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Tang S, Qian J, Zhu Y, Lu B, He Y, Liu Y, Xu K, Shen J. Polystyrene nanoplastics reshape the peatland plants (Sphagnum) bacteriome under simulated wet-deposition pathway: Insights into unequal impact of ecological niches. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2025; 491:138004. [PMID: 40122008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2024] [Revised: 03/03/2025] [Accepted: 03/18/2025] [Indexed: 03/25/2025]
Abstract
Nanoplastics (NPs) enter peatlands through atmospheric deposition, yet their effects on Sphagnum bacterial communities (SBCs) and plant-self remain unknown. We hypothesize that NPs alter the composition, structure, and co-occurrence pattern of epiphytes (Epi) and endophytes (En), thereby differentially affecting the growth and physiological performance of Sphagnum. The 30-day simulated wet deposition experiment was conducted to test this. Here, polystyrene NPs reduced the α-diversity of SBCs, unevenly reshaped the structure of Epi and En. Mfuzz clustering was used to reveal the co-abundance behavior of SBCs, and the null model found SBCs relied on stochastic assembly, formed stable Epi molecular ecological network (MEN) and connected En MEN. NPs disrupted symbiosis of SBCs, with high-abundance phyla reductions impacting MENs and low-abundance phyla affecting the inter-domain ecological network (IDEN) between Epi and En. Increasingly positive NPs (from carboxyl-modified to unmodified, and then to amino-modified NPs) further decreased SBCs abundance. Key clusters of Proteobacteria (Pro.), with α-Pro. and γ-Pro. as module hubs of MENs, and β-Pro. as a network hub in the IDEN, could reflect these changes. Additionally, NPs lowered plant spread area (P < 0.05) and chlorophyll content (P < 0.01), but the reduction in biomass was not significant. Structural equation modeling showed reduced SBCs α-diversity alleviated the NPs phytotoxicity (up to 33.31 % offset), as genetic analysis revealed that methane oxidation, carbon fixation, and trace element metabolism may upregulate plant nutrient supply. Our findings offer critical insights into NPs deposition risks in remote areas and highlight the responses of plant-bacteriome symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijing Tang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Jin Qian
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China.
| | - Yueming Zhu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, PR China.
| | - Bianhe Lu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Yuxuan He
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Yin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Kailin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Junwei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China; College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
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Lu Q, Tang D, Liang Q, Wang S. Biotechnology for the degradation and upcycling of traditional plastics. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 263:120140. [PMID: 39395553 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.120140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 10/09/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/14/2024]
Abstract
Traditional plastics, predominantly derived from petrochemicals, are extensively utilized in modern industry and daily life. However, inadequate management and disposal practices have resulted in widespread environmental contamination, with polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene terephthalate, and polystyrene being the most prevalent pollutants. Biological methods for plastic degradation have garnered significant attention due to their cost-effectiveness and potential for resource recovery, positioning them as promising strategies for sustainable plastic waste management. While polyethylene terephthalate, characterized by its relatively less stable C-O bonds, has been extensively studied and demonstrates significant potential for biodegradation. In contrast, the biodegradation of other plastics remains a significant challenge due to the inherent stability of their C-C backbone structures. This review comprehensively examines the state-of-the-art biotechnology for treating these traditional plastics, focusing on: (1) the roles of specific microorganisms and enzymes, their taxonomic classifications, and the metabolic pathways involved in plastic biodegradation; and (2) a proposed two-stage hybrid approach integrating physicochemical and biological processes to enhance the biodegradation or upcycling of these traditional plastics. Additionally, the review highlights the critical role of multi-omics approaches and tailored strategies in enhancing the efficiency of plastic biodegradation while examining the impact of plastic molecular structures and additives on their degradation potential. It also addresses key challenges and delineates future research directions to foster the development of innovative biological methods for the effective and sustainable management of plastic waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihong Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Daoyu Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qi Liang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shanquan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Yadav R, Rajput V, Dharne M. Insights into the community structure and environmental functions of water hyacinth rhizobiome in urban river ecosystem. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:59571-59582. [PMID: 39356436 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-35187-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Water hyacinth (WH) is a widespread floating invasive aquatic plant with a prolific reproductive and dispersion rate. With the aid of its root-associated microbes, WH significantly modulates the ecosystem's functioning. Despite their irrevocable importance, the WH microbiome remains unexplored in detail. Here, we present a shotgun sequencing analysis of WH rhizobiome predominant in urban rivers and their surrounding water to unveil the diversity drivers and functional relationship. The core microbiome of the WH mainly consisted of the methane-metabolizing archaebacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria, which are probably driving the methane and sulfur metabolic flux along the vegetative zone in the water. The beta diversity analysis revealed temporal variations (River WH_2020 vs. WH_2022) (R of 0.8 to 1 and R2 of 0.17 to 0.41), which probably could be attributed to the transient taxa as there was a higher sharing of core bacteria (48%). Also, the WH microbiome significantly differed (R = 0.46 to 1.0 and R2 of 0.18 to 0.52) from its surrounding water. Further, the functional analysis predicted 140 pollutant-degrading enzymes (PDEs) well-implicated in various xenobiotic pollutant degradation, including hydrocarbons, plastics, and aromatic dyes. These PDEs were mapped to bacterial genera such as Hydrogenophaga, Ideonella, Rubrivivax, Dechloromonas, and Thauera, which are well-reported for facilitating the metabolism of xenobiotic compounds. The higher prevalence of metal and biocide resistance genes further highlighted the persistence of resistant microbes assisting WH in bioremediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakeshkumar Yadav
- Biochemical Sciences Division, National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Vinay Rajput
- Biochemical Sciences Division, National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Mahesh Dharne
- Biochemical Sciences Division, National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India.
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Dar MA, Xie R, Zabed HM, Pawar KD, Dhole NP, Sun J. Current paradigms and future challenges in harnessing gut bacterial symbionts of insects for biodegradation of plastic wastes. INSECT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38990171 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.13417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The ubiquitous incorporation of plastics into daily life, coupled with inefficient recycling practices, has resulted in the accumulation of millions of metric tons of plastic waste, that poses a serious threat to the Earth's sustainability. Plastic pollution, a global problem, disrupts the ecological balance and endangers various life forms. Efforts to combat plastic pollution are underway, with a promising avenue being biological degradation facilitated by certain insects and their symbiotic gut microorganisms, particularly bacteria. This review consolidates existing knowledge on plastic degradation by insects and their influence on gut microbiota. Additionally, it delves into the potential mechanisms employed by insects in symbiosis with gut bacteria, exploring the bioconversion of waste plastics into value-added biodegradable polymers through mineralization. These insights hold significant promise for the bio-upcycling of plastic waste, opening new horizons for future biomanufacturing of high-value chemicals from plastic-derived compounds. Finally, we weigh the pros and cons of future research endeavors related to the bioprospection of plastic-degrading bacteria from underexplored insect species. We also underscore the importance of bioengineering depolymerases with novel characteristics, aiming for their application in the remediation and valorization of waste plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir A Dar
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rongrong Xie
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Hossain M Zabed
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kiran D Pawar
- School of Nanoscience and Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Vidyanagar, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neeraja P Dhole
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jianzhong Sun
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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Bumbac M, Nicolescu CM, Zaharescu T, Bumbac C, Manea EE, Ionescu IA, Gurgu IV, Serban BC, Buiu O, Dumitrescu C. Influence of Biogenic Material Content on the Biodegradability of Styrene-Butadiene Composites with Incorporated Chlorella vulgaris Biomass. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1241. [PMID: 38732710 PMCID: PMC11085139 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Bio-fillers are intensively studied for advanced polymer composite circular design and production. In this context, the algal biomass may be considered an important and relatively low-cost resource, when harvested as a by-product from wastewater treatment plants. The biomass of the algal species Chlorella vulgaris is frequently used in this type of environmental process, and its macro constituents' composition ranges from around 15-25% carbohydrates, 10-20% lipids, and 50-60% proteins. Poly (styrene-butadiene-styrene) (SBS) copolymers have a matrix composed of glassy polystyrene domains connected by flexible polybutadiene segments. Although the physical-mechanical properties of SBS copolymers recommend them for many industrial applications, they have the drawback of low biodegradability. This study aimed to assess the aerobic biodegradability of polymer composites by integrating biomass from Chlorella vulgaris at varying mass percentages of 5, 10, and 20% into SBS copolymer composites. Biodegradation tests were conducted under industrial composting conditions (58 °C and 50% relative humidity) for 180 days. The biodegradability of materials was evaluated by measuring the CO2 produced in each vessel during the study period. Potential correlations between the amount of carbon dioxide released and the percentage of biomass added to the polymer matrix were examined. Structural and morphological changes were assessed using Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal analysis (DSC), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Physical and chemical testing revealed a decrease in sample density after the industrial composting test, along with noticeable changes in melt flow index (MFI). The observed physical and chemical changes, coupled with FTIR, SEM, and DSC data, indicate increased cross-linking and higher porosity in biodegraded polymer structures with higher biomass content. This behavior is likely due to the formation of cross-linked connections between polymer chains and polypeptide chains resulting from protein degradation, enhancing connections between polystyrene units facilitated by peptide bonds with the benzene units of the styrene blocks within the polymer matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Bumbac
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Valahia University of Targoviste, 13 Aleea Sinaia, 130004 Targoviste, Dambovita, Romania; (M.B.); (C.D.)
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, 13 Aleea Sinaia, 130004 Targoviste, Dambovita, Romania; (T.Z.); (I.V.G.)
| | - Cristina Mihaela Nicolescu
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, 13 Aleea Sinaia, 130004 Targoviste, Dambovita, Romania; (T.Z.); (I.V.G.)
| | - Traian Zaharescu
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, 13 Aleea Sinaia, 130004 Targoviste, Dambovita, Romania; (T.Z.); (I.V.G.)
- National Institute for Electrical Engineering, Advanced Research (INCDIE ICPE CA), 313 Splaiul Unirii, 030138 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Costel Bumbac
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, 57-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, District 6, 060652 Bucharest, Romania; (C.B.); (I.A.I.)
| | - Elena Elisabeta Manea
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, 57-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, District 6, 060652 Bucharest, Romania; (C.B.); (I.A.I.)
| | - Ioana Alexandra Ionescu
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, 57-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, District 6, 060652 Bucharest, Romania; (C.B.); (I.A.I.)
| | - Ion Valentin Gurgu
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, 13 Aleea Sinaia, 130004 Targoviste, Dambovita, Romania; (T.Z.); (I.V.G.)
| | - Bogdan-Catalin Serban
- IMT Bucharest, National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae, 077190 Voluntari, Romania; (B.-C.S.); (O.B.)
| | - Octavian Buiu
- IMT Bucharest, National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae, 077190 Voluntari, Romania; (B.-C.S.); (O.B.)
| | - Crinela Dumitrescu
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Valahia University of Targoviste, 13 Aleea Sinaia, 130004 Targoviste, Dambovita, Romania; (M.B.); (C.D.)
