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Zhang J, Duan Y, Wu P, Chang Y, Wang Y, Hu T, Liu C, Chen X, Zong S, Chen X, Wu Y, Jin L, Lan Y, Liu X, Cheng X, Ding F, Li T, Chen X, Guo Y, Chen Y, Yang W, Zhang L, Zou Y, Cheng T, Zhu X, Zhang Y. Clonal evolution dissection reveals that a high MSI2 level promotes chemoresistance in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood 2024; 143:320-335. [PMID: 37801708 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023020490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive cancer with resistant clonal propagation in recurrence. We performed high-throughput droplet-based 5' single-cell RNA with paired T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing of paired diagnosis-relapse (Dx_Rel) T-ALL samples to dissect the clonal diversities. Two leukemic evolutionary patterns, "clonal shift" and "clonal drift" were unveiled. Targeted single-cell DNA sequencing of paired Dx_Rel T-ALL samples further corroborated the existence of the 2 contrasting clonal evolution patterns, revealing that dynamic transcriptional variation might cause the mutationally static clones to evolve chemotherapy resistance. Analysis of commonly enriched drifted gene signatures showed expression of the RNA-binding protein MSI2 was significantly upregulated in the persistent TCR clonotypes at relapse. Integrated in vitro and in vivo functional studies suggested that MSI2 contributed to the proliferation of T-ALL and promoted chemotherapy resistance through the posttranscriptional regulation of MYC, pinpointing MSI2 as an informative biomarker and novel therapeutic target in T-ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingliao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongjuan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Yue Wang
- Novogene Co, Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Tianyuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Suyu Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Yangping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Linlin Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuelian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Tianyu Li
- Wuxi Children's Hospital, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Ye Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Yumei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Yao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaofan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingchi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Institutes of Health Science, Tianjin, China
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2
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The Multitasker Protein: A Look at the Multiple Capabilities of NUMB. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020333. [PMID: 36672267 PMCID: PMC9856935 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
NUMB, a plasma membrane-associated protein originally described in Drosophila, is involved in determining cell function and fate during early stages of development. It is secreted asymmetrically in dividing cells, with one daughter cell inheriting NUMB and the other inheriting its antagonist, NOTCH. NUMB has been proposed as a polarizing agent and has multiple functions, including endocytosis and serving as an adaptor in various cellular pathways such as NOTCH, Hedgehog, and the P53-MDM2 axis. Due to its role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, it has been suggested that NUMB may be involved in various human pathologies such as cancer and Alzheimer's disease. Further research on NUMB could aid in understanding disease mechanisms and advancing the field of personalized medicine and the development of new therapies.
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Wu W, Li J, Dong D, Dou F, Lin Y, Yang X, Zhou Y, Xie J. Prognostic value of MSI2 expression in human malignancies: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32064. [PMID: 36596017 PMCID: PMC9803470 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic value of Musashi-2 (MSI2) in human malignancies remains controversial. We thus conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the association between MSI2 expression and prognosis of patients with malignancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched EMBASE, PubMed and Web of Science up to June 2021 for eligible studies. Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to assess the prognostic value of MSI2 expression. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs were calculated to evaluate the association between MSI2 expression and clinicopathological traits. RESULTS Sixteen studies involving 2203 patients were finally included in this meta-analysis. We found that high MSI2 expression might predict unfavorable OS (HR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.62-2.10, P < .0001) and DFS/RFS (HR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.87-2.57, P < .0001). Besides, the pooled results indicated that increased MSI2 expression correlated with large tumor size, poor tumor differentiation, positive lymph node metastasis and advanced tumor stage. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our data implies that MSI2 overexpression is related to poor survival outcomes in patients with malignancy. Therefore, MSI2 may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target of malignancies. However, large-scale prospective and homogeneous investigations should be conducted in the future to further validate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Anorectum Surgical Department, YunNan Provimcial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, YunNan, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 3201 Hospital of Xi’an Jiao Tong University Health Science Center, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Wu, Anorectum Surgical Department, YunNan Provimcial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, YunNan, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 3201 Hospital of Xi’an Jiao Tong University Health Science Center, Hanzhong 723000, Shaanxi, China and Jun Xie, Anorectum Surgical Department, YunNan Provimcial Hospital of Traditongnal Chinese Medicine, YunNan, China (e-mail: and )
| | - Jialin Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Dejia Dong
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Fafu Dou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoye Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Gastrointestinal Cancer Center, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Anorectum Surgical Department, YunNan Provimcial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, YunNan, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Wu, Anorectum Surgical Department, YunNan Provimcial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, YunNan, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 3201 Hospital of Xi’an Jiao Tong University Health Science Center, Hanzhong 723000, Shaanxi, China and Jun Xie, Anorectum Surgical Department, YunNan Provimcial Hospital of Traditongnal Chinese Medicine, YunNan, China (e-mail: and )
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4
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Jiang L, Xue S, Xu J, Fu X, Wei J, Zhang C. Prognostic value of Musashi 2 (MSI2) in cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:969632. [PMID: 36530989 PMCID: PMC9751961 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.969632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Musashi 2 (MSI2) is an RNA-binding protein that regulates mRNA translation of numerous intracellular targets and plays an important role in the development of cancer. However, the prognostic value of MSI2 in various cancers remains controversial. Herein, we conducted this meta-analysis including 21 studies with 2640 patients searched from PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure databases, and WanFang databases to accurately assess the prognostic significance of MSI2 in various cancers. Our results indicated that high MSI2 expression was significantly related to poor overall survival (HR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.66-2.05, P < 0.001) and disease-free survival (HR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.35-2.22, P < 0.001). In addition, MSI2 positive expression was associated with certain phenotypes of tumor aggressiveness, such as clinical stage, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, liver metastasis and tumor size. In conclusion, elevated MSI2 expression is closely correlated with poor prognosis in various cancers, and may serve as a potential molecular target for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shanshan Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Xu
- The Center for Translational Medicine, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyang Fu
- The Center for Translational Medicine, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanmeng Zhang
- The Center for Translational Medicine, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
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5
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Erazo T, Evans CM, Zakheim D, Chu KL, Refermat AY, Asgari Z, Yang X, Da Silva Ferreira M, Mehta S, Russo MV, Knezevic A, Zhang XP, Chen Z, Fennell M, Garippa R, Seshan V, de Stanchina E, Barbash O, Batlevi CL, Leslie CS, Melnick AM, Younes A, Kharas MG. TP53 mutations and RNA-binding protein MUSASHI-2 drive resistance to PRMT5-targeted therapy in B-cell lymphoma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5676. [PMID: 36167829 PMCID: PMC9515221 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33137-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify drivers of sensitivity and resistance to Protein Arginine Methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) inhibition, we perform a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen. We identify TP53 and RNA-binding protein MUSASHI2 (MSI2) as the top-ranked sensitizer and driver of resistance to specific PRMT5i, GSK-591, respectively. TP53 deletion and TP53R248W mutation are biomarkers of resistance to GSK-591. PRMT5 expression correlates with MSI2 expression in lymphoma patients. MSI2 depletion and pharmacological inhibition using Ro 08-2750 (Ro) both synergize with GSK-591 to reduce cell growth. Ro reduces MSI2 binding to its global targets and dual treatment of Ro and PRMT5 inhibitors result in synergistic gene expression changes including cell cycle, P53 and MYC signatures. Dual MSI2 and PRMT5 inhibition further blocks c-MYC and BCL-2 translation. BCL-2 depletion or inhibition with venetoclax synergizes with a PRMT5 inhibitor by inducing reduced cell growth and apoptosis. Thus, we propose a therapeutic strategy in lymphoma that combines PRMT5 with MSI2 or BCL-2 inhibition. Inhibition of the protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 has been suggested as a promising therapy for lymphoma. Here, the authors show that TP53 loss of function and MUSASHI-2 (MSI2) expression are biomarkers of resistance to PRMT5-targeted therapy in B-cell lymphoma. Moreover, combining PRMT5 inhibition with MSI2 or BCL-2 inhibitors blocks the translation of key drivers of lymphoma, c-MYC and BCL-2, inhibiting cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Erazo
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Experimental Therapeutics Center and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chiara M Evans
