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Peng YL, Wang ZY, Wang XJ, Ji YT, Wen Y, Mai Y. Lower risk of low bone mineral density in high vitamin E level in older people: A cross-sectional study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 61:316-321. [PMID: 38777450 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Osteoporosis and osteopenia, together known as low bone mineral density (LBMD), are common problems in the elderly. LBMD may cause fragility fractures in the elderly. The relationship between Vitamin E and LBMD in old Americans is still unclear. In this study, we investigated the relationship between serum Vitamin E levels and LBMD in the elderly. METHODS We utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018 and ultimately included 378 participants aged 50 to 79. Multivariable logistic or linear regression models were applied to examine the associations between serum Vitamin E levels and LBMD, total femur or lumbar spine BMD after adjusting for covariates. RESULTS After adjusting for all covariates, higher serum Vitamin E levels reduced the risk of LBMD (OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.58-1.00) and were positively associated with total femur BMD (β: 0.02; 95% CI: 0.01-0.03), after adjusting for all covariates. In the subgroup analysis, for the BMI normal group (BMI<25), the serum Vitamin E levels were positively associated with the total femur (β: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01-0.05) and lumbar spine BMD (β: 0.04; 95% CI: 0.01-0.07). In the BMI normal group, people with high serum Vitamin E levels have a lower incidence of LBMD (OR:0.43; 95% CI: 0.21-0.88). Though the P for interaction was larger than 0.05. CONCLUSION This study found serum Vitamin E levels were negatively associated with LBMD in older Americans. Serum Vitamin E levels were positively associated with femur BMD in older Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Long Peng
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zi-Yan Wang
- The First Clinical School, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Xuan-Jia Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yu-Tong Ji
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yaqing Wen
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanpei Mai
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Cui A, Xiao P, Fan Z, Zeng Y, Wang H, Zhuang Y. Associations between vitamin E status and bone mineral density in children and adolescents aged 8-19 years: Evidence based on NHANES 2005-2006, 2017-2018. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283127. [PMID: 36928218 PMCID: PMC10019693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bone mineral density (BMD) in adolescence is a crucial determinant in osteoporosis and fragility fractures in older age. Vitamin E is the most abundant lipid-soluble antioxidant present in the blood. However, the association of vitamin E status with BMD in children and adolescents remains unclear. METHODS We first measured the association of vitamin E status (serum α- and γ tocopherol) with BMD in children and adolescents with the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Multiple linear regression models were performed to evaluate their relationship after adjusting for a large range of covariates. Stratified analyses and interaction tests were used to explore their effects on different genders, ages, and races/ethnicities. RESULTS 13,606 children and adolescents from NHANES (2005-2006, 2017-2018) were included in our analysis. Compared with the lowest α-tocopherol quartile, individuals in the highest α-tocopherol quartile are likelier to be Non-Hispanic White and have a higher value of poverty income ratio (PIR). They have a lower value of serum phosphorus and lumbar spine BMD. Every 1umol/L increase in serum α- and γ- tocopherol, the lumbar spine BMD decreased by -0.0016 and -0.0068 g/cm2. Compared with the lowest quartile serum α- and γ- tocopherol concentration, individuals in the highest quartile have a -0.0223 and -0.0329 g/cm2 lower mean BMD, respectively. Interaction effects suggest that the negative effect is more prominent among female youth, individuals aged 8-13 years, non-Hispanic whites, Mexican Americans, and non-Hispanic blacks. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates serum α- and γ-tocopherol are negatively correlated with lumbar BMD. Age, gender, and race may have a modifying effect on this relationship. Our study has an important clinical implication. A higher vitamin E status for children and adolescents could not improve BMD, even decrease BMD. More prospective research with stronger evidence is needed to verify our findings and their underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyong Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Peilun Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiqiang Fan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (HW); (YZ)
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiao Tong University, Xi’an, China
- * E-mail: (HW); (YZ)
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Sheppard AJ, Barfield AM, Barton S, Dong Y. Understanding Reactive Oxygen Species in Bone Regeneration: A Glance at Potential Therapeutics and Bioengineering Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:836764. [PMID: 35198545 PMCID: PMC8859442 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.836764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the complex mechanism by which skeletal tissue heals has been well described, the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in skeletal tissue regeneration is less understood. It has been widely recognized that a high level of ROS is cytotoxic and inhibits normal cellular processes. However, with more recent discoveries, it is evident that ROS also play an important, positive role in skeletal tissue repair, specifically fracture healing. Thus, dampening ROS levels can potentially inhibit normal healing. On the same note, pathologically high levels of ROS cause a sharp decline in osteogenesis and promote nonunion in fracture repair. This delicate balance complicates the efforts of therapeutic and engineering approaches that aim to modulate ROS for improved tissue healing. The physiologic role of ROS is dependent on a multitude of factors, and it is important for future efforts to consider these complexities. This review first discusses how ROS influences vital signaling pathways involved in the fracture healing response, including how they affect angiogenesis and osteogenic differentiation. The latter half glances at the current approaches to control ROS for improved skeletal tissue healing, including medicinal approaches, cellular engineering, and enhanced tissue scaffolds. This review aims to provide a nuanced view of the effects of ROS on bone fracture healing which will inspire novel techniques to optimize the redox environment for skeletal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. Sheppard
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Ann Marie Barfield
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Shane Barton
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Yufeng Dong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
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Xu W, Li Y, Feng R, He P, Zhang Y. γ-Tocotrienol induced the proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells through the stimulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Food Funct 2022; 13:398-410. [PMID: 34908071 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02583j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
γ-Tocotrienol (γ-T3), an isoprenoid phytochemical, has shown the promotion of osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in our previous study. In this study, its underlying mechanism was investigated through regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in MC3T3-E1 cells. Comparative experiment results showed that γ-T3, not α-tocopherol (α-TOC) increased more significantly the viability and differentiation in MC3T3-E1 cells. After that, the cells were incubated with 10 mM LiCl, or 4 μM γ-T3 with or without 1 μM XAV-939. γ-T3 at 4 μM stimulated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by increasing the expression and nuclear accumulation of β-catenin, and the expressions of their downstream factors, such as cyclin-D1, c-Myc, BMP2 and BMP-4 in MC3T3-E1 cells. γ-T3 not only upregulated the viability, induced G0/G1 to the S phase, and promoted the expressions of PCNA (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen) and Ki-67, but also increased ALP activity and the expressions of ON, OPN and OCN. Moreover, the effects of γ-T3 on the MC3T3-E1 cells resembled the actions of LiCl, an activator of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Notably, all these effects of γ-T3 on the MC3T3-E1 cells were completely blocked by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway inhibitor XAV-939. Our data demonstrated that γ-T3 can target β-catenin to enhance the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, which led to increased expressions of the downstream cell proliferation and cell cycle-associated (cyclin D1 and c-myc), and cell differentiation-associated (BMP-2 and BMP-4) target genes, and ultimately promoted MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and differentiation. Therefore, γ-T3 may be a potential agent to prevent and reverse osteoporosis due to its safety and powerful abilities of osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Xu
- Innovation Research Center for Special Food-Medicine and Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 Xidazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin, China.
| | - Yutong Li
- Innovation Research Center for Special Food-Medicine and Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 Xidazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin, China.
| | - Rennan Feng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang District, Harbin, China
| | - Pan He
- Innovation Research Center for Special Food-Medicine and Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 Xidazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin, China.
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- Innovation Research Center for Special Food-Medicine and Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 Xidazhi Street, Nangang District, Harbin, China.