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Bumbac M, Nicolescu CM, Zaharescu T, Gurgu IV, Bumbac C, Manea EE, Ionescu IA, Serban BC, Buiu O, Dumitrescu C. Biodegradation Study of Styrene-Butadiene Composites with Incorporated Arthrospira platensis Biomass. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1218. [PMID: 38732687 PMCID: PMC11085408 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The preparation of polymer composites that incorporate material of a biogenic nature in the polymer matrices may lead to a reduction in fossil polymer consumption and a potentially higher biodegradability. Furthermore, microalgae biomass as biogenic filler has the advantage of fast growth and high tolerance to different types of culture media with higher production yields than those provided by the biomass of terrestrial crops. On the other hand, algal biomass can be a secondary product in wastewater treatment processes. For the present study, an SBS polymer composite (SBSC) containing 25% (w/w) copolymer SBS1 (linear copolymer: 30% styrene and 70% butadiene), 50% (w/w) copolymer SBS2 (linear copolymer: 40% styrene and 60% butadiene), and 25% (w/w) paraffin oil was prepared. Arthrospira platensis biomass (moisture content 6.0 ± 0.5%) was incorporated into the SBSC in 5, 10, 20, and 30% (w/w) ratios to obtain polymer composites with spirulina biomass. For the biodegradation studies, the ISO 14855-1:2012(E) standard was applied, with slight changes, as per the specificity of our experiments. The degradation of the studied materials was followed by quantitatively monitoring the CO2 resulting from the degradation process and captured by absorption in NaOH solution 0.5 mol/L. The structural and morphological changes induced by the industrial composting test on the materials were followed by physical-mechanical, FTIR, SEM, and DSC analysis. The obtained results were compared to create a picture of the material transformation during the composting period. Thus, the collected data indicate two biodegradation processes, of the polymer and the biomass, which take place at the same time at different rates, which influence each other. On the other hand, it is found that the material becomes less ordered, with a sponge-like morphology; the increase in the percentage of biomass leads to an advanced degree of degradation of the material. The FTIR analysis data suggest the possibility of the formation of peptide bonds between the aromatic nuclei in the styrene block and the molecular residues resulting from biomass biodegradation. It seems that in industrial composting conditions, the area of the polystyrene blocks from the SBS-based composite is preferentially transformed in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Bumbac
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Valahia University of Targoviste, 13 Aleea Sinaia, 130004 Targoviste, Dambovita, Romania; (M.B.); (C.D.)
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, 13 Aleea Sinaia, 130004 Targoviste, Dambovita, Romania; (T.Z.); (I.V.G.)
| | - Cristina Mihaela Nicolescu
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, 13 Aleea Sinaia, 130004 Targoviste, Dambovita, Romania; (T.Z.); (I.V.G.)
| | - Traian Zaharescu
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, 13 Aleea Sinaia, 130004 Targoviste, Dambovita, Romania; (T.Z.); (I.V.G.)
- National Institute for Electrical Engineering, Advanced Research (INCDIE ICPE CA), 313 Splaiul Unirii, 030138 Bucharest, Ilfov, Romania
| | - Ion Valentin Gurgu
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Science and Technology, Valahia University of Targoviste, 13 Aleea Sinaia, 130004 Targoviste, Dambovita, Romania; (T.Z.); (I.V.G.)
| | - Costel Bumbac
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, 57-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, District 6, 060652 Bucharest, Ilfov, Romania; (C.B.); (E.E.M.); (I.A.I.)
| | - Elena Elisabeta Manea
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, 57-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, District 6, 060652 Bucharest, Ilfov, Romania; (C.B.); (E.E.M.); (I.A.I.)
| | - Ioana Alexandra Ionescu
- National Research and Development Institute for Industrial Ecology-ECOIND, 57-73 Drumul Podu Dambovitei, District 6, 060652 Bucharest, Ilfov, Romania; (C.B.); (E.E.M.); (I.A.I.)
| | - Bogdan-Catalin Serban
- IMT Bucharest, National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae, 077190 Voluntari, Ilfov, Romania;
| | - Octavian Buiu
- IMT Bucharest, National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, 126A Erou Iancu Nicolae, 077190 Voluntari, Ilfov, Romania;
| | - Crinela Dumitrescu
- Faculty of Science and Arts, Valahia University of Targoviste, 13 Aleea Sinaia, 130004 Targoviste, Dambovita, Romania; (M.B.); (C.D.)
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Xu L, Li Z, Wang L, Xu Z, Zhang S, Zhang Q. Progress in polystyrene biodegradation by insect gut microbiota. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:143. [PMID: 38530548 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03932-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Polystyrene (PS) is frequently used in the plastics industry. However, its structural stability and difficulty to break down lead to an abundance of plastic waste in the environment, resulting in micro-nano plastics (MNPs). As MNPs are severe hazards to both human and environmental health, it is crucial to develop innovative treatment technologies to degrade plastic waste. The biodegradation of plastics by insect gut microorganisms has gained attention as it is environmentally friendly, efficient, and safe. However, our knowledge of the biodegradation of PS is still limited. This review summarizes recent research advances on PS biodegradation by gut microorganisms/enzymes from insect larvae of different species, and schematic pathways of the degradation process are discussed in depth. Additionally, the prospect of using modern biotechnology, such as genetic engineering and systems biology, to identify novel PS-degrading microbes/functional genes/enzymes and to realize new strategies for PS biodegradation is highlighted. Challenges and limitations faced by the application of genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs) and multiomics technologies in the field of plastic pollution bioremediation are also discussed. This review encourages the further exploration of the biodegradation of PS by insect gut microbes/enzymes, offering a cutting-edge perspective to identify PS biodegradation pathways and create effective biodegradation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhui Xu
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Zelin Li
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Liuwei Wang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Zihang Xu
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Shulin Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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Lv S, Li Y, Zhao S, Shao Z. Biodegradation of Typical Plastics: From Microbial Diversity to Metabolic Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:593. [PMID: 38203764 PMCID: PMC10778777 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Plastic production has increased dramatically, leading to accumulated plastic waste in the ocean. Marine plastics can be broken down into microplastics (<5 mm) by sunlight, machinery, and pressure. The accumulation of microplastics in organisms and the release of plastic additives can adversely affect the health of marine organisms. Biodegradation is one way to address plastic pollution in an environmentally friendly manner. Marine microorganisms can be more adapted to fluctuating environmental conditions such as salinity, temperature, pH, and pressure compared with terrestrial microorganisms, providing new opportunities to address plastic pollution. Pseudomonadota (Proteobacteria), Bacteroidota (Bacteroidetes), Bacillota (Firmicutes), and Cyanobacteria were frequently found on plastic biofilms and may degrade plastics. Currently, diverse plastic-degrading bacteria are being isolated from marine environments such as offshore and deep oceanic waters, especially Pseudomonas spp. Bacillus spp. Alcanivoras spp. and Actinomycetes. Some marine fungi and algae have also been revealed as plastic degraders. In this review, we focused on the advances in plastic biodegradation by marine microorganisms and their enzymes (esterase, cutinase, laccase, etc.) involved in the process of biodegradation of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene (PE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and polypropylene (PP) and highlighted the need to study plastic biodegradation in the deep sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Lv
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Xiamen 361005, China; (S.L.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.)
- School of Environmental Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Yufei Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Xiamen 361005, China; (S.L.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.)
- School of Marine Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Sufang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Xiamen 361005, China; (S.L.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.)
| | - Zongze Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Xiamen 361005, China; (S.L.); (Y.L.); (S.Z.)
- School of Environmental Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
- School of Marine Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai 519000, China
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Angkaew A, Chokejaroenrat C, Angkaew M, Satapanajaru T, Sakulthaew C. Persulfate activation using leonardite char-supported nano zero-valent iron composites for styrene-contaminated soil and water remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117486. [PMID: 37914017 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Effective in-situ technology to treat carcinogenic compounds in contaminated areas poses a major challenge. Our objective was to load nano-zero-valent iron (nZVI) onto leonardite char (LNDC), an alternative carbon source from industrial waste, for use as a persulfate (PS) activator for styrene treatment in soil and water. By adding a surfactant during synthesis, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) promotes a flower-like morphology and the nZVI formation in smaller sizes. Results showed that nZVI plays a crucial role in PS activation in both homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can remove 98% of styrene within 20 min. Quenching experiments indicated that singlet oxygen (1O2), superoxide radicals (O2•-), and sulfate radicals (SO4•-) were the main species working together to degrade styrene. XPS analysis also revealed a role of surface oxygen-containing groups (i.e., CO, C-OH) in activating PS for SO4•- and 1O2 generation. The possible reaction mechanism of PS activation by LNDC-CTAB-nZVI composite and factors affecting treatment efficiency (i.e., PS concentration, catalyst dosage, pH, and humic acid) were illustrated. The molarity/molality ratio of PS to nZVI should be set greater than 1 for effective styrene removal. GC-MS analysis showed that styrene was degraded to a less toxic benzaldehyde intermediate. However, the excessive use of PS and catalysts can harm plant growth, requiring a combining approach to achieve safer use for real applications. Overall results supported the use of the LNDC-CTAB-nZVI/PS system as an efficient in-situ treatment technology for soil and water remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athaphon Angkaew
- Department of Environmental Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
| | - Chanat Chokejaroenrat
- Department of Environmental Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
| | - Matura Angkaew
- Department of Environmental Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand; Center of Research and Academic Services, Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
| | - Tunlawit Satapanajaru
- Department of Environmental Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
| | - Chainarong Sakulthaew
- Department of Veterinary Nursing, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
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Herrera DAG, Mojicevic M, Pantelic B, Joshi A, Collins C, Batista M, Torres C, Freitas F, Murray P, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Brennan Fournet M. Exploring Microorganisms from Plastic-Polluted Sites: Unveiling Plastic Degradation and PHA Production Potential. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2914. [PMID: 38138058 PMCID: PMC10745504 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The exposure of microorganisms to conventional plastics is a relatively recent occurrence, affording limited time for evolutionary adaptation. As part of the EU-funded project BioICEP, this study delves into the plastic degradation potential of microorganisms isolated from sites with prolonged plastic pollution, such as plastic-polluted forests, biopolymer-contaminated soil, oil-contaminated soil, municipal landfill, but also a distinctive soil sample with plastic pieces buried three decades ago. Additionally, samples from Arthropoda species were investigated. In total, 150 strains were isolated and screened for the ability to use plastic-related substrates (Impranil dispersions, polyethylene terephthalate, terephthalic acid, and bis(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate). Twenty isolates selected based on their ability to grow on various substrates were identified as Streptomyces, Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Pseudomonas spp. Morphological features were recorded, and the 16S rRNA sequence was employed to construct a phylogenetic tree. Subsequent assessments unveiled that 5 out of the 20 strains displayed the capability to produce polyhydroxyalkanoates, utilizing pre-treated post-consumer PET samples. With Priestia sp. DG69 and Neobacillus sp. DG40 emerging as the most successful producers (4.14% and 3.34% of PHA, respectively), these strains are poised for further utilization in upcycling purposes, laying the foundation for the development of sustainable strategies for plastic waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A. Garza Herrera
- PRISM Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon Midlands Midwest, N37HD68 Athlone, Ireland; (D.A.G.H.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Marija Mojicevic
- PRISM Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon Midlands Midwest, N37HD68 Athlone, Ireland; (D.A.G.H.); (M.B.F.)
