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Barrow ER, Valionyte E, Baxter CR, Yang Y, Herath S, O'Connell WA, Lopatecka J, Strachan A, Woznica W, Stephenson HN, Fejer G, Sharma V, Lu B, Luo S. Discovery of SQSTM1/p62-dependent P-bodies that regulate the NLRP3 inflammasome. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113935. [PMID: 38460129 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy and ribonucleoprotein granules, such as P-bodies (PBs) and stress granules, represent vital stress responses to maintain cellular homeostasis. SQSTM1/p62 phase-separated droplets are known to play critical roles in selective autophagy; however, it is unknown whether p62 can exist as another form in addition to its autophagic droplets. Here, we found that, under stress conditions, including proteotoxicity, endotoxicity, and oxidation, autophagic p62 droplets are transformed to a type of enlarged PBs, termed p62-dependent P-bodies (pd-PBs). p62 phase separation is essential for the nucleation of pd-PBs. Mechanistically, pd-PBs are triggered by enhanced p62 droplet formation upon stress stimulation through the interactions between p62 and DDX6, a DEAD-box ATPase. Functionally, pd-PBs recruit the NLRP3 inflammasome adaptor ASC to assemble the NLRP3 inflammasome and induce inflammation-associated cytotoxicity. Our study shows that p62 droplet-to-PB transformation acts as a stress response to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome process, suggesting that persistent pd-PBs lead to NLRP3-dependent inflammation toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Barrow
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Research Way, PL6 8BU Plymouth, UK
| | - Evelina Valionyte
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Research Way, PL6 8BU Plymouth, UK
| | - Chris R Baxter
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Research Way, PL6 8BU Plymouth, UK
| | - Yi Yang
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Research Way, PL6 8BU Plymouth, UK
| | - Sharon Herath
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Research Way, PL6 8BU Plymouth, UK
| | - William A O'Connell
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Research Way, PL6 8BU Plymouth, UK
| | - Justyna Lopatecka
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, PL4 8AA Plymouth, UK
| | - Alexander Strachan
- Plymouth Electron Microscopy Centre, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, PL4 8AA Plymouth, UK
| | - Waldemar Woznica
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Research Way, PL6 8BU Plymouth, UK
| | - Holly N Stephenson
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Research Way, PL6 8BU Plymouth, UK
| | - Gyorgy Fejer
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, PL4 8AA Plymouth, UK
| | - Vikram Sharma
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, PL4 8AA Plymouth, UK
| | - Boxun Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China.
| | - Shouqing Luo
- Peninsula Medical School, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Research Way, PL6 8BU Plymouth, UK.
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Antonioni A, Raho EM, Lopriore P, Pace AP, Latino RR, Assogna M, Mancuso M, Gragnaniello D, Granieri E, Pugliatti M, Di Lorenzo F, Koch G. Frontotemporal Dementia, Where Do We Stand? A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11732. [PMID: 37511491 PMCID: PMC10380352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disease of growing interest, since it accounts for up to 10% of middle-age-onset dementias and entails a social, economic, and emotional burden for the patients and caregivers. It is characterised by a (at least initially) selective degeneration of the frontal and/or temporal lobe, generally leading to behavioural alterations, speech disorders, and psychiatric symptoms. Despite the recent advances, given its extreme heterogeneity, an overview that can bring together all the data currently available is still lacking. Here, we aim to provide a state of the art on the pathogenesis of this disease, starting with established findings and integrating them with more recent ones. In particular, advances in the genetics field will be examined, assessing them in relation to both the clinical manifestations and histopathological findings, as well as considering the link with other diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Furthermore, the current diagnostic criteria will be explored, including neuroimaging methods, nuclear medicine investigations, and biomarkers on biological fluids. Of note, the promising information provided by neurophysiological investigations, i.e., electroencephalography and non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, concerning the alterations in brain networks and neurotransmitter systems will be reviewed. Finally, current and experimental therapies will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annibale Antonioni
- Unit of Clinical Neurology, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Doctoral Program in Translational Neurosciences and Neurotechnologies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Maria Raho
- Unit of Clinical Neurology, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Piervito Lopriore
- Neurological Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonia Pia Pace
- Institute of Radiology, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, University Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia, Azienda Sanitaria-Universitaria Friuli Centrale, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Raffaela Rita Latino
- Complex Structure of Neurology, Emergency Department, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Martina Assogna
- Centro Demenze, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', 00133 Rome, Italy
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Neurological Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Gragnaniello
- Nuerology Unit, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, Ferrara University Hospital, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Enrico Granieri
- Unit of Clinical Neurology, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maura Pugliatti
- Unit of Clinical Neurology, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Lorenzo
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Iit@Unife Center for Translational Neurophysiology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Section of Human Physiology, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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3
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Yu CH, Dainton‐Howard H, Mesaros M, Rodriguez‐Porcel F. SQSTM1 Mutation Presenting as a Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Mimic. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2023; 10:839-841. [PMID: 37205240 PMCID: PMC10187011 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cherry H. Yu
- Department of NeurologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Helen Dainton‐Howard
- Department of NeurologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
| | - Maysen Mesaros
- Department of NeurologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
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4
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Zecca C, Tortelli R, Carrera P, Dell'Abate MT, Logroscino G, Ferrari M. Genotype-phenotype correlation in the spectrum of frontotemporal dementia-parkinsonian syndromes and advanced diagnostic approaches. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2022; 60:171-188. [PMID: 36510705 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2022.2150833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The term frontotemporal dementia (FTD) refers to a group of progressive neurodegenerative disorders characterized mainly by atrophy of the frontal and anterior temporal lobes. Based on clinical presentation, three main clinical syndromes have traditionally been described: behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD), non-fluent/agrammatic primary progressive aphasia (nfPPA), and semantic variant PPA (svPPA). However, over the last 20 years, it has been recognized that cognitive phenotypes often overlap with motor phenotypes, either motor neuron diseases or parkinsonian signs and/or syndromes like progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and cortico-basal syndrome (CBS). Furthermore, FTD-related genes are characterized by genetic pleiotropy and can cause, even in the same family, pure motor phenotypes, findings that underlie the clinical continuum of the spectrum, which has pure cognitive and pure motor phenotypes as the extremes. The genotype-phenotype correlation of the spectrum, FTD-motor neuron disease, has been well defined and extensively investigated, while the continuum, FTD-parkinsonism, lacks a comprehensive review. In this narrative review, we describe the current knowledge about the genotype-phenotype correlation of the spectrum, FTD-parkinsonism, focusing on the phenotypes that are less frequent than bvFTD, namely nfPPA, svPPA, PSP, CBS, and cognitive-motor overlapping phenotypes (i.e. PPA + PSP). From a pathological point of view, they are characterized mainly by the presence of phosphorylated-tau inclusions, either 4 R or 3 R. The genetic correlate of the spectrum can be heterogeneous, although some variants seem to lead preferentially to specific clinical syndromes. Furthermore, we critically review the contribution of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) in disentangling the complex heritability of the FTD-parkinsonism spectrum and in defining the genotype-phenotype correlation of the entire clinical scenario, owing to the ability of these techniques to test multiple genes, and so to allow detailed investigations of the overlapping phenotypes. Finally, we conclude with the importance of a detailed genetic characterization and we offer to patients and families the chance to be included in future randomized clinical trials focused on autosomal dominant forms of FTLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Zecca
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Pia Fondazione Card G. Panico Hospital, Tricase, Italy
| | - Rosanna Tortelli
- Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paola Carrera
- Unit of Genomics for Human Disease Diagnosis and Clinical Molecular Biology Laboratory, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Dell'Abate
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Pia Fondazione Card G. Panico Hospital, Tricase, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Logroscino
- Department of Clinical Research in Neurology, Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Pia Fondazione Card G. Panico Hospital, Tricase, Italy.,Department of Basic Medicine Sciences, Neuroscience, and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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5
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Rossi G, Salvi E, Mehmeti E, Ricci M, Villa C, Prioni S, Moda F, Di Fede G, Tiraboschi P, Redaelli V, Coppola C, Koch G, Canu E, Filippi M, Agosta F, Giaccone G, Caroppo P. Semantic and right temporal variant of FTD: Next generation sequencing genetic analysis on a single-center cohort. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1085406. [PMID: 36570531 PMCID: PMC9773257 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1085406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Semantic and right temporal variant of frontotemporal dementia (svFTD and rtvFTD) are rare clinical phenotypes in which, in most cases, the underlying pathology is TDP-43 proteinopathy. They are usually sporadic disorders, but recent evidences suggest a higher frequency of genetic mutations for the right temporal versus the semantic variant. However, the genetic basis of these forms is not clear. In this study we performed a genetic screening of a single-center cohort of svFTD and rtvFTD patients, aiming at identifying the associated genetic variants. A panel of 73 dementia candidate genes has been analyzed by NGS target sequencing including both causal and risk/modifier genes in 23 patients (15 svFTD and 8 rtvFTD) and 73 healthy age-matched controls. We first performed a single variant analysis considering rare variants and then a gene-based aggregation analysis to evaluate the cumulative effects of multiple rare variants in a single gene. We found 12 variants in nearly 40% of patients (9/23), described as pathogenic or classified as VUS/likely pathogenic. The overall rate was higher in svFTD than in rtvFTD. Three mutations were located in MAPT gene and single mutations in the following genes: SQSTM1, VCP, PSEN1, TBK1, OPTN, CHCHD10, PRKN, DCTN1. Our study revealed the presence of variants in genes involved in pathways relevant for the pathology, especially autophagy and inflammation. We suggest that molecular analysis should be performed in all svFTD and rtvFTD patients, to better understand the genotype-phenotype correlation and the pathogenetic mechanisms that could drive the clinical phenotypes in FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomina Rossi
- Neurology V and Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy,*Correspondence: Giacomina Rossi,
| | - Erika Salvi
- Neuroalgology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Elkadia Mehmeti
- Neuroalgology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Ricci
- Neurology V and Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Villa
- Neurology V and Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Prioni
- Clinical Neuropsychology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabio Moda
- Neurology V and Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Fede
- Neurology V and Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Tiraboschi
- Neurology V and Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Redaelli
- Neurology V and Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Coppola
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit/Department of Behavioral and Clinical Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Canu
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Filippi
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy,Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy,Unit of Neurorehabilitation, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy,Neurophysiology Service, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Agosta
- Neuroimaging Research Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy,Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giaccone
- Neurology V and Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Caroppo
- Neurology V and Neuropathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
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6
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Hu R, Qian B, Li A, Fang Y. Role of Proteostasis Regulation in the Turnover of Stress Granules. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314565. [PMID: 36498892 PMCID: PMC9741362 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and RNAs can form dynamic, liquid droplet-like cytoplasmic condensates, known as stress granules (SGs), in response to a variety of cellular stresses. This process is driven by liquid-liquid phase separation, mediated by multivalent interactions between RBPs and RNAs. The formation of SGs allows a temporary suspension of certain cellular activities such as translation of unnecessary proteins. Meanwhile, non-translating mRNAs may also be sequestered and stalled. Upon stress removal, SGs are disassembled to resume the suspended biological processes and restore the normal cell functions. Prolonged stress and disease-causal mutations in SG-associated RBPs can cause the formation of aberrant SGs and/or impair SG disassembly, consequently raising the risk of pathological protein aggregation. The machinery maintaining protein homeostasis (proteostasis) includes molecular chaperones and co-chaperones, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, autophagy, and other components, and participates in the regulation of SG metabolism. Recently, proteostasis has been identified as a major regulator of SG turnover. Here, we summarize new findings on the specific functions of the proteostasis machinery in regulating SG disassembly and clearance, discuss the pathological and clinical implications of SG turnover in neurodegenerative disorders, and point to the unresolved issues that warrant future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rirong Hu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Beituo Qian
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ang Li
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration of Ministry of Education, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (Y.F.); Tel.: +86-21-6858-2510 (Y.F.)
| | - Yanshan Fang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (Y.F.); Tel.: +86-21-6858-2510 (Y.F.)