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5
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Vakili S, Zal F, Mostafavi-Pour Z, Savardashtaki A, Koohpeyma F. Quercetin and vitamin E alleviate ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis by modulating autophagy and apoptosis in rat bone cells. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:3495-3509. [PMID: 33030247 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is the most prevalent metabolic bone disease and one of the most important postmenopausal consequences. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of quercetin (Q) and vitamin E (vitE) on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis. Animals were ovariectomized and treated with Q (15 mg/kg/day), vitE (60 mg/kg/day), estradiol (10 µg/kg/day), and Q (7.5 mg/kg/day) + vitE (30 mg/kg/day) for 10 weeks by gavage, and osteoporosis markers and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of autophagy and apoptosis-related genes were analyzed in serum and tibia of rats. Data indicated that ovariectomy resulted in development of osteoporosis as demonstrated by reduction in serum calcium, bone weight, bone volume, trabeculae volume, and the total number of osteocytes and osteoblasts, and increase in the total number of osteoclasts and serum osteocalcin. Total mRNA expressions of LC3, beclin1, and caspase 3 were also increased and bcl2 expression was decreased in the tibia. By reversing these changes, treatment with Q and vitE markedly improved osteoporosis. In conclusion, Q, and to a lesser extent, vitE, prevented osteoporosis by regulating the total number of bone cells, maybe through regulating autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Vakili
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zal
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Traditional Medicine and Medical History Research Centre, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mostafavi-Pour
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farhad Koohpeyma
- Shiraz Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Metzger CE, Anand Narayanan S, Phan PH, Bloomfield SA. Hindlimb unloading causes regional loading-dependent changes in osteocyte inflammatory cytokines that are modulated by exogenous irisin treatment. NPJ Microgravity 2020; 6:28. [PMID: 33083525 PMCID: PMC7542171 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-020-00118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Disuse-induced bone loss is characterized by alterations in bone turnover. Accruing evidence suggests that osteocytes respond to inflammation and express and/or release pro-inflammatory cytokines; however, it remains largely unknown whether osteocyte inflammatory proteins are influenced by disuse. The goals of this project were (1) to assess osteocyte pro-inflammatory cytokines in the unloaded hindlimb and loaded forelimb of hindlimb unloaded rats, (2) to examine the impact of exogenous irisin during hindlimb unloading (HU). Male Sprague Dawley rats (8 weeks old, n = 6/group) were divided into ambulatory control, HU, and HU with irisin (HU + Ir, 3×/week). Lower cancellous bone volume, higher osteoclast surfaces (OcS), and lower bone formation rate (BFR) were present at the hindlimb and 4th lumbar vertebrae in the HU group while the proximal humerus of HU rats exhibited no differences in bone volume, but higher BFR and lower OcS vs. Con. Osteocyte tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-17 (IL-17), RANKL, and sclerostin were elevated in the cancellous bone of the distal femur of HU rats vs. Con, but lower at the proximal humerus in HU rats vs. Con. Exogenous irisin treatment increased BFR, and lowered OcS and osteocyte TNF-α, IL-17, RANKL, and sclerostin in the unloaded hindlimb of HU + Ir rats while having minimal changes in the humerus. In conclusion, there are site-specific and loading-specific alterations in osteocyte pro-inflammatory cytokines and bone turnover with the HU model of disuse bone loss, indicating a potential mechanosensory impact of osteocyte TNF-α and IL-17. Additionally, exogenous irisin significantly reduced the pro-inflammatory status of the unloaded hindlimb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne E Metzger
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - S Anand Narayanan
- Department of Medical Physiology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, TX USA
| | - Peter H Phan
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
| | - Susan A Bloomfield
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX USA
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7
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Feng L, Zhou J, Xia B, Tian BF. The Positive Effect of TET2 on the Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cell Reprogram 2020; 22:3-13. [PMID: 31829736 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2019.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Bo Xia
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Bao-Fang Tian
- Department of Traumatic Orthopedics, Jining No. 1 People's Hospital, Jining, China
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8
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The Molecular Mechanism of Vitamin E as a Bone-Protecting Agent: A Review on Current Evidence. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061453. [PMID: 30909398 PMCID: PMC6471965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone remodelling is a tightly-coordinated and lifelong process of replacing old damaged bone with newly-synthesized healthy bone. In the bone remodelling cycle, bone resorption is coupled with bone formation to maintain the bone volume and microarchitecture. This process is a result of communication between bone cells (osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes) with paracrine and endocrine regulators, such as cytokines, reactive oxygen species, growth factors, and hormones. The essential signalling pathways responsible for osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation include the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (RANK)/receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG), Wnt/β-catenin, and oxidative stress signalling. The imbalance between bone formation and degradation, in favour of resorption, leads to the occurrence of osteoporosis. Intriguingly, vitamin E has been extensively reported for its anti-osteoporotic properties using various male and female animal models. Thus, understanding the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms contributing to the skeletal action of vitamin E is vital to promote its use as a potential bone-protecting agent. This review aims to summarize the current evidence elucidating the molecular actions of vitamin E in regulating the bone remodelling cycle.
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Hagan ML, Bahraini A, Pierce JL, Bass SM, Yu K, Elsayed R, Elsalanty M, Johnson MH, McNeil A, McNeil PL, McGee-Lawrence ME. Inhibition of Osteocyte Membrane Repair Activity via Dietary Vitamin E Deprivation Impairs Osteocyte Survival. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 104:224-234. [PMID: 30357446 PMCID: PMC6452877 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0487-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteocytes experience plasma membrane disruptions (PMD) that initiate mechanotransduction both in vitro and in vivo in response to mechanical loading, suggesting that osteocytes use PMD to sense and adapt to mechanical stimuli. PMD repair is crucial for cell survival; antioxidants (e.g., alpha-tocopherol, also known as Vitamin E) promote repair while reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can accumulate during exercise, inhibit repair. The goal of this study was to determine whether depleting Vitamin E in the diet would impact osteocyte survival and bone adaptation with loading. Male CD-1 mice (3 weeks old) were fed either a regular diet (RD) or Vitamin E-deficient diet (VEDD) for up to 11 weeks. Mice from each dietary group either served as sedentary controls with normal cage activity, or were subjected to treadmill exercise (one bout of exercise or daily exercise for 5 weeks). VEDD-fed mice showed more PMD-affected osteocytes (+ 50%) after a single exercise bout suggesting impaired PMD repair following Vitamin E deprivation. After 5 weeks of daily exercise, VEDD mice failed to show an exercise-induced increase in osteocyte PMD formation, and showed signs of increased osteocytic oxidative stress and impaired osteocyte survival. Surprisingly, exercise-induced increases in cortical bone formation rate were only significant for VEDD-fed mice. This result may be consistent with previous studies in skeletal muscle, where myocyte PMD repair failure (e.g., with muscular dystrophy) initially triggers hypertrophy but later leads to widespread degeneration. In vitro, mechanically wounded MLO-Y4 cells displayed increased post-wounding necrosis (+ 40-fold) in the presence of H2O2, which could be prevented by Vitamin E pre-treatment. Taken together, our data support the idea that antioxidant-influenced osteocyte membrane repair is a vital aspect of bone mechanosensation in the osteocytic control of PMD-driven bone adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie L Hagan
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Anoosh Bahraini
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Jessica L Pierce
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Sarah M Bass
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Kanglun Yu
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Ranya Elsayed
- Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mohammed Elsalanty
- Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Maribeth H Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Augusta University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Anna McNeil
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Paul L McNeil
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Meghan E McGee-Lawrence
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Augusta University, 1120 15th St, Augusta, GA, USA.
