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Waitkus MS, Erman EN, Reitman ZJ, Ashley DM. Mechanisms of telomere maintenance and associated therapeutic vulnerabilities in malignant gliomas. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:1012-1024. [PMID: 38285162 PMCID: PMC11145458 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noae016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
A majority of cancers (~85%) activate the enzyme telomerase to maintain telomere length over multiple rounds of cellular division. Telomerase-negative cancers activate a distinct, telomerase-independent mechanism of telomere maintenance termed alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). ALT uses homologous recombination to maintain telomere length and exhibits features of break-induced DNA replication. In malignant gliomas, the activation of either telomerase or ALT is nearly ubiquitous in pediatric and adult tumors, and the frequency with which these distinct telomere maintenance mechanisms (TMMs) is activated varies according to genetically defined glioma subtypes. In this review, we summarize the current state of the field of TMMs and their relevance to glioma biology and therapy. We review the genetic alterations and molecular mechanisms leading to telomerase activation or ALT induction in pediatric and adult gliomas. With this background, we review emerging evidence on strategies for targeting TMMs for glioma therapy. Finally, we comment on critical gaps and issues for moving the field forward to translate our improved understanding of glioma telomere maintenance into better therapeutic strategies for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Waitkus
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elise N Erman
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zachary J Reitman
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David M Ashley
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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2
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Khodair AI, El-Hallouty SM, Cagle-White B, Abdel Aziz MH, Hanafy MK, Mowafy S, Hamdy NM, Kassab SE. Camptothecin structure simplification elaborated new imidazo[2,1-b]quinazoline derivative as a human topoisomerase I inhibitor with efficacy against bone cancer cells and colon adenocarcinoma. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 265:116049. [PMID: 38185054 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.116049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Camptothecin is a pentacyclic natural alkaloid that inhibits the hTop1 enzyme involved in DNA transcription and cancer cell growth. Camptothecin structure pitfalls prompted us to design new congeners using a structure simplification strategy to reduce the ring extension number from pentacyclic to tetracyclic while maintaining potential stacking of the new compounds with the DNA base pairs at the Top1-mediated cleavage complex and aqueous solubility, as well as minimizing compound-liver toxicity. The principal axis of this study was the verification of hTop1 inhibiting activity as a possible mechanism of action and the elaboration of new simplified inhibitors with improved pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic profiling using three structure panels (A-C) of (isoquinolinoimidazoquinazoline), (imidazoquinazoline), and (imidazoisoquinoline), respectively. DNA relaxation assay identified five compounds as hTop1 inhibitors belonging to the imidazoisoquinolines 3a,b, the imidazoquinazolines 12, and the isoquinolinoimidazoquinazolines 7a,b. In an MTT cytotoxicity assay against different cancer cell lines, compound 12 was the most potent against HOS bone cancer cells (IC50 = 1.47 μM). At the same time, the other inhibitors had no detectable activity against any cancer cell type. Compound (12) demonstrated great penetrating power in the HOS cancer cells' 3D-multicellular tumor spheroid model. Bioinformatics research of the hTop1 gene revealed that the TP53 cell proliferative gene is in the network of hTop1. The finding is confirmed empirically using the gene expression assay that proved the increase in p53 expression. The impact of structure simplification on compound 12 profile, characterized by the absence of acute oral liver toxicity when compared to Doxorubicin as a standard inhibitor, the lethal dose measured on Swiss Albino female mice and reported at LD50 = 250 mg/kg, and therapeutic significance in reducing colon adenocarcinoma tumor volume by 75.36 % after five weeks of treatment with compound 12. The molecular docking solutions of the active CPT-based derivative 12 and the inactive congener 14 into the active site of hTop1 and the activity cliffing of such MMP directed us to recommend the addition of HBD and HBA variables to compound 12 imidazoquinazoline core scaffold to enhance the potency via hydrogen bond formation with the major groove amino acids (Asp533, Lys532) as well as maintaining the hydrogen bond with the minor groove amino acid Arg364.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I Khodair
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, 33516, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.
| | - Salwa M El-Hallouty
- Drug Bioassay-Cell Culture Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Brittnee Cagle-White
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Health Outcomes, Fisch College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, TX 75799, USA
| | - May H Abdel Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Health Outcomes, Fisch College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, TX 75799, USA
| | - Mahmoud Kh Hanafy
- Drug Bioassay-Cell Culture Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; Research Centre for Idling Brain Science, Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, 930-0194, Japan
| | - Samar Mowafy
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, 11431, Egypt
| | - Nadia M Hamdy
- Biochemistry Dept., Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Shaymaa E Kassab
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, El-Buhaira, 22516, Egypt.
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3
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Beumer JH, Kennard BC, Holleran JL, Moore N, Zlott J, Miller BM, Kummar S, Chen A, Doroshow J, Park W, Gobburu J, Dunn A. Evaluating the indotecan-neutropenia relationship in patients with solid tumors by population pharmacokinetic modeling and sigmoidal E max regressions. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2023; 91:219-230. [PMID: 36813886 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-023-04509-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed at characterizing indotecan population pharmacokinetics and explore the indotecan-neutropenia relationship in patients with solid tumors. METHODS Population pharmacokinetics were assessed using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling of concentration data from two first-in-human phase 1 trials evaluating different dosing schedules of indotecan. Covariates were assessed in a stepwise manner. Final model qualification included bootstrap simulation, visual and quantitative predictive checks, and goodness-of-fit. A sigmoidal Emax model was developed to describe the relationship between average concentration and maximum percent neutrophil reduction. Simulations at fixed doses were conducted to determine the mean predicted decrease in neutrophil count for each schedule. RESULTS 518 concentrations from 41 patients supported a three-compartment pharmacokinetic model. Body weight and body surface area accounted for inter-individual variability of central/peripheral distribution volume and intercompartmental clearance, respectively. Estimated typical population values were CL 2.75 L/h, Q3 46.0 L/h, and V3 37.9 L. The estimated value of Q2 for a typical patient (BSA = 1.96 m2) was 17.3 L/h, while V1 and V2 for a typical patient (WT = 80 kg) was 33.9 L and 132 L. The final sigmoidal Emax model estimated that half-maximal ANC reduction occurs at an average concentration of 1416 µg/L and 1041 µg/L for the daily and weekly regimens, respectively. Simulations of the weekly regimen demonstrated lower percent reduction in ANC compared to the daily regimen at equivalent cumulative fixed doses. CONCLUSION The final PK model adequately describes indotecan population pharmacokinetics. Fixed dosing may be justified based on covariate analysis and the weekly dosing regimen may have a reduced neutropenic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H Beumer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Room G27E, Hillman Research Pavilion, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213-1863, USA.
