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Ye Q, Huang S, Wang Y, Chen S, Yang H, Tan W, Wu Z, Wang A, Chen Y. Wogonin improves colitis by activating the AhR pathway to regulate the plasticity of ILC3/ILC1. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155425. [PMID: 38518634 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal barrier dysfunction caused by the disrupted balance of group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3)/group 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1) is a significant feature in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling contributes to the maintenance of ILC3/ILC1 balance. Wogonin, a natural flavonoid from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, can repair intestinal mucosal damage of IBD. However, it remains unclear if wogonin can exert a therapeutic effect by activating the AhR pathway to regulate the plasticity of ILC3/ILC1. PURPOSE In this study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effects of wogonin on IBD and its potential mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Chronic colitis was induced by four cycles of 2 % DSS treatment in mice. 20 mg kg-1/day wogonin was administrated by oral gavage and mice were treated intraperitoneally with 10 mg kg-1/2 days CH223191 to block the AhR pathway. Colon tissues were processed for histopathological examination and evaluation of the epithelial barrier function by immunohistochemistry. The activation of the AhR pathway and the plasticity of ILC3/ILC1 were determined by western blot and flow cytometry. Then, we also detected the intestinal microflora and their metabolites by 16 s sequencing and non-targeted Metabolomics analysis. Furthermore, an in vitro culture system consisting of MNK3 cells and NCM460 cells, and a CETSA assay were performed to confirm the molecular mechanism. RESULTS Wogonin ameliorated histological severity of the colon, decreased the secretion of inflammatory factors, and increased tight junction proteins in colitis mice. These effects are associated with the tendency of conversion from ILC3 to ILC1 prevented by wogonin, which was offset by AhR antagonist CH223191. In addition, wogonin exerted the curative effect by altering gut microbiota to produce metabolites such as Kynurenic acid, and 1H-Indole-3-carboxaldehyde as AhR endogenous ligands. In vitro data further verified that wogonin as an exogenous ligand directly binds to the structural domain of AhR by CETSA. Also, the supernatant of MNK-3 cells stimulated with wogonin enhanced expression of Occludin and Claudin1 in NCM460 cells induced by LPS. CONCLUSION Cumulatively, our study illustrated that wogonin improved the outcomes of DSS-induced chronic colitis via regulating the plasticity of ILC3/ILC1. Its specific mechanism is to binding to AhR directly, and to activate the AhR pathway indirectly by altering the tryptophan metabolisms of gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujuan Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Shaowei Huang
- Integrative Microecology Clinical Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shenzhen Technology Research Center of Gut Microbiota Transplantation, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Integrative Microecology Clinical Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shenzhen Technology Research Center of Gut Microbiota Transplantation, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Shuze Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Huiping Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Weihao Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zaoxuan Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Anjiang Wang
- Integrative Microecology Clinical Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shenzhen Technology Research Center of Gut Microbiota Transplantation, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China; Integrative Microecology Clinical Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiota and Disease, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Shenzhen Technology Research Center of Gut Microbiota Transplantation, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, PR China.
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Ji H, Feng S, Liu Y, Cao Y, Lou H, Li Z. Effect of GVHD on the gut and intestinal microflora. Transpl Immunol 2024; 82:101977. [PMID: 38184214 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2023.101977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is one of the most important cause of death in patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The gastrointestinal tract is one of the most common sites affected by GVHD. However, there is no gold standard clinical practice for diagnosing gastrointestinal GVHD (GI-GVHD), and it is mainly diagnosed by the patient's clinical symptoms and related histological changes. Additionally, GI-GVHD causes intestinal immune system disorders, damages intestinal epithelial tissue such as intestinal epithelial cells((IEC), goblet, Paneth, and intestinal stem cells, and disrupts the intestinal epithelium's physical and chemical mucosal barriers. The use of antibiotics and diet alterations significantly reduces intestinal microbial diversity, further reducing bacterial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids and indole, aggravating infection, and GI-GVHD. gut microbe diversity can be restored by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to treat refractory GI-GVHD. This review article focuses on the clinical diagnosis of GI-GVHD and the effect of GVHD on intestinal flora and its metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ji
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Shuai Feng
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China; Yunnan Province Clinical Center for Hematologic Disease, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China; Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China; National Key Clinical Specialty of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China; Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Yue Cao
- Emergency of Department, Yunnan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - HuiQuan Lou
- Department of Oral and maxillofacial surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Zengzheng Li
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China; Yunnan Province Clinical Center for Hematologic Disease, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China; Yunnan Blood Disease Hospital, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China; National Key Clinical Specialty of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China; Yunnan Province Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China.
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3
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Yao Y, Liu Y, Xu Q, Mao L. Short Chain Fatty Acids: Essential Weapons of Traditional Medicine in Treating Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Molecules 2024; 29:379. [PMID: 38257292 PMCID: PMC10818876 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29020379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic and recurrent intestinal inflammatory disease, mainly including Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). In recent years, the incidence and prevalence of IBD have been on the rise worldwide and have become a significant concern of health and a huge economic burden on patients. The occurrence and development of IBD involve a variety of pathogenic factors. The changes in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are considered to be an important pathogenic mechanism of this disease. SCFAs are important metabolites in the intestinal microbial environment, which are closely involved in regulating immune, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory activities. Changes in metabolite levels can reflect the homeostasis of the intestinal microflora. Recent studies have shown that SCFAs provide energy for host cells and intestinal microflora, shape the intestinal environment, and regulate the immune system, thereby regulating intestinal physiology. SCFAs can effectively reduce the incidence of enteritis, cardiovascular disease, colon cancer, obesity, and diabetes, and also play an important role in maintaining the balance of energy metabolism (mainly glucose metabolism) and improving insulin tolerance. In recent years, many studies have shown that numerous decoctions and natural compounds of traditional Chinese medicine have shown promising therapeutic activities in multiple animal models of colitis and thus attracted increasing attention from scientists in the study of IBD treatment. Some of these traditional Chinese medicines or compounds can effectively alleviate colonic inflammation and clinical symptoms by regulating the generation of SCFAs. This study reviews the effects of various traditional Chinese medicines or bioactive substances on the production of SCFAs and their potential impacts on the severity of colonic inflammation. On this basis, we discussed the mechanism of SCFAs in regulating IBD-associated inflammation, as well as the related regulatory factors and signaling pathways. In addition, we provide our understanding of the limitations of current research and the prospects for future studies on the development of new IBD therapies by targeting SCFAs. This review may widen our understanding of the effect of traditional medicine from the view of SCFAs and their role in alleviating IBD animal models, thus contributing to the studies of IBD researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yongchao Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qiuyun Xu
- Basic Medical Research Center, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Liming Mao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nantong University, 19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.L.)
