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Khan WA, Penrose B, Shabala S, Zhang X, Cao F, Zhou M. Mapping QTL for Mineral Accumulation and Shoot Dry Biomass in Barley under Different Levels of Zinc Supply. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14333. [PMID: 37762635 PMCID: PMC10532338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a common limiting factor in agricultural soils, which leads to significant reduction in both the yield and nutritional quality of agricultural produce. Exploring the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for shoot and grain Zn accumulation would help to develop new barley cultivars with greater Zn accumulation efficiency. In this study, two glasshouse experiments were conducted by growing plants under adequate and low Zn supply. From the preliminary screening of ten barley cultivars, Sahara (0.05 mg/pot) and Yerong (0.06 mg/pot) showed the lowest change in shoot Zn accumulation, while Franklin (0.16 mg/pot) had the highest change due to changes in Zn supply for plant growth. Therefore, the double haploid (DH) population derived from Yerong × Franklin was selected to identify QTL for shoot mineral accumulation and biomass production. A major QTL hotspot was detected on chromosome 2H between 31.91 and 73.12 cM encoding genes for regulating shoot mineral accumulations of Zn, Fe, Ca, K and P, and the biomass. Further investigation demonstrated 16 potential candidate genes for mineral accumulation, in addition to a single candidate gene for shoot biomass in the identified QTL region. This study provides a useful resource for enhancing nutritional quality and yield potential in future barley breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Amjad Khan
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; (W.A.K.); (B.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Beth Penrose
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; (W.A.K.); (B.P.); (S.S.)
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; (W.A.K.); (B.P.); (S.S.)
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Xueqing Zhang
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Fangbin Cao
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; (W.A.K.); (B.P.); (S.S.)
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Patial M, Chauhan R, Chaudhary HK, Pramanick KK, Shukla AK, Kumar V, Verma RPS. Au-courant and novel technologies for efficient doubled haploid development in barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.). Crit Rev Biotechnol 2022; 43:575-593. [PMID: 35435095 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2050181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Bounteous modern and innovative biotechnological tools have resulted in progressive development in the barley breeding program. Doubled haploids developed (homozygous lines) in a single generation is significant. Since the first discovery of haploid plants in 1920 and, in particular, after discovering in vitro androgenesis in 1964 by Guha and Maheshwari, the doubled haploidy techniques have been progressively developed and constantly improved. It has shortened the cultivar development time and has been extensively used in: genetic studies, gene mapping, marker/trait association, and QTL studies. In barley, the haploid occurrence developed gradually from being a sporadic and random process (spontaneous) to haploid development by in vivo method of modified pollination or by in vitro culture of immature male or female gametophytes. Although significant improvement in DH induction protocols has been made, challenges still exist for improvement in areas such as: low efficiency, albinism, genotypic specificity etc. Here, the paper focuses on: haploidization via different in vitro, in vivo techniques, the recent advances technologies like centromere-mediated haploidization, hap induction gene, and Doubled haploid CRISPR. The au-courant work of different researchers in barley using these technologies is reviewed. Studies on different factors affecting haploid induction and work on genome doubling of barley haploids to produce DH lines via spontaneous and induced technologies has also been highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Patial
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Shimla, Himachal, India
| | - Ruchi Chauhan
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Shimla, Himachal, India
| | | | - Kallol K Pramanick
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Shimla, Himachal, India
| | - Arun K Shukla
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Shimla, Himachal, India
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3
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Abstract
In this chapter, we present a list of species (and few interspecific hybrids) where haploids and/or doubled haploids have been published, including the method by which they were obtained and the corresponding references. This list is an update of the compilation work of Maluszynski et al. published in 2003, including new species for which protocols were not available at that time, and also novel methodologies developed during these years. The list includes 383 different backgrounds. In this book, we present full protocols to produce DHs in 43 of the species included in this list. In addition, this book includes a chapter for one species not included in the list. This makes a total of 384 species where haploids and/or DHs have been reported up to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Seguí-Simarro
- Cell Biology Group - COMAV Institute, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain.