| | - Brana Pantelic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.P.); (J.N.-R.)
| | - Akanksha Joshi
- Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Midwest Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, V94EC5T Limerick, Ireland; (A.J.); (C.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Catherine Collins
- Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Midwest Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, V94EC5T Limerick, Ireland; (A.J.); (C.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Maria Batista
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.B.); (C.T.); (F.F.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Cristiana Torres
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.B.); (C.T.); (F.F.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Filomena Freitas
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal; (M.B.); (C.T.); (F.F.)
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrick Murray
- Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Midwest Campus, Technological University of the Shannon, V94EC5T Limerick, Ireland; (A.J.); (C.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade, Serbia; (B.P.); (J.N.-R.)
| | - Margaret Brennan Fournet
- PRISM Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon Midlands Midwest, N37HD68 Athlone, Ireland; (D.A.G.H.); (M.B.F.)
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Malik N, Lakhawat SS, Kumar V, Sharma V, Bhatti JS, Sharma PK. Recent advances in the omics-based assessment of microbial consortia in the plastisphere environment: Deciphering the dynamic role of hidden players. PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 2023; 176:207-225. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2025]
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12
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Microbial community structure and exploration of bioremediation enzymes: functional metagenomics insight into Arabian Sea sediments. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:627-651. [PMID: 36933058 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-01995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Deep-sea sediments provide important information on oceanic biogeochemical processes mediated by the microbiome and their functional roles which could be unravelled using genomic tools. The present study aimed to delineate microbial taxonomic and functional profiles from Arabian Sea sediment samples through whole metagenome sequencing using Nanopore technology. Arabian Sea is considered as a major microbial reservoir with significant bio-prospecting potential which needs to be explored extensively using recent advances in genomics. Assembly, co-assembly, and binning methods were used to predict Metagenome Assembled Genomes (MAGs) which were further characterized by their completeness and heterogeneity. Nanopore sequencing of Arabian Sea sediment samples generated around 1.73 tera basepairs of data. Proteobacteria (78.32%) was found to be the most dominant phylum followed by Bacteroidetes (9.55%) and Actinobacteria (2.14%) in the sediment metagenome. Further, 35 MAGs from assembled and 38 MAGs of co-assembled reads were generated from long-read sequence dataset with major representations from the genera Marinobacter, Kangiella, and Porticoccus. RemeDB analysis revealed a high representation of pollutant-degrading enzymes involved in hydrocarbon, plastic and dye degradation. Validation of enzymes with long nanopore reads using BlastX resulted in better characterization of complete gene signatures involved in hydrocarbon (6-monooxygenase and 4-hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase) and dye degradation (Arylsulfatase). Enhancing the cultivability of deep-sea microbes predicted from the uncultured WGS approaches by I-tip method resulted in isolation of facultative extremophiles. This study presents a comprehensive insight into the taxonomic and functional profiles of Arabian Sea sediments, indicating a potential hotspot for bioprospection.
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Parsaeimehr A, Miller CM, Ozbay G. Microplastics and their interactions with microbiota. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15104. [PMID: 37089279 PMCID: PMC10113872 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As a new pollutant, Microplastics (MPs) are globally known for their negative impacts on different ecosystems and living organisms. MPs are easily taken up by the ecosystem in a variety of organisms due to their small size, and cause immunological, neurological, and respiratory diseases in the impacted organism. Moreover, in the impacted environments, MPs can release toxic additives and act as a vector and scaffold for colonization and transportation of specific microbes and lead to imbalances in microbiota and the biogeochemical and nutrients dynamic. To address the concerns on controlling the MPs pollution on the microbiota and ecosystem, the microbial biodegradation of MPs can be potentially considered as an effective environment friendly approach. The objectives of the presented paper are to provide information on the toxicological effects of MPs on microbiota, to discuss the negative impacts of microbial colonization of MPs, and to introduce the microbes with biodegradation ability of MPs.
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Fate of Biofilm Activity in Cascade Aerating Trickling Filter for Wastewater Treatment: Comparison of Two Types of Indigenous Support Media. Biochem Eng J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2023.108875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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Screening the Efficacy of a Microbial Consortium of Bacteria and Fungi Isolated from Different Environmental Samples for the Degradation of LDPE/TPS Films. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, a screening of the efficacy of a microbial consortium of bacteria and fungi isolated from activated sludge, river sediment, and compost for the degradation of LDPE/TPS was performed. According to the morphological and biochemical characterization, eight bacteria, Bacillus sonorensis, Bacillus subtilis, Lysinibacillus massiliensis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus indicus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus cereus, and Pseudomonas alcaligenes, five molds, Aspergillus sp. 1, Aspergillus sp. 2, Trichoderma sp., Rhizopus sp., Penicillium sp., and Alternaria sp., and a yeast, Candida parapsilosis, were identified. The first experiment E1 was inoculated with microorganisms isolated from activated sludge and river sediment, and E2 with microorganisms isolated from compost. In both experiments, different types of polymeric materials, low density polyethylene (E1-1 and E2-1), thermoplastic starch (E1-2 and E2-2), low density polyethylene + thermoplastic starch (E1-3 and E2-3), low density polyethylene + thermoplastic starch + styrene-ethylene-styrene (E1-4 and E2-4) were added. The obtained results, weight loss, SEM, and FTIR analysis showed that the microorganisms in both experiments were able to degrade polymeric materials. The mixed culture of microorganisms in experiments E1-2 and E2-2 completely degraded TPS (thermoplastic starch). The percent weight losses of LDPE, LDPE+20% TPS, and LDPE+20% TPS+SEBS in experiment E1 were 3.3184%, 14.1152%, and 16.0062% and in experiment E2 were 3.9625%, 20.4520% and 21.9277%, respectively. SEM microscopy shows that the samples with a LDPE matrix exhibited moderate surface degradation and negligible oxidative degradation under the given conditions. FTIR/ATR data demonstrate that degradation was more intense in E2 than in E1.
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Candia-Lomelí M, Covarrubias-Garcia I, Aizpuru A, Arriaga S. Preparation and physicochemical characterization of deep eutectic solvents and ionic liquids for the potential absorption and biodegradation of styrene vapors. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 441:129835. [PMID: 36087530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Styrene emissions can be treated by physicochemical, biological, or physicochemical/biological means. Due to its low solubility in water an alternative to eliminate styrene emissions from air is the use of two-phase partitioning bioreactors (TPPBs) which comprised a hydrophobic non-aqueous phase (NAP) which can improve mass transfer of styrene. This study was devoted to prepare and evaluate the main physicochemical characteristics of novel NAPs such as Ionic liquids (ILs), Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) and Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADEs) as well as their toxicity and biodegradability to treat styrene vapors. Absorption experiments of styrene showed that the best NAPs were the DESs formed with Tetrabutylammonium bromide and decanoic acid and the ILs [C6mim][FAP], [C4mim] [NTf2] and [C4mim] [PF6], since they presented a styrene partition coefficient between 0.0015 and 0.0041. Finally, the IL [C6mim][FAP] was used as a NAP in a TPPB batch process given its high styrene affinity, low solubility in water and non-biodegradability; styrene mineralization was three times higher in the TPPB compared with the control. ILs are potential adjuvant phases in biological degradation systems, as well as other solvents like DESs and NADESs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Candia-Lomelí
- División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4a, Sección, CP 78216 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - I Covarrubias-Garcia
- División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4a, Sección, CP 78216 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - A Aizpuru
- Universidad del Mar, Campus Puerto Ángel, 70902 San Pedro Pochutla, Oaxaca, Mexico
| | - S Arriaga
- División de Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto Potosino de Investigación Científica y Tecnológica, Camino a la Presa San José 2055, Col. Lomas 4a, Sección, CP 78216 San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico.
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17
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Zerva A, Siaperas R, Taxeidis G, Kyriakidi M, Vouyiouka S, Zervakis GI, Topakas E. Investigation of Abortiporus biennis lignocellulolytic toolbox, and the role of laccases in polystyrene degradation. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137338. [PMID: 36423718 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
White-rot basidiomycetes are the only microorganisms able to produce both hydrolytic (cellulases and hemicellulases) and oxidative (ligninolytic) enzymes for degrading all lignocellulose constituents. Their enzymatic machinery makes them ideal for the discovery of novel enzymes with desirable properties. In the present work, Abortiporus biennis, a white-rot fungus, was studied in regard to its lignocellulolytic potential. Secretomics and biochemical analyses were employed to study the strain's enzymatic arsenal, after growth in corn stover cultures and xylose-based defined media. The results revealed the presence of all the necessary enzymatic activities for complete breakdown of biomass, while the prominent role of oxidative enzymes in the lignocellulolytic strategy of the strain became evident. Two novel laccases, AbiLac1 and AbiLac2, were isolated from the culture supernatant with ion-exchange chromatography. Characterization of purified laccases revealed their ability to oxidize a wide variety of phenolic and non-phenolic substrates. AbiLac1 was found to oxidize polystyrene powder, showing high depolymerization potential, based on radical chain scission mechanism as evidenced by molecular weight decrease. The results of the present study demonstrate the biotechnological potential of the unexplored enzymatic machinery of white-rot basidiomycetes, including the design of improved lignocellulolytic cocktails, as well as the degradation and/or valorization of plastic waste materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Zerva
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, Athens, 15772, Greece
| | - Romanos Siaperas
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, Athens, 15772, Greece
| | - George Taxeidis
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, Athens, 15772, Greece
| | - Maria Kyriakidi
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, Athens, 15772, Greece
| | - Stamatina Vouyiouka
- Laboratory of Polymer Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, Athens, 15772, Greece
| | - Georgios I Zervakis
- Agricultural University of Athens, Laboratory of General and Agricultural Microbiology, Iera Odos 75, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Topakas
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 5 Iroon Polytechniou Str., Zografou Campus, Athens, 15772, Greece.
