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Przekora A, Kazimierczak P, Wojcik M, Chodorski E, Kropiwnicki J. Mesh Ti6Al4V Material Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting (SLM) as a Promising Intervertebral Fusion Cage. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073985. [PMID: 35409345 PMCID: PMC8999567 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral cages made of Ti6Al4V alloy show excellent osteoconductivity, but also higher stiffness, compared to commonly used polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) materials, that may lead to a stress-shielding effect and implant subsidence. In this study, a metallic intervertebral fusion cage, with improved mechanical behavior, was manufactured by the introduction of a three-dimensional (3D) mesh structure to Ti6Al4V material, using an additive manufacturing method. Then, the mechanical and biological properties of the following were compared: (1) PEEK, with a solid structure, (2) 3D-printed Ti6Al4V, with a solid structure, and (3) 3D-printed Ti6Al4V, with a mesh structure. A load-induced subsidence test demonstrated that the 3D-printed mesh Ti6Al4V cage had significantly lower tendency (by 15%) to subside compared to the PEEK implant. Biological assessment of the samples proved that all tested materials were biocompatible. However, both titanium samples (solid and mesh) were characterized by significantly higher bioactivity, osteoconductivity, and mineralization ability, compared to PEEK. Moreover, osteoblasts revealed stronger adhesion to the surface of the Ti6Al4V samples compared to PEEK material. Thus, it was clearly shown that the 3D-printed mesh Ti6Al4V cage possesses all the features for optimal spinal implant, since it carries low risk of implant subsidence and provides good osseointegration at the bone-implant interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Przekora
- Independent Unit of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (M.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-448-7026
| | - Paulina Kazimierczak
- Independent Unit of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Michal Wojcik
- Independent Unit of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (P.K.); (M.W.)
| | - Emil Chodorski
- ChM sp. z o.o., Lewickie 3b Street, 16-061 Juchnowiec Kościelny, Poland; (E.C.); (J.K.)
| | - Jacek Kropiwnicki
- ChM sp. z o.o., Lewickie 3b Street, 16-061 Juchnowiec Kościelny, Poland; (E.C.); (J.K.)
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2
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Xu C, Wang M, Zandieh-Doulabi B, Sun W, Wei L, Liu Y. To B (Bone Morphogenic Protein-2) or Not to B (Bone Morphogenic Protein-2): Mesenchymal Stem Cells May Explain the Protein's Role in Osteosarcomagenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:740783. [PMID: 34869325 PMCID: PMC8635864 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.740783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS), a primary malignant bone tumor, stems from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and/or committed osteoblast precursors. Distant metastases, in particular pulmonary and skeletal metastases, are common in patients with OS. Moreover, extensive resection of the primary tumor and bone metastases usually leads to bone defects in these patients. Bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) has been widely applied in bone regeneration with the rationale that BMP-2 promotes osteoblastic differentiation of BMSCs. Thus, BMP-2 might be useful after OS resection to repair bone defects. However, the potential tumorigenicity of BMP-2 remains a concern that has impeded the administration of BMP-2 in patients with OS and in populations susceptible to OS with severe bone deficiency (e.g., in patients with genetic mutation diseases and aberrant activities of bone metabolism). In fact, some studies have drawn the opposite conclusion about the effect of BMP-2 on OS progression. Given the roles of BMSCs in the origination of OS and osteogenesis, we hypothesized that the responses of BMSCs to BMP-2 in the tumor milieu may be responsible for OS development. This review focuses on the relationship among BMSCs, BMP-2, and OS cells; a better understanding of this relationship may elucidate the accurate mechanisms of actions of BMP-2 in osteosarcomagenesis and thereby pave the way for clinically safer and broader administration of BMP-2 in the future. For example, a low dosage of and a slow-release delivery strategy for BMP-2 are potential topics for exploration to treat OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Xu
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mingjie Wang
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Behrouz Zandieh-Doulabi
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lingfei Wei
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Oral Implantology, Yantai Stomatological Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Yuelian Liu
- Department of Oral Cell Biology, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Wang Q, Xu L, Helmholz H, Willumeit-Römer R, Luthringer-Feyerabend BJC. Effects of degradable magnesium on paracrine signaling between human umbilical cord perivascular cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:5969-5983. [PMID: 32975550 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00834f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) interact with numerous immune cells that can promote regenerative processes and inhibit inflammatory responses. We hypothesised that the cross-talk between human umbilical cord perivascular cells (HUCPV; an alternative source of MSC) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) could be influenced by degradable transwell magnesium (Mg). To study the correlations between paracrine signaling and specific cellular behaviour during the host response to Mg, we used a transwell coculture system for up to 7 days. The proliferation and viability of both cell types were not significantly influenced by Mg. When HUCPV were cultured with degradable Mg, a moderate inflammation (e.g., lower secretions of pro-inflammatory interleukin 1 beta and IL2, and tumour necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, anti-inflammatory interleukins 4, 5, 10, 13, and 1 receptor antagonists and granulocyte colony stimulating factor), and an increased pro-healing M2 macrophage phenotype were observed. Moreover, when PBMC were cultured with degradable Mg, the expression of migration/wound healing related cytokines (interleukin 8, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α/β) was upregulated, accompanied by an increase in the migration ability of HUCPV (cell scratch assay). In addition, an increased pro-osteogenic potential was demonstrated via an increase of osteoblastic markers (e.g., alkaline phosphatase activity, specific gene expression and cytokine release). These results collectively imply that Mg possesses osteo-immunomodulatory properties. They also help to design Mg-based bone substitute biomaterials capable of exhibiting desired immune reactions and good clinical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Institute of Materials Research, Division for Metallic Biomaterials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (HZG), Geesthacht, Germany.
