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Lewiński R, Hernik A, Liszewska M, Buckley B, Czaja K, Korcz W, Słomczyńska A, Struciński P. Validation of a Modified QuEChERS Method for the Determination of Selected Organochlorine Compounds in Honey. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020842. [PMID: 36677901 PMCID: PMC9864146 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey is considered to be a health-promoting food product. Therefore, it is assumed that it should be free of contaminants. Although the use of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) was banned a few decades ago in developed countries, persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are still detected in various environmental and biological matrices, including food. These contaminants exhibit toxic properties and bioaccumulate in some food chains. The validation of a modified QuEChERS extraction method was successfully performed for o,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, heptachlor and dieldrin. 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153) was used as an internal standard. The modification involved changing the solvent from acetonitrile to n-hexane after extraction. Quantitation was carried out using gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (µECD). The mean recovery values for o,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD and dieldrin, spiked at 2.9 ng/g and 20 ng/g, ranged from 64.7% to 129.3%, and, for heptachlor spiked at 5.6 ng/g and 20 ng/g, ranged from 68.0% to 88.3%. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for these concentrations did not exceed 20%, and the within-laboratory reproducibility was below 20%, except o,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT, which were 25.2% and 20.7%, respectively. This modified QuEChERS extraction method for selected organochlorine compounds was demonstrated as effective for routine testing in honey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Lewiński
- Department of Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment, National Institute of Public Health NIH—National Research Institute, 24 Chocimska, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-54-21-356
| | - Agnieszka Hernik
- Department of Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment, National Institute of Public Health NIH—National Research Institute, 24 Chocimska, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Liszewska
- Department of Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment, National Institute of Public Health NIH—National Research Institute, 24 Chocimska, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Brian Buckley
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Katarzyna Czaja
- Department of Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment, National Institute of Public Health NIH—National Research Institute, 24 Chocimska, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Korcz
- Department of Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment, National Institute of Public Health NIH—National Research Institute, 24 Chocimska, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Słomczyńska
- Department of Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment, National Institute of Public Health NIH—National Research Institute, 24 Chocimska, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paweł Struciński
- Department of Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment, National Institute of Public Health NIH—National Research Institute, 24 Chocimska, 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Sari MF, Esen F. Concentration levels and an assessment of human health risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in honey and pollen. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:66913-66921. [PMID: 35513623 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20545-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) accumulate in the food chain due to their physical and chemical properties and adversely affect human health. For this reason, this study aimed to determine the PAH and PCB concentration levels in pollen and honey samples in urban and semi-urban areas and to evaluate the risk of cancer that may occur by ingestion in Bursa, Turkey. The average total concentrations of 14 PAH (∑14PAH) compounds in pollen and honey samples were found to be 304.3 ± 192.3 ng/g (average ± standard deviation) and 650.2 ± 118.1 ng/g for the urban area, and 329.6 ± 160.6 ng/g and 464.3 ± 66.4 ng/g for the semi-urban area, respectively. Similarly, ∑14PCB concentrations in pollen and honey samples were found to be 8.7 ± 3.6 ng/g and 13.0 ± 4.8 ng/g for the urban area and 7.7 ± 2.2 ng/g and 17.4 ± 4.0 ng/g for the semi-urban area, respectively. It was determined that the pollen and honey samples in both sampling areas were affected by local PCB sources. The Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) method determined the relationship between pollen and honey samples. According to the PCC values obtained, it was observed that pollen and honey in both sampling regions exhibited a significant relationship with each other. Finally, while there was no cancer risk for PCBs due to ingestion of honey and pollen in both sampling areas, acceptable cancer risk has been calculated for PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ferhat Sari
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Nilufer, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Fatma Esen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Nilufer, Bursa, Turkey.
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3
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Dong S, Qi S, Zhang S, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Zou Y, Luo Y, Wang P, Wu L. Short- and medium-chain chlorinated paraffins in honey from China: Distribution, source analysis, and risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 308:119695. [PMID: 35779663 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated paraffins (CPs) are industrial chemicals produced in large quantities. Short-chain CPs (SCCPs) were classified as persistent organic pollutants under the Stockholm Convention in 2017. Medium-chain CPs (MCCPs) became candidate persistent organic pollutants in 2021. CPs are now ubiquitously found in the environment. Honey bees can be exposed to CPs during foraging, and this exposure subsequently results in the contamination of honey and other bee products along with colony food production and storage. Here, SCCP and MCCP concentrations in honey collected from Chinese apiaries in 2015 and 2021 were determined. Total CP concentrations in honey from 2021 to 2015 were comparable, but the ratio of MCCPs/SCCPs was higher in 2021 than in 2015. SCCP and MCCP congener group profiles in all honey samples were similar and dominated by C10-11Cl6-7 and C14Cl6-7, respectively. MCCP concentrations were also higher than SCCP concentrations in bees, pollen, and wax but not in bee bread, which were all collected in 2021. The order of average CP concentrations was determined as wax > bee > pollen > bee bread > honey. Poor relationships were found between SCCP concentrations in honey and other samples, but a relationship between MCCP concentrations in honey and other samples was observed. Migration tests of CPs in plastic bottles showed essentially no migration into honey during storage. The risks to humans from CPs in honey are low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Dong
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Suzhen Qi
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Su Zhang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yaxin Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yin Zhao
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yun Zou
- Organic Biological Analytical Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Liège, Liège, 4000, Belgium
| | - Yiming Luo
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Peilong Wang
- Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Liming Wu
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China.
