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Abbas M, Mason T, Ibad A, Khraiwesh M, Apprey V, Kanaan Y, Wilson B, Dunston G, Ricks-Santi L, Brim H. Genetic Polymorphisms in IL-10 Promoter Are Associated With Smoking and Prostate Cancer Risk in African Americans. Anticancer Res 2020; 40:27-34. [PMID: 31892550 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.13923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Even though prostate cancer (PCa) has good prognosis, there is a discrepancy in the risk among ethnic groups, with high morbidity in African American men. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in interleukin 10 (IL-10) have been associated with inflammation and cancer risk. We investigated the association of five SNPs in the IL-10 promoter with clinical features such as Gleason score and smoking. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 413 DNA samples were obtained from a nested case-control study of African American males who were genotyped for 5 SNPs utilizing pyrosequencing. Multiple and binary logistic regression models were applied to analyze the clinical and genotypic data. RESULTS rs12122923 and rs1800871 were associated with PCa risk. Smoking was also found to increase the risk of PCa by 1.6-fold. rs1800893 was found to be associated with lower grades for prostate cancer. CONCLUSION IL-10 promoter polymorphisms might be a risk factor for PCa development in smoking subjects and PCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneer Abbas
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University, Washington, DC, U.S.A. .,The National Human Genome Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, U.S.A
| | - Tshela Mason
- The National Human Genome Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, U.S.A
| | - Aliza Ibad
- The National Human Genome Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, U.S.A
| | - Mozna Khraiwesh
- Experimental Therapeutics Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, U.S.A
| | - Victor Apprey
- The National Human Genome Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, U.S.A
| | - Yasmine Kanaan
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University, Washington, DC, U.S.A
| | - Bradford Wilson
- The National Human Genome Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, U.S.A
| | - Georgia Dunston
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University, Washington, DC, U.S.A
| | | | - Hassan Brim
- Department of Pathology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC, U.S.A
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Ekoru K, Doumatey A, Bentley AR, Chen G, Zhou J, Shriner D, Fasanmade O, Okafor G, Eghan B, Agyenim-Boateng K, Adeleye J, Balogun W, Amoah A, Acheampong J, Johnson T, Oli J, Adebamowo C, Collins F, Dunston G, Adeyemo A, Rotimi C. Type 2 diabetes complications and comorbidity in Sub-Saharan Africans. EClinicalMedicine 2019; 16:30-41. [PMID: 31832618 PMCID: PMC6890980 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Context-specific evidence of the spectrum of type 2 diabetes (T2D) burden is essential for setting priorities and designing interventions to reduce associated morbidity and mortality. However, there are currently limited data on the burden of T2D complications and comorbidity in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). METHODS T2D complications and comorbidities were assessed in 2,784 participants with diabetes enrolled from tertiary health centres and contextualised in 3,209 individuals without diabetes in Nigeria, Ghana and Kenya. T2D complications and comorbidities evaluated included cardiometabolic, ocular, neurological and renal characteristics. FINDINGS The most common complications/comorbidities among the T2D participants were hypertension (71%; 95% CI 69-73), hyperlipidaemia (34%; 95% CI 32-36), and obesity (27%; 95% CI 25-29). Additionally, the prevalence of cataracts was 32% (95% CI 30-35), diabetic retinopathy 15% (95% CI 13-17), impaired renal function 13% (95% CI 12-15), and erectile dysfunction (in men) 35% (95% CI 32-38). T2D population-attributable fraction for these comorbidities ranged between 6 and 64%. INTERPRETATION The burden of diabetes complications and comorbidity is substantial in SSA highlighting the urgent need for innovative public health strategies that prioritise promotion of healthy lifestyles for prevention and early detection of T2D. Also needed are strategies to strengthen health care system capacities to provide treatment and care for diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Ekoru
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ayo Doumatey
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy R. Bentley
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Guanjie Chen
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jie Zhou
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Shriner
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Albert Amoah
- University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Johnnie Oli
- University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Clement Adebamowo
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Georgia Dunston
- National Human Genome Center at Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Adebowale Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Charles Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Corresponding authors.
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Ettienne EB, Chapman E, Maneno M, Ofoegbu A, Wilson B, Settles-Reaves B, Clarke M, Dunston G, Rosenblatt K. Pharmacogenomics-guided policy in opioid use disorder (OUD) management: An ethnically-diverse case-based approach. Addict Behav Rep 2017; 6:8-14. [PMID: 29450233 PMCID: PMC5800559 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Opioid use disorder (OUD) is characterized by a problematic pattern of opioid use leading to clinically-significant impairment or distress. Opioid agonist treatment is an integral component of OUD management, and buprenorphine is often utilized in OUD management due to strong clinical evidence for efficacy. However, interindividual genetic differences in buprenorphine metabolism may result in variable treatment response, leaving some patients undertreated and at increased risk for relapse. Clinical pharmacogenomics studies the effect that inherited genetic variations have on drug response. Our objective is to demonstrate the impact of pharmacogenetic testing on OUD management outcomes. METHODS We analyzed a patient who reported discomfort at daily buprenorphine dose of 24 mg, which was a mandated daily maximum by the pharmacy benefits manager. Regular urine screenings were conducted to detect the presence of unauthorized substances, and pharmacogenetic testing was used to determine the appropriate dose of buprenorphine for OUD management. RESULTS At the 24 mg buprenorphine daily dose, the patient had multiple relapses with unauthorized substances. Pharmacogenetic testing revealed that the patient exhibited a cytochrome P450 3A4 ultrarapid metabolizer phenotype, which necessitated a higher than recommended daily dose of buprenorphine (32 mg) for adequate OUD management. The patient exhibited a reduction in the number of relapses on the pharmacogenetic-based dose recommendation compared to standard dosing. CONCLUSION Pharmacogenomic testing as clinical decision support helped to individualize OUD management. Collaboration by key stakeholders is essential to establishing pharmacogenetic testing as standard of care in OUD management.
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Key Words
- APA, American Psychiatric Association
- ASAM, American Society of Addiction Medicine
- ASIPP, American Society of Interventional Pain Physicians
- Buprenorphine
- CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- CLIA, Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments
- CYP3A4, cytochrome P450 3A4
- DSM-V, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition
- EM, extensive metabolizer
- IM, intermediate metabolizer
- NSDUH, National Survey on Drug Use and Health
- OAT, opioid agonist treatment
- OUD, opioid use disorder
- Opioid agonist treatment
- Opioid use disorder
- PBM, pharmacy benefits manager
- PD, pharmacodynamics
- PHM, Population Health Management
- PK, pharmacokinetics
- PM, poor metabolizer
- Pharmacogenomics
- Policy
- SUD, substance use disorder
- UM, ultrarapid metabolizer
- WHO, World Health Organization
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Affiliation(s)
- Earl B. Ettienne
- Howard University College of Pharmacy, 2300 4th St NW, Washington, DC 20059, United States
| | - Edwin Chapman
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health Sciences, Howard University Hospital, 2041 Georgia Avenue, NW, Suite 5B01, Washington, DC 20060, United States
| | - Mary Maneno
- Howard University College of Pharmacy, 2300 4th St NW, Washington, DC 20059, United States
| | - Adaku Ofoegbu
- Howard University College of Pharmacy, 2300 4th St NW, Washington, DC 20059, United States
| | - Bradford Wilson
- National Human Genome Center at Howard University, 2041 Georgia Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20060, United States
| | - Beverlyn Settles-Reaves
- Howard University Department of Community and Family Medicine, Towers Building, Suite 3600, 2041 Georgia Ave NW, Washington, DC 20060, United States
| | - Melissa Clarke
- National Human Genome Center at Howard University, 2041 Georgia Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20060, United States
| | - Georgia Dunston
- National Human Genome Center at Howard University, 2041 Georgia Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20060, United States
| | - Kevin Rosenblatt
- Consultative Genomics, PLLC, 5909 West Loop South, Suite 310, Bellaire, TX 77401, United States
