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Yao C, Yu L, Huang L, Chen Y, Guo X, Cao N, Liu Z, Shen J, Li X, Pang S, Li C. Sex-specific effects of propiconazole on the molting of the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 268:109612. [PMID: 36914039 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Given the inevitable exposure of Eriocheir sinensis (E. sinensis) to fungicides in rice-crab co-culture systems, understanding the potential effect of fungisides is important for practical application. Molting is a crucial development process of E. sinensis, which is regulated by endocrine system and genetic factors, and is susceptible to exogenous chemicals. However, the impact of fungicides application on the molting of E. sinensis have been rarely reported. In the present study, propiconazole, a widely used fungicide for rice disease management, was found to exert potential effects on the molting of E. sinensis at residual-related level in the rice-crab co-culture fields. After 14 days of short-term exposure to propiconazole, female crabs exhibited remarkably higher levels of hemolymph ecdysone than males. When the exposure was extended to 28 days, propiconazole markedly accelerated molt-inhibiting hormone expression by 3.3-fold, ecdysone receptor expression by 7.8-fold, and crustacean retinoid X receptor expression by 9.6-fold in male crabs, while it showed the opposite effect in females with suppressed gene expression. Propiconazole also induced the activity of N-acetylglucosaminidase in male crabs rather than females during the experiments. Our study suggests that propiconazole exerts sex-specific effects on the molting of E. sinensis. The impact of propiconazole application in the rice-crab co-culture systems remains more assessment to avoid affecting the growth of cultured E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlian Yao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Yu
- Solid Waste and Chemicals Management Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yajie Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuanjun Guo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Niannian Cao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoying Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Pang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Changsheng Li
- Institute of Cultural Heritage and History of Science & Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.
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Roohi, Kuddus M. Strain improvement studies on Microbacterium foliorum GA2 for production of α-amylase in solid state fermentation: Biochemical characteristics and wash performance analysis at low temperatures. J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 2017; 63:347-354. [DOI: 10.2323/jgam.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roohi
- Protein Research Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Integral University
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Luo J, Pei S, Jing W, Zou E, Wang L. Cadmium inhibits molting of the freshwater crab Sinopotamon henanense by reducing the hemolymph ecdysteroid content and the activities of chitinase and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase in the epidermis. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 169:1-6. [PMID: 25463647 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molting is an essential process during the growth of crustaceans, which is coordinated by ecdysteroids secreted by the Y-organ, molting inhibiting hormone secreted by the X-organ sinus-gland complex, as well as chitinase and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase synthesized by the epidermis. Cadmium is one of the toxic metals in the aquatic environment. However, the endocrine effects of cadmium on the molting of freshwater crabs and the underlying mechanisms are unknown. To investigate these, freshwater crabs (Sinopotamon henanense) were acutely exposed to 0, 7.25, 14.5 and 29 mg/l Cd for 3, 4, 5 days or in some experiments for 4 days after eyestalk-ablation. The concentration of hemolymph ecdysone and the activities of the molting enzymes chitinase and NAG were measured. Histological changes in the epidermal tissues were documented. Our results showed that eyestalk ablation increased the ecdysteroid content as well as the activities of chitinase and NAG, which were inhibited by cadmium in a concentration-dependent manner; histological examinations demonstrated that eyestalk ablation produced storage particles in the epidermal tissues, which was also reduced by cadmium in a concentration-dependent manner. Our data suggest that cadmium disrupts endocrine function through inhibiting the secretion of ecdysteroids by the Y-organ and altering with the regulation of chitinase and NAG activity in the epidermis. This work provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying the molting inhibition effect of cadmium on the crabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixian Luo
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Sihui Pei
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixin Jing
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Enmin Zou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Nicholls State University, Thibodaux, LA 70310, USA
| | - Lan Wang
- School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, People's Republic of China.