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Yin P, Bai D, Deng F, Zhang C, Jia Q, Zhu L, Chen L, Li B, Guo X, Ye J, Tan Z, Wang L, Li S, Li XJ. SQSTM1-mediated clearance of cytoplasmic mutant TARDBP/TDP-43 in the monkey brain. Autophagy 2022; 18:1955-1968. [PMID: 34936539 PMCID: PMC9466617 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.2013653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytoplasmic accumulation and aggregates of TARDBP/TDP-43 (TAR DNA binding protein) are a pathological hallmark in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. We previously reported that the primate specific cleavage of TARDBP accounts for its cytoplasmic mislocalization in the primate brains, prompting us to further investigate how the cytoplasmic TARDBP mediates neuropathology. Here we reported that cytoplasmic mutant TARDBP reduced SQSTM1 expression selectively in the monkey brain, when compared with the mouse brain, by inducing SQSTM1 mRNA instability via its binding to the unique 3'UTR sequence (GU/UG)n of the primate SQSTM1 transcript. Overexpression of SQSTM1 could diminish the cytoplasmic C-terminal TARDBP accumulation in the monkey brain by augmenting macroautophagy/autophagy activity. Our findings provide additional clues for the pathogenesis of cytoplasmic TARDBP and a potential therapy for mutant TARDBP-mediated neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Yin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of Cns Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dazhang Bai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of Cns Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuyu Deng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of Cns Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of Cns Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingqing Jia
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of Cns Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longhong Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of Cns Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Laiqiang Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of Cns Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of Cns Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of Cns Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianmeng Ye
- Guangdong Landao Biotechnology Co. Ltd, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Tan
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shihua Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of Cns Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Non-human Primate Research, Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of Cns Regeneration, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease affecting upper and lower motor neurons (MNs). Since the identification of the first ALS mutation in 1993, more than 40 genes have been associated with the disorder. The most frequent genetic causes of ALS are represented by mutated genes whose products challenge proteostasis, becoming unable to properly fold and consequently aggregating into inclusions that impose proteotoxic stress on affected cells. In this context, increasing evidence supports the central role played by autophagy dysfunctions in the pathogenesis of ALS. Indeed, in early stages of disease, high levels of proteins involved in autophagy are present in ALS MNs; but at the same time, with neurodegeneration progression, autophagy-mediated degradation decreases, often as a result of the accumulation of toxic protein aggregates in affected cells. Autophagy is a complex multistep pathway that has a central role in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Several proteins are involved in its tight regulation, and importantly a relevant fraction of ALS-related genes encodes products that directly take part in autophagy, further underlining the relevance of this key protein degradation system in disease onset and progression. In this review, we report the most relevant findings concerning ALS genes whose products are involved in the several steps of the autophagic pathway, from phagophore formation to autophagosome maturation and transport and finally to substrate degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cozzi
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Farmacologiche E Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Veronica Ferrari
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Farmacologiche E Biomolecolari, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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9
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Koçoğlu C, Ferrari R, Roes M, Vandeweyer G, Kooy RF, van Broeckhoven C, Manzoni C, van der Zee J. Protein interaction network analysis reveals genetic enrichment of immune system genes in frontotemporal dementia. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 116:67-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Acosta-Uribe J, Aguillón D, Cochran JN, Giraldo M, Madrigal L, Killingsworth BW, Singhal R, Labib S, Alzate D, Velilla L, Moreno S, García GP, Saldarriaga A, Piedrahita F, Hincapié L, López HE, Perumal N, Morelo L, Vallejo D, Solano JM, Reiman EM, Surace EI, Itzcovich T, Allegri R, Sánchez-Valle R, Villegas-Lanau A, White CL, Matallana D, Myers RM, Browning SR, Lopera F, Kosik KS. A neurodegenerative disease landscape of rare mutations in Colombia due to founder effects. Genome Med 2022; 14:27. [PMID: 35260199 PMCID: PMC8902761 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Colombian population, as well as those in other Latin American regions, arose from a recent tri-continental admixture among Native Americans, Spanish invaders, and enslaved Africans, all of whom passed through a population bottleneck due to widespread infectious diseases that left small isolated local settlements. As a result, the current population reflects multiple founder effects derived from diverse ancestries. METHODS We characterized the role of admixture and founder effects on the origination of the mutational landscape that led to neurodegenerative disorders under these historical circumstances. Genomes from 900 Colombian individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) [n = 376], frontotemporal lobar degeneration-motor neuron disease continuum (FTLD-MND) [n = 197], early-onset dementia not otherwise specified (EOD) [n = 73], and healthy participants [n = 254] were analyzed. We examined their global and local ancestry proportions and screened this cohort for deleterious variants in disease-causing and risk-conferring genes. RESULTS We identified 21 pathogenic variants in AD-FTLD related genes, and PSEN1 harbored the majority (11 pathogenic variants). Variants were identified from all three continental ancestries. TREM2 heterozygous and homozygous variants were the most common among AD risk genes (102 carriers), a point of interest because the disease risk conferred by these variants differed according to ancestry. Several gene variants that have a known association with MND in European populations had FTLD phenotypes on a Native American haplotype. Consistent with founder effects, identity by descent among carriers of the same variant was frequent. CONCLUSIONS Colombian demography with multiple mini-bottlenecks probably enhanced the detection of founder events and left a proportionally higher frequency of rare variants derived from the ancestral populations. These findings demonstrate the role of genomically defined ancestry in phenotypic disease expression, a phenotypic range of different rare mutations in the same gene, and further emphasize the importance of inclusiveness in genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Acosta-Uribe
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.,Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - David Aguillón
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Margarita Giraldo
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.,Instituto Neurológico de Colombia (INDEC), Medellín, Colombia
| | - Lucía Madrigal
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Bradley W Killingsworth
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Rijul Singhal
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Sarah Labib
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Diana Alzate
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Lina Velilla
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Sonia Moreno
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Gloria P García
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Amanda Saldarriaga
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Francisco Piedrahita
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Liliana Hincapié
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Hugo E López
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Nithesh Perumal
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Leonilde Morelo
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Universidad del Sinú, Montería, Colombia
| | - Dionis Vallejo
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Juan Marcos Solano
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Ezequiel I Surace
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Fleni-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tatiana Itzcovich
- Laboratorio de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Fleni-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo Allegri
- Centro de Memoria y Envejecimiento (Fleni-CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Raquel Sánchez-Valle
- Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS and University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Villegas-Lanau
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Charles L White
- Neuropathology Section, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Diana Matallana
- Instituto de Envejecimiento, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontifical Xaverian University, Bogotá, Colombia.,Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitario Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Sharon R Browning
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Francisco Lopera
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, School of Medicine, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
| | - Kenneth S Kosik
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Molecular Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
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11
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Boag MK, Roberts A, Uversky VN, Ma L, Richardson DR, Pountney DL. Ferritinophagy and α-Synuclein: Pharmacological Targeting of Autophagy to Restore Iron Regulation in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2378. [PMID: 35216492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A major hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the fatal destruction of dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra pars compacta. This event is preceded by the formation of Lewy bodies, which are cytoplasmic inclusions composed of α-synuclein protein aggregates. A triad contribution of α-synuclein aggregation, iron accumulation, and mitochondrial dysfunction plague nigral neurons, yet the events underlying iron accumulation are poorly understood. Elevated intracellular iron concentrations up-regulate ferritin expression, an iron storage protein that provides cytoprotection against redox stress. The lysosomal degradation pathway, autophagy, can release iron from ferritin stores to facilitate its trafficking in a process termed ferritinophagy. Aggregated α-synuclein inhibits SNARE protein complexes and destabilizes microtubules to halt vesicular trafficking systems, including that of autophagy effectively. The scope of this review is to describe the physiological and pathological relationship between iron regulation and α-synuclein, providing a detailed understanding of iron metabolism within nigral neurons. The underlying mechanisms of autophagy and ferritinophagy are explored in the context of PD, identifying potential therapeutic targets for future investigation.