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Noguchi M, Yamawaki I, Takahashi S, Taguchi Y, Umeda M. Effects of α-tocopherol on bone marrow mesenchymal cells derived from type II diabetes mellitus rats. J Oral Sci 2018; 60:579-587. [PMID: 30587690 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.17-0422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
It is widely accepted that vitamin E (VE) acts as an antioxidant and is involved in various metabolic systems including the regulation of gene expression and inhibition of cell proliferation. The most predominant isoform of VE in the living body is α-tocopherol. However, the influence of α-tocopherol on bone marrow mesenchymal cells (BMMCs) in a background of type II diabetes mellitus (DM) has not been investigated. The focus of the present study was to clarify the effect of α-tocopherol on BMMCs derived from rats with type II DM and the underlying mechanisms involved. BMMCs were isolated from rats with type II DM. The BMMCs were either untreated or exposed to α-tocopherol at concentrations of 1.0, 10, and 100 μM, and the resulting effects of α-tocopherol on cell proliferation, H2O2 activity, and antioxidant and inflammatory cytokine production were examined. At 100 μM, α-tocopherol had no effect on cell proliferation, but H2O2 activity was significantly increased. At 10 μM, α-tocopherol increased the gene expression of IL-1β, and markedly promoted that of TNF-α. Expression of catalase in the presence of 100 μM α-tocopherol was lower than for the other concentrations. At a low concentration, α-tocopherol exerted good antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on BMMCs. The study suggests that maintaining α-tocopherol at a low concentration might promote the recovery of BMMCs from oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Isao Yamawaki
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University
| | | | | | - Makoto Umeda
- Department of Periodontology, Osaka Dental University
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Chai SC, Foley EM, Arjmandi BH. Anti-atherogenic properties of vitamin E, aspirin, and their combination. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206315. [PMID: 30359442 PMCID: PMC6201936 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was designed to assess the extent to which vitamin E and aspirin individually or in combination prevent and/or reverse bone loss and atherosclerotic lesion formation in orchidectomized aged rats. Forty-nine 12-month old male Sprague-Dawley rats were either sham-operated (Sham, one group) or orchidectomized (Orx, four groups) and fed a control diet for 120 days to establish bone loss and atherosclerotic lesions. Thereafter, rats were assigned to the various treatment groups (n = 9 to 10 per group): 1) Sham and 2) Orx groups received AIN93M, containing 75 IU vitamin E and served as control, and the other three Orx groups received either 3) 500 IU vitamin E, 4) 500 mg aspirin, or 5) 500 IU vitamin E + 500 mg aspirin per kg diet for 90 days. After 90 days of treatment, rats were sacrificed, necropsied, and tissues were collected for analyses. Results show that 500 IU vitamin E was able to reduce the development of atherosclerosis lesion formation and aortic streak area compared to Orx control. More importantly, 500 mg aspirin completely reversed the fatty streak area and made the atherosclerotic lesions disappear. Vitamin E and aspirin were not able to reverse bone loss as shown by whole body, lumbar and femoral bone mineral content and bone mineral density due to gonadal hormone deficiency. Instead, 500 mg aspirin somewhat increased the trabecular separation while decreased trabecular thickness compared to Orx control. Our findings suggest that both, vitamin E and aspirin exert anti-atherogenic effects and aspirin is more effective than vitamin E in preventing atherosclerosis lesions in Orx rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheau C. Chai
- Department of Behavioral Health and Nutrition, College of Health Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United State of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Elizabeth M. Foley
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United State of America
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging (CAENRA), College of Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United State of America
| | - Bahram H. Arjmandi
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United State of America
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging (CAENRA), College of Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United State of America
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12
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Yang J, Zhang G, Dong D, Shang P. Effects of Iron Overload and Oxidative Damage on the Musculoskeletal System in the Space Environment: Data from Spaceflights and Ground-Based Simulation Models. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2608. [PMID: 30177626 PMCID: PMC6163331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The space environment chiefly includes microgravity and radiation, which seriously threatens the health of astronauts. Bone loss and muscle atrophy are the two most significant changes in mammals after long-term residency in space. In this review, we summarized current understanding of the effects of microgravity and radiation on the musculoskeletal system and discussed the corresponding mechanisms that are related to iron overload and oxidative damage. Furthermore, we enumerated some countermeasures that have a therapeutic potential for bone loss and muscle atrophy through using iron chelators and antioxidants. Future studies for better understanding the mechanism of iron and redox homeostasis imbalance induced by the space environment and developing the countermeasures against iron overload and oxidative damage consequently may facilitate human to travel more safely in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Gejing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Dandan Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
| | - Peng Shang
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, Institute of Special Environment Biophysics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China.
- Research & Development Institute in Shenzhen, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Shenzhen 518057, China.
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13
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Torshabi M, Rezaei Esfahrood Z, Jamshidi M, Mansuri Torshizi A, Sotoudeh S. Efficacy of vitamins E and C for reversing the cytotoxic effects of nicotine and cotinine. Eur J Oral Sci 2017; 125:426-437. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Torshabi
- Department of Dental Biomaterials; School of Dentistry; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Zeinab Rezaei Esfahrood
- Department of Periodontics; School of Dentistry; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | - Mahshid Jamshidi
- School of Dentistry; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
| | | | - Samira Sotoudeh
- School of Dentistry; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences; Tehran Iran
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14
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Reductive Stress in Inflammation-Associated Diseases and the Pro-Oxidant Effect of Antioxidant Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102098. [PMID: 28981461 PMCID: PMC5666780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: Reductive stress (RS) is the counterpart oxidative stress (OS), and can occur in response to conditions that shift the redox balance of important biological redox couples, such as the NAD⁺/NADH, NADP⁺/NADPH, and GSH/GSSG, to a more reducing state. Overexpression of antioxidant enzymatic systems leads to excess reducing equivalents that can deplete reactive oxidative species, driving the cells to RS. A feedback regulation is established in which chronic RS induces OS, which in turn, stimulates again RS. Excess reducing equivalents may regulate cellular signaling pathways, modify transcriptional activity, induce alterations in the formation of disulfide bonds in proteins, reduce mitochondrial function, decrease cellular metabolism, and thus, contribute to the development of some diseases in which NF-κB, a redox-sensitive transcription factor, participates. Here, we described the diseases in which an inflammatory condition is associated to RS, and where delayed folding, disordered transport, failed oxidation, and aggregation are found. Some of these diseases are aggregation protein cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, muscular dystrophy, pulmonary hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, and metabolic syndrome, among others. Moreover, chronic consumption of antioxidant supplements, such as vitamins and/or flavonoids, may have pro-oxidant effects that may alter the redox cellular equilibrium and contribute to RS, even diminishing life expectancy.
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Ikegami H, Kawawa R, Ichi I, Ishikawa T, Koike T, Aoki Y, Fujiwara Y. Excessive Vitamin E Intake Does Not Cause Bone Loss in Male or Ovariectomized Female Mice Fed Normal or High-Fat Diets. J Nutr 2017; 147:1932-1937. [PMID: 28835390 DOI: 10.3945/jn.117.248575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Animal studies on the effects of vitamin E on bone health have yielded conflicting and inconclusive results, and to our knowledge, no studies have addressed the effect of vitamin E on bone in animals consuming a high-fat diet (HFD).Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of excessive vitamin E on bone metabolism in normal male mice and ovariectomized female mice fed a normal diet (ND) or HFD.Methods: In the first 2 experiments, 7-wk-old male mice were fed an ND (16% energy from fat) containing 75 (control), 0 (vitamin E-free), or 1000 (high vitamin E) mg vitamin E/kg (experiment 1) or an HFD (46% energy from fat) containing 0, 200, 500, or 1000 mg vitamin E/kg (experiment 2) for 18 wk. In the third experiment, 7-wk-old sham-operated or ovariectomized female mice were fed the ND (75 mg vitamin E/kg) or HFD containing 0 or 1000 mg vitamin E/kg for 8 wk. At the end of the feeding period, blood and femurs were collected to measure bone turnover markers and analyze histology and microcomputed tomography.Results: In experiments 1 and 2, vitamin E intake had no effect on plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, or bone formation, resorption, or volume in femurs in mice fed the ND or HFDs. In experiment 3, bone volume was significantly reduced (85%) in ovariectomized mice compared with that in sham-operated mice (P < 0.05), but it did not differ among mice fed the 3 diets. Plasma ALP and TRAP activities and bone formation and resorption in femur were similar among ovariectomized mice fed the HFD containing 0 or 1000 mg vitamin E/kg.Conclusions: The results suggest that excess vitamin E intake does not cause bone loss in normal male mice or in ovariectomized or sham-operated female mice, regardless of dietary fat content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rie Kawawa
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science and
| | - Ikuyo Ichi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science and.,Institute of Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | - Tomoko Ishikawa
- Institute of Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan; and
| | | | | | - Yoko Fujiwara
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science and .,Institute of Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan; and
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16
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Badraoui R, Amri N, Zammel N, Chaabane R, Rebai T. Corticosteroid treatment exacerbates bone osteopenia in mice with gonadal hormone deficiency-induced osteoporosis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2017; 105:41-46. [PMID: 28473228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Gonadic deficiency and corticotherapy are important risk factors in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. This study was outlined to assess the effects of combined orchidectomy (ORX) and corticosteroid (cortisol; CS) administration on bone remodeling and metabolism. Twenty-week-old male Swiss mice were randomized into four groups: either sham operated (sham), ORX, CS injected (CS), or ORX and CS injected (ORX+CS). After 28days, mice were euthanized. Both ORX and CS resulted in reduced trabecular volume, and mineral apposition rate and increased osteoclast number and activity. TRAcP levels were increased in ORX and CS mice, but reached highest values in ORX+CS. Bone and serum mineral content (calcium and phosphorus) were disrupted in ORX and CS groups when compared to Sham, and were more affected in ORX+CS group. Urinary calcium measures were increased in ORX, CS, and ORX+CS during the time course of the study. Increases were more prominent in ORX+CS. The differences between groups were generally more accentuated at ORX+CS group. Biochemical data showed a parallel extent to the histologic and histomorphometric changes. This study provides a valid pre-clinical model for severe and rapid osteopenia by ORX associated corticotherapy in which bone loss was significantly higher than either ORX or CS alones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riadh Badraoui