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4
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Santos SDS, de Freitas LVP, Sicupira LC, Silvério FO. Simultaneous Determination of Aldrin and Mirex in Honey by Liquid–Liquid Extraction with Low-Temperature Purification combined with GC–MS. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-021-02163-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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5
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Nowak A, Nowak I. Review of harmful chemical pollutants of environmental origin in honey and bee products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-23. [PMID: 34904474 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2012752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Honey is a natural food with many pro-health properties, which comprises a wide variety of valuable ingredients. It can also be the source of chemical contaminants of environmental origin, including POPs that can contribute to adverse health effects to human. Monitoring the degree of pollution of honey/bee products with hazardous chemicals is important from a nutraceutical point of view. In the present work, overview of recent literature data on chemical pollutants in honey/bee products originating from the environment was performed. Their MLs, MRLs and EDI were discussed. It can be concluded that huge amount of research concerned on the presence of TMs and pesticides in honey. Most of the studies have shown that honey/bee products sampled from urban and industrialized areas were more contaminated than these sampled from ecological and rural locations. More pollutants were usually detected in propolis and bee pollen than in honey. Based on their research and regulations, authors stated, that most of the toxic pollutants of environmental origin in honey/bee products are at levels that do not pose a threat to the health of the potential consumer. The greatest concern relates to pesticides and TMs, because in some research MLs in individual samples were highly exceeded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Nowak
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Nowak
- Faculty of Law and Administration, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Simsek I, Kuzukiran O, Yurdakok-Dikmen B, Sireli UT, Beykaya M, Filazi A. Comparison of selected lipophilic compound residues in honey and propolis. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Leska A, Nowak A, Nowak I, Górczyńska A. Effects of Insecticides and Microbiological Contaminants on Apis mellifera Health. Molecules 2021; 26:5080. [PMID: 34443668 PMCID: PMC8398688 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, there has been an alarming decline in the number of honey bee colonies. This phenomenon is called Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD). Bee products play a significant role in human life and have a huge impact on agriculture, therefore bees are an economically important species. Honey has found its healing application in various sectors of human life, as well as other bee products such as royal jelly, propolis, and bee pollen. There are many putative factors of CCD, such as air pollution, GMO, viruses, or predators (such as wasps and hornets). It is, however, believed that pesticides and microorganisms play a huge role in the mass extinction of bee colonies. Insecticides are chemicals that are dangerous to both humans and the environment. They can cause enormous damage to bees' nervous system and permanently weaken their immune system, making them vulnerable to other factors. Some of the insecticides that negatively affect bees are, for example, neonicotinoids, coumaphos, and chlorpyrifos. Microorganisms can cause various diseases in bees, weakening the health of the colony and often resulting in its extinction. Infection with microorganisms may result in the need to dispose of the entire hive to prevent the spread of pathogens to other hives. Many aspects of the impact of pesticides and microorganisms on bees are still unclear. The need to deepen knowledge in this matter is crucial, bearing in mind how important these animals are for human life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Leska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Nowak
- Faculty of Law and Administration, University of Lodz, Kopcinskiego 8/12, 90-232 Lodz, Poland; (I.N.); (A.G.)
| | - Anna Górczyńska
- Faculty of Law and Administration, University of Lodz, Kopcinskiego 8/12, 90-232 Lodz, Poland; (I.N.); (A.G.)
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Dos Santos M, Vareli CS, Janisch B, Pizzutti IR, Fortes J, Sautter CK, Costabeber IH. Contamination of polychlorinated biphenyls in honey from the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2021; 38:452-463. [PMID: 33459200 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2020.1865578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants are characterised by their chemical structure, environmental persistence and toxicity to human and wildlife populations. The production of these chemicals is regulated and restricted. However, they continue to be detected in the environment. In this study, the occurrence of 11 congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs 28, 52, 77, 81, 101, 118, 126, 138, 153, 169, and 180) was investigated in 90 honey samples produced in the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. The samples were from different municipalities, production systems and floral origins. Extraction was performed using the modified QuEChERS method (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) followed by gas chromatography with micro-electron capture detector. The results showed the presence of four congeners (PCBs 28, 77, 81, 101) in 15 honey samples confirming the environmental contamination in Southern Brazil. Among the contaminated samples, no significant differences were identified regarding the production system and floral origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariele Dos Santos
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brasil
| | - Catiucia S Vareli
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brasil
| | - Bárbara Janisch
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brasil
| | - Ionara R Pizzutti
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brasil
| | - Juciane Fortes
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brasil
| | - Cláudia Kaehler Sautter
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Ciência dos Alimentos, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brasil
| | - Ijoni H Costabeber
- Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brasil
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9
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Panseri S, Bonerba E, Nobile M, Di Cesare F, Mosconi G, Cecati F, Arioli F, Tantillo G, Chiesa L. Pesticides and Environmental Contaminants in Organic Honeys According to Their Different Productive Areas toward Food Safety Protection. Foods 2020; 9:foods9121863. [PMID: 33327474 PMCID: PMC7764946 DOI: 10.3390/foods9121863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Monitoring contaminant residues in honey helps to avoid risks to human health, as it is a natural product widely consumed in all population groups, including the most vulnerable, such as children and the elderly. This is important for organic honey production that may be negatively influenced by geographical area pollution. Considering the importance of collecting data on the occurrence of various xenobiotics in different geographical areas, this study aimed to investigate the presence of contaminant residues (persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and pesticides, including glyphosate and metabolites) in organic honey samples from different production areas using different analytical methods, in order to confirm their incidence and possible impact on the food safety traits of organic production. Regarding POPs, traces of benzofluoroanthene and chrysene were detected in honey from intensive orchards and arable lands. Traces of all polychlorobiphenyl (PCB) congeners were detected at different percentages in almost all of the samples, regardless of the origin area. Traces of polybromodiphenylethers (PBDE 28, 33, and 47) were found in different percentages of samples from all of the geographical areas examined. Traces of organochlorines (OCs) and organophosphates (OPs) were identified in honey samples belonging to all of the geographical areas. No glyphosate, glufosinate, and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) residues were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Panseri
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (M.N.); (G.M.); (F.A.); (L.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Bonerba
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Strada P.le per Casamassima Km3, 70010 Valenzano, Italy;
| | - Maria Nobile
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (M.N.); (G.M.); (F.A.); (L.C.)
| | - Federica Di Cesare
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (M.N.); (G.M.); (F.A.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giacomo Mosconi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (M.N.); (G.M.); (F.A.); (L.C.)
| | - Francisco Cecati
- INTEQUI-CONICET, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, Almirante Brown 1455, San Luis 5700, CP, Argentina;
| | - Francesco Arioli
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (M.N.); (G.M.); (F.A.); (L.C.)
| | - Giuseppina Tantillo
- Department Interdisciplinary of Medicine, University of Bari, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Luca Chiesa
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (M.N.); (G.M.); (F.A.); (L.C.)