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4
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Xiao L, Zhou Y, Friis T, Beagley K, Xiao Y. S1P-S1PR1 Signaling: the "Sphinx" in Osteoimmunology. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1409. [PMID: 31293578 PMCID: PMC6603153 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The fundamental interaction between the immune and skeletal systems, termed as osteoimmunology, has been demonstrated to play indispensable roles in the maintenance of balance between bone resorption and formation. The pleiotropic sphingolipid metabolite, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), together with its cognate receptor, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1 (S1PR1), are known as key players in osteoimmunology due to the regulation on both immune system and bone remodeling. The role of S1P-S1PR1 signaling in bone remodeling can be directly targeting both osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis. Meanwhile, inflammatory cell function and polarization in both adaptive immune (T cell subsets) and innate immune cells (macrophages) are also regulated by this signaling axis, suggesting that S1P-S1PR1 signaling could aslo indirectly regulate bone remodeling via modulating the immune system. Therefore, it could be likely that S1P-S1PR1 signaling might take part in the maintenance of continuous bone turnover under physiological conditions, while lead to the pathogenesis of bone deformities during inflammation. In this review, we summarized the immunological regulation of S1P-S1PR1 signal axis during bone remodeling with an emphasis on how osteo-immune regulators are affected by inflammation, an issue with relevance to chronical bone disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis and periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Xiao
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yinghong Zhou
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Thor Friis
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kenneth Beagley
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yin Xiao
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The Australia-China Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Key Laboratory of Oral Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Przekora A. The summary of the most important cell-biomaterial interactions that need to be considered during in vitro biocompatibility testing of bone scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 97:1036-1051. [PMID: 30678895 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineered products (TEPs), which mean biomaterials containing either cells or growth factors or both cells and growth factors, may be used as an alternative to the autografts taken directly from the bone of the patients. Nevertheless, the use of TEPs needs much more understanding of biointeractions between biomaterials and eukaryotic cells. Despite the possibility of the use of in vitro cellular models for initial evaluation of the host response to the implanted biomaterial, it is observed that most researchers use cell cultures only for the evaluation of cytotoxicity and cell proliferation on the biomaterial surface, and then they proceed to animal models and in vivo testing of bone implants without fully utilizing the scientific potential of in vitro models. In this review, the most important biointeractions between eukaryotic cells and biomaterials were discussed, indicating molecular mechanisms of cell adhesion, proliferation, and biomaterial-induced activation of immune cells. The article also describes types of cellular models which are commonly used for biomaterial testing and highlights the possibilities and drawbacks of in vitro tests for biocompatibility evaluation of novel scaffolds. Finally, the review summarizes recent findings concerning the use of adult mesenchymal stem cells for TEP generation and compares the potential of bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived stem cells in regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Przekora
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.
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6
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Antmen E, Ermis M, Demirci U, Hasirci V. Engineered natural and synthetic polymer surfaces induce nuclear deformation in osteosarcoma cells. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 107:366-376. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Antmen
- BIOMATEN, Middle East Technical University (METU); Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering; Ankara Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology; Middle East Technical University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Menekse Ermis
- BIOMATEN, Middle East Technical University (METU); Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering; Ankara Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Middle East Technical University; Ankara Turkey
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Department of Radiology; School of Medicine, Stanford University; Palo Alto CA 94304 USA
| | - Vasif Hasirci
- BIOMATEN, Middle East Technical University (METU); Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering; Ankara Turkey
- Department of Biotechnology; Middle East Technical University; Ankara Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Middle East Technical University; Ankara Turkey
- Department of Biological Sciences; Middle East Technical University; Ankara Turkey
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Liu X, Xie Y, Liu R, Zhang R, Yan H, Yang X, Huang Q, He W, Yu B, Feng Q, Mi S, Cai Q. A cyclo-trimer of acetonitrile combining fluorescent property with ability to induce osteogenesis and its potential as multifunctional biomaterial. Acta Biomater 2018; 65:163-173. [PMID: 29061377 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A biomaterial combining fluorescent property with ability to induce osteogenesis can serve as an ideal multifunctional scaffold in bone tissue engineering. However, the frequently used fluorescent agents can only serve as imaging probes. The polymer or oligomer with a conjugated system containing nitrogen atoms will fulfill these criteria. In this study, a cyclo-trimer of acetonitrile is synthesized using a facile method, which is proved to be 4-amino-2,6-dimethylpyrimidine. The cyclo-trimer of acetonitrile demonstrates strong intrinsic photoluminescence and has the potential for in vivo imaging. The cyclo-trimer of acetonitrile shows no toxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the cyclo-trimer of acetonitrile significantly promotes the osteogenesis of SaOS-2 cells by improving alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen type I and osteocalcin expression, as well as expressions of osteoblastic genes, and enhances the matrix mineralization of rBMSCs. Thus, the cyclo-trimer of acetonitrile synthesized in present study illustrates the employment of this kind multifunctional biomaterial in bone tissue engineering and may offer great potential in biomedical applications where bioimaging and osteogenesis are both required. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE A conjugated cyclo-trimer of acetonitrile combining intrinsic fluorescent property with ability to induce osteogenesis was reported. Different from the traditional fluorescent dye or quantum dots, which are just "imaging agents", the cyclo-trimer of acetonitrile can serve as a multifunctional biomaterial and offer great potential in biomedical applications where bioimaging and osteogenesis are both required. To our best knowledge, the fluorescent property, especially fluorescent property in vivo and the ability of this molecule to induce osteogenesis have not been reported before. Our work illustrates the employment of this kind multifunctional biomaterial in bone tissue engineering and will highlight the importance of multifunctional biomaterial in biomedical applications.