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Benjamin C Kennard
- Center for Translational Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, 20 North Pine Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Julianne L Holleran
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Room G27E, Hillman Research Pavilion, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213-1863, USA
| | - Nancy Moore
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Zlott
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian M Miller
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Room G27E, Hillman Research Pavilion, 5117 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213-1863, USA
| | - Shivaani Kummar
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alice Chen
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James Doroshow
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wansu Park
- Center for Translational Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, 20 North Pine Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Jogarao Gobburu
- Center for Translational Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, 20 North Pine Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Allison Dunn
- Center for Translational Medicine, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, 20 North Pine Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
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4
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Payload diversification: a key step in the development of antibody-drug conjugates. J Hematol Oncol 2023; 16:3. [PMID: 36650546 PMCID: PMC9847035 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) is a fast moving class of targeted biotherapeutics that currently combines the selectivity of monoclonal antibodies with the potency of a payload consisting of cytotoxic agents. For many years microtubule targeting and DNA-intercalating agents were at the forefront of ADC development. The recent approval and clinical success of trastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu®) and sacituzumab govitecan (Trodelvy®), two topoisomerase 1 inhibitor-based ADCs, has shown the potential of conjugating unconventional payloads with differentiated mechanisms of action. Among future developments in the ADC field, payload diversification is expected to play a key role as illustrated by a growing number of preclinical and clinical stage unconventional payload-conjugated ADCs. This review presents a comprehensive overview of validated, forgotten and newly developed payloads with different mechanisms of action.
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5
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Kim O, Butler M, Sergi Z, Robey RW, Zhang M, Chari R, Pang Y, Yu G, Zhang W, Song H, Davis D, Hawley RG, Wen X, Wang H, Quezado M, Tran B, Merchant M, Ranjan A, Furnari FB, Khan J, Gilbert MR, Ryan Miller C, Gottesman MM, Pommier Y, Wu J. Combined inhibition of topoisomerase I and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase: A synergistic therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma with phosphatase and tensin homolog deficiency. Neurooncol Adv 2023; 5:vdad102. [PMID: 37706203 PMCID: PMC10496946 DOI: 10.1093/noajnl/vdad102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Deletions or loss-of-function mutations in phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) are common in glioblastoma (GBM) and have been associated with defective DNA damage repair. Here we investigated whether PTEN deficiency presents a vulnerability to a simultaneous induction of DNA damage and suppression of repair mechanisms by combining topoisomerase I (TOP1) and PARP inhibitors. Methods Patient-derived GBM cells and isogenic PTEN-null and PTEN-WT glioma cells were treated with LMP400 (Indotecan), a novel non-camptothecin TOP1 inhibitor alone and in combination with a PARP inhibitor, Olaparib or Niraparib. RNAseq analysis was performed to identify treatment-induced dysregulated pathways. Results We found that GBM cells lacking PTEN expression are highly sensitive to LMP400; however, rescue of the PTEN expression reduces sensitivity to the treatment. Combining LMP400 with Niraparib leads to synergistic cytotoxicity by inducing G2/M arrest, DNA damage, suppression of homologous recombination-related proteins, and activation of caspase 3/7 activity significantly more in PTEN-null cells compared to PTEN-WT cells. LMP400 and Niraparib are not affected by ABCB1 and ABCG2, the major ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) drug efflux transporters expressed at the blood-brain barrier (BBB), thus suggesting BBB penetration which is a prerequisite for potential brain tumor treatment. Animal studies confirmed both an anti-glioma effect and sufficient BBB penetration to prolong survival of mice treated with the drug combination. Conclusions Our findings provide a proof of concept for the combined treatment with LMP400 and Niraparib in a subset of GBM patients with PTEN deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kim
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Madison Butler
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Zach Sergi
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert W Robey
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Meili Zhang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Raj Chari
- Genome Modification Core laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Inc/ Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Ying Pang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Guangyang Yu
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Hua Song
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Dionne Davis
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert G Hawley
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xinyu Wen
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Herui Wang
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Bao Tran
- Sequencing Facility, Leidos Biomedical Inc/ Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - Mythili Merchant
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alice Ranjan
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Frank B Furnari
- University of California at San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Javed Khan
- Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mark R Gilbert
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Michael M Gottesman
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yves Pommier
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jing Wu
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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6
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Li X, Baek G, Carreira S, Yuan W, Ma S, Hofstad M, Lee S, Gao Y, Bertan C, Fenor de la Maza MDLD, Alluri PG, Burma S, Chen BP, Raj GV, de Bono J, Pommier Y, Mani RS. Targeting radioresistance and replication fork stability in prostate cancer. JCI Insight 2022; 7:152955. [PMID: 35349486 PMCID: PMC9090241 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.152955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) family of chromatin reader proteins bind to acetylated histones and regulate gene expression. The development of BET inhibitors (BETi) has expanded our knowledge of BET protein function beyond transcriptional regulation and has ushered several prostate cancer (PCa) clinical trials. However, BETi as a single agent is not associated with antitumor activity in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We hypothesized novel combinatorial strategies are likely to enhance the efficacy of BETi. By using PCa patient-derived explants and xenograft models, we show that BETi treatment enhanced the efficacy of radiation therapy (RT) and overcame radioresistance. Mechanistically, BETi potentiated the activity of RT by blocking DNA repair. We also report a synergistic relationship between BETi and topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitors (TOP1i). We show that the BETi OTX015 synergized with the new class of synthetic noncamptothecin TOP1i, LMP400 (indotecan), to block tumor growth in aggressive CRPC xenograft models. Mechanistically, BETi potentiated the antitumor activity of TOP1i by disrupting replication fork stability. Longitudinal analysis of patient tumors indicated that TOP1 transcript abundance increased as patients progressed from hormone-sensitive prostate cancer to CRPC. TOP1 was highly expressed in metastatic CRPC, and its expression correlated with the expression of BET family genes. These studies open new avenues for the rational combinatorial treatment of aggressive PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - GuemHee Baek
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Suzanne Carreira
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy and Cancer Biomarkers Group, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Yuan
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy and Cancer Biomarkers Group, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Sora Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Yunpeng Gao
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Claudia Bertan
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy and Cancer Biomarkers Group, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Maria de los Dolores Fenor de la Maza
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy and Cancer Biomarkers Group, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Prasanna G. Alluri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sandeep Burma
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology and Department of Neurosurgery, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Benjamin P.C. Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | | | - Johann de Bono
- Prostate Cancer Targeted Therapy and Cancer Biomarkers Group, The Institute of Cancer Research and The Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Ram S. Mani
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas (UT) Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Urology and
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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7
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Samare-Najaf M, Samareh A, Jamali N, Abbasi A, Clark CC, Khorchani MJ, Zal F. Adverse Effects and Safety of Etirinotecan Pegol, a Novel Topoisomerase Inhibitor, in Cancer Treatment: A Systematic Review. CURRENT CANCER THERAPY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573394717666210202103502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Due to the increasing prevalence of cancer and the inadequacy of current
therapies, the development of novel antitumor pharmaceutics with higher efficacies and lower adverse
effects is considered a fundamental tenet of contemporary cancer management.