| | | | | | - Ricardo Mir
- Cell Biology Group - COMAV Institute, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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4
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Cistué L, Echávarri B. Barley Isolated Microspore Culture. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2287:187-97. [PMID: 34270030 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1315-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The production of doubled haploids (DHs) has proved to be a highly valuable tool to obtain new cultivars. Among the cereals, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is the most successful species in large-scale haploid production. Techniques employed for this purpose are based on either the gynogenetic or the androgenetic pathway. Interspecific cross with Hordeum bulbosum L., haploid gene inducer (the hap gene), ovary culture, anther culture (AC), and isolated microspore culture (IMC) are the most used methods. Among all of them, IMC is regarded as a particularly effective system owing to the great increase in green plant numbers per spike and also the higher induction of chromosome doubling when compared with other methods. Thus, IMC provides the best way to mass scale production of new varieties.
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5
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Dong YQ, Zhao WX, Li XH, Liu XC, Gao NN, Huang JH, Wang WY, Xu XL, Tang ZH. Androgenesis, gynogenesis, and parthenogenesis haploids in cucurbit species. Plant Cell Rep 2016; 35:1991-2019. [PMID: 27379846 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Haploids and doubled haploids are critical components of plant breeding. This review is focused on studies on haploids and double haploids inducted in cucurbits through in vitro pollination with irradiated pollen, unfertilized ovule/ovary culture, and anther/microspore culture during the last 30 years, as well as comprehensive analysis of the main factors of each process and comparison between chromosome doubling and ploidy identification methods, with special focus on the application of double haploids in plant breeding and genetics. This review identifies existing problems affecting the efficiency of androgenesis, gynogenesis, and parthenogenesis in cucurbit species. Donor plant genotypes and surrounding environments, developmental stages of explants, culture media, stress factors, and chromosome doubling and ploidy identification are compared at length and discussed as methodologies and protocols for androgenesis, gynogenesis, and parthenogenesis in haploid and double haploid production technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qi Dong
- Department of Vegetable Breeding and Biotechnology, Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 518, Xiner Road, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Wei-Xing Zhao
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 116, Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Li
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 116, Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xi-Cun Liu
- Department of Vegetable Breeding and Biotechnology, Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 518, Xiner Road, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Ning-Ning Gao
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 116, Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jin-Hua Huang
- Department of Vegetable Breeding and Biotechnology, Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 518, Xiner Road, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Wen-Ying Wang
- Department of Vegetable Breeding and Biotechnology, Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 518, Xiner Road, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Xiao-Li Xu
- Institute of Horticulture, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 116, Huayuan Road, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhen-Hai Tang
- Department of Vegetable Breeding and Biotechnology, Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 518, Xiner Road, Xinxiang, Henan, China.