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Iqbal H, Ali M, Zeeshan R, Mutahir Z, Iqbal F, Nawaz MAH, Shahzadi L, Chaudhry AA, Yar M, Luan S, Khan AF, Rehman IU. Chitosan/hydroxyapatite (HA)/hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) spongy scaffolds-synthesis and evaluation as potential alveolar bone substitutes. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 160:553-563. [PMID: 29024920 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar bone loss is associated with infections and its augmentation is a pre-requisite for the success of dental implants. In present study, we aim to develop and evaluate novel freeze dried doxycycline loaded chitosan (CS)/hydroxyapatite (HA) spongy scaffolds where hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) was added as a crosslinker. Scaffolds displayed compressive strength of 14MPa/cm3 and 0.34 as elastic response. The interconnected pore diameter was 41-273μm, favorably provided the template supporting cells and transport. An overall 10% degradation was seen after 14day's studies at pH 7.4 in PBS. Doxycycline hyclate, a frequently used drug to counter oral infections, demonstrated an initial burst release (6-8h), followed by a sustain release profile for the remaining 64h. CS/HA/HPMC scaffolds were nontoxic and promoted pre-osteoblast cell viability as seen with live/dead calcein staining after 24h where scaffolds with 10% and 25% HPMC by weight of scaffold had more viable cells. Scaffolds with 10%, 20% and 25% HPMC by weight of scaffold showed efficient cellular adhesion as seen in scanning electron microscopy images (day 8) indicating that pre-osteoblast cells were able to adhere well on the surface and into the porous structure via cytoplasmic extensions. Hoechst 33258 nuclear staining at day 2 and 8 indicated cell proliferation which was further supported byMTT assay at day 2, 4 and 8. Although all scaffolds supported pre-osteoblast cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining demonstrated that upon induction, differentiation was pronounced in case of scaffolds with 10% HMPC scaffolds. Conclusively, these materials having all the required mechanical and biological properties are potential candidates for alveolar bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haffsah Iqbal
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Moazzam Ali
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, 54590 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Zeeshan
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Mutahir
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, 54590 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farasat Iqbal
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Azhar Hayat Nawaz
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Lubna Shahzadi
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Aqif Anwar Chaudhry
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yar
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shifang Luan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Ather Farooq Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Defence Road, Off Raiwind Road, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Ihtesham-Ur Rehman
- The Kroto Research Institute, North Campus, University of Sheffield, Broad Lane, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK
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Przekora A, Ginalska G. Chitosan/β-1,3-glucan/hydroxyapatite bone scaffold enhances osteogenic differentiation through TNF-α-mediated mechanism. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 73:225-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.12.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Ramaglia L, Di Spigna G, Capece G, Sbordone C, Salzano S, Postiglione L. Differentiation, apoptosis, and GM-CSF receptor expression of human gingival fibroblasts on a titanium surface treated by a dual acid-etched procedure. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 19:2245-53. [PMID: 25895169 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1469-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Analysis of the effects of titanium surface properties on the biological behavior of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). MATERIALS AND METHODS HGFs were in vitro cultured on a titanium surface modified by a dual acid-etched procedure and on a control machined surface. Cell adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis, production of certain extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and expression of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor receptor (GM-CSFR) were investigated using in each experiment a total of 18 samples for each titanium surface. RESULTS Cell attachment at 3 h of culture was statistically significantly higher on the etched surface. HGF growth increased on both surfaces during the entire experimental period and at day 14 of culture cell proliferation was statistically significantly higher on the treated surface than on the control. No statistically significant differences in percentage of apoptosis events were observed between the surfaces. ECM protein production increased progressively over time on both surfaces. A statistically significant deposition was observed at day 7 and 14 for collagen I and only at day 14 for fibronectin and tenascin, when compared to the baseline. GM-CSFR registered a positive expression on both surfaces, statistically significant at day 14 on the etched surface in comparison with the machined one. CONCLUSIONS Data showed that titanium surface microtopography modulates in vitro cell response and phenotypical expression of HGFs. The etched surface promoted a higher cell proliferation and differentiation improving the biological behavior of HGFs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggest a possible beneficial effect of surface etching modification on peri-implant biological integration and soft tissue healing which is critical for the formation of a biological seal around the neck of dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ramaglia
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Di Spigna
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriele Capece
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Carolina Sbordone
- Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Salzano
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology "G. Salvatore", National Council of Research (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Loredana Postiglione
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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Przekora A, Ginalska G. Enhanced differentiation of osteoblastic cells on novel chitosan/β-1,3-glucan/bioceramic scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 10:015009. [PMID: 25586067 DOI: 10.1088/1748-6041/10/1/015009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bone scaffolds for regenerative medicine applications should have the ability to promote adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells. Osteoconductive, osteoinductive and osteopromotive properties of the material are essential for rapid bone regeneration and new bone formation. In this study, the osteogenic potential of two novel tri-component scaffolds composed of krill chitosan, bacterial β-1,3-glucan and bioceramics (HAp or a mix of HAp/β-TCP granules) was investigated. The typical markers of the first (type I collagen), second (bone alkaline phosphatase) and third stages (osteocalcin) of the osteoblast differentiation process were evaluated during in vitro experimentation. The study was carried out using three various osteoblastic cell lines (normal human fetal osteoblast cells hFOB 1.19, human osteoblast-like cells derived from osteosarcoma Saos-2 and mouse calvarial preosteoblast cells MC3T3-E1 Subclone 4). The bone alkaline phosphatase (bALP) and osteocalcin (OC) were determined quantitatively using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and type I collagen (Col I) was evaluated qualitatively using the direct immunofluorescence (DIF) method. The data obtained clearly prove that novel scaffolds have the ability to increase bALP activity, to enhance extracellular matrix synthesis (Col I and OC) and to induce mineralized nodule formation during osteogenic differentiation. In conclusion, novel tri-component materials have osteoconductive and osteopromotive properties, and thus are promising materials in bone tissue engineering applications to accelerate the bone regeneration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Przekora