Poly-Ethylene-Glycol (PEG) attachment is a novel pharmaceutical technology to improve the efficacy
and safety of chemotherapies. Etirinotecan Pegol (EP), also known as NKTR-102, is the PEGylated
form of Irinotecan (CPT-11), which causes cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting the
topoisomerase I enzyme.
Objectives:
The present study reviews and evaluates various reports of the EP’s anti-tumor activity
in various cancers.
Data Sources:
Studies were identified using the Scopus database, with no exclusions. The search
terms included Etirinotecan Pegol and NKTR-102, which yielded 125 articles (66 and 59 articles,
respectively). In addition, the clinicaltrials.gov website was used to find ongoing studies, which resulted
in the addition of two studies.
Study Eligibility Criteria:
Subsequently, we excluded studies that were published in languages
other than English, duplicate articles, and studies with no data.
Results:
This systematic review clarifies that EP possesses numerous advantages over many other
medications, such as safety, efficacy, increased half-life, increased health-related quality of life, increased
overall survival, increased progression-free survival, and decreasing the adverse events in
the treatment of various cancers.
Conclusion:
Therefore, Etirinotecan Pegol may represent a major contribution to the treatment of
various cancers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Samare-Najaf
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Samareh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Navid Jamali
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ali Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Cain C.T. Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, CV1 5FB, United Kingdom
| | - Majid J. Khorchani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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8
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Design and synthesis of novel conformationally constrained 7,12-dihydrodibenzo[b,h][1,6] naphthyridine and 7H-Chromeno[3,2-c] quinoline derivatives as topoisomerase I inhibitors: In vitro screening, molecular docking and ADME predictions. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105174. [PMID: 34314913 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Novel non-camptothecin (non-CPT) class of conformationally constrained, hitherto unknown 7,12-dihydrodibenzo[b,h][1,6] naphthyridine and 7H-Chromeno[3,2-c] quinoline derivatives have been designed, synthesized and evaluated for anti-cancer activity. In vitro anti-proliferation evaluation against human cancer cell lines (A549 and MCF-7) exhibited significant cytotoxicity. Among the derivatives (8-24), 8 (IC50 0.44 μM and IC50 0.62 μM) and 12 (IC50 0.69 μM and IC50 0.54 μM) were identified as the most promising candidate against A-549 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines respectively. Topo I inhibitory activity of 8 and 12 suggested that, they may be developed as potential anti-cancer molecules in future and rationalized by docking analysis with effective binding modes. Further, in silico ADME prediction studies of all derivatives were found promising, signifying the drug like properties. In precise, the present investigation displays a new strategy to synthesize and emphasis on anticancer activities of conformationally constrained dibenzo[b,h][1,6] naphthyridine derivatives and Chromeno[3,2-c] quinoline derivatives in the context of cancer drug development and refinement.
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9
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Coussy F, El-Botty R, Château-Joubert S, Dahmani A, Montaudon E, Leboucher S, Morisset L, Painsec P, Sourd L, Huguet L, Nemati F, Servely JL, Larcher T, Vacher S, Briaux A, Reyes C, La Rosa P, Lucotte G, Popova T, Foidart P, Sounni NE, Noel A, Decaudin D, Fuhrmann L, Salomon A, Reyal F, Mueller C, Ter Brugge P, Jonkers J, Poupon MF, Stern MH, Bièche I, Pommier Y, Marangoni E. BRCAness, SLFN11, and RB1 loss predict response to topoisomerase I inhibitors in triple-negative breast cancers. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/531/eaax2625. [PMID: 32075943 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax2625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitors trap TOP1 cleavage complexes resulting in DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) during replication, which are repaired by homologous recombination (HR). Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) could be eligible for TOP1 inhibitors given the considerable proportion of tumors with a defect in HR-mediated repair (BRCAness). The TOP1 inhibitor irinotecan was tested in 40 patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) of TNBC. BRCAness was determined with a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assay, and expression of Schlafen family member 11 (SLFN11) and retinoblastoma transcriptional corepressor 1 (RB1) was evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry analyses. In addition, the combination of irinotecan and the ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) inhibitor VE-822 was tested in SLFN11-negative PDXs, and two clinical non-camptothecin TOP1 inhibitors (LMP400 and LMP776) were tested. Thirty-eight percent of the TNBC models responded to irinotecan. BRCAness combined with high SLFN11 expression and RB1 loss identified highly sensitive tumors, consistent with the notion that deficiencies in cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair result in high sensitivity to TOP1 inhibitors. Treatment by the ATR inhibitor VE-822 increased sensitivity to irinotecan in SLFN11-negative PDXs and abolished irinotecan-induced phosphorylation of checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1). LMP400 (indotecan) and LMP776 (indimitecan) showed high antitumor activity in BRCA1-mutated or BRCAness-positive PDXs. Last, low SLFN11 expression was associated with poor survival in 250 patients with TNBC treated with anthracycline-based chemotherapy. In conclusion, a substantial proportion of TNBC respond to irinotecan. BRCAness, high SLFN11 expression, and RB1 loss are highly predictive of response to irinotecan and the clinical indenoisoquinoline TOP1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Coussy
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France.,Medical Oncology Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France.,Genetics Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Rania El-Botty
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | | | - Ahmed Dahmani
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Elodie Montaudon
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Sophie Leboucher
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, UMR3306, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Ludivine Morisset
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Painsec
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laura Sourd
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Léa Huguet
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Fariba Nemati
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Luc Servely
- BioPôle Alfort, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, 94704 Maisons Alfort, France.,INRA, PHASE Department, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Sophie Vacher
- Genetics Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Adrien Briaux
- Genetics Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Cécile Reyes
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Philippe La Rosa
- INSERM, U900, 75005 Paris, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Georges Lucotte
- INSERM, U900, 75005 Paris, France.,Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Tatiana Popova
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France.,INSERM U830, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Foidart
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliqué-Cancer (GIGA-Cancer), University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Nor Eddine Sounni
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliqué-Cancer (GIGA-Cancer), University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Agnès Noel
- Laboratory of Tumor and Developmental Biology, Groupe Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliqué-Cancer (GIGA-Cancer), University of Liège, Liège 4000, Belgium
| | - Didier Decaudin
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France.,Medical Oncology Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Fuhrmann
- Department of Pathology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Anne Salomon
- Department of Pathology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Fabien Reyal
- Surgery Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France.,U932, Immunity and Cancer, INSERM, Institut Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Christopher Mueller
- Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Petra Ter Brugge
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology and Cancer Genomics Centre Netherlands, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, Netherlands
| | - Marie-France Poupon
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Marc-Henri Stern
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France.,INSERM U830, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ivan Bièche
- Genetics Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Elisabetta Marangoni
- Translational Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 75005 Paris, France.