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Experimental Therapeutics Center and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Zakheim
- Gene Editing and Screening Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen L Chu
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Experimental Therapeutics Center and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alice Yunsi Refermat
- Gene Editing and Screening Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zahra Asgari
- Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xuejing Yang
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Experimental Therapeutics Center and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariana Da Silva Ferreira
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Experimental Therapeutics Center and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanjoy Mehta
- Gene Editing and Screening Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marco Vincenzo Russo
- Gene Editing and Screening Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Knezevic
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xi-Ping Zhang
- Epigenetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Myles Fennell
- Gene Editing and Screening Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ralph Garippa
- Gene Editing and Screening Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Venkatraman Seshan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elisa de Stanchina
- Antitumor Assessment Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olena Barbash
- Epigenetics Research Unit, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Connie Lee Batlevi
- Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christina S Leslie
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ari M Melnick
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anas Younes
- Lymphoma Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Michael G Kharas
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Experimental Therapeutics Center and Center for Stem Cell Biology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Adeniyi JN, Adeniyi AA, Moodley R, Nlooto M, Ngcobo M, Gomo E, Conradie J. Unravelling the drugability of MSI2 RNA recognition motif (RRM) protein and the prediction of their effective antileukemia inhibitors from traditional herb concoctions. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:2516-2529. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1840442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joy Nkechinyere Adeniyi
- Traditional Medicine Laboratory, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Adebayo A. Adeniyi
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Ekiti, Nigeria
| | - Roshila Moodley
- School of Chemistry and Physics, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Manimbulu Nlooto
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Care Sciences, University of Limpopo, Sovenga, South Africa
| | - Mlungisi Ngcobo
- Traditional Medicine Laboratory, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Exnevia Gomo
- Traditional Medicine Laboratory, School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Jeanet Conradie
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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7
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Qin T, Cheng Y, Wang X. RNA-binding proteins as drivers of AML and novel therapeutic targets. Leuk Lymphoma 2022; 63:1045-1057. [PMID: 35075986 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.2008381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a group of genetically complex and heterogeneous invasive hematological malignancies with a low 5-year overall survival rate of 30%, which highlights the urgent need for improved treatment measures. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) regulate the abundance of isoforms of related proteins by regulating RNA splicing, translation, stability, and localization, thereby affecting cell differentiation and self-renewal. It is increasingly believed that RBPs are essential for normal hematopoiesis, and RBPs play a key role in hematological tumors, especially AML, by acting as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. In addition, targeting an RBP that is significantly related to AML can trigger the apoptosis of leukemic stem cells or promote the proliferation of stem and progenitor cells by modulating the expression of important pathway regulatory factors such as HOXA9, MYC, and CDKN1A. Accordingly, RBPs involved in normal myeloid differentiation and the occurrence of AML may represent promising therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Qin
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaozhong Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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8
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Alpert A, Nahman O, Starosvetsky E, Hayun M, Curiel TJ, Ofran Y, Shen-Orr SS. Alignment of single-cell trajectories by tuMap enables high-resolution quantitative comparison of cancer samples. Cell Syst 2022; 13:71-82.e8. [PMID: 34624253 PMCID: PMC8776581 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell technologies allow characterization of cancer samples as continuous developmental trajectories. Yet, the obtained temporal resolution cannot be leveraged for a comparative analysis due to the large phenotypic heterogeneity existing between patients. Here, we present the tuMap algorithm that exploits high-dimensional single-cell data of cancer samples exhibiting an underlying developmental structure to align them with the healthy development, yielding the tuMap pseudotime axis that allows their systematic, meaningful comparison. We applied tuMap on single-cell mass cytometry data of acute lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemia to reveal associations between the tuMap pseudotime axis and clinics that outperform cellular assignment into developmental populations. Application of the tuMap algorithm on single-cell RNA sequencing data further identified gene signatures of stem cells residing at the very-early parts of the cancer trajectories. The quantitative framework provided by tuMap allows generation of metrics for cancer patients evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayelet Alpert
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525422, Israel
| | - Ornit Nahman
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525422, Israel
| | - Elina Starosvetsky
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525422, Israel
| | - Michal Hayun
- Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel
| | - Tyler J Curiel
- Department of Medicine/Hematology & Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, the University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Yishai Ofran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525422, Israel; Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa 3109601, Israel; Department of Hematology, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9103102, Israel.
| | - Shai S Shen-Orr
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525422, Israel.
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9
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Heyes E, Schmidt L, Manhart G, Eder T, Proietti L, Grebien F. Identification of gene targets of mutant C/EBPα reveals a critical role for MSI2 in CEBPA-mutated AML. Leukemia 2021; 35:2526-2538. [PMID: 33623142 PMCID: PMC7611617 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01169-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (C/EBPα) occur in 10-15% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Frameshifts in the CEBPA N-terminus resulting in exclusive expression of a truncated p30 isoform represent the most prevalent type of CEBPA mutations in AML. C/EBPα p30 interacts with the epigenetic machinery, but it is incompletely understood how p30-induced changes cause leukemogenesis. We hypothesized that critical effector genes in CEBPA-mutated AML are dependent on p30-mediated dysregulation of the epigenome. We mapped p30-associated regulatory elements (REs) by ATAC-seq and ChIP-seq in a myeloid progenitor cell model for p30-driven AML that enables inducible RNAi-mediated knockdown of p30. Concomitant p30-dependent changes in gene expression were measured by RNA-seq. Integrative analysis identified 117 p30-dependent REs associated with 33 strongly down-regulated genes upon p30-knockdown. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutational disruption of these genes revealed the RNA-binding protein MSI2 as a critical p30-target. MSI2 knockout in p30-driven murine AML cells and in the CEBPA-mutated human AML cell line KO-52 caused proliferation arrest and terminal myeloid differentiation, and delayed leukemia onset in vivo. In summary, this work presents a comprehensive dataset of p30-dependent effects on epigenetic regulation and gene expression and identifies MSI2 as an effector of the C/EBPα p30 oncoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Heyes
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luisa Schmidt
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Manhart
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Eder
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ludovica Proietti
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Grebien
- University of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Medical Biochemistry, Vienna, Austria.
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10
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Prognostic role and biologic features of Musashi-2 expression in colon polyps and during colorectal cancer progression. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252132. [PMID: 34237057 PMCID: PMC8266110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The RNA-binding protein Musashi-2 (MSI2) controls the translation of proteins that support stem cell identity and lineage determination and is associated with progression in some cancers. We assessed MSI2 as potential clinical biomarker in colorectal cancer (CRC) and tubulovillous adenoma (TA) of colon mucosa. Methods We assessed 125 patients, of whom 20 had polyps of the colon (TAs), and 105 had CRC. Among 105 patients with CRC, 45 had stages I-III; among metastatic CRC (mCRC) patients, 31 had synchronous and 29 metachronous liver metastases. We used immunohistochemistry to measure MSI2 expression in matching specimens of normal tissue versus TAs, primary CRC tumors, and metastases, correlating expression to clinical outcomes. We analyzed the biological effects of depleting MSI2 expression in human CRC cells. Results MSI2 expression was significantly elevated in polyps versus primary tissue, and further significantly elevated in primary tumors and metastases. MSI2 expression correlated with decreased progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), higher tumor grade, and right-side localization (p = 0.004) of tumors. In metastases, high MSI2 expression correlated with E-cadherin expression. Knockdown of MSI2 in CRC cells suppressed proliferation, survival and clonogenic capacity, and decreased expression of TGFβ1, E-cadherin, and ZO1. Conclusion Elevated expression of MSI2 is associated with pre-cancerous TAs in the colonic mucosa, suggesting it is an early event in transformation. MSI2 expression is further elevated during CRC progression, and associated with poor prognosis. Depletion of MSI2 reduces CRC cell growth. These data imply a causative role of MSI2 overexpression at multiple stages of CRC formation and progression.