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6
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Lu R, Chen Z, Gao R, He T, Wang Y, Xu H, Guo G, Li Y, Liu C, Huang J. Genotypes-Independent Optimization of Nitrogen Supply for Isolated Microspore Cultures in Barley. Biomed Res Int 2016; 2016:1801646. [PMID: 27525264 PMCID: PMC4976150 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1801646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To establish a high-efficiency system of isolated microspore culture for different barley genotypes, we investigated the effects of nitrogen sources and concentrations on callus induction and plant regeneration in different barley genotypes. The results showed that the organic nitrogen sources greatly increased the callus induction, and the great reduction of total nitrogen sources would significantly decrease the callus induction. And the further optimization experiments revealed that the increasing of organic nitrogen sources was much important in callus induction while it seemed different in plant regeneration. Based on the great effects of organic nitrogen on callus induction, the medium of N6-ANO1/4-2000 might be the best choice for the microspore culture system. In addition, the phylogenetic analysis indicated that there were clear differences of genetic backgrounds among these barley genotypes, and it also suggested that this medium for microspore culture had widespread utilization in different barley genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiju Lu
- Biotech Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Biotech Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Runhong Gao
- Biotech Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Ting He
- Biotech Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Biotech Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Hongwei Xu
- Biotech Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Guimei Guo
- Biotech Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Yingbo Li
- Biotech Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Chenghong Liu
- Biotech Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Biotech Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai 201106, China
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7
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Esteves P, Belzile F. Improving the efficiency of isolated microspore culture in six-row spring barley: I-optimization of key physical factors. Plant Cell Rep 2014; 33:993-1001. [PMID: 24563120 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1583-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An improved isolated microspore culture protocol alleviating the recalcitrance typically observed in six-row spring barley was developed by optimizing four key physical factors to increase embryogenesis and reduce albinism. Doubled haploid (DH) plants are completely homozygous individuals that can be generated in just a few months via androgenesis in vitro. DHs are useful tools in genetic research and in plant breeding. Isolated microspore culture (IMC) is the most efficient way to produce DHs, but a strong genotype dependency imposes limitations to its wide application. Six-row, spring barley genotypes are considered as particularly recalcitrant due to a low frequency of embryogenesis and a high rate of albinism. Seeking to develop an efficient IMC protocol for this type of barley, we explored four important factors: (1) the harvest stage of immature spikes, (2) the type of pretreatment applied, (3) the osmotic potential in the induction medium, and (4) the plating density of microspores. This work was first performed using four barley genotypes: two typical six-row spring cultivars (ACCA and Léger), a two-row spring (Gobernadora) and a two-row winter (Igri) cultivar. First, by optimizing the harvest stage for each genotype we obtained a twofold to fourfold increase in the yield of embryogenic microspores. Second, two pretreatments (0.3 M mannitol for 2 days, or a combination of cold and heat over 15 days) both performed significantly better than the commonly used cold pretreatment (28 days at 4 °C). Third, an induction medium-containing mannitol (32 g/l) doubled green plant regeneration. Fourth, a plating density of 10(6) microspores/ml yielded the highest number of green regenerated plants. Our most important findings were then confirmed using sets of F1s from a six-row, spring-type breeding program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricio Esteves
- Département de phytologie, Faculté des sciences de l'agriculture et de l'alimentation, Pavillon Paul-Comtois, Université Laval, 2425, rue de l'Agriculture, Local 3236, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
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8
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Targońska M, Hromada-Judycka A, Bolibok-Brągoszewska H, Rakoczy-Trojanowska M. The specificity and genetic background of the rye (Secale cereale L.) tissue culture response. Plant Cell Rep 2013; 32:1-9. [PMID: 23007688 PMCID: PMC3535354 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-012-1342-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Rye is one of the most important crops in Eastern and Northern Europe. Despite the numerous beneficial features of rye, its annual production decreases successively which correlates with the lack of progress in its breeding compared with other cereals. Biotechnological methods could effectively improve the breeding of rye. However, their application is highly limited by the absence of an efficient procedure for plant regeneration in vitro, since rye is one of the most recalcitrant cereals with regard to the tissue culture response (TCR), and successful regeneration is highly dependent on genotype. Efforts to understand the genetic mechanisms controlling TCR of rye have elucidated some basic aspects, and several genes and genome regions controlling this trait have been identified. The aim of this review is to summarize the limited current knowledge of this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Targońska