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12
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Nel M, Mahungu AC, Monnakgotla N, Botha GR, Mulder NJ, Wu G, Rampersaud E, van Blitterswijk M, Wuu J, Cooley A, Myers J, Rademakers R, Taylor JP, Benatar M, Heckmann JM. Revealing the Mutational Spectrum in Southern Africans With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Neurol Genet 2022; 8:e654. [PMID: 35047667 PMCID: PMC8756565 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives To perform the first screen of 44 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) genes in a cohort of African genetic ancestry individuals with ALS using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data. Methods One hundred three consecutive cases with probable/definite ALS (using the revised El Escorial criteria), and self-categorized as African genetic ancestry, underwent WGS using various Illumina platforms. As population controls, 238 samples from various African WGS data sets were included. Our analysis was restricted to 44 ALS genes, which were curated for rare sequence variants and classified according to the American College of Medical Genetics guidelines as likely benign, uncertain significance, likely pathogenic, or pathogenic variants. Results Thirteen percent of 103 ALS cases harbored pathogenic variants; 5 different SOD1 variants (N87S, G94D, I114T, L145S, and L145F) in 5 individuals (5%, 1 familial case), pathogenic C9orf72 repeat expansions in 7 individuals (7%, 1 familial case) and a likely pathogenic ANXA11 (G38R) variant in 1 individual. Thirty individuals (29%) harbored ≥1 variant of uncertain significance; 10 of these variants had limited pathogenic evidence, although this was insufficient to permit confident classification as pathogenic. Discussion Our findings show that known ALS genes can be expected to identify a genetic cause of disease in >11% of sporadic ALS cases of African genetic ancestry. Similar to European cohorts, the 2 most frequent genes harboring pathogenic variants in this population group are C9orf72 and SOD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Nel
- Neurology Research Group (M.N., A.C.M., N.M., J.M.H.), Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town; Computational Biology Division (M.N., A.C.M., N.M., G.R.B., N.J.M.), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa; Center for Applied Bioinformatics (G.W., E.R., J.M.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Department of Neuroscience (M.v.B.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., A.C., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Center for Molecular Neurology (R.R.), University of Antwerp, Belguim; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (J.P.T.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Amokelani C Mahungu
- Neurology Research Group (M.N., A.C.M., N.M., J.M.H.), Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town; Computational Biology Division (M.N., A.C.M., N.M., G.R.B., N.J.M.), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa; Center for Applied Bioinformatics (G.W., E.R., J.M.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Department of Neuroscience (M.v.B.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., A.C., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Center for Molecular Neurology (R.R.), University of Antwerp, Belguim; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (J.P.T.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nomakhosazana Monnakgotla
- Neurology Research Group (M.N., A.C.M., N.M., J.M.H.), Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town; Computational Biology Division (M.N., A.C.M., N.M., G.R.B., N.J.M.), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa; Center for Applied Bioinformatics (G.W., E.R., J.M.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Department of Neuroscience (M.v.B.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., A.C., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Center for Molecular Neurology (R.R.), University of Antwerp, Belguim; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (J.P.T.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gerrit R Botha
- Neurology Research Group (M.N., A.C.M., N.M., J.M.H.), Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town; Computational Biology Division (M.N., A.C.M., N.M., G.R.B., N.J.M.), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa; Center for Applied Bioinformatics (G.W., E.R., J.M.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Department of Neuroscience (M.v.B.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., A.C., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Center for Molecular Neurology (R.R.), University of Antwerp, Belguim; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (J.P.T.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicola J Mulder
- Neurology Research Group (M.N., A.C.M., N.M., J.M.H.), Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town; Computational Biology Division (M.N., A.C.M., N.M., G.R.B., N.J.M.), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa; Center for Applied Bioinformatics (G.W., E.R., J.M.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Department of Neuroscience (M.v.B.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., A.C., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Center for Molecular Neurology (R.R.), University of Antwerp, Belguim; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (J.P.T.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Gang Wu
- Neurology Research Group (M.N., A.C.M., N.M., J.M.H.), Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town; Computational Biology Division (M.N., A.C.M., N.M., G.R.B., N.J.M.), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa; Center for Applied Bioinformatics (G.W., E.R., J.M.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Department of Neuroscience (M.v.B.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., A.C., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Center for Molecular Neurology (R.R.), University of Antwerp, Belguim; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (J.P.T.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Evadnie Rampersaud
- Neurology Research Group (M.N., A.C.M., N.M., J.M.H.), Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town; Computational Biology Division (M.N., A.C.M., N.M., G.R.B., N.J.M.), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa; Center for Applied Bioinformatics (G.W., E.R., J.M.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Department of Neuroscience (M.v.B.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., A.C., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Center for Molecular Neurology (R.R.), University of Antwerp, Belguim; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (J.P.T.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marka van Blitterswijk
- Neurology Research Group (M.N., A.C.M., N.M., J.M.H.), Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town; Computational Biology Division (M.N., A.C.M., N.M., G.R.B., N.J.M.), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa; Center for Applied Bioinformatics (G.W., E.R., J.M.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Department of Neuroscience (M.v.B.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., A.C., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Center for Molecular Neurology (R.R.), University of Antwerp, Belguim; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (J.P.T.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Joanne Wuu
- Neurology Research Group (M.N., A.C.M., N.M., J.M.H.), Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town; Computational Biology Division (M.N., A.C.M., N.M., G.R.B., N.J.M.), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa; Center for Applied Bioinformatics (G.W., E.R., J.M.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Department of Neuroscience (M.v.B.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., A.C., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Center for Molecular Neurology (R.R.), University of Antwerp, Belguim; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (J.P.T.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anne Cooley
- Neurology Research Group (M.N., A.C.M., N.M., J.M.H.), Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town; Computational Biology Division (M.N., A.C.M., N.M., G.R.B., N.J.M.), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa; Center for Applied Bioinformatics (G.W., E.R., J.M.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Department of Neuroscience (M.v.B.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., A.C., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Center for Molecular Neurology (R.R.), University of Antwerp, Belguim; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (J.P.T.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jason Myers
- Neurology Research Group (M.N., A.C.M., N.M., J.M.H.), Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town; Computational Biology Division (M.N., A.C.M., N.M., G.R.B., N.J.M.), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa; Center for Applied Bioinformatics (G.W., E.R., J.M.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Department of Neuroscience (M.v.B.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., A.C., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Center for Molecular Neurology (R.R.), University of Antwerp, Belguim; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (J.P.T.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Neurology Research Group (M.N., A.C.M., N.M., J.M.H.), Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town; Computational Biology Division (M.N., A.C.M., N.M., G.R.B., N.J.M.), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa; Center for Applied Bioinformatics (G.W., E.R., J.M.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Department of Neuroscience (M.v.B.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., A.C., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Center for Molecular Neurology (R.R.), University of Antwerp, Belguim; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (J.P.T.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J Paul Taylor
- Neurology Research Group (M.N., A.C.M., N.M., J.M.H.), Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town; Computational Biology Division (M.N., A.C.M., N.M., G.R.B., N.J.M.), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa; Center for Applied Bioinformatics (G.W., E.R., J.M.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Department of Neuroscience (M.v.B.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., A.C., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Center for Molecular Neurology (R.R.), University of Antwerp, Belguim; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (J.P.T.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael Benatar
- Neurology Research Group (M.N., A.C.M., N.M., J.M.H.), Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town; Computational Biology Division (M.N., A.C.M., N.M., G.R.B., N.J.M.), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa; Center for Applied Bioinformatics (G.W., E.R., J.M.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Department of Neuroscience (M.v.B.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., A.C., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Center for Molecular Neurology (R.R.), University of Antwerp, Belguim; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (J.P.T.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jeannine M Heckmann
- Neurology Research Group (M.N., A.C.M., N.M., J.M.H.), Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town; Computational Biology Division (M.N., A.C.M., N.M., G.R.B., N.J.M.), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Cape Town, South Africa; Center for Applied Bioinformatics (G.W., E.R., J.M.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Department of Neuroscience (M.v.B.), Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL; Department of Neurology (J.W., A.C., M.B.), University of Miami, FL; Center for Molecular Neurology (R.R.), University of Antwerp, Belguim; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (J.P.T.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; and Neurology (J.M.H.), Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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13
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Keating SS, San Gil R, Swanson ME, Scotter EL, Walker AK. TDP-43 pathology: from noxious assembly to therapeutic removal. Prog Neurobiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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14
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Pytel V, Hernández-Lorenzo L, Torre-Fuentes L, Sanz R, González N, Cabrera-Martín MN, Delgado-Álvarez A, Gómez-Pinedo U, Matías-Guiu J, Matias-Guiu JA. Whole-Exome Sequencing and C9orf72 Analysis in Primary Progressive Aphasia. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:985-990. [PMID: 33612544 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is mainly considered a sporadic disease and few studies have systematically analyzed its genetic basis. We here report the analyses of C9orf72 genotyping and whole-exome sequencing data in a consecutive and well-characterized cohort of 50 patients with PPA. We identified three pathogenic GRN variants, one of them unreported, and two cases with C9orf72 expansions. In addition, one likely pathogenic variant was found in the SQSTM1 gene. Overall, we found 12%of patients carrying pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants. These results support the genetic role in the pathophysiology of a proportion of patients with PPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Pytel
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Health Research Institute "San Carlos" (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos. Health Research Institute "San Carlos" (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Hernández-Lorenzo
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Health Research Institute "San Carlos" (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos. Health Research Institute "San Carlos" (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Torre-Fuentes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos. Health Research Institute "San Carlos" (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Sanz
- Center of Genetic Studies ATG Medical, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Nieves Cabrera-Martín
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Health Research Institute "San Carlos" (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Delgado-Álvarez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Health Research Institute "San Carlos" (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ulises Gómez-Pinedo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos. Health Research Institute "San Carlos" (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Matías-Guiu
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Health Research Institute "San Carlos" (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos. Health Research Institute "San Carlos" (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jordi A Matias-Guiu
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Health Research Institute "San Carlos" (IdISCC), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Llamas-Velasco S, Arteche-López A, Méndez-Guerrero A, Puertas Martín V, Quesada Espinosa JF, Lezana Rosales JM, González-Sánchez M, Blanco-Palmero VA, Palma Milla C, Herrero-San Martín A, Borrego-Hernández D, García-Redondo A, Pérez-Martínez DA, Villarejo-Galende A. Expanding the clinical and genetic spectrum of SQSTM1-related disorders in family with personality disorder and frontotemporal dementia. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2021; 22:552-560. [PMID: 34009082 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2021.1927101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: SQSTM1-variants associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration have been described recently. In this study, we investigated a heterozygous in-frame duplication c.436_462dup p. (Pro146_Cys154dup) in the SQSTM1 gene in a family with a new phenotype characterized by a personality disorder and behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). We review the literature on frontotemporal dementia (FTD) associated with SQSTM1. Methods: The index case and relatives were described, and a genetic study through Whole Exome Sequencing was performed. The literature was reviewed using Medline and Web of Science. Case reports, case series, and cohort studies were included if they provided information on SQSTM1 mutations associated with FTD. Results: Our patient is a 70-year-old man with a personality disorder since youth, familial history of dementia, and personality disorders with a 10-year history of cognitive decline and behavioral disturbances. A diagnosis of probable bvFTD was established, and the in-frame duplication c.436_462dup in the SQSTM1 gene was identified. Segregation analysis in the family confirmed that both affected sons with personality disorder were heterozygous carriers, but not his healthy 65-year-old brother. A total of 14 publications about 57 patients with SQSTM1-related FTD were reviewed, in which the bvFTD subtype was the main phenotype described (66.6%), with a predominance in men (63%) and positive family history in 61.4% of the cases. Conclusions: We describe a heterozygous in-frame duplication c.436_462dup p.(Pro146_Cys154dup) in the SQSTM1 gene, which affects the zinc-finger domain of p62, in a family with a personality disorder and bvFTD, expanding the genetics and clinical phenotype related to SQSTM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Llamas-Velasco
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED).,Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12)
| | - Ana Arteche-López
- Genetic Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Verónica Puertas Martín
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Internacional de la Rioja, Logroño, Spain
| | | | | | - Marta González-Sánchez
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED).,Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12)
| | - Victor Antonio Blanco-Palmero
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED).,Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12)
| | | | - Alejandro Herrero-San Martín
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED).,Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12)
| | - Daniel Borrego-Hernández
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12).,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER)
| | - Alberto García-Redondo
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12).,Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER)
| | - David Andrés Pérez-Martínez
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED).,Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12).,Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Villarejo-Galende
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED).,Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i + 12).,Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Poon A, Saini H, Sethi S, O'Sullivan GA, Plun-Favreau H, Wray S, Dawson LA, McCarthy JM. The role of SQSTM1 (p62) in mitochondrial function and clearance in human cortical neurons. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1276-1289. [PMID: 33891871 PMCID: PMC8185463 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1/p62) is involved in cellular processes such as autophagy and metabolic reprogramming. Mutations resulting in the loss of function of SQSTM1 lead to neurodegenerative diseases including frontotemporal dementia. The pathogenic mechanism that contributes to SQSTM1-related neurodegeneration has been linked to its role as an autophagy adaptor, but this is poorly understood, and its precise role in mitochondrial function and clearance remains to be clarified. Here, we assessed the importance of SQSTM1 in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cortical neurons through the knockout of SQSTM1. We show that SQSTM1 depletion causes altered mitochondrial gene expression and functionality, as well as autophagy flux, in iPSC-derived neurons. However, SQSTM1 is not essential for mitophagy despite having a significant impact on early PINK1-dependent mitophagy processes including PINK1 recruitment and phosphorylation of ubiquitin on depolarized mitochondria. These findings suggest that SQSTM1 is important for mitochondrial function rather than clearance. SQSTM1 is dispensable for cortical neuron differentiation, modeled with human iPSCs Expression of bioenergetic genes is altered in human cortical neurons lacking SQSTM1 Loss of SQSTM1 causes aberration in mitochondrial functionality SQSTM1 affects mitophagic processes but is not required for mitochondrial clearance
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Poon
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, UK
| | - Harpreet Saini
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, UK
| | - Siddharth Sethi
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, UK
| | - Gregory A O'Sullivan
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, UK
| | - Hélène Plun-Favreau
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Selina Wray
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Lee A Dawson
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, UK
| | - James M McCarthy
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, 436 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge CB4 0QA, UK.