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11
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Topchu I, Karnaukhov N, Mazitova A, Yugai V, Voloshin M, Tikhomirova M, Kit O, Frantsiyants E, Kharin L, Airapetova T, Ratner E, Sabirov A, Abramova Z, Serebriiskii I, Boumber Y, Deneka A. Musashi 2 (MSI2) expression as an independent prognostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:1370-1379. [PMID: 33841930 PMCID: PMC8024834 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-20-2787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Musashi-2 (MSI2) is a member of RNA-binding protein family that regulates mRNA translation of numerous intracellular targets and influences maintenance of stem cell identity. This study assessed MSI2 as a potential clinical biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods The current study included 40 patients with NSCLC, of whom one presented with stage 1, 14 presented with stage II, 15 presented with stage III, and 10 patients had stage IV. All patients received standard of care treatments. All patient samples were obtained before treatment started. We used immunohistochemical (IHC) approach to measure MSI2 protein expression in matching specimens of normal lung versus tumor tissues, and primary versus metastatic tumors, followed by correlative analysis in relation to clinical outcomes. In parallel, clinical correlative analysis of MSI2 mRNA expression was performed in silico using publicly available datasets (TCGA/ICGC and KM plots). Results MSI2 protein expression in patient samples was significantly elevated in NSCLC primary tumors versus normal lung tissue (P=0.03). MSI2 elevated expression positively correlated with a decreased progression free survival (PFS) (P=0.026) combined for all stages and with overall survival (OS) at stage IV (P=0.013). Elevated MSI2 expression on RNA level was confirmed in primary tumor versus normal tissue samples in TCGA dataset (P<0.0001), and positively correlated with decreased OS (P=0.02). No correlation was observed between MSI2 expression and age, sex, smoking, and treatment type. Conclusions Elevated MSI2 expression in primary NSCLC tumors is associated with poor prognosis and can be used as a novel potential prognostic biomarker in NSCLC patients. Future studies in an extended patient cohort are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia Topchu
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolai Karnaukhov
- National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Russian Federation
| | - Alexandra Mazitova
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | | | - Mark Voloshin
- National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Russian Federation
| | | | - Oleg Kit
- National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Frantsiyants
- National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Russian Federation
| | - Leonid Kharin
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Russian Federation
| | - Tamara Airapetova
- National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Ratner
- Tatarstan Regional Clinical Cancer Center, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Sabirov
- Tatarstan Regional Clinical Cancer Center, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | | | - Iliya Serebriiskii
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Yanis Boumber
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation.,Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexander Deneka
- Molecular Therapeutics Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russian Federation
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12
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Bitaraf A, Razmara E, Bakhshinejad B, Yousefi H, Vatanmakanian M, Garshasbi M, Cho WC, Babashah S. The oncogenic and tumor suppressive roles of RNA-binding proteins in human cancers. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6200-6224. [PMID: 33559213 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Posttranscriptional regulation is a mechanism for the cells to control gene regulation at the RNA level. In this process, RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play central roles and orchestrate the function of RNA molecules in multiple steps. Accumulating evidence has shown that the aberrant regulation of RBPs makes contributions to the initiation and progression of tumorigenesis via numerous mechanisms such as genetic changes, epigenetic alterations, and noncoding RNA-mediated regulations. In this article, we review the effects caused by RBPs and their functional diversity in the malignant transformation of cancer cells that occurs through the involvement of these proteins in various stages of RNA regulation including alternative splicing, stability, polyadenylation, localization, and translation. Besides this, we review the various interactions between RBPs and other crucial posttranscriptional regulators such as microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs in the pathogenesis of cancer. Finally, we discuss the potential approaches for targeting RBPs in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Bitaraf
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Razmara
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Bakhshinejad
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Mousa Vatanmakanian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Masoud Garshasbi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - William C Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Sadegh Babashah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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13
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RNA-Binding Proteins in Acute Leukemias. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103409. [PMID: 32408494 PMCID: PMC7279408 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute leukemias are genetic diseases caused by translocations or mutations, which dysregulate hematopoiesis towards malignant transformation. However, the molecular mode of action is highly versatile and ranges from direct transcriptional to post-transcriptional control, which includes RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) as crucial regulators of cell fate. RBPs coordinate RNA dynamics, including subcellular localization, translational efficiency and metabolism, by binding to their target messenger RNAs (mRNAs), thereby controlling the expression of the encoded proteins. In view of the growing interest in these regulators, this review summarizes recent research regarding the most influential RBPs relevant in acute leukemias in particular. The reported RBPs, either dysregulated or as components of fusion proteins, are described with respect to their functional domains, the pathways they affect, and clinical aspects associated with their dysregulation or altered functions.
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14
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Prieto C, Kharas MG. RNA Regulators in Leukemia and Lymphoma. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a034967. [PMID: 31615866 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a034967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Posttranscriptional regulation of mRNA is a powerful and tightly controlled process in which cells command the integrity, diversity, and abundance of their protein products. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are the principal players that control many intermediary steps of posttranscriptional regulation. Recent advances in this field have discovered the importance of RBPs in hematological diseases. Herein we will review a number of RBPs that have been determined to play critical functions in leukemia and lymphoma. Furthermore, we will discuss the potential therapeutic strategies that are currently being studied to specifically target RBPs in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Prieto
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Michael G Kharas
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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15
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Lan L, Xing M, Kashipathy M, Douglas J, Gao P, Battaile K, Hanzlik R, Lovell S, Xu L. Crystal and solution structures of human oncoprotein Musashi-2 N-terminal RNA recognition motif 1. Proteins 2019; 88:573-583. [PMID: 31603583 PMCID: PMC7079100 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Musashi‐2 (MSI2) belongs to Musashi family of RNA binding proteins (RBP). Like Musashi‐1 (MSI1), it is overexpressed in a variety of cancers and is a promising therapeutic target. Both MSI proteins contain two N‐terminal RNA recognition motifs and play roles in posttranscriptional regulation of target mRNAs. Previously, we have identified several inhibitors of MSI1, all of which bind to MSI2 as well. In order to design MSI2‐specific inhibitors and compare the differences of binding mode of the inhibitors, we set out to solve the structure of MSI2‐RRM1, the key motif that is responsible for the binding. Here, we report the crystal structure and the first NMR solution structure of MSI2‐RRM1, and compare these to the structures of MSI1‐RBD1 and other RBPs. A high degree of structural similarity was observed between the crystal and solution NMR structures. MSI2‐RRM1 shows a highly similar overall folding topology to MSI1‐RBD1 and other RBPs. The structural information of MSI2‐RRM1 will be helpful for understanding MSI2‐RNA interaction and for guiding rational drug design of MSI2‐specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Minli Xing
- Bio-NMR Core Facility, NIH COBRE in Protein Structure and Function, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Maithri Kashipathy
- Protein Structure Laboratory, NIH COBRE in Protein Structure and Function, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Justin Douglas
- Bio-NMR Core Facility, NIH COBRE in Protein Structure and Function, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Philip Gao
- Protein Production Group, NIH COBRE in Protein Structure and Function, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Kevin Battaile
- IMCA-CAT, Hauptman Woodward Medical Research Institute, Argonne, Illinois
| | - Robert Hanzlik
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Scott Lovell
- Protein Structure Laboratory, NIH COBRE in Protein Structure and Function, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.,Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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16
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Small-molecule targeting of MUSASHI RNA-binding activity in acute myeloid leukemia. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2691. [PMID: 31217428 PMCID: PMC6584500 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The MUSASHI (MSI) family of RNA binding proteins (MSI1 and MSI2) contribute to a wide spectrum of cancers including acute myeloid leukemia. We find that the small molecule Ro 08-2750 (Ro) binds directly and selectively to MSI2 and competes for its RNA binding in biochemical assays. Ro treatment in mouse and human myeloid leukemia cells results in an increase in differentiation and apoptosis, inhibition of known MSI-targets, and a shared global gene expression signature similar to shRNA depletion of MSI2. Ro demonstrates in vivo inhibition of c-MYC and reduces disease burden in a murine AML leukemia model. Thus, we identify a small molecule that targets MSI's oncogenic activity. Our study provides a framework for targeting RNA binding proteins in cancer.