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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12
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Huo L, Liu K, Pei J, Yang Y, Ye Y, Liu Y, Sun J, Han H, Xu W, Gao Y. Fluoride promotes viability and differentiation of osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells via BMP/Smads signaling pathway. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 155:142-9. [PMID: 23918166 PMCID: PMC3763164 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9770-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The BMP/Smad signaling pathway plays an important role in the viability and differentiation of osteoblast; however, it is not clear whether this pathway is involved in the fluoride-induced osteoblast differentiation. In this study, we investigated the role of BMP/Smad signaling pathway in fluoride-induced osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells differentiation. Cells were exposed to fluoride of different concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 mM), and cell proliferation was determined using WST assays. The expression of osteoblast marker genes such as osteocalcin (BGP) and bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) were detected by qRT-PCR. We found that fluoride enhanced the proliferation of Saos-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner and 0.2 mM of fluoride resulted in a higher expression of osteoblast marker genes. In addition, immunofluorescence analysis showed that the promotion effects of 0.2 mM of fluoride on Saos-2 cells differentiation were associated with the activation of the BMP/Smad pathway. Expression of phosphorylated Smad1/5(p-Smad1/5) was higher in cells exposed to 0.2 mM of fluoride. Plasmid expression vectors encoding the short hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting Smad4 gene were used to block the BMP/Smad pathway, which resulted in a significantly reduced expression of BGP and BALP as well as their corresponding mRNA. The mRNA levels after transfection remained low even in the presence of fluoride. The present results reveal that BMP/Smad signaling pathway was altered during the period of osteogenesis, and that the activities of p-Smad1/5 were required for Saos-2 cells viability and differentiation induced by fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Huo
- Department of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Kangkang Liu
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu China
| | - Junrui Pei
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Hei Long Jiang Province and Ministry of Health (23618104), 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang China
| | - Yanmei Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang China
| | - Yan Ye
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Hei Long Jiang Province and Ministry of Health (23618104), 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang China
| | - Yang Liu
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Hei Long Jiang Province and Ministry of Health (23618104), 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang China
| | - Jing Sun
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Hei Long Jiang Province and Ministry of Health (23618104), 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang China
| | - Hepeng Han
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Hei Long Jiang Province and Ministry of Health (23618104), 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang China
| | - Weimin Xu
- Department of Endemic Diseases Control and Prevention, Hangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
| | - Yanhui Gao
- Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Key Lab of Etiology and Epidemiology, Education Bureau of Hei Long Jiang Province and Ministry of Health (23618104), 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150081 Heilongjiang China
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13
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Romagnoli C, Marcucci G, Favilli F, Zonefrati R, Mavilia C, Galli G, Tanini A, Iantomasi T, Brandi ML, Vincenzini MT. Role of GSH/GSSG redox couple in osteogenic activity and osteoclastogenic markers of human osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells. FEBS J 2012; 280:867-79. [PMID: 23176170 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This study comprised a comprehensive analysis of the glutathione (GSH) redox system during osteogenic differentiation in human osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells. For the first time, a clear relationship between expression of specific factors involved in bone remodeling and the changes in the GSH/oxidized GSH (GSSG) redox couple induced during the early phases of the differentiation and mineralization process is shown. The findings show that the time course of differentiation is characterized by a decrease in the GSH/GSSG ratio, and this behavior is also related to the expression of osteoclastogenic markers. Maintenance of a high GSH/GSSG ratio due to GSH exposure in the early phase of this process increases mRNA levels of osteogenic differentiation markers and mineralization. Conversely, these events are decreased by a low GSH/GSSG ratio in a reversible manner. Redox regulation of runt-related transcription factor-2 (RUNX-2) activation through phosphorylation is shown. An inverse relationship between RUNX-2 activation and extracellular signal-regulated kinases related to GSH redox potential is observed. The GSH/GSSG redox couple also affects osteoclastogenesis, mainly through osteoprotegerin down-regulation with an increase in the ratio of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand to osteoprotegerin and vice versa. No redox regulation of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand expression was found. These results indicate that the GSH/GSSG redox couple may have a pivotal role in bone remodeling and bone redox-dysregulated diseases. They suggest therapeutic use of compounds that are able to modulate not just the GSH level but the intracellular redox system through the GSH/GSSG redox couple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Romagnoli
- Department of Biochemical Science, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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14
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Conserva E, Menini M, Ravera G, Pera P. The role of surface implant treatments on the biological behavior of SaOS-2 osteoblast-like cells. Anin vitrocomparative study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2012; 24:880-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02397.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Conserva
- Department of Fixed and Implant Prosthodontics; Genoa University; Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Menini
- Department of Fixed and Implant Prosthodontics; Genoa University; Genova, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Pera
- Department of Fixed and Implant Prosthodontics; Genoa University; Genova, Italy
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15
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Ramaglia L, Postiglione L, Di Spigna G, Capece G, Salzano S, Rossi G. Sandblasted-acid-etched titanium surface influences in vitro the biological behavior of SaOS-2 human osteoblast-like cells. Dent Mater J 2011; 30:183-92. [PMID: 21422669 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2010-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Osseointegrated dental implants have been successfully used over the past several years, allowing functional replacement of missing teeth. Surface properties of titanium dental implants influence bone cell response. Implant topography appears to modulate cell growth and differentiation of osteoblasts thus affecting the bone healing process. Optimal roughness and superficial morphology are still controversial and need to be clearly defined. In the present study we evaluated in vitro the biological behavior of SaOS-2 cells, a human osteoblast-like cell line, cultured on two different titanium surfaces, smooth and sandblasted-acid-etched, by investigating cell morphology, adhesion, proliferation, expression of some bone differentiation markers and extracellular matrix components. Results showed that the surface topography may influence in vitro the phenotypical expression of human osteoblast-like cells. In particular the tested sandblasted-acid-etched titanium surface induced a significantly increased Co I deposition and α2-β1 receptor expression as compared to the relatively smooth surface, promoting a probable tendency of SaOS-2 cells to shift toward a mature osteoblastic phenotype. It is therefore likely that specific surface properties of sandblasted-acid-etched titanium implants may modulate the biological behavior of osteoblasts during bone tissue healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Ramaglia