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Ricks-Santi L, McDonald JT, Gold B, Dean M, Thompson N, Abbas M, Wilson B, Kanaan Y, Naab TJ, Dunston G. Next Generation Sequencing Reveals High Prevalence of BRCA1 and BRCA2 Variants of Unknown Significance in Early-Onset Breast Cancer in African American Women. Ethn Dis 2017; 27:169-178. [PMID: 28439188 DOI: 10.18865/ed.27.2.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variants of unknown significance (VUSs) have been identified in BRCA1 and BRCA2 and account for the majority of all identified sequence alterations. Notably, VUSs occur disproportionately in people of African descent hampering breast cancer (BCa) management and prevention efforts in the population. Our study sought to identify and characterize mutations associated with increased risk of BCa at young age. METHODS In our study, the spectrum of mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 was enumerated in a cohort of 31 African American women of early age at onset breast cancer, with a family history of breast or cancer in general and/or with triple negative breast cancer. To improve the characterization of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants, bioinformatics tools were utilized to predict the potential function of each of the variants. RESULTS Using next generation sequencing methods and in silico analysis of variants, a total of 197 BRCA1 and 266 BRCA2 variants comprising 77 unique variants were identified in 31 patients. Of the 77 unique variants, one (1.3%) was a pathogenic frameshift mutation (rs80359304; BRCA2 Met591Ile), 13 (16.9%) were possibly pathogenic, 34 (44.2%) were benign, and 29 (37.7%) were VUSs. Genetic epidemiological approaches were used to determine the association with variant, haplotype, and phenotypes, such as age at diagnosis, family history of cancer and family history of breast cancer. There were 5 BRCA1 SNPs associated with age at diagnosis; rs1799966 (P=.045; Log Additive model), rs16942 (P=.033; Log Additive model), rs1799949 (P=.058; Log Additive model), rs373413425 (P=.040 and .023; Dominant and Log Additive models, respectively) and rs3765640 (P=.033 Log Additive model). Additionally, a haplotype composed of all 5 SNPs was found to be significantly associated with younger age at diagnosis using linear regression modeling (P=.023). Specifically, the haplotype containing all the variant alleles was associated with older age at diagnosis (OR= 5.03 95% CI=.91-9.14). CONCLUSIONS Knowing a patient's BRCA mutation status is important for prevention and treatment decision-making. Improving the characterization of mutations will lead to better management, treatment, and BCa prevention efforts in African Americans who are disproportionately affected with aggressive BCa and may inform future precision medicine genomic-based clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bert Gold
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Michael Dean
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland
| | | | - Muneer Abbas
- National Human Genome Center, Howard University Department of Community and Family Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Bradford Wilson
- National Human Genome Center, Howard University Department of Community and Family Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Yasmine Kanaan
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | | | - Georgia Dunston
- National Human Genome Center, Howard University Department of Community and Family Medicine, Washington, DC.,Department of Microbiology, Howard University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
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Swanson G, Miller S, Alyahyawi A, Wilson B, Saadatmand F, Lee C, Dunston G, Abbas M. Genetic polymorphisms in the serotonin receptor 7 (HTR7) gene are associated with cortisol levels in African American young adults. F1000Res 2017. [DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.10442.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Serotonin is a neurohormone involved in biological processes, such as behavior and immune function. Chronic psychosocial stressors may cause serotonin release resulting in immune system dysregulation, as evidenced by increased or far decreased levels of cortisol, a blood biomarker of stress and immune function. We hypothesize that genetic polymorphisms in the HTR7 gene are associated with both hypo- and hyper-cortisolism. Methods: The study population included 602 African American subjects between 18-34 years of age, living in Washington, D.C. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in HTR7, rs2420367, rs12412496, rs2185706, rs7089533, and rs7093602 were genotyped by restriction fragment length polymorphism or the TaqMan assay. Statistical analysis, using the program SNPstat, was performed to determine their associations with cortisol measured in the study population. Results: While an increased risk of hypocortisolism was found to be associated with rs2420367, rs2185706, and rs7093602 in a gender specific manner, no genotypes could be associated with hypercortisolism. Inversely, a decreased risk of hypocortisolism was found with the haplotype CGGCC (p=0.033), which remained significant in males. When adjusting for gender, females associated with the haplotype AGACC. Hypercortisolism was also associated with a decreased risk for the haplotypes AAACC (p=0.042) and AAGTT (p=0.001). Discussion: Based on these results, genetic variation in the HTR7 gene may contribute to both stress and inflammation, and will provide a new glimpse into stress-related inflammation psychophysiology.
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Abbas M, Berka N, Khraiwesh M, Ramadan A, Apprey V, Furbert-Harris P, Quinn T, Brim H, Dunston G. Genetic Polymorphisms of TLR4 and MICA are Associated with Severity of Trachoma Disease in Tanzania. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2. [PMID: 27559544 PMCID: PMC4993598 DOI: 10.16966/2470-1025.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aim To examine the association of TLR4 Asp299Gly and MICA exon 5 microsatellites polymorphisms with severity of trachoma in a sub-Saharan East Africa population of Tanzanian villagers. Methods The samples were genotyped for MICA exon 5 microsatellites and the TLR4 299 A/G polymorphism by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP), and GeneScan®, respectively. The association of TLR4 Asp299Gly and MICA exon 5 microsatellites with inflammatory trachoma (TI) and trichiasis (TI) were examined. Results The results showed an association between TLR4 and MICA polymorphisms and trachoma disease severity, as well as with protection. TLR4 an allele was significantly associated with inflammatory trachoma (p=0.0410), while the G allele (p=0.0410) was associated with protection. Conclusion TLR4 and MICA may modulate the risk of severity to trachoma disease by modulating the immune response to Ct. In addition; the increased frequency of MICA-A9 heterozygote in controls may suggest a positive selection of these alleles in adaptation to environments where Ct is endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneer Abbas
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Mozna Khraiwesh
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Drug Discovery, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Ali Ramadan
- Department of Pathology, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Victor Apprey
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Community Health and Family Medicine, Howard University, Washington DC, USA
| | | | - Thomas Quinn
- International Health, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore Maryland, USA
| | - Hassan Brim
- Department of Pathology, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Georgia Dunston
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
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Brown C, McDonald J, Abbas M, Dunston G, Kanaan Y, Ricks-Santi L. Abstract B22: BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutational spectra in African American men with prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.disp15-b22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Mutations in BRCA1/2 increase the risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Notably, in studies of Ashkenazi Jewish men, BRCA1/2 mutations have also been found to increase the risk of prostate cancer. Fortunately, for men and women with unequivocal BRCA1/2 mutations, treatment guidelines are available consequently leading to improved outcomes. Given the high incidence and mortality rates of prostate cancer (PCa) in African American men, we sought to determine impact, as well as the mutational spectra of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in African American men with hereditary prostate. Methods: For this study, DNA from PCa patients with and without a family history of breast (n=9) or ovarian (n=2) (OvCa) cancer were interrogated using targeted next generation sequencing of BRCA1 and BRCA2 coding region and exon-intron boundaries. Fifteen individual samples (mean age= 56.47 years; Range= 45-71 years) were sequenced along with a 16th sample which contained a pool of 25 individuals (mean age=59.17 years; Range=50-69 years) with no reported family history of breast or ovarian cancer. Results: Next generation sequencing results displayed 776,731 read with an average of 133 base pairs per read. There was a minimum coverage of 100x with an average of 250x; each sample averaged 13 variants. There were 205 (15.5%) heterozygous and homozygous variant calls for which 197 (96.1%) were SNPs and 8 (3.9%) were deletions. Specifically, 131 (63.9%) and 74 (36.1%) variants were found in BRCA2 and BRCA1, respectively. Of the 48 unique variants, 14 (29.2%) were found in exons. Importantly, 7 (46.67%) of the exonic variants, mainly rs766173, rs180426, rs144848, rs1799944, rs2227943, 37218874, and rs4986850, were differentially found in those with a family history of BCa or OvCa compared to those without. In particular, rs766173, rs180426, rs1799944, and rs37218874 variants were found in those who reported a family history of BCa or OvCa, although the frequencies were low. Of the 7 exonic variants, 2 were potentially damaging as determined by bioinformatics analysis, 3 were likely benign, and 2 were variants of unknown significance. However, none were unequivocally pathogenic. Conclusions: Like their African American breast cancer counterparts, the impact of BRCA1 and BRCA2 on prostate cancer remains unknown due to the high frequency of variants of unknown significance. Therefore, functional studies of these variants are warranted. The identification of genetic and molecular mechanisms associated with carcinogenesis will allow clinicians to personalize prevention, management, and treatment strategies.
Citation Format: Cha'Tonya Brown, John McDonald, Muneer Abbas, Georgia Dunston, Yasmine Kanaan, Luisel Ricks-Santi. BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutational spectra in African American men with prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B22.
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Abbas MM, Mason T, Ricks-Santi L, Apprey V, Kittles R, Ahaghotu C, Dunston G. Abstract B16: IL-10 promoter polymorphisms are associated with prostate cancer risk in African Americans. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.disp15-b16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background: African American men have the highest rates of prostate cancer (PCa) worldwide and immunogenetic studies suggest emerging evidence that prostate inflammation may contribute to prostatic carcinogenesis. Since genetic susceptibility is an etiological factor in PCa, we hypothesize that sequence variants in the promoter region of the IL-10 gene that regulate pro inflammatory cytokines, may modify individual susceptibility to this disease.
Methods: four SNPs in the promoter regions with allele frequency differences between Europeans and West Africans were genotyped using pyrosequencing in 538 unrelated men enrolled in a PCa genetic association study at the Howard University Hospital between 2000-2004.
Results: SNP rs12122923 was found to have the strongest association using the dominant (p=0.048) and the log additive (p=0.029) genetic models. rs1800871 was found to be associated with PCa using the log additive model(p=0.057). However, after adjusting for age, both SNPs became insignificantly associated with PCa.