- Laboratory of Histo-Embryology and Cytogenetics, Medicine Faculty, Sfax University, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia; Laboratory of Histology - Cytology, Medicine Faculty, University of Tunis El-Manar, 1007 La Rabta-, Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Nahed Amri
- Laboratory of Histo-Embryology and Cytogenetics, Medicine Faculty, Sfax University, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nourhène Zammel
- Laboratory of Histo-Embryology and Cytogenetics, Medicine Faculty, Sfax University, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rim Chaabane
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, CHU Hédi Chaker of Sfax, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tarek Rebai
- Laboratory of Histo-Embryology and Cytogenetics, Medicine Faculty, Sfax University, 3029 Sfax, Tunisia
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17
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Abstract
Drynariae Rhizoma is a kidney-tonifying herb that has a long history in clinical practice for the treatment of bone fractures and joint diseases in China. Flavonoids are considered to be its major active ingredients and are reported to ease bone loss in ovariectomized rats. However, the beneficial effects of the total flavonoids of Drynariae Rhizoma on osteoporosis caused by microgravity or mechanical inactivity remain unknown. This study assessed the effects of total Drynariae Rhizoma flavonoids (DRTF, Qihuang, Beijing, China, national medicine permit No. Z20030007, number of production: 04080081, content of DRTF ≥80%) against bone loss induced by simulated microgravity. A hindlimb unloading tail-suspended rat model was established to determine the effect of DRTF on bone mineral density (BMD), biomechanical strength and trabecular bone microarchitecture. Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: the baseline, control, hindlimb unloading with vehicle (HLU), and hindlimb unloading treated with DRTF (HLU-DRTF, 75 mg/kg/day) groups. Oral DRTF was administered for 4 weeks. The underlying mechanisms of the DRTF actions on disuse-induced osteoporosis are discussed. The results showed that DRTF treatment significantly increased the BMD and mechanical strength of tail-suspended rats. Enhanced bone turnover markers with HLU treatment were attenuated by DRTF administration. Deterioration of trabecular bone induced by HLU was prevented through elevated bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb. N), trabecular thickness (Tb. Th) and decreased trabecular separation (Tb. Sp). The present study provides the first evidence that DRTF prevents bone loss induced by HLU treatment, indicating its potential application in the treatment of disuse-induced osteoporosis.
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18
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Zhang J, Hu X, Zhang J. Associations between serum vitamin E concentration and bone mineral density in the US elderly population. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:1245-1253. [PMID: 27909782 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3855-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mixed findings regarding effects of vitamin E on bone metabolism existed. We were the first to find a negative association between serum α-tocopherol concentration and bone mineral density in the US elderly population. Using vitamin E supplement as α-tocopherol to promote bone health was not warranted at this time. INTRODUCTION The aim of the study is to examine the associations between serum vitamin E (α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol) status and bone mineral density (BMD) among the US elderly population. METHODS We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2006. This cross-sectional study finally included 989 subjects who were not having liver diseases, kidney diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, or cancers; were not treated for osteoporosis; and were not taking steroids or female hormones. Multivariable linear regression models were employed to examine the associations between serum vitamin E (α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol) concentration and BMDs of total spine and femoral neck after adjusting for covariates and potential confounders. RESULTS Significant differences in serum α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol levels, dietary intake of vitamin E as α-tocopherol, and BMDs of total spine and femoral neck were presented between male and female participants. Serum α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol concentrations were found to be inversely correlated (r = -0.169, P < 0.001). In univariable linear models, significant negative associations between serum α-tocopherol and both total spine BMD (β = -0.0014, P = 0.002) and femoral neck BMD (β = -0.0017, P < 0.001) were found. Accounting for covariates, serum α-tocopherol level was negatively associated with femoral neck BMD (β = -0.0007, P = 0.028). CONCLUSIONS This study found a negative association between serum α-tocopherol concentration and femoral neck BMD in the US elderly population, suggesting a harmful effect of α-tocopherol on bone health. Future studies are warranted to further examine the dose-response relationships between individual vitamin E isomers and bone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, China
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - X Hu
- School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, China.
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19
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Johnson SA, Feresin RG, Soung DY, Elam ML, Arjmandi BH. Vitamin E suppresses ex vivo osteoclastogenesis in ovariectomized rats. Food Funct 2016; 7:1628-33. [PMID: 26923532 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01066g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis may be caused, in part, by oxidative stress and inflammation. Vitamin E is a strong antioxidant which has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and bone-protective effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of various doses of supplemental vitamin E on osteoclastogenesis in ovariectomized rats. Sixty 12-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were sham-operated (Sham) or ovariectomized (Ovx; 4 groups) and fed a diet containing basal levels of vitamin E (75 mg D-α tocopherol acetate per kg diet) for 220 days. Rats in three of the Ovx groups were given supplemental doses of vitamin E (300, 525, and 750 mg D-α tocopherol acetate per kg diet) for the last 100 days. Femoral bone marrow cells were isolated, cultured, and osteoclasts were counted and normalized to 1000 total bone marrow cells. Blood monocyte and lymphocyte counts were also determined. Osteoclast number was significantly higher in the Ovx control group and was suppressed by all three doses of vitamin E, although more effectively in the Ovx group that received 300 mg per kg diet vitamin E. Additionally, vitamin E suppressed the Ovx-induced increase in monocyte and lymphocyte production. The results of this study suggest that vitamin E supplementation suppresses osteoclastogenesis, possibly by inhibiting monocyte and lymphocyte production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Johnson
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA and Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging (CAENRA), Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Rafaela G Feresin
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Do Y Soung
- Columbia University Medical Center, Center of Orthopaedic Research, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Marcus L Elam
- Department of Human Nutrition and Food Science, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA 91768, USA
| | - Bahram H Arjmandi
- Center for Advancing Exercise and Nutrition Research on Aging (CAENRA), Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA and Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
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20
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Abstract
The discovery of vitamin E (α-tocopherol) began in 1922 as a vital component required in reproduction. Today, there are eight naturally occurring vitamin E isoforms, namely α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherol and α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocotrienol. Vitamin E is potent antioxidants, capable of neutralizing free radicals directly by donating hydrogen from its chromanol ring. α-Tocopherol is regarded the dominant form in vitamin E as the α-tocopherol transfer protein in the liver binds mainly α-tocopherol, thus preventing its degradation. That contributed to the oversight of tocotrienols and resulted in less than 3% of all vitamin E publications studying tocotrienols. Nevertheless, tocotrienols have been shown to possess superior antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties over α-tocopherol. In particular, inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase to lower cholesterol, attenuating inflammation via downregulation of transcription factor NF-κB activation, and potent radioprotectant against radiation damage are some properties unique to tocotrienols, not tocopherols. Aside from cancer, vitamin E has also been shown protective in bone, cardiovascular, eye, nephrological and neurological diseases. In light of the different pharmacological properties of tocopherols and tocotrienols, it becomes critical to specify which vitamin E isoform(s) are being studied in any future vitamin E publications. This review provides an update on vitamin E therapeutic potentials, protective effects and modes of action beyond cancer, with comparison of tocopherols against tocotrienols. With the concerted efforts in synthesizing novel vitamin E analogs and clinical pharmacology of vitamin E, it is likely that certain vitamin E isoform(s) will be therapeutic agents against human diseases besides cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yong Peh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - W S Daniel Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Wupeng Liao
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - W S Fred Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore; Immunology Program, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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21
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Hampson G, Edwards S, Sankaralingam A, Harrington DJ, Voong K, Fogelman I, Frost ML. Circulating concentrations of vitamin E isomers: Association with bone turnover and arterial stiffness in post-menopausal women. Bone 2015; 81:407-412. [PMID: 26271527 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of vitamin E on cardiovascular and bone health are conflicting with beneficial and detrimental findings reported. To investigate this further, we carried out a cross-sectional study to determine the relationship between circulating concentrations of the 2 vitamin E isomers, α- and γ-tocopherol (TP) with bone turnover and arterial stiffness. Two hundred and seventy eight post-menopausal women with mean age [SD] 60.9 [6.0] years were studied. Fasting serum α-TP and γ-TP, bone turnover markers; procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX), parathyroid hormone (PTH), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) were measured. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and central augmentation index (AI) as markers of arterial stiffness were also determined. A positive correlation was observed between α-TP and γ-TP (r=0.14, p=0.022). A significant negative association between α-TP and P1NP only was seen in multiple linear regression analysis following adjustment for serum TC and TG (p=0.016). In a full multi-linear regression model, following correction for age, years since menopause, smoking habits, alcohol intake, use of calcium supplements, BMI, PTH, serum calcium, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), the association between α-TP and P1NP remained significant (p=0.011). We did not observe any significant association between γ-TP or α-TP/γ-TP ratio with P1NP or CTX. P1NP was significantly lower in subjects with α-TP concentrations of >30 μmol/L (α-TP >30 μmol/L; P1NP: 57.5 [20.7], α-TP<30 μmol/L; P1NP: 65.7 [24.9] μg/L, p=0.005). PWV was significantly associated with α-TP/γ-TP ratio (p=0.04) but not with serum α-TP or γ-TP in a full multi-linear regression model adjusting for serum lipids, age, and blood pressure. The data suggest that high serum concentrations of α-TP may have a negative effect on bone formation. The balance of α-TP and γ-TP may be important in maintaining arterial compliance. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the impact of the vitamin E isomers on bone and cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hampson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Viapath, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7 EH, UK; Osteoporosis Unit, King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Guy's Campus, London SE1 9RT, UK.
