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Yan Y, Yao C, Zhang B, Yang Z, Xie J, Tang M, Long Q, Tu E, Dong X. Olanzapine vs. magnesium valproate vs. lamotrigine in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor encephalitis: a retrospective study. BMC Neurol 2024; 24:331. [PMID: 39251922 PMCID: PMC11382376 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03811-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to compare the impact of olanzapine, magnesium valproate, and lamotrigine as adjunctive treatments for anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. And it is expected to add supporting points related to the rebalance of neurotransmitters in the brain through adjuvant therapy in the clinical management of anti-NMDAR encephalitis. METHODS This retrospective study included patients diagnosed with anti-NMDAR encephalitis who received standardized immunotherapy at Hunan Brain Hospital between January 2018 and December 2020. RESULTS Compared to the olanzapine group, both the magnesium valproate and lamotrigine groups showed lower scores on the positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS) total score after 3 weeks of treatment (all P < 0.05). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA) scores in the magnesium valproate and lamotrigine groups were significantly higher than in the olanzapine group after 3 weeks and 3 months of treatment (all P < 0.05). After 3 months of treatment, the proportions of patients with a modified Rankin scale score (mRS) of 0-1 in the magnesium valproate and lamotrigine groups were significantly higher than in the olanzapine group (all P < 0.05). The electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormality ranks at 3 months were significantly lower in the magnesium valproate and lamotrigine groups compared with the olanzapine group (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, the Glx/Cr ratio significantly decreased after 3 months of treatment (all P < 0.05) in the magnesium valproate and lamotrigine groups, while the Glx/Cr ratio in the olanzapine group showed no significant change (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Compared with olanzapine, the addition of magnesium valproate or lamotrigine to immunotherapy might be associated with a lower PANSS score, higher MoCA score, and lower mRS score. The improvement of neurological functions and cognitive function may be related to the decreased Glx/Cr ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhua Yan
- College of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
- Department of Neurology, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Chenxiao Yao
- The Hospital of Trade-Business of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
- Hunan society of traditional Chinese medicine and integrated traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Changsha, 410005, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
- Department of Neurology, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Jiahui Xie
- College of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
- Department of Neurology, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Miao Tang
- College of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
- Department of Neurology, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Qiong Long
- College of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
- Department of Neurology, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China
| | - Ewen Tu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China.
- Department of Neurology, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province (The Second Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China.
| | - Xuanqi Dong
- Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province(The Second Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha, 410007, Hunan, China.
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Sommerfeld-Klatta K, Jiers W, Rzepczyk S, Nowicki F, Łukasik-Głębocka M, Świderski P, Zielińska-Psuja B, Żaba Z, Żaba C. The Effect of Neuropsychiatric Drugs on the Oxidation-Reduction Balance in Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7304. [PMID: 39000411 PMCID: PMC11242277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of available neuropsychiatric drugs in the era of an increasing number of patients is not sufficient, and the complexity of neuropsychiatric disease entities that are difficult to diagnose and therapeutically is increasing. Also, discoveries about the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric diseases are promising, including those initiating a new round of innovations in the role of oxidative stress in the etiology of neuropsychiatric diseases. Oxidative stress is highly related to mental disorders, in the treatment of which the most frequently used are first- and second-generation antipsychotics, mood stabilizers, and antidepressants. Literature reports on the effect of neuropsychiatric drugs on oxidative stress are divergent. They are starting with those proving their protective effect and ending with those confirming disturbances in the oxidation-reduction balance. The presented publication reviews the state of knowledge on the role of oxidative stress in the most frequently used therapies for neuropsychiatric diseases using first- and second-generation antipsychotic drugs, i.e., haloperidol, clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, or aripiprazole, mood stabilizers: lithium, carbamazepine, valproic acid, oxcarbazepine, and antidepressants: citalopram, sertraline, and venlafaxine, along with a brief pharmacological characteristic, preclinical and clinical studies effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Sommerfeld-Klatta
- Department of Toxicology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Jiers
- Department of Toxicology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Szymon Rzepczyk
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 10 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Filip Nowicki
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 10 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Magdalena Łukasik-Głębocka
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 7 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Paweł Świderski
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 10 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Barbara Zielińska-Psuja
- Department of Toxicology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 3 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Żaba
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 7 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
| | - Czesław Żaba
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, 10 Rokietnicka Street, 60-806 Poznań, Poland
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3
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Park G, Jang WE, Kim S, Gonzales EL, Ji J, Choi S, Kim Y, Park JH, Mohammad HB, Bang G, Kang M, Kim S, Jeon SJ, Kim JY, Kim KP, Shin CY, An JY, Kim MS, Lee YS. Dysregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway via Rnf146 upregulation in a VPA-induced mouse model of autism spectrum disorder. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1783-1794. [PMID: 37524878 PMCID: PMC10474298 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with impaired social behavior and communication, repetitive behaviors, and restricted interests. In addition to genetic factors, environmental factors such as prenatal drug exposure contribute to the development of ASD. However, how those prenatal factors induce behavioral deficits in the adult stage is not clear. To elucidate ASD pathogenesis at the molecular level, we performed a high-resolution mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomic analysis on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of mice exposed to valproic acid (VPA) in utero, a widely used animal model of ASD. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in VPA-exposed mice showed significant overlap with ASD risk genes, including differentially expressed genes from the postmortem cortex of ASD patients. Functional annotations of the DEPs revealed significant enrichment in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which is dysregulated by the upregulation of Rnf146 in VPA-exposed mice. Consistently, overexpressing Rnf146 in the PFC impaired social behaviors and altered the Wnt signaling pathway in adult mice. Furthermore, Rnf146-overexpressing PFC neurons showed increased excitatory synaptic transmission, which may underlie impaired social behavior. These results demonstrate that Rnf146 is critical for social behavior and that dysregulation of Rnf146 underlies social deficits in VPA-exposed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaeun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoung Eric Jang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyeon Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- BK21FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Edson Luck Gonzales
- School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience Research, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungeun Ji
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- BK21FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Choi
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- BK21FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hwan Park
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Geul Bang
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Soobin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Jeon
- School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience Research, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, 28119, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Institute of Natural Science, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Kyung Hee Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Young Shin
- School of Medicine and Center for Neuroscience Research, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joon-Yong An
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- BK21FOUR R&E Center for Learning Health Systems, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Sik Kim
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
- New Biology Research Center, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Cell Fate Reprogramming and Control, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong-Seok Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, 25159, Republic of Korea.
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Chen W, Man X, Zhang Y, Yao G, Chen J. Medial prefrontal cortex oxytocin mitigates epilepsy and cognitive impairments induced by traumatic brain injury through reducing neuroinflammation in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5214. [PMID: 36997619 PMCID: PMC10063625 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32351-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major risk factor to develop epilepsy and cognitive impairments. Neuropeptide oxytocin has been previously evidenced to produce antiepileptic effects. However, the involvement of central oxytocin in TBI-induced epileptic status and cognitive dysfunctions is not fully elucidated. In this study, we aim to investigate the role of oxytocin on a TBI model followed by seizure induction to clarify whether the epilepsy and cognitive deficits could be mitigated by oxytocin. TBI was established by weight drop and epileptic behaviors were induced by pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) injection in mice. Moreover, oxytocin was microinjected into the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to observe the effects on the epilepsy and cognition. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) function and the neuroinflammation were measured by Evans Blue staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively. Mice exposed to TBI demonstrate increased vulnerability to PTZ-mediated seizures and cognitive disturbances with a decrease in peripheral and brain oxytocin levels. Additionally, TBI reduces oxytocin, disrupts the BBB permeability and triggers neuroinflammation in mPFC in PTZ-treated mice. Intra-mPFC oxytocin simultaneously mitigates epilepsy and cognitive impairments. Finally, oxytocin restores BBB integrity and reduces mPFC inflammation in PTZ-treated TBI mice. These findings showed that intra-mPFC oxytocin suppressed the seizure vulnerability and cognitive deficits in TBI mice. The normalization of BBB integrity and inhibition of neuroinflammation may be involved in the antiepileptic and cognition-improved effects of oxytocin, suggesting that targeting inflammatory procedure in mPFC may decrease the risk to develop epilepsy and cognitive impairments in individuals previously experienced TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 105 Jiefang Rd, Lixia District, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Man
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 105 Jiefang Rd, Lixia District, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 105 Jiefang Rd, Lixia District, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China
| | - Guangyan Yao
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 105 Jiefang Rd, Lixia District, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, 105 Jiefang Rd, Lixia District, Jinan, 250013, Shandong, China
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5
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Liu X, Hua F, Yang D, Lin Y, Zhang L, Ying J, Sheng H, Wang X. Roles of neuroligins in central nervous system development: focus on glial neuroligins and neuron neuroligins. Lab Invest 2022; 20:418. [PMID: 36088343 PMCID: PMC9463862 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Neuroligins are postsynaptic cell adhesion molecules that are relevant to many neurodevelopmental disorders. They are differentially enriched at the postsynapse and interact with their presynaptic ligands, neurexins, whose differential binding to neuroligins has been shown to regulate synaptogenesis, transmission, and other synaptic properties. The proper functioning of functional networks in the brain depends on the proper connection between neuronal synapses. Impaired synaptogenesis or synaptic transmission results in synaptic dysfunction, and these synaptic pathologies are the basis for many neurodevelopmental disorders. Deletions or mutations in the neuroligins genes have been found in patients with both autism and schizophrenia. It is because of the important role of neuroligins in synaptic connectivity and synaptic dysfunction that studies on neuroligins in the past have mainly focused on their expression in neurons. As studies on the expression of genes specific to various cells of the central nervous system deepened, neuroligins were found to be expressed in non-neuronal cells as well. In the central nervous system, glial cells are the most representative non-neuronal cells, which can also express neuroligins in large amounts, especially astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, and they are involved in the regulation of synaptic function, as are neuronal neuroligins. This review examines the mechanisms of neuron neuroligins and non-neuronal neuroligins in the central nervous system and also discusses the important role of neuroligins in the development of the central nervous system and neurodevelopmental disorders from the perspective of neuronal neuroligins and glial neuroligins.
