approach. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 137:111168. [PMID: 32007467 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Food additive E551 consists of synthetic amorphous silica (SAS), comprising agglomerates and aggregates of primary particles in the nanorange (<100 nm), which potential nanospecific risks for humans associated to dietary exposure are not yet completely assessed. In NANoREG project, aim of the study was to identify potential hazards of pyrogenic SAS nanomaterial NM-203 by a 90-day oral toxicity study (OECD test guideline 408). Adult Sprague-Dawley rats of both sexes were orally treated with 0, 2, 5, 10, 20 and 50 mg SAS/kg bw per day; dose levels were selected to be as close as possible to E551 dietary exposure. Several endpoints were investigated, the whole integrative study is presented here along with the results of dispersion characterization, tissue distribution, general toxicity, blood/serum biomarkers, histopathological and immunotoxicity endpoints. No mortality, general toxicity and limited deposition in target tissues were observed. NM-203 affected liver and spleen in both sexes. Proposed NOAEL 5 mg/kg bw per day in male rats for enlarged sinusoids in liver. In female rats, TSH and creatinine levels were affected, proposed LOAEL 2 mg/kg bw per day. Overall, these data provide new insight for a comprehensive risk assessment of SAS exposure by the oral route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Tassinari
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Di Felice
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Butteroni
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Bianca Barletta
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Corinti
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Cubadda
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Aureli
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy; National Centre for the Control and Evaluation of Medicines, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Raggi
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Narciso
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Tait
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Valeri
- Experimental Animal Welfare Sector, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Martinelli
- Experimental Animal Welfare Sector, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Virgilio
- Experimental Animal Welfare Sector, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pacchierotti
- Health Protection Technology Division, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenia Cordelli
- Health Protection Technology Division, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Eleuteri
- Health Protection Technology Division, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Villani
- Health Protection Technology Division, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Valerie Fessard
- French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (ANSES), Fougères, France
| | - Francesca Maranghi
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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Gubala V, Giovannini G, Kunc F, Monopoli MP, Moore CJ. Dye-doped silica nanoparticles: synthesis, surface chemistry and bioapplications. Cancer Nanotechnol 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s12645-019-0056-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Fluorescent silica nanoparticles have been extensively utilised in a broad range of biological applications and are facilitated by their predictable, well-understood, flexible chemistry and apparent biocompatibility. The ability to couple various siloxane precursors with fluorescent dyes and to be subsequently incorporated into silica nanoparticles has made it possible to engineer these fluorophores-doped nanomaterials to specific optical requirements in biological experimentation. Consequently, this class of nanomaterial has been used in applications across immunodiagnostics, drug delivery and human-trial bioimaging in cancer research.
Main body
This review summarises the state-of-the-art of the use of dye-doped silica nanoparticles in bioapplications and firstly accounts for the common nanoparticle synthesis methods, surface modification approaches and different bioconjugation strategies employed to generate biomolecule-coated nanoparticles. The use of dye-doped silica nanoparticles in immunoassays/biosensing, bioimaging and drug delivery is then provided and possible future directions in the field are highlighted. Other non-cancer-related applications involving silica nanoparticles are also briefly discussed. Importantly, the impact of how the protein corona has changed our understanding of NP interactions with biological systems is described, as well as demonstrations of its capacity to be favourably manipulated.
Conclusions
Dye-doped silica nanoparticles have found success in the immunodiagnostics domain and have also shown promise as bioimaging agents in human clinical trials. Their use in cancer delivery has been restricted to murine models, as has been the case for the vast majority of nanomaterials intended for cancer therapy. This is hampered by the need for more human-like disease models and the lack of standardisation towards assessing nanoparticle toxicity. However, developments in the manipulation of the protein corona have improved the understanding of fundamental bio–nano interactions, and will undoubtedly assist in the translation of silica nanoparticles for disease treatment to the clinic.