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17
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Yang Z, Li J, Shi Y, Li L, Guo X. Increased musashi 2 expression indicates a poor prognosis and promotes malignant phenotypes in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 17:2599-2606. [PMID: 30854035 PMCID: PMC6365935 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.9889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Musashi 2 (MSI2), a marker of stem and progenitor cells, has been identified as an oncogene. Various investigations have revealed that MSI2 is differently expressed in several types of blood cancer and solid cancers. However, its expression and biological functions in gastric cancer (GC) remain unclear. In the present study, MSI2 mRNA and protein expression were assessed in GC tissue samples. The associations between MSI2 mRNA expression and the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with GC were analyzed, and the effect of MSI2 on the prognosis of patients with GC was verified. The biological functions of MSI2 in GC cells were assessed using gain-of-function assays in vitro. The results revealed that MSI2 was overexpressed in the majority of GC tissue samples, although this difference was not significant. MSI2 mRNA expression levels were associated with invasion depth, tumor-node-metastasis stage, degree of differentiation and tumor size (P<0.05), but were not associated with sex, age, tumor location or human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression. Increased MSI2 expression resulted in a poorer prognosis in patients with GC (χ2=4.221; P=0.040). In vitro assays revealed that MSI2 promoted MKN-28 cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and promoted tube formation in HUVECs. Although no significance of MSI2 expression was found, its oncogenic functions in the GC cell line indicated that MSI2 may be a potential oncogene that may serve as a biomarker for GC diagnosis and prognosis with verification from a larger sample and more GC cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziguo Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Yulong Shi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Leping Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobo Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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18
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Lan L, Liu H, Smith AR, Appelman C, Yu J, Larsen S, Marquez RT, Wu X, Liu FY, Gao P, Gowthaman R, Karanicolas J, De Guzman RN, Rogers S, Aubé J, Neufeld KL, Xu L. Natural product derivative Gossypolone inhibits Musashi family of RNA-binding proteins. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:809. [PMID: 30097032 PMCID: PMC6086024 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4704-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Musashi (MSI) family of RNA-binding proteins is best known for the role in post-transcriptional regulation of target mRNAs. Elevated MSI1 levels in a variety of human cancer are associated with up-regulation of Notch/Wnt signaling. MSI1 binds to and negatively regulates translation of Numb and APC (adenomatous polyposis coli), negative regulators of Notch and Wnt signaling respectively. METHODS Previously, we have shown that the natural product (-)-gossypol as the first known small molecule inhibitor of MSI1 that down-regulates Notch/Wnt signaling and inhibits tumor xenograft growth in vivo. Using a fluorescence polarization (FP) competition assay, we identified gossypolone (Gn) with a > 20-fold increase in Ki value compared to (-)-gossypol. We validated Gn binding to MSI1 using surface plasmon resonance, nuclear magnetic resonance, and cellular thermal shift assay, and tested the effects of Gn on colon cancer cells and colon cancer DLD-1 xenografts in nude mice. RESULTS In colon cancer cells, Gn reduced Notch/Wnt signaling and induced apoptosis. Compared to (-)-gossypol, the same concentration of Gn is less active in all the cell assays tested. To increase Gn bioavailability, we used PEGylated liposomes in our in vivo studies. Gn-lip via tail vein injection inhibited the growth of human colon cancer DLD-1 xenografts in nude mice, as compared to the untreated control (P < 0.01, n = 10). CONCLUSION Our data suggest that PEGylation improved the bioavailability of Gn as well as achieved tumor-targeted delivery and controlled release of Gn, which enhanced its overall biocompatibility and drug efficacy in vivo. This provides proof of concept for the development of Gn-lip as a molecular therapy for colon cancer with MSI1/MSI2 overexpression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Lan
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
| | - Hao Liu
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
- Current address: School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou City, China
| | - Amber R Smith
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
| | - Carl Appelman
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
| | - Jia Yu
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sarah Larsen
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
| | - Rebecca T Marquez
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
| | - Frank Y Liu
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
| | - Philip Gao
- Protein Production Group, NIH COBRE in Protein Structure and Function, Lawrence, USA
| | - Ragul Gowthaman
- Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - John Karanicolas
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roberto N De Guzman
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
| | - Steven Rogers
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristi L Neufeld
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA
| | - Liang Xu
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 4002 Haworth Hall, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS, 66045-7534, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
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19
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Human oncoprotein Musashi-2 N-terminal RNA recognition motif backbone assignment and identification of RNA-binding pocket. Oncotarget 2017; 8:106587-106597. [PMID: 29290973 PMCID: PMC5739758 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding protein Musashi-2 (MSI2) is a key regulator in stem cells, it is over-expressed in a variety of cancers and its higher expression is associated with poor prognosis. Like Musashi-1, it contains two N-terminal RRMs (RNA-recognition Motifs, also called RBDs (RNA-binding Domains)), RRM1 and RRM2, which mediate the binding to their target mRNAs. Previous studies have obtained the three-dimensional structures of the RBDs of Musashi-1 and the RBD1:RNA complex. Here we show the binding of MSI2-RRM1 to a 15nt Numb RNA in Fluorescence Polarization assay and time resolved Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer assay. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy we assigned the backbone resonances of MSI2-RRM1, and characterized the direct interaction of RRM1 to Numb RNA r(GUAGU). Our NMR titration and structure modeling studies showed that MSI2-RRM1 and MSI1-RBD1 have similar RNA binding events and binding pockets. This work adds significant information to MSI2-RRM1 structure and RNA binding pocket, and contributes to the development of MSI2 specific and MSI1/MSI2 dual inhibitors.
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20
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Sutherland JM, Sobinoff AP, Fraser BA, Redgrove KA, Siddall NA, Koopman P, Hime GR, McLaughlin EA. RNA binding protein Musashi‐2 regulates PIWIL1 and TBX1 in mouse spermatogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3262-3273. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessie M. Sutherland
- School of Biomedical Science & PharmacyUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanAustralia
- Priority Research Centre in Reproductive ScienceUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanAustralia
| | - Alexander P. Sobinoff
- Priority Research Centre in Reproductive ScienceUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanAustralia
- Telomere Length Regulation GroupChildren's Medical Research Institute, University of SydneyWestmeadAustralia
| | - Barbara A. Fraser
- Priority Research Centre in Reproductive ScienceUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanAustralia
| | - Kate A. Redgrove
- Priority Research Centre in Reproductive ScienceUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanAustralia
| | | | - Peter Koopman
- Institute for Molecular BioscienceUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Gary R. Hime
- Anatomy and NeuroscienceUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleAustralia
| | - Eileen A. McLaughlin
- Priority Research Centre in Reproductive ScienceUniversity of NewcastleCallaghanAustralia
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand
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21
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Kharas MG, Lengner CJ. Stem Cells, Cancer, and MUSASHI in Blood and Guts. Trends Cancer 2017; 3:347-356. [PMID: 28718412 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian MSI family of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have important roles as oncoproteins in an array of tumor types, including leukemias, glioblastomas, and pancreatic, breast, lung, and colorectal cancers. The mammalian Msi genes, Msi1 and Msi2, have been most thoroughly investigated in two highly proliferative tissues prone to oncogenic transformation: the hematopoietic lineage and the intestinal epithelium. Despite their vast phenotypic differences, MSI proteins appear to have an analogous role in governing the stem cell compartment in both of these tissues, potentially providing a paradigm for a broader understanding of MSI function and oncogenic activities. In this review, we focus on the function of MSI in the blood and the intestine, and discuss therapeutic strategies for targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Kharas
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Christopher J Lengner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19146, USA.