| | - S Edwards
- Osteoporosis Unit, King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Guy's Campus, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - A Sankaralingam
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Viapath, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7 EH, UK
| | - D J Harrington
- Nutristasis Laboratory, Viapath, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - K Voong
- Nutristasis Laboratory, Viapath, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - I Fogelman
- Osteoporosis Unit, King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Guy's Campus, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - M L Frost
- Osteoporosis Unit, King's College London, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Guy's Campus, London SE1 9RT, UK
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Chin KY, Ima-Nirwana S. The biological effects of tocotrienol on bone: a review on evidence from rodent models. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2015; 9:2049-61. [PMID: 25897211 PMCID: PMC4396581 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s79660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis causes significant health care and economic burden to society, leading to a relentless search for effective preventive agents. Tocotrienol, a member of the vitamin E family, has demonstrated promising potential as an osteoporosis-preventing agent. This review summarizes evidence on the effects of tocotrienol on bone in animal models. Techniques used to examine the effects of tocotrienol on bone in animals included bone histomorphometry, X-ray microtomography, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, bone turnover markers, bone calcium content, and biomechanical strength. Tocotrienol was shown to improve osteoblast number, bone formation, mineral deposition, and bone microarchitecture in osteopenic rats. It also decreased osteoclast number and bone erosion in the rats. Tocotrienol supplementation resulted in an improvement in bone mineral density, although biomechanical strength was not significantly altered in the rats. The beneficial effects of tocotrienol on bone can be attributed to its role as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory agent, suppressor of the mevalonate pathway, and modulator of genes favorable to bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Ochi H, Takeda S. The Two Sides of Vitamin E Supplementation. Gerontology 2014; 61:319-26. [PMID: 25428288 DOI: 10.1159/000366419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E is a lipid-soluble antioxidant that inhibits lipid peroxidation by scavenging reactive oxygen species, and it is thought to protect against the aging process. Indeed, it is one of the most popular supplements in the US. However, recent studies have revealed that vitamin E has dual effects on the aging process. We discovered that α-tocopherol, the major form of vitamin E in the body, stimulates osteoclast fusion and bone resorption as well as induces an osteoporosis-like phenotype in rodents. Clinical intervention trials have also demonstrated that supplementation with vitamin E is neutral or even harmful for preventing age-related diseases in humans. Therefore, the role of vitamin E as an 'anti-ager' has been called into question. This review outlines the present understanding of the role of vitamin E in age-related disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ochi
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Deng L, Ding Y, Peng Y, Wu Y, Fan J, Li W, Yang R, Yang M, Fu Q. γ-Tocotrienol protects against ovariectomy-induced bone loss via mevalonate pathway as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor. Bone 2014; 67:200-7. [PMID: 25019595 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2014.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
γ-Tocotrienol (GT3), an analogue of vitamin E, has gained increasing scientific interest recently as it provides significant health benefits. GT3 exerts its biological effects not only by virtue of antioxidant properties but also by inhibiting hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. Studies have reported that the mevalonate pathway is relevant for bone metabolism and HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors can increase bone mass and are useful in osteoporosis therapy. However, whether it is involved in the bone anabolic activity of GT3 is not clear. This study was conducted to investigate the ability of GT3 to protect against ovariectomy-induced bone loss, as well as the correlation between the protections and mevalonate pathway. Results showed that mice supplemented with 100mg/kg emulsified GT3 via subcutaneous injection once per month for three months were significantly protected from ovariectomy-induced bone loss as evaluated by various bone structural parameters, bone metabolic gene expression levels and serum levels of biochemical markers for bone resorption and bone formation. Importantly, the effect of GT3 on preventing against ovariectomy-induced bone loss could be reversed by daily supplementation with mevalonate, indicating that GT3 may via an HMG-CoA reductase-dependent mechanism to protect against ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Our results suggest that GT3 is suitable as dietary supplement and has potential as an alternative drug to treat or prevent osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Deng
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yuedi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Fan
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Runlin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meiling Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Medicine, Ministry of Health, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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25
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Effect of nicotinamide on amino acids content in bone collagen depending on biological availability of vitamins in diabetic rats. UKRAINIAN BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 2014; 86:138-49. [DOI: 10.15407/ubj86.04.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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26
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Chin KY, Ima-Nirwana S. The effects of α-tocopherol on bone: a double-edged sword? Nutrients 2014; 6:1424-41. [PMID: 24727433 PMCID: PMC4011043 DOI: 10.3390/nu6041424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have found conflicting evidence on the role of α-tocopherol (αTF) on bone health. This nonsystematic review aimed to summarize the current evidence on the effects of αTF on bone health from cell culture, animal, and human studies in order to clarify the role of αTF on bone health. Our review found that αTF exerted beneficial, harmful or null effects on bone formation cells. Animal studies generally showed positive effects of αTF supplementation on bone in various models of osteoporosis. However, high-dose αTF was possibly detrimental to bone in normal animals. Human studies mostly demonstrated a positive relationship between αTF, as assessed using high performance liquid chromatography and/or dietary questionnaire, and bone health, as assessed using bone mineral density and/or fracture incidence. Three possible reasons high dosage of αTF can be detrimental to bone include its interference with Vitamin K function on bone, the blocking of the entry of other Vitamin E isomers beneficial to bone, and the role of αTF as a prooxidant. However, these adverse effects have not been shown in human studies. In conclusion, αTF may have a dual role in bone health, whereby in the appropriate doses it is beneficial but in high doses it may be harmful to bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia.
| | - Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia.