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Saini N, Bhadury P. Genome analysis of a plastisphere-associated Oceanimonas sp. NSJ1 sequenced on Nanopore MinION platform. IOP SCINOTES 2022. [DOI: 10.1088/2633-1357/ac986e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Oceanimonas sp. NSJ1 was isolated from macroplastic debris collected previously from Junput, an intertidal beach, facing the northeast coastal Bay of Bengal of the Northern Indian Ocean. The genome of this isolate is closely related to Oceanimonas doudoroffii with a genome size of 3.56 Mbp. The genome annotation confirmed the presence of 5919 total genes, out of which 5809 were CDSs (coding sequences) and all are protein-coding. The genome codes for 110 RNA with 25 rRNA, 84 tRNA (transfer RNA), and one tmRNA (transfer-messenger RNA). Analyses of the annotated genome of Oceanimonas sp. NSJ1 revealed the presence of enzymes involved in the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The presence of phthalate 4,5-dioxygenase oxygenase reductase subunit pht2 within the genome also highlights the novelty of this isolate and future functional potential for studying phthalate degradation in marine environment.
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Oliveira J, Almeida PL, Sobral RG, Lourenço ND, Gaudêncio SP. Marine-Derived Actinomycetes: Biodegradation of Plastics and Formation of PHA Bioplastics-A Circular Bioeconomy Approach. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20120760. [PMID: 36547907 PMCID: PMC9783806 DOI: 10.3390/md20120760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastics are present in the majority of daily-use products worldwide. Due to society's production and consumption patterns, plastics are accumulating in the environment, causing global pollution issues and intergenerational impacts. Our work aims to contribute to the development of solutions and sustainable methods to mitigate this pressing problem, focusing on the ability of marine-derived actinomycetes to accelerate plastics biodegradation and produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), which are biodegradable bioplastics. The thin plastic films' biodegradation was monitored by weight loss, changes in the surface chemical structure (Infra-Red spectroscopy FTIR-ATR), and by mechanical properties (tensile strength tests). Thirty-six marine-derived actinomycete strains were screened for their plastic biodegradability potential. Among these, Streptomyces gougerotti, Micromonospora matsumotoense, and Nocardiopsis prasina revealed ability to degrade plastic films-low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polystyrene (PS) and polylactic acid (PLA) in varying conditions, namely upon the addition of yeast extract to the culture media and the use of UV pre-treated thin plastic films. Enhanced biodegradation by these bacteria was observed in both cases. S. gougerotti degraded 0.56% of LDPE films treated with UV radiation and 0.67% of PS films when inoculated with yeast extract. Additionally, N. prasina degraded 1.27% of PLA films when these were treated with UV radiation, and yeast extract was added to the culture medium. The main and most frequent differences observed in FTIR-ATR spectra during biodegradation occurred at 1740 cm-1, indicating the formation of carbonyl groups and an increase in the intensity of the bands, which indicates oxidation. Young Modulus decreased by 30% on average. In addition, S. gougerotti and M. matsumotoense, besides biodegrading conventional plastics (LDPE and PS), were also able to use these as a carbon source to produce degradable PHA bioplastics in a circular economy concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Oliveira
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Chemistry and Life Science Departments, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro L. Almeida
- I3N-CENIMAT, Materials Science Department, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Physics Department, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, 1959-007 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita G. Sobral
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Chemistry and Life Science Departments, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Nídia D. Lourenço
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Chemistry and Life Science Departments, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Susana P. Gaudêncio
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Chemistry and Life Science Departments, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-21-2948300; Fax: +351-21-2948550
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Rout AK, Dehury B, Parida PK, Sarkar DJ, Behera B, Das BK, Rai A, Behera BK. Taxonomic profiling and functional gene annotation of microbial communities in sediment of river Ganga at Kanpur, India: insights from whole-genome metagenomics study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:82309-82323. [PMID: 35750913 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21644-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The perennial river Ganga is recognized as one of India's largest rivers of India, but due to continuous anthropogenic activities, the river's ecosystem is under threat. Next-generation sequencing technology has transformed metagenomics in the exploration of microbiome and their imperative function in diverse aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we have uncovered the structure of community microbiome and their functions in sediments of river Ganga at Kanpur, India, at three polluted stretches through a high-resolution metagenomics approach using Illumina HiSeq 2500. Among the microbes, bacteria dominate more than 82% in the three polluted sediment samples of river Ganga. Pseudomonadota (alpha, beta, and gamma) is the major phylum of bacteria that dominates in three sediment samples. Genes involved in degradation of xenobiotic compounds involving nitrotoluene, benzoate, aminobenzoate, chlorocyclohexane, and chlorobenzene were significantly enriched in the microbiome of polluted stretches. Pathway analysis using KEGG database revealed a higher abundance of genes involved in energy metabolism such as oxidative phosphorylation, nitrogen, methane, sulfur, and carbon fixation pathways in the sediment metagenome data from the river Ganga. A higher abundance of pollutant degrading enzymes like 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase, catalase-peroxidase, and altronate hydrolase in the polluted microbiome indicates their role in degradation of plastics and dyes. Overall, our study has provided bacterial diversity and their dynamics in community structure and function from polluted river microbiome, which is expected to open up better avenues for exploration of novel functional genes/enzymes with potential application in health and bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajaya Kumar Rout
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, West Bengal, India
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Fakir Mohan University, Balasore, 756089, Odisha, India
| | - Budheswar Dehury
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, West Bengal, India
| | - Pranaya Kumar Parida
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, West Bengal, India
| | - Dhruba Jyoti Sarkar
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, West Bengal, India
| | - Bhaskar Behera
- Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Fakir Mohan University, Balasore, 756089, Odisha, India
| | - Basanta Kumar Das
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, West Bengal, India
| | - Anil Rai
- Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Library Avenue, PUSA, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Bijay Kumar Behera
- Aquatic Environmental Biotechnology and Nanotechnology Division, ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata, 700120, West Bengal, India.
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Miloloža M, Ukić Š, Cvetnić M, Bolanča T, Kučić Grgić D. Optimization of Polystyrene Biodegradation by Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas alcaligenes Using Full Factorial Design. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204299. [PMID: 36297877 PMCID: PMC9611612 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microplastics (MP) are a global environmental problem because they persist in the environment for long periods of time and negatively impact aquatic organisms. Possible solutions for removing MP from the environment include biological processes such as bioremediation, which uses microorganisms to remove contaminants. This study investigated the biodegradation of polystyrene (PS) by two bacteria, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas alcaligenes, isolated from environmental samples in which MPs particles were present. First, determining significant factors affecting the biodegradation of MP-PS was conducted using the Taguchi design. Then, according to preliminary experiments, the optimal conditions for biodegradation were determined by a full factorial design (main experiments). The RSM methodology was applied, and statistical analysis of the obtained models was performed to analyze the influence of the studied factors. The most important factors for MP-PS biodegradation by Bacillus cereus were agitation speed, concentration, and size of PS, while agitation speed, size of PS, and optical density influenced the process by Pseudomonas alcaligenes. However, the optimal conditions for biodegradation of MP-PS by Bacillus cereus were achieved at γMP = 66.20, MP size = 413.29, and agitation speed = 100.45. The best conditions for MP-PS biodegradation by Pseudomonas alcaligenes were 161.08, 334.73, and 0.35, as agitation speed, MP size, and OD, respectively. In order to get a better insight into the process, the following analyzes were carried out. Changes in CFU, TOC, and TIC concentrations were observed during the biodegradation process. The increase in TOC values was explained by the detection of released additives from PS particles by LC-MS analysis. At the end of the process, the toxicity of the filtrate was determined, and the surface area of the particles was characterized by FTIR-ATR spectroscopy. Ecotoxicity results showed that the filtrate was toxic, indicating the presence of decomposition by-products. In both FTIR spectra, a characteristic weak peak at 1715 cm−1 was detected, indicating the formation of carbonyl groups (−C=O), confirming that a biodegradation process had taken place.