Conclusions: This study showed an association between IL-10 promoter SNP variation and PCa. This supports the hypothesis that genetic variation in the inflammatory process can contribute to prostate cancer susceptibility. Research supported in part by NIH/NIGMS/MBRS/SCORE grant # S06GM008016.
Citation Format: Muneer M. Abbas, Tshela Mason, Luisel Ricks-Santi, Victor Apprey, Rick Kittles, Chiledum Ahaghotu, Georgia Dunston. IL-10 promoter polymorphisms are associated with prostate cancer risk in African Americans. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B16.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tshela Mason
- 2The National Human Genome Center, Washington, DC,
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Ricks-Santi L, McDonald J, Brown C, Prince L, Abbas M, Dunston G. Abstract B21: Targeted next-generation sequencing of hotspots in cancer genes in normal-tumor breast cancer patients of African ancestry reveals novel and known mutations. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7755.disp15-b21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Genomic profiling of primary tumors and their concomitant normal tissues has provided critical information about the mechanisms associated with carcinogenesis. Furthermore, while comprehensive analysis of breast tumors have yielded actionable findings, breast cancer (BCa) remains one of the most common cancers worldwide and BCa incidences and mortality rates vary by population reflecting health disparities resulting from socioeconomic and biologic factors. Given that African American (AA) BCa cases often display distinctly worse clinicopathological features, we hypothesize that interrogating tumors from AAs could significantly aid in understanding the drivers of BCa carcinogenesis specifically in this population. These findings would aid in the identification of significantly mutated genes leading to the development of interventions for improved drug targeting of tumors in these populations with African Ancestry that display an increase propensity for harboring these previously unknown somatic variants. Methods: For this study, DNA from 16 normal and tumor tissue pairs from the “African American Familial Breast Cancer Study” (AAFBC) were utilized. Using targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, libraries for the Ion AmpliSeq™Cancer Hotspot Panel v2 (CHPv2) panel were created using 20ng of DNA and each sample was assigned a unique barcode. The CHPv2 is a commercially available primer pool for targeted NGS that amplifies 207 regions within 50 oncogenes for a total of 31kb. The resulting libraries were quantified and pooled with unequal volumes to allow varying depth of coverage between the matched tumor and normal pairs. The samples were sequenced on the Ion Personal Genome Machine™ (PGM™) System with a 316v2 chip. Sequence data from the PGM was processed using the Ion Torrent Suite v4 software package. Single nucleotide variants (SNVs), multi-nucleotide polymorphisms (MNPs), insertions or deletions were identified using Torrent Variant Caller Plugin v.4.6.0.7. Results: Sequencing resulted in 3,241,580 total usable reads with an average length of 126bp. The average coverage was 667x for tumor tissues and 165x for matched normal tissues. There were 88 unique variants representing 528 total variants with an average of 16.5 variants per sample. Of these, there were 52 germline variants that were expressed by both the normal and tumor samples. Five of these variants displayed a loss of one allele resulting in one homozygous (FGFR3) and 4 heterozygous mutations (PDGFRA, STK11 and ERBB4). The remaining 36 variants were somatic mutations of which 20 were novel and 16 have been described previously. The coding consequences were 56% missense mutations, 28% synonymous mutations, 8% frameshifts and 6% in-frame deletions. The most common coding mutations found in at least 3 patients were in TP53, SMARCB1, CDKN2A, NOTCH1 and PIK3CA.
Citation Format: Luisel Ricks-Santi, John McDonald, Cha'Tonya Brown, Latiffany Prince, Muneer Abbas, Georgia Dunston. Targeted next-generation sequencing of hotspots in cancer genes in normal-tumor breast cancer patients of African ancestry reveals novel and known mutations. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B21.
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Kurian P, Dunston G, Lindesay J. How quantum entanglement in DNA synchronizes double-strand breakage by type II restriction endonucleases. J Theor Biol 2016; 391:102-12. [PMID: 26682627 PMCID: PMC4746125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Macroscopic quantum effects in living systems have been studied widely in pursuit of fundamental explanations for biological energy transport and sensing. While it is known that type II endonucleases, the largest class of restriction enzymes, induce DNA double-strand breaks by attacking phosphodiester bonds, the mechanism by which simultaneous cutting is coordinated between the catalytic centers remains unclear. We propose a quantum mechanical model for collective electronic behavior in the DNA helix, where dipole-dipole oscillations are quantized through boundary conditions imposed by the enzyme. Zero-point modes of coherent oscillations would provide the energy required for double-strand breakage. Such quanta may be preserved in the presence of thermal noise by the enzyme's displacement of water surrounding the DNA recognition sequence. The enzyme thus serves as a decoherence shield. Palindromic mirror symmetry of the enzyme-DNA complex should conserve parity, because symmetric bond-breaking ceases when the symmetry of the complex is violated or when physiological parameters are perturbed from optima. Persistent correlations in DNA across longer spatial separations-a possible signature of quantum entanglement-may be explained by such a mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kurian
- National Human Genome Center, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA; Computational Physics Laboratory, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
| | - G Dunston
- National Human Genome Center, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA; Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA
| | - J Lindesay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA; Computational Physics Laboratory, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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Adeyemo AA, Tekola-Ayele F, Doumatey AP, Bentley AR, Chen G, Huang H, Zhou J, Shriner D, Fasanmade O, Okafor G, Eghan B, Agyenim-Boateng K, Adeleye J, Balogun W, Elkahloun A, Chandrasekharappa S, Owusu S, Amoah A, Acheampong J, Johnson T, Oli J, Adebamowo C, Collins F, Dunston G, Rotimi CN. Evaluation of Genome Wide Association Study Associated Type 2 Diabetes Susceptibility Loci in Sub Saharan Africans. Front Genet 2015; 6:335. [PMID: 26635871 PMCID: PMC4656823 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2015.00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome wide association studies (GWAS) for type 2 diabetes (T2D) undertaken in European and Asian ancestry populations have yielded dozens of robustly associated loci. However, the genomics of T2D remains largely understudied in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where rates of T2D are increasing dramatically and where the environmental background is quite different than in these previous studies. Here, we evaluate 106 reported T2D GWAS loci in continental Africans. We tested each of these SNPs, and SNPs in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with these index SNPs, for an association with T2D in order to assess transferability and to fine map the loci leveraging the generally reduced LD of African genomes. The study included 1775 unrelated Africans (1035 T2D cases, 740 controls; mean age 54 years; 59% female) enrolled in Nigeria, Ghana, and Kenya as part of the Africa America Diabetes Mellitus (AADM) study. All samples were genotyped on the Affymetrix Axiom PanAFR SNP array. Forty-one of the tested loci showed transferability to this African sample (p < 0.05, same direction of effect), 11 at the exact reported SNP and 30 others at SNPs in LD with the reported SNP (after adjustment for the number of tested SNPs). TCF7L2 SNP rs7903146 was the most significant locus in this study (p = 1.61 × 10−8). Most of the loci that showed transferability were successfully fine-mapped, i.e., localized to smaller haplotypes than in the original reports. The findings indicate that the genetic architecture of T2D in SSA is characterized by several risk loci shared with non-African ancestral populations and that data from African populations may facilitate fine mapping of risk loci. The study provides an important resource for meta-analysis of African ancestry populations and transferability of novel loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebowale A Adeyemo
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Fasil Tekola-Ayele
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ayo P Doumatey
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amy R Bentley
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Guanjie Chen
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hanxia Huang
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jie Zhou
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Shriner
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Godfrey Okafor
- Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Benjamin Eghan
- Department of Medicine, University of Science and Technology Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Jokotade Adeleye
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Williams Balogun
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Abdel Elkahloun
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Samuel Owusu
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School Accra, Ghana
| | - Albert Amoah
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School Accra, Ghana
| | - Joseph Acheampong
- Department of Medicine, University of Science and Technology Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Thomas Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Lagos Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Johnnie Oli
- Department of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Clement Adebamowo
- Institute of Human Virology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Georgia Dunston
