1
|
Kikukawa H, Ando A, Hannya A, Farida Asras MF, Okuda T, Sakamoto T, Hara KY, Sakuradani E, Ogawa J. Mead acid production by disruption of Δ12-desaturase gene in Mortierella alpina 1S-4. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 136:353-357. [PMID: 37635046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Mead acid (MA; 20:3ω9) is one of the ω9 series of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). MA is used to inhibit the inflammation of joints and is applied to the medicinal or health food field. We aimed to construct MA-producing strains with disruption of the Δ12-desaturase gene (Δ12ds) via an efficient gene-targeting system using the lig4-disrupted strain of Mortierella alpina 1S-4 as the host. The transformants showed a unique fatty acid composition that only comprised ω9-PUFAs and saturated fatty acids, while ω6-and ω3-PUFAs were not detected, and the total composition of ω9-PUFAs, including oleic acid (18:1ω9), 18:2ω9, 20:1ω9, 20:2ω9, and MA, was up to 68.4% of the total fatty acids. The MA production in the Δ12ds-disruptant reached 0.10 g/L (8.5%), which exceeded 0.050 g/L (4.6%) in the conventional Δ12ds-defective mutant JT-180.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kikukawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Akinori Ando
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Asuka Hannya
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Mohd Fazli Farida Asras
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Okuda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takaiku Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Y Hara
- Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Eiji Sakuradani
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Recent Molecular Tools for the Genetic Manipulation of Highly Industrially Important Mucoromycota Fungi. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7121061. [PMID: 34947043 PMCID: PMC8705501 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucorales is the largest and most well-studied order of the phylum Mucormycota and is known for its rapid growth rate and various industrial applications. The Mucorales fungi are a fascinating group of filamentous organisms with many uses in research and the industrial and medical fields. They are widely used biotechnological producers of various secondary metabolites and other value-added products. Certain members of Mucorales are extensively used as model organisms for genetic and molecular investigation and have extended our understanding of the metabolisms of other members of this order as well. Compared with other fungal species, our understanding of Mucoralean fungi is still in its infancy, which could be linked to their lack of effective genetic tools. However, recent advancements in molecular tools and approaches, such as the construction of recyclable markers, silencing vectors, and the CRISPR-Cas9-based gene-editing system, have helped us to modify the genomes of these model organisms. Multiple genetic modifications have been shown to generate valuable products on a large scale and helped us to understand the morphogenesis, basic biology, pathogenesis, and host–pathogen interactions of Mucoralean fungi. In this review, we discuss various conventional and modern genetic tools and approaches used for efficient gene modification in industrially important members of Mucorales.
Collapse
|
3
|
Chang L, Lu H, Chen H, Tang X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Chen W. Lipid metabolism research in oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina: Current progress and future prospects. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 54:107794. [PMID: 34245810 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina has distinct advantages in long-chain PUFAs production, and it is the only source for dietary arachidonic acid (ARA) certificated by FDA and European Commission. This review provides an overall introduction to M. alpina, including its major research methods, key factors governing lipid biosynthesis, metabolic engineering and omics studies. Currently, the research interests in M. alpina focus on improving lipid yield and fatty acid desaturation degree by enhancing fatty acid precursors and the reducing power NADPH, and genetic manipulation on PUFAs synthetic pathways is carried to optimise fatty acid composition. Besides, multi-omics studies have been applied to elucidate the global regulatory mechanism of lipogenesis in M. alpina. However, research challenges towards achieving a lipid cell factory lie in strain breeding and cost control due to the coenocytic mycelium, long fermentation period and insufficient conversion rate from carbon to lipid. We also proposed future research goals based on a multilevel regulating strategy: obtaining ideal chassis by directional evolution and high-throughput screening; rewiring central carbon metabolism and inhibiting competitive pathways by multi-gene manipulation system to enhance carbon to lipid conversion rate; optimisation of protein function based on post-translational modification; application of dynamic fermentation strategies suitable for different fermentation phases. By reviewing the comprehensive research progress of this oleaginous fungus, we aim to further comprehend the fungal lipid metabolism and provide reference information and guidelines for the exploration of microbial oils from the perspectives of fundamental research to industrial application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Hengqian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| | - Yong Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center, Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mo BKH, Ando A, Nakatsuji R, Okuda T, Takemoto Y, Ikemoto H, Kikukawa H, Sakamoto T, Sakuradani E, Ogawa J. Characterization of ω3 fatty acid desaturases from oomycetes and their application toward eicosapentaenoic acid production in Mortierella alpina. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1252-1265. [PMID: 33728459 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