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10
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Buzun K, Bielawska A, Bielawski K, Gornowicz A. DNA topoisomerases as molecular targets for anticancer drugs. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:1781-1799. [PMID: 32975138 PMCID: PMC7534307 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1821676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The significant role of topoisomerases in the control of DNA chain topology has been confirmed in numerous research conducted worldwide. The prevalence of these enzymes, as well as the key importance of topoisomerase in the proper functioning of cells, have made them the target of many scientific studies conducted all over the world. This article is a comprehensive review of knowledge about topoisomerases and their inhibitors collected over the years. Studies on the structure-activity relationship and molecular docking are one of the key elements driving drug development. In addition to information on molecular targets, this article contains details on the structure-activity relationship of described classes of compounds. Moreover, the work also includes details about the structure of the compounds that drive the mode of action of topoisomerase inhibitors. Finally, selected topoisomerases inhibitors at the stage of clinical trials and their potential application in the chemotherapy of various cancers are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Buzun
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Bielawska
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Bielawski
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gornowicz
- Department of Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
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11
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Marzi L, Sun Y, Huang SYN, James A, Difilippantonio S, Pommier Y. The Indenoisoquinoline LMP517: A Novel Antitumor Agent Targeting both TOP1 and TOP2. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:1589-1597. [PMID: 32430490 PMCID: PMC7415565 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-19-1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The camptothecin derivatives topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitors, irinotecan and topotecan, are FDA approved for the treatment of colorectal, ovarian, lung and breast cancers. Because of the chemical instability of camptothecins, short plasma half-life, drug efflux by the multidrug-resistance ABC transporters, and the severe diarrhea produced by irinotecan, indenoisoquinoline TOP1 inhibitors (LMP400, LMP776, and LMP744), which overcome these limitations, have been developed and are in clinical development. Further modifications of the indenoisoquinolines led to the fluoroindenoisoquinolines, one of which, LMP517, is the focus of this study. LMP517 showed better antitumor activity than its parent compound LMP744 against H82 (small cell lung cancer) xenografts. Genetic analyses in DT40 cells showed a dual TOP1 and TOP2 signature with selectivity of LMP517 for DNA repair-deficient tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase 2 (TDP2)- and Ku70-knockout cells. RADAR assays revealed that LMP517, and to a lesser extent LMP744, induce TOP2 cleavage complexes (TOP2cc) in addition to TOP1ccs. Histone γH2AX detection showed that, unlike classical TOP1 inhibitors, LMP517 targets cells independently of their position in the cell cycle. Our study establishes LMP517 as a dual TOP1 and TOP2 inhibitor with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Marzi
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yilun Sun
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shar-Yin N Huang
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amy James
- Laboratory of Animal Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Simone Difilippantonio
- Laboratory of Animal Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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12
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Yuan JM, Chen NY, Liao HR, Zhang GH, Li XJ, Gu ZY, Pan CX, Mo DL, Su GF. 3-(Benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4-aminoquinoline derivatives as novel scaffold topoisomerase I inhibitor via DNA intercalation: design, synthesis, and antitumor activities. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj05846j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-seven 3-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)-4-aminoquinoline derivatives have been designed and synthesized as topoisomerase I inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Mei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| | - Nan-Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| | - Hao-Ran Liao
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| | - Guo-Hai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Juan Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| | - Zi-Yu Gu
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| | - Cheng-Xue Pan
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| | - Dong-Liang Mo
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
| | - Gui-Fa Su
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Guangxi Normal University
- Guilin 541004
- P. R. China
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13
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Marzi L, Szabova L, Gordon M, Weaver Ohler Z, Sharan SK, Beshiri ML, Etemadi M, Murai J, Kelly K, Pommier Y. The Indenoisoquinoline TOP1 Inhibitors Selectively Target Homologous Recombination-Deficient and Schlafen 11-Positive Cancer Cells and Synergize with Olaparib. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:6206-6216. [PMID: 31409613 PMCID: PMC6801079 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-0419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Irinotecan and topotecan are used to treat a variety of different cancers. However, they have limitations, including chemical instability and severe side effects. To overcome these limitations, we developed the clinical indenoisoquinolines: LMP400 (indotecan), LMP776 (indimitecan), and LMP744. The purpose of the study is to build the molecular rationale for phase II clinical trials. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN CellMinerCDB (http://discover.nci.nih.gov/cellminercdb) was used to mine the cancer cell lines genomic databases. The causality of Schlafen11 (SLFN11) was validated in isogenic cell lines. Because topoisomerase I (TOP1)-mediated replication DNA damage is repaired by homologous recombination (HR), we tested the "synthetic lethality" of HR-deficient (HRD) cells. Survival and cell-cycle alterations were performed after drug treatments in isogenic DT40, DLD1, and OVCAR cell lines with BRCA1, BRCA2, or PALB2 deficiencies and in organoids cultured from prostate cancer patient-derived xenografts with BRCA2 loss. We also used an ovarian orthotopic allograft model with BRCA1 loss to validate the efficacy of LMP400 and olaparib combination. RESULTS CellMinerCDB reveals that SLFN11, which kills cells undergoing replicative stress, is a dominant drug determinant to the clinical indenoisoquinolines. In addition, BRCA1-, BRCA2-, and PALB2-deficient cells were hypersensitive to the indenoisoquinolines. All 3 clinical indenoisoquinolines were also synergistic with olaparib, especially in the HRD cells. The synergy between LMP400 and olaparib was confirmed in the orthotopic allograft model harboring BRCA1 loss. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a rationale for molecularly designed clinical trials with the indenoisoquinolines as single agents and in combination with PARP inhibitors in HRD cancers expressing SLFN11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Marzi
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch & Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ludmila Szabova
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research at the National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Melanie Gordon
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research at the National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Zoe Weaver Ohler
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research at the National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Shyam K Sharan
- Center for Advanced Preclinical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research at the National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland
- Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Michael L Beshiri
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Moudjib Etemadi
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch & Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Junko Murai
