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Nakajima Y, Osaka S, Mizuno T, Yokoi K, Nakano S, Hirai S, Hiraoka Y, Miura Y, Suzuki M, Kusuhara H, Hayashi H. Influence of food on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of 4-phenylbutyrate in patients with urea cycle disorders. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2021; 29:100799. [PMID: 34522617 PMCID: PMC8424592 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2021.100799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Urea cycle disorders (UCDs), inborn errors of hepatocyte metabolism, cause hyperammonemia and lead to neurocognitive deficits, coma, and even death. Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (NaPB), a standard adjunctive therapy for UCDs, generates an alternative pathway of nitrogen deposition through glutamine consumption. Administration during or immediately after a meal is the approved usage of NaPB. However, we previously found that preprandial oral administration enhanced its potency in healthy adults and pediatric patients with intrahepatic cholestasis. The present study evaluated the effect of food on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of NaPB in five patients with UCDs. Following an overnight fast, NaPB was administered orally at 75 mg/kg/dose (high dose, HD) or 25 mg/kg/dose (low dose, LD) either 15 min before or immediately after breakfast. Each patient was treated with these four treatment regimens with NaPB. With either dose, pre-breakfast administration rather than post-breakfast administration significantly increased plasma PB levels and decreased plasma glutamine availability. Pre-breakfast LD administration resulted in a greater attenuation in plasma glutamine availability than post-breakfast HD administration. Plasma levels of branched-chain amino acids decreased to the same extent in all tested regimens. No severe adverse events occurred during this study. In conclusion, preprandial oral administration of NaPB maximized systemic exposure of PB and thereby its efficacy on glutamine consumption in patients with UCDs.
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Key Words
- AAs, amino acids
- AUC0–4, area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 to 4 h
- Amino acids
- BCAA, branched-chain amino acids
- CI, confidence interval
- Clinical study
- Cmax, the maximum plasma concentration
- HD, high dose
- Kel, elimination rate constant
- LD, low dose
- NaPB, sodium 4-phenylbutyrate
- PA, 4-phenylacetate
- PAG, 4-phenylacetylglutamine
- PB, 4-phenylbutyrate
- PD, pharmacodynamics
- PFIC, progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis
- PK, pharmacokinetics
- Pharmacokinetics
- SD, standard deviation
- Tmax, time to reach Cmax
- UCDs, urea cycle disorders.
- Urea cycle disorders
- iAUC0–4, incremental area under the curve from time 0 to 4 h after breakfast
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Nakajima
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Shuhei Osaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadahaya Mizuno
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Yokoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakano
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saeko Hirai
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuka Hiraoka
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Research Support Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Miura
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Biomolecular Science, Research Support Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kusuhara
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisamitsu Hayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, Japan
- Corresponding author at: Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Department of Medical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Yao Y, Liu Z, Zhao M, Chen Z, Li P, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhao C, Long C, Chen X, Yang J. Design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of 4-(3-chloro-4-(3-cyclopropylthioureido)-2-fluorophenoxy)-7-methoxyquinoline-6-carboxamide (WXFL-152): a novel triple angiokinase inhibitor for cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:1453-1475. [PMID: 32963943 PMCID: PMC7488503 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiokinases, such as vascular endothelial-, fibroblast- and platelet-derived growth factor receptors (VEGFRs, FGFRs and PDGFRs) play crucial roles in tumor angiogenesis. Anti-angiogenesis therapy using multi-angiokinase inhibitor has achieved great success in recent years. In this study, we presented the design, synthesis, target identification, molecular mechanism, pharmacodynamics (PD) and pharmacokinetics (PK) research of a novel triple-angiokinase inhibitor WXFL-152. WXFL-152, identified from a series of 4-oxyquinoline derivatives based on a structure-activity relationship study, inhibited the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes by blocking the angiokinase signals VEGF/VEGFR2, FGF/FGFRs and PDGF/PDGFRβ simultaneously in vitro. Significant anticancer effects of WXFL-152 were confirmed in multiple preclinical tumor xenograft models, including a patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) model. Pharmacokinetic studies of WXFL-152 demonstrated high favourable bioavailability with single-dose and continuous multi-dose by oral administration in rats and beagles. In conclusion, WXFL-152, which is currently in phase Ib clinical trials, is a novel and effective triple-angiokinase inhibitor with clear PD and PK in tumor therapy.