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Durbin SM, Jackson JR, Ryan MJ, Gigliotti JC, Alway SE, Tou JC. Resveratrol supplementation preserves long bone mass, microstructure, and strength in hindlimb-suspended old male rats. J Bone Miner Metab 2014; 32:38-47. [PMID: 23686002 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-013-0469-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol has gained popularity as an "anti-aging" compound due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Few studies have investigated the role of resveratrol supplementation in the prevention of age-related bone loss and skeletal disuse despite increased inactivity and age-related bone loss in the elderly. The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of resveratrol supplementation on disuse and age-related bone loss. Old (age 33 months) Fischer 344 × Brown Norway male rats were provided either trans-resveratrol (12.5 mg/kg bw/day) or deionized distilled water by oral gavage for 21 days. Rats were hindlimb-suspended (HLS) or kept ambulatory (AMB) for 14 days. Both femora and tibiae were collected. Bone mass was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and bone microstructure was determined by micro-computed tomography. HLS of old male rats accelerated loss of bone mineral content, decreased trabecular bone volume per unit of total volume, and increased trabecular separation. Resveratrol supplementation ameliorated bone demineralization and loss of bone microarchitecture in HLS old male rats. The peak force measured by the three-point bending test was reduced (P = 0.007) in HLS/control compared to AMB/control rats. Resveratrol supplementation ameliorated HLS-induced loss of femur strength. Plasma osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase was higher (P < 0.04) and C-reactive protein was lower (P = 0.04) in old male rats given resveratrol. The bone protective effects of resveratrol appeared to be mediated through increased osteoblast bone formation, possibly due to reduced inflammation. Based on the results, resveratrol supplementation appeared to provide a feasible dietary therapy for preserving the skeletal system during disuse and age-related bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Durbin
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 6108, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
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Iwaniec UT, Turner RT, Smith BJ, Stoecker BJ, Rust A, Zhang B, Vasu VT, Gohil K, Cross CE, Traber MG. Evaluation of long-term vitamin E insufficiency or excess on bone mass, density, and microarchitecture in rodents. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:1209-1214. [PMID: 24051180 PMCID: PMC3859709 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
High dietary α-tocopherol levels reportedly result in osteopenia in growing rats, whereas α-tocopherol deficiency in α-tocopherol transfer protein-knockout (α-TTP-KO) mice results in increased cancellous bone mass. Because osteoporosis is a disease associated primarily with aging, we hypothesized that age-related bone loss would be attenuated in α-TTP-KO mice. Cancellous and cortical bone mass and microarchitecture were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and micro-computed tomography in 2-year-old α-TTP-KO and wild-type (WT) male and female mice fed dl-α-tocopherol acetate. In contrast to our expectations, differences in cancellous bone were not detected between WT and α-TTP-KO mice of either gender, and α-TTP-KO males had lower (p<0.05) cortical bone mass than WT males. We therefore evaluated bone mass, density, and microarchitecture in proximal femur of skeletally mature (8.5-month-old) male Sprague-Dawley rats fed diets containing low (15 IU/kg diet), adequate (75 IU/kg diet), or high (500 IU/kg diet) dl-α-tocopherol acetate for 13 weeks. Low dietary α-tocopherol did not increase bone mass. Furthermore, no reductions in cancellous or cortical bone mass were detected with high dietary α-tocopherol. Failure to detect increased bone mass in aged α-TTP-KO mice or bone changes in skeletally mature rats fed either low or high levels of α-tocopherol does not support the hypothesis that α-tocopherol has a negative impact on bone mass, density, or microarchitecture in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula T Iwaniec
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Russell T Turner
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Center for Healthy Aging Research, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Brenda J Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Barbara J Stoecker
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Human Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA
| | - Allison Rust
- Skeletal Biology Laboratory, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Bo Zhang
- Biostatistics Core, School of Biological and Population Health Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Vihas T Vasu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kishorchandra Gohil
- Department of Internal Medicine, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Carroll E Cross
- Department of Internal Medicine, Genome and Biomedical Sciences Facility, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Maret G Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Antiosteoporosis effect of radix scutellariae extract on density and microstructure of long bones in tail-suspended sprague-dawley rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:753703. [PMID: 24223617 PMCID: PMC3809931 DOI: 10.1155/2013/753703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 08/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Radix Scutellariae (RS), a medicinal herb, is extensively employed in traditional Chinese medicines and modern herbal prescriptions. Two major flavonoids in RS were known to induce osteoblastic differentiation and inhibit osteoclast differentiation, respectively. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Radix Scutellariae extract (RSE) against bone loss induced by mechanical inactivity or weightlessness. A hindlimb unloading tail-suspended rat model (TS) was established to determine the effect of RSE on bone mineral density and bone microarchitecture. Treatment of RSE at 50 mg/kg/day and alendronate (ALE) at 2 mg/kg/day as positive control for 42 days significantly increased the bone mineral density and mechanical strength compared with TS group. Enhanced bone turnover markers by TS treatment were attenuated by RSE and ALE administration. Deterioration of bone trabecula induced by TS was prevented. Moreover, both treatments counteracted the reduction of bone volume fraction, trabecular thickness and number, and connectivity density. In conclusion, RSE was demonstrated for the first time to prevent osteoporosis induced by TS treatment, which suggests the potential application of RSE in the treatment of disuse-induced osteoporosis.
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Effects of vitamin e on bone biomechanical and histomorphometric parameters in ovariectomized rats. J Osteoporos 2013; 2013:825985. [PMID: 24089643 PMCID: PMC3780659 DOI: 10.1155/2013/825985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the dose-dependent effect of vitamin E in reversing bone loss in ovariectomized (Ovx) rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were either Sham-operated (Sham) or Ovx and fed control diet for 120 days to lose bone. Subsequently, rats were divided into 5 groups (n = 12/group): Sham, Ovx-control, low dose (Ovx + 300 mg/kg diet; LD), medium dose (Ovx + 525 mg/kg diet; MD), and high dose (Ovx + 750 mg/kg diet; HD) of vitamin E and sacrificed after 100 days. Animals receiving MD and HD of vitamin E had increased serum alkaline phosphatase compared to the Ovx-control group. Bone histomorphometry analysis indicated a decrease in bone resorption as well as increased bone formation and mineralization in the Ovx groups supplemented with MD and HD of vitamin E. Microcomputed tomography findings indicated no effects of vitamin E on trabecular bone of fifth lumbar vertebrae. Animals receiving HD of vitamin E had enhanced fourth lumbar vertebra quality as evidenced by improved ultimate and yield load and stress when compared to Ovx-control group. These findings demonstrate that vitamin E improves bone quality, attenuates bone resorption, and enhances the rate of bone formation while being unable to restore bone density and trabecular bone structure.
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Vitamin e and bone structural changes: an evidence-based review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:250584. [PMID: 23118786 PMCID: PMC3483709 DOI: 10.1155/2012/250584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. This paper explores the effects of vitamin E on bone structural changes. Methods. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify relevant studies about vitamin E and osteoporosis/bone structural changes. A comprehensive search in Medline and CINAHL for relevant studies published between the years 1946 and 2012 was conducted. The main inclusion criteria were published in English, studies had to report the association or effect of vitamin E and osteoporosis-related bone changes, and the osteoporosis-related bone changes should be related to lifestyle variables, aging, or experimentally-induced conditions. Results. The literature search identified 561 potentially relevant articles, whereby 11 studies met the inclusion criteria. There were three human epidemiological studies and eight animal experimental studies included in this paper. Four animal studies reported positive bone structural changes with vitamin E supplementation. The rest of the studies had negative changes or no effect. Studies with positive changes reported better effects with tocotrienol vitamin E isomer supplementation. Conclusions. This evidence-based review underscores the potential of vitamin E being used for osteoporosis. The effect of one of the vitamin E isomers, tocotrienols, on bone structural changes warrants further exploration. Controlled human observational studies should be conducted to provide stronger evidence.