- National Human Genome Center at Howard University Washington, DC, USA
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda, MD, USA
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Masuko H, Rafaels NM, Huang L, Chavan S, Wilson JG, Williams LK, Ware LB, Ober C, Meyers DA, Hartert TV, Foreman M, Ford JG, Burchard EG, Bleecker ER, Dunston G, Taub M, Beaty TH, Ruczinski I, Mathias RA, Barnes KC. Imputation from 328 African Ancestry Genomes Reveals New Associations with Asthma in DPP10. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.12.1469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Vergara C, Murray T, Rafaels N, Lewis R, Campbell M, Foster C, Gao L, Faruque M, Oliveira RR, Carvalho E, Araujo MI, Cruz AA, Watson H, Mercado D, Knight-Madden J, Ruczinski I, Dunston G, Ford J, Caraballo L, Beaty TH, Mathias RA, Barnes KC. African ancestry is a risk factor for asthma and high total IgE levels in African admixed populations. Genet Epidemiol 2013; 37:393-401. [PMID: 23554133 DOI: 10.1002/gepi.21702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of genetic admixture of populations in the Americas and the Caribbean is of interest for anthropological, epidemiological, and historical reasons. Asthma has a higher prevalence and is more severe in populations with a high African component. Association of African ancestry with asthma has been demonstrated. We estimated admixture proportions of samples from six trihybrid populations of African descent and determined the relationship between African ancestry and asthma and total serum IgE levels (tIgE). We genotyped 237 ancestry informative markers in asthmatics and nonasthmatic controls from Barbados (190/277), Jamaica (177/529), Brazil (40/220), Colombia (508/625), African Americans from New York (207/171), and African Americans from Baltimore/Washington, D.C. (625/757). We estimated individual ancestries and evaluated genetic stratification using Structure and principal component analysis. Association of African ancestry and asthma and tIgE was evaluated by regression analysis. Mean ± SD African ancestry ranged from 0.76 ± 0.10 among Barbadians to 0.33 ± 0.13 in Colombians. The European component varied from 0.14 ± 0.05 among Jamaicans and Barbadians to 0.26 ± 0.08 among Colombians. African ancestry was associated with risk for asthma in Colombians (odds ratio (OR) = 4.5, P = 0.001) Brazilians (OR = 136.5, P = 0.003), and African Americans of New York (OR: 4.7; P = 0.040). African ancestry was also associated with higher tIgE levels among Colombians (β = 1.3, P = 0.04), Barbadians (β = 3.8, P = 0.03), and Brazilians (β = 1.6, P = 0.03). Our findings indicate that African ancestry can account for, at least in part, the association between asthma and its associated trait, tIgE levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candelaria Vergara
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Baltimore, MD, USA
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Ricks-Santi LJ, Apprey V, Mason T, Wilson B, Abbas M, Hernandez W, Hooker S, Doura M, Bonney G, Dunston G, Kittles R, Ahaghotu C. Identification of genetic risk associated with prostate cancer using ancestry informative markers. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2012; 15:359-64. [PMID: 22801071 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2012.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common malignancy and a leading cause of cancer death among men in the United States with African-American (AA) men having the highest incidence and mortality rates. Given recent results from admixture mapping and genome-wide association studies for PCa in AA men, it is clear that many risk alleles are enriched in men with West African genetic ancestry. METHODS A total of 77 ancestry informative markers (AIMs) within surrounding candidate gene regions were genotyped and haplotyped using Pyrosequencing in 358 unrelated men enrolled in a PCa genetic association study at the Howard University Hospital between 2000 and 2004. Sequence analysis of promoter region single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to evaluate disruption of transcription factor-binding sites was conducted using in silico methods. RESULTS Eight AIMs were significantly associated with PCa risk after adjusting for age and West African ancestry. SNP rs1993973 (intervening sequences) had the strongest association with PCa using the log-additive genetic model (P=0.002). SNPs rs1561131 (genotypic, P=0.007), rs1963562 (dominant, P=0.01) and rs615382 (recessive, P=0.009) remained highly significant after adjusting for both age and ancestry. We also tested the independent effect of each significantly associated SNP and rs1561131 (P=0.04) and rs1963562 (P=0.04) remained significantly associated with PCa development. After multiple comparisons testing using the false discovery rate, rs1993973 remained significant. Analysis of the rs156113-, rs1963562-rs615382l and rs1993973-rs585224 haplotypes revealed that the least frequently found haplotypes in this population were significantly associated with a decreased risk of PCa (P=0.032 and 0.0017, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The approach for SNP selection utilized herein showed that AIMs may not only leverage increased linkage disequilibrium in populations to identify risk and protective alleles, but may also be informative in dissecting the biology of PCa and other health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Ricks-Santi
- Division of Genetics, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20060, USA.
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Mantese V, Rafaels N, Murray T, Vergara C, Gao L, Araujo M, Caraballo L, Knight-Madden J, Ford J, Dunston G. Replication of a Genetic Association between Polymorphisms in KCNMA1 and Asthma in Six Populations of African Ancestry. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Mathias R, Rafaels N, Mantese V, Murray T, Vergara C, Gao L, Araujo M, Caraballo L, Knight-Madden J, Dunston G. The ORMDL3 Locus And Asthma In Four Populations Of African Ancestry. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Faruque M, Millis R, Dunston G, Kwagyan J, Bond V, Rotimi C, Davis T, Christie R, Campbell A. Association ofGNB3C825T Polymorphism with Peak Oxygen Consumption. Int J Sports Med 2009; 30:315-9. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1202259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gao L, Coe E, Campbell M, Yang M, Hand T, Rafaels N, Poloczek A, Watson H, Dunston G, Hansel N. Polymorphisms in Resistin (RETN) and Resistin-like Beta (RETNLB) and Risk of Asthma in Independent Populations of African Descent. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2008.12.623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Robbins CM, Hernandez W, Ahaghotu C, Bennett J, Hoke G, Mason T, Pettaway CA, Vijayakumar S, Weinrich S, Furbert-Harris P, Dunston G, Powell IJ, Carpten JD, Kittles RA. Association of HPC2/ELAC2 and RNASEL non-synonymous variants with prostate cancer risk in African American familial and sporadic cases. Prostate 2008; 68:1790-7. [PMID: 18767027 PMCID: PMC4097307 DOI: 10.1002/pros.20841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The RNASEL and HPC2/ELAC2 genes have been implicated in hereditary prostate cancer. Further assessment of the role of these genes in sporadic prostate cancer in African American men (AAM) is warranted. METHODS Genotyping of HPC2/ELAC2 variants (S217L, A541T), along with RNASEL variants (R462Q and E541D) was completed in 155 African American sporadic and 88 familial prostate cancer cases, and 296 healthy male controls. Logistic regression analysis was performed and odds ratios (OR) were calculated, while correcting for both age and population stratification using admixture informative markers. RESULTS The HPC2/ELAC2 217L allele was significantly associated with risk of prostate cancer when taking all cases into account (OR = 1.6; 1.0-2.6; P = 0.03). The RNASEL 541D allele was associated with a decrease in risk of prostate cancer in sporadic cases (OR = 0.4; 0.2-0.8; P = 0.01). We did not detect an association between prostate cancer risk and the RNASEL R462Q variant. Results from haplotype analyses of the two RNASEL variants revealed highly significant differences in haplotype allele frequencies between cases and controls suggesting a synergistic effect at the RNASEL locus. One haplotype in particular (462R-541D) is far more frequent in our control population and shows a strong protective effect against prostate cancer (OR = 0.47, P = 8.1 x 10(-9)). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that HPC2/ELAC2 and RNASEL may play a role, however minor, in prostate cancer risk among AAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane M. Robbins
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Division of Integrated Cancer Genomics, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Wenndy Hernandez
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | - Gerald Hoke
- Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, NY
| | | | - Curtis A. Pettaway
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Srinivasan Vijayakumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, UC Davis Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Sally Weinrich
- Medical College of Georgia, School of Nursing, Augusta, GA
| | | | - Georgia Dunston
- National Human Genome Center, Howard University, Washington, D.C
| | - Isaac J. Powell
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - John D. Carpten
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Division of Integrated Cancer Genomics, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Rick A. Kittles