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22
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Sheng W, Dong M, Chen C, Li Y, Liu Q, Dong Q. Musashi2 promotes the development and progression of pancreatic cancer by down-regulating Numb protein. Oncotarget 2017; 8:14359-14373. [PMID: 27092875 PMCID: PMC5362411 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Musashi2-Numb interaction plays a vital role in the progression of myeloid leukemia. However, its potential role in solid cancers has rarely been reported. We investigated the coordinate function of Musashi2-Numb in the development of pancreatic cancer (PC) in vitro and vivo. Both Musashi2 protein and mRNA levels were higher in PC tissues than that in paired normal pancreas (P<0.05). Musashi2 overexpression and Numb positive expression were positively and negatively associated with tumor size and UICC stage, respectively (P<0.05). Multivariate analysis identified Musashi2 and Numb as adverse and favorable independent indicators for the survival of PC patients. Moreover, patients with high Musashi2 expression combining with negative Numb expression had a significantly worse overall survival (P=0.001). The negative relationship between Musashi2 and Numb was found at both PC tissue and cell levels. These two endogenous proteins can be co-immunoprecipitated from PC cell lines, and Musashi2 silence up-regulated Numb protein in vitro and vivo. Meanwhile, its silence decreased cell invasion and migration in vitro and inhibited the growth of subcutaneous tumors and the frequency of liver metastasis in vivo. However, Numb knockdown significantly reversed the decrease of cell invasion and migration induced by Musashi2 silence. Musashi2 promotes the development and progression of pancreatic cancer by down-regulating Numb protein. The interaction of Musashi2-Numb plays a significant role in the development and progression of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Ming Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Chuanping Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Peoples’ Hospital of Shenyang City, 110003, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cell Biology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Qingfeng Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Peoples’ Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110015, China
| | - Qi Dong
- Department of General Surgery, The Peoples’ Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, 110015, China
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23
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Kudinov AE, Karanicolas J, Golemis EA, Boumber Y. Musashi RNA-Binding Proteins as Cancer Drivers and Novel Therapeutic Targets. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:2143-2153. [PMID: 28143872 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant gene expression that drives human cancer can arise from epigenetic dysregulation. Although much attention has focused on altered activity of transcription factors and chromatin-modulating proteins, proteins that act posttranscriptionally can potently affect expression of oncogenic signaling proteins. The RNA-binding proteins (RBP) Musashi-1 (MSI1) and Musashi-2 (MSI2) are emerging as regulators of multiple critical biological processes relevant to cancer initiation, progression, and drug resistance. Following identification of Musashi as a regulator of progenitor cell identity in Drosophila, the human Musashi proteins were initially linked to control of maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells, then stem cell compartments for additional cell types. More recently, the Musashi proteins were found to be overexpressed and prognostic of outcome in numerous cancer types, including colorectal, lung, and pancreatic cancers; glioblastoma; and several leukemias. MSI1 and MSI2 bind and regulate the mRNA stability and translation of proteins operating in essential oncogenic signaling pathways, including NUMB/Notch, PTEN/mTOR, TGFβ/SMAD3, MYC, cMET, and others. On the basis of these activities, MSI proteins maintain cancer stem cell populations and regulate cancer invasion, metastasis, and development of more aggressive cancer phenotypes, including drug resistance. Although RBPs are viewed as difficult therapeutic targets, initial efforts to develop MSI-specific inhibitors are promising, and RNA interference-based approaches to inhibiting these proteins have had promising outcomes in preclinical studies. In the interim, understanding the function of these translational regulators may yield insight into the relationship between mRNA expression and protein expression in tumors, guiding tumor-profiling analysis. This review provides a current overview of Musashi as a cancer driver and novel therapeutic target. Clin Cancer Res; 23(9); 2143-53. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Kudinov
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - John Karanicolas
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Erica A Golemis
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yanis Boumber
- Program in Molecular Therapeutics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. .,Department of Hematology/Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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24
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Choi YM, Kim KB, Lee JH, Chun YK, An IS, An S, Bae S. DBC2/RhoBTB2 functions as a tumor suppressor protein via Musashi-2 ubiquitination in breast cancer. Oncogene 2016; 36:2802-2812. [PMID: 27941885 PMCID: PMC5442418 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding ‘deleted in breast cancer 2' (DBC2), also referred to as RHOBTB2 (Rho-related BTB domain-containing protein 2), is classified as a tumor suppressor gene. DBC2 is a substrate-specific adaptor protein for a novel class of Cullin-3 (CUL3)-based E3 ubiquitin ligases; however, it is unclear if the substrate adaptor function of DBC2 is required for its tumor suppressor activity. Furthermore, the key substrates of DBC2-mediated ubiquitination have yet to be identified. In the present study, we established a genome-wide human cDNA library-based in vitro ubiquitination target screening assay and identified Musashi-2 (MSI2) as a novel ubiquitination target protein of DBC2. MSI2 directly interacted with DBC2, and this interaction promoted MSI2 polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation in breast cancer cells. Overexpression and knockdown experiments demonstrated that DBC2 suppressed MSI2-associated oncogenic functions and induced apoptosis. Immunohistochemistry analysis of a breast cancer tissue microarray revealed that DBC2 and MSI2 protein levels are inversely correlated in both normal breast tissues and breast cancer tissues. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that DBC2 suppresses tumorigenesis in breast cancer by ubiquitinating MSI2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y M Choi
- KU Center for Integrated Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.,Korea Institute of Dermatological Sciences, 2nd Enterprise Research Building, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - K B Kim
- Korea Institute of Dermatological Sciences, 2nd Enterprise Research Building, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y K Chun
- Department of Pathology, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Dankook University, College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - I S An
- Korea Institute of Dermatological Sciences, 2nd Enterprise Research Building, Chungcheongbuk-do, South Korea
| | - S An
- KU Center for Integrated Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S Bae
- KU Center for Integrated Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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25
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Yang C, Zhang W, Wang L, Kazobinka G, Han X, Li B, Hou T. Musashi-2 promotes migration and invasion in bladder cancer via activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. J Transl Med 2016; 96:950-8. [PMID: 27322953 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Musashi-2 (Msi2) is considered to have a crucial role in regulating various key cellular functions. However, the clinical significance and biological role of Msi2 in bladder cancer remains unknown. We examined the expression of Msi2 in bladder cancer cell lines in 167 clinical samples and the biological role of Msi2 in bladder cancer cells. Western blotting was used to investigate the possible mechanism of Msi2-induced migration and invasion in bladder cancer. Msi2 was significantly upregulated in bladder cancer cells and tissues compared with normal bladder urothelial cells and tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed high expression of Msi2 in 57 of 167 (34.1%) bladder cancer specimens. Statistical analysis showed a significant correlation of Msi2 expression with advanced clinical stage, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis. Overexpression and ablation of Msi2 promoted and inhibited, respectively, the migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells. Furthermore, we found that Msi2 activated the JAK2/STAT3 pathway and promoted expression of genes downstream of JAK2/STAT3 in bladder cancer. This study demonstrates that Msi2 can induce bladder cancer cell migration and invasion by activating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, and that Msi2 may be a valuable prognostic biomarker for bladder cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenlu Yang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weijing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Longwang Wang
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Gallina Kazobinka
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaomin Han
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Teng Hou
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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26
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Fujiwara T, Zhou J, Ye S, Zhao H. RNA-binding protein Musashi2 induced by RANKL is critical for osteoclast survival. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2300. [PMID: 27441652 PMCID: PMC4973353 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The Musashi family of RNA-binding proteins, Musashi1 and Musashi2, regulate self-renewal and differentiation of neuronal and hematopoietic stem cells by modulating protein translation. It has been recently reported that Musashi2, not Musashi1, regulates hematopoietic stem cells. Although osteoclasts are derived from hematopoietic cells, the expression and functions of Musashi proteins in osteoclast lineage cells remain unknown. In this study, we have uncovered that Musashi2 is the predominant isoform of Musashi proteins in osteoclast precursors and its expression is upregulated by receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) during osteoclast differentiation. Knocking down the expression of Musashi2 in osteoclast lineage cells by shRNAs attenuates nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) expression and osteoclast formation in vitro. Mechanistically, loss of Musashi2 inhibits Notch signaling during osteoclast differentiation and induces apoptosis in pre-osteoclasts. In contrast, depletion of Musashi2 has no effects on cell cycle progression and p21WAF-1 protein expression in macrophages. Furthermore, depletion of Notch2 and its downstream target Hes1 in osteoclast precursors by shRNAs abrogates osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting NFATc1. Finally, absence of Musashi2 in osteoclast precursors promotes apoptosis and inhibits RANKL-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, which is essential for osteoclast survival, Thus, Musashi2 is required for cell survival and optimal osteoclastogenesis by affecting Notch signaling and NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Fujiwara
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - J Zhou
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - S Ye
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - H Zhao
- Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
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27
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García-Alegría E, Lafita-Navarro MC, Aguado R, García-Gutiérrez L, Sarnataro K, Ruiz-Herguido C, Martín F, Bigas A, Canelles M, León J. NUMB inactivation confers resistance to imatinib in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Cancer Lett 2016; 375:92-99. [PMID: 26944313 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) progresses from a chronic to a blastic phase, where the leukemic cells are proliferative and undifferentiated. The CML is nowadays successfully treated with BCR-ABL kinase inhibitors as imatinib and its derivatives. NUMB is an evolutionary well-conserved protein initially described as a functional antagonist of NOTCH function. NUMB is an endocytic protein associated with receptor internalization, involved in multiple cellular functions. It has been reported that MSI2 protein, a NUMB inhibitor, is upregulated in CML blast crisis, whereas NUMB itself is downregulated. This suggest that NUMB plays a role in the malignant progression of CML. Here we have generated K562 cells (derived from CML in blast crisis) constitutively expressing a dominant negative form of NUMB (dnNUMB). We show that dnNUMB expression confers a high proliferative phenotype to the cells. Importantly, dnNUMB triggers a partial resistance to imatinib in these cells, antagonizing the apoptosis mediated by the drug. Interestingly, imatinib resistance is not linked to p53 status or NOTCH signaling, as K562 lack p53 and imatinib resistance is reproduced in the presence of NOTCH inhibitors. Taken together, our data support the hypothesis that NUMB activation could be a new therapeutic target in CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva García-Alegría
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria and Dpto. de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - M Carmen Lafita-Navarro
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria and Dpto. de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Rocío Aguado
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina, CSIC, P. T. Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain
| | - Lucia García-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria and Dpto. de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Kyle Sarnataro
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria and Dpto. de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | | | | | - Anna Bigas
- Stem Cells and Cancer Group. IMIM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matilde Canelles
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina, CSIC, P. T. Ciencias de la Salud, Granada, Spain.
| | - Javier León
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria and Dpto. de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain.
