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Sahoo SN, Mandal S, Adhikary T, Ramesh VK, Mukherjee P, Aich S, Samanta I, Nandi SK, Roy M. Synergistic Improvement of Antibacterial and Osteogenic Differentiation of Thermomechanically Processed Mg-Zr-Sr-Ce Alloy: Insights into the Role of Precipitate Evolution Supported by AIMD Simulation Study. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:2762-2780. [PMID: 38629138 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, we have discussed the influence of forging temperature (623 K (FT623), 723 K (FT723) and 823 K (FT823)) on microstructure and texture evolution and its implication on mechanical behavior, in vitro-in vivo biocorrosion, antibacterial response, and cytocompatibility of microalloyed Mg-Zr-Sr-Ce alloy. Phase analysis, SEM, and TEM characterization confirm the presence of Mg12Ce precipitate, and its stability was further validated by performing ab initio molecular dynamic simulation study. FT723 exhibits strengthened basal texture, higher fraction of second phases, and particle-stimulated nucleation-assisted DRX grains compared to other two specimens, resulting in superior strength with comparable ductility. FT723 also exhibits superior corrosion resistance mainly due to the strengthened basal texture and lower dislocation density. All the specimens exhibit excellent antibacterial behavior with Gram-negative E. coli, Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. 100% reduction of bacterial growth is observed within 24 h of culture of the specimens. Cytocompatibility was determined by challenging specimen extracts with the MC3T3-E1 cell lines. FT723 specimen exhibits the highest cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) because of its superior corrosion resistance. The ability of the specimens to be used in orthopedic implant application was evaluated by in vivo study in rabbit femur. Neither tissue-related infection nor the detrimental effect surrounding the implant was confirmed from histological analysis. Significant higher bone regeneration surrounding the FT723 specimen was observed in SEM analysis and fluorochrome labeling. After 60 days, the FT723 specimen exhibits the highest bone formation, suggesting it is a suitable candidate for orthopedic implant application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyabrata Nigamananda Sahoo
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology - Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Santanu Mandal
- School of Minerals, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Arugul, Jatni, Khurda, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Tapasendra Adhikary
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology - Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Vaishak Kundudi Ramesh
- Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, India
| | - Prasenjit Mukherjee
- Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, India
| | - Shampa Aich
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology - Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Indranil Samanta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, India
| | - Samit Kumar Nandi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, India
| | - Mangal Roy
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology - Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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Nie M, Zhang J, Bal M, Duran C, An SW, Zigman JM, Baum M, Hiremath C, Marciano DK, Wolf MTF. Ghrelin enhances tubular magnesium absorption in the kidney. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1363708. [PMID: 38638279 PMCID: PMC11024433 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1363708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis after bariatric surgery is an increasing health concern as the rate of bariatric surgery has risen. In animal studies mimicking bariatric procedures, bone disease, together with decreased serum levels of Ca2+, Mg2+ and the gastric hormone Ghrelin were described. Ghrelin regulates metabolism by binding to and activating the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) which is also expressed in the kidney. As calcium and magnesium are key components of bone, we tested the hypothesis that Ghrelin-deficiency contributes to osteoporosis via reduced upregulation of the renal calcium channel TRPV5 and the heteromeric magnesium channel TRPM6/7. We expressed GHSR with TRPV5 or TRPM6/7 channel in HEK293 cells and treated them with purified Ghrelin. Whole-cell current density was analyzed by patch-clamp recording. Nephron-specific gene expression was performed by tubular microdissection followed by qPCR in wild-type (WT) mice, and immunofluorescent imaging of GHSR-eGFP mice. Tubular magnesium homeostasis was analyzed in GHSR-null and WT mice at baseline and after caloric restriction. After Ghrelin exposure, whole-cell current density did not change for TRPV5 but increased for TRPM6/7 in a dose-dependent fashion. Applying the Ghrelin-mimetic (D-Trp7, Ala8,D-Phe10)-α-MSH (6-11) amide without and with the GHSR antagonist (D-Lys3)-GHRP6, we confirmed the stimulatory role of Ghrelin towards TRPM6/7. As GHSR initiates downstream signaling via protein kinase A (PKA), we found that the PKA inhibitor H89 abrogated TRPM6/7 stimulation by Ghrelin. Similarly, transfected Gαs, but not the Gαs mutant Q227L, nor Gαi2, Gαq, or Gα13 upregulated TRPM6/7 current density. In microdissected TALs and DCTs similar levels of GHSR mRNA were detected. In contrast, TRPM6 mRNA was expressed in the DCT and also detected in the TAL at 25% expression compared to DCT. Immunofluorescent studies using reporter GHSR-eGFP mice showed a strong eGFP signal in the TAL but surprisingly displayed no eGFP signal in the DCT. In 3-, 6-, and 9-month-old GHSR-null and WT mice, baseline serum magnesium was not significantly different, but 24-h urinary magnesium excretion was elevated in 9-month-old GHSR-null mice. In calorically restricted GHSR-null mice, we detected excess urinary magnesium excretion and reduced serum magnesium levels compared to WT mice. The kidneys from calorically restricted WT mice showed upregulated gene expression of magnesiotropic genes Hnf1b, Cldn-16, Cldn-19, Fxyd-2b, and Parvalbumin compared to GHSR-null mice. Our in vitro studies show that Ghrelin stimulates TRPM6/7 via GHSR and Gαs-PKA signaling. The murine studies are consistent with Ghrelin-GHSR signaling inducing reduced urinary magnesium excretion, particularly in calorically restricted mice when Ghrelin levels are elevated. This effect may be mediated by Ghrelin-upregulation of TRPM6 in the TAL and/or upregulation of other magnesiotropic genes. We postulate that rising Ghrelin levels with hunger contribute to increased renal Mg2+ reabsorption to compensate for lack of enteral Mg2+ uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Nie
- Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Jing Zhang
- Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Manjot Bal
- Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Claudia Duran
- Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Sung Wan An
- Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Zigman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Hypothalamic Research, UTSW Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Michel Baum
- Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Chitkale Hiremath
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, and Department of Cell Biology, UTSW Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Denise K. Marciano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, and Department of Cell Biology, UTSW Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Matthias T. F. Wolf
- Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Kim K, Su Y, Kucine AJ, Cheng K, Zhu D. Guided Bone Regeneration Using Barrier Membrane in Dental Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:5457-5478. [PMID: 37650638 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a widely used technique in preclinical and clinical studies due to its predictability. Its main purpose is to prevent the migration of soft tissue into the osseous wound space, while allowing osseous cells to migrate to the site. GBR is classified into two main categories: resorbable and non-resorbable membranes. Resorbable membranes do not require a second surgery but tend to have a short resorption period. Conversely, non-resorbable membranes maintain their mechanical strength and prevent collapse. However, they require removal and are susceptible to membrane exposure. GBR is often used with bone substitute graft materials to fill the defect space and protect the bone graft. The membrane can also undergo various modifications, such as surface modification and biological factor loading, to improve barrier functions and bone regeneration. In addition, bone regeneration is largely related to osteoimmunology, a new field that focuses on the interactions between bone and the immune system. Understanding these interactions can help in developing new treatments for bone diseases and injuries. Overall, GBR has the potential to be a powerful tool in promoting bone regeneration. Further research in this area could lead to advancements in the field of bone healing. This review will highlight resorbable and non-resorbable membranes with cellular responses during bone regeneration, provide insights into immunological response during bone remodeling, and discuss antibacterial features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakyung Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Yingchao Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Allan J Kucine
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Ke Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York City, New York 10027, United States
| | - Donghui Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
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Gelli R, Ridi F. An Overview of Magnesium-Phosphate-Based Cements as Bone Repair Materials. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:424. [PMID: 37623668 PMCID: PMC10455751 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14080424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the search for effective biomaterials for bone repair, magnesium phosphate cements (MPCs) are nowadays gaining importance as bone void fillers thanks to their many attractive features that overcome some of the limitations of the well-investigated calcium-phosphate-based cements. The goal of this review was to highlight the main properties and applications of MPCs in the orthopedic field, focusing on the different types of formulations that have been described in the literature, their main features, and the in vivo and in vitro response towards them. The presented results will be useful to showcase the potential of MPCs in the orthopedic field and will suggest novel strategies to further boost their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Francesca Ridi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff” and CSGI Consortium, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy;
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Skalny AV, Aschner M, Silina EV, Stupin VA, Zaitsev ON, Sotnikova TI, Tazina SI, Zhang F, Guo X, Tinkov AA. The Role of Trace Elements and Minerals in Osteoporosis: A Review of Epidemiological and Laboratory Findings. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1006. [PMID: 37371586 DOI: 10.3390/biom13061006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to review recent epidemiological and clinical data on the association between selected minerals and trace elements and osteoporosis, as well as to discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying these associations. We have performed a search in the PubMed-Medline and Google Scholar databases using the MeSH terms "osteoporosis", "osteogenesis", "osteoblast", "osteoclast", and "osteocyte" in association with the names of particular trace elements and minerals through 21 March 2023. The data demonstrate that physiological and nutritional levels of trace elements and minerals promote osteogenic differentiation through the up-regulation of BMP-2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, as well as other pathways. miRNA and epigenetic effects were also involved in the regulation of the osteogenic effects of trace minerals. The antiresorptive effect of trace elements and minerals was associated with the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. At the same time, the effect of trace elements and minerals on bone health appeared to be dose-dependent with low doses promoting an osteogenic effect, whereas high doses exerted opposite effects which promoted bone resorption and impaired bone formation. Concomitant with the results of the laboratory studies, several clinical trials and epidemiological studies demonstrated that supplementation with Zn, Mg, F, and Sr may improve bone quality, thus inducing antiosteoporotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatoly V Skalny
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, Institute of Biodesign and Modeling of Complex Systems, Department of Therapy of the Institute of Postgraduate Education, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Ekaterina V Silina
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, Institute of Biodesign and Modeling of Complex Systems, Department of Therapy of the Institute of Postgraduate Education, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor A Stupin
- Department of Hospital Surgery No. 1, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg N Zaitsev
- Department of Physical Education, Yaroslavl State Technical University, 150023 Yaroslavl, Russia
| | - Tatiana I Sotnikova
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, Institute of Biodesign and Modeling of Complex Systems, Department of Therapy of the Institute of Postgraduate Education, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
- City Clinical Hospital n. a. S.P. Botkin of the Moscow City Health Department, 125284 Moscow, Russia