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch & Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kathleen Kelly
- Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch & Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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14
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Murai J, Thomas A, Miettinen M, Pommier Y. Schlafen 11 (SLFN11), a restriction factor for replicative stress induced by DNA-targeting anti-cancer therapies. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 201:94-102. [PMID: 31128155 PMCID: PMC6708787 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Schlafen 11 (SLFN11) sensitizes cells to a broad range of anti-cancer drugs including platinum derivatives (cisplatin and carboplatin), inhibitors of topoisomerases (irinotecan, topotecan, doxorubicin, daunorubicin, mitoxantrone and etoposide), DNA synthesis inhibitors (gemcitabine, cytarabine, hydroxyurea and nucleoside analogues), and poly(ADPribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib and talazoparib). In spite of their different primary mechanisms of action, all these drugs damage DNA during S-phase, activate the intra-S-phase checkpoint and induce replication fork slowing and stalling with single-stranded DNA segments coated with replication protein A. Such situation with abnormal replication forks is known as replication stress. SLFN11 irreversibly blocks replication in cells under replication stress, explaining why SLFN11-positive cells are markedly more efficiently killed by DNA-targeting drugs than SLFN11-negative cells. SLFN11 is inactivated in ~50% of cancer cell lines and in a large fraction of tumors, and is linked with the native immune, interferon and T-cells responses, implying the translational relevance of measuring SLFN11 expression as a predictive biomarker of response and resistance in patients. SLFN11 is also a plausible epigenetic target for reactivation by inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDAC), DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) and EZH2 histone methyltransferase and for combination of these epigenetic inhibitors with DNA-targeting drugs in cells lacking SLFN11 expression. In addition, resistance due to lack of SLFN11 expression in tumors is a potential indication for cell-cycle checkpoint inhibitors in combination with DNA-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Murai
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Anish Thomas
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Markku Miettinen
- Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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15
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Wang KB, Elsayed MSA, Wu G, Deng N, Cushman M, Yang D. Indenoisoquinoline Topoisomerase Inhibitors Strongly Bind and Stabilize the MYC Promoter G-Quadruplex and Downregulate MYC. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:11059-11070. [PMID: 31283877 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
MYC is one of the most important oncogenes and is overexpressed in the majority of cancers. G-Quadruplexes are noncanonical four-stranded DNA secondary structures that have emerged as attractive cancer-specific molecular targets for drug development. The G-quadruplex formed in the proximal promoter region of the MYC oncogene (MycG4) has been shown to be a transcriptional silencer that is amenable to small-molecule targeting for MYC suppression. Indenoisoquinolines are human topoisomerase I inhibitors in clinical testing with improved physicochemical and biological properties as compared to the clinically used camptothecin anticancer drugs topotecan and irinotecan. However, some indenoisoquinolines with potent anticancer activity do not exhibit strong topoisomerase I inhibition, suggesting a separate mechanism of action. Here, we report that anticancer indenoisoquinolines strongly bind and stabilize MycG4 and lower MYC expression levels in cancer cells, using various biochemical, biophysical, computer modeling, and cell-based methods. Significantly, a large number of active indenoisoquinolines cause strong MYC downregulation in cancer cells. Structure-activity relationships of MycG4 recognition by indenoisoquinolines are investigated. In addition, the analysis of indenoisoquinoline analogues for their MYC-inhibitory activity, topoisomerase I-inhibitory activity, and anticancer activity reveals a synergistic effect of MYC inhibition and topoisomerase I inhibition on anticancer activity. Therefore, this study uncovers a novel mechanism of action of indenoisoquinolines as a new family of drugs targeting the MYC promoter G-quadruplex for MYC suppression. Furthermore, the study suggests that dual targeting of MYC and topoisomerase I may serve as a novel strategy for anticancer drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Bo Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Purdue University , 575 W Stadium Avenue , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Mohamed S A Elsayed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Purdue University , 575 W Stadium Avenue , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Guanhui Wu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Purdue University , 575 W Stadium Avenue , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Nanjie Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Physical Sciences , Pace University , 1 Pace Plaza , New York , New York 10038 , United States
| | - Mark Cushman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Purdue University , 575 W Stadium Avenue , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States.,Purdue Center for Cancer Research , 201 S University Street , West Lafayette , Indiana 47906 , United States.,Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery , 720 Clinic Drive , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Danzhou Yang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy , Purdue University , 575 W Stadium Avenue , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States.,Purdue Center for Cancer Research , 201 S University Street , West Lafayette , Indiana 47906 , United States.,Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery , 720 Clinic Drive , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
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16
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de Almeida NR, Conda-Sheridan M. A review of the molecular design and biological activities of RXR agonists. Med Res Rev 2019; 39:1372-1397. [PMID: 30941786 DOI: 10.1002/med.21578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
An attractive approach to combat disease is to target theregulation of cell function. At the heart of this task are nuclear receptors (NRs); which control functions such as gene transcription. Arguably, the key player in this regulatory machinery is the retinoid X receptor (RXR). This NR associates with a third of the NRs found in humans. Scientists have hypothesized that controlling the activity of RXR is an attractive approach to control cellular functions that modulate diseases such as cancer, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In this review, we will describe the key features of the RXR, present a historic perspective of the first RXR agonists, and discuss various templates that have been reported to activate RXR with a focus on their molecular structure, biological activity, and limitations. Finally, we will present an outlook of the field and future directions and considerations to synthesize or modulate RXR agonists to make these compounds a clinical reality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Conda-Sheridan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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17