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28
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Yang YG, Sari IN, Zia MF, Lee SR, Song SJ, Kwon HY. Tetraspanins: Spanning from solid tumors to hematologic malignancies. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:322-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Sutherland JM, Siddall NA, Hime GR, McLaughlin EA. RNA binding proteins in spermatogenesis: an in depth focus on the Musashi family. Asian J Androl 2016; 17:529-36. [PMID: 25851660 PMCID: PMC4492041 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.151397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Controlled gene regulation during gamete development is vital for maintaining reproductive potential. During the complex process of mammalian spermatogenesis, male germ cells experience extended periods of the inactive transcription despite heavy translational requirements for continued growth and differentiation. Hence, spermatogenesis is highly reliant on mechanisms of posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, facilitated by RNA binding proteins (RBPs), which remain abundantly expressed throughout this process. One such group of proteins is the Musashi family, previously identified as critical regulators of testis germ cell development and meiosis in Drosophila, and also shown to be vital to sperm development and reproductive potential in the mouse. This review describes the role and function of RBPs within the scope of male germ cell development, focusing on our recent knowledge of the Musashi proteins in spermatogenesis. The functional mechanisms utilized by RBPs within the cell are outlined in depth, and the significance of sub-cellular localization and stage-specific expression in relation to the mode and impact of posttranscriptional regulation is also highlighted. We emphasize the historical role of the Musashi family of RBPs in stem cell function and cell fate determination, as originally characterized in Drosophila and Xenopus, and conclude with our current understanding of the differential roles and functions of the mammalian Musashi proteins, Musashi-1 and Musashi-2, with a primary focus on our findings in spermatogenesis. This review highlights both the essential contribution of RBPs to posttranscriptional regulation and the importance of the Musashi family as master regulators of male gamete development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Eileen A McLaughlin
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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30
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Taggart J, Ho TC, Amin E, Xu H, Barlowe TS, Perez AR, Durham BH, Tivnan P, Okabe R, Chow A, Vu L, Park SM, Prieto C, Famulare C, Patel M, Lengner CJ, Verma A, Roboz G, Guzman M, Klimek VM, Abdel-Wahab O, Leslie C, Nimer SD, Kharas MG. MSI2 is required for maintaining activated myelodysplastic syndrome stem cells. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10739. [PMID: 26898884 PMCID: PMC4764878 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are driven by complex genetic and epigenetic alterations. The MSI2 RNA-binding protein has been demonstrated to have a role in acute myeloid leukaemia and stem cell function, but its role in MDS is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that elevated MSI2 expression correlates with poor survival in MDS. Conditional deletion of Msi2 in a mouse model of MDS results in a rapid loss of MDS haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and reverses the clinical features of MDS. Inversely, inducible overexpression of MSI2 drives myeloid disease progression. The MDS HSPCs remain dependent on MSI2 expression after disease initiation. Furthermore, MSI2 expression expands and maintains a more activated (G1) MDS HSPC. Gene expression profiling of HSPCs from the MSI2 MDS mice identifies a signature that correlates with poor survival in MDS patients. Overall, we identify a role for MSI2 in MDS representing a therapeutic target in this disease. Several studies have recently demonstrated the role of the MSI2 RNA binding protein in normal and malignant haematopoietc stem cells. In this study, the authors show that MSI2 is required for maintaining myelodysplastic syndrome stem cells in mice and that MSI2 expression predicts poor prognosis in patients affected by this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Taggart
- Molecular Pharmacology and Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Tzu-Chieh Ho
- Molecular Pharmacology and Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Elianna Amin
- Molecular Pharmacology and Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Haiming Xu
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Cancer Biology Program, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Trevor S Barlowe
- Molecular Pharmacology and Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Alexendar R Perez
- Computational Biology Program Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Benjamin H Durham
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Patrick Tivnan
- Molecular Pharmacology and Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Rachel Okabe
- Molecular Pharmacology and Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Arthur Chow
- Molecular Pharmacology and Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Ly Vu
- Molecular Pharmacology and Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Sun Mi Park
- Molecular Pharmacology and Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Camila Prieto
- Molecular Pharmacology and Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Christopher Famulare
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Leukemia Service, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Minal Patel
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Leukemia Service, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Christopher J Lengner
- Department of Animal Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Amit Verma
- Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 10461, USA
| | - Gail Roboz
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Monica Guzman
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Virginia M Klimek
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Leukemia Service, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Omar Abdel-Wahab
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Christina Leslie
- Computational Biology Program Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Stephen D Nimer
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, USA
| | - Michael G Kharas
- Molecular Pharmacology and Center for Cell Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Therapeutics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
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31
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Heidel FH, Arreba-Tutusaus P, Armstrong SA, Fischer T. Evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways: acting in the shadows of acute myelogenous leukemia's genetic diversity. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 21:240-8. [PMID: 25593343 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-1436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia stem cells (AML-LSC) give rise to the leukemic bulk population and maintain disease. Relapse can arise from residual LSCs that have distinct sensitivity and dependencies when compared with the AML bulk. AML-LSCs are driven by genetic and epigenomic changes, and these alterations influence prognosis and clonal selection. Therapies targeting these molecular aberrations have been developed and show promising responses in advanced clinical trials; however, so far success with LSCs has been limited. Besides the genetic diversity, AML-LSCs are critically influenced by the microenvironment, and a third crucial aspect has recently come to the fore: A group of evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways such as canonical Wnt signaling, Notch signaling, or the Hedgehog pathway can be essential for maintenance of AML-LSC but may be redundant for normal hematopoietic stem cells. In addition, early reports suggest also regulators of cell polarity may also influence hematopoietic stem cells and AML biology. Interactions between these pathways have been investigated recently and suggest a network of signaling pathways involved in regulation of self-renewal and response to oncogenic stress. Here, we review how recent discoveries on regulation of AML-LSC-relevant evolutionarily conserved pathways may open opportunities for novel treatment approaches eradicating residual disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian H Heidel
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Internal Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Patricia Arreba-Tutusaus
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Internal Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Scott A Armstrong
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Institute, New York, New York
| | - Thomas Fischer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Center for Internal Medicine, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
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32
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Han Y, Ye A, Zhang Y, Cai Z, Wang W, Sun L, Jiang S, Wu J, Yu K, Zhang S. Musashi-2 Silencing Exerts Potent Activity against Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Enhances Chemosensitivity to Daunorubicin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136484. [PMID: 26308531 PMCID: PMC4550418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding protein Musashi-2 (Msi2) is known to play a critical role in leukemogenesis and contributes to poor clinical prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the effect of Msi2 silencing on treatment for AML still remains poorly understood. In this study, we used lentivirus-mediated RNA interference targeting Msi2 to investigate the resulting changes in cellular processes and the underlying mechanisms in AML cell lines as well as primary AML cells isolated from AML patients. We found that Msi2 was highly expressed in AML cells, and its depletion inhibited Ki-67 expression and resulted in decreased in vitro and in vivo proliferation. Msi2 silencing induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase, with decreased Cyclin D1 and increased p21 expression. Msi2 silencing induced apoptosis through down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression and up-regulation of Bax expression. Suppression of Akt, Erk1/2 and p38 phosphorylation also contributed to apoptosis mediated by Msi2 silencing. Finally, Msi2 silencing in AML cells also enhanced their chemosensitivity to daunorubicin. Conclusively, our data suggest that Msi2 is a promising target for gene therapy to optimize conventional chemotherapeutics in AML treatment.