| | - Serafima Ia Tazina
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, Institute of Biodesign and Modeling of Complex Systems, Department of Therapy of the Institute of Postgraduate Education, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xiong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Health Science Center, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Laboratory of Ecobiomonitoring and Quality Control, Yaroslavl State University, 150003 Yaroslavl, Russia
- Center of Bioelementology and Human Ecology, Institute of Biodesign and Modeling of Complex Systems, Department of Therapy of the Institute of Postgraduate Education, IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119435 Moscow, Russia
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6
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Liu M, Liu H, Feng F, Krook-Magnuson E, Dudley SC. TRPM7 kinase mediates hypomagnesemia-induced seizure-related death. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7855. [PMID: 37188671 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypomagnesemia (HypoMg) can cause seizures and death, but the mechanism is unknown. Transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M 7 (TRPM7) is a Mg transporter with both channel and kinase function. In this study, we focused on the kinase role of TRPM7 in HypoMg-induced seizures and death. Wild type C57BL/6J mice and transgenic mice with a global homozygous mutation in the TRPM7 kinase domain (TRPM7K1646R, with no kinase function) were fed with control diet or a HypoMg diet. After 6 weeks of HypoMg diet, mice had significantly decreased serum Mg, elevated brain TRPM7, and a significant rate of death, with females being most susceptible. Deaths were immediately preceded by seizure events. TRPM7K1646R mice showed resistance to seizure-induced death. HypoMg-induced brain inflammation and oxidative stress were suppressed by TRPM7K1646R. Compared to their male counterparts, HypoMg female mice had higher levels of inflammation and oxidative stress in the hippocampus. We concluded that TRPM7 kinase function contributes seizure-induced deaths in HypoMg mice and that inhibiting the kinase reduced inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Liu
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, The Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, 2231 6th Street SE, CCRB 4-141, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, The Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, 2231 6th Street SE, CCRB 4-141, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Feng Feng
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, The Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, 2231 6th Street SE, CCRB 4-141, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Esther Krook-Magnuson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Samuel C Dudley
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, The Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, 2231 6th Street SE, CCRB 4-141, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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7
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Sahoo SN, Mandal S, Khan R, Dutta S, Pal S, Ghosh D, Nandi SK, Roy M. Synergistic Effects of Cerium and Hot Forging on Biodegradation, Antibacterial Properties, and In Vivo Biocompatibility of Microalloyed Mg-Zr-Sr Alloys. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:2495-2513. [PMID: 37121911 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable magnesium (Mg)-based alloys are potential candidates for orthopedic applications. In the present study, we have discussed the effect of cerium (Ce) addition and hot forging on mechanical properties, in vitro-in vivo corrosion, antibacterial activity, and cytocompatibility of microalloyed Mg-0.2Zr-0.1Sr-xCe (x = 0 [MZS], 0.5 wt % [MZS-Ce]) alloys. Addition of 0.5 wt % Ce to forged MZS alloys leads to strengthening of the basal texture as well as formation of a higher fraction of dynamic recrystallized (DRX) grains. Hot forging and addition of cerium to the MZS alloy improve both the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength of the forged MZS-Ce alloy by 1.39 and 1.21 times, respectively, compared to those of the forged MZS alloy. The potentiodynamic polarization test in Hank's solution indicates that the corrosion resistance of the forged MZS alloy improves with addition of 0.5 wt % Ce. Uniform distribution of Mg12Ce precipitates, a higher DRX fraction, strengthened texture, and formation of a compact CeO2 passive layer result in 1.68 times reduction in the immersion corrosion rate of the forged MZS-Ce alloy compared to that of the forged MZS alloy. Addition of Ce to the MZS alloy shows excellent antibacterial activity. The forged MZS-Ce alloy exhibited the highest antibacterial efficacy (76.73%). All the alloys show favorable cytocompatibility and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity with MC3T3-E1 cells. The improved corrosion resistance of the forged MZS-Ce alloy (95%) leads to higher cell viability compared to that of the forged MZS alloy (85%). In vivo biodegradation and the ability to generate new bones were analyzed by implanting cylindrical samples in the rabbit femur. Histological analysis showed no adverse effects around the implants. Gradual degradation of the implants and higher new bone formation around the forged MZS-Ce sample were confirmed by micro-CT analysis. Bone regeneration around the implants (58.21%) was validated by flurochrome labeling. After 60 days, the forged MZS-Ce alloy showed controlled corrosion and better bone-implant integration, presenting it as a potential candidate for internal fracture fixation materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyabrata Nigamananda Sahoo
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology─Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Santanu Mandal
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology─Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Rabiul Khan
- Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, India
| | - Sourav Dutta
- Advanced Technology Development Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Surasree Pal
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology─Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Debaki Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, India
| | - Samit Kumar Nandi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, India
| | - Mangal Roy
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology─Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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Zhang M, Yang N, Dehghan-Manshadi A, Venezuela J, Bermingham MJ, Dargusch MS. Fabrication and Properties of Biodegradable Akermanite-Reinforced Fe35Mn Alloys for Temporary Orthopedic Implant Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:1261-1273. [PMID: 36808972 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
As a representative of the biodegradable iron (Fe)-manganese (Mn) alloys, Fe35Mn has been investigated as a promising biodegradable metal biomaterial for orthopedic applications. However, its slow degradation rate, though better than pure Fe, and poor bioactivity are concerns that retard its clinical applications. Akermanite (Ca2MgSi2O7, Ake) is a silicate-based bioceramic, showing desirable degradability and bioactivity for bone repair. In the present work, Fe35Mn/Ake composites were prepared via a powder metallurgy route. The effect of different contents of Ake (0, 10, 30, 50 vol %) on the microstructure, mechanical properties, degradation, and biocompatibility of the composites was investigated. The ceramic phases were found to be evenly distributed in the metal matrix. The Ake reacted with Fe35Mn and generated CaFeSiO4 during sintering. The addition of Ake increased the relative density of pure Fe35Mn from ∼90 to ∼94-97%. The compressive yield strength (CYS) and elastic modulus (Ec) increased with increasing Ake, with Fe35Mn/50Ake exhibiting the highest CYS of ∼403 MPa and Ec of ∼18 GPa. However, the ductility decreased at higher Ake concentrations (30 and 50%). Microhardness also showed an increasing trend with the addition of Ake. Electrochemical measurements indicated that higher concentrations of Ake (30 and 50%) could potentially increase the corrosion rate of Fe35Mn from ∼0.25 to ∼0.39 mm/year. However, all of the compositions tested did not show measurable weight loss after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 4 weeks, attributed to the use of prealloyed raw material, high sintered density of the fabricated composites, and the formation of a dense Ca-, P-, and O-rich layer on the surface. Human osteoblasts on Fe35Mn/Ake composites showed increasing viability with increasing Ake content, indicating improved in vitro biocompatibility. These preliminary results suggest that Fe35Mn/Ake can be a potential material for biodegradable bone implant applications, particularly Fe35Mn/30Ake, if the slow corrosion of the composite can be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meili Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Nan Yang
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ali Dehghan-Manshadi
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Venezuela
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Michael J Bermingham
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew S Dargusch
- School of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Juesas A, Gargallo P, Gene-Morales J, Babiloni-López C, Saez-Berlanga A, Jiménez-Martínez P, Casaña J, Benitez-Martinez JC, Ramirez-Campillo R, Chulvi-Medrano I, Colado JC. Effects of Microfiltered Seawater Intake and Variable Resistance Training on Strength, Bone Health, Body Composition, and Quality of Life in Older Women: A 32-Week Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4700. [PMID: 36981609 PMCID: PMC10048547 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim was to explore the effects of a 32-week resistance training (RT) intervention with elastic bands with or without microfiltered seawater (SW) supplementation on isokinetic strength, bone mineral density (BMD), body composition, and subjective quality of life in postmenopausal women. Ninety-three untrained women (age: 70.00 ± 6.26 years; body mass index: 22.05 ± 3.20 kg/m2; body fat: 37.77 ± 6.38%; 6.66 ± 1.01 s up-and-go test) voluntarily participated in this randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial. Participants were allocated into four groups (RT+SW, RT+PLA, CON+SW, and CON+PLA). The RT intervention (twice weekly) consisted of different exercises for the whole body performed at submaximal intensities with elastic bands. Both control groups were not involved in any exercise program. A two-way mixed analysis of variance of repeated measures revealed significant improvements in almost all the variables in both intervention groups (p < 0.05). However, significant differences with controls were encountered in isokinetic strength, body fat percentage, and bodily pain. Although the group with SW supplementation obtained greater effect sizes, non-significant differences between both RT groups were observed. In conclusion, the determinant factor of the adaptations seems to be RT rather than SW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Juesas
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pedro Gargallo
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Javier Gene-Morales
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Babiloni-López
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Angel Saez-Berlanga
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pablo Jiménez-Martínez
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- ICEN Institute, 28840 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Casaña
- Exercise Intervention for Health Research Group (EXINH-RG), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Josep C. Benitez-Martinez
- Research Group in Physiotherapy Technology and Recovering (FTR), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences Laboratory, School of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 7591538, Chile
| | - Ivan Chulvi-Medrano
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan C. Colado
- Research Group in Prevention and Health in Exercise and Sport (PHES), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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10
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The Localized Ionic Microenvironment in Bone Modelling/Remodelling: A Potential Guide for the Design of Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Engineering. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14020056. [PMID: 36826855 PMCID: PMC9959312 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14020056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone is capable of adjusting size, shape, and quality to maintain its strength, toughness, and stiffness and to meet different needs of the body through continuous remodeling. The balance of bone homeostasis is orchestrated by interactions among different types of cells (mainly osteoblasts and osteoclasts), extracellular matrix, the surrounding biological milieus, and waste products from cell metabolisms. Inorganic ions liberated into the localized microenvironment during bone matrix degradation not only form apatite crystals as components or enter blood circulation to meet other bodily needs but also alter cellular activities as molecular modulators. The osteoinductive potential of inorganic motifs of bone has been gradually understood since the last century. Still, few have considered the naturally generated ionic microenvironment's biological roles in bone remodeling. It is believed that a better understanding of the naturally balanced ionic microenvironment during bone remodeling can facilitate future biomaterial design for bone tissue engineering in terms of the modulatory roles of the ionic environment in the regenerative process.