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
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16
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Schröder HC, Wiens M, Wang X, Schloßmacher U, Müller WEG. Biosilica-based strategies for treatment of osteoporosis and other bone diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2011; 52:283-312. [PMID: 21877270 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-21230-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a common disease in later life, which has become a growing public health problem. This degenerative bone disease primarily affects postmenopausal women, but also men may suffer from reduced bone mineral density. The development of prophylactic treatments and medications of osteoporosis has become an urgent issue due to the increasing proportion of the elderly in the population. Apart from medical/hormonal treatments, current strategies for prophylaxis of osteoporosis are primarily based on calcium supplementation as a main constituent of bone hydroxyapatite mineral. Despite previous reports suggesting an essential role in skeletal growth and development, the significance of the trace element silicon in human bone formation has attracted major scientific interest only rather recently. The interest in silicon has been further increased by the latest discoveries in the field of biosilicification, the formation of the inorganic silica skeleton of the oldest still extant animals on Earth, the sponges, which revealed new insights in the biological function of this element. Sponges make use of silicon to build up their inorganic skeleton which consists of biogenously formed polymeric silica (biosilica). The formation of biosilica is mediated by specific enzymes, silicateins, which have been isolated, characterized, and expressed in a recombinant way. Epidemiological studies revealed that dietary silicon reduces the risk of osteoporosis and other bone diseases. Recent results allowed for the first time to understand the molecular mechanism underlying the protective effect of silicic acid/biosilica against osteoporosis. Biosilica was shown to modulate the ratio of expression of two cytokines involved in bone formation-RANKL and osteoprotegerin. Hence, biosilica has been proposed to have a potential in prophylaxis and therapy of osteoporosis and related bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heinz C Schröder
- ERC Advanced Grant Research Group, Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, D-55128, Mainz, Germany,
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17
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Abstract
Osteosarcoma is an aggressive but ill-understood cancer of bone that predominantly affects adolescents. Its rarity and biological heterogeneity have limited studies of its molecular basis. In recent years, an important role has emerged for the RUNX2 "platform protein" in osteosarcoma oncogenesis. RUNX proteins are DNA-binding transcription factors that regulate the expression of multiple genes involved in cellular differentiation and cell-cycle progression. RUNX2 is genetically essential for developing bone and osteoblast maturation. Studies of osteosarcoma tumours have revealed that the RUNX2 DNA copy number together with RNA and protein levels are highly elevated in osteosarcoma tumors. The protein is also important for metastatic bone disease of prostate and breast cancers, while RUNX2 may have both tumor suppressive and oncogenic roles in bone morphogenesis. This paper provides a synopsis of the current understanding of the functions of RUNX2 and its potential role in osteosarcoma and suggests directions for future study.
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18
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Wiens M, Wang X, Schlossmacher U, Lieberwirth I, Glasser G, Ushijima H, Schröder HC, Müller WEG. Osteogenic potential of biosilica on human osteoblast-like (SaOS-2) cells. Calcif Tissue Int 2010; 87:513-24. [PMID: 20725824 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-010-9408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biosilica is a natural polymer, synthesized by the poriferan enzyme silicatein from monomeric silicate substrates. Biosilica stimulates mineralizing activity and gene expression of SaOS-2 cells. To study its effect on the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA), SaOS-2 cells were grown on different silicatein/biosilica-modified substrates (bone slices, Ca-P-coated coverslips, glass coverslips). Growth on these substrates induced the formation of HA nodules, organized in longitudinal arrays or spherical spots. Nodules of sizes above 1 μm were composed of irregularly arranged HA prism-like nanorods, formed by aggregates of three to eight SaOS-2 cells. Moreover, growth on silicatein/biosilica-modified substrates elicited increased [(3)H]dT incorporation into DNA, indicative of enhanced cell proliferation. Consequently, an in vitro-based bioassay was established to determine the ratio between [(3)H]dT incorporation and HA formation. This ratio was significantly higher for cells that grew on silicatein/biosilica-modified substrates than for cells on Ca-P-coated coverslips or plain glass slips. Hence, we propose that this ratio of in vitro-determined parameters reflects the osteogenic effect of different substrates on bone-forming cells. Finally, qRT-PCR analyses demonstrated that growth of SaOS-2 cells on a silicatein/biosilica matrix upregulated BMP2 (bone morphogenetic protein 2, inducer of bone formation) expression. In contrast, TRAP (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, modulator of bone resorption) expression remained unaffected. We conclude that biosilica shows pronounced osteogenicity in vitro, qualifying this material for studies of bone replacement also in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Wiens
- Institute for Physiological Chemistry, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University, Duesbergweg 6, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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19
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Therapeutic Implications of PPARgamma in Human Osteosarcoma. PPAR Res 2010; 2010:956427. [PMID: 20182546 PMCID: PMC2825651 DOI: 10.1155/2010/956427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Revised: 11/21/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common nonhematologic malignancy of bone in children and adults. Although dysregulation of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, such as Rb, p53, and the genes critical to cell cycle control, genetic stability, and apoptosis have been identified in OS, consensus genetic changes that lead to OS development are poorly understood. Disruption of the osteogenic differentiation pathway may be at least in part responsible for OS tumorigenesis. Current OS management involves chemotherapy and surgery. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonists and/or retinoids can inhibit OS proliferation and induce apoptosis and may inhibit OS growth by promoting osteoblastic terminal differentiation. Thus, safe and effective PPAR agonists and/or retinoid derivatives can be then used as adjuvant therapeutic drugs for OS therapy. Furthermore, these agents have the potential to be used as chemopreventive agents for the OS patients who undergo the resection of the primary bone tumors in order to prevent local recurrence and/or distal pulmonary metastasis.