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17
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Doblado L, Lueck C, Rey C, Samhan-Arias AK, Prieto I, Stacchiotti A, Monsalve M. Mitophagy in Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083903. [PMID: 33918863 PMCID: PMC8069949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy is a selective autophagic process, essential for cellular homeostasis, that eliminates dysfunctional mitochondria. Activated by inner membrane depolarization, it plays an important role during development and is fundamental in highly differentiated post-mitotic cells that are highly dependent on aerobic metabolism, such as neurons, muscle cells, and hepatocytes. Both defective and excessive mitophagy have been proposed to contribute to age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, metabolic diseases, vascular complications of diabetes, myocardial injury, muscle dystrophy, and liver disease, among others. Pharmacological or dietary interventions that restore mitophagy homeostasis and facilitate the elimination of irreversibly damaged mitochondria, thus, could serve as potential therapies in several chronic diseases. However, despite extraordinary advances in this field, mainly derived from in vitro and preclinical animal models, human applications based on the regulation of mitochondrial quality in patients have not yet been approved. In this review, we summarize the key selective mitochondrial autophagy pathways and their role in prevalent chronic human diseases and highlight the potential use of specific interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Doblado
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (C.L.); (C.R.)
| | - Claudia Lueck
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (C.L.); (C.R.)
| | - Claudia Rey
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (C.L.); (C.R.)
| | - Alejandro K. Samhan-Arias
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid e Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ignacio Prieto
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de la Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Isaac Peral 42, 28015 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Alessandra Stacchiotti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Universita’ Degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
- U.O. Laboratorio di Morfologia Umana Applicata, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Monsalve
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (L.D.); (C.L.); (C.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (M.M.)
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18
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Lok HC, Kwok JB. The Role of White Matter Dysfunction and Leukoencephalopathy/Leukodystrophy Genes in the Aetiology of Frontotemporal Dementias: Implications for Novel Approaches to Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2541. [PMID: 33802612 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a common cause of presenile dementia and is characterized by behavioural and/or language changes and progressive cognitive deficits. Genetics is an important component in the aetiology of FTD, with positive family history of dementia reported for 40% of cases. This review synthesizes current knowledge of the known major FTD genes, including C9orf72 (chromosome 9 open reading frame 72), MAPT (microtubule-associated protein tau) and GRN (granulin), and their impact on neuronal and glial pathology. Further, evidence for white matter dysfunction in the aetiology of FTD and the clinical, neuroimaging and genetic overlap between FTD and leukodystrophy/leukoencephalopathy are discussed. The review highlights the role of common variants and mutations in genes such as CSF1R (colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor), CYP27A1 (cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily A member 1), TREM2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2) and TMEM106B (transmembrane protein 106B) that play an integral role in microglia and oligodendrocyte function. Finally, pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches for enhancing remyelination are discussed in terms of future treatments of FTD.
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19
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Carandini T, Sacchi L, Ghezzi L, Pietroboni AM, Fenoglio C, Arighi A, Fumagalli GG, De Riz MA, Serpente M, Rotondo E, Scarpini E, Galimberti D. Detection of the SQSTM1 Mutation in a Patient with Early-Onset Hippocampal Amnestic Syndrome. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 79:477-481. [PMID: 33325387 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Genetics has a major role in early-onset dementia, but the correspondence between genotype and phenotype is largely tentative. We describe a 54-year-old with familial early-onset slowly-progressive episodic memory impairment with the P392L-variant in SQSTM1. The patient showed cortical atrophy and hypometabolism in the temporal lobes, but no amyloidosis biomarkers. As symptoms/neuroimaging were suggestive for Alzheimer's disease-but biomarkers were not-and considering the family-history, genetic analysis was performed, revealing the P392L-variant in SQSTM1, which encodes for sequestosome-1/p62. Increasing evidence suggests a p62 involvement in neurodegeneration and SQSTM1 mutations have been found to cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/frontotemporal dementia. Our report suggests that the clinical spectrum of SQSTM1 variants is wider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Carandini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Sacchi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,University of Milan, Dino Ferrari Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Ghezzi
- University of Milan, Dino Ferrari Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anna M Pietroboni
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Fenoglio
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,University of Milan, Dino Ferrari Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Arighi
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Milena A De Riz
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Serpente
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,University of Milan, Dino Ferrari Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Rotondo
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,University of Milan, Dino Ferrari Center, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,University of Milan, Dino Ferrari Center, Milan, Italy
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20
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Korb MK, Kimonis VE, Mozaffar T. Multisystem proteinopathy: Where myopathy and motor neuron disease converge. Muscle Nerve 2020; 63:442-454. [PMID: 33145792 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multisystem proteinopathy (MSP) is a pleiotropic group of inherited disorders that cause neurodegeneration, myopathy, and bone disease, and share common pathophysiology. Originally referred to as inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD), attributed to mutations in the gene encoding valosin-containing protein (VCP), it has more recently been discovered that there are several other genes responsible for similar clinical and pathological phenotypes with muscle, brain, nerve, and bone involvement, in various combinations. These include heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2B1 and A1 (hnRNPA2B1, hnRNPA1), sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1), matrin 3 (MATR3), T-cell restricted intracellular antigen 1 (TIA1), and optineurin (OPTN), all of which share disruption of RNA stress granule function and autophagic degradation. This review will discuss each of the genes implicated in MSP, exploring the molecular pathogenesis, clinical features, current standards of care, and future directions for this diverse yet mechanistically linked spectrum of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha K Korb
- Departments of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA
| | - Virginia E Kimonis
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA
| | - Tahseen Mozaffar
- Departments of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA.,Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA.,Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, California, USA
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21
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Li W, Gao H, Dong X, Zheng D. SQSTM1 variant in disorders of the frontotemporal dementia-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spectrum: identification of a novel heterozygous variant and a review of the literature. J Neurol 2020; 268:1351-1357. [PMID: 33125541 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10283-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accumulating evidence shows that SQSTM1 plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which represent a neurodegenerative disease continuum. Here, we report a novel SQSTM1 variant in a patient presenting with progressive nonfluent aphasia (PNFA) and progressive bulbar palsy (PBP). Relevant literature about FTD and FTD-ALS caused by SQSTM1 mutation was reviewed to better understand its clinical features. METHODS We collected data from a 66-year-old male patient with a novel heterozygous variant (c.995C > G, p.S332X) in the SQSTM1 gene who was diagnosed with PNFA and PBP and performed a PubMed literature search using the advanced research criteria: [("frontotemporal lobar degeneration") OR ("frontotemporal dementia") OR ("amyotrophic lateral sclerosis") OR ("motor neuron disease")] AND ("SQSTM1"). The clinical features of FTD and FTD-ALS related to SQSTM1 mutation were summarized based on previous cases and our new case. RESULTS The initial symptom of the current patient was progressive verb finding difficulties and effortful speech output, which developed into dysarthria and dysphagia in subsequent months. The results, including tongue atrophy, fasciculations, neurogenic changes, and mild left dominant hypometabolism of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET in the frontal cortex, suggest the possibility of PNFA and PBP. A novel likely pathogenic heterozygous variant (c.995C > G, p.S332X) in the SQSTM1 gene was identified. The literature search revealed a total of 33 FTD and FTD-ALS cases related to the SQSTM1 mutation with detailed clinical information. The mean age of onset (including our patient) was 63.5 ± 9.7 years. bvFTD was the most common clinical phenotype. The missense mutation in the SQSTM1 gene coding region and the UBA domain involvement are its main genetic characteristics. CONCLUSION Although rare, mutations in SQSTM1 can lead to various clinical subtypes of FTD and FTD-ALS, including the rare combination of PNFA and PBP. Exon missense mutation is the main type of mutation, which is common in the UBA domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weishuai Li
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Sanhao Street 36, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Sanhao Street 36, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Sanhao Street 36, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Dongming Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Sanhao Street 36, Shenyang, 110004, Liaoning, China.