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Key Words
- ATCC, American Type Culture Collection
- AUC, area under the plasma concentration–time curve
- Anti-angiogenesis therapy
- CE, collision energy
- CL, systemic clearance
- Cmax, maximum plasma concentration
- Drug synthesis
- EC, vascular endothelial cell
- ECM, endothelial cell medium
- ERKs, extracellular signal-regulated kinases
- FGF, fibroblast growth factor
- FGFRs, fibroblast growth factor receptors
- HBVPs, human brain vascular pericytes
- HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells
- IC50, half maximal inhibitory concentration
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- LC–MS, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry
- LLOQ, lower limit of quantification
- MRM, multiple reaction monitoring
- MsOH, methane sulfonic acid
- Multi-angiokinase inhibitor
- NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance
- PD, pharmacodynamics
- PDB, protein data bank
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- PDGFRs, platelet-derived growth factor receptors
- PDX, patient-derived tumor xenograft
- PK, pharmacokinetics
- PM, pericyte medium
- Pharmacokinetic
- QC, quality control
- RE, values and relative error
- RSD, relative standard deviation
- RTKs, receptor tyrosine kinases
- TGI, tumor growth inhibition rate
- TLC, thin-layer chromatography
- Tmax, time the maximum concentration occurred
- Tumor
- ULOQ, up limit of quantitation
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- VEGFRs, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors
- Vdss, volume of distribution at steady state
- i.v., intravenous injection
- p.o., per os
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523325, China
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhuowei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523325, China
- Guangdong Raynovent Biotech Co., Ltd. Dongguan 523325, China
| | - Manyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | | | - Peng Li
- WuXi AppTec Ltd. Shanghai 200131, China
| | | | - Yuxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chengjian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chaofeng Long
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523325, China
- Guangdong Raynovent Biotech Co., Ltd. Dongguan 523325, China
| | - Xiaoxin Chen
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523325, China
- Guangdong Raynovent Biotech Co., Ltd. Dongguan 523325, China
| | - Jinliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Guangdong Zhongsheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523325, China
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Takkis K, Veigure R, Metsvaht T, Hallik M, Ilmoja ML, Starkopf J, Kipper K. A sensitive method for the simultaneous UHPLC-MS/MS analysis of milrinone and dobutamine in blood plasma using NH 4F as the eluent additive and ascorbic acid as a stabilizer. Clin Mass Spectrom 2019; 12:23-29. [PMID: 34841076 PMCID: PMC8620135 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinms.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to develop and validate an HPLC-MS/MS method suitable for quantifying two important cardiovascular drugs, milrinone and dobutamine, in neonatal and paediatric patients' blood plasma samples. Sufficiently low LLOQ levels were required to obtain adequate pharmacokinetic data for the evaluation of optimal dosing. Since the specifics of the patient group set some restrictions on the available sample volume, the method was designed to use only 20 µL of plasma for the analysis. Analytes were separated chromatographically in a biphenyl column using a conventional water-methanol-formic acid eluent with the addition of ammonium fluoride. The latter provided a significant signal enhancement in positive ion mode detection for both analytes allowing the LLOQ to reach below 1 ng/mL. Matrix matched calibration was linear in the range of 1-300 ng/mL, between-run accuracy remained within 107-115%, and precision within 4.8-7.4% for both analytes over the calibration range (including LLOQ level). Dobutamine degradation in plasma samples was prevented by the usage of ascorbic acid. The method was applied to plasma samples of neonates from two pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics studies (n = 38).