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Takahashi M, Takasugi T, Kawakami A, Wei R, Ando K, Ohshima T, Hisanaga SI. Valproic Acid-Induced Anxiety and Depression Behaviors are Ameliorated in p39 Cdk5 Activator-Deficient Mice. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2773-2779. [PMID: 35674931 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) is a drug used for the treatment of epilepsy, seizures, migraines, and bipolar disorders. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a Ser/Thr kinase activated by p35 or p39 in neurons and plays a role in a variety of neuronal functions, including psychiatric behaviors. We previously reported that VPA suppressed Cdk5 activity by reducing the expression of p35 in cultured cortical neurons, leaving p39 unchanged. In this study, we asked for the role of Cdk5 in VPA-induced anxiety and depression behaviors. Wild-type (WT) mice displayed increased anxiety and depression after chronic administration of VPA for 14 days, when the expression of p35 was decreased. To clarify their relationship, we used p39 knockout (KO) mice, in which p35 is the only Cdk5 activator. When p39 KO mice were treated chronically with VPA, unexpectedly, they exhibited fewer anxiety and depression behaviors than WT mice. The effects were p39 cdk5r2 gene-dosage dependent. Together, these results indicate that Cdk5-p39 plays a specific role in VPA-induced anxiety and depression behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan. .,Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0056, Japan.
| | - Toshiyuki Takasugi
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.,Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medical/Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Asahimachi, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Arisa Kawakami
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Ran Wei
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.,Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0056, Japan
| | - Kanae Ando
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan
| | - Toshio Ohshima
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bio-Science, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-0056, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Hisanaga
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397, Japan.
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Jiang S, He M, Xiao L, Sun Y, Ding J, Li W, Guo B, Wang L, Wang Y, Gao C, Sun T, Wang F. Prenatal GABAB Receptor Agonist Administration Corrects the Inheritance of Autism-Like Core Behaviors in Offspring of Mice Prenatally Exposed to Valproic Acid. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:835993. [PMID: 35492716 PMCID: PMC9051083 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.835993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to evaluate the effects of prenatal baclofen (a GABAB receptor agonist) treatment on the inheritance of autism-like behaviors in valproic acid (VPA)-exposed mice. VPA model mice (first generation, F1) that were prenatally exposed to VPA exhibited robust core autism-like behaviors, and we found that oral administration of baclofen to F1 mice corrected their autism-like behavioral phenotypes at an early age. Based on a previous epigenetics study, we mated the F1 male offspring with litter females to produce the second generation (F2). The F2 male mice showed obvious inheritance of autism-like phenotypes from F1 mice, implying the heritability of autism symptoms in patients with prenatal VPA exposure. Furthermore, we found prenatal baclofen administration was associated with beneficial effects on the autism-like phenotype in F2 male mice. This may have involved corrections in the density of total/mature dendritic spines in the hippocampus (HC) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), normalizing synaptic plasticity. In this research, GABAB receptor agonist administration corrected the core autism-like behaviors of F1 mice and protected against the inheritance of neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring of F1 mice, suggesting the potential of early intervention with GABAB receptor agonists in the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shucai Jiang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Maotao He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Lifei Xiao
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiangwei Ding
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenchao Li
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Baorui Guo
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Caibin Gao
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory of Craniocerebral Disease, Incubation Base of National Key Laboratory, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Maternal Swimming Exercise During Pregnancy Improves Memory Through Enhancing Neurogenesis and Suppressing Apoptosis via Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Autistic Mice. Int Neurourol J 2021; 25:S63-71. [PMID: 34844388 PMCID: PMC8654312 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2142338.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Wnt pathway is closely related to neurodevelopmental process associated with cognitive function. After administration of valproic acid to the pregnant mice, the effect of swimming exercise of pregnant mice on the memory, neuronal production, and apoptosis of pups was studied in relation with Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Methods On day 12 of pregnancy, mice were injected subcutaneously with 400-mg/kg valproic acid. The pregnant mice in the control with swimming exercise group and in the valproic acid injection with swimming exercise group were allowed for swimming for 30 minutes one time per a day, repeated 5 days per a week, during 3 weeks. Step-through avoidance task and Morris water maze task for memory function, immunohistochemistry for 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells and western blot for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Wnt, β-catenin, Bcl-2 related X protein (Bax), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), cleaved caspase-3 were carried out. Results Maternal swimming exercise during pregnancy improved memory function, increased BDNF expression, and neuronal proliferation in the valproic acid injected pups. Maternal swimming exercise during pregnancy suppressed Wnt expression and phosphorylation of β-catenin in the valproic acid injected pups. Maternal swimming exercise inhibited Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression and increased Bcl-2 expression in the valproic acid injected pups. Conclusions Maternal swimming exercise during pregnancy improved memory function by increasing cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis through Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade activation in the valproic acid injected pups. Maternal swimming exercise during pregnancy may have a protective effect on factors that induce autism in the fetus.
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Rodríguez-Ramírez AM, Cedillo-Ríos V, Becerra-Palars C, Meza-Urzúa F, Jiménez-Pavón J, Morales-Cedillo P, López-Titla MM, Sánchez-Segura CL, Martínez-Gudiño MDL, Ortega-Ortiz H, Camarena-Medellin B. Prefrontal cortical thickness and clinical characteristics of long-term treatment response to valproate in bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 317:111382. [PMID: 34482053 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2021.111382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Valproate compositions are frequently used to treat bipolar disorder (BD); however, 87% of patients do not report full response in the long-term. There is scarce information about the clinical features and brain structural characteristics of long-term treatment response (LTTR) to this medication. In this study, we aim to evaluate the clinical characteristics and prefrontal cortical thickness (CT) of LTTR to valproate in BD. We evaluated 30 BD outpatients on valproate treatment, and 20 controls with a 3T T1-weighted 3D brain scan and Alda's scale for LTTR. An analysis of covariance was used to evaluate CT measures and a logistic regression was conducted to predict the full response (FR) using clinical features and CT measures. Patients with an insufficient response (IR) reported thinner right frontal eye fields, anterior and dorsolateral prefrontal cortexes compared with controls. FR patients presented thicker right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex than IR and no differences with controls. Patients with mixed features presented increased odds of achieving FR, while CT measures reported non-significant results. This is the first study to report mixed features as a clinical predictor of valproate LTTR. Our findings also suggest better preservation of the right prefrontal cortex of subjects with FR to valproate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudia Becerra-Palars
- Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fátima Meza-Urzúa
- Kinder und Jugend Psychiatrie, Klinikum Idar-Oberstein, Idar-Oberstein, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hiram Ortega-Ortiz
- Dirección de Servicios Clínicos, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, Mexico
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10
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Ahmed GK, Elbeh K, Elserogy Y, Mostafa S. Effect of long-term administration of clonazepam, carbamazepine, and valproate on cognitive, psychological, and personality changes in adult epilepsy: a case–control study. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43045-021-00161-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Epilepsy can be treated with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) which may have psychiatric and behavioral side effects. Additionally, the availability of new AEDs has increased, and our understanding of variability to combinations of several AEDs has evolved. Based on the treatment outcomes of carbamazepine, valproate, and clonazepam, this study aims to compare the cognitive function, personality, and psychological issues associated with these drugs and evaluate seizure-related factors related to them. Only 139 participants were included. Clonazepam was used as an add-on antiepileptic drug. Participants were categorized into five groups: group 1, carbamazepine; group 2, valproate; group 3, carbamazepine and clonazepam; group 4, valproate and clonazepam; and group 5, epileptic patients without AED. All participants were assessed using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Structured Interview for the Five-Factor Personality Model (SIFFM), Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Rating Scale, and Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2).
Results
In the WAIS, group 1 had the worst mean of verbal intelligence quotient (IQ). Moreover, group 3 was more vulnerable in symptomatic response in all subscales of MMPI-2 except the masculinity–femininity subscale and a high percentage in moderate severity of anxiety and depression in the Hamilton scales.