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Shibasaki H, Uchimura K, Miura T, Kobayashi T, Usami R, Horikoshi K. Highly thermostable and surfactant-activated chitinase from a subseafloor bacterium, Laceyella putida. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:7845-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5692-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Agrawal T, Kotasthane AS. Chitinolytic assay of indigenous Trichoderma isolates collected from different geographical locations of Chhattisgarh in Central India. SPRINGERPLUS 2012; 1:73. [PMID: 23526575 PMCID: PMC3602610 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-1-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chitin is the second most abundant polymer in nature after cellulose and plays a major role in fungal cell walls. As a producer of variety of chitinase enzymes Trichoderma has become an important means of biological control of fungal diseases. A simple and sensitive method based on the use of basal medium with colloidal chitin as sole carbon source supplemented with Bromo cresol purple (pH indicator dye) is proposed to evaluate large populations of Trichoderma for chitinase activity. The soluble substrate with pH indicator dye (Bromo cresol purple, BCP) for the assay of chitinase activity on solid media is sensitive, easy, reproducible semi-quantitative enzyme diffusion plate assay and economic option to determine chitinases. Colloidal chitin derived from Rhizoctonia cell wall and commercial chitin included as a carbon source in broth also allowed selection and comparison of chitinolytic and exochitinase activity in Trichoderma spectrophotometrically. Released N-acetyl-β--D-glucosamine (NAGA) ranged from 37.67 to 174.33 mg/ml and 37.67 to 327.67 mg/ml and p-nitrophenol (pNP) ranged from 0.17 to 35.78 X 10(-3) U/ml and 0.62 to 32.6 X 10(-3) U/ml) respectively with Rhizoctonia cell wall and commercial chitin derived colloidal chitin supplemented broth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshy Agrawal
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 492 006 Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Anil S Kotasthane
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, 492 006 Chhattisgarh, India
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Rajan L, Dharini J, Singh K, Sivvaswaam S, Sheela J, Sundar N. Identification, Cloning and Sequence Analysis of Chitinase Gene in Bacillus halodurans Isolated from Salted Fish. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/biotech.2010.229.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wang YJ, Yang Q. Cloning and Expression of a Novel Chitinase chi58 from Chaetomium cupreum in Pichia pastoris. Biochem Genet 2009; 47:547-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s10528-009-9251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Michel G, Barbeyron T, Kloareg B, Czjzek M. The family 6 carbohydrate-binding modules have coevolved with their appended catalytic modules toward similar substrate specificity. Glycobiology 2009; 19:615-23. [PMID: 19240276 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwp028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The survey of carbohydrate active enzymes in genomic data uncovered the modular architecture of most of these proteins. Many of the additional modules associated with catalytic modules tightly bind carbohydrates. The primary role of these carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) is to enhance the enzymatic activity of the ensemble by bringing their appended catalytic module(s) in intimate contact with their substrates. Biochemical and biophysical approaches have unraveled the subtle interplay of the modules and the structural basis for their ligand specificities, but little attention has been paid to the evolutionary mechanisms leading to the appearance of modular architecture in carbohydrate active enzymes. Focusing on the promiscuous family CBM6 modules, we investigated the evolution of substrate specificities in parallel to that of their respectively appended catalytic modules. An extensive phylogenetic analysis of family CBM6 modules indicates that these noncatalytic modules have diverged into clades which coincide with their substrate selectivity. These data as well as the remarkable congruence of the phylogenetic trees inferred from CBM6s on the one hand and their associated catalytic modules on the other hand show that CBM6s and their associated glycoside hydrolases have coevolved to acquire the same substrate specificity. We also propose an evolutionary scenario explaining the emergence of the modular agarases, by which existent alpha-agarases acquired their agar-binding CBM6 module through a lateral transfer from pre-existing beta-agarases. Altogether, this observed coevolution between CBM6s and their catalytic modules will facilitate the prediction of the substrate specificity of uncharacterized CBM6 modules present in genomic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurvan Michel
- UPMC University Paris 06, 3CNRS, UMR 7139 Marine Plants and Biomolecules, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, Bretagne, France.