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Durbin SM, Jackson JR, Ryan MJ, Gigliotti JC, Alway SE, Tou JC. Resveratrol supplementation influences bone properties in the tibia of hindlimb-suspended mature Fisher 344 × Brown Norway male rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2012; 37:1179-88. [PMID: 23050779 DOI: 10.1139/h2012-099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The deleterious bone effects of mechanical unloading have been suggested to be due to oxidative stress and (or) inflammation. Resveratrol has both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; therefore, the study's objective was to determine whether providing resveratrol in the low supplementation range for a short duration prevents bone loss during mechanical unloading. Mature (6 months old) Fischer 344 × Brown Norway male rats were hindlimb-suspended (HLS) or kept ambulatory for 14 days. Rats were provided either trans-resveratrol (RES; 12.5 mg/kg body mass per day) or deionized distilled water by oral gavage for 21 days (7 days prior to and during the 14 days of HLS). Bone mass was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bone microstructure was determined by microcomputed tomography. HLS of rats resulted in femur trabecular bone deterioration. Resveratrol supplementation did not attenuate trabecular bone deterioration in HLS rats. Unexpectedly, HLS-RES rats had the lowest tibial bone mineral content (P < 0.05), calcium content and lower cortical thickness (P < 0.05), and increased porosity compared with HLS/control rats. Plasma osteocalcin was also lower (P < 0.04) in HLS/resveratrol rats. There were no significant effects on plasma C-reactive protein, a marker of systemic inflammation, or total antioxidant capacity. However, HLS-RES rats showed a negative relationship (r(2) = 0.69, P = 0.02) between plasma osteocalcin and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, a marker of lipid peroxidation. Based on the results, resveratrol supplementation of 6-month-old HLS male rats had no bone protective effects and possibly even detrimental bone effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Durbin
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
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Urban K, Höhling HJ, Lüttenberg B, Szuwart T, Plate U. An in vitro study of osteoblast vitality influenced by the vitamins C and E. Head Face Med 2012; 8:25. [PMID: 23021517 PMCID: PMC3489720 DOI: 10.1186/1746-160x-8-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C and vitamin E are known as important cellular antioxidants and are involved in several other non-antioxidant processes. Generally vitamin C and vitamin E are not synthesized by humans and therefore have to be applied by nutrition. The absence or deficiency of the vitamins can lead to several dysfunctions and even diseases (e.g. scurvy). The main interest in this study is that vitamin C and E are known to influence bone formation, e.g. vitamin C plays the key role in the synthesis of collagen, the major component of the extracellular bone matrix. In the present study we evaluate the effect of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and α-tocopherol (vitamin E) on the proliferation and differentiation of primary bovine osteoblasts in vitro. Starting from standard growth medium we minimized the foetal calf serum to reduce their stimulatory effect on proliferation. An improved growth and an increased synthesis of the extracellular matrix proteins collagen type I, osteonectin and osteocalcin was observed while increasing the ascorbic acid concentration up to 200 μg/ml. Furthermore the effects of α-tocopherol on cell growth and cell differentiation were examined, whereby neither improved growth nor increased synthesis of the extracellular matrix proteins collagen type I, osteonectin and osteocalcin were detected. Further investigations are necessary to target at better supportive effect of vitamins on bone regeneration, and healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kent Urban
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Juma SS, Ezzat-Zadeh Z, Khalil DA, Hooshmand S, Akhter M, Arjmandi BH. Soy protein with or without isoflavones failed to preserve bone density in gonadal hormone-deficient male rat model of osteoporosis. Nutr Res 2012; 32:694-700. [PMID: 23084642 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Soy with its isoflavones has been shown to positively influence bone mineral density in female ovariectomized rats; hence, we hypothesized a similar effect in orchidectomized (ORX) male rats. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 95 days, were divided into 4 groups and were either sham operated (Sham) or ORX. The ORX groups were fed a soy protein-based diet (SOY), an isoflavone-depleted soy protein diet (SOY-), or a casein based diet for 65 days after surgery. Orchidectomy increased the rate of bone turnover, resulting in reduced bone mineral density and bone mineral content by 3.5% and 14%, respectively, and compromised biomechanical properties. The mean femoral length of ORX animals was also significantly shorter than Sham animals, but ORX rats that were fed SOY diet did not experience this reduction in bone length, implicating a role for soy protein in bone growth (4.02 ± 0.02, 3.93 ± 0.01, 3.99 ± 0.02, 3.91 ± 0.01 for Sham, ORX, SOY, SOY-, respectively). The SOY and SOY- positively influenced the biomechanical properties of bone such as yield and ultimate force, the measures of bone elasticity, and plasticity. In terms of bone histomorphometry, the data indicate that SOY- tends to reduce ORX-induced increase in bone turnover as evidenced by suppressed bone formation rate/mineralized surface by about 9%. Overall, our results indicated that soy protein, regardless of its isoflavone content, was unable to prevent the ORX-induced femoral decrease in bone density and mineral content. However, soy may enhance the quality of bone as indicated by increased yield force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanil S Juma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX 76204, USA
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Mohamad S, Shuid AN, Mohamed N, Fadzilah FM, Mokhtar SA, Abdullah S, Othman F, Suhaimi F, Muhammad N, Soelaiman IN. The effects of alpha-tocopherol supplementation on fracture healing in a postmenopausal osteoporotic rat model. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2012; 67:1077-85. [PMID: 23018307 PMCID: PMC3438250 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2012(09)16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoporosis increases the risk of bone fractures and may impair fracture healing. The aim of this study was to investigate whether alpha-tocopherol can improve the late-phase fracture healing of osteoporotic bones in ovariectomized rats. METHOD In total, 24 female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups. The first group was sham-operated, and the other two groups were ovariectomized. After two months, the right femora of the rats were fractured under anesthesia and internally repaired with K-wires. The sham-operated and ovariectomized control rat groups were administered olive oil (a vehicle), whereas 60 mg/kg of alpha-tocopherol was administered via oral gavage to the alpha-tocopherol group for six days per week over the course of 8 weeks. The rats were sacrificed, and the femora were dissected out. Computed tomography scans and X-rays were performed to assess fracture healing and callus staging, followed by the assessment of callus strengths through the biomechanical testing of the bones. RESULTS Significantly higher callus volume and callus staging were observed in the ovariectomized control group compared with the sham-operated and alpha-tocopherol groups. The ovariectomized control group also had significantly lower fracture healing scores than the sham-operated group. There were no differences between the alpha-tocopherol and sham-operated groups with respect to the above parameters. The healed femora of the ovariectomized control group demonstrated significantly lower load and strain parameters than the healed femora of the sham-operated group. Alpha-tocopherol supplementation was not able to restore these biomechanical properties. CONCLUSION Alpha-tocopherol supplementation appeared to promote bone fracture healing in osteoporotic rats but failed to restore the strength of the fractured bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharlina Mohamad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Vitamin E as an Antiosteoporotic Agent via Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B Ligand Signaling Disruption: Current Evidence and Other Potential Research Areas. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:747020. [PMID: 22919420 PMCID: PMC3419565 DOI: 10.1155/2012/747020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a growing healthcare burden that affects the quality of life in the aging population. Vitamin E is a potential prophylactic agent that can impede the progression of osteoporosis. Various in vivo studies demonstrated the antiosteoporotic potential of vitamin E, but evidence on its molecular mechanism of action is limited. A few in vitro studies showed that various forms of vitamin E can affect the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) signaling and their molecular targets, thus preventing the formation of osteoclasts in the early stage of osteoclastogenesis. Various studies have also shown that the effects of the different isoforms of vitamin E differ. The effects of single isoforms and combinations of isoforms on bone metabolism are also different. Vitamin E may affect bone metabolism by disruption of free radical-mediated RANKL signaling, by its oestrogen-like effects, by its effects on the molecular mechanism of bone formation, by the anti-inflammatory effects of its long-chain metabolites on bone cells, and by the inhibition of 3-hydroxyl-3-methyglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA). In conclusion, the vitamin E isoforms have enormous potential to be used as prophylactic and therapeutic agents in preventing osteoporosis, but further studies should be conducted to elucidate their mechanisms of action.
