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Wei S, Li G, Li P, Qiu C, Jiang C, Liu M, Wu M, Li Z. Molecular level changes during suppression of Rhizoctonia solani growth by humic substances and relationships with chemical structure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 209:111749. [PMID: 33348258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Elucidation of the inhibitory effects of humic substances (HSs) on phytopathogenic fungi and the underlying molecular mechanisms are highly important for improved biocontrol. In this study, we investigated the growth suppression, morphological characteristics, transcriptomic sequence, and radical signals of Rhizoctonia solani following HS addition (50 mg/L). Through mycelial cultured experiment, mycelia growth of R. solani had been suppressed with HS addition, and the inhibition rate was 24.88 ± 0.11% compared to the control. Field emission-scanning electron microscopy showed increased and superimposed branching mycelial growth, with a shriveled appearance. RNA samples of R. solani cultured with or without HSs were both extracted to examine the sequence on molecular level by Illumina HiSeq sequencing platform. RNA sequencing analysis revealed 175 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; 111 upregulated and 64 downregulated) between the HSs treatment and control. The upregulated unigenes were annotated and significantly enriched to three molecular processes: vitamin B6 metabolism, ABC transporters, and glutathione metabolism, while the downregulated unigenes were annotated to carbohydrate metabolism, but not significantly enriched. Real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the unigenes related to hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, glutathione synthase, and glutathione reductase were significantly decreased (by 60.03%, 70.70%, 60.33%, and 57.59%, respectively), while those related to glutathione S-transferase were significantly increased (2.66-fold). The electron paramagnetic resonance spectra showed that HSs induced increased the intensity of radical signals of R. solani in a cultured system increased by 59.56% compared to CK (without HSs addition). Network analysis based on DEGs expression and the chemical structure of HSs revealed that the carbonyl moiety in HSs formed the most links with nodes of the DEGs (sum of the links of positive and negative effects = 70), implicating this structure as the active fraction responsible for the inhibitory effect. This study provides molecular and chemical evidence of the biofungicidal activity of HSs with the potential for practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiping Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71, East Beijing Road, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guilong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71, East Beijing Road, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pengfa Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71, East Beijing Road, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cunpu Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71, East Beijing Road, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71, East Beijing Road, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71, East Beijing Road, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Meng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71, East Beijing Road, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhongpei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 71, East Beijing Road, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Recycling of Organic Wastes through Composting: Process Performance and Compost Application in Agriculture. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10111838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Composting has become a preferable option to treat organic wastes to obtain a final stable sanitized product that can be used as an organic amendment. From home composting to big municipal waste treatment plants, composting is one of the few technologies that can be practically implemented at any scale. This review explores some of the essential issues in the field of composting/compost research: on one hand, the main parameters related to composting performance are compiled, with especial emphasis on the maturity and stability of compost; on the other hand, the main rules of applying compost on crops and other applications are explored in detail, including all the effects that compost can have on agricultural land. Especial attention is paid to aspects such as the improvement of the fertility of soils once compost is applied, the suppressor effect of compost and some negative experiences of massive compost application.
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De Corato U. Agricultural waste recycling in horticultural intensive farming systems by on-farm composting and compost-based tea application improves soil quality and plant health: A review under the perspective of a circular economy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 738:139840. [PMID: 32531600 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The vegetables supply chain of intensive farming systems has gained huge relevance due to environmental pollution, residual toxicity towards microorganisms and humans, development of plant pathogen resistance, biodiversity loss, and hazard to human health. Studies addressed to clean from misuse of plant fungicides, soil fumigants, and fertilizers have encouraged the search of eco-friendly alternatives. This paper aims to give deeper understand of new insights for on-farm composting and compost-based tea application for soil and plant through the virtuous reuse of agricultural waste. On-farm composting is viable option thanks to benefits on soil quality and plant health which valorize underused biomass. This paper critically discusses and compares the most promising technologies in order to recycle in situ residual biomass into high-value added products for soil amendment (compost) and plant treatment (compost-based tea). Compost contains minerals, heavy metals, humic substances, and endogenous microorganisms to improve soil quality. Compost application had many benefits against plant pathogens and diseases due to innovative tailored formulates. Compost can be employed either alone or in combination with exogenous microbial consortia (protists, fungi, oomycetes, yeast, actinomycetes, and bacteria) acting as biological control agents by fitting the agrochemical market requirements for improving soil quality and plant health. Liquid formulations made of crude compost-based teas and/or tailored mixtures of humic acids, fulvic acids, humin, macro-micronutrients, and endogenous microbiota have many benefits for plant growth and crop health. Nonetheless, the complex European regulations and national laws, manure surplus, variability in availability and transporting of compost, variability in compost quality and feedstock composition, greenhouse gas emissions, and energy requirement were very hard barriers for on-farm composting and compost derivatives application. Recommendations, novelties, innovations, sustainability, and directions of future researches that may help to solve a number of these issues under the new perspective of a circular economy system were presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo De Corato
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Department of Bioenergy, Biorefinery and Green Chemistry (DTE-BBC-BIC), Territorial Office of Bari, Via Giulio Petroni 15/F, Bari 70124, Italy.