Conclusions
The use of clonazepam and carbamazepine might increase the incidence of behavioral problems especially increased severity of anxiety and depression and decreased performance IQ compared with either clonazepam or carbamazepine alone. Moreover, patients with carbamazepine treatment might have more personality changes and lowered verbal IQ than others.
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11
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Zhang H, Lu P, Tang HL, Yan HJ, Jiang W, Shi H, Chen SY, Gao MM, Zeng XD, Long YS. Valproate-Induced Epigenetic Upregulation of Hypothalamic Fto Expression Potentially Linked with Weight Gain. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2021; 41:1257-1269. [PMID: 32500354 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00895-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Valproate (VPA), a widely-used antiepileptic drug, is a selective inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) that play important roles in epigenetic regulation. The patient with different diseases receiving this drug tend to exhibit weight gain and abnormal metabolic phenotypes, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here we show that VPA increases the Fto mRNA and protein expression in mouse hypothalamic GT1-7 cells. Interestingly, VPA promotes histone H3/H4 acetylation and the FTO expression which could be reversed by C646, an inhibitor for histone acetyltransferase. Furthermore, VPA weakens the FTO's binding and enhances the binding of transcription factor TAF1 to the Fto promoter, and C646 leads to reverse effect of the VPA, suggesting an involvement of the dynamic of histone H3/H4 acetylation in the regulation of FTO expression. In addition, the mice exhibit an increase in the food intake and body weight at the beginning of 2-week treatment with VPA. Simultaneously, in the hypothalamus of the VPA-treated mice, the FTO expression is upregulated and the H3/H4 acetylation is increased; further the FTO's binding to the Fto promoter is decreased and the TAF1's binding to the promoter is enhanced, suggesting that VPA promotes the assembly of the basal transcriptional machinery of the Fto gene. Finally, the inhibitor C646 could restore the effects of VPA on FTO expression, H3/H4 acetylation, body weight, and food intake; and loss of FTO could reverse the VPA-induced increase of body weight and food intake. Taken together, this study suggests an involvement of VPA in the epigenetic upregulation of hypothalamic FTO expression that is potentially associated with the VPA-induced weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Hui-Ling Tang
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Hua-Juan Yan
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Hang Shi
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Si-Yu Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Mei-Mei Gao
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Xiang-Da Zeng
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Yue-Sheng Long
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, 510260, China.
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12
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Inserra A, De Gregorio D, Rezai T, Lopez-Canul MG, Comai S, Gobbi G. Lysergic acid diethylamide differentially modulates the reticular thalamus, mediodorsal thalamus, and infralimbic prefrontal cortex: An in vivo electrophysiology study in male mice. J Psychopharmacol 2021; 35:469-482. [PMID: 33645311 PMCID: PMC8058830 DOI: 10.1177/0269881121991569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The reticular thalamus gates thalamocortical information flow via finely tuned inhibition of thalamocortical cells in the mediodorsal thalamus. Brain imaging studies in humans show that the psychedelic lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) modulates activity and connectivity within the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit, altering consciousness. However, the electrophysiological effects of LSD on the neurons in these brain areas remain elusive. METHODS We employed in vivo extracellular single-unit recordings in anesthetized adult male mice to investigate the dose-response effects of cumulative LSD doses (5-160 µg/kg, intraperitoneal) upon reticular thalamus GABAergic neurons, thalamocortical relay neurons of the mediodorsal thalamus, and pyramidal neurons of the infralimbic prefrontal cortex. RESULTS LSD decreased spontaneous firing and burst-firing activity in 50% of the recorded reticular thalamus neurons in a dose-response fashion starting at 10 µg/kg. Another population of neurons (50%) increased firing and burst-firing activity starting at 40 µg/kg. This modulation was accompanied by an increase in firing and burst-firing activity of thalamocortical neurons in the mediodorsal thalamus. On the contrary, LSD excited infralimbic prefrontal cortex pyramidal neurons only at the highest dose tested (160 µg/kg). The dopamine D2 receptor (D2) antagonist haloperidol administered after LSD increased burst-firing activity in the reticular thalamus neurons inhibited by LSD, decreased firing and burst-firing activity in the mediodorsal thalamus, and showed a trend towards further increasing the firing activity of neurons of the infralimbic prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSION LSD modulates firing and burst-firing activity of reticular thalamus neurons and disinhibits mediodorsal thalamus relay neurons at least partially in a D2-mediated fashion. These effects of LSD on thalamocortical gating could explain its consciousness-altering effects in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Inserra
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Danilo De Gregorio
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tamim Rezai
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Stefano Comai
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriella Gobbi
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Qc, Canada
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13
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Valproic Acid-Induced Liver Injury: A Case-Control Study from a Prospective Pharmacovigilance Program in a Tertiary Hospital. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10061153. [PMID: 33801850 PMCID: PMC7999396 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10061153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Valproic acid (VPA) is an antiepileptic drug extensively used for treating partial and generalised seizures, acute mania and as prophylaxis for bipolar disorder. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) persists as a significant issue related to fatal outcomes by VPA. The aim of this study was to increase our knowledge about this condition and to better identify patients affected. Methods: We conducted an observational retrospective case-control study that identified cases of DILI by VPA from the Pharmacovigilance Programme from our Laboratory Signals at La Paz University Hospital from January 2007 to December 2019. From the Therapeutic VPA Monitoring program, two control groups were assigned, VPA-tolerant patients and the other with patients who developed mild VPA-related liver injury but who did not meet the DILI criteria, matched for date, age and sex. Results: A total of 60 patients were included in the study: 15 cases of DILI, 30 VPA-tolerant controls and 15 controls with mild liver injury. Mean age for the cases was 45.7 years, 4 (26.7%) were women and 5 (33.34%) were children under 18 years, of them 3 (20%) were fatal. Polytherapy with other antiepileptic drugs (p = 0.047) and alcohol consumption (p < 0.001) were associated with a greater risk of developing DILI by VPA. A diagnosis of epileptic seizure was more frequently related to DILI when compared with the VPA-tolerant controls (p < 0.001). The cases developed hepatocellular liver injury (p < 0.001), while the mild hepatic damage controls had a higher rate of cholestatic liver injury (p < 0.001). The laboratory lactate dehydrogenase values were statistically higher (even at baseline) in patients with DILI than in both control groups (p = 0.033 and p = 0.039). Conclusions: VPA hepatotoxicity remains a considerable problem. This study offers interesting findings for characterising VPA-induced liver injury and at-risk patients.