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Hamidi MS, Corey PN, Cheung AM. Effects of vitamin E on bone turnover markers among US postmenopausal women. J Bone Miner Res 2012; 27:1368-80. [PMID: 22308007 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.1566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress and inflammation resulting from aging and declining estrogen levels can lead to increased bone loss in postmenopausal women. Alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol, the two predominant isomers of vitamin E, have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but their effects on bone metabolism have not been well studied in humans. We examined the associations between dietary and total (diet and supplements) alpha-tocopherol intake, serum alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol levels and their ratio, and bone turnover markers (BTMs) among postmenopausal women aged ≥45 years. We used cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2002. Multiple regression models with adjustments for relevant confounders were used to examine the associations between intake and serum levels of tocopherols, and serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), a biomarker of bone formation, and urinary N-telopeptides/creatinine (uNTx/Cr), a biomarker of bone resorption. The study sample included 497 postmenopausal women who were not taking estrogen, steroids, or osteoporosis medications, were free from kidney and liver disease, cancer, and rheumatoid arthritis, and were fasting >9 hours prior to examination. Participants had a mean age of 65.5 ± 0.6 years and over 45% used vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) supplements in the past month. Vitamin E supplement users had significantly lower serum gamma-tocopherol, higher serum alpha-tocopherol levels, and higher ratio of serum alpha-tocopherol to gamma-tocopherol than nonusers. High serum gamma-tocopherol levels and low ratio of serum alpha-tocopherol to gamma-tocopherol were associated with increased BAP levels (p < 0.01 for both). There were no associations between any of the vitamin E variables and uNTx/Cr. In conclusion, we hypothesize that gamma-tocopherol may uncouple bone turnover, resulting in more bone formation than resorption. Vitamin E supplements in the form of alpha-tocopherol suppress serum gamma-tocopherol levels and may have negative effects on bone formation. Further research is needed to investigate the potential anabolic effect of gamma-tocopherol from food sources on bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam S Hamidi
- Women's Health and Osteoporosis Programs, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, 7 Eaton North 221, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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38
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Momken I, Stevens L, Bergouignan A, Desplanches D, Rudwill F, Chery I, Zahariev A, Zahn S, Stein TP, Sebedio JL, Pujos‐Guillot E, Falempin M, Simon C, Coxam V, Andrianjafiniony T, Gauquelin‐Koch G, Picquet F, Blanc S. Resveratrol prevents the wasting disorders of mechanical unloading by acting as a physical exercise mimetic in the rat. FASEB J 2011; 25:3646-60. [PMID: 21715682 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-177295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Momken
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7178, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Laurence Stevens
- Laboratoire Activité Physique, Muscle et SantéUniversité de Lille I Lille France
| | - Audrey Bergouignan
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7178, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | | | - Floriane Rudwill
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7178, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Isabelle Chery
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7178, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Alexandre Zahariev
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7178, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - Sandrine Zahn
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7178, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
| | - T. Peter Stein
- Department of SurgeryUniversity of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey Newark New Jersey USA
| | - Jean Louis Sebedio
- UMR 1019, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA)Université d'Auvergne Clermont Ferrand France
| | - Estelle Pujos‐Guillot
- UMR 1019, Institut National de Recherche Agronomique (INRA)Université d'Auvergne Clermont Ferrand France
| | - Maurice Falempin
- Laboratoire Activité Physique, Muscle et SantéUniversité de Lille I Lille France
| | - Chantal Simon
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U870/INRA 1235Faculté de Médecine de Lyon Sud Lyon France
| | - Véronique Coxam
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, UMR 1019Alimentation Squelette et Métabolisme Saint Genes Champanelle France
| | | | | | - Florence Picquet
- Laboratoire Activité Physique, Muscle et SantéUniversité de Lille I Lille France
| | - Stéphane Blanc
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7178, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg France
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Soeta S, Higuchi M, Yoshimura I, Itoh R, Kimura N, Aamsaki H. Effects of vitamin E on the osteoblast differentiation. J Vet Med Sci 2010; 72:951-7. [PMID: 20215720 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.09-0487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E is thought to affect bone formation and bone remodeling. In this study, we investigated the effects of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol and delta-tocopherol) on the osteoblasts isolated from rat calvariae. At 4 and 7 days (Day 4 and 7) after induction of osteoblastic differentiation, treatment of alpha-tocopherol (100 and 200 microM) and delta-tocopherol (2 and 20 microM) for 3 days significantly decreased alkaline phophatase activity of the cultured osteoblasts. At Day 14, however, no significant change was detected in ALP activity and expression of bone sialoprotein mRNA in the osteoblasts treated with alpha-tocopherol or delta-tocopherol for 3 days. Expression of osteocalcin mRNA was decreased by treatment of alpha-tocopherol (100 and 200 microM) and delta-tocopherol (2 and 20 microM) at Day 4 and 7. At Day 14, expression of osteocalcin mRNA was decreased only with treatment of 200 microM alpha-tocopherol. In addition, the noncalcified nodules were decreased by treatment of alpha-tocopherol (200 microM) and delta-tocopherol (20 microM) at Day 7. However, treatment of alpha-tocopherol and delta-tocopherol showed no significant change of formation of calcified nodules at Day 14. These results indicate that vitamin E inhibits differentiation of osteoblasts especially from early stage to osteoid-producing stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Soeta
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, Japan.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A positive correlation between intake of antioxidants including vitamins E and C on bone mass has been established by a number of investigators. The present study was conducted to evaluate the extent to which higher doses of vitamin E than normal dose (75 IU per kg diet) can reverse bone loss in aged osteopenic orchidectomized male rats. METHODS Forty 12-month old male Sprague- Dawley rats were either sham-operated (Sham) or orchidectomized (Orx), and fed control diet for 120 days to establish bone loss. Thereafter, rats were assigned to their corresponding treatment groups (n= 10 per group): Sham and one Orx groups received 75 IU vitamin E and served as controls, and the other two Orx groups received either 250 or 500 IU vitamin E per kg diet for 90 days. RESULTS Higher doses of vitamin E did not improve bone mineral density (BMD) or content (BMC) of whole body, femur and lumbar vertebra or alter the orchidectomy-induced deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture of the distal femur metaphysis in comparison with Orx controls that received adequate vitamin E. Biochemical markers of bone formation and bone resorption, i.e. serum osteocalcin and urinary deoxypyridinoline crosslinks, were also unaffected by vitamin E supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the findings of the present study suggest that supplemental doses of vitamin E do not increase BMD values in male rat model of osteoporosis. However, human studies are needed to confirm the population findings indicating that individuals with higher vitamin E intake have higher bone mass.
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Puel C, Mardon J, Kati-Coulibaly S, Davicco MJ, Lebecque P, Obled C, Rock E, Horcajada MN, Agalias A, Skaltsounis LA, Coxam V. Black Lucques olives prevented bone loss caused by ovariectomy and talc granulomatosis in rats. Br J Nutr 2007; 97:1012-20. [PMID: 17408530 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114507659030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine whether olive fruits, rich in micronutrients, might improve bone loss in ovariectomized (OVX) rats (an experimental model of postmenopausal osteoporosis) and in OVX rats with granulomatosis inflammation (a model of senile osteoporosis). Six-month-old Wistar female rats underwent ovariectomy and were then immediately treated orally by substituting oil in the diet by 10 g/d green Lucques olives or 6 g/d black Lucques olives for each rat for 84 days. OVX rats and sham-operated controls received the same diet with oil. Three weeks before the end of the experiment, subcutaneous inflammation was provoked by injections of sterile magnesium silicate in half the animals in each group. In OVX rats, granulomatosis inflammation, characterized by a rise in inflammatory parameters such as fibrinogen, alpha1-acid glycoprotein, spleen weight and granulocyte level, and an impairment of oxidative status (as shown by a decrease in plasma antioxidant capacity, a higher rate of isoprostane excretion) elicited a bone loss in the whole femur and in the metaphyseal areas considered on their own. Whereas green olives had no effect on osteopenia, consumption of the black variety prevented bone loss in the whole femur and at cortical sites in those oestrogen-deficient animals with talc inflammation (diaphyseal bone mineral density: black olives and inflammation 0-2323 (SE 0.0026) v. ovariectomy and inflammation 0.2117 (SE 0.0030); P=0.027). This bone-sparing effect seemed to result from an improvement in the inflammatory and oxidative status. The present data show that black olives are able to prevent bone loss in an experimental model of senile osteoporosis (oestrogen-deficient rats in which a low-grade inflammation was induced by talc injection).
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Puel
- Unité des Maladies Métaboliques et Micronutriments, INRA Theix, 63122 Saint Genes-Champanelle, France
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Nazrun A, Chew C, Norazlina M, Kamsiah J, Nirwana IS. Repeatedly Heated Frying Oil and High Cholesterol Diet are Detrimental to the Bone Structure of Ovariectomised Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2007. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2007.160.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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