ω3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids are currently obtained mainly from fisheries; thus, sustainable alternative sources such as oleaginous microorganisms are required. Here, we describe the isolation, characterization, and application of 3 novel ω3 desaturases with ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid-producing activity at ordinary temperatures (28 °C). First, we selected Pythium sulcatum and Plectospira myriandra after screening for oomycetes with high eicosapentaenoic acid/arachidonic acid ratios and isolated the genes psulω3 and pmd17, respectively, which encode ω3 desaturases. Subsequent characterization showed that PSULω3 exhibited ω3 desaturase activity on both C18 and C20 ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids while PMD17 exhibited ω3 desaturase activity exclusively on C20 ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Expression of psulω3 and pmd17 in the arachidonic acid-producer Mortierella alpina resulted in transformants that produced eicosapentaenoic acid/total fatty acid values of 38% and 40%, respectively, at ordinary temperatures. These ω3 desaturases should facilitate the construction of sustainable ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acid sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian K H Mo
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akinori Ando
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nakatsuji
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Okuda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Takemoto
- Health Care Research Center, Nisshin Pharma Inc., Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ikemoto
- Health Care Research Center, Nisshin Pharma Inc., Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kikukawa
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Takaiku Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Eiji Sakuradani
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang H, Cui Q, Song X. Research advances on arachidonic acid production by fermentation and genetic modification of Mortierella alpina. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 37:4. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02984-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
6
|
Wang S, Chen H, Wang Y, Pan C, Tang X, Zhang H, Chen W, Chen Y. Effects of
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
strain types on the
Agrobacterium‐
mediated transformation efficiency of filamentous fungus
Mortierella alpina. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 70:388-393. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu P.R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - H. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu P.R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Y. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu P.R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - C. Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu P.R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - X. Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu P.R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - H. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu P.R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu P.R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu P.R. China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch Wuxi Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - W. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu P.R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu P.R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu P.R. China
- Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU) Beijing P.R. China
| | - Y.Q. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu P.R. China
- School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu P.R. China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu P.R. China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute Wuxi Branch Wuxi Jiangsu P.R. China
- Department of Cancer Biology Wake Forest School of Medicine Winston‐Salem NC USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wilken SE, Swift CL, Podolsky IA, Lankiewicz TS, Seppälä S, O'Malley MA. Linking ‘omics’ to function unlocks the biotech potential of non-model fungi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coisb.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
8
|
Optimization of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation method of oleaginous filamentous fungus Mortierella alpina on co-cultivation materials choice. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 152:179-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
9
|
Tang X, Chen H, Mei T, Ge C, Gu Z, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Chen W. Characterization of an Omega-3 Desaturase From Phytophthora parasitica and Application for Eicosapentaenoic Acid Production in Mortierella alpina. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1878. [PMID: 30154780 PMCID: PMC6102326 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs) have important therapeutic and nutritional benefits in humans. In the biosynthesis pathways of these LC-PUFAs, omega-3 desaturase plays a critical role. In this study, we report a new omega-3 desaturase (PPD17) from Phytophthora parasitica. This desaturase shares high similarities with the known omega-3 desaturases and was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the activity and substrate specificity research. The desaturase has a wide omega-6 fatty acid substrate, containing both 18C and 20C fatty acids, and exhibits a strong activity of delta-17 desaturase but a weak activity of delta-15 desaturase. The new desaturase converted the omega-6 arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4) to EPA (an omega-3 LC-PUFA, C20:5) with a substrate conversion rate of 70%. To obtain a high EPA-producing strain, we transformed PPD17 into Mortierella alpina, an AA-producing filamentous fungus. The EPA content of the total fatty acids in reconstruction strains reached 31.5% and was followed by the fermentation optimization of the EPA yield of up to 1.9 g/L. This research characterized a new omega-3 desaturase and provides a possibility of industrially producing EPA using M. alpina.