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Vergara C, Tsai YJ, Grant AV, Rafaels N, Gao L, Hand T, Stockton M, Campbell M, Mercado D, Faruque M, Dunston G, Beaty TH, Oliveira RR, Ponte EV, Cruz AA, Carvalho E, Araujo MI, Watson H, Schleimer RP, Caraballo L, Nickel RG, Mathias RA, Barnes KC. Gene encoding Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines is associated with asthma and IgE in three populations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 178:1017-22. [PMID: 18827265 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200801-182oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Asthma prevalence and severity are high among underserved minorities, including those of African descent. The Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines is the receptor for Plasmodium vivax on erythrocytes and functions as a chemokine-clearing receptor. Unlike European populations, decreased expression of the receptor on erythrocytes is common among populations of African descent, and results from a functional T-46C polymorphism (rs2814778) in the promoter. This variant provides an evolutionary advantage in malaria-endemic regions, because Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines-negative erythrocytes are more resistant to infection by P. vivax. OBJECTIVES To determine the role of the rs2814778 polymorphism in asthma and atopy as measured by total serum IgE levels among four populations of African descent (African Caribbean, African American, Brazilian, and Colombian) and a European American population. METHODS Family-based association tests were performed in each of the five populations to test for association between the rs2814778 polymorphism and asthma or total IgE concentration. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Asthma was significantly associated with the rs2814778 polymorphism in the African Caribbean, Colombian, and Brazilian families (P < 0.05). High total IgE levels were associated with this variant in African Caribbean and Colombian families (P < 0.05). The variant allele was not polymorphic among European Americans. CONCLUSIONS Susceptibility to asthma and atopy among certain populations of African descent is influenced by a functional polymorphism in the gene encoding Duffy antigen/receptor for chemokines. This genetic variant, which confers resistance to malarial parasitic infection, may also partially explain ethnic differences in morbidity of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candelaria Vergara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
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21
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Abbas M, Bobo LD, Hsieh YH, Berka N, Dunston G, Bonney GE, Apprey V, Quinn TC, West SK. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B, DRB1, and DQB1 allotypes associated with disease and protection of trachoma endemic villagers. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008; 50:1734-8. [PMID: 18824733 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.08-2053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Trachoma remains the leading preventable infectious cause of blindness in developing countries. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) associations with ocular disease severity and persistent Chlamydia trachomatis infection of Tanzanians living in trachoma-endemic villages were examined to determine possible protective candidate allotypes for vaccine development. METHODS Buccal swab scrapes were taken from subjects in the Trichiasis Study Group (TSG), which studied females only, and the Family Trachoma Study (FTS), which compared persistently infected probands who had severe disease with disease-free siblings and parents. DNA was purified for polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific oligonucleotide identification of HLA-DRB1, DQB1, and B allotypes. Infection was detected from conjunctival scrapes using a C. trachomatis-specific PCR-enzyme immunoassay for the MOMP-1 gene. RESULTS In the TSG, DR*B11 (odds ratio [OR], 0.48; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.26-0.90; P=0.02) was significantly associated with lack of trichiasis, whereas HLA-B*07 (OR, 3.26; 95% CI, 1.42-7.49; P=0.004) and HLA-B*08 (OR, 5.12; 95% CI, 1.74-15.05; P=0.001) were associated with trichiasis. In addition, HLA-B*14 was significantly associated with inflammatory trachoma + follicular trachoma (OR, 3.76; 95% CI, 1.70-8.33; P=0.04). There were no significant allele frequencies for the FTS. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest that HLA-DRB*11 may offer protection from trichiasis in trachoma hyperendemic villages. Complete allotype identification and designation of its respective protective CD4(+) T-cell antigens could provide a testable candidate vaccine for blindness prevention. Additionally, buccal swab DNA was sufficiently stable when acquired under harsh field conditions and stored long term in the freezer for low-resolution HLA typing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneer Abbas
- National Human Genome Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
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22
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Gao L, Grant AV, Rafaels N, Stockton-Porter M, Watkins T, Gao P, Chi P, Muñoz M, Watson H, Dunston G, Togias A, Hansel N, Sevransky J, Maloney JP, Moss M, Shanholtz C, Brower R, Garcia JGN, Grigoryev DN, Cheadle C, Beaty TH, Mathias RA, Barnes KC. Polymorphisms in the myosin light chain kinase gene that confer risk of severe sepsis are associated with a lower risk of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007; 119:1111-8. [PMID: 17472811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2007.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Revised: 03/21/2007] [Accepted: 03/22/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myosin light chain kinase (MYLK) is a multifunctional protein involved in regulation of airway hyperreactivity and other activities relevant to asthma. OBJECTIVE To determine the role of MYLK gene variants in asthma among African Caribbean and African American populations. METHODS We performed association tests between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MYLK gene and asthma susceptibility and total serum IgE concentrations in 2 independent, family-based populations of African descent. Previously we identified variants/haplotypes in MYLK that confer risk for sepsis and acute lung injury; we compared findings from our asthma populations to findings in the African American sepsis and acute lung injury groups. RESULTS Significant associations between MYLK SNPs and asthma and total serum IgE concentrations were observed in the African Caribbean families: a promoter SNP (rs936170) in the smooth muscle form gave the strongest association (P = .009). A haplotype including rs936170 corresponding to the actin-binding activity of the nonmuscle and smooth muscle forms was negatively associated with asthma (eg, decreased risk) in both the American (P = .005) and Caribbean families (P = .004), and was the same haplotype that conferred risk for severe sepsis (P = .002). RNA expression studies on PBMCs and rs936170 suggested a significant decrease in MYLK expression among patients with asthma with this variant (P = .025). CONCLUSION MYLK polymorphisms may function as a common genetic factor in clinically distinct diseases involving bronchial smooth muscle contraction and inflammation. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Genetic variants in MYLK are significantly associated with both asthma and sepsis in populations of African ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Gao
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Gao L, Grant A, Chi P, Gao P, Stockton M, Watson H, Hansel N, Diette G, Dunston G, Mathias R, Togias A, Brower R, Sevransky J, Maloney J, Moss M, Shanholtz C, Garcia J, Beaty T, Barnes K. Myosin Light Chain Kinase (MYLK) Variants that Confer Increased Risk of Sepsis and Acute Lung Injury are Associated with Asthma and Associated Phenotypes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2006.11.511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abdel‐Hameed E, Beyene D, Hill J, Dunston G, Broome C. Large BRCA1 deletion in African Americans. FASEB J 2007. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.21.6.lb38-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enass Abdel‐Hameed
- Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyHoward University520 W Street N.W.WashingtonDC20059‐0001
| | - Desta Beyene
- MicrobiologyHoward University520 W Street N.W.WashingtonDC20059
| | - Janell Hill
- Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyHoward University520 W Street N.W.WashingtonDC20059‐0001
| | - Georgia Dunston
- MicrobiologyHoward University520 W Street N.W.WashingtonDC20059
| | - Carolyn Broome
- Biochemistry & Molecular BiologyHoward University520 W Street N.W.WashingtonDC20059‐0001
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Kittles RA, Baffoe-Bonnie AB, Moses TY, Robbins CM, Ahaghotu C, Huusko P, Pettaway C, Vijayakumar S, Bennett J, Hoke G, Mason T, Weinrich S, Trent JM, Collins FS, Mousses S, Bailey-Wilson J, Furbert-Harris P, Dunston G, Powell IJ, Carpten JD. A common nonsense mutation in EphB2 is associated with prostate cancer risk in African American men with a positive family history. J Med Genet 2006; 43:507-11. [PMID: 16155194 PMCID: PMC2564535 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2005.035790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2005] [Revised: 08/31/2005] [Accepted: 09/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EphB2 gene was recently implicated as a prostate cancer (PC) tumour suppressor gene, with somatic inactivating mutations occurring in approximately 10% of sporadic tumours. We evaluated the contribution of EphB2 to inherited PC susceptibility in African Americans (AA) by screening the gene for germline polymorphisms. METHODS Direct sequencing of the coding region of EphB2 was performed on 72 probands from the African American Hereditary Prostate Cancer Study (AAHPC). A case-control association analysis was then carried out using the AAHPC probands and an additional 183 cases of sporadic PC compared with 329 healthy AA male controls. In addition, we performed an ancestry adjusted association study where we adjusted for individual ancestry among all subjects, in order to rule out a spurious association due to population stratification. RESULTS Ten coding sequence variants were identified, including the K1019X (3055A-->T) nonsense mutation which was present in 15.3% of the AAHPC probands but only 1.7% of 231 European American (EA) control samples. We observed that the 3055A-->T mutation significantly increased risk for prostate cancer over twofold (Fisher's two sided test, p = 0.003). The T allele was significantly more common among AAHPC probands (15.3%) than among healthy AA male controls (5.2%) (odds ratio 3.31; 95% confidence interval 1.5 to 7.4; p = 0.008). The ancestry adjusted analyses confirmed the association. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that the K1019X mutation in the EphB2 gene differs in frequency between AA and EA, is associated with increased risk for PC in AA men with a positive family history, and may be an important genetic risk factor for prostate cancer in AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Kittles