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10
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Simsek I, Kuzukiran O, Yurdakok-Dikmen B, Snoj T, Filazi A. Determination of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in Propolis by Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) and Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1821208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ilker Simsek
- Eldivan Vocational School of Health Services, Medical Services and Techniques Department, Cankiri Karatekin University, Eldivan, Cankiri, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Kuzukiran
- Eldivan Vocational School of Health Services, Veterinary Department, Cankiri Karatekin University, Eldivan, Cankiri, Turkey
| | | | - Tomaz Snoj
- Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Preclinical Sciences, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ayhan Filazi
- Veterinary Faculty, Ziraat, University of Ankara, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
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11
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Blaga GV, Chițescu CL, Lisă EL, Dumitru C, Vizireanu C, Borda D. Antifungal residues analysis in various Romanian honey samples analysis by high resolution mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2020; 55:484-494. [PMID: 32022645 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2020.1724016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Given that the pesticide and fungicide residues determination in honey is not a routine analysis in Romania, information on these emerging contaminants is useful for consumer's safety. High resolution mass spectrometry technique was applied by Q-Exactive Orbitrap LC-MS/MS to identify and quantify environmental contaminants in honey. A list of 25 compounds, biocides and antifungals was selected for the method development, based on the occurrence in the Romanian environment and their potential usage in agriculture. The method was applied for 18 various honey samples collected in different geographic regions of Romania. Eleven compounds were present in the honey samples: carbendazim, enilconazole, hexaconazole, penconazole, tebuconazole, flusilazole, thiabendazole, terconazole, cyproconazole, propiconazole, metalaxyl. Targeted MS/MS analyses were performed for confirmation. The measured quantities ranged from 1.7-7.2 μg kg-1, lower than MRLs established by the legislation. The most abundant compound was enilconazole (imazalil), which was detected in fourteen samples. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first one concerning antifungal contamination of honey in Romania. The results proved that the tested honey samples are safe for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmen Lidia Chițescu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galaţi, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Elena Lăcrămioara Lisă
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galaţi, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Caterina Dumitru
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galaţi, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Camelia Vizireanu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galaţi, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Daniela Borda
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galaţi, Galaţi, Romania
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12
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Nardelli V, D'Amico V, Casamassima F, Gesualdo G, Li D, Marchesiello WMV, Nardiello D, Quinto M. Development of a screening analytical method for the determination of non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in chicken eggs by gaschromatography and electron capture detection. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2019; 36:1393-1403. [PMID: 31204889 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2019.1627002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive and reproducible screening analytical method is here proposed for the determination of six non dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (NDL-PCBs, congener 28, 52, 101, 138, 153, 180) in chicken eggs based on accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) procedure for the fat extraction and determination, a solid phase extraction (SPE) sample clean-up process, and a gas chromatography - electron capture detection (GC-ECD) analysis. The optimized chromatographic separation, in less than 25 min, returned good responses for the six NDL-PCBs in the range of 2.5-60.0 µg L-1, with correlation coefficients always higher than 0.9995. Instrumental limits of detection were between 0.08-0.35 µg L-1, corresponding to 0.05 and 0.23 ng g-1 fat in the matrix, while method detection limits, calculated on spiked egg samples, ranged from 1.6 to 3.5 ng g-1 fat. The method has been extensively validated in terms of selectivity, sensitivity, recovery, precision, ruggedness and measurement uncertainty, following the European Directives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Nardelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata , Foggia , Italy
| | - Valeria D'Amico
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata , Foggia , Italy
| | - Francesco Casamassima
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata , Foggia , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gesualdo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata , Foggia , Italy
| | - Donghao Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Yanbian University , Yanji , China
| | - Wadir M V Marchesiello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Foggia , Foggia , Italy
| | - Donatella Nardiello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Foggia , Foggia , Italy
| | - Maurizio Quinto
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Yanbian University , Yanji , China.,Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, degli Alimenti e dell'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Foggia , Foggia , Italy
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13
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Chiesa LM, Panseri S, Nobile M, Ceriani F, Arioli F. Distribution of POPs, pesticides and antibiotic residues in organic honeys from different production areas. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2018. [PMID: 29533158 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1451660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Demand for honey is increasing, especially if it is organic and if its nutritional properties are linked to untreated environments in order to guarantee quality for health. Sources of contamination of honey can be divided into environmental and apicultural. Therefore, the distribution of persistent organic pollutants, pesticides and antibiotic residues from geographical areas with different contamination sources (high anthropic impact, intensive farming, husbandry and low anthropic impact) was investigated in order to confirm the potential transfer of xenobiotics into the supply chain and to give beekeepers tools for the selection of areas dedicated to organic production. The presence of polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ether and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was confirmed, not only in proximity to highly urbanised centres, where the concentrations were higher, but in all environment contexts, confirming their ubiquity. No antibiotics or neonicotinoids were detected in 95 organic honeys, demonstrating the absence of apicultural treatments and consequently the good quality of honey of different areas. These results are important due to the undefined regulatory European situation on honey antibiotic limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Maria Chiesa
- a Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Sara Panseri
- a Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Maria Nobile
- a Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Federica Ceriani
- a Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Francesco Arioli
- a Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