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tiantian Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Chengfeng Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhennan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Beijing Innovation Centre of Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kikukawa H, Sakuradani E, Ando A, Shimizu S, Ogawa J. Arachidonic acid production by the oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4: A review. J Adv Res 2018; 11:15-22. [PMID: 30034872 PMCID: PMC6052653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The filamentous fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4 is capable of accumulating a large amount of triacylglycerol containing C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Indeed, triacylglycerol production by M. alpina 1S-4 can reach 20 g/L of culture broth, and the critical cellular signaling and structural PUFA arachidonic acid (ARA) comprises 30%–70% of the total fatty acid. The demonstrated health benefits of functional PUFAs have in turn encouraged the search for rich sources of these compounds, including fungal strains showing enhanced production of specific PUFAs. Screening for mutants and targeted gene manipulation of M. alpina 1S-4 have elucidated the functions of various enzymes involved in PUFA biosynthesis and established lines with improved PUFA productivity. In some cases, these strains have been used for indistrial-scale production of PUFAs, including ARA. In this review, we described practical ARA production through mutant breeding, functional analyses of genes encoding enzymes involved in PUFA biosynthesis, and recent advances in the production of specific PUFAs through molecular breeding of M. alpina 1S-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kikukawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Eiji Sakuradani
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima, 2-1 Minami-josanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Akinori Ando
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Sakayu Shimizu
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto Gakuen University, 1-1 Nanjo, Sogabe, Kameoka 621-8555, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kikukawa H, Sakuradani E, Ando A, Okuda T, Shimizu S, Ogawa J. Microbial production of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid by Δ5-desaturase gene-disruptants of Mortierella alpina 1S-4. J Biosci Bioeng 2016; 122:22-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
12
|
Omega-3 eicosatetraenoic acid production by molecular breeding of the mutant strain S14 derived from Mortierella alpina 1S-4. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 120:299-304. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
13
|
Okuda T, Ando A, Negoro H, Muratsubaki T, Kikukawa H, Sakamoto T, Sakuradani E, Shimizu S, Ogawa J. Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) production by an oleaginous fungusMortierella alpinaexpressing heterologous the Δ17-desaturase gene under ordinary temperature. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201400657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Okuda
- Division of Applied Life Science; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Akinori Ando
- Division of Applied Life Science; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
- Research Unit for the Physiological Chemistry; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Hiroaki Negoro
- Division of Applied Life Science; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Tatsuya Muratsubaki
- Division of Applied Life Science; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kikukawa
- Division of Applied Life Science; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Takaiku Sakamoto
- Division of Applied Life Science; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
| | - Eiji Sakuradani
- Division of Applied Life Science; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
- Institute of Technology and Science; The University of Tokushima; Tokushima Japan
| | - Sakayu Shimizu
- Division of Applied Life Science; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology; Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science; Kyoto Gakuen University; Sogabe-cho; Kameoka Kyoto Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Science; Graduate School of Agriculture; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
- Research Unit for the Physiological Chemistry; Kyoto University; Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho; Sakyo-ku Kyoto Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kikukawa H, Sakuradani E, Ando A, Okuda T, Ochiai M, Shimizu S, Ogawa J. Disruption of lig4 improves gene targeting efficiency in the oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4. J Biotechnol 2015; 208:63-9. [PMID: 26052021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The oil-producing zygomycete Mortierella alpina 1S-4 is known to accumulate beneficial polyunsaturated fatty acids. We identified the lig4 gene that encodes for a DNA ligase 4 homolog, which functions to repair double strand breaks by non-homologous end joining. We disrupted the lig4 gene to improve the gene targeting efficiency in M. alpina. The M. alpina 1S-4 Δlig4 strains showed no defect in vegetative growth, formation of spores, and fatty acid production, but exhibited high sensitivity to methyl methansulfonate, an agent that causes DNA double-strand breaks. Importantly, gene replacement of ura5 marker by CBXB marker occurred in 67% of Δlig4 strains and the gene targeting efficiency was 21-fold greater than that observed in disruption of the lig4 gene in the M. alpina 1S-4 host strain. Further metabolic engineering of the Δlig4 strains is expected to result in strains that produce higher levels of rare and beneficial polyunsaturated fatty acids and contribute to basic research on the zygomycete.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kikukawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Eiji Sakuradani
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-Josanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Akinori Ando