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14
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De Gregorio D, Popic J, Enns JP, Inserra A, Skalecka A, Markopoulos A, Posa L, Lopez-Canul M, Qianzi H, Lafferty CK, Britt JP, Comai S, Aguilar-Valles A, Sonenberg N, Gobbi G. Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) promotes social behavior through mTORC1 in the excitatory neurotransmission. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2020705118. [PMID: 33495318 PMCID: PMC7865169 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2020705118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have reported that the psychedelic lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) enhances empathy and social behavior (SB) in humans, but its mechanism of action remains elusive. Using a multidisciplinary approach including in vivo electrophysiology, optogenetics, behavioral paradigms, and molecular biology, the effects of LSD on SB and glutamatergic neurotransmission in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were studied in male mice. Acute LSD (30 μg/kg) injection failed to increase SB. However, repeated LSD (30 μg/kg, once a day, for 7 days) administration promotes SB, without eliciting antidepressant/anxiolytic-like effects. Optogenetic inhibition of mPFC excitatory neurons dramatically inhibits social interaction and nullifies the prosocial effect of LSD. LSD potentiates the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) and 5-HT2A, but not N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and 5-HT1A, synaptic responses in the mPFC and increases the phosphorylation of the serine-threonine protein kinases Akt and mTOR. In conditional knockout mice lacking Raptor (one of the structural components of the mTORC1 complex) in excitatory glutamatergic neurons (Raptorf/f:Camk2alpha-Cre), the prosocial effects of LSD and the potentiation of 5-HT2A/AMPA synaptic responses were nullified, demonstrating that LSD requires the integrity of mTORC1 in excitatory neurons to promote SB. Conversely, in knockout mice lacking Raptor in GABAergic neurons of the mPFC (Raptorf/f:Gad2-Cre), LSD promotes SB. These results indicate that LSD selectively enhances SB by potentiating mPFC excitatory transmission through 5-HT2A/AMPA receptors and mTOR signaling. The activation of 5-HT2A/AMPA/mTORC1 in the mPFC by psychedelic drugs should be explored for the treatment of mental diseases with SB impairments such as autism spectrum disorder and social anxiety disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo De Gregorio
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 1A1;
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 1A3
| | - Jelena Popic
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 1A3
| | - Justine P Enns
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 1A1
| | - Antonio Inserra
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 1A1
| | - Agnieszka Skalecka
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 1A3
| | - Athanasios Markopoulos
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 1A1
| | - Luca Posa
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 1A1
| | - Martha Lopez-Canul
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 1A1
| | - He Qianzi
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 1A1
| | | | - Jonathan P Britt
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 1B1
| | - Stefano Comai
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 1A1
- Division of Neuroscience, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Nahum Sonenberg
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 1A3;
| | - Gabriella Gobbi
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3A 1A1;
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1S 5B6
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15
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Lenart J, Augustyniak J, Lazarewicz JW, Zieminska E. Altered expression of glutamatergic and GABAergic genes in the valproic acid-induced rat model of autism: A screening test. Toxicology 2020; 440:152500. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Romoli M, Mazzocchetti P, D'Alonzo R, Siliquini S, Rinaldi VE, Verrotti A, Calabresi P, Costa C. Valproic Acid and Epilepsy: From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Evidences. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 17:926-946. [PMID: 30592252 PMCID: PMC7052829 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x17666181227165722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
After more than a century from its discovery, valproic acid (VPA) still represents one of the most efficient antiepi-leptic drugs (AEDs). Pre and post-synaptic effects of VPA depend on a very broad spectrum of actions, including the regu-lation of ionic currents and the facilitation of GABAergic over glutamatergic transmission. As a result, VPA indirectly mod-ulates neurotransmitter release and strengthens the threshold for seizure activity. However, even though participating to the anticonvulsant action, such mechanisms seem to have minor impact on epileptogenesis. Nonetheless, VPA has been reported to exert anti-epileptogenic effects. Epigenetic mechanisms, including histone deacetylases (HDACs), BDNF and GDNF modulation are pivotal to orientate neurons toward a neuroprotective status and promote dendritic spines organization. From such broad spectrum of actions comes constantly enlarging indications for VPA. It represents a drug of choice in child and adult with epilepsy, with either general or focal seizures, and is a consistent and safe IV option in generalized convulsive sta-tus epilepticus. Moreover, since VPA modulates DNA transcription through HDACs, recent evidences point to its use as an anti-nociceptive in migraine prophylaxis, and, even more interestingly, as a positive modulator of chemotherapy in cancer treatment. Furthermore, VPA-induced neuroprotection is under investigation for benefit in stroke and traumatic brain injury. Hence, VPA has still got its place in epilepsy, and yet deserves attention for its use far beyond neurological diseases. In this review, we aim to highlight, with a translational intent, the molecular basis and the clinical indications of VPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Romoli
- Neurology Clinic, University of Perugia - S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Petra Mazzocchetti
- Neurology Clinic, University of Perugia - S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Renato D'Alonzo
- Pediatric Clinic, University of Perugia - S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Victoria Elisa Rinaldi
- Pediatric Clinic, University of Perugia - S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberto Verrotti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of L'Aquila - San Salvatore Hospital, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabresi
- Neurology Clinic, University of Perugia - S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy.,IRCCS "Santa Lucia", Rome, Italy
| | - Cinzia Costa
- Neurology Clinic, University of Perugia - S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
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17
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Plasma spermine levels in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: A preliminary study. Schizophr Res 2020; 216:534-535. [PMID: 31806521 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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18
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Rajizadeh MA, Afarinesh MR, Zarif M, Mirasadi A, Esmaeilpour K. Does caffeine therapy improve cognitive impairments in valproic acid rat model of autism? TOXIN REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2019.1680563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Amin Rajizadeh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Afarinesh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Zarif
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Alaa Mirasadi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Esmaeilpour
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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19
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Ki S, Kwon SH, Eum J, Raslan AA, Kim KN, Hwang BJ, Kee Y. 3D light-sheet assay assessing novel valproate-associated cardiotoxicity and folic acid relief in zebrafish embryogenesis. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 227:551-560. [PMID: 31004822 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Precise in vivo toxicological assays to determine the cardiotoxicity of pharmaceuticals and their waste products are essential in order to evaluate their risks to humans and the environment following industrial release. In the present study, we aimed to develop the sensitive imaging-based cardiotoxicity assay and combined 3D light-sheet microscopy with a zebrafish model to identify hidden cardiovascular anomalies induced by valproic acid (VPA) exposure. The zebrafish model is advantageous for this assessment because its embryos remain transparent. The 3D spatial localization of fluorescence-labeled cardiac cells in and around the heart using light-sheet technology revealed dislocalization of the heart from the outflow tract in two-day-old zebrafish embryos treated with 50 μM and 100 μM VPA (P < 0.01) and those embryos exposed to 20 μM VPA presented hypoplastic distal ventricles (P < 0.01). These two observed phenotypes are second heart field-derived cardiac defects. Quantitative analysis of the light-sheet imaging demonstrated that folic acid (FA) supplementation significantly increased the numbers of endocardial and myocardial cells (P < 0.05) and the accretion of second heart field-derived cardiomyocytes to the arterial pole of the outflow tract. The heart rate increased in response to the cellular changes occurring in embryonic heart development (P < 0.05). The present study disclosed the cellular mechanism underlying the role of FA in spontaneous cellular changes in cardiogenesis and in VPA-associated cardiotoxicity. The 3D light-sheet assay may be the next-generation test to evaluate the risks of previously undetected pharmaceutical and environmental cardiotoxicities in both humans and animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyoung Ki
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hae Kwon
- Korea Basic Science Institute Chuncheon Center, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Juneyong Eum
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Ahmed A Raslan
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Kil-Nam Kim
- Korea Basic Science Institute Chuncheon Center, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Byung Joon Hwang
- Department of Molecular Bioscience, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
| | - Yun Kee
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea.
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20
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Sakers K, Eroglu C. Control of neural development and function by glial neuroligins. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2019; 57:163-170. [PMID: 30991196 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuroligins are a family of cell adhesion molecules, which are best known for their functions as postsynaptic components of the trans-synaptic neurexin-neuroligin complexes. Neuroligins are highly conserved across evolution with important roles in the formation, maturation and function of synaptic structures. Mutations in the genes that encode for neuroligins have been linked to a number of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and schizophrenia, which stem from synaptic pathologies. Owing to their essential functions in regulating synaptic connectivity and their link to synaptic dysfunction in disease, previous studies on neuroligins have focused on neurons. Yet a recent work reveals that neuroligins are also expressed in the central nervous system by glial cells, such as astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, and perform important roles in controlling synaptic connectivity in a non-cell autonomous manner. In this review, we will highlight these recent findings demonstrating the important roles of glial neuroligins in regulating the development and connectivity of healthy and diseased brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Sakers
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Cagla Eroglu
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States; Duke Institute for Brain Sciences (DIBS), Durham, NC 27710, United States; Regeneration Next Initiative, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, United States.
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21
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Bambico FR, Comai S, Diwan M, Hasan SN, Conway JD, Darvish-Ghane S, Hamani C, Gobbi G, Nobrega JN. High frequency stimulation of the anterior vermis modulates behavioural response to chronic stress: involvement of the prefrontal cortex and dorsal raphe? Neurobiol Dis 2018; 116:166-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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22
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Nicolini C, Fahnestock M. The valproic acid-induced rodent model of autism. Exp Neurol 2018; 299:217-227. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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23
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Davico C, Canavese C, Vittorini R, Gandione M, Vitiello B. Anticonvulsants for Psychiatric Disorders in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review of Their Efficacy. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:270. [PMID: 29988399 PMCID: PMC6024111 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Anticonvulsant medications are frequently used in clinical practice to treat psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents, but the evidence for their efficacy is uncertain. We conducted a systematic review of published randomized controlled trials (RCT) that assessed the psychiatric benefit of anticonvulsants in patients under 18 years of age. Method: The Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were systematically searched for peer-reviewed primary publications of RCTs with a minimum of 10 patients per treatment arm through December 2017. Results: Out of 355 identified non-duplicative publications, 24 met the inclusion criteria. Most RCTs were to treat bipolar disorder (n = 12) or manage recurrent aggression (n = 9). Few (n = 3) had both a multisite design and adequate statistical power. Valproate was the most frequently studied anticonvulsant (n = 15). Out of three placebo-controlled RCTs of valproate in bipolar disorder, none showed efficacy. In four RCTs, valproate was inferior to the antipsychotic risperidone. In several small, single-site RCTs, valproate and sulthiame were better than placebo for the management of recurrent aggression. Conclusions: Currently available RCTs do not support the efficacy of anticonvulsants as mood stabilizers in children. There is some preliminary evidence from small RCTs of the efficacy of some anticonvulsants in the control of aggression and behavioral dyscontrol in conduct disorder, autism, and intellectual disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Davico
- Division of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Carlotta Canavese
- Division of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Vittorini
- Division of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Marina Gandione
- Division of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Benedetto Vitiello
- Division of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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24
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Atkin T, Nuñez N, Gobbi G. Practitioner Review: The effects of atypical antipsychotics and mood stabilisers in the treatment of depressive symptoms in paediatric bipolar disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2017; 58:865-879. [PMID: 28474733 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of depressive and mixed symptoms in children and adolescents with bipolar disorder (BD) remains a matter of debate. The goal of this review is, thus, to systematically examine the impact of atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) and mood stabilisers in the treatment of bipolar depression and/or mixed states. METHODS A literature search was conducted for studies assessing the efficacy of pharmacological treatments for bipolar disorder type I, type II and not otherwise specified with a recent depressive, mixed or manic episode (with depressive symptoms) following DSM-IV criteria in children and adolescents as either acute or maintenance treatment. The databases searched were PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar and Tripdatabase, as well as ClinicalTrials.gov. The search was limited to clinical trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses and open-label trials published in the English language between the years 2000 and 2015. Sixty clinical studies were found assessing the efficacy of mood stabilisers and AAPs in paediatric BD. Fifteen studies were not included in the primary analysis because they did not assess depressive symptomology/include scores on rating scales of depressive symptoms (Online Supplementary Material). RESULTS There is sufficient evidence for a Grade A recommendation of the use of olanzapine plus fluoxetine at reducing depressive symptoms in bipolar depression and of quetiapine at high doses for depressive symptoms occurring during mixed episodes. Importantly, even though monotherapy with aripiprazole, risperidone, valproate and lithium was effective at controlling mania, these drugs were not effective at reducing depressive symptoms (level A evidence for nonrecommendation). CONCLUSIONS These results mostly overlap with the approved treatments for bipolar depression in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Atkin
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicolas Nuñez
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabriella Gobbi
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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25
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Abstract
Many psychopathological symptoms, including schizophrenia, can be associated with magnesium metabolism disturbances. In the literature, contradictory data exist regarding magnesium levels in patients with this disorder. However, this situation might be caused by determination of extracellular concentration of magnesium; although, this is mainly an intracellular ion. There are no data concerning determination of the ionized fraction of magnesium in patients with schizophrenia, while the ionized fraction represents 67% of the total pool of magnesium in healthy people. Also, the mechanism of magnesium action-the effect of magnesium ions on NMDA and GABA receptors-has not yet been fully investigated. There are preliminary studies aimed at increasing the effectiveness of schizophrenia pharmacotherapy via magnesium supplementation. Multidirectional activity of magnesium can significantly increase its therapeutic effect in psychiatry. This observation is confirmed by recent studies conducted by various research teams. However, further studies on the role of magnesium supplementation in patients with schizophrenia are needed.