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11
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Oost LJ, Tack CJ, de Baaij JHF. Hypomagnesemia and Cardiovascular Risk in Type 2 Diabetes. Endocr Rev 2022; 44:357-378. [PMID: 36346820 PMCID: PMC10166267 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnac028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hypomagnesemia is tenfold more common in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), compared to the healthy population. Factors that are involved in this high prevalence are low Mg2+ intake, gut microbiome composition, medication use and presumably genetics. Hypomagnesemia is associated with insulin resistance, which subsequently increases the risk to develop T2D or deteriorates glycaemic control in existing diabetes. Mg2+ supplementation decreases T2D associated features like dyslipidaemia and inflammation; which are important risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Epidemiological studies have shown an inverse association between serum Mg2+ and the risk to develop heart failure (HF), atrial fibrillation (AF) and microvascular disease in T2D. The potential protective effect of Mg2+ on HF and AF may be explained by reduced oxidative stress, fibrosis and electrical remodeling in the heart. In microvascular disease, Mg2+ reduces the detrimental effects of hyperglycemia and improves endothelial dysfunction. Though, clinical studies assessing the effect of long-term Mg2+ supplementation on CVD incidents are lacking and gaps remain on how Mg2+ may reduce CVD risk in T2D. Despite the high prevalence of hypomagnesemia in people with T2D, routine screening of Mg2+ deficiency to provide Mg2+ supplementation when needed is not implemented in clinical care as sufficient clinical evidence is lacking. In conclusion, hypomagnesemia is common in people with T2D and is both involved as cause, probably through molecular mechanisms leading to insulin resistance, and consequence and is prospectively associated with development of HF, AF and microvascular complications. Whether long-term supplementation of Mg2+ is beneficial, however, remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynette J Oost
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cees J Tack
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen H F de Baaij
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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12
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Jolic M, Sharma S, Palmquist A, Shah FA. The impact of medication on osseointegration and implant anchorage in bone determined using removal torque-A review. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10844. [PMID: 36276721 PMCID: PMC9582727 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Permanently anchored metal implants are frequently used in dental, craniomaxillofacial, and orthopaedic rehabilitation. The success of such therapies is owed to the phenomenon of osseointegration—the direct connection between the living bone and the implant. The extent of biomechanical anchorage (i.e., physical interlocking between the implant and bone) can be assessed with removal torque (RTQ) measurement. Implant anchorage is strongly influenced by underlying bone quality, involving physicochemical and biological properties such as composition and structural organisation of extracellular matrix, extent of micro-damage, and bone turnover. In this review, we evaluated the impact of various pharmacological agents on osseointegration, from animal experiments conducting RTQ measurements. In addition to substances whose antiresorptive and/or anti-catabolic effects on bone are well-documented (e.g., alendronate, zoledronate, ibandronate, raloxifene, human parathyroid hormone, odanacatib, and the sclerostin monoclonal antibody), positive effects on RTQ have been reported for substances that do not primarily target bone (e.g., aminoguanidine, insulin, losartan, simvastatin, bone morphogenetic protein, alpha-tocopherol, and the combination of silk fibroin powder and platelet-rich fibrin). On the contrary, several substances (e.g., prednisolone, cyclosporin A, cisplatin, and enamel matrix derivative) tend to adversely impact RTQ. While morphometric parameters such as bone-implant contact appear to influence the biomechanical anchorage, increased or decreased RTQ is not always accompanied by corresponding fluctuations in bone-implant contact. This further confirms that factors such as bone quality underpin biomechanical anchorage of metal implants. Several fundamental questions on drug metabolism and bioavailability, drug dosage, animal-to-human translation, and the consequences of treatment interruption remain yet unanswered. Effects of pharmacological agents on osseointegration of metal implants are reviewed. Removal torque is considered as an objective measure of osseointegration. Most investigated anabolic agents are alendronate, zoledronate, and ibandronate. hPTH has a positive effect while cyclosporin A and cisplatin have negative effects. Correction of underlying systemic disorders leads to improved osseointegration.
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13
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Marine Plankton-Derived Whitlockite Powder-Based 3D-Printed Porous Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15103413. [PMID: 35629441 PMCID: PMC9147529 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Powder-based 3D printing is an excellent technique for the fabrication of complex structural shapes. The outstanding bone remodeling capacity of calcium phosphate bioceramics is a desirable characteristic for such fabrication. Whitlockite (WH) is a calcium phosphate-based ceramic that contains Mg ions and possesses good mechanical properties, rapid resorbability, and promotes osteogenesis. The aim of this study was to fabricate 3D-printed scaffolds using marine plankton-derived WH (MP-WH) powder. The surface morphology and composition of the fabricated scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The biocompatibility and osteogenic effects were evaluated using human mesenchymal stem cells. We successfully obtained a 3D porous scaffold using MP-WH. The MP-WH 3D scaffold showed improved compressive strength compared to the tricalcium phosphate (TCP) 3D scaffold. The in vitro results showed that compared with TCP 3D scaffolds, MP-WH 3D scaffolds were biocompatible and enhanced cell proliferation and adhesion. In addition, alkaline phosphatase activity and real-time polymerase chain reaction assays demonstrated that osteoblast differentiation was improved on the MP-WH scaffold. These results suggest that marine plankton-derived WH is useful for fabricating 3D-printed scaffolds for bone tissue engineering applications.
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14
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Arancibia-Hernández YL, Aranda-Rivera AK, Cruz-Gregorio A, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Antioxidant/anti-inflammatory effect of Mg 2+ in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Rev Med Virol 2022; 32:e2348. [PMID: 35357063 PMCID: PMC9111052 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), characterised by high levels of inflammation and oxidative stress (OS). Oxidative stress induces oxidative damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA, causing tissue damage. Both inflammation and OS contribute to multi-organ failure in severe cases. Magnesium (Mg2+ ) regulates many processes, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses, as well as the proper functioning of other micronutrients such as vitamin D. In addition, Mg2+ participates as a second signalling messenger in the activation of T cells. Therefore, Mg2+ deficiency can cause immunodeficiency, exaggerated acute inflammatory response, decreased antioxidant response, and OS. Supplementation with Mg2+ has an anti-inflammatory response by reducing the levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin (IL) -6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Furthermore, Mg2+ supplementation improves mitochondrial function and increases the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) content, reducing OS. Therefore, Mg2+ supplementation is a potential way to reduce inflammation and OS, strengthening the immune system to manage COVID-19. This narrative review will address Mg2+ deficiency associated with a worse disease prognosis, Mg2+ supplementation as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapy during and after COVID-19 disease, and suggest that randomised controlled trials are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Karina Aranda-Rivera
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio F-315, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfredo Cruz-Gregorio
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio F-315, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Laboratorio F-315, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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15
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Gelli R, Briccolani-Bandini L, Pagliai M, Cardini G, Ridi F, Baglioni P. Exploring the effect of Mg 2+ substitution on amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 606:444-453. [PMID: 34399361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The study of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (ACP) has become a hot topic due to its relevance in living organisms and as a material for biomedical applications. The preparation and characterization of Mg-substituted ACP nanoparticles (AMCP) with tunable Ca/Mg ratio is reported in the present study to address the effect of Mg2+ on their structure and stability. EXPERIMENTS AMCPs particles were synthesized by precipitation of the precursors from aqueous solutions. The particles were analyzed in terms of morphology, crystallinity, and thermal stability, to get a complete overview of their physico-chemical characteristics. Computational methods were also employed to simulate the structure of ACP clusters at different levels of Mg2+ substitution. FINDINGS Our results demonstrate that AMCP particles with tunable composition and crystallinity can be obtained. The analysis of the heat-induced crystallization of AMCP shows that particles' stability depends on the degree of Mg2+ substitution in the cluster, as confirmed by computational analyses. The presented results shed light on the effect of Mg2+ on ACP features at different structural levels and may be useful guidelines for the preparation and design of AMCP particles with a specific Ca/Mg ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Gelli
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Briccolani-Bandini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Marco Pagliai
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Gianni Cardini
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Ridi
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy.
| | - Piero Baglioni
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy; CSGI, Center for Colloid and Surface Science, via della Lastruccia 3, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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16
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Li G, Cheng T, Yu X. The Impact of Trace Elements on Osteoarthritis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:771297. [PMID: 35004740 PMCID: PMC8732765 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.771297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive degenerative disease characterized by cartilage degradation, synovial inflammation, subchondral sclerosis and osteophyte formation. It has a multifactorial etiology with potential contributions from heredity, endocrine function, abnormal mechanical load and nutrition. Of particular considerations are trace element status. Several trace elements, such as boron and magnesium are essential for normal development of the bone and joint in human. While cadmium correlates with the severity of OA. The present review focuses on the roles of trace elements (boron, cadmium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, selenium, zinc) in OA and explores the mechanisms by which they act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuefeng Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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17
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Dong B, Lv R, Wang J, Che L, Wang Z, Huai Z, Wang Y, Xu L. The Extraglycemic Effect of SGLT-2is on Mineral and Bone Metabolism and Bone Fracture. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:918350. [PMID: 35872985 PMCID: PMC9302585 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.918350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a risk factor for osteoporosis. The effects of T2DM and anti-diabetic agents on bone and mineral metabolism have been observed. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is) promote urinary glucose excretion, reduce blood glucose level, and improve the cardiovascular and diabetic nephropathy outcomes. In this review, we focused on the extraglycemic effect and physiological regulation of SGLT-2is on bone and mineral metabolism. SGLT-2is affect the bone turnover, microarchitecture, and bone strength indirectly. Clinical evidence of a meta-analysis showed that SGLT-2is might not increase the risk of bone fracture. The effect of SGLT-2is on bone fracture is controversial, and further investigation from a real-world study is needed. Based on its significant benefit on cardiovascular and chronic kidney disease (CKD) outcomes, SGLT-2is are an outstanding choice. Bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk evaluation should be considered for patients with a high risk of bone fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzi Dong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruolin Lv
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Che
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhongchao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhouyang Huai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Lili Xu, ; Yangang Wang,
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Lili Xu, ; Yangang Wang,
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18
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Wong PC, Wang RY, Lu LS, Wang WR, Jang JSC, Wu JL, Su TY, Chang LH. Two-Step Approach Using Degradable Magnesium to Inhibit Surface Biofilm and Subsequently Kill Planktonic Bacteria. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111677. [PMID: 34829908 PMCID: PMC8615932 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infection remains a great risk in medical implantation surgery. In this paper, we found that degradable metals may be a feasible alternative option of antibacterial implantation materials. It is known that the spalling mechanism of magnesium (Mg) during degradation leads to Mg ions-induced alkaline environment, which is harmful to planktonic bacteria. In this study, we showed that alkaline pH environment is almost harmless to those adhesive bacteria protected in well-formed biofilms. Moreover, experimental results demonstrated that the biofilm formed in the place where Mg spalls are destroyed, releasing the covered bacteria to be planktonic in the alkaline environment. As a result, the colonization of biofilms continues to shrink during the degradation of Mg. It implies that if degradable metal is employed as implantation material, even if bacterial infection occurs, it may be possibly cured without second surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chun Wong
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Orthopedics Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Yi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (R.-Y.W.); (L.-S.L.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Long-Sheng Lu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (R.-Y.W.); (L.-S.L.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ru Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Jason Shian-Ching Jang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.S.-C.J.); (J.-L.W.); (T.-Y.S.); (L.-H.C.)
| | - Jia-Lin Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Orthopedics Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Centers for Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11600, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.S.-C.J.); (J.-L.W.); (T.-Y.S.); (L.-H.C.)
| | - Tai-Yuan Su
- Department Electrical Engineering, Yuan-Ze University, Chung-Li 32003, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.S.-C.J.); (J.-L.W.); (T.-Y.S.); (L.-H.C.)
| | - Ling-Hua Chang
- Department Electrical Engineering, Yuan-Ze University, Chung-Li 32003, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.S.-C.J.); (J.-L.W.); (T.-Y.S.); (L.-H.C.)