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4
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Hou JJ, Ma AH, Qin YH. Activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in inflammatory bowel disease: insights from gut microbiota. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1279172. [PMID: 37942478 PMCID: PMC10628454 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1279172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory intestinal disease that affects more than 3.5 million people, with rising prevalence. It deeply affects patients' daily life, increasing the burden on patients, families, and society. Presently, the etiology of IBD remains incompletely clarified, while emerging evidence has demonstrated that altered gut microbiota and decreased aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activity are closely associated with IBD. Furthermore, microbial metabolites are capable of AHR activation as AHR ligands, while the AHR, in turn, affects the microbiota through various pathways. In light of the complex connection among gut microbiota, the AHR, and IBD, it is urgent to review the latest research progress in this field. In this review, we describe the role of gut microbiota and AHR activation in IBD and discussed the crosstalk between gut microbiota and the AHR in the context of IBD. Taken as a whole, we propose new therapeutic strategies targeting the AHR-microbiota axis for IBD, even for other related diseases caused by AHR-microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yue-Hua Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shaoxing People’s Hospital, Shaoxing, China
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Wang R, Cui W, Yang H. The interplay between innate lymphoid cells and microbiota. mBio 2023; 14:e0039923. [PMID: 37318214 PMCID: PMC10470585 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00399-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are mainly resident in mucosal tissues such as gastrointestinal tract and respiratory tract, so they are closely linked to the microbiota. ILCs can protect commensals to maintain homeostasis and increase resistance to pathogens. Moreover, ILCs also play an early role in defense against a variety of pathogenic microorganisms including pathogenic bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites, before the intervention of adaptive immune system. Due to the lack of adaptive antigen receptors expressed on T cells and B cells, ILCs need to use other means to sense the signals of microbiota and play a role in corresponding regulation. In this review, we focus on and summarize three major mechanisms used in the interaction between ILCs and microbiota: the mediation of accessory cells represented by dendritic cells; the metabolic pathways of microbiota or diet; the participation of adaptive immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Cui
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Xuzhou Key Laboratory of Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Guo Y, Liu Y, Rui B, Lei Z, Ning X, Liu Y, Li M. Crosstalk between the gut microbiota and innate lymphoid cells in intestinal mucosal immunity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1171680. [PMID: 37304260 PMCID: PMC10249960 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1171680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal mucosa is colonized by thousands of microorganisms, which participate in a variety of physiological functions. Intestinal dysbiosis is closely associated with the pathogenesis of several human diseases. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which include NK cells, ILC1s, ILC2s, ILC3s and LTi cells, are a type of innate immune cells. They are enriched in the mucosal tissues of the body, and have recently received extensive attention. The gut microbiota and its metabolites play important roles in various intestinal mucosal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), allergic disease, and cancer. Therefore, studies on ILCs and their interaction with the gut microbiota have great clinical significance owing to their potential for identifying pharmacotherapy targets for multiple related diseases. This review expounds on the progress in research on ILCs differentiation and development, the biological functions of the intestinal microbiota, and its interaction with ILCs in disease conditions in order to provide novel ideas for disease treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ming Li
- *Correspondence: Yinhui Liu, ; Ming Li,
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7
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Drommi F, Calabrò A, Vento G, Pezzino G, Cavaliere R, Omero F, Muscolino P, Granata B, D'Anna F, Silvestris N, De Pasquale C, Ferlazzo G, Campana S. Crosstalk between ILC3s and Microbiota: Implications for Colon Cancer Development and Treatment with Immune Check Point Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112893. [PMID: 37296855 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are primarily tissue-resident cells strategically localized at the intestinal barrier that exhibit the fast-acting responsiveness of classic innate immune cells. Populations of these lymphocytes depend on the transcription factor RAR-related orphan receptor and play a key role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis, keeping host-microbial mutualism in check. Current evidence has indicated a bidirectional relationship between microbiota and ILC3s. While ILC3 function and maintenance in the gut are influenced by commensal microbiota, ILC3s themselves can control immune responses to intestinal microbiota by providing host defense against extracellular bacteria, helping to maintain a diverse microbiota and inducing immune tolerance for commensal bacteria. Thus, ILC3s have been linked to host-microbiota interactions and the loss of their normal activity promotes dysbiosis, chronic inflammation and colon cancer. Furthermore, recent evidence has suggested that a healthy dialog between ILC3s and gut microbes is necessary to support antitumor immunity and response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. In this review, we summarize the functional interactions occurring between microbiota and ILC3s in homeostasis, providing an overview of the molecular mechanisms orchestrating these interactions. We focus on how alterations in this interplay promote gut inflammation, colorectal cancer and resistance to therapies with immune check point inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Drommi
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department Human Pathology "G.Barresi", University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Alessia Calabrò
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department Human Pathology "G.Barresi", University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Grazia Vento
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Gaetana Pezzino
- Unit of Experimental Pathology and Immunology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cavaliere
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department Human Pathology "G.Barresi", University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Fausto Omero
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G.Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Paola Muscolino
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G.Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Barbara Granata
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G.Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica D'Anna
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G.Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Human Pathology "G.Barresi", University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Claudia De Pasquale
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department Human Pathology "G.Barresi", University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Guido Ferlazzo
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, 16132 Genova, Italy
- Unit of Experimental Pathology and Immunology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Stefania Campana
- Laboratory of Immunology and Biotherapy, Department Human Pathology "G.Barresi", University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
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Hodgkinson K, El Abbar F, Dobranowski P, Manoogian J, Butcher J, Figeys D, Mack D, Stintzi A. Butyrate's role in human health and the current progress towards its clinical application to treat gastrointestinal disease. Clin Nutr 2023; 42:61-75. [PMID: 36502573 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Butyrate is a key energy source for colonocytes and is produced by the gut microbiota through fermentation of dietary fiber. Butyrate is a histone deacetylase inhibitor and also signals through three G-protein coupled receptors. It is clear that butyrate has an important role in gastrointestinal health and that butyrate levels can impact both host and microbial functions that are intimately coupled with each other. Maintaining optimal butyrate levels improves gastrointestinal health in animal models by supporting colonocyte function, decreasing inflammation, maintaining the gut barrier, and promoting a healthy microbiome. Butyrate has also shown protective actions in the context of intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, graft-versus-host disease of the gastrointestinal tract, and colon cancer, whereas lower levels of butyrate and/or the microbes which are responsible for producing this metabolite are associated with disease and poorer health outcomes. However, clinical efforts to increase butyrate levels in humans and reverse these negative outcomes have generated mixed results. This article discusses our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of butyrate action with a focus on the gastrointestinal system, the links between host and microbial factors, and the efforts that are currently underway to apply the knowledge gained from the bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendra Hodgkinson
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Faiha El Abbar
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Peter Dobranowski
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Juliana Manoogian
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - James Butcher
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Daniel Figeys
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - David Mack
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada; Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Inflammatory Bowel Disease Centre and Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Alain Stintzi
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada.
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An overview of aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands in the Last two decades (2002–2022): A medicinal chemistry perspective. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 244:114845. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Feng Y, Hang L, Zhou Y, Jiang FR, Yuan JY. Gut microbiota plays a role in irritable bowel syndrome by regulating 5-HT metabolism. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2022; 30:941-949. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v30.i21.941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder. Brain-gut-microbiota axis dysfunction is an important pathogenic factor for IBS, in which neurotransmitters and gut microbes play key roles. The gastrointestinal tract contains large amounts of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), a neurotransmitter that has been strongly linked to IBS-related symptoms. More than 90% of serotonin is synthesized in the gut by enterochromaffin cells (ECs), and certain intestinal flora can affect the occurrence and development of IBS by regulating 5-HT and its metabolism. In this review, we will discuss the role of gut microbiota in IBS by regulating 5-HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Feng
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lu Hang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Feng-Ru Jiang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian-Ye Yuan
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China
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Li YY, Wang XJ, Su YL, Wang Q, Huang SW, Pan ZF, Chen YP, Liang JJ, Zhang ML, Xie XQ, Wu ZY, Chen JY, Zhou L, Luo X. Baicalein ameliorates ulcerative colitis by improving intestinal epithelial barrier via AhR/IL-22 pathway in ILC3s. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:1495-1507. [PMID: 34671110 PMCID: PMC9160000 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00781-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract, which is closely related to gut barrier dysfunction. Emerging evidence shows that interleukin-22 (IL-22) derived from group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) confers benefits on intestinal barrier, and IL-22 expression is controlled by aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Previous studies show that baicalein protects the colon from inflammatory damage. In this study we elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effect of baicalein on intestinal barrier function in colitis mice. Mice were administered baicalein (10, 20, 40 mg·kg-1·d-1, i.g.) for 10 days; the mice freely drank 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) on D1-D7 to induce colitis. We showed that baicalein administration simultaneously ameliorated gut inflammation, decreased intestinal permeability, restored tight junctions of colons possibly via promoting AhR/IL-22 pathway. Co-administration of AhR antagonist CH223191 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) partially blocked the therapeutic effects of baicalein in colitis mice, whereas AhR agonist FICZ (1 μg, i.p.) ameliorated symptoms and gut barrier function in colitis mice. In a murine lymphocyte line MNK-3, baicalein (5-20 μM) dose-dependently increased the expression of AhR downstream target protein CYP1A1, and enhanced IL-22 production through facilitating AhR nuclear translocation, these effects were greatly diminished in shAhR-MNK3 cells, suggesting that baicalein induced IL-22 production in AhR-dependent manner. To further clarify that, we constructed an in vitro system consisting of MNK-3 and Caco-2 cells, in which MNK-3 cell supernatant treated with baicalein could decrease FITC-dextran permeability and promoted the expression of tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occluding in Caco-2 cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that baicalein ameliorates colitis by improving intestinal epithelial barrier via AhR/IL-22 pathway in ILC3s, thus providing a potential therapy for UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Yang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yu-Lin Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shao-Wei Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zeng-Feng Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yan-Ping Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jun-Jie Liang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Mei-Ling Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xue-Qian Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhi-Yun Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jin-Yan Chen
- College of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Lian Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xia Luo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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12
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Diet-Microbiota Interplay: An Emerging Player in Macrophage Plasticity and Intestinal Health. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073901. [PMID: 35409260 PMCID: PMC8998881 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Targeted therapies for IBD are limited by several factors, including the therapeutic ceiling and the high incidence of non-responders or loss-of-response. In order to improve therapeutic efficacy, there is critical need to decipher disease pathogenesis, currently not well understood. Macrophages, innate immune cells that exhibit high plasticity, perpetuate inflammatory signalling in IBD through excessive release of inflammatory mediators. In recent years, pioneering research has revealed the importance of the interplay between macrophages and gut microbiota in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Particular attention is focusing on microbiota-derived metabolites, believed to possess immunomodulatory properties capable of manipulating macrophage plasticity. Microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and indole compounds, along with dietary sourced omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), exert anti-inflammatory effects, attributable to interactions with macrophages. Before we can effectively incorporate these metabolites into IBD therapies, a deeper understanding of microbiota-macrophage interactions at a molecular level is necessary. Therefore, the aim of this review is firstly to detail current knowledge regarding how diet and microbiota-derived metabolites modify macrophage plasticity. Later, we discuss the concept of therapeutic strategies directed at microbiota-macrophage interactions, which could be highly valuable for IBD therapies in the future.