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20
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Schnettler R, Knöss PD, Heiss C, Stahl JP, Meyer C, Kilian O, Wenisch S, Alt V. Enhancement of bone formation in hydroxyapatite implants by rhBMP-2 coating. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 90:75-81. [PMID: 19016453 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The combination of hydroxyapatite (HA) implants serving as osteoconductive scaffold with growth factors is an interesting approach for the improvement of bone defect healing. The purpose of this study was to test whether recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) coating of solid HA-implants improves bone formation in a cortical bone defect. Cylindrical trephine mill defects (diameter: 9.8 mm, depth: 10 mm) were created into the cortical tibia shaft of minipigs and subsequently filled either by plain HA cylinders (Endobon) or by rhBMP-2-coated HA cylinders. Fluorochrome labeling for the evaluation of time-dependent bone formation was done on days 8, 9, and 10 postsurgery with tetracyclin-100, at days 25 and 30 with alizarin-komplexon, and finally on days 32, 37, 73, and 79 with calcein green. Twelve weeks after implantation, the tibiae were harvested and were prepared for standard histological staining, fluorochrome analysis, and histomorphometry. Coating of HA implants with rhBMP-2 led to significant enhanced new bone formation of 84.7% (+/-4.6%) of the implant area with almost complete bony incorporation compared with only 27.7% (+/-8.5%) in the uncoated HA implants (p = 0.028). In both types of implants, osteoconduction of HA led to bone ingrowth of the surrounding host bone into the implants. However, only rhBMP-2-coated implants showed multitopic de novo bone formation reflecting the osteoinductive properties of rhBMP-2 in all areas of the HA implant. This study showed that the coating of HA ceramic implants with rhBMP-2 can significantly enhance new bone formation attributable to its osteoinductive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Schnettler
- Department of Trauma Surgery Giessen, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen 35385, Germany.
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21
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Luo X, Chen J, Song WX, Tang N, Luo J, Deng ZL, Sharff KA, He G, Bi Y, He BC, Bennett E, Huang J, Kang Q, Jiang W, Su Y, Zhu GH, Yin H, He Y, Wang Y, Souris JS, Chen L, Zuo GW, Montag AG, Reid RR, Haydon RC, Luu HH, He TC. Osteogenic BMPs promote tumor growth of human osteosarcomas that harbor differentiation defects. J Transl Med 2008; 88:1264-77. [PMID: 18838962 PMCID: PMC9901484 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2008.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignancy of bone. Here, we investigated a possible role of defective osteoblast differentiation in OS tumorigenesis. We found that basal levels of the early osteogenic marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were low in OS lines. Osteogenic regulators Runx2 and OSX, and the late marker osteopontin (OPN) expressed at low levels in most OS lines, indicating that most OS cells fail to undergo terminal differentiation. Furthermore, OS cells were refractory to osteogenic BMP-induced increases in ALP activity. Osteogenic BMPs were shown to upregulate early target genes, but not late osteogenic markers OPN and osteocalcin (OC). Furthermore, osteogenic BMPs failed to induce bone formation from human OS cells, rather effectively promoted OS tumor growth in an orthotopic OS model. Exogenous expression of early target genes enhanced BMP-stimulated OS tumor growth, whereas osteogenic BMP-promoted OS tumor growth was inhibited by exogenous Runx2 expression. These results suggest that alterations in osteoprogenitors may disrupt osteogenic differentiation pathway. Thus, identifying potential differentiation defects in OS tumors would allow us to reconstruct the tumorigenic events in osteoprogenitors and to develop rational differentiation therapies for clinical OS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoji Luo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Wen-Xin Song
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jinyong Luo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhong-Liang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katie A Sharff
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gary He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yang Bi
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bai-Cheng He
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erwin Bennett
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Quan Kang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wei Jiang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yuxi Su
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gao-Hui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hong Yin
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yun He
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Souris
- Optical Imaging Core Facility, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Radiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Guo-Wei Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anthony G Montag
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Russell R Reid
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rex C Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hue H Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education and the Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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22
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Osteosarcoma development and stem cell differentiation. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2008; 466:2114-30. [PMID: 18563507 PMCID: PMC2492997 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-008-0335-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2007] [Accepted: 05/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common nonhematologic malignancy of bone in children and adults. The peak incidence occurs in the second decade of life, with a smaller peak after age 50. Osteosarcoma typically arises around the growth plate of long bones. Most osteosarcoma tumors are of high grade and tend to develop pulmonary metastases. Despite clinical improvements, patients with metastatic or recurrent diseases have a poor prognosis. Here, we reviewed the current understanding of human osteosarcoma, with an emphasis on potential links between defective osteogenic differentiation and bone tumorigenesis. Existing data indicate osteosarcoma tumors display a broad range of genetic and molecular alterations, including the gains, losses, or arrangements of chromosomal regions, inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, and the deregulation of major signaling pathways. However, except for p53 and/or RB mutations, most alterations are not constantly detected in the majority of osteosarcoma tumors. With a rapid expansion of our knowledge about stem cell biology, emerging evidence suggests osteosarcoma should be regarded as a differentiation disease caused by genetic and epigenetic changes that interrupt osteoblast differentiation from mesenchymal stem cells. Understanding the molecular pathogenesis of human osteosarcoma could ultimately lead to the development of diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as targeted therapeutics for osteosarcoma patients.