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Guo XX, Liu HT, Wu SB. Humic substances developed during organic waste composting: Formation mechanisms, structural properties, and agronomic functions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 662:501-510. [PMID: 30695750 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic composting is a typical biochemical process of stabilization and harmlessness of organic wastes during which organic matter degrades, and then aggregates, to produce humic substances (HSs). HSs are a core product of-and a crucial indicator of-the maturation of compost that can be used in soil amendments. The formation of HSs is affected by the characteristics of the raw materials involved, the presence of compost additives, microbial activity, temperature, pH, the C/N ratio, moisture content, oxygen content and particle size, all of which can interact with each other. The formation of HSs is therefore complex. Moreover, it is difficult to identify definitive structures of humic acids (HAs) and fulvic acids (FAs), which are the two major components of HSs. However, HSs represent the same functional groups and structural arrangements, which helps to predict their structures. Functional groups represented by phenol and carboxylic acid groups of HAs and FAs can provide various agronomic functions, such as plant growth enhancement, water and nutrient retention, and disease suppression capacity. Overall, HSs can act as a soil amendment, fertilizer, and plant growth regulator. These functions of HSs enhance the reuse potential of organic waste compost products; however, this requires scientific control of various composting parameters and appropriate application of final products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xia Guo
- Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong-Tao Liu
- Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Shu-Biao Wu
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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Sun Y, Wang Y, Han LR, Zhang X, Feng JT. Antifungal Activity and Action Mode of Cuminic Acid from the Seeds of Cuminum cyminum L. against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Niveum (FON) Causing Fusarium Wilt on Watermelon. Molecules 2017; 22:E2053. [PMID: 29189726 PMCID: PMC6150018 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22122053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to develop a novel biofungicide, the antifungal activity and action mode of cuminic acid from the seed of Cuminum cyminum L. against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON) on watermelon was determined systematically. In this study, the median effective concentration (EC50) value for cuminic acid in inhibiting mycelial growth of FON was 22.53 μg/mL. After treatment with cuminic acid, the mycelial morphology was seriously influenced; cell membrane permeability and glycerol content were increased markedly, but pigment and mycotoxin (mainly fusaric acid) were significantly decreased. Synthesis genes of bikaverin (Bike1, Bike2 and Bike3) and fusaric acid (FUB1, FUB2, FUB3 and FUB4) both were downregulated compared with the control, as confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. In greenhouse experiments, cuminic acid at all concentrations displayed significant bioactivities against FON. Importantly, significant enhancement of activities of SOD, POD, CAT and decrease of MDA content were observed after in vivo cuminic acid treatment on watermelon leaves. These indicated that cuminic acid not only showed high antifungal activity, but also could enhance the self-defense system of the host plant. Above all, cuminic acid showed the potential as a biofungicide to control FON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticide, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticide, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Li Rong Han
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticide, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Xing Zhang
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticide, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Engineering and Research Center of Biological Pesticide of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Jun Tao Feng
- Research and Development Center of Biorational Pesticide, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China.
- Engineering and Research Center of Biological Pesticide of Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, China.