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, SGGW, Nowoursynowska St 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
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9
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Wrobel J, Barlow PW, Gorka K, Nabialkowska D, Kurczynska EU. Histology and symplasmic tracer distribution during development of barley androgenic embryos. Planta 2011; 233:873-81. [PMID: 21225281 PMCID: PMC3074072 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-010-1345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study concerns three aspects of barley androgenesis: (1) the morphology and histology of the embryos during their development, (2) the time course of fluorescent symplasmic tracers' distribution, and (3) the correlation between symplasmic communication and cell differentiation. The results indicate that barley embryos, which are developing via an androgenic pathway, resemble their zygotic counterparts with respect to their developmental stages, morphology and histology. Analysis of the distribution of the symplasmic tracers, HPTS, and uncaged fluorescein indicates the symplasmic isolation of (1) the protodermis from the underlying cells of the late globular stage onwards, and (2) the embryonic organs at the mature stage of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Wrobel
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, University of Silesia, ul. Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Peter W. Barlow
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol, BS8 1UG UK
| | - Karolina Gorka
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, University of Silesia, ul. Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Danuta Nabialkowska
- Department of Genetics, University of Silesia, ul. Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa U. Kurczynska
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, University of Silesia, ul. Jagiellońska 28, 40-032 Katowice, Poland
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10
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Li H, Kilian A, Zhou M, Wenzl P, Huttner E, Mendham N, Mcintyre L, Vaillancourt RE. Construction of a high-density composite map and comparative mapping of segregation distortion regions in barley. Mol Genet Genomics 2010; 284:319-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00438-010-0570-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Sidhu PK, Davies PA. Regeneration of fertile green plants from oat isolated microspore culture. Plant Cell Rep 2009; 28:571-7. [PMID: 19247663 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-009-0684-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Revised: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2009] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration of fertile green plants from isolated oat microspores is reported for the first time. Factors critical for microspore growth and regeneration include cold pre-treatment, pH of culture medium and the use of conditioned culture medium. It was found that cold pre-treatment at 4 degrees C in the dark for a minimum of 6 weeks was necessary to consistently achieve microspore growth into multicellular structures (MCS). Longer pre-treatments of up to 9 weeks were tested and found to be positively correlated with the number of MCS produced. Microspore culture medium with pH 8.0 produced significantly more MCS larger than eight cells in size than media with pH 5.8. The use of medium conditioned by actively growing barley microspores significantly increased the numbers of MCS larger than eight cells in size compared to non-conditioned media. Plants were regenerated only from cultures using conditioned medium. A total of 2 green plants and 15 albinos were regenerated. Of the green plants, one had the haploid chromosome complement (n = 3x = 21) and the other had the parental hexaploid chromosome complement (2n = 6x = 42) which may be due to spontaneous chromosome doubling. The hexaploid plant set seed naturally and the haploid plant set seed after its chromosome complement was doubled with colchicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parminder K Sidhu
- South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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12
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Kim M, Jang IC, Kim JA, Park EJ, Yoon M, Lee Y. Embryogenesis and plant regeneration of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) through isolated microspore culture. Plant Cell Rep 2008; 27:425-34. [PMID: 17851663 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-007-0442-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2007] [Revised: 08/18/2007] [Accepted: 08/29/2007] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We report high frequencies of embryo production and plant regeneration through isolated microspore culture of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Microspores cultured in modified NLN medium (NLNS) divided and developed to embryos. Globular and heart-shaped embryos were observed from 3 weeks after the beginning of culture, and many embryos reached the cotyledonary stage after 4 weeks of culture. These cotyledonary embryos developed to plantlets after transfer to solid B5 basal medium. We also optimized conditions for embryo production by varying the pretreatment media, the carbon sources, and culture densities. Heat shock treatment in sucrose-starvation medium was more effective than in B5 medium. Direct comparisons of sucrose and maltose as carbon sources clearly demonstrated the superiority of sucrose compared to maltose, with the highest frequency of embryo production being obtained in 9% (w/v) sucrose. Microspore plating density was critical for efficient embryonic induction and development, with an optimal plating density of 8 x 10(4)-10 x 10(4)/ml. Under our optimized culture conditions, we obtained over 54 embryos, and an average of 5.5 cotyledonary embryos when 10 x 10(4) microspores were grown on an individual plate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonza Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Mokwon University, Seo-Gu, Taejon, South Korea.