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Burton JH, Mazcko C, LeBlanc A, Covey JM, Ji J, Kinders RJ, Parchment RE, Khanna C, Paoloni M, Lana S, Weishaar K, London C, Kisseberth W, Krick E, Vail D, Childress M, Bryan JN, Barber L, Ehrhart EJ, Kent M, Fan T, Kow K, Northup N, Wilson-Robles H, Tomaszewski J, Holleran JL, Muzzio M, Eiseman J, Beumer JH, Doroshow JH, Pommier Y. NCI Comparative Oncology Program Testing of Non-Camptothecin Indenoisoquinoline Topoisomerase I Inhibitors in Naturally Occurring Canine Lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:5830-5840. [PMID: 30061364 PMCID: PMC6312717 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Only one chemical class of topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitors is FDA approved, the camptothecins with irinotecan and topotecan widely used. Because of their limitations (chemical instability, drug efflux-mediated resistance, and diarrhea), novel TOP1 inhibitors are warranted. Indenoisoquinoline non-camptothecin topoisomerase I (TOP1) inhibitors overcome chemical instability and drug resistance that limit camptothecin use. Three indenoisoquinolines, LMP400 (indotecan), LMP776 (indimitecan), and LMP744, were examined in a phase I study for lymphoma-bearing dogs to evaluate differential efficacy, pharmacodynamics, toxicology, and pharmacokinetics. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Eighty-four client-owned dogs with lymphomas were enrolled in dose-escalation cohorts for each indenoisoquinoline, with an expansion phase for LMP744. Efficacy, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and target engagement were determined. RESULTS The MTDs were 17.5 mg/m2 for LMP 776 and 100 mg/m2 for LMP744; bone marrow toxicity was dose-limiting; up to 65 mg/m2 LMP400 was well-tolerated and MTD was not reached. None of the drugs induced notable diarrhea. Sustained tumor accumulation was observed for LMP744; γH2AX induction was demonstrated in tumors 2 and 6 hours after treatment; a decrease in TOP1 protein was observed in most lymphoma samples across all compounds and dose levels, which is consistent with the fact that tumor response was also observed at low doses LMP744. Objective responses were documented for all indenoisoquinolines; efficacy (13/19 dogs) was greatest for LMP744. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate proof-of-mechanism for indenoisoquinoline TOP1 inhibitors supporting their further clinical development. They also highlight the value of the NCI Comparative Oncology Program (https://ccr.cancer.gov/Comparative-Oncology-Program) for evaluating novel therapies in immunocompetent pets with cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenna H Burton
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Christina Mazcko
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Amy LeBlanc
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joseph M Covey
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jiuping Ji
- Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarker Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., NCI Campus at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Robert J Kinders
- Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarker Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., NCI Campus at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Ralph E Parchment
- Clinical Pharmacodynamic Biomarker Program, Applied/Developmental Research Directorate, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., NCI Campus at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Chand Khanna
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Melissa Paoloni
- Comparative Oncology Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sue Lana
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Kristen Weishaar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Cheryl London
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - William Kisseberth
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Erika Krick
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - David Vail
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Michael Childress
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jeffrey N Bryan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts
| | - Lisa Barber
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - E J Ehrhart
- College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Michael Kent
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Timothy Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kelvin Kow
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Nicole Northup
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Heather Wilson-Robles
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph Tomaszewski
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Miguel Muzzio
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda
| | - Julie Eiseman
- Life Science Group, IIT Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jan H Beumer
- Life Science Group, IIT Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois
| | - James H Doroshow
- Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda.
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Cinelli MA. Topoisomerase 1B poisons: Over a half-century of drug leads, clinical candidates, and serendipitous discoveries. Med Res Rev 2018; 39:1294-1337. [PMID: 30456874 DOI: 10.1002/med.21546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Topoisomerases are DNA processing enzymes that relieve supercoiling (torsional strain) in DNA, are necessary for normal cellular division, and act by nicking (and then religating) DNA strands. Type 1B topoisomerase (Top1) is overexpressed in certain tumors, and the enzyme has been extensively investigated as a target for cancer chemotherapy. Various chemical agents can act as "poisons" of the enzyme's religation step, leading to Top1-DNA lesions, DNA breakage, and eventual cellular death. In this review, agents that poison Top1 (and have thus been investigated for their anticancer properties) are surveyed, including natural products (such as camptothecins and indolocarbazoles), semisynthetic camptothecin and luotonin derivatives, and synthetic compounds (such as benzonaphthyridines, aromathecins, and indenoisoquinolines), as well as targeted therapies and conjugates. Top1 has also been investigated as a therapeutic target in certain viral and parasitic infections, as well as autoimmune, inflammatory, and neurological disorders, and a summary of literature describing alternative indications is also provided. This review should provide both a reference for the medicinal chemist and potentially offer clues to aid in the development of new Top1 poisons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maris A Cinelli
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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Hevener K, Verstak TA, Lutat KE, Riggsbee DL, Mooney JW. Recent developments in topoisomerase-targeted cancer chemotherapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:844-861. [PMID: 30505655 PMCID: PMC6251812 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA topoisomerase enzymes are essential to cell function and are found ubiquitously in all domains of life. The various topoisomerase enzymes perform a wide range of functions related to the maintenance of DNA topology during DNA replication, and transcription are the targets of a wide range of antimicrobial and cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Natural product-derived agents, such as the camptothecin, anthracycline, and podophyllotoxin drugs, have seen broad use in the treatment of many types of cancer. Selective targeting of the topoisomerase enzymes for cancer treatment continues to be a highly active area of basic and clinical research. The focus of this review will be to summarize the current state of the art with respect to clinically used topoisomerase inhibitors for targeted cancer treatment and to discuss the pharmacology and chemistry of promising new topoisomerase inhibitors in clinical and pre-clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- KirkE. Hevener
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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20
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Lee HM, Clark EP, Kuijer MB, Cushman M, Pommier Y, Philpot BD. Characterization and structure-activity relationships of indenoisoquinoline-derived topoisomerase I inhibitors in unsilencing the dormant Ube3a gene associated with Angelman syndrome. Mol Autism 2018; 9:45. [PMID: 30140420 PMCID: PMC6098585 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-018-0228-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Angelman syndrome (AS) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder lacking effective therapies. AS is caused by mutations in ubiquitin protein ligase E3A (UBE3A), which is genomically imprinted such that only the maternally inherited copy is expressed in neurons. We previously demonstrated that topoisomerase I (Top1) inhibitors could successfully reactivate the dormant paternal allele of Ube3a in neurons of a mouse model of AS. We also previously showed that one such Top1 inhibitor, topotecan, could unsilence paternal UBE3A in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons from individuals with AS. Although topotecan has been well-studied and is FDA-approved for cancer therapy, its limited CNS bioavailability will likely restrict the therapeutic use of topotecan in AS. The goal of this study was to identify additional Top1 inhibitors with similar efficacy as topotecan, with