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Key Words
- Ammonium fluoride
- Ascorbic acid
- CCBV, calculated circulating blood volume
- CPD, citrate phosphate dextrose
- CV, coefficient of variation
- Dobutamine
- EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- EMA, European Medicines Agency
- ESI, electrospray ionisation
- EU, European Union
- IS, internal standard
- LC, liquid chromotography
- LLOQ, lowest limit of quantification
- MED, quality control sample at the concentration between ULOQ and 3xLLOQ
- MF, matrix factor
- MRM, multiple reaction monitoring
- MS, mass spectrometry
- MS/MS, tandem mass spectrometry
- MeOH, methanol
- Milrinone
- NH4F, ammonium fluoride
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- PD, pharmacodynamics
- PK, pharmacokinetics
- QC, quality control sample
- Signal enhancement
- TOC, total organic carbon
- UHPLC, ultra-high performance liquid chromotography
- UHPLC-MS/MS
- ULOQ, upper limit of quantification
- cAMP, cyclic 3,5 adenosine monophosphate
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalev Takkis
- University of Tartu, Institute of Chemistry, 14a Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Analytical Services International, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Rūta Veigure
- University of Tartu, Institute of Chemistry, 14a Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tuuli Metsvaht
- Tartu University Hospital, Lunini 6, 51014 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maarja Hallik
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tartu University, L. Puusepa 8 - G1. 209, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Tallinn Children's Hospital, Tervise 28, 13419 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Mari-Liis Ilmoja
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Tallinn Children's Hospital, Tervise 28, 13419 Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Joel Starkopf
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Tartu University, L. Puusepa 8 - G1. 209, 50406 Tartu, Estonia
- Clinic of Anaesthesiology an Intensive Care, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Karin Kipper
- University of Tartu, Institute of Chemistry, 14a Ravila Street, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
- Analytical Services International, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, United Kingdom
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Hevener K, Verstak TA, Lutat KE, Riggsbee DL, Mooney JW. Recent developments in topoisomerase-targeted cancer chemotherapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:844-861. [PMID: 30505655 PMCID: PMC6251812 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The DNA topoisomerase enzymes are essential to cell function and are found ubiquitously in all domains of life. The various topoisomerase enzymes perform a wide range of functions related to the maintenance of DNA topology during DNA replication, and transcription are the targets of a wide range of antimicrobial and cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Natural product-derived agents, such as the camptothecin, anthracycline, and podophyllotoxin drugs, have seen broad use in the treatment of many types of cancer. Selective targeting of the topoisomerase enzymes for cancer treatment continues to be a highly active area of basic and clinical research. The focus of this review will be to summarize the current state of the art with respect to clinically used topoisomerase inhibitors for targeted cancer treatment and to discuss the pharmacology and chemistry of promising new topoisomerase inhibitors in clinical and pre-clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- KirkE. Hevener
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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Bein A, Shin W, Jalili-Firoozinezhad S, Park MH, Sontheimer-Phelps A, Tovaglieri A, Chalkiadaki A, Kim HJ, Ingber DE. Microfluidic Organ-on-a-Chip Models of Human Intestine. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 5:659-68. [PMID: 29713674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic organ-on-a-chip models of human intestine have been developed and used to study intestinal physiology and pathophysiology. In this article, we review this field and describe how microfluidic Intestine Chips offer new capabilities not possible with conventional culture systems or organoid cultures, including the ability to analyze contributions of individual cellular, chemical, and physical control parameters one-at-a-time; to coculture human intestinal cells with commensal microbiome for extended times; and to create human-relevant disease models. We also discuss potential future applications of human Intestine Chips, including how they might be used for drug development and personalized medicine.