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Arthur G James Cancer Hospital and Richard J Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Adeyemo AA, Johnson T, Acheampong J, Oli J, Okafor G, Amoah A, Owusu S, Agyenim-Boateng K, Eghan BA, Abbiyesuku F, Fasanmade O, Rufus T, Doumatey A, Chen G, Zhou J, Chen Y, Furbert-Harris P, Dunston G, Collins F, Rotimi C. A genome wide quantitative trait linkage analysis for serum lipids in type 2 diabetes in an African population. Atherosclerosis 2005; 181:389-97. [PMID: 16039295 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2004.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2004] [Revised: 07/06/2004] [Accepted: 12/08/2004] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Lipid abnormalities are strongly linked with coronary heart disease and are common in type 2 diabetes. However, little is known about the genetic determinants of serum lipids in African populations. An autosomal genome scan was performed for linkage to five plasma lipid phenotypes (total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and VLDL-cholesterol (VLDL-C)) in the Africa-America Diabetes Mellitus (AADM) study. Two hundred and ninety-five affected sibling pairs with type 2 diabetes mellitus enrolled from Ghana and Nigeria were genotyped for 390 microsatellite markers with an average inter-marker distance of 9cM. Multipoint variance components linkage analysis showed that HDL-C had a LOD score of 4.34 near marker D7S3061 and 3.00 near marker D7S513. Some clustering of linkage evidence to several lipid phenotypes was observed on chromosomes 5 (LDL-C, total cholesterol, VLDL-C), chromosome 7 (HDL-C, TG) and chromosome 19 (total cholesterol, LDL-C, TG). Principal component analysis of the five phenotypes yielded two factors, one (TG, HDL-C and VLDL) of which was linked to QTLs on chromosomes 2, 5 and 7, while the other (total cholesterol and LDL-C) was linked to a different set of QTLs on chromosomes 2, 5 and 18. Several of these regions have been reported to be linked to lipids in other studies. Follow up investigations are warranted in view of the central role serum lipids play in the aetiopathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adebowale A Adeyemo
- National Human Genome Center, Howard University, Genetic Epidemiology Unit, College of Medicine, 2216 6th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20059, USA
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Ahaghotu C, Baffoe-Bonnie A, Kittles R, Pettaway C, Powell I, Royal C, Wang H, Vijayakumar S, Bennett J, Hoke G, Mason T, Bailey-Wilson J, Boykin W, Berg K, Carpten J, Weinrich S, Trent J, Dunston G, Collins F. Clinical characteristics of African-American men with hereditary prostate cancer: the AAHPC study. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2004; 7:165-9. [PMID: 15175665 DOI: 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The African-American Hereditary Prostate Cancer (AAHPC) Study was designed to recruit African-American families fulfilling very stringent criteria of four or more members diagnosed with prostate cancer at a combined age at diagnosis of 65 years or less. This report describes the clinical characteristics of a sample of affected AAHPC family members. METHODS In all, 92 African-American families were recruited into the study between 1998 and 2002. Complete clinical data including age and PSA at diagnosis, number of affected per family, stage, grade, and primary treatment were available on 154 affected males. Nonparametric Wilcoxon two-sample tests and Fisher's exact test (two-tailed), were performed to compare families with 4-6 and >6 affected males with respect to clinical characteristics. RESULTS The mean number of affected men per family was 5.5, with a mean age at diagnosis of 61.0 (+/-8.4) years. Age at diagnosis, PSA and Gleason score did not show significant differences between the two groups of families. Based on the Gleason score, 77.2% of affected males had favorable histology. Significantly, there were marked differences between the two groups in the frequency of node-positive disease (P=0.01) and distant metastases (P=0.0001). Radical prostatectomy was the preferred primary therapy for 66.2% of all affected men followed by 20.8% who chose radiation therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that affected males who carry the highest load of genetic factors are at the highest risk for early dissemination of disease, thus efforts at early diagnosis and aggressive therapeutic approaches may be warranted in these families. Since the primary therapy choices in our study favored definitive treatment (87.0%) when compared to the 1983 and 1995 SEER data in which 28 and 64% received definitive treatment, respectively, it appears that affected African-American men in multiplex families may be demonstrating the reported psycho-social impact of family history on screening practices and treatment decisions for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ahaghotu
- National Human Genome Center, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
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Rotimi CN, Chen G, Adeyemo AA, Furbert-Harris P, Parish-Gause D, Zhou J, Berg K, Adegoke O, Amoah A, Owusu S, Acheampong J, Agyenim-Boateng K, Eghan BA, Oli J, Okafor G, Ofoegbu E, Osotimehin B, Abbiyesuku F, Johnson T, Rufus T, Fasanmade O, Kittles R, Daniel H, Chen Y, Dunston G, Collins FS, Guass D. A genome-wide search for type 2 diabetes susceptibility genes in West Africans: the Africa America Diabetes Mellitus (AADM) Study. Diabetes 2004; 53:838-41. [PMID: 14988271 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.53.3.838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of type 2 diabetes is growing rapidly, not only in developed countries but also worldwide. We chose to study type 2 diabetes in West Africa, where diabetes is less common than in the U.S., reasoning that in an environment where calories are less abundant, incident cases of type 2 diabetes might carry a proportionately greater genetic component. Through the Africa America Diabetes Mellitus (AADM) study, we carried out a genome-wide linkage analysis of type 2 diabetes in a cohort of 343 affected sibling pairs (691 individuals) enrolled from five West African centers in two countries (Ghana: Accra and Kumasi; Nigeria: Enugu, Ibadan, and Lagos). A total of 390 polymorphic markers were genotyped, and multipoint linkage analysis was conducted using the GENEHUNTER-PLUS and ASM programs. Suggestive evidence of linkage was observed in four regions on three chromosomes (12, 19, and 20). The two largest logarithm of odds scores of 2.63 and 1.92 for chromosomes 20q13.3 and 12q24, respectively, are particularly interesting because these regions have been reported to harbor diabetes susceptibility genes in several other populations and ethnic groups. Given the history of forced migration of West African populations during the slave trade, these results should have considerable relevance to the study of type 2 diabetes in African Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N Rotimi
- Department of Microbiology, National Human Genome Center at Howard University, College of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.
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Rotimi C, Daniel H, Zhou J, Obisesan A, Chen G, Chen Y, Amoah A, Opoku V, Acheampong J, Agyenim-Boateng K, Eghan BA, Oli J, Okafor G, Ofoegbu E, Osotimehin B, Abbiyesuku F, Johnson T, Fasanmade O, Doumatey A, Aje T, Collins F, Dunston G. Prevalence and determinants of diabetic retinopathy and cataracts in West African type 2 diabetes patients. Ethn Dis 2003; 13:S110-7. [PMID: 13677425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify the prevalence of, and risk factors for, diabetic retinopathy and cataracts in patients with type 2 diabetes, and their spouse controls, enrolled from 5 centers in 2 West African countries (Ghana and Nigeria). METHOD The analysis cohort was made up of 840 subjects with type 2 diabetes, and their 191 unaffected spouse controls, who were enrolled and examined in Lagos, Enugu, and Ibadan, in Nigeria, and in Accra and Kumasi, in Ghana. A diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy was made only where a participant had a minimum of one microaneurysm in any field, as well as exhibiting hemorrhages (dot, blot, or flame shaped), and maculopathy (with or without clinically significant edema). RESULTS Average duration of diabetes was 7.0 years, and mean age at diagnosis was 46.5 years. Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 17.9%. Cataracts were present in 44.9% of the patients with type 2 diabetes, and in 18.3% of spouse controls. The risk of developing retinopathy increased more than 3-fold for patients at the highest fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level (OR=3.4; 95% CI, 1.8-6.3), compared to patients at the lowest FPG level. The odds ratios for persons with diabetes for 10 years or more, compared to persons with diabetes for less than 5 years, was 7.3 (95% CI, 4.3-12.3) for retinopathy, and 2.6 (95% CI, 1.5-4.5) for cataracts. CONCLUSIONS Cataracts were a more important cause of vision impairment than was diabetic retinopathy in this cohort. The prevalence of cataracts in patients with diabetes was more than twice that of their spouse controls, indicating that type 2 diabetes is an important risk factor for cataract formation. Individuals who developed type 2 diabetes at an earlier age were more likely to develop both diabetic retinopathy and cataracts. A strong positive association was observed between FPG level, duration of diabetes, and risk of retinopathy and cataracts. The low prevalence of retinopathy and cataracts observed within the first 5 years of diagnosis of diabetes in this cohort, suggests that intensive blood glucose control may reduce the risk of the development and progression of retinopathy and cataracts. In this regard, early eye examination, preferably at first presentation of elevated blood glucose, is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Rotimi