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22
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Chow J, Perez‐Garcia P, Dierkes R, Streit WR. Microbial enzymes will offer limited solutions to the global plastic pollution crisis. Microb Biotechnol 2022; 16:195-217. [PMID: 36099200 PMCID: PMC9871534 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Global economies depend on the use of fossil-fuel-based polymers with 360-400 million metric tons of synthetic polymers being produced per year. Unfortunately, an estimated 60% of the global production is disposed into the environment. Within this framework, microbiologists have tried to identify plastic-active enzymes over the past decade. Until now, this research has largely failed to deliver functional biocatalysts acting on the commodity polymers such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinylchloride (PVC), ether-based polyurethane (PUR), polyamide (PA), polystyrene (PS) and synthetic rubber (SR). However, few enzymes are known to act on low-density and low-crystalline (amorphous) polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and ester-based PUR. These above-mentioned polymers represent >95% of all synthetic plastics produced. Therefore, the main challenge microbiologists are currently facing is in finding polymer-active enzymes targeting the majority of fossil-fuel-based plastics. However, identifying plastic-active enzymes either to implement them in biotechnological processes or to understand their potential role in nature is an emerging research field. The application of these enzymes is still in its infancy. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on microbial plastic-active enzymes, their global distribution and potential impact on plastic degradation in industrial processes and nature. We further outline major challenges in finding novel plastic-active enzymes, optimizing known ones by synthetic approaches and problems arising through falsely annotated and unfiltered use of database entries. Finally, we highlight potential biotechnological applications and possible re- and upcycling concepts using microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Chow
- Department of Microbiology and BiotechnologyUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Pablo Perez‐Garcia
- Department of Microbiology and BiotechnologyUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Robert Dierkes
- Department of Microbiology and BiotechnologyUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Wolfgang R. Streit
- Department of Microbiology and BiotechnologyUniversity of HamburgHamburgGermany
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23
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Delangiz N, Aliyar S, Pashapoor N, Nobaharan K, Asgari Lajayer B, Rodríguez-Couto S. Can polymer-degrading microorganisms solve the bottleneck of plastics' environmental challenges? CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133709. [PMID: 35074325 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasing world population and industrial activities have enhanced anthropogenic pollution, plastic pollution being especially alarming. So, plastics should be recycled and/or make them biodegradable. Chemical and physical remediating methods are usually energy consuming and costly. In addition, they are not ecofriendly and usually produce toxic byproducts. Bioremediation is a proper option as it is cost-efficient and environmentally friendly. Plastic production and consumption are increasing daily, and, as a consequence, more microorganisms are exposed to these nonbiodegradable polymers. Therefore, investigating new efficient microorganisms and increasing the knowledge about their biology can pave the way for efficient and feasible plastic bioremediation processes. In this sense, omics, systems biology and bioinformatics are three important fields to analyze the biodegradation pathways in microorganisms. Based on the above-mentioned technologies, researchers can engineer microorganisms with specific desired properties to make bioremediation more efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Delangiz
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Sajad Aliyar
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Pashapoor
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Behnam Asgari Lajayer
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Susana Rodríguez-Couto
- Department of Separation Science, LUT School of Engineering Science, LUT University, Sammonkatu 12, FI-50130 Mikkeli, Finland
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24
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KINASZ CAMILAT, KREUSCH MARIANNEG, BENDIA AMANDAG, PELLIZARI VIVIANH, DUARTE RUBENST. Taxonomic and functional diversity from Antarctic ice-tephra microbial community: ecological insights and potential for bioprospection. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2022; 94:e20210621. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202220210621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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25
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Kotova IB, Taktarova YV, Tsavkelova EA, Egorova MA, Bubnov IA, Malakhova DV, Shirinkina LI, Sokolova TG, Bonch-Osmolovskaya EA. Microbial Degradation of Plastics and Approaches to Make it More Efficient. Microbiology (Reading) 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261721060084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract—
The growing worldwide production of synthetic plastics leads to increased amounts of plastic pollution. Even though microbial degradation of plastics is known to be a very slow process, this capacity has been found in many bacteria, including invertebrate symbionts, and microscopic fungi. Research in this field has been mostly focused on microbial degradation of polyethylene, polystyrene, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Quite an arsenal of different methods is available today for detecting processes of plastic degradation and measuring their rates. Given the lack of generally accepted protocols, it is difficult to compare results presented by different authors. PET degradation by recombinant hydrolases from thermophilic actinobacteria happens to be the most efficient among the currently known plastic degradation processes. Various approaches to accelerating microbial plastic degradation are also discussed.
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26
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Arellano-Caicedo C, Ohlsson P, Bengtsson M, Beech JP, Hammer EC. Habitat geometry in artificial microstructure affects bacterial and fungal growth, interactions, and substrate degradation. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1226. [PMID: 34702996 PMCID: PMC8548513 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02736-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microhabitat conditions determine the magnitude and speed of microbial processes but have been challenging to investigate. In this study we used microfluidic devices to determine the effect of the spatial distortion of a pore space on fungal and bacterial growth, interactions, and substrate degradation. The devices contained channels differing in bending angles and order. Sharper angles reduced fungal and bacterial biomass, especially when angles were repeated in the same direction. Substrate degradation was only decreased by sharper angles when fungi and bacteria were grown together. Investigation at the cellular scale suggests that this was caused by fungal habitat modification, since hyphae branched in sharp and repeated turns, blocking the dispersal of bacteria and the substrate. Our results demonstrate how the geometry of microstructures can influence microbial activity. This can be transferable to soil pore spaces, where spatial occlusion and microbial feedback on microstructures is thought to explain organic matter stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pelle Ohlsson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Bengtsson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jason P Beech
- Division of Solid State Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Lienkamp AC, Burnik J, Heine T, Hofmann E, Tischler D. Characterization of the Glutathione S-Transferases Involved in Styrene Degradation in Gordonia rubripertincta CWB2. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0047421. [PMID: 34319142 PMCID: PMC8552685 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00474-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The glutathione S-transferases carried on the plasmid for the styrene-specific degradation pathway in the Actinobacterium Gordonia rubripertincta CWB2 were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. Both enzymes were purified via affinity chromatography and subjected to activity investigations. StyI and StyJ displayed activity toward the commonly used glutathione S-transferase model substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) with Km values of 0.0682 ± 0.0074 and 2.0281 ± 0.1301 mM and Vmax values of 0.0158 ± 0.0002 and 0.348 ± 0.008 U mg-1 for StyI and StyJ, respectively. The conversion of the natural substrate styrene oxide to the intermediate (1-phenyl-2-hydroxyethyl)glutathione was detected for StyI with 48.3 ± 2.9 U mg-1. This elucidates one more step in the not yet fully resolved styrene-specific degradation pathway of Gordonia rubripertincta CWB2. A characterization of both purified enzymes adds more insight into the scarce research field of actinobacterial glutathione S-transferases. Moreover, a sequence and phylogenetic analysis puts both enzymes into a physiological and evolutionary context. IMPORTANCE Styrene is a toxic compound that is used at a large scale by industry for plastic production. Bacterial degradation of styrene is a possibility for bioremediation and pollution prevention. Intermediates of styrene derivatives degraded in the styrene-specific pathways are precursors for valuable chemical compounds. The pathway in Gordonia rubripertincta CWB2 has proven to accept a broader substrate range than other bacterial styrene degraders. The enzymes characterized in this study, distinguish CWB2s pathway from other known styrene degradation routes and thus might be the main key for its ability to produce ibuprofen from the respective styrene derivative. A biotechnological utilization of this cascade could lead to efficient and sustainable production of drugs, flavors, and fragrances. Moreover, research on glutathione metabolism in Actinobacteria is rare. Here, a characterization of two glutathione S-transferases of actinobacterial origin is presented, and the utilization of glutathione in the metabolism of an Actinobacterium is proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C. Lienkamp
- Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jan Burnik
- X-Ray Structure Analysis of Proteins, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Heine
- Environmental Microbiology, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Hofmann
- X-Ray Structure Analysis of Proteins, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dirk Tischler
- Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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28
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Nikolaivits E, Pantelic B, Azeem M, Taxeidis G, Babu R, Topakas E, Brennan Fournet M, Nikodinovic-Runic J. Progressing Plastics Circularity: A Review of Mechano-Biocatalytic Approaches for Waste Plastic (Re)valorization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:696040. [PMID: 34239864 PMCID: PMC8260098 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.696040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inspirational concepts, and the transfer of analogs from natural biology to science and engineering, has produced many excellent technologies to date, spanning vaccines to modern architectural feats. This review highlights that answers to the pressing global petroleum-based plastic waste challenges, can be found within the mechanics and mechanisms natural ecosystems. Here, a suite of technological and engineering approaches, which can be implemented to operate in tandem with nature's prescription for regenerative material circularity, is presented as a route to plastics sustainability. A number of mechanical/green chemical (pre)treatment methodologies, which simulate natural weathering and arthropodal dismantling activities are reviewed, including: mechanical milling, reactive extrusion, ultrasonic-, UV- and degradation using supercritical CO2. Akin to natural mechanical degradation, the purpose of the pretreatments is to render the plastic materials more amenable to microbial and biocatalytic activities, to yield effective depolymerization and (re)valorization. While biotechnological based degradation and depolymerization of both recalcitrant and bioplastics are at a relatively early stage of development, the potential for acceleration and expedition of valuable output monomers and oligomers yields is considerable. To date a limited number of independent mechano-green chemical approaches and a considerable and growing number of standalone enzymatic and microbial degradation studies have been reported. A convergent strategy, one which forges mechano-green chemical treatments together with the enzymatic and microbial actions, is largely lacking at this time. An overview of the reported microbial and enzymatic degradations of petroleum-based synthetic polymer plastics, specifically: low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyurethanes (PU) and polycaprolactone (PCL) and selected prevalent bio-based or bio-polymers [polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and polybutylene succinate (PBS)], is detailed. The harvesting of depolymerization products to produce new materials and higher-value products is also a key endeavor in effectively completing the circle for plastics. Our challenge is now to effectively combine and conjugate the requisite cross disciplinary approaches and progress the essential science and engineering technologies to categorically complete the life-cycle for plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstratios Nikolaivits
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Brana Pantelic
- Eco-Biotechnology & Drug Development Group, Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Genetics and Ecology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - George Taxeidis
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ramesh Babu
- AMBER Centre, CRANN Institute, School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Evangelos Topakas
- Industrial Biotechnology & Biocatalysis Group, Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Jasmina Nikodinovic-Runic
- Eco-Biotechnology & Drug Development Group, Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Genetics and Ecology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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29
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Synergistic effect of UV and chemical treatment on biological degradation of Polystyrene by Cephalosporium strain NCIM 1251. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:2183-2191. [PMID: 33620524 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study approaches the capability of Cephalosporium strain NCIM 1251 to degrade pre-treated polystyrene films. Polystyrene was initially treated with UV for the introduction of oxygen molecules in pure polystyrene samples. UV treatment inserts aliphatic ketones functional group in polystyrene whereas it created C-C stretching after chemical treatment in UV-treated polystyrene as analyzed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The gravimetric study confirmed a decline in the weight of the pre-treated polystyrene by 20.62 ± 1.47% after 8 weeks of the incubation period. pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and conductivity of mineral salt media were correlated with the extent of biodegradation. Treatment with UV and acid increased the thermal stability of pure polystyrene, whereas thermal stability decreased in pre-treated polystyrene after incubation with Cephalosporium strain NCIM 1251 as studied by Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis observed revisions in the morphology and surface patterns in pre-treated polystyrene after inoculation with Cephalosporium strain NCIM 1251. The observed findings suggest that the Cephalosporium strain NCIM 1251 could be efficient for the decomposition of pre-treated polystyrene.