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26
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Lima IVDA, Almeida-Santos AF, Ferreira-Vieira TH, Aguiar DC, Ribeiro FM, Campos AC, de Oliveira ACP. Antidepressant-like effect of valproic acid-Possible involvement of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Behav Brain Res 2017; 329:166-171. [PMID: 28408298 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Few studies suggest that antidepressants exert their effects by activating some signaling pathways, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). Moreover, valproic acid (VPA) activates the PI3K pathway. Thus, here we investigated the antidepressant-like effect of VPA and if its effect is related to PI3K/Akt/mTOR activation. METHODS C57Bl/6 (WT) and PI3Kγ-/- mice received VPA injections (30, 100 or 300mg/kg, i.p.) and 30min after they were submitted to the forced swimming (FS), tail suspension (TS) and open field (OF) tests. Another group was pretreated with rapamycin (5mg/kg, i.p.) 150min before VPA administration. Akt phosphorylation levels were measured by Western blotting. RESULTS In WT mice, VPA (30mg/kg) reduced the immobility time in both FS and TS tests. However, VPA (300mg/kg) increased the immobility time in FS test. All doses of VPA did not alter locomotor activity. In PI3Kγ-/- mice, none of the doses revealed antidepressant-like effect. However, in the OF test, the lower dose of VPA increased the travelled distance in comparison with vehicle group. An increase in Akt phosphorylation levels was observed in WT, but not in PI3Kγ-/- mice. Finally, the pretreatment of WT mice with rapamycin abolished the antidepressant-like effect of VPA (30mg/kg) in FS test. CONCLUSION These data suggest that the antidepressant-like effects of VPA might depend on PI3K and mTOR activation. Thus, more studies are necessary to investigate the mechanisms involved in the antidepressant-like effect induced by VPA in order to investigate novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Flávia Almeida-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Talita Hélen Ferreira-Vieira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Daniele Cristina Aguiar
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Fabíola Mara Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Alline Cristina Campos
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 14049-900, Brazil.
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27
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Leu SJ, Yang YY, Liu HC, Cheng CY, Wu YC, Huang MC, Lee YL, Chen CC, Shen WW, Liu KJ. Valproic Acid and Lithium Meditate Anti-Inflammatory Effects by Differentially Modulating Dendritic Cell Differentiation and Function. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:1176-1186. [PMID: 27639185 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA), with inhibition activity mainly toward histone deacetylase (HDAC) and Glycogen Synthase Kinase (GSK)-3, and lithium, with inhibition activity mainly toward GSK-3, are both prescribed in clinical as mood-stabilizers and anticonvulsants for the control of bipolar disorder. This study aims to compare the immuno-modulation activities of VPA and lithium, especially on the differentiation and functions of dendritic cells (DC). Our data show that treatment with VPA or lithium effectively alleviated the severity of collagen-induced arthritis triggered by LPS in mice. Both agents reduced the serum level of IL-6 and IL-10 after LPS challenge in mice. VPA and lithium both induce significant down-regulation of group I CD1 expression and secretion of IL-6 during differentiation of human monocyte-derived immature DC, while they differ in the induction of CD83 and CD86 expression, secretion of IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α. Upon stimulation of immature DC with LPS, VPA, and lithium both reduced the secretion of IL-6 and TNF-α. However, only lithium significantly increased the production of IL-10, while VPA increased the production of IL-8 but substantially reduce the secretion of IL-10 and IL-23. Treatment with VPA resulted in a reduced capacity of LPS-stimulated DC to promote the differentiation of T helper 17 cells that are critical in the promotion of inflammatory responses. Taken together, our results suggest that VPA and lithium may differentially modulate inflammation through regulating the capacity of DC to mediate distinct T cell responses, and they may provide a complementary immunomodulatory effects for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1176-1186, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sy-Jye Leu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Reproductive Medicine and Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yuan Yang
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taipei Municipal Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Cheng Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Yu Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Wu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chyi Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuen-Lun Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ching Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Landseed Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Winston W Shen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Jiunn Liu
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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28
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Ghabrash MF, Comai S, Tabaka J, Saint-Laurent M, Booij L, Gobbi G. Valproate augmentation in a subgroup of patients with treatment-resistant unipolar depression. World J Biol Psychiatry 2016; 17:165-70. [PMID: 26444701 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2015.1073856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES About 50% of patients with unipolar depression suffer from treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Animal studies have suggested potential antidepressant properties of valproate (VPA) possibly due to its implication in epigenetic programming. METHODS Fourteen TRD patients (seven males and seven females; age 19-59) received VPA (375-1000 mg/day) in addition to their treatment regimen after previously failing to respond to two or more antidepressant trials and/or different combinations. Clinical response to VPA was investigated prior the treatment (T-0) and after 1 (T-1), 4 (T-4) and 7 (T-7) months of therapy using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI). RESULTS Compared to T-0, VPA significantly decreased MADRS score at T-1 (P < 0.001), T-4 (P < 0.001) and T-7 (P < 0.001) (partial η(2)=0.86). Importantly, MADRS score at T-7 (13.6 ± 1.6, mean ± SEM) was closer to the reported value of remission (MADRS <10), and none of the patients relapsed during the observational period. Compared to T-0, VPA also decreased CGI-Severity of illness score at T-1 (p = 0.03), T-4 (p < 0.001) and T-7 (p < 0.001) (partial η(2) = 0.74). CONCLUSIONS Antidepressant augmentation with VPA provided substantial clinical improvement and maintenance over a relatively long-term period in a subgroup of patients with severe TRD. VPA thus deserves further exploration in large double-blind clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maykel F Ghabrash
- a Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry , McGill University Health Center, McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada.,b Mood Disorder Clinic, Department of Psychiatry , McGill University Health Center, McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada
| | - Stefano Comai
- a Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry , McGill University Health Center, McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada
| | - John Tabaka
- a Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry , McGill University Health Center, McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada.,b Mood Disorder Clinic, Department of Psychiatry , McGill University Health Center, McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada
| | - Marie Saint-Laurent
- b Mood Disorder Clinic, Department of Psychiatry , McGill University Health Center, McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada
| | - Linda Booij
- c Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center & University of Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC., Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Montréal, and Department of Psychiatry, McGill University , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Gabriella Gobbi
- a Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry , McGill University Health Center, McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada.,b Mood Disorder Clinic, Department of Psychiatry , McGill University Health Center, McGill University , Montreal , QC , Canada
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29
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Karsli-Ceppioglu S. Epigenetic Mechanisms in Psychiatric Diseases and Epigenetic Therapy. Drug Dev Res 2016; 77:407-413. [PMID: 27594444 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research Epigenetic mechanisms refer covalent modification of DNA and histone proteins that control transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Epigenetic regulation is involved in the development of the nervous system and plays an important role in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, including depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Epigenetic drugs, including histone deacetylation and DNA methylation inhibitors have received increased attention for the management of psychiatric diseases. The purpose of this review is to discuss the potential of epigenetic drugs to treat these disorders and to clarify the mechanisms by which they regulate the dysfunctional genes in the brain. Drug Dev Res 77 : 407-413, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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30
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Tan NN, Tang HL, Lin GW, Chen YH, Lu P, Li HJ, Gao MM, Zhao QH, Yi YH, Liao WP, Long YS. Epigenetic Downregulation of Scn3a Expression by Valproate: a Possible Role in Its Anticonvulsant Activity. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2831-2842. [PMID: 27013471 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9871-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Upregulation of sodium channel SCN3A expression in epileptic tissues is known to contribute to enhancing neuronal excitability and the development of epilepsy. Therefore, certain strategies to reduce SCN3A expression may be helpful for seizure control. Here, we reveal a novel role of valproate (VPA) in the epigenetic downregulation of Scn3a expression. We found that VPA, instead of carbamazepine (CBZ) and lamotrigine (LTG), could significantly downregulate Scn3a expression in mouse Neuro-2a cells. Luciferase assays and CpG methylation analyses showed that VPA induced the methylation at the -39C site in Scn3a promoter which decreased the promoter activity. We further showed that VPA downregulated the expression of methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 (MBD2) at the posttranscriptional level and knockdown of MBD2 increased Scn3a expression. In addition, we found that VPA induced the expression of fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) protein and FTO knockdown abolished the repressive effects of VPA on MBD2 and Nav1.3 expressions. Furthermore, VPA, instead of other two anticonvulsant drugs, induced the expressions of Scn3a and Mbd2 and reduced Fto expression in the hippocampus of VPA-treated seizure mice. Taken together, this study suggests an epigenetic pathway for the VPA-induced downregulation of Scn3a expression, which provides a possible role of this pathway in the anticonvulsant action of VPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Na Tan
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Ling Tang
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guo-Wang Lin
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Hong Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hai-Jun Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei-Mei Gao
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Hua Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong-Hong Yi
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Ping Liao
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China.,Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Sheng Long
- Institute of Neuroscience and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 250 Changang East Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China. .,Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.