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Wang K, Jiang J, Lv X, Zang S, Tian S, Zhang H, Yu A, Zhang Z, Yu Y. Application of solvent floatation to separation and determination of triazine herbicides in honey by high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2018; 410:2183-2192. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-018-0881-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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15
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Guan SH, Huang MW, Li X, Cai Q. Determination of Atrazine, Simazine, Alachlor, and Metolachlor in Surface Water Using Dispersive Pipette Extraction and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2017.1341904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Hongxia Guan
- School of Science and Technology, Georgia Gwinnett College, Lawrenceville, GA, USA
| | | | - Xiaoping Li
- School of Science and Technology, Georgia Gwinnett College, Lawrenceville, GA, USA
| | - Qingsong Cai
- The Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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16
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One-step green synthesis of β-cyclodextrin/iron oxide-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite with high supramolecular recognition capability: Application for vortex-assisted magnetic solid phase extraction of organochlorine pesticides residue from honey samples. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1485:32-43. [PMID: 28104237 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In this research, β-cyclodextrin/iron oxide reduced graphene oxide hybrid nanostructure (β-CD/MRGO) with high water dispersability, excellent magnetic responsivity and molecular selectivity was prepared via a facile one step green strategy. The obtained nanomaterial was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), which confirmed the modification of GO with β-CD and magnetic nanoparticles. The formation mechanism of β-CD/MRGO was also discussed. The prepared magnetic nanocomposite was then applied as adsorbent in the vortex-assisted magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) of 16 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from honey samples prior to gas chromatography-electron capture detection (GC-ECD) analysis. Optimum extraction conditions have been assessed with respect to vortex time, sample pH, adsorbent amount, and salt concentration as well as desorption conditions (type and volume of desorption solvent and desorption time). A good level of linearity (2-10,000ngkg-1) with satisfactory determination coefficients (R2>0.9966) and suitable precision (%RSDs less than 7.8) was obtained for OCPs under the optimal conditions. The limits of detection and quantification of the method were obtained in the sub-parts per trillion (ppt) to parts per trillion range (LOD: 0.52-3.21ngkg-1; LOQ: 1.73-10.72ngkg-1) based on 3 and 10 signal to noise ratios, respectively. The MSPE method was successfully applied to analysis of OCPs in honey samples with recoveries in the range of 78.8% to 116.2% and RSDs (n=3) below 8.1%. The results demonstrated that β-CD/MRGO could exhibit good supramolecular recognition, enrichment capability and high extraction recoveries toward OCPs.
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Drummond J, Williamson SM, Fitchett AE, Wright GA, Judge SJ. Spontaneous honeybee behaviour is altered by persistent organic pollutants. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 26:141-150. [PMID: 27933553 PMCID: PMC5241328 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1749-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of environmental pollutants on honeybee behaviour has focused mainly on currently used pesticides. However, honeybees are also exposed to persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The aim of this laboratory based study was to determine if exposure to sublethal field-relevant concentrations of POPs altered the spontaneous behaviour of foraging-age worker honeybees. Honeybees (Apis mellifera) were orally exposed to either a sublethal concentration of the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture Aroclor 1254 (100 ng/ml), the organochlorine insecticide lindane (2.91 ng/ml) or vehicle (0.01% DMSO, 0.00015% ethanol in 1M sucrose) for 1-4 days. The frequency of single event behaviours and the time engaged in one of four behavioural states (walking, flying, upside down and stationary) were monitored for 15 min after 1, 2, 3 and 4 days exposure. Exposure to Aroclor 1254 but not lindane increased the frequency and time engaged in honeybee motor activity behaviours in comparison to vehicle. The Aroclor 1254-induced hyperactivity was evident after 1 day of exposure and persisted with repeated daily exposure. In contrast, 1 day of exposure to lindane elicited abdominal spasms and increased the frequency of grooming behaviours in comparison to vehicle exposure. After 4 days of exposure, abdominal spasms and increased grooming behaviours were also evident in honeybees exposed to Aroclor 1254. These data demonstrate that POPs can induce distinct behavioural patterns, indicating different toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic properties. The changes in spontaneous behaviour, particularly the PCB-induced chronic hyperactivity and the associated energy demands, may have implications for colony health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade Drummond
- Medical Toxicology Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AA, UK
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Sally M Williamson
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Ann E Fitchett
- Medical Toxicology Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AA, UK
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Geraldine A Wright
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Sarah J Judge
- Medical Toxicology Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4AA, UK.
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
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18
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Levels of Selected Persistent Organic Pollutants (PCB, PBDE) and Pesticides in Honey Bee Pollen Sampled in Poland. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167487. [PMID: 27907097 PMCID: PMC5132244 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical plant protection is a commonly discussed factor potentially responsible for decline in pollinators and other beneficial insect populations. Various groups of chemicals including persistent organic pollutants could impact a bee colony's welfare and are reported to be present in bee tissue and apiary products. The aim of this work was to evaluate the presence of selected persistent organic pollutant and pesticide residues in bee pollen originating from different geographical regions of Poland. Pesticide residues were identified in 60% of tested bee pollen samples. The compounds identified were mainly active ingredients of fungicide preparations. Insecticide active ingredients were up to 30% of the identified residues. The triazole fungicide tebuconazole and the neonicotinoid insecticide thiacloprid were the most frequently found pesticides in pollen. The highest pesticide concentration was determined for prothioconazole (356 μg kg-1). Mean concentrations of chlorinated biphenyls-EC6 and EC12 were 194 pg g-1 and 74 pg g-1, respectively. CB # 28 has the greatest share in the EC6 profile (mean 61 pg g-1, 31% contribution). Relatively high contributions were also observed for CBs # 101 (35 pg g-1, 18%), # 138 (36 pg g-1, 19%) and # 153 (33 pg g-1, 17%). CB # 114 and 118 have the highest share in the dioxin-like biphenyls fraction with mean concentrations of 17.6 and 37.6 pg g-1 (respectively 23 and 50%). Mean calculated concentrations of 39 polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners (Σ39 BDE) were 20 ± 27.7 pg g-1. High variability was observed between maximal and minimal determined concentration values. Individual BDEs were found at different frequencies and varying concentration levels. BDEs # 47, 75 and 99 dominated the profile with average concentrations of 3 pg g-1, 3.1 pg g-1, and 2.9 pg g-1, respectively.