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22
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Huang M, Modeste E, Dammer E, Merino P, Taylor G, Duong DM, Deng Q, Holler CJ, Gearing M, Dickson D, Seyfried NT, Kukar T. Network analysis of the progranulin-deficient mouse brain proteome reveals pathogenic mechanisms shared in human frontotemporal dementia caused by GRN mutations. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:163. [PMID: 33028409 PMCID: PMC7541308 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous, loss-of-function mutations in the granulin gene (GRN) encoding progranulin (PGRN) are a common cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Homozygous GRN mutations cause neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis-11 (CLN11), a lysosome storage disease. PGRN is a secreted glycoprotein that can be proteolytically cleaved into seven bioactive 6 kDa granulins. However, it is unclear how deficiency of PGRN and granulins causes neurodegeneration. To gain insight into the mechanisms of FTD pathogenesis, we utilized Tandem Mass Tag isobaric labeling mass spectrometry to perform an unbiased quantitative proteomic analysis of whole-brain tissue from wild type (Grn+/+) and Grn knockout (Grn-/-) mice at 3- and 19-months of age. At 3-months lysosomal proteins (i.e. Gns, Scarb2, Hexb) are selectively increased indicating lysosomal dysfunction is an early consequence of PGRN deficiency. Additionally, proteins involved in lipid metabolism (Acly, Apoc3, Asah1, Gpld1, Ppt1, and Naaa) are decreased; suggesting lysosomal degradation of lipids may be impaired in the Grn-/- brain. Systems biology using weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) of the Grn-/- brain proteome identified 26 modules of highly co-expressed proteins. Three modules strongly correlated to Grn deficiency and were enriched with lysosomal proteins (Gpnmb, CtsD, CtsZ, and Tpp1) and inflammatory proteins (Lgals3, GFAP, CD44, S100a, and C1qa). We find that lysosomal dysregulation is exacerbated with age in the Grn-/- mouse brain leading to neuroinflammation, synaptic loss, and decreased markers of oligodendrocytes, myelin, and neurons. In particular, GPNMB and LGALS3 (galectin-3) were upregulated by microglia and elevated in FTD-GRN brain samples, indicating common pathogenic pathways are dysregulated in human FTD cases and Grn-/- mice. GPNMB levels were significantly increased in the cerebrospinal fluid of FTD-GRN patients, but not in MAPT or C9orf72 carriers, suggesting GPNMB could be a biomarker specific to FTD-GRN to monitor disease onset, progression, and drug response. Our findings support the idea that insufficiency of PGRN and granulins in humans causes neurodegeneration through lysosomal dysfunction, defects in autophagy, and neuroinflammation, which could be targeted to develop effective therapies.
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23
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Häkkinen S, Chu SA, Lee SE. Neuroimaging in genetic frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 145:105063. [PMID: 32890771 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have a strong clinical, genetic and pathological overlap. This review focuses on the current understanding of structural, functional and molecular neuroimaging signatures of genetic FTD and ALS. We overview quantitative neuroimaging studies on the most common genes associated with FTD (MAPT, GRN), ALS (SOD1), and both (C9orf72), and summarize visual observations of images reported in the rarer genes (CHMP2B, TARDBP, FUS, OPTN, VCP, UBQLN2, SQSTM1, TREM2, CHCHD10, TBK1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi Häkkinen
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie A Chu
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Suzee E Lee
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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24
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Ibrahim O, Sutherland HG, Maksemous N, Smith R, Haupt LM, Griffiths LR. Exploring Neuronal Vulnerability to Head Trauma Using a Whole Exome Approach. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:1870-1879. [PMID: 32233732 PMCID: PMC7462038 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain injuries are associated with oxidative stress and a need to restore neuronal homeostasis. Mutations in ion channel genes, in particular CACNA1A, have been implicated in familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) and in the development of concussion-related symptoms in response to trivial head trauma. The aim of this study was to explore the potential role of variants in other ion channel genes in the development of such responses. We conducted whole exome sequencing (WES) on16 individuals who developed a range of neurological and concussion-related symptoms following minor or trivial head injuries. All individuals were initially tested and shown to be negative for mutations in known FHM genes. Variants identified from the WES results were filtered to identify rare variants (minor allele frequency [MAF] <0.01) in genes related to neural processes as well as genes highly expressed in the brain using a combination of in silico prediction tools (SIFT, PolyPhen, PredictSNP, Mutation Taster, and Mutation Assessor). Rare (MAF <0.001) or novel heterozygous variants in 7 ion channel genes were identified in 37.5% (6/16) of the cases (CACNA1I, CACNA1C, ATP10A, ATP7B, KCNAB1, KCNJ10, and SLC26A4), rare variants in neurotransmitter genes were found in 2 cases (GABRG1 and GRIK1), and rare variants in 3 ubiquitin-related genes identified in 4 cases (SQSTM1, TRIM2, and HECTD1). In this study, the largest proportion of potentially pathogenic variants in individuals with severe responses to minor head trauma were identified in genes previously implicated in migraine and seizure-related autosomal recessive neurological disorders. Together with results implicating variants in the hemiplegic migraine genes, CACNA1A and ATP1A2, in severe head trauma response, our results support a role for heterozygous deleterious mutations in genes implicated in neurological dysfunction and potentially increasing the risk of poor response to trivial head trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ibrahim
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Heidi G Sutherland
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Neven Maksemous
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Robert Smith
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Larisa M Haupt
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lyn R Griffiths
- Genomics Research Centre, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
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25
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Venkatachalam N, Bakavayev S, Engel D, Barak Z, Engel S. Primate differential redoxome (PDR) - A paradigm for understanding neurodegenerative diseases. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101683. [PMID: 32829254 PMCID: PMC7451816 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite different phenotypic manifestations, mounting evidence points to similarities in the molecular basis of major neurodegenerative diseases (ND). CNS has evolved to be robust against hazard of ROS, a common perturbation aerobic organisms are confronted with. The trade-off of robustness is system's fragility against rare and unexpected perturbations. Identifying the points of CNS fragility is key for understanding etiology of ND. We postulated that the 'primate differential redoxome' (PDR), an assembly of proteins that contain cysteine residues present only in the primate orthologues of mammals, is likely to associate with an added level of regulatory functionalities that enhanced CNS robustness against ROS and facilitated evolution. The PDR contains multiple deterministic and susceptibility factors of major ND, which cluster to form coordinated redox networks regulating various cellular processes. The PDR analysis revealed a potential CNS fragility point, which appears to associates with a non-redundant PINK1-PRKN-SQSTM1(p62) axis coordinating protein homeostasis and mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachiyappan Venkatachalam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shamchal Bakavayev
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Daniel Engel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Zeev Barak
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Stanislav Engel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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26
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Solomon DA, Mitchell JC, Salcher-Konrad MT, Vance CA, Mizielinska S. Review: Modelling the pathology and behaviour of frontotemporal dementia. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2020; 45:58-80. [PMID: 30582188 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) encompasses a collection of clinically and pathologically diverse neurological disorders. Clinical features of behavioural and language dysfunction are associated with neurodegeneration, predominantly of frontal and temporal cortices. Over the past decade, there have been significant advances in the understanding of the genetic aetiology and neuropathology of FTD which have led to the creation of various disease models to investigate the molecular pathways that contribute to disease pathogenesis. The generation of in vivo models of FTD involves either targeting genes with known disease-causative mutations such as GRN and C9orf72 or genes encoding proteins that form the inclusions that characterize the disease pathologically, such as TDP-43 and FUS. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the different in vivo model systems used to understand pathomechanisms in FTD, with a focus on disease models which reproduce aspects of the wide-ranging behavioural phenotypes seen in people with FTD. We discuss the emerging disease pathways that have emerged from these in vivo models and how this has shaped our understanding of disease mechanisms underpinning FTD. We also discuss the challenges of modelling the complex clinical symptoms shown by people with FTD, the confounding overlap with features of motor neuron disease, and the drive to make models more disease-relevant. In summary, in vivo models can replicate many pathological and behavioural aspects of clinical FTD, but robust and thorough investigations utilizing shared features and variability between disease models will improve the disease-relevance of findings and thus better inform therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Solomon
- UK Dementia Research Institute, King's College London, London, Camberwell, UK.,Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, Camberwell, UK
| | - J C Mitchell
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, Camberwell, UK
| | - M-T Salcher-Konrad
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, Camberwell, UK
| | - C A Vance
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, Camberwell, UK
| | - S Mizielinska
- UK Dementia Research Institute, King's College London, London, Camberwell, UK.,Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institute, London, Camberwell, UK
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27
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Mol MO, van Rooij JGJ, Wong TH, Melhem S, Verkerk AJMH, Kievit AJA, van Minkelen R, Rademakers R, Pottier C, Kaat LD, Seelaar H, van Swieten JC, Dopper EGP. Underlying genetic variation in familial frontotemporal dementia: sequencing of 198 patients. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 97:148.e9-148.e16. [PMID: 32843152 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) presents with a wide variability in clinical syndromes, genetic etiologies, and underlying pathologies. Despite the discovery of pathogenic variants in several genes, many familial cases remain unsolved. In a large FTD cohort of 198 familial patients, we aimed to determine the types and frequencies of variants in genes related to FTD. Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were revealed in 74 (37%) patients, including 4 novel variants. The repeat expansion in C9orf72 was most common (21%), followed by variants in MAPT (6%), GRN (4.5%), and TARDBP (3.5%). Other pathogenic variants were found in VCP, TBK1, PSEN1, and a novel homozygous variant in OPTN. Furthermore, we identified 15 variants of uncertain significance, including a promising variant in TUBA4A and a frameshift in VCP, for which additional research is needed to confirm pathogenicity. The patients without identified genetic cause demonstrated a wide clinical and pathological variety. Our study contributes to the clinical characterization of the genetic subtypes and confirms the value of whole-exome sequencing in identifying novel genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel O Mol
- Department of Neurology & Alzheimer Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen G J van Rooij
- Department of Neurology & Alzheimer Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tsz H Wong
- Department of Neurology & Alzheimer Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Shamiram Melhem
- Department of Neurology & Alzheimer Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Anneke J A Kievit
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rick van Minkelen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Cyril Pottier
- Neurodegenerative Brain Diseases Group, VIB Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Laura Donker Kaat
- Department of Neurology & Alzheimer Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harro Seelaar
- Department of Neurology & Alzheimer Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - John C van Swieten
- Department of Neurology & Alzheimer Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elise G P Dopper
- Department of Neurology & Alzheimer Center, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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28
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Liscic RM, Alberici A, Cairns NJ, Romano M, Buratti E. From basic research to the clinic: innovative therapies for ALS and FTD in the pipeline. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:31. [PMID: 32487123 PMCID: PMC7268618 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal Degeneration (FTD) are neurodegenerative disorders, related by deterioration of motor and cognitive functions and short survival. Aside from cases with an inherited pathogenic mutation, the causes of the disorders are still largely unknown and no effective treatment currently exists. It has been shown that FTD may coexist with ALS and this overlap occurs at clinical, genetic, and molecular levels. In this work, we review the main pathological aspects of these complex diseases and discuss how the integration of the novel pathogenic molecular insights and the analysis of molecular interaction networks among all the genetic players represents a critical step to shed light on discovering novel therapeutic strategies and possibly tailoring personalized medicine approaches to specific ALS and FTD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajka Maria Liscic
- Department of Neurology, Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria
- School of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Antonella Alberici
- Neurology Unit, Department of Neurological Sciences and Vision, ASST-Spedali Civili-University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nigel John Cairns
- College of Medicine and Health and Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Maurizio Romano
- Department of Life Sciences, Via Valerio 28, University of Trieste, 34127, Trieste, Italy
| | - Emanuele Buratti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Padriciano 99, 34149, Trieste, Italy.