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31
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Sher Y, Miller Cramer AC, Ament A, Lolak S, Maldonado JR. Valproic Acid for Treatment of Hyperactive or Mixed Delirium: Rationale and Literature Review. PSYCHOSOMATICS 2015; 56:615-25. [PMID: 26674479 DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delirium is the most often encountered psychiatric diagnosis in the general hospital, with an incidence of up to 82% in the intensive care unit setting and with significant detrimental effects on patients' morbidity and mortality. Antipsychotics are often considered the first-line pharmacological treatment of delirium, but their use may be limited by lack of efficacy, existing contraindications (e.g., prolonged QTc intervals), or resulting side effects (e.g., akathisia). Valproic acid (VPA) is a potential alternative or adjunct treatment. It has multiple mechanisms of action, including effects on neurotransmitter modulation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and transcription, all of which are implicated in the pathophysiology of delirium. Yet, data on the use of this agent in delirium are limited. OBJECTIVE/METHODS In this article, we discuss postulated mechanisms of VPA action that provide a theoretical basis for its use in the treatment of hyperactive and mixed type delirium, based on the known and theorized pathophysiology of delirium. We also discuss potential side effects and considerations with use of VPA. CONCLUSIONS VPA has multiple modulatory effects on neurotransmitter systems, inflammation, oxidative stress, and transcriptional changes implicated in pathophysiology of delirium. When carefully chosen, VPA can be an effective and well-tolerated treatment option for the management of hyperactive and mixed type delirium. Randomized controlled trials are needed to establish tolerability and efficacy of VPA for treatment of delirium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelizaveta Sher
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
| | | | - Andrea Ament
- Medicine and Surgery, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Sermsak Lolak
- Department of Internal Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - José R Maldonado
- Medicine and Surgery, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
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32
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Di Miceli M, Gronier B. Psychostimulants and atomoxetine alter the electrophysiological activity of prefrontal cortex neurons, interaction with catecholamine and glutamate NMDA receptors. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:2191-205. [PMID: 25572531 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3849-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most frequently diagnosed neuropsychiatric disorder in childhood. Currently available ADHD drugs include the psychostimulants methylphenidate (MPH) and D-amphetamine (D-AMP), acting on norepinephrine and dopamine transporters/release, and atomoxetine (ATX), a selective norepinephrine uptake inhibitor. Recent evidence suggests an involvement of glutamate neurotransmission in the pathology and treatment of ADHD, via mechanisms to be clarified. OBJECTIVE We have investigated how ADHD drugs could modulate, through interaction with catecholamine receptors, basal and glutamate-induced excitability of pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a region which plays a major role in control of attention and impulsivity. METHODS We have used the technique of extracellular single-unit recording in anaesthetised rats coupled with microiontophoresis. RESULTS Both MPH (1-3 mg/kg) and D-AMP (1-9 mg/kg) increased the firing activity of PFC neurons in a dopamine D1 receptor-dependent manner. ATX administration (1-6 mg/kg) also increased the firing of neurons, but this effect is not significantly reversed by D1 (SCH 23390) or alpha1 (prazosin) receptor antagonists but potentiated by alpha2 antagonist (yohimbine). All drugs induced a clear potentiation of the excitatory response of PFC neurons to the microiontophoretic application of the glutamate agonist N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), but not to the glutamate agonist α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA). The potentiating effect of D-AMP on NMDA-induced activation of PFC neurons was partially reversed or prevented by dopamine D1 receptor blockade. CONCLUSION Our data shows that increase in excitability of PFC neurons in basal conditions and via NMDA receptor activation may be involved in the therapeutic response to ADHD drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Di Miceli
- Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
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33
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Determination of Magnesium Valproate and Its Process Related Impurities by Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography. INTERNATIONAL SCHOLARLY RESEARCH NOTICES 2014; 2014:412704. [PMID: 27355082 PMCID: PMC4897345 DOI: 10.1155/2014/412704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Revised: 04/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A selective ultraperformance liquid chromatographic (UPLC) method for the determination of magnesium valproate and its process related impurities has been developed. The method includes reversed-phase Acquity BEH C18 column with 100 mm × 2.1 mm i.d. and 1.7 µ particle size. The mobile phase consists of acetonitrile and 5 mM ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate with pH = 3.0 at 45 : 55 isocratic elution. The flow rate was set at 0.3 mL/min and UV detection was performed at 215 nm. A system suitability test (SST) was developed to govern the quality of the separation. The developed method has been validated further with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, selectivity, LOD, LOQ, and robustness. Different batches of samples were examined using this method; the method proved to be successful when applied to analyze a marketed magnesium valproate formulation.