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Okuda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Misa Ochiai
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd., 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8503, Japan
| | - Sakayu Shimizu
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto Gakuen University, 1-1 Nanjo, Sogabe, Kameoka 621-8555, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan; Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kikukawa H, Sakuradani E, Nakatani M, Ando A, Okuda T, Sakamoto T, Ochiai M, Shimizu S, Ogawa J. Gene targeting in the oil-producing fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4 and construction of a strain producing a valuable polyunsaturated fatty acid. Curr Genet 2015; 61:579-89. [PMID: 25782448 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-015-0481-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To develop an efficient gene-targeting system in Mortierella alpina 1S-4, we identified the ku80 gene encoding the Ku80 protein, which is involved in the nonhomologous end-joining pathway in genomic double-strand break (DSB) repair, and constructed ku80 gene-disrupted strains via single-crossover homologous recombination. The Δku80 strain from M. alpina 1S-4 showed no negative effects on vegetative growth, formation of spores, and fatty acid productivity, and exhibited high sensitivity to methyl methanesulfonate, which causes DSBs. Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA)-producing strains were constructed by disruption of the Δ5-desaturase gene, encoding a key enzyme of bioconversion of DGLA to ARA, using the Δku80 strain as a host strain. The significant improvement of gene-targeting efficiency was not observed by disruption of the ku80 gene, but the construction of DGLA-producing strain by disruption of the Δ5-desaturase gene was succeeded using the Δku80 strain as a host strain. This report describes the first study on the identification and disruption of the ku80 gene in zygomycetes and construction of a DGLA-producing transformant using a gene-targeting system in M. alpina 1S-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kikukawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Eiji Sakuradani
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Institute of Technology and Science, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-josanjima, Tokushima, 770-8506, Japan
| | - Masato Nakatani
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Akinori Ando
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Okuda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takaiku Sakamoto
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Misa Ochiai
- Research Institute, Suntory Global Innovation Center Ltd., 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka, 618-8503, Japan
| | - Sakayu Shimizu
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto Gakuen University, 1-1 Nanjo, Sogabe, Kameoka, 621-8555, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Transformation of Zygomycete Mortierella alpina Using Biolistic Particle Bombardment. Fungal Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-10142-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
17
|
|
18
|
Okuda T, Ando A, Sakuradani E, Kikukawa H, Kamada N, Ochiai M, Shima J, Ogawa J. Selection and characterization of promoters based on genomic approach for the molecular breeding of oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4. Curr Genet 2014; 60:183-91. [PMID: 24562865 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-014-0423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To express a foreign gene effectively, a good expression system is required. In this study, we investigated various promoters as useful tools for gene manipulation in oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4. We selected and cloned the promoter regions of 28 genes in M. alpina 1S-4 on the basis of expression sequence tag abundance data. The activity of each promoter was evaluated using the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. Eight of these promoters were shown to enhance GUS expression more efficiently than a histone promoter, which is conventionally used for the gene manipulation in M. alpina. Especially, the predicted protein 3 and the predicted protein 6 promoters demonstrated approximately fivefold higher activity than the histone promoter. The activity of some promoters changed along with the cultivation phase of M. alpina 1S-4. Seven promoters with constitutive or time-dependent, high-level expression activity were selected, and deletion analysis was carried out to determine the promoter regions required to retain activity. This is the first report of comprehensive promoter analysis based on a genomic approach for M. alpina. The promoters described here will be useful tools for gene manipulation in this strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Okuda
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8052, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Characterization of galactose-dependent promoters from an oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4. Curr Genet 2014; 60:175-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-014-0422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
20
|
Role of malic enzyme during fatty acid synthesis in the oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:2672-8. [PMID: 24532075 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00140-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of NADPH by malic enzyme (ME) was postulated to be a rate-limiting step during fatty acid synthesis in oleaginous fungi, based primarily on the results from research focusing on ME in Mucor circinelloides. This hypothesis is challenged by a recent study showing that leucine metabolism, rather than ME, is critical for fatty acid synthesis in M. circinelloides. To clarify this, the gene encoding ME isoform E from Mortierella alpina was homologously expressed. ME overexpression increased the fatty acid content by 30% compared to that for a control. Our results suggest that ME may not be the sole rate-limiting enzyme, but does play a role, during fatty acid synthesis in oleaginous fungi.