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30
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Bae J, Cho HW, Jung H, Park J, Yun S, Ha S, Lee Y, Kim TJ. Changes in Intestinal Microbiota Due to the Expanded Polystyrene Diet of Mealworms ( Tenebrio molitor). Indian J Microbiol 2021; 61:130-136. [PMID: 33927454 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-021-00922-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Expanded polystyrene (EPS), which is difficult to decompose, is usually buried or incinerated, causing the natural environment to be contaminated with microplastics and environmental hormones. Digestion of EPS by mealworms has been identified as a possible biological solution to the problem of pollution, but the complete degradation mechanism of EPS is not yet known. Intestinal microorganisms play a significant role in the degradation of EPS by mealworms, and relatively few other EPS degradation microorganisms are currently known. This study observed significant differences in the intestinal microbiota of mealworms according to the dietary results of metagenomics analysis and biodiversity indices. We have proposed two new candidates of EPS-degrading bacteria, Cronobacter sakazakii and Lactococcus garvieae, which increased significantly in the EPS feeding group population. The population change and the new two bacteria will help us understand the biological mechanism of EPS degradation and develop practical EPS degradation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Bae
- Department of Forest Products and Biotechnology, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707 Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Woo Cho
- Department of Forest Products and Biotechnology, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejin Jung
- Department of Forest Products and Biotechnology, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707 Republic of Korea
| | - Jusang Park
- Department of Forest Products and Biotechnology, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707 Republic of Korea
| | - Seohee Yun
- Department of Forest Products and Biotechnology, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707 Republic of Korea
| | - Seungwon Ha
- Department of Forest Products and Biotechnology, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707 Republic of Korea
| | - Yongju Lee
- Department of Forest Products and Biotechnology, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jong Kim
- Department of Forest Products and Biotechnology, Kookmin University, Seoul, 02707 Republic of Korea
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31
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Advances in enzymatic oxyfunctionalization of aliphatic compounds. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 51:107703. [PMID: 33545329 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Selective oxyfunctionalizations of aliphatic compounds are difficult chemical reactions, where enzymes can play an important role due to their stereo- and regio-selectivity and operation under mild reaction conditions. P450 monooxygenases are well-known biocatalysts that mediate oxyfunctionalization reactions in different living organisms (from bacteria to humans). Unspecific peroxygenases (UPOs), discovered in fungi, have arisen as "dream biocatalysts" of great biotechnological interest because they catalyze the oxyfunctionalization of aliphatic and aromatic compounds, avoiding the necessity of expensive cofactors and regeneration systems, and only depending on H2O2 for their catalysis. Here, we summarize recent advances in aliphatic oxyfunctionalization reactions by UPOs, as well as the molecular determinants of the enzyme structures responsible for their activities, emphasizing the differences found between well-known P450s and the novel fungal peroxygenases.
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32
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Gambarini V, Pantos O, Kingsbury JM, Weaver L, Handley KM, Lear G. Phylogenetic Distribution of Plastic-Degrading Microorganisms. mSystems 2021; 6:e01112-20. [PMID: 33468707 PMCID: PMC7820669 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01112-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of plastic-degrading microorganisms reported is rapidly increasing, making it possible to explore the conservation and distribution of presumed plastic-degrading traits across the diverse microbial tree of life. Putative degraders of conventional high-molecular-weight polymers, including polyamide, polystyrene, polyvinylchloride, and polypropylene, are spread widely across bacterial and fungal branches of the tree of life, although evidence for plastic degradation by a majority of these taxa appears limited. In contrast, we found strong degradation evidence for the synthetic polymer polylactic acid (PLA), and the microbial species related to its degradation are phylogenetically conserved among the bacterial family Pseudonocardiaceae We collated data on genes and enzymes related to the degradation of all types of plastic to identify 16,170 putative plastic degradation orthologs by mining publicly available microbial genomes. The plastic with the largest number of putative orthologs, 10,969, was the natural polymer polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), followed by the synthetic polymers polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polycaprolactone (PCL), with 8,233 and 6,809 orthologs, respectively. These orthologous genes were discovered in the genomes of 6,000 microbial species, and most of them are as yet not identified as plastic degraders. Furthermore, all these species belong to 12 different microbial phyla, of which just 7 phyla have reported degraders to date. We have centralized information on reported plastic-degrading microorganisms within an interactive and updatable phylogenetic tree and database to confirm the global and phylogenetic diversity of putative plastic-degrading taxa and provide new insights into the evolution of microbial plastic-degrading capabilities and avenues for future discovery.IMPORTANCE We have collated the most complete database of microorganisms identified as being capable of degrading plastics to date. These data allow us to explore the phylogenetic distribution of these organisms and their enzymes, showing that traits for plastic degradation are predominantly not phylogenetically conserved. We found 16,170 putative plastic degradation orthologs in the genomes of 12 different phyla, which suggests a vast potential for the exploration of these traits in other taxa. Besides making the database available to the scientific community, we also created an interactive phylogenetic tree that can display all of the collated information, facilitating visualization and exploration of the data. Both the database and the tree are regularly updated to keep up with new scientific reports. We expect that our work will contribute to the field by increasing the understanding of the genetic diversity and evolution of microbial plastic-degrading traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Gambarini
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Olga Pantos
- The Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Ilam, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Joanne M Kingsbury
- The Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Ilam, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Louise Weaver
- The Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Ilam, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Kim M Handley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gavin Lear
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Yadav R, Rajput V, Dharne M. Functional metagenomic landscape of polluted river reveals potential genes involved in degradation of xenobiotic pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 192:110332. [PMID: 33068578 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Rapid industrialization contributes substantially to xenobiotic pollutants in rivers. As a result, most of the rivers traversing urban settlements are in significantly deteriorated conditions. These pollutants are recalcitrant, requiring robust catabolic machinery for their complete transformation into bioavailable and non-toxic by-products. Microbes are versatile dwellers that could adapt to such contaminants by using them as a source of nutrients during growth. However, efficient bioremediation requires an in-depth knowledge of microbial diversity and their metabolism related genes in the polluted niches. We employed MinION shotgun sequencing, to comprehend the biodegradation related genes and their function potential operating in the polluted urban riverine system of Western India. A vast number of catabolic genes were detected for the xenobiotic pollutants such as Benzoate, Nitrotoluene, Aminobenzoate, Drug metabolism, and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Aerobic, and anaerobic catabolism genes, were mapped for their ability of degradation of xenobiotics. Interestingly, catabolism profiles of multiple aromatic compounds culminated into the Benzoate degradation pathway, suggesting it as a plausible central pathway for the autochthonous bacterial communities. Further mapping with RemeDB database, predicted plastic and dye degrading enzymes. Moreover, the diversity indices for the pollutant degrading enzymes suggested little variations (R2 value of 18%) between the city and non-city (outskirts of city limits) riverine stretch indicating the impact of industrialization in the outskirts of the city stretch as well. Altogether, this study would serve as a preliminary baseline for future explorations concerning river cleaning programs and also exploiting such microbes for bioremediation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakeshkumar Yadav
- National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM), Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
| | - Vinay Rajput
- National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM), Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India.
| | - Mahesh Dharne
- National Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (NCIM), Biochemical Sciences Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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34
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Ashar M, Fraser MA, Li J, Wang C, Huang W, Zhang D, Zhang C. Interaction between microbial communities and various plastic types under different aquatic systems. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 162:105151. [PMID: 32956972 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the physicochemical surface changes of various plastics caused by indigenous communities. The first invading microbes on plastics in 4 different aquatic communities including seawater, freshwater, marine sediments and lake sediments were developed in microcosm incubation experiments. A mixture of weathered plastics (PE, PS, PET) was incubated with different indigenous communities under their respective habitat simulations. All microbial communities were able to form populations on all plastic surfaces with time-dependent development. Biofilm also affected floatation of plastics and the communities on PE foam (PF) were dominated by genera affiliated with plastic and hydrocarbon degraders. The results showed that indigenous populations were able to degrade plastic pieces and utilize them as carbon sources where the weight of PF was reduced more effectively than PS and PET. Besides, carbonyl groups that were seen with FTIR on initial PF disappeared after microbial treatment along with signs of bioerosion on the plastic surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ashar
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Maria A Fraser
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China; State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunfang Zhang
- Institute of Marine Biology and Pharmacology, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China.
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35
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Styrene and Bioaerosol Removal from Waste Air with a Combined Biotrickling Filter and DBD–Plasma System. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12219240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A combined system of a biotrickling filter and a non-thermal plasma (NTP) in a downstream airflow was operated for 1220 days for treatment of emissions of styrene and secondary emissions of germs formed in the biological process. The biotrickling filter was operated at variable inlet concentrations, empty bed residence times (EBRT), type and dosage of fertilizers, irrigation densities, and starvation periods, while dielectric barrier discharge and corona discharge were operated at different specific input energy levels to achieve optimal conditions. Under these conditions, efficiencies in the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), germs and styrene of 96–98%, 1–4 log units and 24.7–50.1 g C m−3 h−1 were achieved, respectively. Fluid simulations of the NTP and a germ emission-based clocking of the discharge reveal further energy saving potentials of more than 90%. The aim of an energy-efficient elimination of VOCs through a biotrickling filter and of secondary germ emissions by a NTP stage in a downstream airflow for potential re-use of purified waste gas as process gas for industrial application was successfully accomplished.
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Evaluation of the Biodegradation Efficiency of Four Various Types of Plastics by Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from the Gut Extract of Superworms. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091341. [PMID: 32887431 PMCID: PMC7563362 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plastic waste worldwide is becoming a serious pollution problem for the planet. Various physical and chemical methods have been tested in attempts to remove plastic dumps. However, these have usually resulted in secondary pollution issues. Recently, the biodegradation of plastic by fungal and bacterial strains has been spotlighted as a promising solution to remove plastic wastes without generating secondary pollution. We have previously reported that a Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain isolated from the gut of a superworm is capable of biodegrading polystyrene (PS) and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS). Herein, we demonstrate the extraordinary biodegradative power of P. aeruginosa in efficiently depolymerizing four different types of plastics: PS, PPS, polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). We further compared biodegradation rates for these four plastic types and found that PE was biodegraded fastest, whereas the biodegradation of PP was the slowest. Moreover, the growth rates of P. aeruginosa were not always proportional to biodegradation rates, suggesting that the rate of bacterial growth could be influenced by the composition and properties of intermediate molecules produced during plastic biodegradation, and these may supply useful cellular precursors and energy. In conclusion, an initial screening system to select the most suitable bacterial strain to biodegrade certain types of plastic is particularly important and may be necessary to solve plastic waste problems both presently and in the future.