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29
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Guerreiro R, Gibbons E, Tábuas-Pereira M, Kun-Rodrigues C, Santo GC, Bras J. Genetic architecture of common non-Alzheimer's disease dementias. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 142:104946. [PMID: 32439597 PMCID: PMC8207829 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and vascular dementia (VaD) are the most common forms of dementia after Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The heterogeneity of these disorders and/or the clinical overlap with other diseases hinder the study of their genetic components. Even though Mendelian dementias are rare, the study of these forms of disease can have a significant impact in the lives of patients and families and have successfully brought to the fore many of the genes currently known to be involved in FTD and VaD, starting to give us a glimpse of the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenotypes. More recently, genome-wide association studies have also pointed to disease risk-associated loci. This has been particularly important for DLB where familial forms of disease are very rarely described. In this review we systematically describe the Mendelian and risk genes involved in these non-AD dementias in an effort to contribute to a better understanding of their genetic architecture, find differences and commonalities between different dementia phenotypes, and uncover areas that would benefit from more intense research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Guerreiro
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Gibbons
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Miguel Tábuas-Pereira
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Celia Kun-Rodrigues
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Gustavo C Santo
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jose Bras
- Center for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
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30
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Scarlino S, Domi T, Pozzi L, Romano A, Pipitone GB, Falzone YM, Mosca L, Penco S, Lunetta C, Sansone V, Tremolizzo L, Fazio R, Agosta F, Filippi M, Carrera P, Riva N, Quattrini A. Burden of Rare Variants in ALS and Axonal Hereditary Neuropathy Genes Influence Survival in ALS: Insights from a Next Generation Sequencing Study of an Italian ALS Cohort. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3346. [PMID: 32397312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the genetic architecture of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is incompletely understood, recent findings suggest a complex model of inheritance in ALS, which is consistent with a multistep pathogenetic process. Therefore, the aim of our work is to further explore the architecture of ALS using targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis, enriched in motor neuron diseases (MND)-associated genes which are also implicated in axonal hereditary motor neuropathy (HMN), in order to investigate if disease expression, including the progression rate, could be influenced by the combination of multiple rare gene variants. We analyzed 29 genes in an Italian cohort of 83 patients with both familial and sporadic ALS. Overall, we detected 43 rare variants in 17 different genes and found that 43.4% of the ALS patients harbored a variant in at least one of the investigated genes. Of note, 27.9% of the variants were identified in other MND- and HMN-associated genes. Moreover, multiple gene variants were identified in 17% of the patients. The burden of rare variants is associated with reduced survival and with the time to reach King stage 4, i.e., the time to reach the need for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) positioning or non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) initiation, independently of known negative prognostic factors. Our data contribute to a better understanding of the molecular basis of ALS supporting the hypothesis that rare variant burden could play a role in the multistep model of disease and could exert a negative prognostic effect. Moreover, we further extend the genetic landscape of ALS to other MND-associated genes traditionally implicated in degenerative diseases of peripheral axons, such as HMN and CMT2.
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31
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Stamatakou E, Wróbel L, Hill SM, Puri C, Son SM, Fujimaki M, Zhu Y, Siddiqi F, Fernandez-Estevez M, Manni MM, Park SJ, Villeneuve J, Rubinsztein DC. Mendelian neurodegenerative disease genes involved in autophagy. Cell Discov 2020; 6:24. [PMID: 32377374 PMCID: PMC7198619 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-020-0158-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lysosomal degradation pathway of macroautophagy (herein referred to as autophagy) plays a crucial role in cellular physiology by regulating the removal of unwanted cargoes such as protein aggregates and damaged organelles. Over the last five decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate autophagy and its roles in human physiology and diseases. These advances, together with discoveries in human genetics linking autophagy-related gene mutations to specific diseases, provide a better understanding of the mechanisms by which autophagy-dependent pathways can be potentially targeted for treating human diseases. Here, we review mutations that have been identified in genes involved in autophagy and their associations with neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanna Stamatakou
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Lidia Wróbel
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Sandra Malmgren Hill
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Claudia Puri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Sung Min Son
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Motoki Fujimaki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Ye Zhu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Farah Siddiqi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Marian Fernandez-Estevez
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Marco M. Manni
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - So Jung Park
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - Julien Villeneuve
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
| | - David Chaim Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY UK
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32
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Usategui-Martín R, Gestoso-Uzal N, Calero-Paniagua I, De Pereda JM, Del Pino-Montes J, González-Sarmiento R. A mutation in p62 protein (p. R321C), associated to Paget's disease of bone, causes a blockade of autophagy and an activation of NF-kB pathway. Bone 2020; 133:115265. [PMID: 32036052 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is a bone disorder characterized by an increase in bone turnover in a disorganized way with a large increase in bone resorption followed by bone formation. The most important known genetic factor predisposing to PDB is mutation in Sequestosome1 (SQSTM1) gene. We have studied the prevalence of SQSTM1 mutations and examined genotype-phenotype correlations in a Spanish cohort of PDB patients. Also, we have characterized three PDB patients that carry the c.961C>T SQSTM1 gene mutation that it is localized in exon 6 of SQSTM1 gene and it causes the p. R321C mutation. This mutation has been reported in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia but in our knowledge this is the first time that p62 p. R321C mutation is associated to PDB. We show that p62 p.R321C mutation could induce blockage of autophagy and cell proliferation through NF-kB pathway. These results reinforce the hypothesis of autophagy involvement in Paget's disease of bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Usategui-Martín
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Salamanca Institute of Biomedical Research (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Salamanca-CSIC, Spain
| | - Nerea Gestoso-Uzal
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Salamanca Institute of Biomedical Research (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Salamanca-CSIC, Spain
| | - Ismael Calero-Paniagua
- Salamanca Institute of Biomedical Research (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Salamanca-CSIC, Spain; Rheumatology Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José María De Pereda
- Salamanca Institute of Biomedical Research (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Salamanca-CSIC, Spain; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Javier Del Pino-Montes
- Salamanca Institute of Biomedical Research (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Salamanca-CSIC, Spain; Rheumatology Service, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Rogelio González-Sarmiento
- Molecular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain; Salamanca Institute of Biomedical Research (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca, University of Salamanca, Salamanca-CSIC, Spain; Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.
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33
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Hergesheimer RC, Chami AA, de Assis DR, Vourc'h P, Andres CR, Corcia P, Lanznaster D, Blasco H. The debated toxic role of aggregated TDP-43 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a resolution in sight? Brain 2020; 142:1176-1194. [PMID: 30938443 PMCID: PMC6487324 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awz078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transactive response DNA-binding protein-43 (TDP-43) is an RNA/DNA binding protein that forms phosphorylated and ubiquitinated aggregates in the cytoplasm of motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which is a hallmark of this disease. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a neurodegenerative condition affecting the upper and lower motor neurons. Even though the aggregative property of TDP-43 is considered a cornerstone of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, there has been major controversy regarding the functional link between TDP-43 aggregates and cell death. In this review, we attempt to reconcile the current literature surrounding this debate by discussing the results and limitations of the published data relating TDP-43 aggregates to cytotoxicity, as well as therapeutic perspectives of TDP-43 aggregate clearance. We point out key data suggesting that the formation of TDP-43 aggregates and the capacity to self-template and propagate among cells as a 'prion-like' protein, another pathological property of TDP-43 aggregates, are a significant cause of motor neuronal death. We discuss the disparities among the various studies, particularly with respect to the type of models and the different forms of TDP-43 used to evaluate cellular toxicity. We also examine how these disparities can interfere with the interpretation of the results pertaining to a direct toxic effect of TDP-43 aggregates. Furthermore, we present perspectives for improving models in order to better uncover the toxic role of aggregated TDP-43. Finally, we review the recent studies on the enhancement of the cellular clearance mechanisms of autophagy, the ubiquitin proteasome system, and endocytosis in an attempt to counteract TDP-43 aggregation-induced toxicity. Altogether, the data available so far encourage us to suggest that the cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43 is key for the neurodegeneration observed in motor neurons in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The corresponding findings provide novel avenues toward early therapeutic interventions and clinical outcomes for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna A Chami
- UMR 1253, iBRAIN, Université de Tours, INSERM, Tours, France
| | | | - Patrick Vourc'h
- UMR 1253, iBRAIN, Université de Tours, INSERM, Tours, France.,CHU de Tours, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Tours, France
| | - Christian R Andres
- UMR 1253, iBRAIN, Université de Tours, INSERM, Tours, France.,CHU de Tours, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Corcia
- UMR 1253, iBRAIN, Université de Tours, INSERM, Tours, France.,CHU de Tours, Service de Neurologie, Tours, France
| | | | - Hélène Blasco
- UMR 1253, iBRAIN, Université de Tours, INSERM, Tours, France.,CHU de Tours, Service de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Tours, France
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34
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Ramos-Campoy O, Antonell A, Falgàs N, Balasa M, Borrego-Écija S, Rodríguez-Santiago B, Datta D, Armengol L, Fernández-Villullas G, Bosch B, Olives J, Muñoz-García C, Castellví M, Tort-Merino A, Sánchez-Valle R, Lladó A. Screening of dementia genes by whole-exome sequencing in Spanish patients with early-onset dementia: likely pathogenic, uncertain significance and risk variants. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 93:e1-9. [PMID: 32317127 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) have a high proportion of genetically determined cases. Next-generation sequencing technologies have triggered the discovery of new mutations and genetic variants in dementia-causal genes. We performed whole-exome sequencing and selective analysis of known genes causative of EOAD and FTD in a well-characterized Spanish cohort of 103 patients (60 EOAD, 43 FTD) to find genetic variants associated to patients' phenotype. In EOAD patients, a new likely pathogenic variant in PSEN1 gene (p.G378R) was found. In FTD patients, 2 likely pathogenic variants were found, one in MAPT gene (p.P397S) and one in VCP gene (p.R159H). In our series, 2% of early-onset dementia without criteria for clinical genetic testing according to current guidelines presented a likely pathogenic mutation. We have also detected 13 additional variants of uncertain significance in causal genes, as well as rare variants in risk genes for dementia (ABCA7, SORL1, SQSTM1, and TREM2). Next-generation technologies in neurodegenerative diseases constitute a powerful tool that significantly contributes to patients' diagnosis.