Collapse
|
21
|
Sakuradani E, Ando A, Shimizu S, Ogawa J. Metabolic engineering for the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids by oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4. J Biosci Bioeng 2013; 116:417-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
22
|
Ji XJ, Ren LJ, Nie ZK, Huang H, Ouyang PK. Fungal arachidonic acid-rich oil: research, development and industrialization. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2013; 34:197-214. [PMID: 23631634 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2013.778229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Fungal arachidonic acid (ARA)-rich oil is an important microbial oil that affects diverse physiological processes that impact normal health and chronic disease. In this article, the historic developments and technological achievements in fungal ARA-rich oil production in the past several years are reviewed. The biochemistry of ARA, ARA-rich oil synthesis and the accumulation mechanism are first introduced. Subsequently, the fermentation and downstream technologies are summarized. Furthermore, progress in the industrial production of ARA-rich oil is discussed. Finally, guidelines for future studies of fungal ARA-rich oil production are proposed in light of the current progress, challenges and trends in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jun Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology , Nanjing , People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Karimi S, Wetzel J, Wöstemeyer J, Burmester A. Transformation of the fungus Absidia glauca by complementation of a methionine-auxotrophic strain affected in the homoserine-acetyltransferase gene. FEBS Open Bio 2012; 2:197-201. [PMID: 23650600 PMCID: PMC3642153 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transformation of fungi by complementation of auxotrophs is generally much more reliable than usage of antibiotic resistance markers. In order to establish such a system for the model zygomycete Absidia glauca, a stable methionine auxotrophic mutant was isolated after X-ray mutagenesis of the minus mating type and characterized at the molecular level. The mutant is disrupted in the coding region of the Met2-1 gene, encoding homoserine O-acetyltransferase. The corresponding wild type gene was cloned, sequenced and inserted into appropriate vector plasmids. Transformants are prototrophs and show restored methionine-independent growth, based on complementation by the autonomously replicating plasmids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sedighe Karimi
- General Microbiology and Microbe Genetics, Friedrich-Schiller University Jena, Neugasse 24, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Establishment of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of an oleaginous fungus, Mortierella alpina 1S-4, and its application for eicosapentaenoic acid producer breeding. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:5529-35. [PMID: 19581481 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00648-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene manipulation tools for an arachidonic-producing filamentous fungus, Mortierella alpina 1S-4, have not been sufficiently developed. In this study, Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) was investigated for M. alpina 1S-4 transformation, using the uracil-auxotrophic mutant (ura5(-) strain) of M. alpina 1S-4 as a host strain and the homologous ura5 gene as a selectable marker gene. Furthermore, the gene for omega3-desaturase, catalyzing the conversion of n-6 fatty acid to n-3 fatty acid, was overexpressed in M. alpina 1S-4 by employing the ATMT system. As a result, we revealed that the frequency of transformation surpassed 400 transformants/10(8) spores, most of the integrated T-DNA appeared as a single copy at a random position in chromosomal DNA, and most of the transformants (60 to 80%) showed mitotic stability. Moreover, the accumulation of n-3 fatty acid in transformants was observed under the conditions of optimal omega3-desaturase gene expression. In particular, eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3), an end product of n-3 fatty acids synthesized in M. alpina 1S-4, reached a maximum of 40% of total fatty acids. In conclusion, the ATMT system was found to be effective and suitable for the industrial strain Mortierella alpina 1S-4 and will be a useful tool for basic mutagenesis research and for industrial breeding of this strain.