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19
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Ballouze R, Marahat MH, Mohamad S, Saidin NA, Kasim SR, Ooi JP. Biocompatible magnesium-doped biphasic calcium phosphate for bone regeneration. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 109:1426-1435. [PMID: 33484103 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Autologous bone grafting remains the gold standard for almost all bone void-filling orthopedic surgery. However, autologous bone grafting has several limitations, thus scientists are trying to identify an ideal synthetic material as an alternative bone graft substitute. Magnesium-doped biphasic calcium phosphate (Mg-BCP) has recently been in the spotlight and is considered to be a potential bone substitute. The Mg-BCP is a mixture of two bioceramics, that is, hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), doped with Mg2+ , and can be synthesized through chemical wet-precipitation, sol-gel, single diffusion gel, and solid state reactions. Regardless of the synthesis routes, it is found that the Mg2+ preferentially accommodates in β-TCP lattice instead of the HA lattice. The addition of Mg2+ to BCP leads to desirable physicochemical properties and is found to enhance the apatite-forming ability as compared to pristine BCP. In vitro results suggest that the Mg-BCP is bioactive and not toxic to cells. Implantation of Mg-BCP in in vivo models further affirmed its biocompatibility and efficacy as a bone substitute. However, like the other bioceramics, the optimum physicochemical properties of the Mg-BCP scaffold have yet to be determined. Further investigations are required regarding Mg-BCP applications in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Ballouze
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Hanif Marahat
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
| | - Sharlina Mohamad
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Nor Aini Saidin
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
| | - Shah Rizal Kasim
- School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal, Malaysia
| | - Jer Ping Ooi
- Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
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20
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Pickering ME. Cross-Talks between the Cardiovascular Disease-Sarcopenia-Osteoporosis Triad and Magnesium in Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22169102. [PMID: 34445808 PMCID: PMC8396464 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22169102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) is a pivotal and very complex component of healthy aging in the cardiovascular-muscle-bone triad. Low Mg levels and low Mg intake are common in the general aging population and are associated with poorer outcomes than higher levels, including vascular calcification, endothelial dysfunction, osteoporosis, or muscle dysfunction/sarcopenia. While Mg supplementation appears to reverse these processes and benefit the triad, more randomized clinical trials are needed. These will allow improvement of preventive and curative strategies and propose guidelines regarding the pharmaceutical forms and the dosages and durations of treatment in order to optimize and adapt Mg prescription for healthy aging and for older vulnerable persons with comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eva Pickering
- Rheumatology Department, CHU Gabriel Montpied, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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21
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Omidi M, Ahmad Agha N, Müller A, Feyerabend F, Helmholz H, Willumeit-Römer R, Schlüter H, Luthringer-Feyerabend BJC. Investigation of the impact of magnesium versus titanium implants on protein composition in osteoblast by label free quantification. Metallomics 2021; 12:916-934. [PMID: 32352129 DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00028k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metallic implant biomaterials predominate in orthopaedic surgery. Compared to titanium-based permanent implants, magnesium-based ones offer new possibilities as they possess mechanical properties closer to the ones of bones and they are biodegradable. Furthermore, magnesium is more and more considered to be "bioactive" i.e., able to elicit a specific tissue response or to strengthen the intimate contact between the implant and the osseous tissue. Indeed, several studies demonstrated the overall beneficial effect of magnesium-based materials on bone tissue (in vivo and in vitro). Here, the direct effects of titanium and magnesium on osteoblasts were measured on proteomes levels in order to highlight metal-specific and relevant proteins. Out of 2100 identified proteins, only 10 and 81 differentially regulated proteins, compare to the control, were isolated for titanium and magnesium samples, respectively. Selected ones according to their relationship to bone tissue were further discussed. Most of them were involved in extracellular matrix maturation and remodelling (two having a negative effect on mineralisation). A fine-tuned balanced between osteoblast maturation, differentiation and viability was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Omidi
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - N Ahmad Agha
- Institute of Materials Research, Division for Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
| | - A Müller
- Institute of Materials Research, Division for Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
| | - F Feyerabend
- Institute of Materials Research, Division for Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
| | - H Helmholz
- Institute of Materials Research, Division for Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
| | - R Willumeit-Römer
- Institute of Materials Research, Division for Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
| | - H Schlüter
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B J C Luthringer-Feyerabend
- Institute of Materials Research, Division for Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
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22
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Liu M, Liu H, Feng F, Xie A, Kang G, Zhao Y, Hou CR, Zhou X, Dudley SC. Magnesium Deficiency Causes a Reversible, Metabolic, Diastolic Cardiomyopathy. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e020205. [PMID: 34096318 PMCID: PMC8477865 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Dietary Mg intake is associated with a decreased risk of developing heart failure, whereas low circulating Mg level is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality. We investigated whether Mg deficiency alone could cause cardiomyopathy. Methods and Results C57BL/6J mice were fed with a low Mg (low-Mg, 15-30 mg/kg Mg) or a normal Mg (nl-Mg, 600 mg/kg Mg) diet for 6 weeks. To test reversibility, half of the low-Mg mice were fed then with nl-Mg diet for another 6 weeks. Low-Mg diet significantly decreased mouse serum Mg (0.38±0.03 versus 1.14±0.03 mmol/L for nl-Mg; P<0.0001) with a reciprocal increase in serum Ca, K, and Na. Low-Mg mice exhibited impaired cardiac relaxation (ratio between mitral peak early filling velocity E and longitudinal tissue velocity of the mitral anterior annulus e, 21.1±1.1 versus 15.4±0.4 for nl-Mg; P=0.011). Cellular ATP was decreased significantly in low-Mg hearts. The changes were accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction with mitochondrial reactive oxygen species overproduction and membrane depolarization. cMyBPC (cardiac myosin-binding protein C) was S-glutathionylated in low-Mg mouse hearts. All these changes were normalized with Mg repletion. In vivo (2-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-4-ylamino)-2-oxoethyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride treatment during low-Mg diet improved cardiac relaxation, increased ATP levels, and reduced S-glutathionylated cMyBPC. Conclusions Mg deficiency caused a reversible diastolic cardiomyopathy associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative modification of cMyBPC. In deficiency states, Mg supplementation may represent a novel treatment for diastolic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Liu
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineThe Lillehei Heart InstituteUniversity of Minnesota at Twin CitiesMinneapolisMN
| | - Hong Liu
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineThe Lillehei Heart InstituteUniversity of Minnesota at Twin CitiesMinneapolisMN
| | - Feng Feng
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineThe Lillehei Heart InstituteUniversity of Minnesota at Twin CitiesMinneapolisMN
| | - An Xie
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineThe Lillehei Heart InstituteUniversity of Minnesota at Twin CitiesMinneapolisMN
| | - Gyeoung‐Jin Kang
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineThe Lillehei Heart InstituteUniversity of Minnesota at Twin CitiesMinneapolisMN
| | - Yang Zhao
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineThe Lillehei Heart InstituteUniversity of Minnesota at Twin CitiesMinneapolisMN
| | - Cody R. Hou
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineThe Lillehei Heart InstituteUniversity of Minnesota at Twin CitiesMinneapolisMN
| | - Xiaoxu Zhou
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineThe Lillehei Heart InstituteUniversity of Minnesota at Twin CitiesMinneapolisMN
| | - Samuel C. Dudley
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineThe Lillehei Heart InstituteUniversity of Minnesota at Twin CitiesMinneapolisMN
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Hori M, Yasuda K, Takahashi H, Yamazaki C, Morozumi K, Maruyama S. Impact of serum magnesium and bone mineral density on systemic fractures in chronic hemodialysis patients. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251912. [PMID: 34014999 PMCID: PMC8136656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Bone mineral density (BMD) measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) can be used to predict fractures, but its clinical utility has not been fully established in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Magnesium is an essential trace element. Although magnesium is associated with the risk of fractures in non-CKD populations, the relationship is unknown in CKD patients. Methods BMD and serum magnesium levels were measured in 358 stable outpatients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis therapy. The primary outcome was fragility fracture. Patients were divided into groups according to the median level of magnesium and the normal threshold value of lumbar spine BMD. Results During the median follow-up period of 36 months, 36 (10.0%) fractures occurred. The cumulative incidence rates of fractures were 17.6% and 5.2% [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 2.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–5.17, P = 0.030] in the lower (<2.6 mg/dL) and higher (≥2.6 mg/dL) magnesium (Mg) groups, respectively, and 21.2% and 7.3% (aHR 2.59, 95% CI 1.09–6.16, P = 0.027) in the low- and high-BMD groups, respectively. The lower-Mg and low-BMD group had a 9.21-fold higher risk of fractures (95% CI; 2.35–47.00; P = 0.0010) than the higher-Mg and high-BMD group. Furthermore, adding both magnesium levels and lumbar spine BMD levels to the established risk factors significantly improved the prediction of fractures (C-index: 0.784 to 0.830, p = 0.041). Discussion/Conclusions The combination of serum magnesium and lumbar spine BMD can be used for fracture risk stratification and synergistically improves the prediction of fractures in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuko Hori
- Department of Nephrology, Masuko Memorial Hospital, Nakamura-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kaoru Yasuda
- Department of Nephrology, Masuko Memorial Hospital, Nakamura-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takahashi
- Department of Nephrology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Kunio Morozumi
- Department of Nephrology, Masuko Memorial Hospital, Nakamura-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shoichi Maruyama
- Department of Nephrology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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24
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Qiao W, Wong KHM, Shen J, Wang W, Wu J, Li J, Lin Z, Chen Z, Matinlinna JP, Zheng Y, Wu S, Liu X, Lai KP, Chen Z, Lam YW, Cheung KMC, Yeung KWK. TRPM7 kinase-mediated immunomodulation in macrophage plays a central role in magnesium ion-induced bone regeneration. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2885. [PMID: 34001887 PMCID: PMC8128914 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the widespread observations on the osteogenic effects of magnesium ion (Mg2+), the diverse roles of Mg2+ during bone healing have not been systematically dissected. Here, we reveal a previously unknown, biphasic mode of action of Mg2+ in bone repair. During the early inflammation phase, Mg2+ contributes to an upregulated expression of transient receptor potential cation channel member 7 (TRPM7), and a TRPM7-dependent influx of Mg2+ in the monocyte-macrophage lineage, resulting in the cleavage and nuclear accumulation of TRPM7-cleaved kinase fragments (M7CKs). This then triggers the phosphorylation of Histone H3 at serine 10, in a TRPM7-dependent manner at the promoters of inflammatory cytokines, leading to the formation of a pro-osteogenic immune microenvironment. In the later remodeling phase, however, the continued exposure of Mg2+ not only lead to the over-activation of NF-κB signaling in macrophages and increased number of osteoclastic-like cells but also decelerates bone maturation through the suppression of hydroxyapatite precipitation. Thus, the negative effects of Mg2+ on osteogenesis can override the initial pro-osteogenic benefits of Mg2+. Taken together, this study establishes a paradigm shift in the understanding of the diverse and multifaceted roles of Mg2+ in bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qiao
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR., China
| | - Karen H M Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenhao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Zhengjie Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zetao Chen
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Zhujiang New Town Clinic, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jukka P Matinlinna
- Dental Materials Science, Applied Oral Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR., China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex System and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuilin Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuanyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Keng Po Lai
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhuofan Chen
- Zhujiang New Town Clinic, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yun Wah Lam
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Kenneth M C Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kelvin W K Yeung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Innovative Technology in Orthopaedic Trauma, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
- China Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine Group (CORMed), Hangzhou, China.