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Blaya J, López-Mondéjar R, Lloret E, Pascual JA, Ros M. Changes induced by Trichoderma harzianum in suppressive compost controlling Fusarium wilt. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 107:112-119. [PMID: 25149244 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The addition of species of Trichoderma to compost is a widespread technique used to control different plant diseases. The biological control activity of these species is mainly attributable to a combination of several mechanisms of action, which may affect the microbiota involved in the suppressiveness of compost. This study was therefore performed to determine the effect of inoculation of Trichoderma harzianum (T. harzianum) on compost, focusing on bacterial community structure (16S rRNA) and chitinase gene diversity. In addition, the ability of vineyard pruning waste compost, amended (GCTh) or not (GC) with T. harzianum, to suppress Fusarium wilt was evaluated. The addition of T. harzianum resulted in a high relative abundance of certain chitinolytic bacteria as well as in remarkable protection against Fusarium oxysporum comparable to that induced by compost GC. Moreover, variations in the abiotic characteristics of the media, such as pH, C, N and iron levels, were observed. Despite the lower diversity of chitinolytic bacteria found in GCTh, the high relative abundance of Streptomyces spp. may be involved in the suppressiveness of this growing media. The higher degree of compost suppressiveness achieved after the addition of T. harzianum may be due not only to its biocontrol ability, but also to changes promoted in both abiotic and biotic characteristics of the growing media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefa Blaya
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Rubén López-Mondéjar
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Lloret
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Pascual
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Margarita Ros
- Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Campus de Espinardo, P.O. Box 164, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Cao Y, Chang Z, Wang J, Ma Y, Fu G. The fate of antagonistic microorganisms and antimicrobial substances during anaerobic digestion of pig and dairy manure. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 136:664-671. [PMID: 23570714 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The goals of the present study were to evaluate the suppressive capability of anaerobically digested slurry (ADS) against Phytophthora capsici and to determine the key factors of disease control in ADS. This was achieved by the investigations of the changes in microbial populations and the levels of antimicrobial compound during anaerobic digestion (AD). AD had no significant impact on the numbers of antagonistic fluorescent pseudomonads or Bacillus sp. The contents of total phenolics, volatile fatty acids and sugar fed with the raw slurries to the reactors were decreased by AD. However, the bioreactor effluents had higher concentrations of humic substances and ammonia than the feedstocks. Moreover, AD had a different influence on the content of amino acid in the pig manure compared to the dairy manure. The results obtained indicated that the key inhibitory factors of ADS might be attributed to ammonia and humic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Cao
- Laboratory for Agricultural Wastes Treatment and Recycling, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
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Bernal-Vicente A, Ros M, Tittarelli F, Intrigliolo F, Pascual JA. Citrus compost and its water extract for cultivation of melon plants in greenhouse nurseries. Evaluation of nutriactive and biocontrol effects. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2008; 99:8722-8728. [PMID: 18499444 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2008.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2007] [Revised: 04/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Two different types of citrus composts, and their water extracts, were tested with regard to their utilisations as partial substitutes for peat in growing media for melon seedlings in greenhouse nurseries. Both compost showed higher plant growth than peat. Compost composed by citrus waste and green residue (C2) showed greater plant growth than compost obtained from the same organic matrices mentioned above further the addition of sludge obtained from citrus industry (C1). Compost C2 showed a greater auxinic effect than C1 and it was the only one that showed cytokinic effect. Both composts also demonstrated a biocontrol effect against Fusarium oxysporum for melon plants: the effects were also higher in C2 than in C1. Higher number of isolated fungi was active against F. oxysporum in compost C2, than compost C1. No different bacterial biocontrol efficacy was observed between both composts. The water extracts of both composts gave lower plant yields than their solid matrices, their relative effects being similar to those of the solid composts (C2 extract gave higher plant yields than the extract from C1). The biocontrol effects of compost water extracts followed the same trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bernal-Vicente