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Murugadoss S, van den Brule S, Brassinne F, Sebaihi N, Mejia J, Lucas S, Petry J, Godderis L, Mast J, Lison D, Hoet PH. Is aggregated synthetic amorphous silica toxicologically relevant? Part Fibre Toxicol 2020; 17:1. [PMID: 31900181 PMCID: PMC6942297 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-019-0331-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The regulatory definition(s) of nanomaterials (NMs) frequently uses the term 'agglomerates and aggregates' (AA) despite the paucity of evidence that AA are significantly relevant from a nanotoxicological perspective. This knowledge gap greatly affects the safety assessment and regulation of NMs, such as synthetic amorphous silica (SAS). SAS is used in a large panel of industrial applications. They are primarily produced as nano-sized particles (1-100 nm in diameter) and considered safe as they form large aggregates (> 100 nm) during the production process. So far, it is indeed believed that large aggregates represent a weaker hazard compared to their nano counterpart. Thus, we assessed the impact of SAS aggregation on in vitro cytotoxicity/biological activity to address the toxicological relevance of aggregates of different sizes. RESULTS We used a precipitated SAS dispersed by different methods, generating 4 ad-hoc suspensions with different aggregate size distributions. Their effect on cell metabolic activity, cell viability, epithelial barrier integrity, total glutathione content and, IL-8 and IL-6 secretion were investigated after 24 h exposure in human bronchial epithelial (HBE), colon epithelial (Caco2) and monocytic cells (THP-1). We observed that the de-aggregated suspension (DE-AGGR), predominantly composed of nano-sized aggregates, induced stronger effects in all the cell lines than the aggregated suspension (AGGR). We then compared DE-AGGR with 2 suspensions fractionated from AGGR: the precipitated fraction (PREC) and the supernatant fraction (SuperN). Very large aggregates in PREC were found to be the least cytotoxic/biologically active compared to other suspensions. SuperN, which contains aggregates larger in size (> 100 nm) than in DE-AGGR but smaller than PREC, exhibited similar activity as DE-AGGR. CONCLUSION Overall, aggregation resulted in reduced toxicological activity of SAS. However, when comparing aggregates of different sizes, it appeared that aggregates > 100 nm were not necessarily less cytotoxic than their nano-sized counterparts. This study suggests that aggregates of SAS are toxicologically relevant for the definition of NMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Murugadoss
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sybille van den Brule
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Noham Sebaihi
- National Standards, FPS Economy, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jorge Mejia
- Synthesis Irradiation and Analysis of Materials Platform (SIAM), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Lucas
- LARN-NARILIS, University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, 5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Jasmine Petry
- National Standards, FPS Economy, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lode Godderis
- Laboratory for Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at work, Interleuvenlaan 58, 3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Jan Mast
- Trace Elements and Nanomaterials, Sciensano, 1180 Uccle, Belgium
| | - Dominique Lison
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter H. Hoet
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Unit of Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Sumaily I, Alarifi I, Alsuwaidan R, Alsiwat L, Alsaleh S. Impact of Nasal Irrigation With Iodized Table Salt Solution on Mucociliary Clearance: Proof-of-Concept Randomized Control Trial. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2019; 34:276-279. [PMID: 31789056 DOI: 10.1177/1945892419892172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Saline nasal irrigation is a common recommendation shared between the majority of clinical guidelines for sinusitis and rhinitis in adults and children. Studies involving homemade saline have typically involved the use of noniodized salt. However, the literature does not contain any descriptions for the use of iodized table salt in homemade saline solutions. Objectives To study the usefulness of iodized salt in homemade saline and its impact on mucociliary clearance (MCC). Methods Only healthy volunteers were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial. The sinonasal outcome test (SNOT)-22 and rhinoscopy were used to rule out any clinical evidence of sinusitis or rhinitis in the enrolled subjects. The saccharine clearance time (SCT) was used to evaluate MCC at baseline. Each candidate received 2 different nasal wash solutions—one containing iodized salt and the other containing noniodized salt—on different days. Visual analog scale pain scores were recorded while using each type of nasal wash. The SCT was assessed after each wash. Results Thirty-eight healthy candidates (18 men and 20 women) were enrolled in the study. All subjects were in their 30s. The mean baseline SCT was 10.92 minutes. The use of the noniodized salt solution led to a nonsignificant change ( P = .139) in mean SCT (9.68 min). In contrast, a significant change ( P = .035) was observed in mean SCT after the use of the iodized salt solution (9.06 min). However, the mean postirrigation SCT was not significantly different between solutions ( P = .31). No significant differences were observed in pain/discomfort experience between solutions. Conclusion MCC improved with both solutions. Interestingly, the improvement was significant, when the iodized salt nasal irrigation solution was used. This finding contradicts the conventional recommendation against the use of iodized salt in nasal rinse solution. Moreover, this solution was well tolerated. Further studies regarding the long-term safety are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Sumaily
- Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Alarifi
- Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raseel Alsuwaidan
- Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lojain Alsiwat
- Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Alsaleh
- Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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49
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Calmeiro J, Carrascal M, Gomes C, Falcão A, Cruz MT, Neves BM. Biomaterial-based platforms for in situ dendritic cell programming and their use in antitumor immunotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:238. [PMID: 31484548 PMCID: PMC6727507 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0716-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are central players in the immune system, with an exquisite capacity to initiate and modulate immune responses. These functional characteristics have led to intense research on the development of DC-based immunotherapies, particularly for oncologic diseases. During recent decades, DC-based vaccines have generated very promising results in animal studies, and more than 300 clinical assays have demonstrated the safety profile of this approach. However, clinical data are inconsistent, and clear evidence of meaningful efficacy is still lacking. One of the reasons for this lack of evidence is the limited functional abilities of the used ex vivo-differentiated DCs. Therefore, alternative approaches for targeting and modulating endogenous DC subpopulations have emerged as an attractive concept. Here, we sought to revise the evolution of several strategies for the in situ mobilization and modulation of DCs. The first approaches using chemokine-secreting irradiated tumor cells are addressed, and special attention is given to the cutting-edge injectable bioengineered platforms, programmed to release chemoattractants, tumor antigens and DC maturating agents. Finally, we discuss how our increasing knowledge of DC biology, the use of neoantigens and their combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors can leverage the refinement of these polymeric vaccines to boost their antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Calmeiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mylène Carrascal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- Tecnimede Group, Sintra, Portugal
| | - Célia Gomes
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Miguel Neves
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Agra do Crasto - Edifício 30, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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50
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Fritsch-Decker S, An Z, Yan J, Hansjosten I, Al-Rawi M, Peravali R, Diabaté S, Weiss C. Silica Nanoparticles Provoke Cell Death Independent of p53 and BAX in Human Colon Cancer Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 9:E1172. [PMID: 31426331 PMCID: PMC6724124 DOI: 10.3390/nano9081172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several in vitro studies have suggested that silica nanoparticles (NPs) might induce adverse effects in gut cells. Here, we used the human colon cancer epithelial cell line HCT116 to study the potential cytotoxic effects of ingested silica NPs in the presence or absence of serum. Furthermore, we evaluated different physico-chemical parameters important for the assessment of nanoparticle safety, including primary particle size (12, 70, 200, and 500 nm) and surface modification (-NH2 and -COOH). Silica NPs triggered cytotoxicity, as evidenced by reduced metabolism and enhanced membrane leakage. Automated microscopy revealed that the silica NPs promoted apoptosis and necrosis proportional to the administered specific surface area dose. Cytotoxicity of silica NPs was suppressed by increasing amount of serum and surface modification. Furthermore, inhibition of caspases partially prevented silica NP-induced cytotoxicity. In order to investigate the role of specific cell death pathways in more detail, we used isogenic derivatives of HCT116 cells which lack the pro-apoptotic proteins p53 or BAX. In contrast to the anticancer drug cisplatin, silica NPs induced cell death independent of the p53-BAX axis. In conclusion, silica NPs initiated cell death in colon cancer cells dependent on the specific surface area and presence of serum. Further studies in vivo are warranted to address potential cytotoxic actions in the gut epithelium. The unintended toxicity of silica NPs as observed here could also be beneficial. As loss of p53 in colon cancer cells contributes to resistance against anticancer drugs, and thus to reoccurrence of colon cancer, targeted delivery of silica NPs could be envisioned to also deplete p53 deficient tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Fritsch-Decker
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Zhen An
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jin Yan
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Iris Hansjosten
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Marco Al-Rawi
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Ravindra Peravali
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Silvia Diabaté
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Carsten Weiss
- Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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