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Shi S, Ye L, Jin K, Xiao Z, Yu X, Wu W. Innate Lymphoid Cells: Emerging Players in Pancreatic Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073748. [PMID: 35409105 PMCID: PMC8998564 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Common pancreatic diseases have caused significant economic and social burdens worldwide. The interstitial microenvironment is involved in and plays a crucial part in the occurrence and progression of pancreatic diseases. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), an innate population of immune cells which have only gradually entered our visual field in the last 10 years, play an important role in maintaining tissue homeostasis, regulating metabolism, and participating in regeneration and repair. Recent evidence indicates that ILCs in the pancreas, as well as in other tissues, are also key players in pancreatic disease and health. Herein, we examined the possible functions of different ILC subsets in common pancreatic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, and discussed the potential practical implications of the relevant findings for future further treatment of these pancreatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saimeng Shi
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; (S.S.); (L.Y.); (K.J.); (Z.X.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Longyun Ye
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; (S.S.); (L.Y.); (K.J.); (Z.X.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kaizhou Jin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; (S.S.); (L.Y.); (K.J.); (Z.X.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhiwen Xiao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; (S.S.); (L.Y.); (K.J.); (Z.X.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; (S.S.); (L.Y.); (K.J.); (Z.X.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (W.W.); Tel.: +86-21-6403-1446 (X.Y. & W.W.)
| | - Weiding Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China; (S.S.); (L.Y.); (K.J.); (Z.X.)
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai 200032, China
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (W.W.); Tel.: +86-21-6403-1446 (X.Y. & W.W.)
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14
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Zheng M, Zhu J. Innate Lymphoid Cells and Intestinal Inflammatory Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1856. [PMID: 35163778 PMCID: PMC8836863 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a population of lymphoid cells that do not express T cell or B cell antigen-specific receptors. They are largely tissue-resident and enriched at mucosal sites to play a protective role against pathogens. ILCs mimic the functions of CD4 T helper (Th) subsets. Type 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILC1s) are defined by the expression of signature cytokine IFN-γ and the master transcription factor T-bet, involving in the type 1 immune response; ILC2s are characterized by the expression of signature cytokine IL-5/IL-13 and the master transcription factor GATA3, participating in the type 2 immune response; ILC3s are RORγt-expressing cells and are capable of producing IL-22 and IL-17 to maintain intestinal homeostasis. The discovery and investigation of ILCs over the past decades extends our knowledge beyond classical adaptive and innate immunology. In this review, we will focus on the roles of ILCs in intestinal inflammation and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Zheng
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jinfang Zhu
- Molecular and Cellular Immunoregulation Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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15
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Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Repressor Is Hypomethylated in Psoriasis and Promotes Psoriasis-like Inflammation in HaCaT Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312715. [PMID: 34884515 PMCID: PMC8657998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that DNA hypomethylation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AhRR), one of the epigenetic markers of environmental pollutants, causes skin diseases. However, the function and mechanisms are still unknown. We aimed to determine whether AhRR is hypomethylated in PBMC of psoriasis patients, as well as to examine the expression of psoriasis-related inflammatory cytokines and antimicrobial peptides after 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) treatment in HaCaT cells overexpressing or silencing AhRR. AhRR was determined by qPCR, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunocytochemistry in skin tissue and HaCaT cells. DNA methylation of AhRR was performed by Infinium Human Methylation450 BeadChip in PBMC of psoriasis patients and methylation-specific PCR (MSP) in HaCaT cells. NF-κB pp50 translocation and activity were performed by immunocytochemistry and luciferase reporter assay, respectively. We verified AhRR gene expression in the epidermis from psoriasis patients and healthy controls. AhRR hypomethylation in PBMC of psoriasis patients and pAhRR-HaCaT cells was confirmed. The expression level of AhRR was increased in both TCDD-treated HaCaT cells and pAhRR-HaCaT cells. NF-κB pp50 translocation and activity increased with TCDD. Our results showed that AhRR was hypomethylated and overexpressed in the lesional skin of patients with psoriasis, thereby increasing AhRR gene expression and regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines through the NF-κB signaling pathway in TCDD-treated HaCaT cells.
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16
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Wang Z, Chen WD, Wang YD. Nuclear receptors: a bridge linking the gut microbiome and the host. Mol Med 2021; 27:144. [PMID: 34740314 PMCID: PMC8570027 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00407-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The gut microbiome is the totality of microorganisms, bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and fungi within the gastrointestinal tract. The gut microbiome plays key roles in various physiological and pathological processes through regulating varieties of metabolic factors such as short-chain fatty acids, bile acids and amino acids. Nuclear receptors, as metabolic mediators, act as a series of intermediates between the microbiome and the host and help the microbiome regulate diverse processes in the host. Recently, nuclear receptors such as farnesoid X receptor, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, aryl hydrocarbon receptor and vitamin D receptor have been identified as key regulators of the microbiome-host crosstalk. These nuclear receptors regulate metabolic processes, immune activity, autophagy, non-alcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, obesity, and type-2 diabetes. Conclusion In this review, we have summarized the functions of the nuclear receptors in the gut microbiome-host axis in different physiological and pathological conditions, indicating that the nuclear receptors may be the good targets for treatment of different diseases through the crosstalk with the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation and Drug Discovery, School of Basic Medical Science, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China. .,School of Medicine, Key Laboratory of Receptors-Mediated Gene Regulation, The People' Hospital of Hebi, Henan University, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan-Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Gasaly N, de Vos P, Hermoso MA. Impact of Bacterial Metabolites on Gut Barrier Function and Host Immunity: A Focus on Bacterial Metabolism and Its Relevance for Intestinal Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:658354. [PMID: 34122415 PMCID: PMC8187770 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.658354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The diverse and dynamic microbial community of the human gastrointestinal tract plays a vital role in health, with gut microbiota supporting the development and function of the gut immune barrier. Crosstalk between microbiota-gut epithelium and the gut immune system determine the individual health status, and any crosstalk disturbance may lead to chronic intestinal conditions, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and celiac disease. Microbiota-derived metabolites are crucial mediators of host-microbial interactions. Some beneficially affect host physiology such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and secondary bile acids. Also, tryptophan catabolites determine immune responses, such as through binding to the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). AhR is abundantly present at mucosal surfaces and when activated enhances intestinal epithelial barrier function as well as regulatory immune responses. Exogenous diet-derived indoles (tryptophan) are a major source of endogenous AhR ligand precursors and together with SCFAs and secondary bile acids regulate inflammation by lowering stress in epithelium and gut immunity, and in IBD, AhR expression is downregulated together with tryptophan metabolites. Here, we present an overview of host microbiota-epithelium- gut immunity crosstalk and review how microbial-derived metabolites contribute to host immune homeostasis. Also, we discuss the therapeutic potential of bacterial catabolites for IBD and celiac disease and how essential dietary components such as dietary fibers and bacterial tryptophan catabolites may contribute to intestinal and systemic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naschla Gasaly
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paul de Vos
- Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marcela A Hermoso
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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18
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Gasaly N, Hermoso MA, Gotteland M. Butyrate and the Fine-Tuning of Colonic Homeostasis: Implication for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063061. [PMID: 33802759 PMCID: PMC8002420 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review describes current evidence supporting butyrate impact in the homeostatic regulation of the digestive ecosystem in health and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Butyrate is mainly produced by bacteria from the Firmicutes phylum. It stimulates mature colonocytes and inhibits undifferentiated malignant and stem cells. Butyrate oxidation in mature colonocytes (1) produces 70–80% of their energetic requirements, (2) prevents stem cell inhibition by limiting butyrate access to crypts, and (3) consumes oxygen, generating hypoxia and maintaining luminal anaerobiosis favorable to the microbiota. Butyrate stimulates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), the GPR41 and GPR109A receptors, and inhibits HDAC in different cell types, thus stabilizing the gut barrier function and decreasing inflammatory processes. However, some studies indicate contrary effects according to butyrate concentrations. IBD patients exhibit a lower abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria and butyrate content. Additionally, colonocyte butyrate oxidation is depressed in these subjects, lowering luminal anaerobiosis and facilitating the expansion of Enterobacteriaceae that contribute to inflammation. Accordingly, gut dysbiosis and decreased barrier function in IBD seems to be secondary to the impaired mitochondrial disturbance in colonic epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naschla Gasaly
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Marcela A. Hermoso
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
| | - Martín Gotteland
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile;
- Department of Human Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in the Biology of Intestinal Microbiota, Santiago 8380453, Chile
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-989-059-222
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Riemschneider S, Hoffmann M, Slanina U, Weber K, Hauschildt S, Lehmann J. Indol-3-Carbinol and Quercetin Ameliorate Chronic DSS-Induced Colitis in C57BL/6 Mice by AhR-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052262. [PMID: 33668818 PMCID: PMC7956562 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are multifactorial inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, characterised by abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhoea, and anaemia. Standard therapies, including corticosteroids or biologicals, often induce severe side effects, or patients may develop resistance to those therapies. Thus, new therapeutic options for IBD are urgently needed. This study investigates the therapeutic efficacy and safety of two plant-derived ligands of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), quercetin (Q), and indol-3-carbinol (I3C), using a translationally relevant mouse model of IBD. Q and I3C are administered by gavage to C57BL/6 wild-type or C57BL/6 Ahr-/- mice suffering from chronic colitis, induced by dextran sulphate sodium (DSS). The course of the disease, intestinal histopathological changes, and in-situ immunological phenotype are scored over 25 days. Our results show that both Q and I3C improved significantly clinical symptoms in moderate DSS colitis, which coincides with a significantly reduced histopathological score. Even in severe DSS colitis I3C, neither Q nor the therapy control 6-thioguanine (6-TG) can prevent a fatal outcome. Moreover, treatment with Q or I3C restored in part DSS-induced loss of epithelial integrity by induction of tight-junction proteins and reduced significantly gut inflammation, as demonstrated by colonoscopy, as well as by immunohistochemistry revealing lower numbers of neutrophils and macrophages. Moreover, the number of Th17 cells is significantly reduced, while the number of Treg cells is significantly increased by treatment with Q or I3C, as well as 6-TG. Q- or I3C-induced amelioration of colitis is not observed in Ahr-/- mice suggesting the requirement of AhR ligation and signalling. Based on the results of this study, plant-derived non-toxic AhR agonists can be considered promising therapeutics in IBD therapy in humans. However, they may differ in terms of efficacy; therefore, it is indispensable to study the dose-response relationship of each individual AhR agonist also with regard to potential adverse effects, since they may also exert AhR-independent effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Riemschneider
- Department of Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.R.); (M.H.); (U.S.)