Collapse
|
25
|
Sakuradani E, Ando A, Ogawa J, Shimizu S. Improved production of various polyunsaturated fatty acids through filamentous fungus Mortierella alpina breeding. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 84:1-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-2076-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Revised: 06/03/2009] [Accepted: 06/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
26
|
Ando A, Sakuradani E, Horinaka K, Ogawa J, Shimizu S. Transformation of an oleaginous zygomycete Mortierella alpina 1S-4 with the carboxin resistance gene conferred by mutation of the iron–sulfur subunit of succinate dehydrogenase. Curr Genet 2009; 55:349-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00294-009-0250-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2009] [Revised: 04/27/2009] [Accepted: 05/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
27
|
Identification of a novel fatty acid elongase with a wide substrate specificity from arachidonic acid-producing fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2009; 84:709-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-009-1999-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
28
|
Single cell oil production by Mortierella alpina. J Biotechnol 2009; 144:31-6. [PMID: 19409938 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2009.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A filamentous fungus, Mortierella alpina 1S-4, was obtained, through extensive screening, as an potential producer of triacylglycerol containing C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as arachidonic acid. With this discovery as a starting point, we conducted employing methods from metabolic engineering and molecular biology for controlling cultures and breeding mutant strains. These parental and mutant strains are now used for large-scale production of a variety of PUFAs.
Collapse
|
29
|
Functional analysis of a fatty acid elongase from arachidonic acid-producing Mortierella alpina 1S-4. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 81:497-503. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2008] [Revised: 08/21/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
30
|
Nakayashiki H, Nguyen QB. RNA interference: roles in fungal biology. Curr Opin Microbiol 2008; 11:494-502. [PMID: 18955156 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2008.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2008] [Revised: 09/26/2008] [Accepted: 10/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) has been the major recent breakthrough in biology. Only a few years after its discovery, RNAi has rapidly become a powerful reverse genetic tool, especially in organisms where gene targeting is inefficient and/or time-consuming. In filamentous fungi, RNAi is not currently used as widely as is gene targeting by homologous recombination that works with practical efficiencies in most model fungal species. However, to explore gene function in filamentous fungi, RNAi has the potential to offer new, efficient tools that gene disruption methods cannot provide. In this review, possible advantages and disadvantages of RNAi for fungal biology in the postgenomics era will be discussed. In addition, we will briefly review recent discoveries on RNAi-related biological phenomena (RNA silencing) in fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Nakayashiki
- Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Filamentous fungi for production of food additives and processing aids. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2008. [PMID: 18253709 DOI: 10.1007/10_2007_094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Filamentous fungi are metabolically versatile organisms with a very wide distribution in nature. They exist in association with other species, e.g. as lichens or mycorrhiza, as pathogens of animals and plants or as free-living species. Many are regarded as nature's primary degraders because they secrete a wide variety of hydrolytic enzymes that degrade waste organic materials. Many species produce secondary metabolites such as polyketides or peptides and an increasing range of fungal species is exploited commercially as sources of enzymes and metabolites for food or pharmaceutical applications. The recent availability of fungal genome sequences has provided a major opportunity to explore and further exploit fungi as sources of enzymes and metabolites. In this review chapter we focus on the use of fungi in the production of food additives but take a largely pre-genomic, albeit a mainly molecular, view of the topic.