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Mahato A, De M, Bhattacharjee P, Kumar V, Mukherjee P, Singh G, Kundu B, Balla VK, Nandi SK. Role of calcium phosphate and bioactive glass coating on in vivo bone healing of new Mg-Zn-Ca implant. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2021; 32:55. [PMID: 33961158 PMCID: PMC8105226 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06510-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Present investigation focuses on development and detailed characterization of a new Mg alloy sample (BM) with and without coating of hydroxyapatite (BMH) and bioactive glass (BMG) by air plasma spray method. After detailed mechano-physico-chemical characterization of powders and coated samples, electrochemical corrosion and SBF immersion tests were carried out. Detailed in vitro characterizations for cell viability were undertaken using MG-63 cell line followed by in vivo tests in rabbit model for studying bone healing up to 60 days. Starting current density increases from BM to BMH to BMG indicating highest resistance towards corrosion in case of BMG samples, however BMH also showed highest icorr value suggesting slowest rate of corrosion than BM and BMG samples. Dissolution of calcium ion in case of BMH and BMG control formation of apatite phases on surface. Ca2+ ions of coatings and from SBF solution underwent reduction reaction simultaneously with conversion of Mg to MgCl2 releasing OH- in the solution, which increases pH. Viability and propagation of human osteoblast-like cells was verified using confocal microscopy observations and from expression of bone specific genes. Alkaline phosphatase assay and ARS staining indicate cell proliferation and production of neo-osseous tissue matrix. In vivo, based on histology of heart, kidney and liver, and immune response of IL-2, IL-6 and TNFα, all the materials show no adverse effects in body system. The bone creation was observed to be more for BMH. Although both BMH and BMG show rays of possibilities in early new bone formation and tough bone-implant bonding at interface as compared to bare Mg alloy, however, BMG showed better well-sprayed coating covering on substrate and resistance against corrosion prior implanting in vivo. Also, better apatite formation on this sample makes it more favourable implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Mahato
- Bioceramics and Coating Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Munmun De
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India
| | - Prasenjit Mukherjee
- Veterinary Clinical Complex, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Mohanpur, Nadia, India
| | | | - Biswanath Kundu
- Bioceramics and Coating Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, India.
| | - Vamsi K Balla
- Bioceramics and Coating Division, CSIR-Central Glass and Ceramic Research Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Samit Kumar Nandi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, India.
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Bosiacki M, Gutowska I, Piotrowska K, Lubkowska A. Concentrations of Ca, Mg, P, Prostaglandin E2 in Bones and Parathyroid Hormone; 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; 17-β-estradiol; Testosterone and Somatotropin in Plasma of Aging Rats Subjected to Physical Training in Cold Water. Biomolecules 2021; 11:616. [PMID: 33919152 PMCID: PMC8143118 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to low temperatures can be considered a stressor, which when applied for a specific time can lead to adaptive reactions. In our study we hypothesized that cold, when applied to the entire body, may be a factor that positively modifies the aging process of bones by improving the mechanisms related to the body's mineral balance. Taking the above into account, the aim of the study was to determine the concentration of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and phosphorus (P) in bones, and to examine bone density and concentrations of the key hormones for bone metabolism, namely parathyroid hormone (PTH), somatotropin (GH), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, 17-β estradiol, testosterone (T) in plasma, and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the bone of aging rats subjected to physical training in cold water. The animals in the experiment were subjected to a series of swimming sessions for nine weeks. Study group animals (male and female respectively) performed swimming training in cold water at 5 ± 2 °C and in water with thermal comfort temperature (36 ± 2 °C). Control animals were kept in a sedentary condition. Immersion in cold water affects bone mineral metabolism in aging rats by changing the concentration of Ca, Mg, and P in the bone, altering bone mineral density and the concentration of key hormones involved in the regulation of bone mineral metabolism. The effect of cold-water immersion may be gender-dependent. In females, it decreases Ca and Mg content in bones while increasing bone density and 17-β estradiol and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 levels, and with a longer perspective in aging animals may be positive not only for bone health but also other estrogen-dependent tissues. In males, cold water swimming decreased PTH and PGE2 which resulted in a decrease in phosphorus content in bones (with no effect on bone density), an increase in 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, and increase in T and GH, and may have positive consequences especially in bones and muscle tissue for the prevention of elderly sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Bosiacki
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 54 Str., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Piotrowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72 Str., 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Anna Lubkowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Żołnierska 54 Str., 71-210 Szczecin, Poland;
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Magnesium whitlockite - omnipresent in pathological mineralisation of soft tissues but not a significant inorganic constituent of bone. Acta Biomater 2021; 125:72-82. [PMID: 33610767 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Whitlockite is a calcium phosphate that was first identified in minerals collected from the Palermo Quarry, New Hampshire. The terms magnesium whitlockite [Mg-whitlockite; Ca18Mg2(HPO4)2(PO4)12] and beta-tricalcium phosphate [β-TCP; β-Ca3(PO4)2] are often used interchangeably since Mg-whitlockite is not easily distinguished from β-Ca3(PO4)2 by powder X-ray diffraction although their crystalline structures differ significantly. Being both osteoconductive and bioresorbable, Mg-whitlockite is pursued as a synthetic bone graft substitute. In recent years, advances in development of synthetic Mg-whitlockite have been accompanied by claims that Mg-whitlockite is the second most abundant inorganic constituent of bone, occupying as much as 20-35 wt% of the inorganic fraction. To find evidence in support of this notion, this review presents an exhaustive summary of Mg-whitlockite identification in biological tissues. Mg-whitlockite is mainly found in association with pathological mineralisation of various soft tissues and dental calculus, and occasionally with enamel and dentine. With the exception of high-temperature treated tumoural calcified deposits around interphalangeal and metacarpal joints and rhomboidal Mg-whitlockite crystals in post-apoptotic osteocyte lacunae in human alveolar bone, this unusual mineral has never been detected in the extracellular matrix of mammalian bone. Characterisation techniques capable of unequivocally distinguishing between different calcium phosphate phases, such as high-resolution imaging, crystallography, and/or spectroscopy have exclusively identified bone mineral as poorly crystalline, ion-substituted, carbonated apatite. The idea that Mg-whitlockite is a significant constituent of bone mineral remains unsubstantiated. Contrary to claims that such biomaterials represent a bioinspired/biomimetic approach to bone repair, Mg-whitlockite remains, exclusively, a pathological biomineral. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Magnesium whitlockite (Mg-whitlockite) is a unique calcium phosphate that typically features in pathological calcification of soft tissues; however, an alarming trend emerging in the synthetic bioceramics community claims that Mg-whitlockite occupies 20-35 wt% of bone mineral and therefore synthetic Mg-whitlockite represents a biomimetic approach towards bone regeneration. By providing an overview of Mg-whitlockite detection in biological tissues and scrutinising a diverse cross-section of literature relevant to bone composition analysis, this review concludes that Mg-whitlockite is exclusively a pathological biomineral, and having never been reported in bone extracellular matrix, Mg-whitlockite does not constitute a biomimetic strategy for bone repair.
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In-Vivo Degradation Behavior and Osseointegration of 3D Powder-Printed Calcium Magnesium Phosphate Cement Scaffolds. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14040946. [PMID: 33671265 PMCID: PMC7923127 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium magnesium phosphate cements (CMPCs) are promising bone substitutes and experience great interest in research. Therefore, in-vivo degradation behavior, osseointegration and biocompatibility of three-dimensional (3D) powder-printed CMPC scaffolds were investigated in the present study. The materials Mg225 (Ca0.75Mg2.25(PO4)2) and Mg225d (Mg225 treated with diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAHP)) were implanted as cylindrical scaffolds (h = 5 mm, Ø = 3.8 mm) in both lateral femoral condyles in rabbits and compared with tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Treatment with DAHP results in the precipitation of struvite, thus reducing pore size and overall porosity and increasing pressure stability. Over 6 weeks, the scaffolds were evaluated clinically, radiologically, with Micro-Computed Tomography (µCT) and histological examinations. All scaffolds showed excellent biocompatibility. X-ray and in-vivo µCT examinations showed a volume decrease and increasing osseointegration over time. Structure loss and volume decrease were most evident in Mg225. Histologically, all scaffolds degraded centripetally and were completely traversed by new bone, in which the remaining scaffold material was embedded. While after 6 weeks, Mg225d and TCP were still visible as a network, only individual particles of Mg225 were present. Based on these results, Mg225 and Mg225d appear to be promising bone substitutes for various loading situations that should be investigated further.