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Lee Y, Lee B, Lee CJ. Valproic acid decreases cell proliferation and migration in the cerebellum of zebrafish larvae. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2014.905491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
Valproate is principally effective in manic aspects of bipolar disorder. Tolerability has been somewhat more favorable for valproate than comparators, with the frequent adverse effects being gastrointestinal disturbances and weight gain. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoproteins are reduced by valproate. Valproate is effective and well tolerated when combined with lithium or antipsychotic drugs. Valproate is efficacious in mixed and euphoric mania. In studies of maintenance versus placebo and active comparators, patients initially treated with divalproex for mania had more robust long-term benefits than in the full sample analyses. In maintenance treatment, patients whose valproate serum levels were between 75 and 99 microg/ml had longer time to discontinuation for any reason or a new mood episode than did patients receiving placebo. The profile of utility in bipolar disorders is principally for core features of manic symptomatology (e.g., impulsivity, hyperactivity and irritability), with little evidence of benefit for anxiety or psychosis. Valproate appears useful in other disorders that have behavioral dimensions inclusive of the domains that valproate benefits in bipolar disorders, such as schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L Bowden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
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Bambico FR, Lacoste B, Hattan PR, Gobbi G. Father absence in the monogamous california mouse impairs social behavior and modifies dopamine and glutamate synapses in the medial prefrontal cortex. Cereb Cortex 2013; 25:1163-75. [PMID: 24304503 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the father in psycho-affective development is indispensable. Yet, the neurobehavioral effects of paternal deprivation (PD) are poorly understood. Here, we examined the behavioral consequences of PD in the California mouse, a species displaying monogamous bonding and biparental care, and assessed its impact on dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT), and glutamate (GLU) transmission in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). In adult males, deficits in social interaction were observed, when a father-deprived (PD) mouse was matched with a PD partner. In adult females, deficits were observed when matching a PD animal with a non-PD control, and when matching 2 PD animals. PD also increased aggression in females. Behavioral abnormalities in PD females were associated with a sensitized response to the locomotor-activating effect of amphetamine. Following immunocytochemical demonstration of DA, 5-HT, and GLU innervations in the mPFC, we employed in vivo electrophysiology and microiontophoresis, and found that PD attenuated the basal activity of low-spiking pyramidal neurons in females. PD decreased pyramidal responses to DA in females, while enhancing responses to NMDA in both sexes. We thus demonstrate that, during critical neurodevelopmental periods, PD leads to sex-dependent abnormalities in social and reward-related behaviors that are associated with disturbances in cortical DA and GLU neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis R Bambico
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada and Behavioral Neurobiology Laboratory, Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Baptiste Lacoste
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada and
| | - Patrick R Hattan
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada and
| | - Gabriella Gobbi
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Center, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada and
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Lee Y, Kim YH, Yun JS, Lee CJ. Valproic acid decreases the proliferation of telencephalic cells in zebrafish larvae. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2013; 39:91-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2013.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Hasan MR, Kim JH, Kim YJ, Kwon KJ, Shin CY, Kim HY, Han SH, Choi DH, Lee J. Effect of HDAC inhibitors on neuroprotection and neurite outgrowth in primary rat cortical neurons following ischemic insult. Neurochem Res 2013; 38:1921-34. [PMID: 23793904 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-013-1098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi)-valproic acid (VPA) and trichostatin A (TSA) promote neurogenesis, neurite outgrowth, synaptic plasticity and neuroprotection. In this study, we investigated whether VPA and TSA promote post-ischemic neuroprotection and neuronal restoration in rat primary cortical neurons. On 6 days in vitro (DIV), cortical neurons were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation for 90 min. Cells were returned to normoxic conditions and cultured for 1, 3, or 7 days with or without VPA and TSA. Control cells were cultured in normoxic conditions only. On 7, 9, and 13 DIV, cells were measured neurite outgrowth using the Axiovision program and stained with Tunel staining kit. Microtubule associated protein-2 immunostaining and tunel staining showed significant recovery of neurite outgrowth and post-ischemic neuronal death by VPA or TSA treatment. We also determined levels of acetylated histone H3, PSD95, GAP 43 and synaptophysin. Significant increases in all three synaptic markers and acetylated histone H3 were observed relative to non-treated cells. Post-ischemic HDACi treatment also significantly raised levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and secreted BDNF. Enhanced BDNF expression by HDACi treatment might have been involved in the post-ischemic neuroprotection and neuronal restorative effects. Our findings suggest that both VPA and TSA treatment during reoxygenation after ischemia may help post-ischemic neuroprotection and neuronal regeneration via increased BDNF expression and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rakibul Hasan
- Center for Neuroscience Research, SMART Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Korea
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Morland C, Nordengen K, Gundersen V. Valproate causes reduction of the excitatory amino acid aspartate in nerve terminals. Neurosci Lett 2012; 527:100-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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de Laat SAA, Hillegers MHJ, Jansen FE, Braun KP, de Graeff-Meeder ER. Hallucinations after withdrawal of valproic acid. Pediatrics 2012; 130:e236-8. [PMID: 22689876 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2011-2608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We report 2 children with a history of epilepsy in whom valproic acid (VPA) withdrawal was identified as a potential cause of hallucinations. After a restart of VPA, the hallucinations disappeared. We suggest mechanisms for the occurrence of the hallucinations and a possible control of a predisposition to hallucinations by VPA.
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Noor NA, Aboul Ezz HS, Faraag AR, Khadrawy YA. Evaluation of the antiepileptic effect of curcumin and Nigella sativa oil in the pilocarpine model of epilepsy in comparison with valproate. Epilepsy Behav 2012; 24:199-206. [PMID: 22575751 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of curcumin and Nigella sativa oil (NSO) on amino acid neurotransmitter alterations and the histological changes induced by pilocarpine in the hippocampus and cortex of rats. Epilepsy was induced by i.p. injection of pilocarpine, and the animals were left for 22 days to establish spontaneous recurrent seizures. They were then treated with curcumin, NSO or valproate for 21 days. Pilocarpine induced a significant increase in hippocampal aspartate and a significant decrease in glycine and taurine levels. In the cortex, a significant increase in aspartate, glutamate, GABA, glycine, and taurine levels was obtained after pilocarpine injection. Treatment of pilocarpinized rats with curcumin and valproate ameliorated most of the changes in amino acid concentrations and reduced the histopathological abnormalities induced by pilocarpine. N. sativa oil failed to improve the pilocarpine-induced abnormalities. This may explain the antiepileptic effect of curcumin and suggest its use as an anticonvulsant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neveen A Noor
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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Reynolds S, Millette A, Devine DP. Sensory and motor characterization in the postnatal valproate rat model of autism. Dev Neurosci 2012; 34:258-67. [PMID: 22627078 DOI: 10.1159/000336646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although autism is diagnosed according to three core features of social deficits, communication impairments, and repetitive or stereotyped behaviors, other behavioral features such as sensory and motor impairments are present in more than 70% of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Exposure of rat pups to the teratogen valproate during sensitive periods of brain development has been shown to elicit behavioral features associated with autism diagnosis and has been proposed as a valid animal model of the disorder. The purpose of this study was to characterize sensory and motor performance in rats postnatally treated with valproate. Thirty-four rat pups were injected with either valproate (150 mg/kg) or saline on postnatal days 6-12. Auditory and tactile startle as well as auditory sensory gating was assessed during both the juvenile and adolescent stages of development; motor testing was conducted during late adolescence and included a sunflower seed eating task and a vermicelli handling task. Valproate-treated rats were underresponsive to auditory stimuli, showed deficits in auditory sensory gating, and demonstrated impairments in motor speed and performance. These findings suggest that postnatal valproate treatment elicits sensory and motor features often seen in individuals with ASD. Further, the hyposensitivity seen in postnatally valproate-treated rats contrasted with hypersensitivity previously reported in prenatally valproate-exposed rats. This suggests that timing of teratogenic exposure during early brain development may be important to consider when investigating the neurobiological basis of sensorimotor impairments in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Reynolds
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
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Wang CC, Chen PS, Hsu CW, Wu SJ, Lin CT, Gean PW. Valproic acid mediates the synaptic excitatory/inhibitory balance through astrocytes--a preliminary study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2012; 37:111-20. [PMID: 22343008 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) is one of the most widely used anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing agents for the treatment of epilepsy and bipolar disorder. However, the underlying therapeutic mechanisms of the treatment of each disease remain unclear. Recently, the anti-epileptic effect of VPA has been found to lead to modulation of the synaptic excitatory/inhibitory balance. In addition, the therapeutic action of VPA has been linked to its effect on astrocytes by regulating gene expression at the molecular level, perhaps through an epigenetic mechanism as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. To provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the actions of VPA, this study investigated whether the synaptic excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) balance could be mediated by VPA through astrocytes. First, using the primary rat neuronal, astroglial, and neuro-glial mixed culture systems, we demonstrated that VPA treatment could regulate the mRNA levels of two post-synaptic cell adhesion molecules(neuroligin-1 and neuregulin-1) and two extracellular matrices (neuronal pentraxin-1and thrombospondin-3) in primary rat astrocyte cultures in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the up-regulation effect of VPA was noted in astrocytes, but not in neurons. In addition, these regulatory effects could be mimicked by sodium butyrate, a HDAC inhibitor, but not by lithium or two other glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta inhibitors. With the known role of these four proteins in regulating the synaptic E/I balance, we further demonstrated that VPA increased excitatory post-synaptic protein (postsynaptic density 95) and inhibitory post-synaptic protein (Gephyrin) in cortical neuro-glial mixed cultures. Our results suggested that VPA might affect the synaptic excitatory/inhibitory balance through its effect on astrocytes. This work provides the basis for future evaluation of the role of astroglial cell adhesion molecules and the extracellular matrix on the control of excitatory and inhibitory synapse formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Chuan Wang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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The psychopharmacology of aggressive behavior: a translational approach: part 2: clinical studies using atypical antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, and lithium. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2012; 32:237-60. [PMID: 22367663 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0b013e31824929d6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients experiencing mental disorders are at an elevated risk for developing aggressive behavior. In the past 10 years, the psychopharmacological treatment of aggression has changed dramatically owing to the introduction of atypical antipsychotics on the market and the increased use of anticonvulsants and lithium in the treatment of aggressive patients.This review (second of 2 parts) uses a translational medicine approach to examine the neurobiology of aggression, discussing the major neurotransmitter systems implicated in its pathogenesis (serotonin, glutamate, norepinephrine, dopamine, and γ-aminobutyric acid) and the neuropharmacological rationale for using atypical antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, and lithium in the therapeutics of aggressive behavior. A critical review of all clinical trials using atypical antipsychotics (aripiprazole, clozapine, loxapine, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, ziprasidone, and amisulpride), anticonvulsants (topiramate, valproate, lamotrigine, and gabapentin), and lithium are presented. Given the complex, multifaceted nature of aggression, a multifunctional combined therapy, targeting different receptors, seems to be the best strategy for treating aggressive behavior. This therapeutic strategy is supported by translational studies and a few human studies, even if additional randomized, double-blind, clinical trials are needed to confirm the clinical efficacy of this framework.