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Ettienne EB, Chapman E, Maneno M, Ofoegbu A, Wilson B, Settles-Reaves B, Clarke M, Dunston G, Rosenblatt K. Pharmacogenomics-guided policy in opioid use disorder (OUD) management: An ethnically-diverse case-based approach. Addict Behav Rep 2017; 6:8-14. [PMID: 29450233 PMCID: PMC5800559 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Opioid use disorder (OUD) is characterized by a problematic pattern of opioid use leading to clinically-significant impairment or distress. Opioid agonist treatment is an integral component of OUD management, and buprenorphine is often utilized in OUD management due to strong clinical evidence for efficacy. However, interindividual genetic differences in buprenorphine metabolism may result in variable treatment response, leaving some patients undertreated and at increased risk for relapse. Clinical pharmacogenomics studies the effect that inherited genetic variations have on drug response. Our objective is to demonstrate the impact of pharmacogenetic testing on OUD management outcomes. METHODS We analyzed a patient who reported discomfort at daily buprenorphine dose of 24 mg, which was a mandated daily maximum by the pharmacy benefits manager. Regular urine screenings were conducted to detect the presence of unauthorized substances, and pharmacogenetic testing was used to determine the appropriate dose of buprenorphine for OUD management. RESULTS At the 24 mg buprenorphine daily dose, the patient had multiple relapses with unauthorized substances. Pharmacogenetic testing revealed that the patient exhibited a cytochrome P450 3A4 ultrarapid metabolizer phenotype, which necessitated a higher than recommended daily dose of buprenorphine (32 mg) for adequate OUD management. The patient exhibited a reduction in the number of relapses on the pharmacogenetic-based dose recommendation compared to standard dosing. CONCLUSION Pharmacogenomic testing as clinical decision support helped to individualize OUD management. Collaboration by key stakeholders is essential to establishing pharmacogenetic testing as standard of care in OUD management.
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Key Words
- APA, American Psychiatric Association
- ASAM, American Society of Addiction Medicine
- ASIPP, American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians
- Buprenorphine
- CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- CLIA, Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments
- CYP3A4, cytochrome P450 3A4
- DSM-V, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition
- EM, extensive metabolizer
- IM, intermediate metabolizer
- NSDUH, National Survey on Drug Use and Health
- OAT, opioid agonist treatment
- OUD, opioid use disorder
- Opioid agonist treatment
- Opioid use disorder
- PBM, pharmacy benefits manager
- PD, pharmacodynamics
- PHM, Population Health Management
- PK, pharmacokinetics
- PM, poor metabolizer
- Pharmacogenomics
- Policy
- SUD, substance use disorder
- UM, ultrarapid metabolizer
- WHO, World Health Organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Earl B. Ettienne
- Howard University College of Pharmacy, 2300 4th St NW, Washington, DC 20059, United States
| | - Edwin Chapman
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health Sciences, Howard University Hospital, 2041 Georgia Avenue, NW, Suite 5B01, Washington, DC 20060, United States
| | - Mary Maneno
- Howard University College of Pharmacy, 2300 4th St NW, Washington, DC 20059, United States
| | - Adaku Ofoegbu
- Howard University College of Pharmacy, 2300 4th St NW, Washington, DC 20059, United States
| | - Bradford Wilson
- National Human Genome Center at Howard University, 2041 Georgia Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20060, United States
| | - Beverlyn Settles-Reaves
- Howard University Department of Community and Family Medicine, Towers Building, Suite 3600, 2041 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20060, United States
| | - Melissa Clarke
- National Human Genome Center at Howard University, 2041 Georgia Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20060, United States
| | - Georgia Dunston
- National Human Genome Center at Howard University, 2041 Georgia Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20060, United States
| | - Kevin Rosenblatt
- Consultative Genomics, PLLC, 5909 West Loop South, Suite 310, Bellaire, TX 77401, United States
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Peng K, Xu K, Liu L, Hendricks R, Delarosa R, Erickson R, Budha N, Leabman M, Song A, Kaur S, Fischer SK. Critical role of bioanalytical strategies in investigation of clinical PK observations, a Phase I case study. MAbs 2015; 6:1500-8. [PMID: 25484037 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.36208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
RG7652 is a human immunoglobulin 1 (IgG1) monoclonal antibody (mAb) targeting proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and is designed for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. A target-binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to measure RG7652 levels in human serum in a Phase I study. Although target-binding assay formats are generally used to quantify free therapeutic, the actual therapeutic species being measured are affected by assay conditions, such as sample dilution and incubation time, and levels of soluble target in the samples. Therefore, in the presence of high concentrations of circulating target, the choice of reagents and assay conditions can have a significant effect on the observed pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles. Phase I RG7652 PK analysis using the ELISA data resulted in a nonlinear dose normalized exposure. An investigation was conducted to characterize the ELISA to determine whether the assay format and reagents may have contributed to the PK observation. In addition, to confirm the ELISA results, a second orthogonal method, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using a signature peptide as surrogate, was developed and implemented. A subset of PK samples, randomly selected from half of the subjects in the 6 single ascending dose (SAD) cohorts in the Phase I clinical study, was analyzed with the LC-MS/MS assay, and the data were found to be comparable to the ELISA data. This paper illustrates the importance of reagent characterization, as well as the benefits of using an orthogonal approach to eliminate bioanalytical contributions when encountering unexpected observations.