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da Silva Lima F, Makiyama EN, Hastreiter AA, de Sousa Castelhano AB, Fock RA. Dietary magnesium restriction affects hematopoiesis and triggers neutrophilia by increasing STAT-3 expression and G-CSF production. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:4481-4489. [PMID: 33485710 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Magnesium (Mg2+) is able to modulate the differentiation and proliferation of cells. Mg2+ restriction can trigger neutrophilia, but the processes that result in this change have yet to be investigated and are not fully understood. Hematopoiesis is a complex process that is regulated by many factors, including cytokines and growth factors, and is strongly influenced by nutrient availability. In this context, our objective was to investigate the impact of the short-term restriction of dietary Mg2+ on bone marrow hematopoietic and peripheral blood cells, especially in processes related to granulocyte differentiation and proliferation. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a Mg2+ restricted diet (50 mg Mg2+/kg diet) for 4 weeks. Cell blood count and bone marrow cell count were evaluated. Bone marrow cells were also characterized by flow cytometry. Gene expression and cytokine production were evaluated, and a colony-forming cell assay related to granulocyte differentiation and proliferation was performed. RESULTS Short-term dietary restriction of Mg2+ resulted in peripheral neutrophilia associated with an increased number of granulocytic precursors in the bone marrow. Additionally, Mg2+ restriction resulted in an increased number of granulocytic colonies formed in vitro. Moreover, the Mg2+ restricted group showed increased expression of CSF3 and CEBPα genes as well as increased production of G-CSF in association with increased expression of STAT3 protein. CONCLUSION Short-term dietary restriction of Mg2+ induces granulopoiesis by increasing G-CSF production and activating the CEBPα and STAT-3 pathways, resulting in neutrophilia in peripheral blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana da Silva Lima
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Naoto Makiyama
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Araceli Aparecida Hastreiter
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Agatha Brida de Sousa Castelhano
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Ambrosio Fock
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Mathew AA, Panonnummal R. 'Magnesium'-the master cation-as a drug-possibilities and evidences. Biometals 2021; 34:955-986. [PMID: 34213669 PMCID: PMC8249833 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00328-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is the 2nd most abundant intracellular cation, which participates in various enzymatic reactions; there by regulating vital biological functions. Magnesium (Mg2+) can regulate several cations, including sodium, potassium, and calcium; it consequently maintains physiological functions like impulse conduction, blood pressure, heart rhythm, and muscle contraction. But, it doesn't get much attention in account with its functions, making it a "Forgotten cation". Like other cations, maintenance of the normal physiological level of Mg2+ is important. Its deficiency is associated with various diseases, which point out to the importance of Mg2+ as a drug. The roles of Mg2+ such as natural calcium antagonist, glutamate NMDA receptor blocker, vasodilator, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent are responsible for its therapeutic benefits. Various salts of Mg2+ are currently in clinical use, but their application is limited. This review collates all the possible mechanisms behind the behavior of magnesium as a drug at different disease conditions with clinical shreds of evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Ann Mathew
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre, Amrita VishwaVidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India
| | - Rajitha Panonnummal
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Science & Research Centre, Amrita VishwaVidyapeetham, Kochi, 682041, India.
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Pires LCDA, da Silva RC, Poli PP, Ruas Esgalha F, Hadad H, Palin LP, Piquera Santos AF, Teixiera Colombo L, Kawamata de Jesus L, Bassi APF, Maiorana C, Okamoto R, de Carvalho PSP, Souza FÁ. Evaluation of Osteoconduction of a Synthetic Hydroxyapatite/β-Tricalcium Phosphate Block Fixed in Rabbit Mandibles. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13214902. [PMID: 33142881 PMCID: PMC7662777 DOI: 10.3390/ma13214902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: This study aimed to evaluate the incorporation of hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate blocks grafted in rabbit mandibles. (2) Methods: Topographic characterization of biomaterial was performed through scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). Ten rabbits randomly received autogenous bone graft harvested from the tibia (Autogenous Group—AG) or synthetic biomaterial manufactured in β-tricalcium phosphate (Biomaterial Group—BG) at their right and left mandibular angles. Euthanasia was performed at 30 and 60 postoperative days; (3) Results: SEM-EDX showed a surface with the formation of crystals clusters. Histological analyses in BG at 30 days showed a slower process of incorporation than AG. At 60 days, BG showed remnants of biomaterial enveloped by bone tissue in the anabolic modeling phase. Histometric analysis showed that mean values of newly formed bone-like tissue in the AG (6.56%/9.70%) were statistically higher compared to BG (3.14%/6.43%) in both periods, respectively. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated early bone formation and maturation in the AG with more intense osteopontin and osteocalcin staining. (4) Conclusions: The biomaterial proved to be a possible bone substitute, being incorporated into the receiving bed; however, it showed delayed bone incorporation compared to autogenous bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Carlos de Almeida Pires
- Implant Dentistry Post-Graduation Program, São Leopoldo Mandic School of Dentistry and Research Center, Campinas, SP 13 045 755, São Paulo, Brazil; (L.C.d.A.P.); (F.R.E.); (P.S.P.d.C.)
| | - Rodrigo Capalbo da Silva
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho—UNESP, Araçatuba, SP 16 015 050, São Paulo, Brazil; (R.C.d.S.); (H.H.); (L.P.P.); (A.F.P.S.); (L.T.C.); (L.K.d.J.); (A.P.F.B.); (F.Á.S.)
| | - Pier Paolo Poli
- Implant Center for Edentulism and Jawbone Atrophies, Maxillofacial Surgery and Odontostomatology Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-55032621
| | - Fernando Ruas Esgalha
- Implant Dentistry Post-Graduation Program, São Leopoldo Mandic School of Dentistry and Research Center, Campinas, SP 13 045 755, São Paulo, Brazil; (L.C.d.A.P.); (F.R.E.); (P.S.P.d.C.)
| | - Henrique Hadad
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho—UNESP, Araçatuba, SP 16 015 050, São Paulo, Brazil; (R.C.d.S.); (H.H.); (L.P.P.); (A.F.P.S.); (L.T.C.); (L.K.d.J.); (A.P.F.B.); (F.Á.S.)
| | - Letícia Pitol Palin
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho—UNESP, Araçatuba, SP 16 015 050, São Paulo, Brazil; (R.C.d.S.); (H.H.); (L.P.P.); (A.F.P.S.); (L.T.C.); (L.K.d.J.); (A.P.F.B.); (F.Á.S.)
| | - Ana Flávia Piquera Santos
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho—UNESP, Araçatuba, SP 16 015 050, São Paulo, Brazil; (R.C.d.S.); (H.H.); (L.P.P.); (A.F.P.S.); (L.T.C.); (L.K.d.J.); (A.P.F.B.); (F.Á.S.)
| | - Luara Teixiera Colombo
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho—UNESP, Araçatuba, SP 16 015 050, São Paulo, Brazil; (R.C.d.S.); (H.H.); (L.P.P.); (A.F.P.S.); (L.T.C.); (L.K.d.J.); (A.P.F.B.); (F.Á.S.)
| | - Laís Kawamata de Jesus
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho—UNESP, Araçatuba, SP 16 015 050, São Paulo, Brazil; (R.C.d.S.); (H.H.); (L.P.P.); (A.F.P.S.); (L.T.C.); (L.K.d.J.); (A.P.F.B.); (F.Á.S.)
| | - Ana Paula Farnezi Bassi
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho—UNESP, Araçatuba, SP 16 015 050, São Paulo, Brazil; (R.C.d.S.); (H.H.); (L.P.P.); (A.F.P.S.); (L.T.C.); (L.K.d.J.); (A.P.F.B.); (F.Á.S.)
| | - Carlo Maiorana
- Implant Center for Edentulism and Jawbone Atrophies, Maxillofacial Surgery and Odontostomatology Unit, Fondazione IRCSS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Roberta Okamoto
- Department of Basic Science, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho—UNESP, Araçatuba, SP 16 015 050, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Paulo Sérgio Perri de Carvalho
- Implant Dentistry Post-Graduation Program, São Leopoldo Mandic School of Dentistry and Research Center, Campinas, SP 13 045 755, São Paulo, Brazil; (L.C.d.A.P.); (F.R.E.); (P.S.P.d.C.)
| | - Francisley Ávila Souza
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho—UNESP, Araçatuba, SP 16 015 050, São Paulo, Brazil; (R.C.d.S.); (H.H.); (L.P.P.); (A.F.P.S.); (L.T.C.); (L.K.d.J.); (A.P.F.B.); (F.Á.S.)
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A Review of the Action of Magnesium on Several Processes Involved in the Modulation of Hematopoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197084. [PMID: 32992944 PMCID: PMC7582682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg2+) is an essential mineral for the functioning and maintenance of the body. Disturbances in Mg2+ intracellular homeostasis result in cell-membrane modification, an increase in oxidative stress, alteration in the proliferation mechanism, differentiation, and apoptosis. Mg2+ deficiency often results in inflammation, with activation of inflammatory pathways and increased production of proinflammatory cytokines by immune cells. Immune cells and others that make up the blood system are from hematopoietic tissue in the bone marrow. The hematopoietic tissue is a tissue with high indices of renovation, and Mg2+ has a pivotal role in the cell replication process, as well as DNA and RNA synthesis. However, the impact of the intra- and extracellular disturbance of Mg2+ homeostasis on the hematopoietic tissue is little explored. This review deals specifically with the physiological requirements of Mg2+ on hematopoiesis, showing various studies related to the physiological requirements and the effects of deficiency or excess of this mineral on the hematopoiesis regulation, as well as on the specific process of erythropoiesis, granulopoiesis, lymphopoiesis, and thrombopoiesis. The literature selected includes studies in vitro, in animal models, and in humans, giving details about the impact that alterations of Mg2+ homeostasis can have on hematopoietic cells and hematopoietic tissue.
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Liu M, Dudley SC. Magnesium, Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E907. [PMID: 32977544 PMCID: PMC7598282 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypomagnesemia is commonly observed in heart failure, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Low serum magnesium (Mg) is a predictor for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality and treating Mg deficiency may help prevent cardiovascular disease. In this review, we discuss the possible mechanisms by which Mg deficiency plays detrimental roles in cardiovascular diseases and review the results of clinical trials of Mg supplementation for heart failure, arrhythmias and other cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, the Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Samuel C. Dudley
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, the Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota at Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Grabeklis AR, Skalny AV, Ajsuvakova OP, Skalnaya AA, Mazaletskaya AL, Klochkova SV, Chang SJS, Nikitjuk DB, Skalnaya MG, Tinkov AA. A Search for Similar Patterns in Hair Trace Element and Mineral Content in Children with Down's Syndrome, Obesity, and Growth Delay. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 196:607-617. [PMID: 31713112 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01938-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to perform comparative analysis of hair trace element and mineral levels in children with Down's syndrome, growth delay, and obesity in order to reveal common and specific patterns. Hair Zn (14, 7, and 15%), Ca (38%, 24%, and 47%), and Mg (33%, 31%, and 49%) levels in children with Down's syndrome, obesity, and growth delay were lower than the respective control values. At the same time, patients with Down's syndrome and growth delay were characterized by 27% and 21%, as well as 24% and 20% lower hair Co as well as Cu content than healthy examinees. Certain alterations were found to be disease-specific. Particularly, in Down's syndrome children, hair Cr, Fe, and V levels were significantly lower, whereas hair P content exceeded the control values. Obese children were characterized by significantly increased hair Cr content. At the same time, hair Mn and Si levels in children with growth delay were lower as compared with the controls. In regression models, all three studied diseases were considered as negative predictors of hair Cu content. Down's syndrome and growth delay, but not obesity, were inversely associated with hair Co content. Both Down's syndrome and obesity were inversely associated with hair Zn content. Based on the revealed similarities in altered hair element, content it is proposed that deficiency of essential elements may predispose Down's syndrome patients to certain syndrome comorbidities including growth delay and obesity, although further detailed studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey R Grabeklis
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia, 150003
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia, 150003.