the expectation that these could be tested in the future for safety and CNS bioavailability to assess their potential as AS therapeutics. Methods We tested 13 indenoisoquinoline-derived Top1 inhibitors to identify compounds that unsilence the paternal allele of Ube3a in mouse neurons. Primary cortical neurons were isolated from embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5) mice with a Ube3a-YFP fluorescent tag on the paternal allele (Ube3am+/pYFP mice) or mice that lack the maternal Ube3a allele and hence model AS (Ube3am-/p+ mice). Neurons were cultured for 7 days, treated with drug for 72 h, and examined for paternal UBE3A protein expression by Western blot or fluorescence immunostaining. Dose responses of the compounds were determined across a log range of drug treatments, and cytotoxicity was tested using a luciferase-based assay. Results All 13 indenoisoquinoline-derived Top1 inhibitors unsilenced paternal Ube3a. Several compounds exhibited favorable paternal Ube3a unsilencing properties, similar to topotecan, and of these, indotecan (LMP400) was the most effective based on estimated Emax (maximum response of unsilencing paternal Ube3a) and EC50 (half maximal effective concentration). Conclusions We provide pharmacological profiles of indenoisoquinoline-derived Top1 inhibitors as paternal Ube3a unsilencers. All 13 tested compounds were effective at unsilencing paternal Ube3a, although with variable efficacy and potency. Indotecan (LMP400) demonstrated a better pharmacological profile of Ube3a unsilencing compared to our previous lead compound, topotecan. Taken together, indotecan and its structural analogues are potential AS therapeutics whose translational potential in AS treatment should be further assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong-Min Lee
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Building, Room 5119 115 Mason Farm Rd., Campus Box 7545, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7545 USA
| | - Ellen P Clark
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Building, Room 5119 115 Mason Farm Rd., Campus Box 7545, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7545 USA
| | - M Bram Kuijer
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Building, Room 5119 115 Mason Farm Rd., Campus Box 7545, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7545 USA
| | - Mark Cushman
- 2Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University School of Pharmacy and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN USA
| | - Yves Pommier
- 3Developmental Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Benjamin D Philpot
- 1Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Building, Room 5119 115 Mason Farm Rd., Campus Box 7545, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7545 USA.,4UNC Neuroscience Center, Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC USA
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21
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Marzi L, Agama K, Murai J, Difilippantonio S, James A, Peer CJ, Figg WD, Beck D, Elsayed MSA, Cushman M, Pommier Y. Novel Fluoroindenoisoquinoline Non-Camptothecin Topoisomerase I Inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther 2018; 17:1694-1704. [PMID: 29748210 PMCID: PMC6072611 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Contrary to other anticancer targets, topoisomerase I (TOP1) is targeted by only one chemical class of FDA-approved drugs: topotecan and irinotecan, the derivatives of the plant alkaloid, camptothecin. The indenoisoquinolines LMP400, LMP744, and LMP776 are novel noncamptothecin TOP1 inhibitors in clinical trial, which overcome the limitations of camptothecins. To further improve metabolic stability, their methoxy groups have been replaced by fluorine, as in the fluoroindenoisoquinolines NSC 781517 (LMP517), NSC 779135 (LMP135), and NSC 779134 (LMP134). We tested the induction and stability of TOP1 cleavage complexes (TOP1cc), and the induction and persistence of DNA damage measured by histone H2AX phosphorylation (γH2AX) compared with their parent compounds LMP744 and LMP776 in leukemia CCRF-CEM and colon carcinoma HCT116 cells. The fluoroindenoisoquinolines induced TOP1cc and γH2AX at nanomolar concentrations, and at higher levels than the parent indenoisoquinolines. The fluoroindenoisoquinoline LMP135 showed greater antitumor activity than topotecan in small-cell lung cancer cell H82 xenografts. It was also more potent than topotecan in the NCI-60 cancer cell line panel. Bioinformatics tools (http://discover.nci.nih.gov/cellminercdb) were used to investigate the following: (i) the correlations of fluoroindenoisoquinolines activity with other drugs, and (ii) genomic determinants of response in the NCI-60. The activity of the fluoroindenoisoquinolines was mostly correlated with camptothecin derivatives and the parent indenoisoquinolines, consistent with TOP1 targeting. Genomic analyses and activity assays in CCRF-CEM SLFN11-deleted cells showed that SLFN11 expression is a dominant determinant of response to LMP135. This study shows the potential value of the fluoroindenoisoquinolines for further development as novel anticancer agents targeting TOP1. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(8); 1694-704. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia Marzi
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch & Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Keli Agama
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch & Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Junko Murai
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch & Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Simone Difilippantonio
- Laboratory of Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Amy James
- Laboratory of Animal Sciences Program, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Cody J Peer
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Genitourinary Malignancy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William D Figg
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Genitourinary Malignancy Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Daniel Beck
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and The Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Mohamed S A Elsayed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and The Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Mark Cushman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and The Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch & Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Delgado JL, Hsieh CM, Chan NL, Hiasa H. Topoisomerases as anticancer targets. Biochem J 2018; 475:373-398. [PMID: 29363591 PMCID: PMC6110615 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Many cancer type-specific anticancer agents have been developed and significant advances have been made toward precision medicine in cancer treatment. However, traditional or nonspecific anticancer drugs are still important for the treatment of many cancer patients whose cancers either do not respond to or have developed resistance to cancer-specific anticancer agents. DNA topoisomerases, especially type IIA topoisomerases, are proved therapeutic targets of anticancer and antibacterial drugs. Clinically successful topoisomerase-targeting anticancer drugs act through topoisomerase poisoning, which leads to replication fork arrest and double-strand break formation. Unfortunately, this unique mode of action is associated with the development of secondary cancers and cardiotoxicity. Structures of topoisomerase-drug-DNA ternary complexes have revealed the exact binding sites and mechanisms of topoisomerase poisons. Recent advances in the field have suggested a possibility of designing isoform-specific human topoisomerase II poisons, which may be developed as safer anticancer drugs. It may also be possible to design catalytic inhibitors of topoisomerases by targeting certain inactive conformations of these enzymes. Furthermore, identification of various new bacterial topoisomerase inhibitors and regulatory proteins may inspire the discovery of novel human topoisomerase inhibitors. Thus, topoisomerases remain as important therapeutic targets of anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine L Delgado
- Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, 115 S Grand Ave., S321 Pharmacy Building, Iowa City, IA 52242, U.S.A
| | - Chao-Ming Hsieh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 100, Taiwan
| | - Nei-Li Chan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 100, Taiwan
| | - Hiroshi Hiasa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, 6-120 Jackson Hall, 321 Church Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, U.S.A.