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MESH Headings
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Daunorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Gene Silencing
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA-Binding Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiang Han
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, China
| | - Aifang Ye
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhimin Cai
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - Lan Sun
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - Songfu Jiang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325015, China
| | - Kang Yu
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
| | - Shenghui Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325015, China
- * E-mail:
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He H, Liu ZQ, Li X, Yin JY, Zhai M, Zhou HH. The influence of cytidine deaminase -33delC polymorphism on treatment outcome with high-dose cytarabine in Chinese patients with relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia. J Clin Pharm Ther 2015; 40:555-560. [PMID: 26174689 DOI: 10.1111/jcpt.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE Identification of biomarkers that could predict high-dose cytarabine (Ara-C) efficacy and toxicity is a key issue in individualized therapy. The aim of our study was to evaluate the influence of cytidine deaminase (CDA) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) -451G>A (rs532545), 435C>T (rs1048977) and -33delC (rs3215400) on treatment outcome in patients with relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) after high-dose Ara-C chemotherapy. METHODS In total, 173 patients with relapsed AML, treated with high-dose Ara-C chemotherapy, were genotyped for three polymorphisms in CDA gene using the allele-specific matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry assays. Binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the influence of selected polymorphisms on tumour response and occurrence of treatment-related toxicity. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The CC genotype at -33delC, a promoter polymorphism, increased the odds of overall response rate (odds ratio [OR] = 5·125; 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 2·446-10·74; P = 0·0008) and grade ≥3 infection toxicity incidence rate (OR = 3·572; 95% CI = 1·68-7·594; P = 0·003). In multivariable analysis, this polymorphism was a potential independent prognostic marker for the risk of overall response (P = 0·011), but not grade ≥3 infection toxicity incidence rate (P = 0·49). Two other polymorphisms, -451G>A and 435C>T, did not influence treatment outcome, including overall response rate, infection toxicity and nausea/vomiting, in patients with relapsed AML (P > 0·05). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION The findings suggest that CDA -33delC variant might be a potential marker for predicting treatment outcome in Chinese patients with relapsed AML given high-dose cytarabine chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H He
- Research laboratory, Liaoning province Benxi Central Hospital, Liaoning Benxi, China.,Department of Hematology, Liaoning Province Benxi Central Hospital, Liaoning Benxi, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Z Q Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - X Li
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - J Y Yin
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - M Zhai
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - H H Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, China
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34
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Lu S, Mu Q, Yu M, Yin X, Chen J, Jin J. Overexpression of musashi2 is possibly associated with chemoresistance in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2015; 57:467-469. [PMID: 26148874 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2015.1055478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Lu
- a Department of Hematology , the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China.,b Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Qitian Mu
- a Department of Hematology , the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China.,b Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China.,c Department of Hematology , Ningbo First Hospital , Ningbo , Zhejiang , China
| | - Mengxia Yu
- a Department of Hematology , the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China.,b Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Xiufeng Yin
- a Department of Hematology , the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China.,b Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Jian Chen
- a Department of Hematology , the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China.,b Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
| | - Jie Jin
- a Department of Hematology , the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China.,b Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University College of Medicine , Hangzhou , Zhejiang , China
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35
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Sima J, Zhang B, Yu Y, Sima X, Mao Y. Overexpression of Numb suppresses growth, migration, and invasion of human clear cell renal cell carcinoma cells. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:2885-92. [PMID: 25480416 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2918-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of Numb on cell growth, cell migration, and invasion in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Endogenous expression of Numb was evaluated in the ccRCC cell lines (786-O, Caki-1, and Caki-2) and control reference human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Numb expression was decreased in the ccRCC cells compared with the control cells (P < 0.01). Then, 786-O and Caki-1 cells described as suitable transfection hosts were used in transfection to carry out biological function studies. The three experimental groups were as follows: Numb-ORF (transfected with Numb-ORF plasmid), blank-vector (transfected with pCMV6-entry), and cell-alone group (no DNA). Numb expression in the Numb-ORF groups was significantly higher than that in the controls (P < 0.01). Cell growth was remarkably reduced (P < 0.01), and the number of migrating or invading cells was reduced (P < 0.01) in the Numb-ORF groups compared with controls. Furthermore, the ratio of G0/G1 phase in the Numb-ORF group of 786-O cells was increased, and the S phase fraction and proliferation index was decreased (P < 0.01). Cyclin D1 and MMP-9 expression was reduced in the Numb-ORF groups compared with controls. Here, we have provided data for attenuated Numb expression in the ccRCC cells. Overexpression of Numb could induce G0/G1 phase arrest and inhibit cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. The suppressive effects might be due to downregulation of cyclin D1 or MMP-9 expression. Taken together, our data suggest that Numb may possibly function as a tumor suppressor involved in the carcinogenesis of ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Sima
- Department of Urology, Aerospace Central Hospital, No. 15 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
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36
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Park SM, Gönen M, Vu L, Minuesa G, Tivnan P, Barlowe TS, Taggart J, Lu Y, Deering RP, Hacohen N, Figueroa ME, Paietta E, Fernandez HF, Tallman MS, Melnick A, Levine R, Leslie C, Lengner CJ, Kharas MG. Musashi2 sustains the mixed-lineage leukemia-driven stem cell regulatory program. J Clin Invest 2015; 125:1286-98. [PMID: 25664853 DOI: 10.1172/jci78440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are found in most aggressive myeloid diseases and contribute to therapeutic resistance. Leukemia cells exhibit a dysregulated developmental program as the result of genetic and epigenetic alterations. Overexpression of the RNA-binding protein Musashi2 (MSI2) has been previously shown to predict poor survival in leukemia. Here, we demonstrated that conditional deletion of Msi2 in the hematopoietic compartment results in delayed leukemogenesis, reduced disease burden, and a loss of LSC function in a murine leukemia model. Gene expression profiling of these Msi2-deficient animals revealed a loss of the hematopoietic/leukemic stem cell self-renewal program and an increase in the differentiation program. In acute myeloid leukemia patients, the presence of a gene signature that was similar to that observed in Msi2-deficent murine LSCs correlated with improved survival. We determined that MSI2 directly maintains the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) self-renewal program by interacting with and retaining efficient translation of Hoxa9, Myc, and Ikzf2 mRNAs. Moreover, depletion of MLL target Ikzf2 in LSCs reduced colony formation, decreased proliferation, and increased apoptosis. Our data provide evidence that MSI2 controls efficient translation of the oncogenic LSC self-renewal program and suggest MSI2 as a potential therapeutic target for myeloid leukemia.
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37
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Association of ABCB1 polymorphisms with prognostic outcomes of anthracycline and cytarabine in Chinese patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 71:293-302. [PMID: 25567217 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-014-1795-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the influence of ABCB1 polymorphisms on prognostic outcomes in Chinese patients with de novo intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and to examine the gene expression level in relation to the genetic variation. METHODS In total, 263 Chinese intermediate-risk AML patients treated with anthracycline and cytarabine were enrolled. G2677T, C1236T, and C3435T of the ABCB1 gene were analyzed by the allele-specific matrix-assisted laser desorption. Expression of ABCB1 messenger RNA (mRNA) was tested in 101 patients of known genotype and haplotype for ABCB1 polymorphisms. Basic clinical characteristics of these patients were collected from medical records. RESULTS Survival analysis showed that patients with AML (TTT haplotype) had a longer overall survival (OS) (p < 0.001, 29.2 months, 95 % confidence interval [CI], 26.9-31.5 months) and relapse-free survival (RFS) (p = 0.005, 21.8 months, 95 % CI, 19.5-24.0 months) compared with those without TTT haplotype (21.9 months, 95 % CI, 19.6-24.2 months; 16.5 months, 95 % CI, 14.6-18.5 months). After adjusting for age; gender; leukocyte count; hemoglobin level; platelet levels; French, American, and British classification; lactate dehydrogenase levels; Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status; nucleophosmin gene; and fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 gene, the multivariate survival analysis showed that the TTT haplotype appeared to be a predicting factor for OS (p = 0.001, hazard ratio = 1.854, 95 % CI, 1.301-2.641) and RFS (p = 0.009, hazard ratio = 1.755, 95 % CI, 1.153-2.671). Moreover, a significant association between the TTT haplotype and relapse in AML patients was observed in this study (p = 0.002, odds ratio = 0.410, 95 % CI, 0.235-0.715). Gene expression level was significantly lower in patients with the TTT haplotype than in the patients with the other haplotypes (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS The findings suggested the TTT haplotype was possibly related to the OS, RFS, and relapse in Chinese patients with AML.