| | - Maximilian Hoffmann
- Department of Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.R.); (M.H.); (U.S.)
| | - Ulla Slanina
- Department of Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.R.); (M.H.); (U.S.)
| | | | - Sunna Hauschildt
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Jörg Lehmann
- Department of Therapy Validation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (S.R.); (M.H.); (U.S.)
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Correspondence:
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20
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Wang Y, Ding Y, Deng Y, Zheng Y, Wang S. Role of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in the promotion and immunotherapy of colitis-associated cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:jitc-2020-000609. [PMID: 33051339 PMCID: PMC7555106 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is a specific type of colorectal cancer that develops from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells that are essential for the pathological processes of inflammation and cancer. Accumulating evidence indicates that MDSCs play different but vital roles during IBD and CAC development and impede CAC immunotherapy. New insights into the regulatory network of MDSCs in the CAC pathogenesis are opening new avenues for developing strategies to enhance the effectiveness of CAC treatment. In this review, we explore the role of MDSCs in chronic inflammation, dysplasia and CAC and summarize the potential CAC therapeutic strategies based on MDSC blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Nanjing University Medical School, Yancheng, China
| | - Yanxia Ding
- Department of Dermatology, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Nanjing University Medical School, Yancheng, China
| | - Yijun Deng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Nanjing University Medical School, Yancheng, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Nanjing University Medical School, Yancheng, China
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated People's Hospital, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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21
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Innate lymphoid cells in treatment-induced gastrointestinal pathogenesis. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2020; 14:135-141. [PMID: 32332212 DOI: 10.1097/spc.0000000000000499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Tissue injury often occurs as collateral damage after chemotherapy and radiotherapy and is associated with significant comorbidity and mortality. The arsenal of options to prevent tissue injury other than dose reduction is limited, and treatment is mostly aimed at symptom relief and prevention of complications, such as bacterial translocation and malnourishment. Novel approaches directed at prevention and early repair of damaged tissues are highly anticipated. RECENT FINDINGS Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are important in tissue homeostasis and wound healing. Most knowledge of ILC is based on studies in mice, and the contribution of ILC to repair therapy-induced tissue damage in humans is relatively understudied. A picture is nevertheless emerging, suggesting that ILC have several means to maintain tissue homeostasis. Subsets of ILC produce, for example, interleukin (IL)-22 or amphiregulin (AREG) that induce epithelial tissue repair and the release of microbiome modulating proteins. In addition, ILC have immune-regulatory capacities given that adoptive transfer of ILC in a mouse model of graft versus host disease (GvHD) attenuated tissue inflammation. SUMMARY ILC are important in tissue maintenance and damage repair and as such have the potential to be developed as (adoptive) therapy to prevent and repair therapy-induced tissue damage.
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23
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Busbee PB, Menzel L, Alrafas HR, Dopkins N, Becker W, Miranda K, Tang C, Chatterjee S, Singh UP, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti PS. Indole-3-carbinol prevents colitis and associated microbial dysbiosis in an IL-22-dependent manner. JCI Insight 2020; 5:127551. [PMID: 31941837 PMCID: PMC7030851 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.127551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colitis, an inflammatory bowel disease, is caused by a variety of factors, but luminal microbiota are thought to play crucial roles in disease development and progression. Indole is produced by gut microbiota and is believed to protect the colon from inflammatory damage. In the current study, we investigated whether indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a naturally occurring plant product found in numerous cruciferous vegetables, can prevent colitis-associated microbial dysbiosis and attempted to identify the mechanisms. Treatment with I3C led to repressed colonic inflammation and prevention of microbial dysbiosis caused by colitis, increasing a subset of gram-positive bacteria known to produce butyrate. I3C was shown to increase production of butyrate, and when mice with colitis were treated with butyrate, there was reduced colonic inflammation accompanied by suppression of Th17 and induction of Tregs, protection of the mucus layer, and upregulation in Pparg expression. Additionally, IL-22 was increased only after I3C but not butyrate administration, and neutralization of IL-22 prevented the beneficial effects of I3C against colitis, as well as blocked I3C-mediated dysbiosis and butyrate induction. This study suggests that I3C attenuates colitis primarily through induction of IL-22, which leads to modulation of gut microbiota that promote antiinflammatory butyrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip B. Busbee
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Lorenzo Menzel
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Haider Rasheed Alrafas
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Nicholas Dopkins
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - William Becker
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Kathryn Miranda
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Chaunbing Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina College of Arts and Sciences, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Udai P. Singh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Mitzi Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Prakash S. Nagarkatti
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
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Shi C, Zhang H, Wang X, Jin B, Jia Q, Li Y, Yang Y. Cinnamtannin D1 attenuates autoimmune arthritis by regulating the balance of Th17 and treg cells through inhibition of aryl hydrocarbon receptor expression. Pharmacol Res 2019; 151:104513. [PMID: 31706010 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The suppression of the abnormal systemic immune response constitutes a primary strategy for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA); toward this end, the identification of natural compounds with immunosuppressive activity represents a promising strategy for RA drug discovery. Cinnamtannin D1 (CTD-1), a polyphenolic compound isolated from Cinnamomum tamala, was previously reported to possess good immunosuppressive activity. However, the beneficial effect of CTD-1 on RA is currently unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-arthritic effect of CTD-1 in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice and clarify the underlying mechanisms. CTD-1 treatment significantly alleviated the severity of CIA mice, affording reduced clinical scores and paw swelling, along with reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and cartilage damage in the joints; in addition, the serum levels of IL-17, IL-6, and IL-1β were decreased whereas those of TGF-β and IL-10 were increased. CTD-1-treated mice exhibited lower frequency of Th17 cells and higher frequency of Treg cells compared to those in untreated mice, indicating that the balance of Th17/Treg cells may serve as the target for CTD-1. Consistent with this, in ex vivo assays, CTD-1 inhibited Th17 cell differentiation through the downregulation of phospho-STAT3/RORγt, whereas it promoted Treg differentiation by upregulating phospho-STAT5/Foxp3 in response to the stimulation of collagen type II. Moreover, in an in vitro naïve CD4+ T cell differentiation assay, CTD-1 directly inhibited Th17 cell differentiation and promoted Treg differentiation, suggesting that CTD-1 regulated the balance of Th17 and Treg cells to inhibit excessive immune response. Furthermore, the regulation effect of CTD-1 on Th17 and Treg cells was dependent on Ahr expression, as this effect was abolished when Ahr was knocked down and was impaired when Ahr was overexpressed. Together, our results indicated that CTD-1 treatment benefits CIA mice by regulating Th17 and Treg differentiation through the inhibition of AHR expression, and suggested a potential application of CTD-1 toward RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Shi
- Experimental Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyue Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Experimental Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingliang Jin
- Experimental Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yifu Yang
- Experimental Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Shao L, Pan S, Zhang QP, Jamal M, Chen LH, Yin Q, Wu YJ, Xiong J, Xiao RJ, Kwong YL, Zhou FL, Lie AKW. An Essential Role of Innate Lymphoid Cells in the Pathophysiology of Graft-vs.-Host Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1233. [PMID: 31244831 PMCID: PMC6563595 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT) is the only curative treatment for multiple hematologic malignancies and non-malignant hematological diseases. However, graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD), one of the main complications after allo-HSCT, remains the major reason for morbidity and non-relapse mortality. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) play a non-redundant role in the pathophysiology of GVHD. In this review, we will summarize previously published data regarding the role of ILCs in the pathogenesis of GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shao
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shan Pan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu-Ping Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Jamal
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lu-Hua Chen
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qian Yin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying-Jie Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Xiong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui-Jing Xiao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yok-Lam Kwong
- Division of Hematology & BMT Center, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fu-Ling Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Albert K W Lie
- Division of Hematology & BMT Center, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
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Fung KY, Nguyen PM, Putoczki T. The expanding role of innate lymphoid cells and their T-cell counterparts in gastrointestinal cancers. Mol Immunol 2019; 110:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Pharmacological effects of TAK-828F: an orally available RORγt inverse agonist, in mouse colitis model and human blood cells of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:493-509. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Langgartner D, Lowry CA, Reber SO. Old Friends, immunoregulation, and stress resilience. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:237-269. [PMID: 30386921 PMCID: PMC6334733 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