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35
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Clarimon J, Moreno-Grau S, Cervera-Carles L, Dols-Icardo O, Sánchez-Juan P, Ruiz A. Genetic architecture of neurodegenerative dementias. Neuropharmacology 2020; 168:108014. [PMID: 32097768 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Molecular genetics has been an invaluable tool to help understand the molecular basis of neurodegenerative dementias. In this review, we provide an overview of the genetic architecture underlying some of the most prevalent causes of dementia, including Alzheimer's dementia, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Lewy body dementia, and prion diseases. We also discuss the complexity of the human genome and how the novel technologies have revolutionized and accelerated the way we screen the variety of our DNA. Finally, we also provide some examples about how this genetic knowledge is being transferred into the clinic through personalized medicine. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'The Quest for Disease-Modifying Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders'.
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36
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Seranova E, Palhegyi AM, Verma S, Dimova S, Lasry R, Naama M, Sun C, Barrett T, Rosenstock TR, Kumar D, Cohen MA, Buganim Y, Sarkar S. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Models of Neurodegenerative Disorders for Studying the Biomedical Implications of Autophagy. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:2754-2798. [PMID: 32044344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process that is essential for cellular survival, tissue homeostasis, and human health. The housekeeping functions of autophagy in mediating the clearance of aggregation-prone proteins and damaged organelles are vital for post-mitotic neurons. Improper functioning of this process contributes to the pathology of myriad human diseases, including neurodegeneration. Impairment in autophagy has been reported in several neurodegenerative diseases where pharmacological induction of autophagy has therapeutic benefits in cellular and transgenic animal models. However, emerging studies suggest that the efficacy of autophagy inducers, as well as the nature of the autophagy defects, may be context-dependent, and therefore, studies in disease-relevant experimental systems may provide more insights for clinical translation to patients. With the advancements in human stem cell technology, it is now possible to establish disease-affected cellular platforms from patients for investigating disease mechanisms and identifying candidate drugs in the appropriate cell types, such as neurons that are otherwise not accessible. Towards this, patient-derived human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have demonstrated considerable promise in constituting a platform for effective disease modeling and drug discovery. Multiple studies have utilized hiPSC models of neurodegenerative diseases to study autophagy and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of autophagy inducers in neuronal cells. This review provides an overview of the regulation of autophagy, generation of hiPSCs via cellular reprogramming, and neuronal differentiation. It outlines the findings in various neurodegenerative disorders where autophagy has been studied using hiPSC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Seranova
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Adina Maria Palhegyi
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Surbhi Verma
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Cellular Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Simona Dimova
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Lasry
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Moriyah Naama
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Congxin Sun
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Barrett
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Tatiana Rosado Rosenstock
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, 01221-020, Brazil
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- Cellular Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Malkiel A Cohen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Yosef Buganim
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Sovan Sarkar
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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37
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Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration are multifaceted diseases with genotypic, pathological and clinical overlap. One such overlap is the presence of SQSTM1/p62 mutations. While traditionally mutations manifesting in the ubiquitin-associated domain of p62 were associated with Paget’s disease of bone, mutations affecting all functional domains of p62 have now been identified in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration patients. p62 is a multifunctional protein that facilitates protein degradation through autophagy and the ubiquitin-proteasome system, and also regulates cell survival via the Nrf2 antioxidant response pathway, the nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway and apoptosis. Dysfunction in these signaling and protein degradation pathways have been observed in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration, and mutations that affect the role of p62 in these pathways may contribute to disease pathogenesis. In this review we discuss the role of p62 in these pathways, the effects of p62 mutations and the effect of mutations in the p62 modulator TANK-binding kinase 1, in relation to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-frontotemporal lobar degeneration pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Delice Foster
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah Lyn Rea
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
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38
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Abstract
Frontotemporal degeneration (FTD) is a heterogeneous spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by diverse clinical presentations, neuropathological characteristics, and underlying genetic causes. In the last few years, several advances in the knowledge of clinical and biological aspects have been accomplished and three major scenarios have emerged that will represent the core issues in the FTD scene over the next few years. Foremost, the development of cerebrospinal fluid and blood biomarkers as well as neuroimaging techniques will aid the pursuit of new diagnostic and prognostic markers able to identify the ongoing proteinopathy and predict disease progression, which is key in identifying and stratifying patients for enrolment in clinical trials as well as evaluating response to treatment. On the other hand, current research has focused on the first attempts to slow down or revert disease progression, with the identification of disease modulators associated with disease onset and the ongoing development of the first pharmacological treatments for both sporadic and genetic FTD. Future research will certainly improve our knowledge of FTD and possibly open up a new era of disease-modifying therapies for this still-orphan disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Borroni
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, 25100, Italy
| | - Alberto Benussi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, 25100, Italy
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39
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Kawakami I, Arai T, Hasegawa M. The basis of clinicopathological heterogeneity in TDP-43 proteinopathy. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 138:751-770. [PMID: 31555895 PMCID: PMC6800885 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-019-02077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 kDa (TDP-43) was identified as a major disease-associated component in the brain of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), as well as the largest subset of patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitinated inclusions (FTLD-U), which characteristically exhibits cytoplasmic inclusions that are positive for ubiquitin but negative for tau and α-synuclein. TDP-43 pathology occurs in distinct brain regions, involves disparate brain networks, and features accumulation of misfolded proteins in various cell types and in different neuroanatomical regions. The clinical phenotypes of ALS and FTLD-TDP (FTLD with abnormal intracellular accumulations of TDP-43) correlate with characteristic distribution patterns of the underlying pathology across specific brain regions with disease progression. Recent studies support the idea that pathological protein spreads from neuron to neuron via axonal transport in a hierarchical manner. However, little is known to date about the basis of the selective cellular and regional vulnerability, although the information would have important implications for the development of targeted and personalized therapies. Here, we aim to summarize recent advances in the neuropathology, genetics and animal models of TDP-43 proteinopathy, and their relationship to clinical phenotypes for the underlying selective neuronal and regional susceptibilities. Finally, we attempt to integrate these findings into the emerging picture of TDP-43 proteinopathy, and to highlight key issues for future therapy and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ito Kawakami
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
- Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuaki Arai
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6, Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.
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40
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Conway O, Akpinar HA, Rogov VV, Kirkin V. Selective Autophagy Receptors in Neuronal Health and Disease. J Mol Biol 2019; 432:2483-2509. [PMID: 31654670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neurons are electrically excitable, postmitotic cells that perform sensory, relaying, and motor functions. Because of their unique morphological and functional specialization, cells of this type are sensitive to the stress caused by accumulation of misfolded proteins or damaged organelles. Autophagy is the fundamental mechanism that ensures sequestration of cytosolic material and its subsequent degradation in lysosomes of eukaryotic cells, thereby providing cell-autonomous nutrients and removing harmful cargos. Strikingly, mice and flies lacking functional autophagy develop early onset progressive neurodegeneration. Like in human neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs)-Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, frontotemporal dementia, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-characteristic protein aggregates observed in autophagy-deficient neurons in the animal models are indicators of the ongoing neuronal pathology. A number of selective autophagy receptors (SARs) have been characterized that interact both with the cargo and components of the autophagic machinery, thus providing the molecular basis for selective degradation of sizable cytosolic components. Interference with autophagy in experimental models, but also during the pathological vagaries in neurons, will thus have far-reaching consequences for a range of selective autophagy pathways critical for the normal functioning of the nervous system. Here, we review the key principles behind the selective autophagy and discuss how the SARs may be involved in the pathogenesis of NDDs. Using recently published examples, we also examine the emerging role of less well studied selective autophagy pathways in neuronal health and disease. We conclude by discussing targeting selective autophagy as an emerging therapeutic modality in NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Conway
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Hafize Aysin Akpinar
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Vladimir V Rogov
- Institute of Biophysical Chemistry and Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, 60438 Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Vladimir Kirkin
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK.
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41
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Kovacs GG. Molecular pathology of neurodegenerative diseases: principles and practice. J Clin Pathol 2019; 72:725-735. [PMID: 31395625 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-205952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterised by selective dysfunction and progressive loss of synapses and neurons associated with pathologically altered proteins that deposit primarily in the human brain and spinal cord. Recent discoveries have identified a spectrum of distinct immunohistochemically and biochemically detectable proteins, which serve as a basis for protein-based disease classification. Diagnostic criteria have been updated and disease staging procedures have been proposed. These are based on novel concepts which recognise that (1) most of these proteins follow a sequential distribution pattern in the brain suggesting a seeding mechanism and cell-to-cell propagation; (2) some of the neurodegeneration-associated proteins can be detected in peripheral organs; and (3) concomitant presence of neurodegeneration-associated proteins is more the rule than the exception. These concepts, together with the fact that the clinical symptoms do not unequivocally reflect the molecular pathological background, place the neuropathological examination at the centre of requirements for an accurate diagnosis. The need for quality control in biomarker development, clinical and neuroimaging studies, and evaluation of therapy trials, as well as an increasing demand for the general public to better understand human brain disorders, underlines the importance for a renaissance of postmortem neuropathological studies at this time. This review summarises recent advances in neuropathological diagnosis and reports novel aspects of relevance for general pathological practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor G Kovacs
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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42
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Ciani M, Benussi L, Bonvicini C, Ghidoni R. Genome Wide Association Study and Next Generation Sequencing: A Glimmer of Light Toward New Possible Horizons in Frontotemporal Dementia Research. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:506. [PMID: 31156380 PMCID: PMC6532367 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) is a focal neurodegenerative disease, with a strong genetic background, that causes early onset dementia. The present knowledge about the risk loci and causative mutations of FTD mainly derives from genetic linkage analysis, studies of candidate genes, Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) applications. In this review, we report recent insights into the genetics of FTD, and, specifically, the results achieved thanks to GWAS and NGS approaches. Linkage studies of large FTD pedigrees have prompted the identification of causal mutations in different genes: mutations in C9orf72, MAPT, and GRN genes explain the large majority of cases with a high family history of the disease. In cases with a less clear inheritance, GWAS and NGS have contributed to further understand the genetic picture of FTD. GWAS identified several common genetic variants with a modest risk effect. Of interest, many of these variants are in genes belonging to the endo-lysosomal pathway, the immune response and neuronal survival. On the opposite, the NGS approach allowed the identification of rare variants with a strong risk effect. These variants were identified in known FTD-associated genes and again in genes involved in the endo-lysosomal pathway and in the immune response. Interestingly, both approaches demonstrated that several genes are associated to multiple neurodegenerative disorders including FTD. Thanks to these complementary approaches, the genetic picture of FTD is becoming more clear and novel key molecular processes are emerging. This will foster opportunities to move toward prevention and therapy for this incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Ciani
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luisa Benussi
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cristian Bonvicini
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
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Scrivo A, Bourdenx M, Pampliega O, Cuervo AM. Selective autophagy as a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders. Lancet Neurol 2019; 17:802-815. [PMID: 30129476 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(18)30238-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cells rely on surveillance systems such as autophagy to handle protein alterations and organelle damage. Dysfunctional autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved cellular mechanism for degradation of intracellular components in lysosomes, frequently leads to neurodegeneration. The neuroprotective effect of autophagy stems from its ability to eliminate pathogenic forms of proteins such as α-synuclein or tau. However, the same pathogenic proteins often affect different types and steps of the autophagic process. Furthermore, genetic studies have shown that some proteins related to neurodegeneration, such as huntingtin, participate in autophagy as one of their physiological functions. This complex interplay between autophagy and neurodegeneration suggests that targeting autophagy as a whole might have limited applicability in neurodegenerative diseases, and that future efforts should focus instead on targeting specific types and steps of the autophagic process. This change of strategy in the modulation of autophagy might hold promise for future disease-modifying therapies for patients with neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Scrivo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Mathieu Bourdenx
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Olatz Pampliega
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France.