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23
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Bhattarai SR, Khalil KAR, Dewidar M, Hwang PH, Yi HK, Kim HY. Novel production method and in-vitro cell compatibility of porous Ti-6Al-4V alloy disk for hard tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 86:289-99. [PMID: 17957720 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Porous metals are attractive due to its unique physical, mechanical, and new bone tissue ingrowth properties. In the present study, the production of highly porous Ti-6Al-4V parts by powder metallurgical technology and subsequently it's uses in in vitro bone tissue engineering is described. A space-holder method using carbamide with different particle size to produce parts with porosities between 35 and 70% were applied. The compressive strength and Young's modulus of porous Ti-6Al-4V were determined. Results indicated that stress and Young's modulus decrease with increasing porosity and pore size. The porous parts are characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, study was to investigate the effects of three different porosities of porous Ti-6Al-4V (35, 50, and 70%) on proliferation, differentiation, and cell-matrix interaction of mouse osteoblast-like cells, MC-3T3. Results showed that the cell proliferation was significantly (p < 0.05) higher on 70% porous Ti-6Al-4V. However, synthesis of different types of extra cellular matrix proteins was also more abundant on 70% porous Ti-6Al-4V than 35 and 50% porous Ti-6Al-4V disk except some specific proteins. An increase in alkaline phosphate activity was significantly (p < 0.05) higher on 70 and 50% porous Ti-6Al-4V disk after 12 days of MC-3T3 cells incubation. Above all, results indicated that porosity (nearly 70%) of porous Ti-6Al-4V topography affects proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast-like MC-3T3 cells. The results showed that this novel process is a promise to fabricate porous biomaterials for bone implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanta Raj Bhattarai
- Department of Bionanosystem Engineering, Chonbuk National University, Chonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
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24
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Chester AH, Taylor PM. Molecular and functional characteristics of heart-valve interstitial cells. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2007; 362:1437-43. [PMID: 17569642 PMCID: PMC2440406 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2007.2126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The cells that reside within valve cusps play an integral role in the durability and function of heart valves. There are principally two types of cells found in cusp tissue: the endothelial cells that cover the surface of the cusps and the interstitial cells (ICs) that form a network within the extracellular matrix (ECM) within the body of the cusp. Both cell types exhibit unique functions that are unlike those of other endothelial and ICs found throughout the body. The valve ICs express a complex pattern of cell-surface, cytoskeletal and muscle proteins. They are able to bind to, and communicate with, each other and the ECM. The endothelial cells on the outflow and inflow surfaces of the valve differ from one another. Their individual characteristics and functions reflect the fact that they are exposed to separate patterns of flow and pressure. In addition to providing a structural role in the valve, it is now known that the biological function of valve cells is important in maintaining the integrity of the cusps and the optimum function of the valve. In response to inappropriate stimuli, valve interstitial and endothelial cells may also participate in processes that lead to valve degeneration and calcification. Understanding the complex biology of valve interstitial and endothelial cells is an important requirement in elucidating the mechanisms that regulate valve function in health and disease, as well as setting a benchmark for the function of cells that may be used to tissue engineer a heart valve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian H Chester
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Science Centre, Harefield Hospital, NHLI, Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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25
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Antisense targeting of TGF-beta1 augments BMP-induced upregulation of osteopontin, type I collagen and Cbfa1 in human Saos-2 cells. Exp Cell Res 2007; 313:1415-25. [PMID: 17359969 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2006] [Revised: 12/15/2006] [Accepted: 01/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite commonalities in signal transduction in osteoblasts from different species, the role of TGF-beta1 on bone formation remains elusive. In particular, the role of autocrine TGF-beta1 on human osteoblasts is largely unknown. Here we show the effect of TGF-beta1 knock-down on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts induced by BMP2. Treatment with antisense TGF-beta1 moderately increased the rate of cell proliferation, which was completely reversed by the exogenous addition of TGF-beta1. Notably, TGF-beta1 blockade significantly enhanced BMP2-induced upregulation of mRNAs encoding osteopontin, type I collagen and Cbfa1, which was suppressed by exogenous TGF-beta1. Moreover, TGF-beta1 knock-down increased BMP2-induced phosphorylation of Smad1/5 as well as their nuclear import, which paralleled a reduction of inhibitory Smad6. These data suggest autocrine TGF-beta1 antagonizes BMP signaling through modulation of inducible Smad6 and the activity of BMP specific Smad1/5.