There is a considerable body of evidence indicating that chronic adverse experience, especially chronic psychosocial stress/trauma, represents a major risk factor for the development of many somatic and affective disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the mechanisms underlying the development of chronic stress-associated disorders are still in large part unknown, and current treatment and prevention strategies lack efficacy and reliability. A greater understanding of mechanisms involved in the development and persistence of chronic stress-induced disorders may lead to novel approaches to prevention and treatment of these disorders. In this review, we provide evidence indicating that increases in immune (re-)activity and inflammation, potentially promoted by a reduced exposure to immunoregulatory microorganisms ("Old Friends") in today's modern society, may be causal factors in mediating the vulnerability to development and persistence of stress-related pathologies. Moreover, we discuss strategies to increase immunoregulatory processes and attenuate inflammation, as for instance contact with immunoregulatory Old Friends, which appears to be a promising strategy to promote stress resilience and to prevent/treat chronic stress-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Langgartner
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Denver Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), Denver, CO, 80220, USA
- Military and Veteran Microbiome Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Denver, CO, 80220, USA
| | - Stefan O Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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Identification of the novel role of butyrate as AhR ligand in human intestinal epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:643. [PMID: 30679727 PMCID: PMC6345974 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37019-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The ligand activated transcription factor, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) emerged as a critical regulator of immune and metabolic processes in the gastrointestinal tract. In the gut, a main source of AhR ligands derives from commensal bacteria. However, many of the reported microbiota-derived ligands have been restricted to indolyl metabolites. Here, by screening commensal bacteria supernatants on an AhR reporter system expressed in human intestinal epithelial cell line (IEC), we found that the short chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate induced AhR activity and the transcription of AhR-dependent genes in IECs. We showed that AhR ligand antagonists reduced the effects of butyrate on IEC suggesting that butyrate could act as a ligand of AhR, which was supported by the nuclear translocation of AhR induced by butyrate and in silico structural modelling. In conclusion, our findings suggest that (i) butyrate activates AhR pathway and AhR-dependent genes in human intestinal epithelial cell-lines (ii) butyrate is a potential ligand for AhR which is an original mechanism of gene regulation by SCFA.
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Neavin DR, Liu D, Ray B, Weinshilboum RM. The Role of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) in Immune and Inflammatory Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123851. [PMID: 30513921 PMCID: PMC6321643 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a nuclear receptor that modulates the response to environmental stimuli. It was recognized historically for its role in toxicology but, in recent decades, it has been increasingly recognized as an important modulator of disease—especially for its role in modulating immune and inflammatory responses. AHR has been implicated in many diseases that are driven by immune/inflammatory processes, including major depressive disorder, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, and allergic responses, among others. The mechanisms by which AHR has been suggested to impact immune/inflammatory diseases include targeted gene expression and altered immune differentiation. It has been suggested that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are near AHR-regulated genes may contribute to AHR-dependent disease mechanisms/pathways. Further, we have found that SNPs that are outside of nuclear receptor binding sites (i.e., outside of AHR response elements (AHREs)) may contribute to AHR-dependent gene regulation in a SNP- and ligand-dependent manner. This review will discuss the evidence and mechanisms of AHR contributions to immune/inflammatory diseases and will consider the possibility that SNPs that are outside of AHR binding sites might contribute to AHR ligand-dependent inter-individual variation in disease pathophysiology and response to pharmacotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew R Neavin
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA.
| | - Duan Liu
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA.
| | - Balmiki Ray
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA.
| | - Richard M Weinshilboum
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA.
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Wang JS, Lee WJ, Lee IT, Lin SY, Lee WL, Liang KW, Lin SJ, Sheu WHH. Negative association between serum aryl hydrocarbon receptor concentrations and β-cell function in patients with no history of diabetes undergoing coronary angiography. J Diabetes 2018; 10:958-964. [PMID: 29802768 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between serum aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) levels and insulin resistance and β-cell function in patients undergoing coronary angiography with no history of diabetes. METHODS Patients with no history of diabetes who had undergone coronary angiography underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 2-4 weeks after discharge from hospital; blood samples were collected for measurements of glucose, insulin, and AhR. Patients' glucose regulation status was determined on the basis of the OGTT. Insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). β-Cell function was assessed using the insulinogenic index (IGI). RESULTS The study included 473 patients (mean (±SD) age 61 ±12 years, 81.8% male, mean body mass index 26.1 ±3.6 kg/m2 ). Overall, mean serum AhR concentrations were 25.1 ±12.2 pg/mL. Patients with normal glucose tolerance had a lower serum AhR concentrations than patients with prediabetes or newly diagnosed diabetes (23.4 ±10.8 vs 26.2 ±13.2 and 26.9 ±12.3 pg/mL, respectively; P = 0.029). Linear regression analysis revealed that serum AhR concentrations were not associated with HOMA-IR, but were negatively associated with IGI after adjustment for several confounders, including HOMA-IR (β = -0.162; 95% confidence interval - 0.302, -0.022; P = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS In patients with no history of diabetes, serum AhR concentrations were negatively associated with β-cell function, independent of several confounders, including insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Sing Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jane Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Te Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lieng Lee
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kae-Woei Liang
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Jong Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Healthcare and Services Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Technology, College of Life Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mucosal immune cells in the intestinal tract are continuously exposed to a barrage of both foreign and endogenously generated metabolites, termed xenobiotics, and endobiotics, respectively. This review summarizes recent insights into the mechanisms by which xenobiotics and endobiotics regulate intestinal immunity and inflammation. RECENT FINDINGS The community of enteric microbes (i.e., microbiota) has profound impacts on the development and function of the mucosal immune system. The composition and function of gut microbiota is dynamically regulated by diet, and this interplay dictates which and how many immunomodulatory xenobiotics are present in the intestine. Microbiota also regulate the concentration and composition of circulating bile acids, an abundant class of liver-derived endobiotics with pleotropic immunoregulatory activities. A growing body of literature is emerging that sheds new light on the mechanisms by which xenobiotics and endobiotics interact with germline-encoded receptors and transporters to shape mucosal immune function. SUMMARY The complex and dynamic interplay among xenobiotics, endobiotics, and the mucosal immune system is a new frontier in mucosal immunology that is proving fruitful for the discovery of novel and pharmacologically accessible mechanisms with relevance to human inflammatory diseases.
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Costantini C, Renga G, Oikonomou V, Paolicelli G, Borghi M, Pariano M, De Luca A, Puccetti M, Stincardini C, Mosci P, Bartoli A, Zelante T, Romani L. The Mast Cell-Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Interplay at the Host-Microbe Interface. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:7396136. [PMID: 30510489 PMCID: PMC6230381 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7396136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 02/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are increasingly being recognized as crucial cells in the response of the organism to environmental agents. Interestingly, the ability of mast cells to sense and respond to external cues is modulated by the microenvironment that surrounds mast cells and influences their differentiation. The scenario that is emerging unveils a delicate equilibrium that balances the effector functions of mast cells to guarantee host protection without compromising tissue homeostasis. Among the environmental components able to mold mast cells and fine-tune their effector functions, the microorganisms that colonize the human body, collectively known as microbiome, certainly play a key role. Indeed, microorganisms can regulate not only the survival, recruitment, and maturation of mast cells but also their activity by setting the threshold required for the exploitation of their different effector functions. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge about the mechanisms underlying the ability of the microorganisms to regulate mast cell physiology and discuss potential deviations that result in pathological consequences. We will discuss the pivotal role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in sensing the environment and shaping mast cell adaptation at the host-microbe interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Costantini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Giorgia Renga
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Vasilis Oikonomou
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Paolicelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Monica Borghi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Marilena Pariano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Antonella De Luca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Matteo Puccetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Claudia Stincardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Paolo Mosci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Andrea Bartoli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Teresa Zelante
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia 06132, Italy
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The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Preferentially Marks and Promotes Gut Regulatory T Cells. Cell Rep 2018; 21:2277-2290. [PMID: 29166616 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.10.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The local environment may affect the development and function of tissue-resident T regulatory cells (Tregs), which are crucial for controlling inflammation. Although the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr), an environmental sensor, is expressed by Tregs, its role in Treg cell development and/or function remains elusive. Here, we generated mouse genetic models to ablate or activate Ahr expression specifically in Tregs. We showed that Ahr was expressed more abundantly by peripherally induced Tregs (pTregs) in the gut and that its expression was independent of microbiota. Ahr was important for Treg gut homing and function. Ahr inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines produced by Tregs but was dispensable for Treg stability. Furthermore, Ahr-expressing Tregs had enhanced in vivo suppressive activity compared with Tregs lacking Ahr expression in a T cell transfer model of colitis. Our data suggest that Ahr signaling in Tregs may be important for gut immune homeostasis.