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Thol F, Scherr M, Kirchner A, Shahswar R, Battmer K, Kade S, Chaturvedi A, Koenecke C, Stadler M, Platzbecker U, Thiede C, Schroeder T, Kobbe G, Bug G, Ottmann O, Hofmann WK, Kröger N, Fiedler W, Schlenk R, Döhner K, Döhner H, Krauter J, Eder M, Ganser A, Heuser M. Clinical and functional implications of microRNA mutations in a cohort of 935 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica 2014; 100:e122-4. [PMID: 25552704 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2014.120345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Thol
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and HSCT, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Michaela Scherr
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and HSCT, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Aylin Kirchner
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and HSCT, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Rabia Shahswar
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and HSCT, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Karin Battmer
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and HSCT, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Sofia Kade
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and HSCT, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Anuhar Chaturvedi
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and HSCT, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Christian Koenecke
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and HSCT, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Michael Stadler
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and HSCT, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Uwe Platzbecker
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universtitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden
| | - Christian Thiede
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, Universtitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden
| | - Thomas Schroeder
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie und Klinische Immunologie, Heinreich Heine Universit¨at, Düsseldorf
| | - Guido Kobbe
- Klinik für Hämatologie, Onkologie und Klinische Immunologie, Heinreich Heine Universit¨at, Düsseldorf
| | - Gesine Bug
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital, Frankfurt
| | - Oliver Ottmann
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital, Frankfurt
| | | | - Nicolaus Kröger
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | - Walter Fiedler
- Department of Medicine II, Oncological Center, Hubertus Wald University Cancer Center, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg
| | | | | | | | - Jürgen Krauter
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and HSCT, Hannover Medical School, Hannover Klinikum Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Eder
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and HSCT, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Arnold Ganser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and HSCT, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
| | - Michael Heuser
- Department of Hematology, Hemostasis, Oncology and HSCT, Hannover Medical School, Hannover
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O'Brien EC, Brewin J, Chevassut T. DNMT3A: the DioNysian MonsTer of acute myeloid leukaemia. Ther Adv Hematol 2014; 5:187-96. [PMID: 25469209 DOI: 10.1177/2040620714554538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mythology of Ancient Greece, there was often a creative tension between the opposing forces of the gods Apollo and Dionysius, the two sons of Zeus. The Apollonian force was considered to be rational and lifegiving, whilst Dionysian forces were chaotic and elemental. Acute myeloid leukaemia is characterised by the clash of these forces: the chaotic proliferation of immature myeloid cells in the bone marrow overcomes the normal, orderly production of healthy blood cells. DNMT3A mutations occur early in the leukaemogenic process and may even act as "founder" mutations - the first step in a pathway towards malignant transformation. As such, these mutations may represent a Dionysian agent of disorder, inciting the chaotic myeloid proliferation and arrest of differentiation which are hallmarks of AML. This review will focus on the role of DNMT3A mutations in leukaemia pathogenesis, their influence on prognosis, and the potential for therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Conway O'Brien
- Medical Research Building, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Sussex University, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - John Brewin
- Medical Research Building, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Sussex University, Falmer, Brighton, UK
| | - Timothy Chevassut
- Medical Research Building, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Sussex University, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9PS, UK
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Wouters R, Cucchi D, Kaspers GJL, Schuurhuis GJ, Cloos J. Relevance of leukemic stem cells in acute myeloid leukemia: heterogeneity and influence on disease monitoring, prognosis and treatment design. Expert Rev Hematol 2014; 7:791-805. [PMID: 25242511 DOI: 10.1586/17474086.2014.959921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia is a bone marrow disease characterized by a block in differentiation of the myeloid lineage with a concomitant uncontrolled high proliferation rate. Development of acute myeloid leukemia from stem cells with specific founder mutations, leads to an oligoclonal disease that progresses into a very heterogeneous leukemia at diagnosis. Measurement of leukemic stem cell load and characterization of these cells are essential for prediction of relapse and target identification, respectively. Prediction of relapse by monitoring the disease during minimal residual disease detection is challenged by clonal shifts during therapy. To overcome this, characterization of the potential relapse-initiating cells is required using both flow cytometry and molecular analysis since leukemic stem cells can be targeted both on extracellular features and on stem-cell specific signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Wouters
- Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology and Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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41
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He H, Yin JY, Xu YJ, Li X, Zhang Y, Liu ZG, Zhou F, Zhai M, Li Y, Li XP, Wang Y, Zhou HH, Liu ZQ. Association of ABCB1 Polymorphisms With the Efficacy of Ondansetron in Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting. Clin Ther 2014; 36:1242-1252.e2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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42
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Di Giacomo D, Pierini V, Barba G, Ceccarelli V, Vecchini A, Mecucci C. Blast crisis Ph+ chronic myeloid leukemia with NUP98/HOXA13 up-regulating MSI2. Mol Cytogenet 2014; 7:42. [PMID: 24971156 PMCID: PMC4071805 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8166-7-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Musashi2(Msi2)-Numb pathway de-regulation is a molecular mechanism underlying the transition of chronic phase Ph + CML to deadly blast crisis, particularly in cases with a NUP98/HOXA9 fusion from a t(7;11)(p15;p15). This study provides new insights on the mechanisms cooperating in driving MSI2 over-expression and progression of Ph-positive CML. Results Herein we describe a t(7;11)(p15;p15) originating a NUP98 fusion with HOXA13, at 7p15, in a 39 year-old man in blast crisis of Ph-positive CML. Both MSI2 and HOXA9 were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR in our patient and in a series of haematological malignancies. Up-regulation of both genes emerged only in the presence of NUP98/HOXA13 gene fusion. However, over-expression of MSI2, but not HOXA9, was found in 2 cases of Ph + blast crisis with additional chromosome aberrations other than t(7;11). To determine the mechanisms underlying MSI2 over-expression in our patient we performed Chromatin Immunoprecipitation and found that NUP98/HOXA13 fusion protein deregulates MSI2 gene by binding its promoter. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular characterization of NUP98/HOXA13 fusion in blast crisis of Ph + CML. Our findings suggest cooperative mechanisms of MSI2 over-expression driven by HOXA proteins and strongly supports MSI2 as a prognostic marker and a candidate in target treatment of CML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danika Di Giacomo
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, University of Perugia, Polo Unico S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Valentina Pierini
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, University of Perugia, Polo Unico S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Barba
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, University of Perugia, Polo Unico S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Alba Vecchini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cristina Mecucci
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, University of Perugia, Polo Unico S. Maria della Misericordia, Perugia, Italy
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He H, Xu YJ, Yin JY, Li X, Qu J, Xu XJ, Liu ZG, Zhou F, Zhai M, Li Y, Zhou HH, Liu ZQ. Association of nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) 894 G>T polymorphism with prognostic outcomes of anthracycline in Chinese patients with acute myeloid leukaemia. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 41:400-7. [PMID: 24684492 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of the nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) 894 G>T polymorphism on prognostic outcomes of anthracycline in Chinese patients with de novo intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and to examine the gene expression level in relation to genetic variation. In all, 225 Chinese patients with intermediate-risk AML (at the complete remission stage) treated with anthracycline were enrolled in the study. The 894 G>T polymorphism of the NOS3 gene was analysed by allele-specific matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight. Expression of NOS3 mRNA was tested in 72 patients of known genotype for NOS3 894 G>T. The clinical characteristics of these patients were obtained from medical records. Survival analysis showed that patients with AML (GG genotype) had a longer overall survival (OS; P = 0.006). After adjusting for age, gender, leucocyte count, haemoglobin level, platelet level, French, American and Britain (FAB) classification, lactate dehydrogenase levels, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status, nucleophosmin gene and fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 gene, multivariate survival analysis showed that the NOS3 894 G>T polymorphism appeared to be a predicting factor for OS (P = 0.014; hazard ratio = 1.856). However, no significant associations between the NOS3 894 G>T polymorphism and relapse-free survival and relapse in patients with AML were observed. Gene expression levels were significantly higher in patients with the GG genotype than in patients with the GT and TT genotypes (P = 0.033). The findings suggest that the NOS3 894 G>T variant may be a biomarker for the prediction of OS in Chinese patients with AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui He
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Benxi, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China; Department of Hematology, Benxi Central Hospital of China Medical University, Benxi, China
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Zhang H, Tan S, Wang J, Chen S, Quan J, Xian J, Zhang SS, He J, Zhang L. Musashi2 modulates K562 leukemic cell proliferation and apoptosis involving the MAPK pathway. Exp Cell Res 2014; 320:119-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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