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Key Words
- 5, 5′-tetramethylbenzidine;
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CDR, complementarity-determining region
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- HRP, horseradish peroxidase
- IS, internal standard
- IgG1, immunoglobulin G1
- LC-MS/MS
- LC-MS/MS, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
- LDL-c, low density lipoprotein cholesterol
- LDLR, low density lipoprotein receptor
- LLOQ, lower limit of quantification
- MAD, multiple-ascending dose
- MQC, minimum quantifiable concentration
- MRM, multiple reaction monitoring
- NHS, normal human sera
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PCSK9, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9;
- PD, pharmacodynamics
- PK, pharmacokinetics
- RG7652
- RT, room temperature
- S/N, signal-to-noise
- SA, streptavidin
- SAD, single-ascending dose
- SIL, stable isotope-labeled
- TMB, 3, 3′
- clinical pharmacokinetic assay
- enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- mAbs, monoclonal antibodies
- proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9
- rhuPCSK9, recombinant human PCSK9
- signature peptide
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Peng
- a Department of BioAnalytical Sciences; Genentech Inc ; South San Francisco , CA USA
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Colbert A, Umble-Romero A, Prokop S, Chow VFS, Wong T, DeSimone D, Zhou L, Pederson S. Bioanalytical strategy used in development of pharmacokinetic (PK) methods that support biosimilar programs. MAbs 2014; 6:1178-89. [PMID: 25517303 PMCID: PMC4623269 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.32114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of biosimilar products is expected to grow rapidly over the next five years as a large number of approved biologics reach patent expiry. The pathway to regulatory approval requires that similarity of the biosimilar to the reference product be demonstrated through physiochemical and structural characterization, as well as within in vivo studies that compare the safety and efficacy profiles of the products. To support nonclinical and clinical studies pharmacokinetic (PK) assays are required to measure the biosimilar and reference products with comparable precision and accuracy. The most optimal approach is to develop a single PK assay, using a single analytical standard, for quantitative measurement of the biosimilar and reference products in serum matrix. Use of a single PK assay for quantification of multiple products requires a scientifically sound testing strategy to evaluate bioanalytical comparability of the test products within the method, and provide a solid data package to support the conclusions. To meet these objectives, a comprehensive approach with scientific rigor was applied to the development and characterization of PK assays that are used in support of biosimilar programs. Herein we describe the bioanalytical strategy and testing paradigm that has been used across several programs to determine bioanalytical comparability of the biosimilar and reference products. Data from one program is presented, with statistical results demonstrating the biosimilar and reference products were bioanalytically equivalent within the method. The cumulative work has established a framework for future biosimilar PK assay development.
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Key Words
- ART, ambient room temperature
- Avg, Average
- BE, bioequivalence
- BQL, Below the Quantification Limit
- CV, Coefficient of Variation
- ECL, Electrochemiluminescent
- LLOQ, Lower Limit of Quantification
- MRD, minimum required dilution
- MSD, Meso Scale Discovery
- PD, pharmacodynamics
- PK, pharmacokinetic
- TPA, Tripropylamine
- ULOQ, Upper Limit of Quantification
- bioanalytical
- biosimilar
- biotherapeutics
- comparability
- pharmacodynamics
- pharmacokinetic
- recombinant
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Colbert
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism; Amgen Inc.; USA
| | | | - Samantha Prokop
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism; Amgen Inc.; USA
| | | | - Teresa Wong
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism; Amgen Inc.; USA
| | | | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism; Amgen Inc.; USA
| | - Susan Pederson
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism; Amgen Inc.; USA
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