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35
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Melnik BC, John SM, Chen W, Plewig G. T helper 17 cell/regulatory T-cell imbalance in hidradenitis suppurativa/acne inversa: the link to hair follicle dissection, obesity, smoking and autoimmune comorbidities. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:260-272. [PMID: 29573406 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disintegration of the infundibula of terminal hair follicles (HFs) in intertriginous skin areas exhibits the histological hallmark of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS)/acne inversa, featuring a dissecting terminal hair folliculitis. Elevated serum levels of interleukin (IL)-17 and local increase in the ratio of proinflammatory T helper (Th)17 cells and anti-inflammatory regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been reported. Perifollicular Tregs play a key role in HF stem cell homeostasis and infundibular integrity. OBJECTIVES In this review, we evaluate the Th17/Treg ratio in HS, its aggravating conditions and associated comorbidities. Furthermore, we intended to clarify whether drugs with reported beneficial effects in the treatment of HS readjust the deviated Th17/Treg axis. METHODS PubMed-listed, peer-reviewed original research articles characterizing Th17/Treg regulation in HS/acne inversa and associated comorbidities were selected for this review. RESULTS This review presents HS as a disease that exhibits an increased Th17/Treg ratio. Perifollicular deficiencies in Treg numbers or function may disturb HF stem cell homeostasis, initiating infundibular dissection of terminal HFs and perifollicular inflammation. The Th17/Treg imbalance is aggravated by obesity, smoking and decreased Notch signalling. In addition, HS-associated autoimmune diseases exhibit a disturbed Th17/Treg axis resulting in a Th17-dominant state. All drugs that have beneficial effects in the treatment of HS normalize the Th17/Treg ratio. CONCLUSIONS HS immunopathogenesis is closely related to deviations of the Th17/Treg balance, which may negatively affect Treg-controlled HF stem cell homeostasis and infundibular integrity. Pharmacological intervention should not only attenuate Th17/IL-17 signalling, but should also improve Treg function in order to stabilize HF stem cell homeostasis and infundibular integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - S M John
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - W Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - G Plewig
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Kiyomatsu-Oda M, Uchi H, Morino-Koga S, Furue M. Protective role of 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ), an endogenous ligand for arylhydrocarbon receptor, in chronic mite-induced dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 90:284-294. [PMID: 29500077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2018.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic eczema such as atopic dermatitis imposes significant socio-econo-psychologic burdens on the affected individuals. In addition to conventional topical treatments, phototherapy is recommended for patients with extensive lesions. Although immunosuppression is believed to explain its primary effectiveness, the underlying mechanisms of phototherapy remain unsolved. Ultraviolet irradiation generates various tryptophan photoproducts including 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]-carbazole (FICZ). FICZ is known to be a potent endogenous agonist for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR); however, the biological role of FICZ in chronic eczema is unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of FICZ on chronic eczema such as atopic dermatitis. METHODS We stimulated HaCaT cells and normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) with or without FICZ and then performed quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence, and siRNA treatment. We used the atopic dermatitis-like NC/Nga murine model and treated the mice for 2 weeks with either Vaseline® as a control, FICZ ointment, or betamethasone 17-valerate ointment. The dermatitis score, transepidermal water loss, histology, and expression of skin barrier genes and proteins were evaluated. RESULTS FICZ significantly upregulated the gene expression of filaggrin in both HaCaT cells and NHEKs in an AHR-dependent manner, but did not affect the gene expression of other barrier-related proteins. In addition, FICZ improved the atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation, clinical scores, and transepidermal water loss in NC/Nga mice compared with those of control mice. On histology, FICZ significantly reduced the epidermal and dermal thickness as well as the number of mast cells. Topical FICZ also significantly reduced the gene expression of Il22. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the beneficial role of FICZ-AHR and provide a new strategic basis for developing new drugs for chronic eczema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Kiyomatsu-Oda
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Uchi
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Saori Morino-Koga
- Department of Cell Division, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Masutaka Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; Research and Clinical Center for Yusho and Dioxin, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Mohammadi H, Sharafkandi N, Hemmatzadeh M, Azizi G, Karimi M, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Baradaran B, Babaloo Z. The role of innate lymphoid cells in health and disease. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:4512-4529. [PMID: 29058773 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are kind of innate immune cells which can be divided into three main subsets according to their cytokine release profile, transcription factors, and surface markers. ILCs affect the initial stages of immunity in response to microbes and participate in immunity, inflammation, and tissue repair. ILCs modulate immunity through resistance to the pathogens and regulation of autoimmune inflammation and metabolic homeostasis. Therefore dysregulation of ILCs may lead to chronic pathologies such as allergies (i.e., asthma), inflammation (i.e., inflammatory bowel disease), and autoimmunity (i.e., psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and ankylosing spondylitis). Regarding the critical role of ILCs in the regulation of immune system, the elucidation of their function in different conditions makes an interesting target for improvement of novel therapeutic approach to modulate an immune response in different disease context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Mohammadi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nadia Sharafkandi
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Hemmatzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Imam Hassan Mojtaba Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Babaloo
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Geremia A, Arancibia-Cárcamo CV. Innate Lymphoid Cells in Intestinal Inflammation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1296. [PMID: 29081776 PMCID: PMC5645495 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the intestine that encompasses Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis. The cause of IBD is unknown, but the evidence suggests that an aberrant immune response toward the commensal bacterial flora is responsible for disease in genetically susceptible individuals. Results from animal models of colitis and human studies indicate a role for innate lymphoid cells (ILC) in the pathogenesis of chronic intestinal inflammation in IBD. ILC are a population of lymphocytes that are enriched at mucosal sites, where they play a protective role against pathogens including extracellular bacteria, helminthes, and viruses. ILC lack an antigen-specific receptor, but can respond to environmental stress signals contributing to the rapid orchestration of an early immune response. Several subsets of ILC reflecting functional characteristics of T helper subsets have been described. ILC1 express the transcription factor T-bet and are characterized by secretion of IFNγ, ILC2 are GATA3+ and secrete IL5 and IL13 and ILC3 depend on expression of RORγt and secrete IL17 and IL22. However, ILC retain a degree of plasticity depending on exposure to cytokines and environmental factors. IL23 responsive ILC have been implicated in the pathogenesis of colitis in several innate murine models through the production of IL17, IFNγ, and GM-CSF. We have previously identified IL23 responsive ILC in the human intestine and found that they accumulate in the inflamed colon and small bowel of patients with CD. Other studies have confirmed accumulation of ILC in CD with increased frequencies of IFNγ-secreting ILC1 in both the intestinal lamina propria and the epithelium. Moreover, IL23 driven IL22 producing ILC have been shown to drive bacteria-induced colitis-associated cancer in mice. Interestingly, our data show increased ILC accumulation in patients with IBD and primary sclerosing cholangitis, who carry an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. ILC may play an important amplifying role in IBD and IBD-associated cancer, through secretion of inflammatory cytokines and interaction with other immune and non-immune cells. Here, we will review the evidence indicating a role for ILC in the pathogenesis of chronic intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Geremia
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Carolina V Arancibia-Cárcamo
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Lin Y, Krogh-Andersen K, Hammarström L, Marcotte H. Lactobacillus delivery of bioactive interleukin-22. Microb Cell Fact 2017; 16:148. [PMID: 28830549 PMCID: PMC5567760 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-017-0762-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-22 (IL-22) plays a prominent role in epithelial regeneration and dampening of chronic inflammatory responses by protecting intestinal stem cells from immune-mediated tissue damage. IL-22 has a considerable therapeutic potential in graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), which is a frequent and challenging complication following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The aim of our study was to engineer Lactobacillus for delivery of IL-22 directly to the intestinal mucosa as a new therapeutic strategy for GVHD. RESULTS The secretion and surface anchoring of mouse IL-22 by Lactobacillus paracasei BL23 was demonstrated by Western blot and flow cytometry. Both secreted and anchored mouse IL-22 produced by Lactobacillus was biologically active, as determined by its ability to induce IL-10 secretion in the Colo 205 human colon cancer cell line. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated the secretion and surface anchoring of bioactive IL-22 by Lactobacillus. Our results suggest that IL-22 expressing lactobacilli may potentially be a useful mucosal therapeutic agent for the treatment of GVHD, provided that chromosomal integration of the IL-22 expression cassettes can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Lin
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kasper Krogh-Andersen
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lennart Hammarström
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harold Marcotte
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
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Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR): "pioneer member" of the basic-helix/loop/helix per-Arnt-sim (bHLH/PAS) family of "sensors" of foreign and endogenous signals. Prog Lipid Res 2017; 67:38-57. [PMID: 28606467 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The basic-helix/loop/helix per-Arnt-sim (bHLH/PAS) family comprises many transcription factors, found throughout all three kingdoms of life; bHLH/PAS members "sense" innumerable intracellular and extracellular "signals" - including endogenous compounds, foreign chemicals, gas molecules, redox potential, photons (light), gravity, heat, and osmotic pressure. These signals then initiate downstream signaling pathways involved in responding to that signal. The term "PAS", abbreviation for "per-Arnt-sim" was first coined in 1991. Although the mouse Arnt gene was not identified until 1991, evidence of its co-transcriptional binding partner, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), was first reported in 1974 as a "sensor" of foreign chemicals, up-regulating cytochrome P450 family 1 (CYP1) and other enzyme activities that usually metabolize the signaling chemical. Within a few years, AHR was proposed also to participate in inflammation. The mouse [Ah] locus was shown (1973-1989) to be relevant to chemical carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, toxicity and teratogenesis, the mouse Ahr gene was cloned in 1992, and the first Ahr(-/-) knockout mouse line was reported in 1995. After thousands of studies from the early 1970s to present day, we now realize that AHR participates in dozens of signaling pathways involved in critical-life processes, affecting virtually every organ and cell-type in the animal, including many invertebrates.