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Purohit J, Chattopadhyay A, Teli B. Metagenomic Exploration of Plastic Degrading Microbes for Biotechnological Application. Curr Genomics 2020; 21:253-270. [PMID: 33071619 PMCID: PMC7521044 DOI: 10.2174/1389202921999200525155711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the last few decades, the promiscuous and uncontrolled use of plastics led to the accumulation of millions of tons of plastic waste in the terrestrial and marine environment. It elevated the risk of environmental pollution and climate change. The concern arises more due to the reckless and unscientific disposal of plastics containing high molecular weight polymers, viz., polystyrene, polyamide, polyvinylchloride, polypropylene, polyurethane, and polyethylene, etc. which are very difficult to degrade. Thus, the focus is now paid to search for efficient, eco-friendly, low-cost waste management technology. Of them, degradation of non-degradable synthetic polymer using diverse microbial agents, viz., bacteria, fungi, and other extremophiles become an emerging option. So far, very few microbial agents and their secreted enzymes have been identified and characterized for plastic degradation, but with low efficiency. It might be due to the predominance of uncultured microbial species, which consequently remain unexplored from the respective plastic degrading milieu. To overcome this problem, metagenomic analysis of microbial population engaged in the plastic biodegradation is advisable to decipher the microbial community structure and to predict their biodegradation potential in situ. Advancements in sequencing technologies and bioinformatics analysis allow the rapid metagenome screening that helps in the identification of total microbial community and also opens up the scope for mining genes or enzymes (hydrolases, laccase, etc.) engaged in polymer degradation. Further, the extraction of the core microbial population and their adaptation, fitness, and survivability can also be deciphered through comparative metagenomic study. It will help to engineer the microbial community and their metabolic activity to speed up the degradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotika Purohit
- 1Department of Plant Pathology, C.P. College of Agriculture, S.D. Agricultural University, SK Nagar, (Guj.), India; 2Division of Plant Pathology, IARI, New Delhi, India; 3Department of Mycology & Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, (U.P.), India
| | - Anirudha Chattopadhyay
- 1Department of Plant Pathology, C.P. College of Agriculture, S.D. Agricultural University, SK Nagar, (Guj.), India; 2Division of Plant Pathology, IARI, New Delhi, India; 3Department of Mycology & Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, (U.P.), India
| | - Basavaraj Teli
- 1Department of Plant Pathology, C.P. College of Agriculture, S.D. Agricultural University, SK Nagar, (Guj.), India; 2Division of Plant Pathology, IARI, New Delhi, India; 3Department of Mycology & Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, (U.P.), India
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38
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Kim HR, Lee HM, Yu HC, Jeon E, Lee S, Li J, Kim DH. Biodegradation of Polystyrene by Pseudomonas sp. Isolated from the Gut of Superworms (Larvae of Zophobas atratus). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:6987-6996. [PMID: 32374590 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Recently, various attempts have been made to solve plastic waste problems, such as development of biodegradation without producing pollution. Polystyrene (PS) is the fifth most used plastic in many industries; therefore, degrading PS becomes a critical global issue. Here, we reported Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain DSM 50071, initially isolated from the gut of the superworms, Zophobas atratus, and the PS degradation by Pseudomonas sp. DSM 50071. We examined PS degradation using electronic microscopy and measured changes in atomic composition and contact angles with water droplets on the PS surface that represents a chemical change from hydrophobicity to hydrophilicity. We have further examined chemical structural changes using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier-transform-infrared spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to confirm the formation of carbonyl groups (C═O) in the oxidation pathway during PS biodegradation. In reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, the gene expression level of serine hydrolase (SH) in Pseudomonas sp. DSM 50071 was highly increased during PS degradation, and the enzyme-mediated biodegradation of PS was further confirmed by the SH inhibitor treatment test. Thus, the significance of these findings goes beyond the discovery of a novel function of Pseudomonas sp. DSM 50071 in the gut of superworms, highlighting a potential solution for PS biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Rae Kim
- School of Undergraduate Studies, College of Transdisciplinary Studies, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Min Lee
- School of Undergraduate Studies, College of Transdisciplinary Studies, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Cheol Yu
- School of Undergraduate Studies, College of Transdisciplinary Studies, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunbeen Jeon
- School of Undergraduate Studies, College of Transdisciplinary Studies, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukkyoo Lee
- School of Undergraduate Studies, College of Transdisciplinary Studies, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiaojie Li
- Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hwan Kim
- School of Undergraduate Studies, College of Transdisciplinary Studies, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
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39
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Woiski C, Dobslaw D, Engesser KH. Isolation and characterization of 2-butoxyethanol degrading bacterial strains. Biodegradation 2020; 31:153-169. [PMID: 32356147 PMCID: PMC7299911 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-020-09900-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A total of 11 bacterial strains capable of completely degrading 2-butoxyethanol (2-BE) were isolated from forest soil, a biotrickling filter, a bioscrubber, and activated sludge, and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Eight of these strains belong to the genus Pseudomonas; the remaining three strains are Hydrogenophaga pseudoflava BOE3, Gordonia terrae BOE5, and Cupriavidus oxalaticus BOE300. In addition to 2-BE, all isolated strains were able to grow on 2-ethoxyethanol and 2-propoxyethanol, ethanol, n-hexanol, ethyl acetate, 2-butoxyacetic acid (2-BAA), glyoxylic acid, and n-butanol. Apart from the only gram-positive strain isolated, BOE5, none of the strains were able to grow on the nonpolar ethers diethyl ether, di-n-butyl ether, n-butyl vinyl ether, and dibenzyl ether, as well as on 1-butoxy-2-propanol. Strains H. pseudoflava BOE3 and two of the isolated pseudomonads, Pseudomonas putida BOE100 and P. vancouverensis BOE200, were studied in more detail. The maximum growth rates of strains BOE3, BOE100, and BOE200 at 30 °C were 0.204 h-1 at 4 mM, 0.645 h-1 at 5 mM, and 0.395 h-1 at 6 mM 2-BE, respectively. 2-BAA, n-butanol, and butanoic acid were detected as potential metabolites during the degradation of 2-BE. These findings indicate that the degradation of 2-BE by the isolated gram-negative strains proceeds via oxidation to 2-BAA with subsequent cleavage of the ether bond yielding glyoxylate and n-butanol. Since Gordonia terrae BOE5 was the only strain able to degrade nonpolar ethers like diethyl ether, the degradation pathway of 2-BE may be different for this strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Woiski
- Department of Biological Waste Air Purification, Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Bandtaele 2, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Daniel Dobslaw
- Department of Biological Waste Air Purification, Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Bandtaele 2, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinrich Engesser
- Department of Biological Waste Air Purification, Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Bandtaele 2, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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40
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Biodiversity of Microorganisms Colonizing the Surface of Polystyrene Samples Exposed to Different Aqueous Environments. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12093624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of marine and freshwater ecosystems with the items from thermoplastics, including polystyrene (PS), necessitates the search for efficient microbial degraders of these polymers. In the present study, the composition of prokaryotes in biofilms formed on PS samples incubated in seawater and the industrial water of a petrochemical plant were investigated. Using a high-throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene, the predominance of Alphaproteobacteria (Blastomonas), Bacteroidetes (Chryseolinea), and Gammaproteobacteria (Arenimonas and Pseudomonas) in the biofilms on PS samples exposed to industrial water was revealed. Alphaproteobacteria (Erythrobacter) predominated on seawater-incubated PS samples. The local degradation of the PS samples was confirmed by scanning microscopy. The PS-colonizing microbial communities in industrial water differed significantly from the PS communities in seawater. Both communities have a high potential ability to carry out the carbohydrates and amino acids metabolism, but the potential for xenobiotic degradation, including styrene degradation, was relatively higher in the biofilms in industrial water. Bacteria of the genera Erythrobacter, Maribacter, and Mycobacterium were potential styrene-degraders in seawater, and Pseudomonas and Arenimonas in industrial water. Our results suggest that marine and industrial waters contain microbial populations potentially capable of degrading PS, and these populations may be used for the isolation of efficient PS degraders.
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41
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Danso D, Chow J, Streit WR. Plastics: Environmental and Biotechnological Perspectives on Microbial Degradation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:e01095-19. [PMID: 31324632 PMCID: PMC6752018 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01095-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastics are widely used in the global economy, and each year, at least 350 to 400 million tons are being produced. Due to poor recycling and low circular use, millions of tons accumulate annually in terrestrial or marine environments. Today it has become clear that plastic causes adverse effects in all ecosystems and that microplastics are of particular concern to our health. Therefore, recent microbial research has addressed the question of if and to what extent microorganisms can degrade plastics in the environment. This review summarizes current knowledge on microbial plastic degradation. Enzymes available act mainly on the high-molecular-weight polymers of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and ester-based polyurethane (PUR). Unfortunately, the best PUR- and PET-active enzymes and microorganisms known still have moderate turnover rates. While many reports describing microbial communities degrading chemical additives have been published, no enzymes acting on the high-molecular-weight polymers polystyrene, polyamide, polyvinylchloride, polypropylene, ether-based polyurethane, and polyethylene are known. Together, these polymers comprise more than 80% of annual plastic production. Thus, further research is needed to significantly increase the diversity of enzymes and microorganisms acting on these polymers. This can be achieved by tapping into the global metagenomes of noncultivated microorganisms and dark matter proteins. Only then can novel biocatalysts and organisms be delivered that allow rapid degradation, recycling, or value-added use of the vast majority of most human-made polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Danso
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Chow
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang R Streit
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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42
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Yanto DHY, Krishanti NPRA, Ardiati FC, Anita SH, Nugraha IK, Sari FP, Laksana RPB, Sapardi S, Watanabe T. Biodegradation of styrofoam waste by ligninolytic fungi and bacteria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/1755-1315/308/1/012001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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43
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Safari M, Yakhchali B, Shariati J V. Comprehensive genomic analysis of an indigenous Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes degrading phenolic compounds. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12736. [PMID: 31484962 PMCID: PMC6726644 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental contamination with aromatic compounds is a universal challenge. Aromatic-degrading microorganisms isolated from the same or similar polluted environments seem to be more suitable for bioremediation. Moreover, microorganisms adapted to contaminated environments are able to use toxic compounds as the sole sources of carbon and energy. An indigenous strain of Pseudomonas, isolated from the Mahshahr Petrochemical plant in the Khuzestan province, southwest of Iran, was studied genetically. It was characterized as a novel Gram-negative, aerobic, halotolerant, rod-shaped bacterium designated Pseudomonas YKJ, which was resistant to chloramphenicol and ampicillin. Genome of the strain was completely sequenced using Illumina technology to identify its genetic characteristics. MLST analysis revealed that the YKJ strain belongs to the genus Pseudomonas indicating the highest sequence similarity with Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes strain CECT 5344 (99% identity). Core- and pan-genome analysis indicated that P. pseudoalcaligenes contains 1,671 core and 3,935 unique genes for coding DNA sequences. The metabolic and degradation pathways for aromatic pollutants were investigated using the NCBI and KEGG databases. Genomic and experimental analyses showed that the YKJ strain is able to degrade certain aromatic compounds including bisphenol A, phenol, benzoate, styrene, xylene, benzene and chlorobenzene. Moreover, antibiotic resistance and chemotaxis properties of the YKJ strain were found to be controlled by two-component regulatory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Safari
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, I. R., Iran.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Nour Danesh Institute of Higher Education, Isfahan Province, Meymeh, Danesh Blvd, I. R, Iran
| | - Bagher Yakhchali
- Department of Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, Institute of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, I. R., Iran.