- National Human Genome Center, Howard University, Genetic Epidemiology Unit, College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND An overview of the state of genetic testing for BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes was presented at the Summit Meeting on Breast Cancer Among African American women. METHODS An exhaustive literature search was performed using PubMed and abstracts published from meetings of the American Association for Cancer Research, the American Society of Human Genetics, and the American Society of Clinical Oncology. The Breast Cancer Information Core was also searched for information regarding sequence variants in which the ethnicity of the individual tested was known. RESULTS Of the 26 distinct BRCA1 pathogenic mutations (protein-truncating, disease-associated missense, and splice variants) detected in Africans or African Americans, 15 (58%) have not been previously reported. In addition, 18 deleterious BRCA2 mutations have been identified and 10 (56%) of these are unique to the group. Only two pathogenic BRCA1 mutations (943ins10 and M1775R) have been detected in three or more unrelated families. However, seven additional BRCA1 or BRCA2 deleterious mutations have been reported in at least two unrelated families. Three of these recurrent BRCA1 mutations (943ins10, 1832del5, and 5296del4) have been characterized by haplotype studies and each likely arose from a common ancestor, including one ancestor that could be traced to the Ivory Coast in West Africa. Although only a few African-American families have been tested for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, the probability of finding a mutation is invariably dependent on the age of onset and the number of breast and/or ovarian cancer cases in the family. The psychosocial implications of genetic testing for African Americans have not been well studied, so that high-risk African Americans may underestimate their risks of breast and ovarian cancer. CONCLUSIONS Deleterious BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations have been identified in African-American and African families. A number of unique mutations have been described, but recurrent mutations are widely dispersed and are not readily identifiable in the few families that have been tested. Access to genetic counseling and testing in a culturally sensitive research setting must remain a high priority before genetic testing can be disseminated in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufunmilayo I Olopade
- Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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Weinrich S, Royal C, Pettaway CA, Dunston G, Faison-Smith L, Priest JH, Roberson-Smith P, Frost J, Jenkins J, Brooks KA, Powell I. Interest in genetic prostate cancer susceptibility testing among african American men. Cancer Nurs 2002; 25:28-34. [PMID: 11838717 DOI: 10.1097/00002820-200202000-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Six regions for prostate cancer genes have been identified, and it is anticipated that prostate cancer susceptibility testing will be available in the future. This correlational study identified predictors for interest in prostate cancer susceptibility testing among African American men. Participants were 320 African American men from the African American Hereditary Prostate Cancer Study and the South Carolina Prostate Cancer Education and Screening Study participated. Two questions measured interest in genetic prostate cancer susceptibility testing and family history of prostate cancer. Chi-square analyses by family history as well as demographics (age, education, marital status) were performed. Most of the men (277 [87%]) indicated an interest in genetic prostate cancer susceptibility testing. Interest in undergoing testing did not vary by family history, age, or education. Marital status was the only significant demographic predictor. Men who were married were significantly more likely to respond with a "yes" to interest in prostate cancer susceptibility testing than were men who were not married. The high "yes" response rate and the men's confusion between the genetic prostate cancer susceptibility testing and prostate cancer screening highlight the need for public education once prostate cancer genes are identified and available for public testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Weinrich
- School of Nursing, University of Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
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32
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Powell IJ, Carpten J, Dunston G, Kittles R, Bennett J, Hoke G, Pettaway C, Weinrich S, Vijayakumar S, Ahaghotu CA, Boykin W, Mason T, Royal C, Baffoe-Bonnie A, Bailey-Wilson J, Berg K, Trent J, Collins F. African-American heredity prostate cancer study: a model for genetic research. J Natl Med Assoc 2001; 93:25S-28S. [PMID: 11798061 PMCID: PMC2719991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
A genome-wide scan of high-risk prostate cancer families in North America has demonstrated linkage of a particular marker to Chromosome Iq (HPC11. An even greater proportion of African-American families have shown linkage to HPC 1. Therefore, investigators at the National Human Genome Research Institute [NHGRI] in collaboration with Howard University and a predominantly African-American group of urologists established the African-American Hereditary Prostate Cancer (AAHPC) Study Network to confirm the suggested linkage of HPC in African Americans with a gene on Chromosome 1. Blood samples from recruited families were sent to Howard University for extraction of DNA. The DNA was sent to NHGRI at NIH where the genotyping and genetic sequence analysis was conducted. Genotype data are merged with pedigree information so that statistical analysis can be performed to establish potential linkage. From March 1, 1998, to June 1, 1999, a total of 40 African-American families have been recruited who met the study criteria. Preliminary results suggest that racial/ethnicity grouping may affect the incidence and extent of linkage of prostate cancer to specific loci. The importance of these findings lays in the future treatment of genetic-based diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Powell
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Powell IJ, Carpten J, Dunston G, Kittles R, Bennett J, Hoke G, Pettaway C, Weinrich S, Vijayakumar S, Ahaghotu CA, Boykin W, Mason T, Royal C, Baffoe-Bonnie A, Bailey-Wilson J, Berg K, Trent J, Collins F. African-American heredity prostate cancer study: a model for genetic research. J Natl Med Assoc 2001; 93:120-3. [PMID: 12653398 PMCID: PMC2593987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
A genome-wide scan of high-risk prostate cancer families in North America has demonstrated linkage of a particular marker to Chromosome 1q (HPC1). An even greater proportion of African-American families have shown linkage to HPC1. Therefore, investigators at the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) in collaboration with Howard University and a predominantly African-American group of urologists established the African-American Hereditary Prostate Cancer (AAHPC) Study Network to confirm the suggested linkage of HPC in African Americans with a gene on Chromosome 1. Blood samples from recruited families were sent to Howard University for extraction of DNA. The DNA was sent to NHGRI at NIH where the genotyping and genetic sequence analysis was conducted. Genotype data are merged with pedigree information so that statistical analysis can be performed to establish potential linkage. From March 1, 1998, to June 1, 1999, a total of 40 African-American families have been recruited who met the study criteria. Preliminary results suggest that racial/ethnicity grouping may affect the incidence and extent of linkage of prostate cancer to specific loci. The importance of these findings lays in the future treatment of genetic-based diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- I J Powell
- Dept of Urology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Royal C, Baffoe-Bonnie A, Kittles R, Powell I, Bennett J, Hoke G, Pettaway C, Weinrich S, Vijayakumar S, Ahaghotu C, Mason T, Johnson E, Obeikwe M, Simpson C, Mejia R, Boykin W, Roberson P, Frost J, Faison-Smith L, Meegan C, Foster N, Furbert-Harris P, Carpten J, Bailey-Wilson J, Trent J, Berg K, Dunston G, Collins F. Recruitment experience in the first phase of the African American Hereditary Prostate Cancer (AAHPC) study. Ann Epidemiol 2000; 10:S68-77. [PMID: 11189095 DOI: 10.1016/s1047-2797(00)00194-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The African American Hereditary Prostate Cancer (AAHPC) Study is an ongoing multicenter genetic linkage study organized by Howard University and the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), with support from the Office for Research on Minority Health and the National Cancer Institute. The goals of the study are to: (i) look for evidence of involvement of chromosome 1q24-25 (HPC1) in African American men with hereditary prostate cancer (HPC) and (ii) conduct a genome-wide search for other loci associated with HPC in African American men. To accomplish these goals, a network has been established including Howard University, the NHGRI, and six Collaborative Recruitment Centers (CRCs). The CRCs are responsible for the identification and enrollment of 100 African American families. To date, 43 families have been enrolled. Recruitment strategies have included mass media campaigns, physician referrals, community health-fairs/prostate cancer screenings, support groups, tumor registries, as well as visits to churches, barber shops, and universities. By far, the most productive recruitment mechanisms have been physician referrals and tumor registries, yielding a total of 35 (81%) families. Approximately 41% (n = 3400) of probands initially contacted by phone or mail expressed interest in participating; the families of 2% of these met the eligibility criteria, and 75% of those families have been enrolled in the study, indicating a 0.5% recruitment yield (ratio of participants to contacts). As the first large-scale genetic linkage study of African Americans, on a common disease, the challenges and successes of the recruitment process for the AAHPC Study should serve to inform future efforts to involve this population in similar studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Royal
- National Human Genome Center, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059, USA.