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41
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Development of innate lymphoid cells. Nat Immunol 2017; 17:775-82. [PMID: 27328007 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a family of immune effector cells that have important roles in host defense, metabolic homeostasis and tissue repair but can also contribute to inflammatory diseases such as asthma and colitis. These cells can be categorized into three groups on the basis of the transcription factors that direct their function and the cytokines they produce, which parallel the effector functions of T lymphocytes. The hierarchy of cell-fate-restriction events that occur as common lymphoid progenitors become committed to each of the ILC lineages further underscores the relationship between these innate immune cells and T lymphocytes. In this Review we discuss the developmental program of ILCs and transcription factors that guide ILC lineage specification and commitment.
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Vaidyanathan B, Chaudhry A, Yewdell WT, Angeletti D, Yen WF, Wheatley AK, Bradfield CA, McDermott AB, Yewdell JW, Rudensky AY, Chaudhuri J. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor controls cell-fate decisions in B cells. J Exp Med 2016; 214:197-208. [PMID: 28011866 PMCID: PMC5206498 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaidyanathan et al. report that the environmental sensor aryl hydrocarbon receptor is inducibly expressed in B cells downstream of BCR signaling and that it controls B cell fates by negatively modulating class switching and plasma cell differentiation via aicda and prdm1, respectively. Generation of cellular heterogeneity is an essential feature of the adaptive immune system. This is best exemplified during humoral immune response when an expanding B cell clone assumes multiple cell fates, including class-switched B cells, antibody-secreting plasma cells, and memory B cells. Although each cell type is essential for immunity, their generation must be exquisitely controlled because a class-switched B cell cannot revert back to the parent isotype, and a terminally differentiated plasma cell cannot contribute to the memory pool. In this study, we show that an environmental sensor, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is highly induced upon B cell activation and serves a critical role in regulating activation-induced cell fate outcomes. We find that AhR negatively regulates class-switch recombination ex vivo by altering activation-induced cytidine deaminase expression. We further demonstrate that AhR suppresses class switching in vivo after influenza virus infection and immunization with model antigens. In addition, by regulating Blimp-1 expression via Bach2, AhR represses differentiation of B cells into plasmablasts ex vivo and antibody-secreting plasma cells in vivo. These experiments suggest that AhR serves as a molecular rheostat in B cells to brake the effector response, possibly to facilitate optimal recall responses. Thus, AhR might represent a novel molecular target for manipulation of B cell responses during vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Vaidyanathan
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065.,Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065
| | - Ashutosh Chaudhry
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - William T Yewdell
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065
| | - Davide Angeletti
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Wei-Feng Yen
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065.,Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | - Adrian B McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Jonathan W Yewdell
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Alexander Y Rudensky
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ludwig Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065.,Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jayanta Chaudhuri
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065 .,Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065
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43
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Sinomenine induces the generation of intestinal Treg cells and attenuates arthritis via activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor. J Transl Med 2016; 96:1076-86. [PMID: 27617398 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2016.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sinomenine (SIN), an anti-arthritis drug, has previously been proven to exert immunomodulatory activity in rats by inducing intestinal regulatory T-cells (Treg cells). Here, we assessed the effect of SIN on the generation and function of Treg cells in autoimmune arthritis, and the underlying mechanisms in view of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). The proportions of Treg cells and IL-17-producing T-cells (Th17 cells) differentiated from naive T-cells were analyzed by flow cytometric analysis. The AhR agonistic effect of SIN was tested by analyzing the activation of downstream signaling pathways and target genes. The dependence of intestinal Treg cell induction and arthritis alleviation by SIN on AhR activation was confirmed in a mouse collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model. SIN promoted the differentiation and function of intestinal Treg cells in vitro. It induced the expression and activity of AhR target gene, promoted AhR/Hsp90 dissociation and AhR nuclear translocation, induced XRE reporter activity, and facilitated AhR/XRE binding in vitro, displaying the potential to be an agonist of AhR. In CIA mice, SIN induced the generation of intestinal Treg cells, and facilitated the immunosuppressive function of these Treg cells as shown by an adoptive transfer test. In addition, the induction of intestinal Treg cells and the anti-arthritic effect of SIN in CIA mice could be largely diminished by the AhR antagonist resveratrol. SIN attenuates arthritis by promoting the generation and function of Treg cells in an AhR-dependent manner.
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44
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Lowry CA, Smith DG, Siebler PH, Schmidt D, Stamper CE, Hassell JE, Yamashita PS, Fox JH, Reber SO, Brenner LA, Hoisington AJ, Postolache TT, Kinney KA, Marciani D, Hernandez M, Hemmings SMJ, Malan-Muller S, Wright KP, Knight R, Raison CL, Rook GAW. The Microbiota, Immunoregulation, and Mental Health: Implications for Public Health. Curr Environ Health Rep 2016; 3:270-86. [PMID: 27436048 PMCID: PMC5763918 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-016-0100-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The hygiene or "Old Friends" hypothesis proposes that the epidemic of inflammatory disease in modern urban societies stems at least in part from reduced exposure to microbes that normally prime mammalian immunoregulatory circuits and suppress inappropriate inflammation. Such diseases include but are not limited to allergies and asthma; we and others have proposed that the markedly reduced exposure to these Old Friends in modern urban societies may also increase vulnerability to neurodevelopmental disorders and stress-related psychiatric disorders, such as anxiety and affective disorders, where data are emerging in support of inflammation as a risk factor. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the potential for Old Friends, including environmental microbial inputs, to modify risk for inflammatory disease, with a focus on neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions. We highlight potential mechanisms, involving bacterially derived metabolites, bacterial antigens, and helminthic antigens, through which these inputs promote immunoregulation. Though findings are encouraging, significant human subjects' research is required to evaluate the potential impact of Old Friends, including environmental microbial inputs, on biological signatures and clinically meaningful mental health prevention and intervention outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0354, USA.