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Ahmadian G, Degrassi G, Venturi V, Zeigler DR, Soudi M, Zanguinejad P. Bacillus pumilusSG2 isolated from saline conditions produces and secretes two chitinases. J Appl Microbiol 2007; 103:1081-9. [PMID: 17897213 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03340.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Isolation and characterization of chitinases from a halotolerant Bacillus pumilus. METHODS AND RESULTS Bacillus pumilus strain SG2 was isolated from saline conditions. It is able to produce chitinase activity at high salt concentration. SDS-PAGE analysis of the B. pumilus SG2 culture supernatant showed two major bands that were induced by chitin. The amino acid sequence of the two proteins, designated ChiS and ChiL, showed a high homology with the chitinase of B. subtilis CHU26, and chitinase A of B. licheniformis, respectively. N-terminal signal peptide of both proteins was also determined. The molecular weight and isoelectric point of the chitinases were determined to be 63 and 74 kDa, and 4.5 and 5.1, for ChiS and ChiL respectively. The genes encoding for both chitinases were isolated and their sequence determined. The regulation of the chitinase genes is under the control of the catabolite repression system. CONCLUSIONS Secreted chitinase genes and their flanking region on the genome of B. pumilus SG2 have been identified and sequenced. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first report of a multiple chitinases-producing B. pumilus halotolerant strain. We have identified two chitinases by using a reverse genetics approach. The chitinases show resistance to salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Ahmadian
- Department of Molecular Genetic, National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.
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Hjort K, Lembke A, Speksnijder A, Smalla K, Jansson JK. Community structure of actively growing bacterial populations in plant pathogen suppressive soil. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2007; 53:399-413. [PMID: 16944345 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-006-9120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2006] [Accepted: 05/01/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial community in soil was screened by using various molecular approaches for bacterial populations that were activated upon addition of different supplements. Plasmodiophora brassicae spores, chitin, sodium acetate, and cabbage plants were added to activate specific bacterial populations as an aid in screening for novel antagonists to plant pathogens. DNA from growing bacteria was specifically extracted from the soil by bromodeoxyuridine immunocapture. The captured DNA was fingerprinted by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). The composition of the dominant bacterial community was also analyzed directly by T-RFLP and by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). After chitin addition to the soil, some bacterial populations increased dramatically and became dominant both in the total and in the actively growing community. Some of the emerging bands on DGGE gels from chitin-amended soil were sequenced and found to be similar to known chitin-degrading genera such as Oerskovia, Kitasatospora, and Streptomyces species. Some of these sequences could be matched to specific terminal restriction fragments on the T-RFLP output. After addition of Plasmodiophora spores, an increase in specific Pseudomonads could be observed with Pseudomonas-specific primers for DGGE. These results demonstrate the utility of microbiomics, or a combination of molecular approaches, for investigating the composition of complex microbial communities in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hjort
- Department of Microbiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7025, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
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Kitamura E, Kamei Y. Molecular cloning of the gene encoding β-1,3(4)-glucanase A from a marine bacterium, Pseudomonas sp. PE2, an essential enzyme for the degradation of Pythium porphyrae cell walls. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2005; 71:630-7. [PMID: 16292531 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-005-0200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2005] [Revised: 09/22/2005] [Accepted: 09/23/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The beta-1,3(4)-glucanase A (GluA)-encoding gene named gluA was cloned from the genomic library of a marine bacterium Pseudomonas sp. PE2 by expression in Escherichia coli, and the complete DNA sequence was determined. The recombinant enzyme from Pseudomonas sp. PE2 was examined to determine the essential enzymes for degrading Pythium porphyrae cell walls, comparatively using other two recombinant enzymes, chitinase A and beta-1,3-glucanase B from the same bacterial strain. GluA most degraded the cell walls among these three enzymes, suggesting that GluA seems to be most important to P. porphyrae cell-wall-degrading activity. The deduced GluA is a modular enzyme composed of an N-terminal signal peptide, the tandem-duplicated carbohydrate-binding module family 6 (CBM(GluA)-1 and CBM(GluA)-2), and a glycoside hydrolase family 16 catalytic domain. Deletion analysis clearly indicated that GluA lacking CBM(GluA)-1 and CBM(GluA)-2 does not bind to Avicel and xylan. These results suggest that the tandem-repeated CBM of GluA may play a key role in the binding of Avicel and xylan as well as beta-1,3- and beta-1,3;1,4-glucans and is very important to bind to insoluble polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsushi Kitamura
- Coastal Bioenvironment Center, Saga University, 152-1 Shonan-cho, Karatsu, Saga 847-0021, Japan
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