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Implications of ABCG2 Expression on Irinotecan Treatment of Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091926. [PMID: 28880238 PMCID: PMC5618575 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the main chemotherapeutic drugs used on a routine basis in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer ((m)CRC) is the topoisomerase-1 inhibitor, irinotecan. However, its usefulness is limited by the pre-existing or inevitable development of resistance. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCG2/breast cancer resistance protein (BRCP) through its function in xenobiotic clearance might play an important role in irinotecan resistance. With a goal to evaluate the clinical significance of ABCG2 measurements, we here review the current literature on ABCG2 in relation to irinotecan treatment in CRC patients. RESULTS Few studies have evaluated the association between ABCG2 gene or protein expression and prognosis in CRC patients. Discordant results were reported. The discrepancies might be explained by the use of different criteria for interpretation of results in the immunohistochemistry studies. Only one large study evaluated the ABCG2 protein expression and efficacy of irinotecan in mCRC (CAIRO study, n = 566). This study failed to demonstrate any correlation between ABCG2 protein expression in the primary tumor and response to irinotecan-based treatment. We recently raised questions on how to evaluate ABCG2 immunoreactivity patterns, and the results in the CAIRO study might be influenced by using a different scoring protocol than the one proposed by us. In contrast, our recent exploratory study of ABCG2 mRNA expression in 580 patients with stage III primary CRC (subgroup from the randomized PETACC-3 study) indicated that high ABCG2 tumor tissue mRNA expression might be predictive for lack of efficacy of irinotecan. CONCLUSION The biological role of ABCG2 in predicting clinical irinotecan sensitivity/resistance in CRC is uncertain. In particular, the significance of ABCG2 cellular localization needs to be established. Data concerning ABCG2 mRNA expression and prediction of adjuvant irinotecan efficacy are still sparse and need to be confirmed.
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Elsayed MSA, Su Y, Wang P, Sethi T, Agama K, Ravji A, Redon CE, Kiselev E, Horzmann KA, Freeman JL, Pommier Y, Cushman M. Design and Synthesis of Chlorinated and Fluorinated 7-Azaindenoisoquinolines as Potent Cytotoxic Anticancer Agents That Inhibit Topoisomerase I. J Med Chem 2017; 60:5364-5376. [PMID: 28657311 PMCID: PMC8025945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The 7-azaindenoisoquinolines are cytotoxic topoisomerase I (Top1) inhibitors. Previously reported representatives bear a 3-nitro group. The present report documents the replacement of the potentially genotoxic 3-nitro group by 3-chloro and 3-fluoro substituents, resulting in compounds with high Top1 inhibitory activities and potent cytotoxicities in human cancer cell cultures and reduced lethality in an animal model. Some of the new Top1 inhibitors also possess moderate inhibitory activities against tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (TDP1) and tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2 (TDP2), two enzymes that are involved in DNA damage repair resulting from Top1 inhibitors, and they produce significantly more DNA damage in cancer cells than in normal cells. Eighteen of the new compounds had cytotoxicity mean-graph midpoint (MGM) GI50 values in the submicromolar (0.033-0.630 μM) range. Compounds 16b and 17b are the most potent in human cancer cell cultures with MGM GI50 values of 0.063 and 0.033 μM, respectively. Possible binding modes to Top1 and TDP1were investigated by molecular modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. A. Elsayed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yafan Su
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Taresh Sethi
- Development Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Keli Agama
- Development Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Azhar Ravji
- Development Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Christophe E. Redon
- Development Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Evgeny Kiselev
- Development Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Katharine A. Horzmann
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jennifer L. Freeman
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yves Pommier
- Development Therapeutics Branch and Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Mark Cushman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, and the Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Cuya SM, Bjornsti MA, van Waardenburg RCAM. DNA topoisomerase-targeting chemotherapeutics: what's new? Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2017; 80:1-14. [PMID: 28528358 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-017-3334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To resolve the topological problems that threaten the function and structural integrity of nuclear and mitochondrial genomes and RNA molecules, human cells encode six different DNA topoisomerases including type IB enzymes (TOP1 and TOP1mt), type IIA enzymes (TOP2α and TOP2β) and type IA enzymes (TOP3α and TOP3β). DNA entanglements and the supercoiling of DNA molecules are regulated by topoisomerases through the introduction of transient enzyme-linked DNA breaks. The covalent topoisomerase-DNA complexes are the cellular targets of a diverse group of cancer chemotherapeutics, which reversibly stabilize these reaction intermediates. Here we review the structure-function and catalytic mechanisms of each family of eukaryotic DNA topoisomerases and the topoisomerase-targeting agents currently approved for patient therapy or in clinical trials, and highlight novel developments and challenges in the clinical development of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma M Cuya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 155 Volker Hall, 1720 2nd Ave. S., Birmingham, AL, 35294-0019, USA
| | - Mary-Ann Bjornsti
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 155 Volker Hall, 1720 2nd Ave. S., Birmingham, AL, 35294-0019, USA
| | - Robert C A M van Waardenburg
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 155 Volker Hall, 1720 2nd Ave. S., Birmingham, AL, 35294-0019, USA.
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