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang X, Li M, Wei D, Wang X, Chen X, Xing L. Disruption of the fatty acid Delta6-desaturase gene in the oil-producing fungus Mortierella isabellina by homologous recombination. Curr Microbiol 2007; 55:128-34. [PMID: 17619102 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-006-0641-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2006] [Accepted: 03/29/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The gamma-linolenic acid-producing fungus Mortierella isabellina 6-22 is an important industrial strain. To clarify the biosynthetic pathways for polyunsaturated fatty acids in this strain, a disruption vector pD4MI6, including 5' and 3' regions of the fatty acid Delta(6)-desaturase open reading frame as homologous recombination elements and the Escherichia coli hygromycin B (HmB) phosphotransferase gene (hph) as selectable marker, was successfully constructed. Following transformation of pD4MI6 into the hygromycin B-sensitive recipient strain M. isabellina 6-22-4, a Delta(6)-desaturase gene-defective mutant strain was selected that was unable to produce gamma-linolenic acid as determined by gas chromatography and molecular analysis. The morphology and physiology of the mutant, such as colony shape, color, and growth rate, were changed dramatically compared with that of strain M. isabellina 6-22-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Zhang
- College of Life Science, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
|
34
|
Zhang S, Sakuradani E, Shimizu S. Identification of a sterol Delta7 reductase gene involved in desmosterol biosynthesis in Mortierella alpina 1S-4. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:1736-41. [PMID: 17220261 PMCID: PMC1828827 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02425-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2006] [Accepted: 01/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular cloning of the gene encoding sterol Delta7 reductase from the filamentous fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4, which accumulates cholesta-5,24-dienol (desmosterol) as the main sterol, revealed that the open reading frame of this gene, designated MoDelta7SR, consists of 1,404 bp and codes for 468 amino acids with a molecular weight of 53,965. The predicted amino acid sequence of MoDelta7SR showed highest homology of 51% with that of sterol Delta7 reductase (EC 1.3.1.21) from Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog). Heterologous expression of the MoDelta7SR gene in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae revealed that MoDelta7SR converts ergosta-5,7-dienol to ergosta-5-enol (campesterol) by the activity of Delta7 reductase. In addition, with gene silencing of MoDelta7SR gene by RNA interference, the transformant accumulated cholesta-5,7,24-trienol up to 10% of the total sterols with a decrease in desmosterol. Cholesta-5,7,24-trienol is not detected in the control strain. This indicates that MoDelta7SR is involved in desmosterol biosynthesis in M. alpina 1S-4. This study is the first report on characterization of sterol Delta7 reductase from a microorganism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Division of Applied Life of Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Takeno S, Sakuradani E, Tomi A, Inohara-Ochiai M, Kawashima H, Shimizu S. Transformation of oil-producing fungus, Mortierella alpina 1S-4, using Zeocin, and application to arachidonic acid production. J Biosci Bioeng 2006; 100:617-22. [PMID: 16473770 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.100.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2005] [Accepted: 08/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The arachidonic acid-producing fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4, an industrial strain, was endowed with Zeocin resistance by integration of the Zeocin-resistance gene at the rDNA locus of genomic DNA. Plasmid DNA was introduced into spores by microprojectile bombardment. Twenty mg/ml Zeocin completely inhibited the germination of M. alpina 1S-4 spores, and decreased the growth rate of fungal filaments to some extent. It was suggested that preincubation period and temperature had a great influence on transformation efficiency. Four out of 26 isolated transformants were selected. Molecular analysis of these stable transformants showed that the plasmid DNA was integrated into the rDNA locus of the genomic DNA. We expect that this system will be applied for useful oil production by gene manipulation of M. alpina 1S-4 and its derivative mutants. On the basis of the fundamental transformation system, we also tried to overexpress a homologous polyunsaturated fatty acid elongase gene, which has been reported to be included in the rate-limiting step for arachidonic acid production, thereby leading to increased arachidonic acid production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seiki Takeno
- Laboratory of Fermentation Physiology and Applied Microbiology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Takeno S, Sakuradani E, Tomi A, Inohara-Ochiai M, Kawashima H, Ashikari T, Shimizu S. Improvement of the fatty acid composition of an oil-producing filamentous fungus, Mortierella alpina 1S-4, through RNA interference with delta12-desaturase gene expression. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:5124-8. [PMID: 16151095 PMCID: PMC1214649 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.9.5124-5128.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2004] [Accepted: 04/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