| | - Vahid Shariati J
- Department of Plant Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, I. R., Iran
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44
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The Effects of Simultaneous Exposure to Styrene and Noise on Working Memory, Anxiety and Locomotor Activity in Rats. HEALTH SCOPE 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope.79211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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Heine T, Zimmerling J, Ballmann A, Kleeberg SB, Rückert C, Busche T, Winkler A, Kalinowski J, Poetsch A, Scholtissek A, Oelschlägel M, Schmidt G, Tischler D. On the Enigma of Glutathione-Dependent Styrene Degradation in Gordonia rubripertincta CWB2. Appl Environ Microbiol 2018; 84:e00154-18. [PMID: 29475871 PMCID: PMC5930330 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00154-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Among bacteria, only a single styrene-specific degradation pathway has been reported so far. It comprises the activity of styrene monooxygenase, styrene oxide isomerase, and phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase, yielding phenylacetic acid as the central metabolite. The alternative route comprises ring-hydroxylating enzymes and yields vinyl catechol as central metabolite, which undergoes meta-cleavage. This was reported to be unspecific and also allows the degradation of benzene derivatives. However, some bacteria had been described to degrade styrene but do not employ one of those routes or only parts of them. Here, we describe a novel "hybrid" degradation pathway for styrene located on a plasmid of foreign origin. As putatively also unspecific, it allows metabolizing chemically analogous compounds (e.g., halogenated and/or alkylated styrene derivatives). Gordonia rubripertincta CWB2 was isolated with styrene as the sole source of carbon and energy. It employs an assembled route of the styrene side-chain degradation and isoprene degradation pathways that also funnels into phenylacetic acid as the central metabolite. Metabolites, enzyme activity, genome, transcriptome, and proteome data reinforce this observation and allow us to understand this biotechnologically relevant pathway, which can be used for the production of ibuprofen.IMPORTANCE The degradation of xenobiotics by bacteria is not only important for bioremediation but also because the involved enzymes are potential catalysts in biotechnological applications. This study reveals a novel degradation pathway for the hazardous organic compound styrene in Gordonia rubripertincta CWB2. This study provides an impressive illustration of horizontal gene transfer, which enables novel metabolic capabilities. This study presents glutathione-dependent styrene metabolization in an (actino-)bacterium. Further, the genomic background of the ability of strain CWB2 to produce ibuprofen is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Heine
- Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | | | - Anne Ballmann
- Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | | | - Christian Rückert
- Technologieplattform Genomik, Centrum für Biotechnologie (CeBiTec), Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tobias Busche
- Technologieplattform Genomik, Centrum für Biotechnologie (CeBiTec), Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Anika Winkler
- Technologieplattform Genomik, Centrum für Biotechnologie (CeBiTec), Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Technologieplattform Genomik, Centrum für Biotechnologie (CeBiTec), Universität Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ansgar Poetsch
- Plant Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Anika Scholtissek
- Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | | | - Gert Schmidt
- Institut für Keramik, Glas- und Baustofftechnik, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Tischler
- Institute of Biosciences, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
- Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Oelschlägel M, Zimmerling J, Tischler D. A Review: The Styrene Metabolizing Cascade of Side-Chain Oxygenation as Biotechnological Basis to Gain Various Valuable Compounds. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:490. [PMID: 29623070 PMCID: PMC5874493 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Styrene is one of the most produced and processed chemicals worldwide and is released into the environment during widespread processing. But, it is also produced from plants and microorganisms. The natural occurrence of styrene led to several microbiological strategies to form and also to degrade styrene. One pathway designated as side-chain oxygenation has been reported as a specific route for the styrene degradation among microorganisms. It comprises the following enzymes: styrene monooxygenase (SMO; NADH-consuming and FAD-dependent, two-component system), styrene oxide isomerase (SOI; cofactor independent, membrane-bound protein) and phenylacetaldehyde dehydrogenase (PAD; NAD+-consuming) and allows an intrinsic cofactor regeneration. This specific way harbors a high potential for biotechnological use. Based on the enzymatic steps involved in this degradation route, important reactions can be realized from a large number of substrates which gain access to different interesting precursors for further applications. Furthermore, stereochemical transformations are possible, offering chiral products at high enantiomeric excess. This review provides an actual view on the microbiological styrene degradation followed by a detailed discussion on the enzymes of the side-chain oxygenation. Furthermore, the potential of the single enzyme reactions as well as the respective multi-step syntheses using the complete enzyme cascade are discussed in order to gain styrene oxides, phenylacetaldehydes, or phenylacetic acids (e.g., ibuprofen). Altered routes combining these putative biocatalysts with other enzymes are additionally described. Thus, the substrates spectrum can be enhanced and additional products as phenylethanols or phenylethylamines are reachable. Finally, additional enzymes with similar activities toward styrene and its metabolic intermediates are shown in order to modify the cascade described above or to use these enzyme independently for biotechnological application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Oelschlägel
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Biosciences, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Juliane Zimmerling
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Biosciences, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Tischler
- Environmental Microbiology Group, Institute of Biosciences, Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
- Microbial Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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47
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Pu W, Cui C, Guo C, Wu ZL. Characterization of two styrene monooxygenases from marine microbes. Enzyme Microb Technol 2018; 112:29-34. [PMID: 29499777 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Styrene monooxygenases (SMOs) are highly stereoselective enzymes that catalyze the formation of chiral epoxides as versatile building blocks. To expand the enzyme toolbox, two bacterial SMOs were identified from the genome of marine microbes Paraglaciecola agarilytica NO2 and Marinobacterium litorale DSM 23545, and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli in soluble form. Both of the resulting whole-cell biocatalysts exhibited maximal activity at 30 °C and pH 8.0. They catalyzed the sulfoxidation reactions, and the epoxidation of both conjugated and unconjugated styrene derivatives with up to >99%ee. MlSMO displayed higher activity toward most substrates tested. Compared to an established SMO from Pseudomonas species (PsSMO), MlSMO achieved 3.0-, 3.4- and 2.6-fold conversions for substrates styrene, cinnamyl alcohol and 4-vinyl-2, 3-dihydrobenzofuran, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Can Cui
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhong-Liu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental and Applied Microbiology, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China; Environmental Microbiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China.
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48
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Rojas-Pirela M, Rigden DJ, Michels PA, Cáceres AJ, Concepción JL, Quiñones W. Structure and function of Per-ARNT-Sim domains and their possible role in the life-cycle biology of Trypanosoma cruzi. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2017; 219:52-66. [PMID: 29133150 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Per-ARNT-Sim (PAS) domains of proteins play important roles as modules for signalling and cellular regulation processes in widely diverse organisms such as Archaea, Bacteria, protists, plants, yeasts, insects and vertebrates. These domains are present in many proteins where they are used as sensors of stimuli and modules for protein interactions. Characteristically, they can bind a broad spectrum of molecules. Such binding causes the domain to trigger a specific cellular response or to make the protein containing the domain susceptible to responding to additional physical or chemical signals. Different PAS proteins have the ability to sense redox potential, light, oxygen, energy levels, carboxylic acids, fatty acids and several other stimuli. Such proteins have been found to be involved in cellular processes such as development, virulence, sporulation, adaptation to hypoxia, circadian cycle, metabolism and gene regulation and expression. Our analysis of the genome of different kinetoplastid species revealed the presence of PAS domains also in different predicted kinases from these protists. Open-reading frames coding for these PAS-kinases are unusually large. In addition, the products of these genes appear to contain in their structure combinations of domains uncommon in other eukaryotes. The physiological significance of PAS domains in these parasites, specifically in Trypanosoma cruzi, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura Rojas-Pirela
- Laboratorio de Enzimología de Parásitos, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
| | - Daniel J Rigden
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Michels
- Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution and Centre for Translational and Chemical Biology, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ana J Cáceres
- Laboratorio de Enzimología de Parásitos, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
| | - Juan Luis Concepción
- Laboratorio de Enzimología de Parásitos, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
| | - Wilfredo Quiñones
- Laboratorio de Enzimología de Parásitos, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela.
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49
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Niaz K, Hassan FI, Mabqool F, Khan F, Momtaz S, Baeeri M, Navaei-Nigjeh M, Rahimifard M, Abdollahi M. Effect of styrene exposure on plasma parameters, molecular mechanisms and gene expression in rat model islet cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 54:62-73. [PMID: 28688303 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Styrene is an aromatic hydrocarbon compound present in the environment and have primary exposure through plastic industry. The current study was designed to evaluate styrene-induced toxicity parameters in rat plasma fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, oral glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, oxidative stress, and inflammatory cytokines in cellular and molecular levels. Styrene was dissolved in corn oil and administered at different doses (250, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000mg/kg/day and control) to each rat, for 42days. In treated groups, styrene significantly increased fasting blood glucose, plasma insulin (p<0.001) and glucose tolerance. Glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and hyperglycemia were found to be the main consequences correlating gene expression of islet cells. Styrene caused a significant enhancement of oxidative stress markers (p<0.001) and inflammatory cytokines in a dose and concentration-dependent manner in plasma (p<0.001). Moreover, the activities of caspase-3 and -9 of the islet cells were significantly up-regulated by this compound at 1500 and 2000mg/kg/day styrene administrated groups (p<0.001). The relative fold change of GLUD1 was downregulated (p<0.05) and upregulated at 1500 and 2000mg/kg, respectively (p<0.01). The relative fold changes of GLUT2 were down regulated at 250 and 1000mg/kg and up regulated in 500, 1500 and 2000mg/kg doses of styrene (p<0.01). The expression level of GCK indicated a significant upregulation at 250mg/kg and downregulation of relative fold changes in the remaining doses of styrene, except for no change at 2000mg/kg of styrene for GCK. Targeting genes (GLUD1, GLUT2 and GCK) of the pancreatic islet cells in styrene exposed groups, disrupted gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis pathways and insulin secretory functions. The present study illustrated that fasting blood glucose, insulin pathway, oxidative balance, inflammatory cytokines, cell viability and responsible genes of glucose metabolism are susceptible to styrene, which consequently lead to other abnormalities in various organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Niaz
- International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatima Ismail Hassan
- International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faheem Mabqool
- International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazlullah Khan
- International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran; Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Baeeri
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Navaei-Nigjeh
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahban Rahimifard
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IC-TUMS), Tehran, Iran; Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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50
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Ho BT, Roberts TK, Lucas S. An overview on biodegradation of polystyrene and modified polystyrene: the microbial approach. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:308-320. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1355293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ba Thanh Ho
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Timothy K. Roberts
- The Tom Farrell Institute for The Environment, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Steven Lucas
- The Tom Farrell Institute for The Environment, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
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