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Mefford HC, Baumbach L, Panguluri RC, Whitfield-Broome C, Szabo C, Smith S, King MC, Dunston G, Stoppa-Lyonnet D, Arena F. Evidence for a BRCA1 founder mutation in families of West African ancestry. Am J Hum Genet 1999; 65:575-8. [PMID: 10417303 PMCID: PMC1377959 DOI: 10.1086/302511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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36
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Baskar PV, Collins GD, Dorsey-Cooper BA, Pyle RS, Nagel JE, Dwyer D, Dunston G, Johnson CE, Kendig N, Israel E, Nalin DR, Adler WH. Serum antibodies to HIV-1 are produced post-measles virus infection: evidence for cross-reactivity with HLA. Clin Exp Immunol 1998; 111:251-6. [PMID: 9486389 PMCID: PMC1904900 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1998.00488.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Convalescent sera obtained from patients who were recently recovered from an acute measles virus infection were tested for the presence of anti-HIV-1 antibodies by Western blot analysis. While 16% (17/104) of control sera displayed reactive bands to a variety of HIV proteins, 62% (45/73) of convalescent sera demonstrated immunoreactive bands corresponding to HIV-1 Pol and Gag, but not Env antigens. This cross-reactivity appears to be the result of an active measles infection. No HIV-1 immunoblot reactivity (0/10) was observed in sera obtained from young adults several weeks after a combined measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination. Interestingly, examination of anti-HLA typing sera specific for either class I and class II molecules revealed that 46% (19/41) of these sera contained cross-reactive antibodies to HIV-1 proteins. Absorption of measles sera with mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR)-activated lymphocytes and/or HIV-1 recombinant proteins significantly decreased or removed the presence of these HIV-1-immunoreactive antibodies. Together, these findings suggest that the immune response to a natural measles virus infection results in the production of antibodies to HIV-1 and possibly autoantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Baskar
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Adams-Campbell LL, Kim KS, Dunston G, Laing AE, Bonney G, Demenais F. The relationship of body mass index to reproductive factors in pre- and postmenopausal African-American women with and without breast cancer. Obes Res 1996; 4:451-6. [PMID: 8885209 DOI: 10.1002/j.1550-8528.1996.tb00253.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
To date, there are virtually no existing data on the relationship between obesity, menopausal status, and breast cancer in African-Americans. Therefore, the present study was designed to test the following hypotheses in an African-American population: (1) there exists a positive association between BMI and breast cancer among postmenopausal women; (2) there exists an inverse association between BMI and breast cancer among premenopausal women; and (3) similar associations between BMI and reproductive factors exist for both pre- and postmenopausal breast cancer cases. The study population comprised 357 African-American women (n = 193 breast cancer cases; n = 164 controls). No significant differences were observed between premenopausal cases and controls for BMI, obesity categories, and reproductive factors. Among the postmenopausal women, the cases had significantly lower weight and BMI levels than the controls. Age at first pregnancy and parity were significantly lower among postmenopausal cases than their controls. No significant associations were revealed between body mass index and breast cancer for pre- and postmenopausal women. In the present study, early age at menarche was the only reproductive factor that was an independent predictor of BMI for both pre- and postmenopausal women, irrespective of breast cancer status. Also, these findings strongly suggest the need to consider reproductive factors, particularly age at menarche, as a covariate of BMI and other obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L L Adams-Campbell
- Howard University Cancer Center, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Washington, D.C. 20060, USA
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38
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Abstract
HLA heterogeneity occurs in various ethnic groups and has been significantly associated with Graves' disease. In this study we have determined that DQ3 is associated with Graves' disease in African-Americans. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing of D-region antigens in 139 controls and 45 Graves' disease patients reveals significant differences for HLA-DR2, DR9, DQ1, and DQ3. The latter remained significant after correction. Increases in HLA-DR9 and DR3 are associated with increases in DQ3 and DQ2, respectively. The decrease in DR2 is associated with a decrease in DQ1. The associated increases and decreases in DR with DQ antigens probably reflect linkage disequilibrium. Patients were evaluated for autoantibodies against microsomal antigens and/or against thyroglobulin. All of the normal control volunteers were negative for thyroid antibodies and thirteen percent of patients produced autoantibodies. No significant associations were detected for antibody production, type of treatment required, age of onset, family history of Graves', status of T3, T4 levels, goiter and/or ophthalmopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Ofosu
- Department of Biology, School of Arts & Sciences, Delaware State University, Luna I Mishoe Science Center, Dover 19901, USA
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Pottern LM, Gart JJ, Nam JM, Dunston G, Wilson J, Greenberg R, Schoenberg J, Swanson GM, Liff J, Schwartz AG. HLA and multiple myeloma among black and white men: evidence of a genetic association. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1992; 1:177-82. [PMID: 1306102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the possibility that genetic factors contribute to the excess rates of multiple myeloma among blacks, serological typing of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) was conducted for black and white male patients and controls who participated in a large population-based case-control interview study. Forty-six black cases, 88 black controls, 85 white cases, and 122 white controls were typed for the Class I antigens (HLA-A, -B, -C) and for the Class II antigens (HLA-DR, HLA-DQ). Black cases had significantly higher gene frequencies than black controls for Bw65, Cw2, and DRw14, while white cases had higher gene frequencies than white controls for A3 and Cw2 and blanks at the DR and DQ loci. Further analysis of the association between Cw2 and multiple myeloma revealed relative risks of 5.7 (95% confidence interval = 1.5-26.6) and 2.6 (95% confidence interval = 1.0-7.2) for blacks and whites, respectively. The frequency of Cw2 in black and white controls was similar. These findings suggest that the Cw2 allele enhances the risk of myeloma in blacks and whites but do not explain the higher incidence of this cancer among blacks. The study also suggests that undefined DQ antigens may play an etiological role, supporting the need for further research into the immunogenetic determinants of myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Pottern
- Division of Cancer Etiology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
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40
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Mohla S, White S, Grzegorzewski K, Nielsen D, Dunston G, Dickson L, Cha JK, Asseffa A, Olden K. Inhibition of growth of subcutaneous xenografts and metastasis of human breast carcinoma by swainsonine: modulation of tumor cell HLA class I antigens and host immune effector mechanisms. Anticancer Res 1990; 10:1515-22. [PMID: 2126682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Swainsonine, an indolizidine alkaloid, can decrease the organ colonization potential of metastatic murine tumor cells by augmentation of host immune effector mechanisms. In this report the above findings were extended by the demonstration that systemic administration of swainsonine strongly suppressed the growth of human breast carcinoma subcutaneous xenografts and experimentally induced lung metastases. This inhibition was not due to a direct effect of swainsonine on cell growth. However swainsonine treatment of tumor cells resulted in enhanced expression of HLA Class I antigens, and HLA class I mRNA. Swainsonine was a potent immunodulator as evidenced by the increased (a) cytotoxicity of splenocytes and macrophages, and, (b) proliferative potential of splenocytes and bone marrow cells. These data suggest that swainsonine-induced inhibition of tumor growth and metastases may be mediated via activation of host effector cells and/or alteration of tumor cell antigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mohla
- Howard University Cancer Center, Washington, D.C
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41
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Strickland P, Dunston G, Roane P, Vanderpool E. Multiplication of herpes simplex virus in large granular lymphocytes that co-fractionate with human natural killer cell activity. Immunol Invest 1989; 18:785-95. [PMID: 2548958 DOI: 10.3109/08820138909030599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Highly enriched preparations of human large granular lymphocytes (LGL) cells, isolated from peripheral blood of normal adult donors, showed partial intrinsic resistance to infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Three subsets of LGL cells were identified on the basis of susceptibility to this virus: 1) resistant cells: 2) abortively infected cells; and 3) permissive cells. An average of 25% of LGL cells were completely resistant to infection. The majority (approximately 75%) could be infected as estimated by immunofluorescence. Only 5% of the original cell suspensions were productively infected as determined by infectious center assay and transmission electron microscopy. These results have been reproduced in multiple experiments from 8 different donors consisting of both males and females. No significant difference in LGL cell responses to HSV-1 were detected within this population. Enriched LGL preparations exhibited enhanced natural killer (NK) cell activity. These findings raise several questions concerning the biological significance of LGL susceptibility to infection with HSV-1, relative to virus transport and/or immune surveillance by NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Strickland
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20059
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42
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Rosen-Bronson S, Tang TF, Eckels DD, Robbins FM, Dunston G, Hartzman RJ, Johnson AH. DR3 heterogeneity recognized by HTC and alloproliferative T cell clones. Transplant Proc 1987; 19:842-4. [PMID: 3274880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Rosen-Bronson
- Department of Pediatrics and Microbiology, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC 20007
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43
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Walters C, Callender C, Dunston G, Flores J, Toliver L, Cruz I. Lymphokine production and lymphocyte subpopulations in 25 black transplant patients. Transplant Proc 1987; 19:1549-50. [PMID: 3079025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Walters
- Department of Surgery, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20060
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44
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Alarif L, Castro O, Ofosu M, Dunston G, Scott RB. HLA-B35 is associated with red cell alloimmunization in sickle cell disease. Clin Immunol Immunopathol 1986; 38:178-83. [PMID: 3484440 DOI: 10.1016/0090-1229(86)90136-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
HLA-A, -B, -C, and DR antigens were determined in 33 patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), who had received red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. Twenty-one patients formed red cell alloantibodies after transfusions (responders) while 12 multitransfused SCD patients did not form any RBC antibodies (non-responders). We found that 67% of the SCD responder participants had HLA-B35 versus 25% of the non-responders (chi 2 = 5.3079, P = 0.0212). The frequency of B35 in non-responder SCD patients was similar to that of a normal healthy Black population consisting of 139 individuals. Calculation of the relative risk showed that sickle cell patients with B35 are six times more likely to form RBC alloantibodies after transfusion than those lacking that HLA antigen. We found no significant increase or association between any HLA-DR antigens and sickle cell disease.
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45
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Oldham RK, Dean JH, Cannon GB, Ortaldo JR, Dunston G, Applebaum F, McCoy JL, Djeu J, Herberman RB. Cryopreservation of human lymphocyte function as measured by in vitro assays. Int J Cancer 1976; 18:145-55. [PMID: 133996 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.2910180203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Methods are described by which cryopreserved cells can be utilized in a number of in vitro assays. On a per cell basis, nearly total recovery of function can be demonstrated for lymphocyte transformation (mitogens, antigens and MLC) and rosette-forming cells. Excellent recovery of mononuclear cell production of leukocyte migration inhibitory factor was also observed. Highly reproducible activity was recovered on a per lymphocyte basis in lymphocyte cytotoxicity but with a definite decrement in the percentage recovery. Both for longitudinal studies of immune function and for standardization of these assays in one or more laboratories such cryopreserved cells are ofimmense value and should be widely utilized.
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