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13
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Oleszczuk S, Sowa S, Zimny J. Androgenic response to preculture stress in microspore cultures of barley. Protoplasma 2006; 228:95-100. [PMID: 16937060 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-006-0179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2005] [Accepted: 06/08/2005] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Various stresses such as starvation and cold or heat shocks have been identified as triggers in the induction of the microspore embryogenesis. This study attempts to quantify the effects of different pretreatment conditions for successful microspore culture of malting barley (cv. Scarlett). While the sporophytic microspore development could be induced from treated and nontreated microspores, abiotic stress was essential for embryo formation and plant regeneration. The type of stress treatment applied affected the numbers and the ratios of albino and green plants regenerated, as well as their fertility. The highest number of green plants was obtained after the treatment of anthers in 0.3 M mannitol at 32 degrees C for 24 h before microspore culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Oleszczuk
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Cytogenetics, Institute of Plant Breeding and Acclimatization, Blonie, Poland.
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Pulido A, Bakos F, Castillo A, Vallés MP, Barnabas B, Olmedilla A. Cytological and ultrastructural changes induced in anther and isolated-microspore cultures in barley: Fe deposits in isolated-microspore cultures. J Struct Biol 2005; 149:170-81. [PMID: 15681233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2004.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2004] [Revised: 09/06/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To gain further insight into the role played by sporophytic anther tissues in the early stages of the androgenic process, we have compared the cytology and ultrastructure of barley embryogenic pollen grains obtained by anther culture with those obtained by isolated-microspore culture. The microspores behaved similarly in both culture systems but ultrastructural studies detected a significant difference: the presence of electron-dense deposits on the intine of embryogenic pollen grains generated by isolated-microspore culture compared to their absence in grains generated by anther culture. To discover the nature of these deposits, we applied proteinase K and EDTA treatments to ultrathin sections. We also subjected the deposits to X-ray microanalysis and found that they contained iron. Anthers and isolated microspores were cultured in media containing different concentrations of iron so as to evaluate the presence of these deposits on the intine. Deposits were not found in anther cultures at any iron concentration used or in microspore cultures when concentrations were lower than 40 mg/L. The Fe deposits on the intine appear to derive from an excess of Fe in the isolated-microspore culture medium which, if allowed to pass through the cell wall, could well be toxic to the embryogenic development of the microspores.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pulido
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, EEZ (CSIC), Professor Albareda 1, E-18008 Granada, Spain
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15
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Abstract
Embryogenesis and plant regeneration have been obtained from isolated immature pollen of two poplar hybrids (Populus nigra L. x hybrid 'Aue1' and 'Aue2'). In total, 1487 calli or embryos, respectively, larger than 1 mm were generated in a 2-year study. By using a cytokinin containing induction medium, on average 19 calli per responsive immature catkin were formed. Additional supplementation with auxin in 2002 increased the frequency to 72 calli per catkin. Microsatellite marker analyses confirmed haploid origin in most regenerants studied. So far six out of eight obtained regenerative callus lines have maintained their haploid level up to 24 months of development. A number of haploid and doubled haploid plants of different lines are available and have been transferred to soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Deutsch
- Federal Research Centre for Forestry and Forest Products, Institute for Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Sieker Landstrasse 2, D-22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany
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Abstract
Several species of lupin (Lupinus spp.) are grown in Australia as crop and pasture plants. Lupin breeding, and legume breeding in general, is constrained by the inability to produce doubled haploid (DH) plants, which would accelerate the selection and release of new varieties. This technology is still in the developmental phase for legumes, although other major grain crops such as wheat, barley, and canola successfully use DHs on a commercial scale. A new, reproducible method of microspore culture that leads to cell division and pro-embryos in lupin is reported here. Microspores at the late uninucleate stage of development are mechanically isolated from lupin buds and embryogenesis induced by a combined heat shock and sucrose starvation stress treatment. Addition of further components to the growth medium promotes division of up to 50% of microspores to ≥16 cells within 24 h. Further development of these multicellular structures or pro-embryos appears to be limited by the rigid outer exine layer, which needs to rupture for continued cell division to the globular embryo stage. Further research is required to break this barrier to development of haploid lupin embryos.
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