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19
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Abdulkhaliq A, Swaileh KM. Physico-chemical properties of multi-floral honey from the West Bank, Palestine. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1166128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahed Abdulkhaliq
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, West Bank, Palestine
| | - Khalid M. Swaileh
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Birzeit University, West Bank, Palestine
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20
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Irungu J, Raina S, Torto B. Determination of pesticide residues in honey: a preliminary study from two of Africa’s largest honey producers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD CONTAMINATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40550-016-0036-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Determination of selected environmental contaminants in foraging honeybees. Talanta 2016; 148:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Malhat FM, Haggag MN, Loutfy NM, Osman MAM, Ahmed MT. Residues of organochlorine and synthetic pyrethroid pesticides in honey, an indicator of ambient environment, a pilot study. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 120:457-461. [PMID: 25243805 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Samples of honey were screened to monitor residues of organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides. The study meant to examine the quality of honey, and to use honey as a bioindicator of environmental contamination. Residue levels were determined by gas chromatography (GC-μECD). Samples had a wide spectrum of organochlorine and synthetic pyrethroids pesticides, with hexachlorobenzene (HCB) as the most frequently detected organochlorine, followed by permethrin, heptachlor epoxide. Only one sample had a concentration of γ-HCH higher than maximum residue limit of honey (0.01 mg kg(-1)). Residues of organochlorines detected, indicate the presence of some fresh supplies, despite the ban imposed on their use. The study confirmed that honey bee and beehive matrices could be used as gauge for monitoring environment contamination. From public health point of view, the observed levels of pesticide residues in honey do not pose a serious health risk to the consumers, but raises questions of the source of organochlorines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farag M Malhat
- Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed N Haggag
- Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution Department, Central Agricultural Pesticide Laboratory, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, Egypt
| | - Naglaa M Loutfy
- Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A M Osman
- Faculty of Agriculture, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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23
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Determining pesticide contamination in honey by LC-ESI-MS/MS – Comparison of pesticide recoveries of two liquid–liquid extraction based approaches. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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25
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Mohr S, García-Bermejo A, Herrero L, Gómara B, Costabeber IH, González MJ. Levels of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in honey samples from different geographic regions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 472:741-745. [PMID: 24333996 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of 17 brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including two "novel" BFRs (1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane, BTBPE and decabromodiphenylethane, DBDPE), have been determined to be in 35 commercial honey samples from Brazil, Spain, Portugal, Slovenia and Morocco. The results revealed the presence of low amounts (between<LOD to 24.7 pg g(-1) fresh weight) of individual BFRs. The highest total BFR concentrations were found in Brazilian honeys (mean of 5.19, range of 0.46-25.2 pg g(-1) f.w.), followed by Moroccan (mean of 4.40, range of 2.49-8.0 pg g(-1) f.w.), Portuguese (mean of 2.24, range of 1.33-3.81 pg g(-1) f.w.), Spanish (mean of 1.77, range of 0.49-2.96 pg g(-1) f.w.), and Slovenian (mean of 0.93, range of 0.75-1.09 pg g(-1) f.w.) honey samples. The most remarkable findings in this study were the large contribution of the low brominated PBDEs, principally BDE-47, found in honey samples from Slovenia, Spain and Portugal. Meanwhile the most abundant BFRs found in Brazilian and Moroccan honeys were the two novel BFRs (BTBPE and DBDPE). The detection of BFRs in honeys from different countries highlights the risk that their presence poses to the health of humans and wildlife since honey is a non-fatty natural product that is highly consumed all over the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Mohr
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, IQOG (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima 1000/42, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, 70040-020 Brasília, DF, Brazil.
| | - Angel García-Bermejo
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, IQOG (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Laura Herrero
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, IQOG (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Belén Gómara
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, IQOG (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ijoni Hilda Costabeber
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Roraima 1000/19, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
| | - María José González
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, IQOG (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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26
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Simultaneous Determination of Organochlorine, Organophosphorus, and Pyrethroid Pesticides in Bee Pollens by Solid-Phase Extraction Cleanup Followed by Gas Chromatography Using Electron-Capture Detector. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-012-9539-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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Li Z, Li Y, Liu X, Li X, Zhou L, Pan C. Multiresidue analysis of 58 pesticides in bean products by disposable pipet extraction (DPX) cleanup and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry determination. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:4788-4798. [PMID: 22394480 DOI: 10.1021/jf300234d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A method based on disposable pipet extraction (DPX) sample cleanup and gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection by selected ion monitoring (GC/MS-SIM) was established for 58 targeted pesticide residues in soybean, mung bean, adzuki bean and black bean. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile and concentrated (nitrogen gas flow) prior to being aspirated into DPX tubes. Cleanup procedure was achieved in a simple DPX-Qg tube. Matrix-matched calibrations were analyzed, and the limits of quantification (LOQ) of this method ranged from 0.01 mg kg(-1) to 0.1 mg kg(-1) for all target compounds. Coefficients of determination of the linear ranges were between 0.9919 and 0.9998. Recoveries of fortified level 0.02 mg kg(-1) on soybean, mung bean, adzuki bean and black bean were 70.2-109.6%, 69.1-119.0%, 69.1-119.8%, and 69.0-120.8%, respectively, for all studied pesticides. Moreover, pesticide risk assessment for all the detected residues in 178 market samples at Beijing market area was conducted. A maximum 0.958% of ADI (acceptable daily intake) for NESDI (national estimated daily intake) and 55.1% of ARfD (acute reference dose) for NESTI (national estimated short-term intake) indicated low diet risk of these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziang Li
- College of AgroParisTech, Paris Institute of Technology, Paris, France