| | - David G Smith
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0354, USA
| | - Philip H Siebler
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0354, USA
| | - Dominic Schmidt
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0354, USA
| | - Christopher E Stamper
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0354, USA
| | - James E Hassell
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0354, USA
| | - Paula S Yamashita
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0354, USA
| | - James H Fox
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0354, USA
| | - Stefan O Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lisa A Brenner
- Departments of Psychiatry, Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado, Anschutz School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Veterans Integrated Service Network (VISN) 19, Denver, CO, 80220, USA
| | - Andrew J Hoisington
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO, 80840, USA
| | - Teodor T Postolache
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Rocky Mountain MIRECC, Denver, CO, 80220, USA
- VISN 5 MIRECC, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Kerry A Kinney
- Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | | | - Mark Hernandez
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Sian M J Hemmings
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
| | - Stefanie Malan-Muller
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, 7505, South Africa
| | - Kenneth P Wright
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, 1725 Pleasant Street, Boulder, CO, 80309-0354, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Departments of Pediatrics and Computer Science and Engineering, and Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Charles L Raison
- School of Human Ecology and School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Graham A W Rook
- Center for Clinical Microbiology, UCL (University College London), WC1E 6BT, London, UK
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Li J, Doty A, Glover SC. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling involves in the human intestinal ILC3/ILC1 conversion in the inflamed terminal ileum of Crohn's disease patients. INFLAMMATION AND CELL SIGNALING 2016; 3. [PMID: 28286805 PMCID: PMC5341615 DOI: 10.14800/ics.1404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are emerging as important components of our immune system that have critical effector and regulatory functions in both innate and adaptive immune responses. They are enriched at mucosal surfaces, such as lung and intestine. Our previous work has shown that Lineage−CRTH2−CD45+NKp44−CD117−CD127+ILC1s accumulated in the inflamed terminal ileum of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) at the expense of NKp44+ILC3s. This phenotype conversion impairs the intestinal barrier integrity and contributes to the dysregulated immune responses of CD patients. Our next step was to search for pathways to modulate this phenotype switch. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor. Initial studies of AHR concentrated on its role in the detoxification of xenobiotics. However, recent research has focused on the immune system. Especially, AHR pathway is proven to be essential for the maintenance of intestinal ILC3s in mouse models. We examined whether AHR pathway participated in the human intestinal ILC phenotype change in the inflamed terminal ileum of CD patients. As anticipated, NKp44+ILC3s, NKp44−ILC3s and ILC1s had differential AHR expression. This AHR signaling mediated CD117 expression on the surface of ILC3s. The conversion from ILC3 to ILC1 was accompanied by the downregulation of AHR expression. We further observed that there was a disparity between AHR protein expression and mRNA expression in the inflamed terminal ileum tissues of CD patients compared to unaffected areas. These findings suggest that AHR pathway is also important for human intestinal ILC phenotype regulation and impaired AHR signaling in the inflamed gut of CD patients possibly contributes to the ILC3/ILC1 conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida P.O. Box 100214, Gainesville, FL, 32610 USA
| | - Andria Doty
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida P.O. Box 100214, Gainesville, FL, 32610 USA
| | - Sarah C Glover
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Florida P.O. Box 100214, Gainesville, FL, 32610 USA
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Yin J, Sheng B, Qiu Y, Yang K, Xiao W, Yang H. Role of AhR in positive regulation of cell proliferation and survival. Cell Prolif 2016; 49:554-60. [PMID: 27523394 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is an important nuclear transcription factor that is best known for mediating toxic responses by adjusting numbers of metabolism-related enzymes, including CYP1A1 and CYP1B1. Previous findings have revealed that, in addition to negatively regulating cell proliferation and survival, AhR may also positively regulate these pathways. Here, we review these findings and summarize distinct mechanisms by which AhR promotes cell proliferation and survival, including modulation of receptor expression, growth factor signalling and apoptosis, regulating the cell cycle and promoting cytokine expression. This review will aid better understanding the role of AhR in positive regulation of cell proliferation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiuheng Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Baifa Sheng
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Yuan Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Kunqiu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Weidong Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China.
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Burcelin R. Gut microbiota and immune crosstalk in metabolic disease. Mol Metab 2016; 5:771-81. [PMID: 27617200 PMCID: PMC5004167 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota is considered as a major regulator of metabolic disease. This reconciles the notion of metabolic inflammation and the epidemic development of the disease. In addition to evidence showing that a specific gut microbiota characterizes patients with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and hepatic steatosis, the mechanisms causal to the disease could be related to the translocation of microbiota from the gut to the tissues, inducing inflammation. The mechanisms regulating such a process are based on the crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the host immune system. The hologenome theory of evolution supports this concept and implies that therapeutic strategies aiming to control glycemia should take into account both the gut microbiota and the host immune system. Scope of review This review discusses the latest evidence regarding the bidirectional impact of the gut microbiota on host immune system crosstalk for the control of metabolic disease, hyperglycemia, and obesity. To avoid redundancies with the literature, we will focus our attention on the intestinal immune system, identifying evidence for the generation of novel therapeutic strategies, which could be based on the control of the translocation of gut bacteria to tissues. Such novel strategies should hamper the role played by gut microbiota dysbiosis on the development of metabolic inflammation. Major conclusions Recent evidence in rodents allows us to conclude that an impaired intestinal immune system characterizes and could be causal in the development of metabolic disease. The fine understanding of the molecular mechanisms should allow for the development of a first line of treatment for metabolic disease and its co-morbidities. This article is part of a special issue on microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémy Burcelin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Toulouse, France
- Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 1048, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), F-31432 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Inserm 1048, Hôpital Rangueil, 31400 Toulouse, France. Tel.: +33 561 32 56 14; fax: +33 561 32 56 21.Inserm 1048Hôpital RangueilToulouse31400France
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48
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Cochez PM, Michiels C, Hendrickx E, Van Belle AB, Lemaire MM, Dauguet N, Warnier G, de Heusch M, Togbe D, Ryffel B, Coulie PG, Renauld JC, Dumoutier L. AhR modulates the IL-22-producing cell proliferation/recruitment in imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model. Eur J Immunol 2016; 46:1449-59. [PMID: 27000947 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201546070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
IL-22 has a detrimental role in skin inflammatory processes, for example in psoriasis. As transcription factor, AhR controls the IL-22 production by several cell types (i.e. Th17 cells). Here, we analyzed the role of Ahr in IL-22 production by immune cells in the inflamed skin, using an imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model. Our results indicate that IL-22 is expressed in the ear of imiquimod-treated Ahr(-/-) mice but less than in wild-type mice. We then studied the role of AhR on three cell populations known to produce IL-22 in the skin: γδ T cells, Th17 cells, and ILC3, and a novel IL-22-producing cell type identified in this setting: CD4(-) CD8(-) TCRβ(+) T cells. We showed that AhR is required for IL-22 production by Th17, but not by the three other cell types, in the imiquimod-treated ears. Moreover, AhR has a role in the recruitment of γδ T cells, ILC3, and CD4(-) CD8(-) TCRβ(+) T cells into the inflamed skin or in their local proliferation. Taken together, AhR has a direct role in IL-22 production by Th17 cells in the mouse ear skin, but not by γδ T cells, CD4(-) CD8(-) TCRβ(+) T cells and ILCs.
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MESH Headings
- Aminoquinolines/adverse effects
- Animals
- Cell Proliferation
- Chemotaxis/genetics
- Chemotaxis/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Imiquimod
- Immunity, Innate/genetics
- Immunity, Innate/immunology
- Interleukins/biosynthesis
- Interleukins/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Psoriasis/etiology
- Psoriasis/metabolism
- Psoriasis/pathology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/deficiency
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/genetics
- Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Th17 Cells/immunology
- Th17 Cells/metabolism
- Interleukin-22
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Affiliation(s)
- Perrine M Cochez
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Belgium
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Camille Michiels
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Belgium
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emilie Hendrickx
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Belgium
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Astrid B Van Belle
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Belgium
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Muriel M Lemaire
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Belgium
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Dauguet
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Guy Warnier
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Belgium
| | - Magali de Heusch
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Belgium
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dieudonnée Togbe
- INEM-UMR7355, Molecular Immunology, University of Orleans, Orleans, France
- CNRS, UMR7355 and Artimmune SAS, Orleans, France
| | - Bernhard Ryffel
- INEM-UMR7355, Molecular Immunology, University of Orleans, Orleans, France
- CNRS, UMR7355 and Artimmune SAS, Orleans, France
| | - Pierre G Coulie
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Renauld
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Belgium
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laure Dumoutier
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch, Belgium
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Norisoboldine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, acts as an aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand to induce intestinal Treg cells and thereby attenuate arthritis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 75:63-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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50
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Megna BW, Carney PR, Kennedy GD. Intestinal inflammation and the diet: Is food friend or foe? World J Gastrointest Surg 2016; 8:115-123. [PMID: 26981185 PMCID: PMC4770165 DOI: 10.4240/wjgs.v8.i2.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 11/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic intestinal illness of autoimmune origin affecting millions across the globe. The most common subtypes include ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease. While many medical treatments for IBD exist, none come without the risk of significant immunosuppression and in general do not have benign side effect profiles. Surgical intervention exists only as radical resection for medically refractory UC. There exists a dire need for novel treatments that target the inherent pathophysiologic disturbances of IBD, rather than global immune suppression. One avenue of investigation that could provide such an agent is the interaction between certain dietary elements and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). The AHR is a cytosolic transcription factor with a rich history in environmental toxicant handling, however, recently a role has emerged for the AHR as a modulator of the gastrointestinal immune system. Studies have come to elucidate these effects to include the enhancement of Th cell subset differentiation, interactions between enteric flora and the luminal wall, and modulation of inflammatory interleukin and cytokine signaling. This review highlights advancements in our understanding of AHR activity in the digestive tract and how this stimulation may be wrought by certain dietary “micronutriceuticals”, namely indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and its derivatives. Greater clarity surrounding these dynamics could lead to a novel diet-derived agonist of the AHR which is not only non-toxic, but also efficacious in the amelioration of clinical IBD.
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