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Abstract
Patients with mental disorders are at an elevated risk for developing aggressive behavior. In the last 19 years, the psychopharmacological treatment of aggression has changed dramatically because of the introduction of atypical antipsychotics into the market and the increased use of anticonvulsants and lithium in the treatment of aggressive patients.Using a translational medicine approach, this review (part 1 of 2) examines the neurobiology of aggression, discussing the major neurotransmitter systems implicated in its pathogenesis, namely, serotonin, glutamate, norepinephrine, dopamine, and γ-aminobutyric acid, and also their respective receptors. The preclinical and clinical pharmacological studies concerning the role of these neurotransmitters have been reviewed, as well as research using transgenic animal models. The complex interaction among these neurotransmitters occurs at the level of brain areas and neural circuits such as the orbitoprefrontal cortex, anterior cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, periaqueductal gray, and septal nuclei, where the receptors of these neurotransmitters are expressed. The neurobiological mechanism of aggression is important to understand the rationale for using atypical antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, and lithium in treating aggressive behavior. Further research is necessary to establish how these neurotransmitter systems interact with brain circuits to control aggressive behavior at the intracellular level.
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The acute and chronic effects of combined antipsychotic-mood stabilizing treatment on the expression of cortical and striatal postsynaptic density genes. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011; 35:184-97. [PMID: 21055435 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2010] [Revised: 10/10/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The detection of changes in postsynaptic gene expression after the administration of mood stabilizers, alone or in combination with antipsychotics, and antidepressants in animal models of drug treatment, may represent a valuable strategy to explore the molecular targets of the mainstay treatments for bipolar disorder. In this study we investigated, in both acute and chronic paradigms, the expression of specific postsynaptic density genes (Homer1a, Homer1b/c, and PSD95) and genes putatively implicated in mood stabilizers mechanism of action (GSK3b, ERK) after administration of first (haloperidol) or second generation antipsychotics (quetiapine 30 mg/kg), alone or in combination with valproate. Moreover, we compared the effects of an antidepressant agent widely used in bipolar depression (citalopram) with a low dose of quetiapine (15 mg/kg), which has been demonstrated to display antidepressant action in bipolar depression. In striatal regions, Homer1a expression was strongly induced by haloperidol compared to all the other treatments. Haloperidol plus valproate also markedly induced Homer1a, but to a significant lesser extent than haloperidol alone. Also in the chronic paradigm haloperidol, but not haloperidol plus valproate, induced Homer1a expression in all the subregions of the caudate-putamen and in the nucleus accumbens core. The high dose of quetiapine significantly induced Homer1a in anterior cingulated, premotor and motor subregions of the cortex, and the extent of induction was significantly higher as compared to the lower dose. Oppositely, Homer1a expression was decreased in the cortex by citalopram acute administration. ERK gene was upregulated in cortex and striatum by the acute treatment with valproate and with the combination of haloperidol or quetiapine plus valproate, whereas no significant differences were noticed in GSK3b expression among treatments. PSD95 showed a significant upregulation by acute citalopram and by haloperidol plus valproate in both cortical and subcortical regions. Haloperidol and quetiapine 30 mg/kg, oppositely, significantly reduced the expression of the gene in the cortex. In conclusion, these results suggest that the combined treatment with a typical or an atypical antipsychotic plus valproate may induce differential modulation of postsynaptic genes expression when compared to the effects of these drugs individually administered.
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Pohl-Guimaraes F, Krahe TE, Medina AE. Early valproic acid exposure alters functional organization in the primary visual cortex. Exp Neurol 2011; 228:138-48. [PMID: 21215743 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is one of the most common neurologic disorders and affects 0.5 to 1% of pregnant women. The use of antiepileptic drugs, which is usually continued throughout pregnancy, can cause in offspring mild to severe sensory deficits. Neuronal selectivity to stimulus orientation is a basic functional property of the visual cortex that is crucial for perception of shapes and borders. Here we investigate the effects of early exposure to valproic acid (Val) and levetiracetam (Lev), commonly used antiepileptic drugs, on the development of cortical neuron orientation selectivity and organization of cortical orientation columns. Ferrets pups were exposed to Val (200mg/kg), Lev (100mg/kg) or saline every other day between postnatal day (P) 10 and P30, a period roughly equivalent to the third trimester of human gestation. Optical imaging of intrinsic signals or single-unit recordings were examined at P42-P84, when orientation selectivity in the ferret cortex has reached a mature state. Optical imaging of intrinsic signals revealed decreased contrast of orientation maps in Val- but not Lev- or saline-treated animals. Moreover, single-unit recordings revealed that early Val treatment also reduced orientation selectivity at the cellular level. These findings indicate that Val exposure during a brief period of development disrupts cortical processing of sensory information at a later age and suggest a neurobiological substrate for some types of sensory deficits in fetal anticonvulsant syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Pohl-Guimaraes
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23298-0709, USA
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Abstract
Myoclonus can be classified as physiologic, essential, epileptic, and symptomatic. Animal models of myoclonus include DDT and posthypoxic myoclonus in the rat. 5-Hydrotryptophan, clonazepam, and valproic acid suppress myoclonus induced by posthypoxia. The diagnostic evaluation of myoclonus is complex and involves an extensive work-up including basic electrolytes, glucose, renal and hepatic function tests, paraneoplastic antibodies, drug and toxicology screens, thyroid antibody and function studies, neurophysiology testing, imaging, and tests for malabsorption disorders, assays for enzyme deficiencies, tissue biopsy, copper studies, alpha-fetoprotein, cytogenetic analysis, radiosensitivity DNA synthesis, genetic testing for inherited disorders, and mitochondrial function studies. Treatment of myoclonus is targeted to the underlying disorder. If myoclonus physiology cannot be demonstrated, treatment should be aimed at the common pattern of symptoms. If the diagnosis is not known, treatment could be directed empirically at cortical myoclonus as the most common physiology. In cortical myoclonus, the most effective drugs are sodium valproic acid, clonazepam, levetiracetam, and piracetam. For cortical-subcortical myoclonus, valproic acid is the drug of choice. Here, lamotrigine can be used either alone or in combination with valproic acid. Ethosuximide, levetiracetam, or zonisamide can also be used as adjunct therapy with valproic acid. A ketogenic diet can be considered if everything else fails. Subcortical-nonsegmental myoclonus may respond to clonazepam and deep-brain stimulation. Rituximab, adrenocorticotropic hormone, high-dose dexamethasone pulse, or plasmapheresis have been reported to improve opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome. Reticular reflex myoclonus can be treated with clonazepam, diazepam and 5-hydrotryptophan. For palatal myoclonus, a variety of drugs have been used.
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Braquehais MD, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Sher L. Impulsivity: current and future trends in pharmacological treatment. Expert Rev Neurother 2010; 10:1367-9. [PMID: 20819006 DOI: 10.1586/ern.10.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Bambico FR, Cassano T, Dominguez-Lopez S, Katz N, Walker CD, Piomelli D, Gobbi G. Genetic deletion of fatty acid amide hydrolase alters emotional behavior and serotonergic transmission in the dorsal raphe, prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus. Neuropsychopharmacology 2010; 35:2083-100. [PMID: 20571484 PMCID: PMC3055302 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2010.80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacological blockade of the anandamide-degrading enzyme, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), produces CB(1) receptor (CB(1)R)-mediated analgesic, anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like effects in murids. Using behavioral and electrophysiological approaches, we have characterized the emotional phenotype and serotonergic (5-HT) activity of mice lacking the FAAH gene in comparison to their wild type counterparts, and their response to a challenge of the CB(1)R antagonist, rimonabant. FAAH null-mutant (FAAH(-/-)) mice exhibited reduced immobility in the forced swim and tail suspension tests, predictive of antidepressant activity, which was attenuated by rimonabant. FAAH(-/-) mice showed an increase in the duration of open arm visits in the elevated plus maze, and a decrease in thigmotaxis and an increase in exploratory rearing displayed in the open field, indicating anxiolytic-like effects that were reversed by rimonabant. Rimonabant also prolonged the initiation of feeding in the novelty-suppressed feeding test. Electrophysiological recordings revealed a marked 34.68% increase in dorsal raphe 5-HT neural firing that was reversed by rimonabant in a subset of neurons exhibiting high firing rates (33.15% mean decrease). The response of the prefrontocortical pyramidal cells to the 5-HT(2A/2C) agonist (+/-)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane ((+/-)-DOI) revealed desensitized 5-HT(2A/2C) receptors, likely linked to the observed anxiolytic-like behaviors. The hippocampal pyramidal response to the 5-HT(1A) antagonist, WAY-100635, indicates enhanced tonus on the hippocampal 5-HT(1A) heteroreceptors, a hallmark of antidepressant-like action. Together, these results suggest that FAAH genetic deletion enhances anxiolytic-like and antidepressant-like effects, paralleled by altered 5-HT transmission and postsynaptic 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(2A/2C) receptor function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tommaso Cassano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Sergio Dominguez-Lopez
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Noam Katz
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Claire Dominique Walker
- Neuroscience and Mood, Anxiety and Impulsivity Disorders-Related Research Division, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Drug Discovery, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Gabriella Gobbi
- Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada,Department of Psychiatry Research and Training Building, McGill University, Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, 1033 Pine Avenue West, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3A 1A1, Tel: +1 514 398 1290, Fax: +1 514 398 4866, E-mail:
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