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia.
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, 119146.
| | - Olga P Ajsuvakova
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia, 150003
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, 119146
| | | | | | - Svetlana V Klochkova
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, 119146
| | - Susan J S Chang
- College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
- Nutrition Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dmitry B Nikitjuk
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, 119146
- The Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarita G Skalnaya
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia, 150003
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, 119146
| | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia, 150003
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- IM Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, 119146
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35
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Chen PC, Lee YC, Jao HY, Wang CP, Jacobs A, Hu K, Chen J, Lo CS, Lee HJ. Supplementation of nanofiltrated deep ocean water ameliorate the progression of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rat via regulating osteoblast differentiation. J Food Biochem 2020; 44:e13236. [PMID: 32478434 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Magnesium was reported to be necessary for bone formation. Previous study indicated nanofiltrated deep ocean water (DOW) rich in magnesium. This study investigated the potential mechanisms of DOW in ameliorating osteoporosis. Briefly, female Sprague-Dawley rat was ovariectomized and fed with 0.35, 0.7, or 1.4 ml/kg of DOW daily for 8 weeks. In the results, DOW increased bone density, decreased trabecular bone loss, and decreased bone adiposity. DOW improved bone mass by examining structure in micro-computed tomography. About 0.35 and 0.7 ml/kg of DOW can increase protein expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), an essential transcription factor for regulating osteoblast differentiation, by 9.4% or 12.9%. In human osteoblast, DOW increased the levels of osteocalcin, RUNX2, and alkaline phosphatase; all the proteins can regulate osteoblast differentiation. Considering the results of in vivo and in vitro study, DOW can ameliorate ovareictomy-caused osteoporosis via regulating the osteoblast differentiation, thereby, maintenance of bone structure. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In addition to calcium, magnesium is essential to promoting the deposition of calcium in bones and regulating its transport; it may also slow the progression of osteoporosis. Nanofiltrated DOW contains abundant magnesium along with several microelements and peptides. In this study, a product was developed for decelerating osteoporosis by using an estrogen depletion model. DOW regulates osteoblast differentiation and thus prevents osteoporosis. This finding provides an alternative healthy source of bone supplements. In addition to tablets or capsules, aqueous supplements can be produced to achieve osteoporosis prevention. This finding is beneficial to the health-care industry for developing sustainable supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chen Chen
- School of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chen Lee
- Department of Nutrition Therapy, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Yu Jao
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ping Wang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Kevin Hu
- Pacific Deep Ocean Biotech Co. Ltd, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jordan Chen
- Pacific Deep Ocean Biotech Co. Ltd, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Shen Lo
- Department of Orthopaediology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Jane Lee
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Pacific Deep Ocean Biotech Co. Ltd, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Medical College, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
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36
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MicroRNA-16, via FGF2 Regulation of the ERK/MAPK Pathway, Is Involved in the Magnesium-Promoted Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3894926. [PMID: 32411326 PMCID: PMC7201663 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3894926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) participate in the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). However, few reports have discussed the effect of miRNAs on the magnesium chloride (MgCl2)-induced promotion of osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, a process involved in the healing of bone tissue. As determined in the present investigation, MgCl2 decreased miR-16 levels; increased levels of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), p-p38, and p-ERK; and promoted the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Enhancement of miR-16 levels by an miR-16 mimic blocked these MgCl2-induced changes. Moreover, luciferase reporter assays confirmed that miR-16 binds to the 3'UTR region of FGF2 mRNA. Down-regulation of FGF2 blocked the MgCl2-induced increases of p-p38 and p-ERK and the promotion of the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Furthermore, over-expression of miR-16 attenuated the MgCl2-induced overproduction of p-p38 and p-ERK1/2 and the high levels of osteogenic differentiation, effects that were reversed by elevated expression of FGF2. In summary, the present findings provide a mechanism by which miR-16 regulates MgCl2-induced promotion of osteogenic differentiation by targeting FGF2-mediated activation of the ERK/MAPK pathway.
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Piotrowska K, Zgutka K, Kupnicka P, Chlubek D, Pawlik A, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. Analysis of Bone Mineral Profile After Prolonged Every-Other-Day Feeding in C57BL/6J Male and Female Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 194:177-183. [PMID: 31175634 PMCID: PMC6987084 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01758-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Intermitted fasting or every-other-day feeding (EOD) has many positive effects in rodents and humans. Our goal was to describe how EOD influences bone mineral composition in female and male mice under prolonged EOD feeding. Male and female adult mice were fed EOD for 9 months. After this time, we used a direct method of measurement of mineral components in ashes of long bones (humerus and radius) to estimate the content of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), and sodium (Na). We also performed histological analysis of sections of long bones. We found no significant changes in mineral composition between ad libitum and EOD fed males and females. We noted higher Ca and P contents in control males vs. females and lower content of Mg in control males vs. females. We observed the presence of marrow adipose tissue (MAT) in sections of EOD-fed females. EOD without supplementation during feeding days did not increase loss of mineral content of bones in C57BL/6J mice, but the presence of MAT only in EOD females indicates a gender-dependent response to EOD treatment in C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Piotrowska
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Zgutka
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kupnicka
- Department of Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, al. Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111, Szczecin, Poland
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38
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Severe magnesium deficiency compromises systemic bone mineral density and aggravates inflammatory bone resorption. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 77:108301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Weiskirchen S, Weiper K, Tolba RH, Weiskirchen R. All You Can Feed: Some Comments on Production of Mouse Diets Used in Biomedical Research with Special Emphasis on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Research. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12010163. [PMID: 31936026 PMCID: PMC7019265 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The laboratory mouse is the most common used mammalian research model in biomedical research. Usually these animals are maintained in germ-free, gnotobiotic, or specific-pathogen-free facilities. In these facilities, skilled staff takes care of the animals and scientists usually don’t pay much attention about the formulation and quality of diets the animals receive during normal breeding and keeping. However, mice have specific nutritional requirements that must be met to guarantee their potential to grow, reproduce and to respond to pathogens or diverse environmental stress situations evoked by handling and experimental interventions. Nowadays, mouse diets for research purposes are commercially manufactured in an industrial process, in which the safety of food products is addressed through the analysis and control of all biological and chemical materials used for the different diet formulations. Similar to human food, mouse diets must be prepared under good sanitary conditions and truthfully labeled to provide information of all ingredients. This is mandatory to guarantee reproducibility of animal studies. In this review, we summarize some information on mice research diets and general aspects of mouse nutrition including nutrient requirements of mice, leading manufacturers of diets, origin of nutrient compounds, and processing of feedstuffs for mice including dietary coloring, autoclaving and irradiation. Furthermore, we provide some critical views on the potential pitfalls that might result from faulty comparisons of grain-based diets with purified diets in the research data production resulting from confounding nutritional factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.W.); (K.W.)
| | - Katharina Weiper
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.W.); (K.W.)
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - René H. Tolba
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science and Experimental Surgery, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.W.); (K.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)241-80-88683
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Chetan, Vijayalakshmi U. A systematic review of the interaction and effects generated by antimicrobial metallic substituents in bone tissue engineering. Metallomics 2020; 12:1458-1479. [DOI: 10.1039/d0mt00127a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Changes brought about by metal ions and metal nanoparticles within bacterial cells and the damage caused to the cellular membrane upon contact with negatively charged surface components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore-632 014
- India
| | - Uthirapathy Vijayalakshmi
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- Vellore Institute of Technology
- Vellore-632 014
- India
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Pollock N, Chakraverty R, Taylor I, Killer SC. An 8-year Analysis of Magnesium Status in Elite International Track & Field Athletes. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 39:443-449. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1691953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Pollock
- British Athletics, National Performance Institute, Athletics Centre (HiPAC), Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- British Athletics Medical Team, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, London, UK
| | - R. Chakraverty
- British Athletics, National Performance Institute, Athletics Centre (HiPAC), Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- Medical Department, The Football Association, Burton, UK
| | - I. Taylor
- National Centre for Sport & Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - S. C. Killer
- British Athletics, National Performance Institute, Athletics Centre (HiPAC), Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Bressendorff I, Hansen D, Pasch A, Holt SG, Schou M, Brandi L, Smith ER. The effect of increasing dialysate magnesium on calciprotein particles, inflammation and bone markers: post hoc analysis from a randomized controlled clinical trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 36:713-721. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfz234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The formation of calciprotein particles (CPPs) may be an important component of the humoral defences against ectopic calcification. Although magnesium (Mg) has been shown to delay the transition of amorphous calcium-/phosphate-containing primary CPP (CPP-1) to crystalline apatite-containing secondary CPP (CPP-2) ex vivo, effects on the endogenous CPP pool are unknown.
Methods
We used post hoc analyses from a randomized double-blind parallel-group controlled clinical trial of 28 days treatment with high dialysate Mg of 2.0 mEq/L versus standard dialysate Mg of 1.0 mEq/L in 57 subjects undergoing maintenance hemodialysis for end-stage kidney disease. CPP load, markers of systemic inflammation and bone turnover were measured at baseline and follow-up.
Results
After 28 days of treatment with high dialysate Mg, serum total CPP (−52%), CPP-1 (−42%) and CPP-2 (−68%) were lower in the high Mg group (all P < 0.001) but were unchanged in the standard dialysate Mg group. Tumour necrosis factor-α (−20%) and interleukin-6 (−22%) were also reduced with high dialysate Mg treatment (both P < 0.01). High dialysate Mg resulted in higher levels of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (a marker of bone formation) (+17%) but lower levels of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5 b (a marker of bone resorption; −33%) (both P < 0.01). Inflammatory cytokines and bone turnover markers were unchanged in the standard dialysate Mg group over the same period.