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Postiglione L, Montagnani S, Ladogana P, Castaldo C, Di Spigna G, Bruno EM, Turano M, De Santo L, Cudemo G, Cocozza S, de Divitiis O, Rossi G. Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor receptor expression on human cardiomyocytes from end-stage heart failure patients. Eur J Heart Fail 2006; 8:564-70. [PMID: 16480924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejheart.2005.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2005] [Revised: 07/20/2005] [Accepted: 12/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In remodelling ventricles, the progression of heart failure is associated with structural changes involving the extra-cellular matrix (ECM) and the cytoskeleton of cardiomyocytes, associated with fibrosis, cellular damage and death. The role of some cytokines and haematopoietic growth factors in the mechanism of both damage and regeneration of cardiac tissue during acute myocardial infarction has been demonstrated. Following heart damage, the development of scarred tissue was considered to be the only outcome, since myocytes were considered to be terminally differentiated cells. However, recent studies in animal models and adult human hearts have shown that myocytes can proliferate under the modulation of several factors. AIMS To assess Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) receptor expression in healthy and diseased human hearts, and to evaluate the possible role of GM-CSF and its receptor in the regeneration of cardiac tissue in chronic cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS GM-CSFR expression in human cardiac tissue from explanted hearts of ten patients with end-stage heart failure and in cardiac biopsies from eight normal human hearts was studied by immunohistochemistry, and cellular and molecular biology assays. Our results demonstrated an increase in GM-CSFR in cardiomyocytes from end-stage heart failure tissues as compared to normal control tissues. CONCLUSIONS We hypothesize that GM-CSF plays a role in apoptotic and/or ECM deposition processes as well as in cytoskeleton modification in the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Postiglione
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathology "L. Califano", "Federico II" University, Via S. Pansini, 5, Ed. 19, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Rizzieri DA, Akabani G, Zalutsky MR, Coleman RE, Metzler SD, Bowsher JE, Toaso B, Anderson E, Lagoo A, Clayton S, Pegram CN, Moore JO, Gockerman JP, DeCastro C, Gasparetto C, Chao NJ, Bigner DD. Phase 1 trial study of 131I-labeled chimeric 81C6 monoclonal antibody for the treatment of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood 2004; 104:642-8. [PMID: 15100153 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-12-4264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a phase 1 study of pharmacokinetics, dosimetry, toxicity, and response of (131)I anti-tenascin chimeric 81C6 for the treatment of lymphoma. Nine patients received a dosimetric dose of 370 MBq (10 mCi). Three patients received an administered activity of 1480 MBq (40 mCi), and 2 developed hematologic toxicity that required stem cell infusion. Six patients received an administered activity of 1110 MBq (30 mCi), and 2 developed toxicity that required stem cell infusion. The clearance of whole-body activity was monoexponential with a mean effective half-life of 110 hours (range, 90-136 hours) and a mean effective whole-body residence time of 159 hours (range, 130-196 hours). There was rapid uptake within the viscera; however, tumor uptake was slower. Activity in normal viscera decreased proportional to the whole body; however, tumor sites presented a slow clearance (T(1/2), 86-191 hours). The mean absorbed dose to whole-body was 67 cGy (range, 51-89 hours), whereas the dose to tumor sites was 963 cGy (range, 363-1517 cGy). Despite lack of a "blocking" antibody, 1 of 9 patients attained a complete remission and 1 a partial remission. These data demonstrate this radiopharmaceutical to be an encouraging agent for the treatment of lymphoma particularly if methods to protect the normal viscera are developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Rizzieri
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Nashimoto M, Matsuzaka K, Yoshinari M, Shimono M, Inoue T. THE EFFECT OF SURFACE PORE SIZE ON THE DIFFERENTIATION OF RAT BONE MARROW CELLS: MORPHOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AND EXPRESSION OF BONE RELATED PROTEIN mRNA. THE BULLETIN OF TOKYO DENTAL COLLEGE 2004; 45:201-11. [PMID: 15960157 DOI: 10.2209/tdcpublication.45.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the behavior of rat bone marrow cells (RBM) growing on surfaces with different pore sizes. RBM behavior on Millipore filters (MF-Millipore membrane filter) made from cellulose mixed esters with 5 different pore surfaces (0.45 microm, 1.2 microm, 3.0 microm, 5.0 microm and 8.0 microm) were compared in terms of morphological changes on the different pore sizes. Furthermore, the expressions of osteopontin and osteocalcin mRNAs were investigated. On the 1.2 microm and 3.0 microm pore surfaces, RBM attached to the substrate well, but cells on the 5.0 microm and 8.0 microm pore surfaces invaded deeply into the pores. Higher levels of both osteopontin and osteocalcin mRNA expression were always observed in cells cultured on the 1.2 microm filter. These results suggest that the 1.2 microm Millipore filter pore size is the most suitable for inducing RBM to differentiate into an osteoblastic phenotype among these surfaces and is probably related to production of the ECM but not to the phenomenon of cell spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Nashimoto
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Dental College, 1-2-2 Masago, Mihama-ku, Chiba 261-8502, Japan
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Postiglione L, Di Domenico G, Ramaglia L, Montagnani S, Salzano S, Di Meglio F, Sbordone L, Vitale M, Rossi G. Behavior of SaOS-2 cells cultured on different titanium surfaces. J Dent Res 2003; 82:692-6. [PMID: 12939352 DOI: 10.1177/154405910308200907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface properties may affect the clinical outcome of titanium dental implants. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of 3 different titanium surfaces-smooth (S), sandblasted (SB), and titanium plasma-sprayed (TPS)-on proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of human osteoblast-like cells, SaOS-2. Cell proliferation was significantly (p < 0.05) higher on the S surface, and synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins was more abundant on TPS and SB than on S surfaces. Analysis of integrin receptors showed a higher expression of alpha2, alpha5, alphaVbeta3, and ss1 on TPS as compared with SB and S surfaces. An increase in alkaline phosphatase activity was detected only on SB and TPS surfaces. Analysis of cell apoptosis did not demonstrate any significant difference among the 3 different surfaces. The results indicate that titanium surface topography affects proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast-like SaOS-2 cells, suggesting that surface properties might be important for bone response around dental implants in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Postiglione
- Dept. of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathology, "L. Califano", Naples, Italy.
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