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Zacharis CK, Rotsias I, Zachariadis PG, Zotos A. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for the determination of organochlorine pesticides residues in honey by gas chromatography-electron capture and ion trap mass spectrometric detection. Food Chem 2012; 134:1665-72. [PMID: 25005997 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.03.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A simple dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) protocol for the determination of 15 organochlorine pesticides residues in honey is proposed. The selected pesticides were separated using gas chromatography and detected by electron capture (ECD) or ion trap mass spectrometry (GC-IT/MS). Several parameters affecting the extraction efficiency namely type and volume of organic extraction solvent, type and volume of disperser solvent, sample pH, ionic strength, extraction time and centrifugation speed were systematically investigated. The final DLLME protocol involved the addition of 750 μL acetonitrile (disperser) and 50 μL chloroform (extraction solvent) into a 5 mL aqueous honey solution followed by centrifugation. The sedimented organic phase (chloroform) were analysed directly by GC-IT/MS or evaporated and reconstituted in acetonitrile prior to the GC-ECD analysis. The analytical performance of the GC-ECD and GC-IT/MS methods was compared and discussed. Under the selected experimental conditions, the enrichment factors varied between of 36 and 114. The limits of detection (LOD) were in the range of 0.02-0.15 μg L(-1) (0.4-3 ng g(-1)) for GC-ECD and 0.01-0.2 μg L(-1) (0.2-4 ng g(-1)) for GC-IT/MS which is adequate to verify compliance of products to legal tolerances. The proposed method was applied to the analysis of the selected organochlorine pesticides residues in various honey samples obtained from Greek region. Mean recoveries were ranged from 75% to 119% while the precision was better than 20% in both methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos K Zacharis
- Research Laboratory for the Physical and Chemical Testing of Foods, Department of Food Technology, School of Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexander Technological Educational Institute (ATEI) of Thessaloniki, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece; Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ilias Rotsias
- Research Laboratory for the Physical and Chemical Testing of Foods, Department of Food Technology, School of Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexander Technological Educational Institute (ATEI) of Thessaloniki, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Petros G Zachariadis
- Research Laboratory for the Physical and Chemical Testing of Foods, Department of Food Technology, School of Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexander Technological Educational Institute (ATEI) of Thessaloniki, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasios Zotos
- Research Laboratory for the Physical and Chemical Testing of Foods, Department of Food Technology, School of Food Technology and Nutrition, Alexander Technological Educational Institute (ATEI) of Thessaloniki, 57400 Thessaloniki, Greece
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29
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Kujawski MW, Pinteaux E, Namieśnik J. Application of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of selected organochlorine pesticides in honey by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Eur Food Res Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-011-1635-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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30
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Purge and trap with monolithic sorbent for gas chromatographic analysis of pesticides in honey. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:955-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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31
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Abstract
Honey has always been the center of focus, not only because of its valuable nutrition, but also because of its use as an environmental indicator. In this context, 10 honey samples from Taiwan and Mainland China were collected to detect concentration of 17 PCDD/Fs, 12 dioxin-like PCBs and 27 metal elements by HRCG/HRMS and ICP-MS. The main goal was to investigate the difference between honeys of diverse geographical origins and to validate the feasibility of honey being an environmental bioindicator. The result showed lower concentration of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs than their MDLs, indicating it was not feasible using honey as the indicator for these compounds in the environment. The result for metal elements showed a higher concentration of K, Na, Mg and Ca in honey from Taiwan than those from the Mainland. Toxic element, As, Ba, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ag, were all found present in honey from the Mainland; while only three of those, Ba, Pb, Cd were detectible in honey from Taiwan. This could imply a much more complex pollution source in the Mainland than in Taiwan
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32
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Matrix solid-phase dispersion extraction of organophosphorus pesticides from propolis extracts and recovery evaluation by GC/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:885-91. [PMID: 21380749 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4828-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Five organophosphorus pesticides (dichlorvos, diazinon, malathion, methyl parathion and coumaphos) were extracted from propolis by matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) extraction using octadecylsilica (C18, 1.0 g) as dispersant material. The kind of solvent elution (acetonitrile or ethyl acetate), volume (8 mL and 15 mL), and adsorbent used to clean-up the extracts (graphitized carbon, florisil™ and silica) were optimized using fortified propolis samples (5.0 μg g(-1)). Recovery was determined by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection in selected ion monitoring mode (GC/MS-SIM) and statistical analysis was done to determine better extraction conditions. Relatively high recovery and lower relative standard deviation values (3.1-14.6%) were obtained when analytes were eluted with ethyl acetate from the MSPD column. Diazinon, malathion, methyl parathion, and coumaphos show recoveries of 72.7%, 84.6%, 62.6%, and 78.3%, respectively. In contrast, the recovery for dichlorvos was 53.8%. Additional adsorbents tested for clean-up and increase in solvent elution did not affect recoveries positively and caused a high background in chromatograms. Thus, final conditions were 1 mL of sample, 1 g C18 and 8 mL of ethyl acetate.
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Amendola G, Pelosi P, Dommarco R. Solid-phase extraction for multi-residue analysis of pesticides in honey. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2011; 46:24-34. [PMID: 20936565 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2010.515170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A fast and simple multi-residue method for the analysis of 15 organophosphorus (OP), 17 organochlorine (OC), 8 pyrethroids (PYR), 12 N-methyl-carbamate (NMC) pesticide residues and bromopropylate in honey is presented. Ready-to-use EXtrelutNT 20 column, eluted with dichloromethane, was used to extract the pesticide residues from the aqueous-acetone honey sample, obtaining a clean extract directly analyzable. Determination was carried out by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with flame photometric detector (FPD) for OP compounds and by GC coupled with mass spectrometry detector (MSD) for OC and PYR pesticides and bromopropylate. The NMC pesticides were analysed by liquid chromatography-double derivatization coupled with spectrofluorimetric detector (LC/DD/Fl). This method allows the determination of the 53 pesticide residues at low concentrations (0.0005-0.074 mg/kg) and can be used to assess the compliance with the Maximum Residues Levels (MRLs) set by the European Union. The performance of the method was evaluated and specificity, linearity, recovery, repeatability, reproducibility, limit of quantification (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD) were determined. A good linearity (r(2)≥ 0.99) was found in the range 0.0005-0.074 mg/kg for the majority of the compounds studied. Most of the pesticides had recoveries in the range 70-103 % and values of relative standard deviation (RSD) < 20 for repeatability and reproducibility, showing good accuracy and precision of the method. Aldicarb partially degraded in aldicarb sulphoxide during the analytical procedure, giving anomalous values. The LOQ for all pesticides investigated was from 0.0005 to 0.025 mg/kg while the LOD ranged from 0.0002 to 0.008 mg/kg.