Conclusions
In this exploratory analysis, increasing dialysate Mg was associated with reduced CPP load and systemic inflammation and divergent changes in markers of bone formation and resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain Bressendorff
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
- Department of Nephrology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Ditte Hansen
- Department of Nephrology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Andreas Pasch
- Calciscon AG, Nidau, Switzerland
- Insitute for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Stephen G Holt
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Morten Schou
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Lisbet Brandi
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Edward R Smith
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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43
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Magnesium Enhances Osteogenesis of BMSCs by Tuning Osteoimmunomodulation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7908205. [PMID: 31828131 PMCID: PMC6885163 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7908205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the process of bone tissue engineering, the osteoimmunomodulatory property of biomaterials is very important for osteogenic differentiation of stem cells, which determines the outcome of bone regeneration. Magnesium (Mg) is a biodegradable, biocompatible metal that has osteoconductive properties and has been regarded as a promising bone biomaterial. However, the high degradation rate of Mg leads to excessive inflammation, thereby restricting its application in bone tissue engineering. Importantly, different coatings or magnesium alloys have been utilized to lower the rate of degradation. In fact, a prior study proved that β-TCP coating of Mg scaffolds can modulate the osteoimmunomodulatory properties of Mg-based biomaterials and create a favorable immune microenvironment for osteogenesis. However, the osteoimmunomodulatory properties of Mg ions themselves have not been explored yet. In this study, the osteoimmunomodulatory properties of Mg ions with involvement of macrophages and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) were systematically investigated. Microscale Mg ions (100 mg/L) were found to possess osteoimmunomodulatory properties that favor bone formation. Specifically, microscale Mg ions induced M2 phenotype changes of macrophages and the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting the TLR-NF-κB signaling pathway. Microscale Mg ions also stimulated the expression of osteoinductive molecules in macrophages while Mg ions/macrophage-conditioned medium promoted osteogenesis of BMSCs through the BMP/SMAD signaling pathway. These findings indicate that manipulating Mg ion concentration can endow the Mg biomaterial with favorable osteoimmunomodulatory properties, thereby providing fundamental evidence for improving and modifying the effect of Mg-based bone biomaterials.
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Abstract
Magnesium is a vital cation that takes part in many cellular processes. Magnesium balance can be disturbed in multiple conditions, and differences in magnesium concentration can be responsible for numerous physiological and pathological processes. Magnesium deficiency is commonly associated with liver diseases, and may result from low nutrient uptake, greater urinary secretion, low serum albumin concentration, or hormone inactivation. In turn, low magnesium content in serum and liver tissue can lead to the progression of these diseases, due to a disruption in mitochondrial function, defective protein kinase C (PKC) translocation, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, or metabolic disorders. Furthermore, magnesium supplementation can improve liver function in certain liver diseases. This paper comprehensively reviews the changes in magnesium concentrations associated with liver cirrhosis, alcoholic liver disease (ALD), liver cancer, and viral hepatitis, and explains how such changes may in turn impact these disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixi Liu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Huayu Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yilei Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) Hospital, PUMC & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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45
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KOZUMA W, KON K, KAWAKAMI S, BOBOTHIKE A, IIJIMA H, SHIOTA M, KASUGAI S. Osteoconductive potential of a hydroxyapatite fiber material with magnesium: In vitro and in vivo studies. Dent Mater J 2019; 38:771-778. [DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru KOZUMA
- Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Kazuhiro KON
- Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Sawako KAWAKAMI
- Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Aung BOBOTHIKE
- Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Hajime IIJIMA
- Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Makoto SHIOTA
- Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Shohei KASUGAI
- Department of Oral Implantology and Regenerative Dental Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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46
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Bavya Devi K, Nandi SK, Roy M. Magnesium Silicate Bioceramics for Bone Regeneration: A Review. J Indian Inst Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-019-00119-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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47
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Sarkar K, Kumar V, Devi KB, Ghosh D, Nandi SK, Roy M. Anomalous in Vitro and in Vivo Degradation of Magnesium Phosphate Bioceramics: Role of Zinc Addition. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:5097-5106. [PMID: 33455257 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo degradation behavior and biocompatibility of magnesium phosphate (MgP) bioceramics and the potential role of zinc (Zn) on degradation were compared. Samples were prepared by conventional solid-state sintering at 1200 °C for 2h. Zn-doped MgP (0.5 wt %) showed 50% less degradation than that of pure MgP after immersion into simulated body fluid (SBF) for 8 weeks. Osteoblast-like cell (MG-63) proliferation was evident in MgP ceramics, which was significantly enhanced upon Zn addition. Both Alamar Blue assay and Live/Dead imaging showed the highest cell attachment and proliferation for 0.5 wt % Zn-doped MgP. In vivo biocompatibility of these MgP ceramics were studied after implantation in the rabbit femur. The micro computed tomography (μ-CT) analysis showed that in vivo degradability increased with the increase in the Zn content which is in contradiction to in vitro degradability. Histological evaluation showed large influx of osteoclast cells to the implantation site for Zn-doped MgP samples compared to that of undoped MgP, which is the primary reason of increased degradability of these samples. After 90 days of implantation, large sections of 0.5 wt % Zn-doped MgP samples were replaced by newly formed bones. Fluorochrome labeling showed 78 ± 3% new bone formation for 0.5 wt % Zn-doped MgP ceramics compared to 56 ± 3% for pure MgP samples. Our findings suggest that the addition of Zn in MgP ceramics alters their sintering and degradation kinetics that leads to decreased in vitro degradation, however, when Zn-doped MgP ceramics were implanted in rabbits, higher degradability was observed due to lower Mg2+ ion concentration in the degradation media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Sarkar
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, India
| | - K Bavya Devi
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
| | - Debaki Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, India
| | - Samit Kumar Nandi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery & Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal & Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, India
| | - Mangal Roy
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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48
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Hu C, Ashok D, Nisbet DR, Gautam V. Bioinspired surface modification of orthopedic implants for bone tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2019; 219:119366. [PMID: 31374482 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical implants have been widely used in various orthopedic treatments, including total hip arthroplasty, joint arthrodesis, fracture fixation, non-union, dental repair, etc. The modern research and development of orthopedic implants have gradually shifted from traditional mechanical support to a bioactive graft in order to endow them with better osteoinduction and osteoconduction. Inspired by structural and mechanical properties of natural bone, this review provides a panorama of current biological surface modifications for facilitating the interaction between medical implants and bone tissue and gives a future outlook for fabricating the next-generation multifunctional and smart implants by systematically biomimicking the physiological processes involved in formation and functioning of bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Hu
- Research School of Engineering, Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Deepu Ashok
- Research School of Engineering, Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - David R Nisbet
- Research School of Engineering, Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Vini Gautam
- John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, ACT, 2601, Australia.
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49
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Chacar FC, Kogika MM, Ferreira AC, Kanayama KK, Reche A. Total serum magnesium in cats with chronic kidney disease with nephrolithiasis. J Feline Med Surg 2019; 21:1172-1180. [PMID: 30694098 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x18823588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Magnesium has been 'the forgotten ion' for many years. Over the past decade, however, the role of magnesium in essential physiological functions and several illness conditions have been elucidated. Nevertheless, the investigation of magnesium in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and nephrolithiasis is yet to be determined. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether CKD cats with nephrolithiasis have changes in total serum magnesium concentrations, and whether magnesium disorders may be associated with other electrolyte disturbances, as well as with prognosis. We also aimed to evaluate whether total serum magnesium concentration differs between CKD cats with and without nephrolithiasis. METHODS Total serum magnesium concentrations were assessed in 42 cats with CKD with stage 1-4 nephrolithiasis. The correlation between magnesium and other electrolytes, as well as Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, were performed. We also selected 14 control cats with CKD without nephrolithiasis age-matched with 14 cats with CKD with nephrolithiasis. RESULTS Hypermagnesemia was observed in 16/42 (38.1%) and hypomagnesemia in 6/42 (14.3%) cats. Serum magnesium abnormalities were observed in cats of all stages, and marked hypermagnesemia was noted in cats with stage 4 CKD with nephrolithiasis (P <0.001). There was a negative correlation between total serum magnesium and ionized calcium (r = -0.64; P <0.01), and a positive correlation between total serum magnesium and serum phosphorus (r = 0.58, P = 0.01). Cats with CKD with nephrolithiasis and hypomagnesemia or hypermagnesemia had higher mortality than those with normal total serum magnesium concentration (P <0.01), regardless of CKD stage. There was no difference in total serum magnesium concentration between CKD cats with and without nephrolithiasis. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Cats with CKD with nephrolithiasis have magnesium abnormalities. Hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia were associated with an increase in mortality, and thus total serum magnesium abnormalities may be used as prognostic factors in these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Chicharo Chacar
- Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science/University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia Mery Kogika
- Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science/University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andréa C Ferreira
- Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science/University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Khadine K Kanayama
- Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science/University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Archivaldo Reche
- Internal Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science/University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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50
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Alioui H, Bouras O, Bollinger JC. Toward an efficient antibacterial agent: Zn- and Mg-doped hydroxyapatite nanopowders. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2019; 54:315-327. [PMID: 30633639 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2018.1550292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The use of synthetic hydroxyapatites (HAps) in biomedical and environmental applications is well warranted given that they have been shown to behave as an excellent bio-compatible material in human teeth and bones. In this paper, a series of HAps doped and co-doped with two metal cations (zinc and magnesium) has been successfully synthesized by means of the precipitation method using CaCl2, Na2HPO4, ZnCl2 and MgCl2 aqueous solutions as reagents. The synthesized samples have been characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF). All samples prepared using over 10 mol% of Zn and Mg ions were identified as HAp. However, the presence of metal cations caused a significant increase in their crystallite sizes (30-50 nm) along with the appearance of a second phase (scholzite, whitlockite). The XRF spectra indicated the presence of Ca, P, Zn and Mg in the powders prepared with a high Metal/P ratio (1.7-2). The antimicrobial activity of these nanopowders has been tested in vitro against five bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as Gram-negative; Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis as Gram-positive) and two fungal strains (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger). The outcomes revealed that these nanopowders exhibited strong antimicrobial activity, starting at 15 mol% of Zn and/or Mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houria Alioui
- a Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Développement Durable, Faculté de Technologie , Université Blida 1 , Blida , Algeria
| | - Omar Bouras
- a Laboratoire Eau Environnement et Développement Durable, Faculté de Technologie , Université Blida 1 , Blida , Algeria
| | - Jean-Claude Bollinger
- b Groupement de Recherche Eau Sol Environnement (GRESE), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques , Université de Limoges , Limoges , France
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