An oleaginous fungus, Mortierella alpina 1S-4, is used commercially for arachidonic acid production. Delta12-Desaturase, which desaturates oleic acid (18:1n-9) to linoleic acid (18:2n-6), is a key enzyme in the arachidonic acid biosynthetic pathway. To determine if RNA interference (RNAi) by double-stranded RNA occurs in M. alpina 1S-4, we silenced the Delta12-desaturase gene. The silenced strains accumulate 18:2n-9, 20:2n-9, and Mead acid (20:3n-9), which are not detected in either the control strain or wild type strain 1S-4. The fatty acid composition of stable transformants was similar to that of Delta12-desaturation-defective mutants previously identified. Thus, RNAi occurs in M. alpina and could be used to alter the types and relative amounts of fatty acids produced by commercial strains of this fungus without mutagenesis or other permanent changes in the genetic background of the producing strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seiki Takeno
- Laboratory of Fermentation Physiology and Applied Microbiology, Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Takeno S, Sakuradani E, Murata S, Inohara-Ochiai M, Kawashima H, Ashikari T, Shimizu S. Molecular evidence that the rate-limiting step for the biosynthesis of arachidonic acid in Mortierella alpina is at the level of an elongase. Lipids 2005; 40:25-30. [PMID: 15825827 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-005-1356-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The oil-producing fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4 is an industrial strain for arachidonic acid (AA) production. To determine its physiological properties and to clarify the biosynthetic pathways for PUFA, heterologous and homologous gene expression systems were established in this fungus. The first trial was performed with an enhanced green fluorescent protein gene to assess the transformation efficiency for heterologous gene expression. As a result, strong fluorescence was observed in the spores of the obtained transformant, suggesting that the foreign gene was inherited by the spores. The next trial was performed with a homologous PUFA elongase (GLELOp) gene, this enzyme having been reported to catalyze the elongation of GLA (18:3n-6) to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (20:3n-6), and to be the rate-limiting step of AA production. The FA composition of the transformant was different from that of the host strain: The GLA content was decreased whereas that of AA was increased. These data support the hypothesis that the GLELOp enzyme plays an important role in PUFA synthesis, and may indicate how to control PUFA biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seiki Takeno
- Laboratory of Fermentation Physiology and Applied Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sakuradani E, Abe T, Iguchi K, Shimizu S. A novel fungal omega3-desaturase with wide substrate specificity from arachidonic acid-producing Mortierella alpina 1S-4. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2004; 66:648-54. [PMID: 15538555 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-004-1760-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2004] [Revised: 08/23/2004] [Accepted: 08/31/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A filamentous fungus, Mortierella alpina 1S-4, is capable of producing not only arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n-6) but also eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) below a cultural temperature of 20 degrees C. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of a gene (maw3) that encodes a novel omega3-desaturase from M. alpina 1S-4. Based on the conserved sequence information for M. alpina 1S-4 Delta12-desaturase and Saccharomyces kluyveri omega3-desaturase, the omega3-desaturase gene from M. alpina 1S-4 was cloned. Homology analysis of protein databases revealed that the amino acid sequence showed 51% identity, at the highest, with M. alpina 1S-4 Delta12-desaturase, whereas it exhibited 36% identity with Sac. kluyveri omega3-desaturase. The cloned cDNA was confirmed to encode the omega3-desaturase by its expression in the yeast Sac. cerevisiae. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of the yeast transformant demonstrated that 18-carbon and 20-carbon n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were accumulated through conversion of exogenous 18-carbon and 20-carbon n-6 PUFAs. The substrate specificity of the M. alpina 1S-4 omega3-desaturase differs from those of the known fungal omega3-desaturases from Sac. kluyveri and Saprolegnia diclina. Plant, cyanobacterial and Sac. kluyveri omega3-desaturases desaturate 18-carbon n-6 PUFAs, Spr. diclina omega3-desaturase desaturates 20-carbon n-6 PUFAs and Caenorhabditis elegans omega3-desaturase prefers 18-carbon n-6 PUFAs as substrates rather than 20-carbon n-6 PUFAs. The substrate specificity of M. alpina 1S-4 omega3-desaturase is rather similar to that of C. elegans omega3-desaturase, but the M. alpina omega3-desaturase can more effectively convert AA into EPA when expressed in yeast. The M. alpina 1S-4 omega3-desaturase is the first known fungal desaturase that uses both 18-carbon and 20-carbon n-6 PUFAs as substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Sakuradani
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|