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Tsiafoulis CG, Nanos CG. Determination of azinphos-methyl and parathion-methyl in honey by stripping voltammetry. Electrochim Acta 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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35
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Coacervative microextraction ultrasound-assisted back-extraction technique for determination of organophosphates pesticides in honey samples by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:6334-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yavuz H, Guler GO, Aktumsek A, Cakmak YS, Ozparlak H. Determination of some organochlorine pesticide residues in honeys from Konya, Turkey. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2010; 168:277-283. [PMID: 19685151 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-009-1111-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 24 organochlorine pesticide residues in 109 different honey samples collected from stores and open markets in Konya, Turkey were analyzed by gas chromatography-electron capture detection. Aldrin, cis-chlordane, trans-chlordane, oxy-chlordane, 2,4(')-DDE, and 4,4(')-DDE were found in all honey samples. The mean value was 0.0540 microg g(-1) for oxy-chlordane. In the 55 samples of 109, levels of organochlorine pesticide residues of oxy-chlordane were determined as higher than those of Turkish Alimentarius Codex maximum residual limits (MRLs). Other organochlorine pesticide residues also exceeded MRLs except for cis-heptachlor epoxide and alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane. Since all of the honey samples are found contaminated and most of these samples exceeded MRLs, a control of organochlorine pesticide residues in honey is necessary for consumer health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halil Yavuz
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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37
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38
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Guan H, Brewer WE, Garris ST, Morgan SL. Disposable pipette extraction for the analysis of pesticides in fruit and vegetables using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:1867-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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39
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Guan H, Brewer WE, Morgan SL. New approach to multiresidue pesticide determination in foods with high fat content using disposable pipette extraction (DPX) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:10531-10538. [PMID: 19877640 DOI: 10.1021/jf902373u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides in corn muffin mix and cocoa beans were analyzed using disposable pipette extraction (DPX) for rapid cleanup followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The DPX method in this study used weak anion exchange (WAX) mechanisms to remove the major sample matrix interferences, fatty acids, from the chromatographic analyses. The limits of detection (LOD) were determined to be <10 ppb for all studied pesticides in corn muffin. DPX-WAX exhibited average recoveries reaching 100% for most targeted pesticides, with relative standard deviations below 10%. These results indicate that DPX with weak anion exchange sorbent is effective at eliminating fatty acid interferences in foods of high fat content prior to multiresidue pesticide analysis. Furthermore, the DPX cleanup method takes approximately 2 min to perform. In addition, removal of fatty acids from cocoa beans demonstrates the high capacity of this extraction method for samples containing up to 50% fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Guan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, 631 Sumter Street, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
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40
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Tang J, Zhang M, Cheng G, Lu Y. Diazinon determination using high performance liquid chromatography: a comparison of the ENVI-Carb column with the immunoaffinity column for the pretreatment of water and soil samples. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2009; 83:626-629. [PMID: 19590806 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-009-9823-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2008] [Accepted: 08/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
An immunoaffinity chromatography column was developed to remove diazinon from water and soil samples. In this paper, two types of absorbent columns, the immunoaffinity chromatography column and the ENVI-Carb column, were compared. To accomplish this, each of these columns was used to treat water and soil samples that had been spiked with diazinon at concentrations of 2.5 or 5 ng/mL (or ng/g). High performance liquid chromatography was then used to analyze the treated samples. The ENVI-Carb column recovered 87.99%-95.95% of the diazinon from water and soil with CVs of 5.08%-8.06%. The recoveries observed when the immunoaffinity chromatography column was used were slightly lower (52.61%-81.58%); however, it effectively clean up the soil samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshe Tang
- Resource and Environmental Science Department, Agricultural and Biology School, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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41
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Chen F, Chen L, Wang Q, Zhou J, Xue X, Zhao J. Determination of organochlorine pesticides in propolis by gas chromatography–electron capture detection using double column series solid-phase extraction. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 393:1073-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2474-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 10/07/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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42
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Santana dos Santos TF, Aquino A, Dórea HS, Navickiene S. MSPD procedure for determining buprofezin, tetradifon, vinclozolin, and bifenthrin residues in propolis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 390:1425-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1813-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2007] [Revised: 12/08/2007] [Accepted: 12/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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43
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Blasco C, Font G, Picó Y. Solid-phase microextraction-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry applied to the analysis of insecticides in honey. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2007; 25:59-69. [PMID: 17852391 DOI: 10.1080/02652030701424529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
An approach based on solid-phase microextraction-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-LC-MS) has been developed for determining 12 insecticides (bromophos ethyl, chlorpyrifos methyl, chlorpyrifos ethyl, diazinon, fenoxycarb, fonofos, phenthoate, phosalone, pirimiphos methyl, profenofos, pyrazophos, and temephos) in honey. The influence of several parameters on the efficiency of the SPME was systematically investigated. Under optimal conditions, the procedure provided excellent linearity (>0.990), detection and quantification limits (between 0.001 and 0.1 microg g(-1) and between 0.005 and 0.5 microg g(-1), respectively), and precision (<19% at the quantification limits and from 6 to 14% at ten times higher concentrations). However, recoveries were not so good, ranging from 19 to 92%. Honey samples were found that were contaminated with bromophos ethyl, diazinon, fonofos, pirimiphos ethyl, pyrazophos, and temephos at estimated concentrations from 6.2 +/- 1.2 to 19 +/- 3 ng g(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- C Blasco
- Laboratori de Bromatologia i Toxicologia, Facultat de Farmàcia. Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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44