- Department of Soil Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del Segura, 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Loffredo E, Berloco M, Senesi N. The role of humic fractions from soil and compost in controlling the growth in vitro of phytopathogenic and antagonistic soil-borne fungi. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2008; 69:350-357. [PMID: 18177939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2007.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2007] [Revised: 11/05/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The regulation capacity of four humic substance (HS) samples, a soil humic acid (HA) and two HAs and one fulvic acid (FA) isolated from a composting substrate, was evaluated at two concentrations on the growth in vitro of one plant pathogenic, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and two antagonistic, Trichoderma viride and T. harzianum, soil-borne fungi. The presence of any HS sample in the growing medium, especially those from the composting substrate, caused a relevant inhibition of the mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum and a marked stimulation of sclerotial formation that was exhibited as early appearance and numerical increase. On the contrary, the same HS treatments generally did not inhibit the growth of the two Trichoderma species. In particular, T. viride was significantly stimulated by any HS sample at any concentration, with the only exception of HA from fresh-composting substrate, whereas T. harzianum appeared to be stimulated only slightly or not significantly influenced. Only S. sclerotiorum showed evident high correlations of both the extent of the inhibitory action on mycelial growth and the final number of sclerotia with some chemical and functional properties of HS, such as total acidity, COOH group content, and elemental composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Loffredo
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Chimica Agroforestale ed Ambientale, University of Bari, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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Novinscak A, Surette C, Filion M. Quantification of Salmonella spp. in composted biosolids using a TaqMan qPCR assay. J Microbiol Methods 2007; 70:119-26. [PMID: 17481755 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2007.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2007] [Revised: 03/28/2007] [Accepted: 03/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Composting is increasingly used to transform biosolids, obtained following wastewater treatment, into a more stable organic product that can be released in the environment. The process must however be closely monitored to assure that the end product meets the regulations set by environmental agencies with regards to the amount of pathogenic microorganisms present. In this study, a TaqMan qPCR approach targeting the invA gene was developed to monitor the presence of Salmonella spp. in composted biosolids. A validation step was first performed to evaluate the effect of compost age on the quantification of various concentrations of seeded Salmonella typhimurium. Secondly, qPCR was used to investigate the effect of composting time, varying from 1 month to 24 months, on the presence of Salmonella spp. naturally present in biosolids samples. Culture media were used in parallel to corroborate the results obtained by qPCR. The detection limit of the invA gene obtained experimentally from composts seeded with S. typhimurium was 5.8 copies or the equivalent of 5.8 CFU per qPCR reaction. Although the results indicated that compost age had a marginal effect on the detection of seeded S. typhimurium, the TaqMan qPCR approach was efficient at detecting and quantifying the amount of Salmonella spp. present in naturally contaminated composted biosolids of different ages. Results showed that there was a significant decrease in the amount of Salmonella DNA present in composted biosolids over time, which was also corroborated by the CFU counts obtained on the BSA culture medium. However, qPCR was more specific, robust and rapid to execute than performing counts on culture media. qPCR shows promise for routine examination of composted biosolids to ascertain that pathogenic microorganisms, including Salmonella spp., are decreased below acceptable limits before their application in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Novinscak
- Université de Moncton, Department of Biology, Moncton, NB, Canada E1A 3E9
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Ros M, Hernandez MT, Garcia C, Bernal A, Pascual JA. Biopesticide effect of green compost against fusarium wilt on melon plants. J Appl Microbiol 2005; 98:845-54. [PMID: 15752330 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02508.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The biopesticide effect of four green composts against fusarium wilt in melon plants and the effect of soil quality in soils amended with composts were assayed. METHODS AND RESULTS The composts consisted of pruning wastes, with or without addition of coffee wastes (3/1 and 4/1, dry wt/dry wt) or urea (1000/1, dry wt/dry wt). In vitro experiments suggested the biopesticide effect of the composts against Fusarium oxysporum, while only the compost of pine bark and urea (1000/1dry wt/dry wt) had an abiotic effect. Melon plant growth with composts and F. oxysporum was one to four times greater than in the non-amended soil, although there was no significant decrease in the level of the F. oxysporum in the soil. The addition of composts to the soil also improved its biological quality, as assessed by microbiological and biochemical parameters: ATP and hydrolases involved in the P (phosphatase), C (beta-glucosidase) and N (urease) cycles. CONCLUSIONS Green composts had greater beneficial characteristics, improved plant growth and controlled fusarium wilt in melon plants. These composts improve the soil quality of semi-arid agricultural soils. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Biotic and abiotic factors from composts have been tested as responsible of their biopesticide activity against fusarium wilt.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ros
- Department of Soil Water Conservation and Organic Waste Management, Centro de Edafologia y Biologia Aplicada del segura (CEBAS-CSIC), 30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
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Noble R, Coventry E. Suppression of soil-borne plant diseases with composts: A review. BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2005; 15:3-20. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1080/09583150400015904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
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