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Wei X, Yin J, Yang G, He C, Chen Y. On-line solid-phase extraction with a monolithic weak cation-exchange column and simultaneous screening of α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists in human plasma. J Sep Sci 2007; 30:2851-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200700342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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45
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Kolakowski BM, D'Agostino PA, Chenier C, Mester Z. Analysis of Chemical Warfare Agents in Food Products by Atmospheric Pressure Ionization-High Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2007; 79:8257-65. [PMID: 17896827 DOI: 10.1021/ac070816j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Flow injection high field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS)-mass spectrometry (MS) methodology was developed for the detection and identification of chemical warfare (CW) agents in spiked food products. The CW agents, soman (GD), sarin (GB), tabun (GA), cyclohexyl sarin (GF), and four hydrolysis products, ethylphosphonic acid (EPA), methylphosphonic acid (MPA), pinacolyl methylphosphonic acid (Pin MPA), and isopropyl methylphosphonic acid (IMPA) were separated and detected by positive ion and negative ion atmospheric pressure ionization-FAIMS-MS. Under optimized conditions, the compensation voltages were 7.2 V for GD, 8.0 V for GA, 7.2 V for GF, 7.6 V for GB, 18.2 V for EPA, 25.9 V for MPA, -1.9 V for PinMPA, and +6.8 V for IMPA. Sample preparation was kept to a minimum, resulting in analysis times of 3 min or less per sample. The developed methodology was evaluated by spiking bottled water, canola oil, cornmeal, and honey samples at low microgram per gram (or microg/mL) levels with the CW agents or CW agent hydrolysis products. The detection limits observed for the CW agents in the spiked food samples ranged from 3 to 15 ng/mL in bottled water, 1-33 ng/mL in canola oil, 1-34 ng/g in cornmeal, and 13-18 ng/g in honey. Detection limits were much higher for the CW agent hydrolysis products, with only MPA being detected in spiked honey samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata M Kolakowski
- NRC Institute for National Measurement Standards, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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46
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Beyoğlu D, Omurtag GZ. Occurrence of naphthalene in honey consumed in Turkey as determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. J Food Prot 2007; 70:1735-8. [PMID: 17685352 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-70.7.1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study is the first report on an investigation of the naphthalene concentration in samples of contaminated honey consumed in Turkey. Naphthalene was detected using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector at 220 nm. In one suspected contaminated specimen, the presence of naphthalene was confirmed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) at a concentration of 1.13 microg/kg. The limit of detection was 0.023 microg/g and the limit of quantification was 0.078 microg/g with signal-to-noise ratios of 3 and 10, respectively. A total of 100 samples of commercially available honey obtained from markets (53 samples) and street bazaars (47 samples) were analyzed. Mean naphthalene recovery from honey known to be contaminated with 1 microg/g was 80.4% (SD = 4.84%, n = 7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diren Beyoğlu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, 34668 Haydarpaşa, Istanbul, Turkey
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47
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Chen L, Ding L, Jin H, Song D, Zhang H, Li J, Zhang K, Wang Y, Zhang H. The determination of organochlorine pesticides based on dynamic microwave-assisted extraction coupled with on-line solid-phase extraction of high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 589:239-46. [PMID: 17418187 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2006] [Revised: 02/26/2007] [Accepted: 03/01/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A rapid technique based on dynamic microwave-assisted extraction coupled with on-line solid-phase extraction of high-performance liquid chromatography (DMAE-SPE-HPLC) has been developed. A TM(010) microwave resonance cavity built in the laboratory was applied to concentrate the microwave energy. The sample placed in the zone of microwave irradiation was extracted with 95% acetonitrile (ACN) aqueous solution which was driven by a peristaltic pump at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min(-1). The extraction can be completed in a recirculating system in 10 min. When a number of extraction cycles were completed, the extract (1 mL) was diluted on-line with water. Then the extract was loaded into an SPE column where the analytes were retained while the unretained matrix components were washed away. Subsequently, the analytes were automatically transferred from the SPE column to the analytical column and determined by UV detector at 238 nm. The technique was used for determination of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in grains, including wheat, rice, corn and bean. The limits of detection of OCPs are in the range of 19-37 ng g(-1). The recoveries obtained by analyzing the four spiked grain samples are in the range of 86-105%, whereas the relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) values are <8.7% ranging from 1.2 to 8.7%. Our method was demonstrated to be fast, accurate, and precise. In addition, only small quantities of solvent and sample were required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligang Chen
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, China
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48
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Campillo N, Peñalver R, Aguinaga N, Hernández-Córdoba M. Solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography with atomic emission detection for multiresidue determination of pesticides in honey. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2006.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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49
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Tahboub YR, Zaater MF, Barri TA. Simultaneous identification and quantitation of selected organochlorine pesticide residues in honey by full-scan gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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50
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Fidente P, Seccia S, Vanni F, Morrica P. Analysis of nicotinoid insecticides residues in honey by solid matrix partition clean-up and liquid chromatography–electrospray mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1094:175-8. [PMID: 16257305 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2005] [Revised: 09/07/2005] [Accepted: 09/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method for the routine simultaneous determination of four nicotinoid insecticides (acetamiprid, imidacloprid, thiacloprid and thiamethoxam) in commercial multifloral honey was developed. Fortified honey samples, dissolved in water, were cleaned up through Extrelut NT20 column and, finally, insecticides were eluted with dichloromethane. The eluate was evaporated, the residue redissolved in methanol and then analyzed by LC-ESI(+)-MS. Average recoveries of the four analytes were in the range of 76% and 99% at both spiking levels 0.1 and 1.0 mg kg(-1). Relative standard deviations (RSDs) were less than 10% for all of the recovery tests. The detection limits (LODs) of the method ranged from 0.01 to 0.1 mg kg(-1) for the different insecticides studied. The developed method is linear over the range assayed, 0.5-5.0 microg mL(-1), with linear correlation coefficients higher than 0.9993.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fidente
- Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica e Tossicologica, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy
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