| | - Ana Maria Cuervo
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Institute for Aging Studies, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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44
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Fenoglio C, Scarpini E, Serpente M, Galimberti D. Role of Genetics and Epigenetics in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 62:913-932. [PMID: 29562532 PMCID: PMC5870004 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) represent the first cause of dementia in senile and pre-senile population, respectively. A percentage of cases have a genetic cause, inherited with an autosomal dominant pattern of transmission. The majority of cases, however, derive from complex interactions between a number of genetic and environmental factors. Gene variants may act as risk or protective factors. Their combination with a variety of environmental exposures may result in increased susceptibility to these diseases or may influence their course. The scenario is even more complicated considering the effect of epigenetics, which encompasses mechanisms able to alter the expression of genes without altering the DNA sequence. In this review, an overview of the current genetic and epigenetic progresses in AD and FTD will be provided, with particular focus on 1) causative genes, 2) genetic risk factors and disease modifiers, and 3) epigenetics, including methylation, non-coding RNAs and chromatin remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Fenoglio
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Centro Dino Ferrari, Fondazione Cá Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Scarpini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Centro Dino Ferrari, Fondazione Cá Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Serpente
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Centro Dino Ferrari, Fondazione Cá Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Centro Dino Ferrari, Fondazione Cá Granda, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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45
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Benussi A, Alberici A, Buratti E, Ghidoni R, Gardoni F, Di Luca M, Padovani A, Borroni B. Toward a Glutamate Hypothesis of Frontotemporal Dementia. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:304. [PMID: 30983965 PMCID: PMC6449454 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a heterogenous neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by diverse clinical presentations, neuropathological characteristics and underlying genetic causes. Emerging evidence has shown that FTD is characterized by a series of changes in several neurotransmitter systems, including serotonin, dopamine, GABA and, above all, glutamate. Indeed, several studies have now provided preclinical and clinical evidence that glutamate is key in the pathogenesis of FTD. Animal models of FTD have shown a selective hypofunction in N-methyl D-aspartate (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxyl-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors, while in patients, glutamatergic pyramidal neurons are depleted in several areas, including the frontal and temporal cortices. Recently, a selective involvement of the AMPA GluA3 subunit has been observed in patients with autoimmune anti-GluA3 antibodies, which accounted for nearly 25% of FTD patients, leading to a decrease of the GluA3 subunit synaptic localization of the AMPA receptor and loss of dendritic spines. Other in vivo evidence of the involvement of the glutamatergic system in FTD derives from non-invasive brain stimulation studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation, in which specific stimulation protocols have indirectly identified a selective and prominent impairment in glutamatergic circuits in patients with both sporadic and genetic FTD. In view of limited disease modifying therapies to slow or revert disease progression in FTD, an important approach could consist in targeting the neurotransmitter deficits, similarly to what has been achieved in Parkinson’s disease with dopaminergic therapy or Alzheimer’s disease with cholinergic therapy. In this review, we summarize the current evidence concerning the involvement of the glutamatergic system in FTD, suggesting the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Benussi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonella Alberici
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Emanuele Buratti
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, ICGEB, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gardoni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Di Luca
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Barbara Borroni
- Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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46
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Ramos EM, Koros C, Dokuru DR, Van Berlo V, Kroupis C, Wojta K, Wang Q, Andronas N, Matsi S, Beratis IN, Huang AY, Lee SE, Bonakis A, Florou-Hatziyiannidou C, Fragkiadaki S, Kontaxopoulou D, Agiomyrgiannakis D, Kamtsadeli V, Tsinia N, Papastefanopoulou V, Stamelou M, Miller BL, Stefanis L, Papatriantafyllou JD, Papageorgiou SG, Coppola G. Frontotemporal dementia spectrum: first genetic screen in a Greek cohort. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 75:224.e1-224.e8. [PMID: 30528349 PMCID: PMC6553875 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative syndromes associated with several causative and susceptibility genes. Herein, we aimed to determine the incidence of the most common causative dementia genes in a cohort of 118 unrelated Greek FTD spectrum patients. We also screened for novel possible disease-associated variants in additional 21 genes associated with FTD or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants were identified in 16 cases (13.6%). These included repeat expansions in C9orf72 and loss-of-function GRN variants, and likely pathogenic variants in TARDBP, MAPT, and PSEN1. We also identified 14 variants of unknown significance in other rarer FTD or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis genes that require further segregation and functional analysis. Our genetic screen revealed a high genetic burden in familial Greek FTD cases (30.4%), whereas only two of the sporadic cases (3.5%) carried a likely pathogenic variant. A substantial number of familial cases still remain without an obvious causal variant, suggesting the existence of other FTD genetic causes besides those currently screened in clinical routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Marisa Ramos
- Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christos Koros
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Deepika Reddy Dokuru
- Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Victoria Van Berlo
- Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christos Kroupis
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Kevin Wojta
- Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nikolaos Andronas
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavroula Matsi
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ion N Beratis
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alden Y Huang
- Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Suzee E Lee
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Anastasios Bonakis
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Chryseis Florou-Hatziyiannidou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stella Fragkiadaki
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dionysia Kontaxopoulou
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Agiomyrgiannakis
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece; Medical Center of Athens, Memory Disorders Clinic and Day Care Center for 3rd Age 'IASIS', Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Kamtsadeli
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece; Medical Center of Athens, Memory Disorders Clinic and Day Care Center for 3rd Age 'IASIS', Athens, Greece
| | - Niki Tsinia
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece; Medical Center of Athens, Memory Disorders Clinic and Day Care Center for 3rd Age 'IASIS', Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Papastefanopoulou
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Stamelou
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Department, HYGEIA Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece; 1st Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - John D Papatriantafyllou
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece; Medical Center of Athens, Memory Disorders Clinic and Day Care Center for 3rd Age 'IASIS', Athens, Greece
| | - Sokratis G Papageorgiou
- Cognitive Disorders/Dementia Unit, 2nd Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Giovanni Coppola
- Department of Psychiatry and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Abstract
Purpose of review In this review we highlight recent advances in the human genetics of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). In addition to providing a broad survey of genes implicated in FTD in the last several years, we also discuss variation in genes implicated in both hereditary leukodystrophies and risk for FTD (e.g., TREM2, TMEM106B, CSF1R, AARS2, NOTCH3). Recent findings Over the past five years, genetic variation in approximately 50 genes has been confirmed or suggested to cause or influence risk for FTD and FTD-spectrum disorders. We first give background and discuss recent findings related to C9ORF72, GRN and MAPT, the genes most commonly implicated in FTD. We then provide a broad overview of other FTD-associated genes and go on to discuss new findings in FTD genetics in East Asian populations, including pathogenic variation in CHCHD10, which may represent a frequent cause of disease in Chinese populations. Finally, we consider recent insights gleaned from genome-wide association and genetic pleiotropy studies. Summary Recent genetic discoveries highlight cellular pathways involving autophagy, the endolysosomal system and neuroinflammation, and reveal an intriguing overlap between genes that confer risk for leukodystrophy and FTD.
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Sanchez-Garrido J, Sancho-Shimizu V, Shenoy AR. Regulated proteolysis of p62/SQSTM1 enables differential control of autophagy and nutrient sensing. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/559/eaat6903. [PMID: 30514811 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aat6903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The multidomain scaffold protein p62 (also called sequestosome-1) is involved in autophagy, antimicrobial immunity, and oncogenesis. Mutations in SQSTM1, which encodes p62, are linked to hereditary inflammatory conditions such as Paget's disease of the bone, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles. Here, we report that p62 was proteolytically trimmed by the protease caspase-8 into a stable protein, which we called p62TRM We found that p62TRM, but not full-length p62, was involved in nutrient sensing and homeostasis through the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). The kinase RIPK1 and caspase-8 controlled p62TRM production and thus promoted mTORC1 signaling. An FTD-linked p62 D329G polymorphism and a rare D329H variant could not be proteolyzed by caspase-8, and these noncleavable variants failed to activate mTORC1, thereby revealing the detrimental effect of these mutations. These findings on the role of p62TRM provide new insights into SQSTM1-linked diseases and mTORC1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sanchez-Garrido
- Section of Microbiology, Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London W21 PG, UK.,Section of Virology, Imperial College London, London W21 PG, UK
| | - Avinash R Shenoy
- Section of Microbiology, Medical Research Council Centre for Molecular Bacteriology and Infection, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Zhang Y, Mun SR, Linares JF, Ahn J, Towers CG, Ji CH, Fitzwalter BE, Holden MR, Mi W, Shi X, Moscat J, Thorburn A, Diaz-Meco MT, Kwon YT, Kutateladze TG. ZZ-dependent regulation of p62/SQSTM1 in autophagy. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4373. [PMID: 30349045 PMCID: PMC6197226 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06878-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagic receptor p62 is a critical mediator of cell detoxification, stress response, and metabolic programs and is commonly deregulated in human diseases. The diverse functions of p62 arise from its ability to interact with a large set of ligands, such as arginylated (Nt-R) substrates. Here, we describe the structural mechanism for selective recognition of Nt-R by the ZZ domain of p62 (p62ZZ). We show that binding of p62ZZ to Nt-R substrates stimulates p62 aggregation and macroautophagy and is required for autophagic targeting of p62. p62 is essential for mTORC1 activation in response to arginine, but it is not a direct sensor of free arginine in the mTORC1 pathway. We identified a regulatory linker (RL) region in p62 that binds p62ZZ in vitro and may modulate p62 function. Our findings shed new light on the mechanistic and functional significance of the major cytosolic adaptor protein p62 in two fundamental signaling pathways. The autophagic receptor p62 recognizes arginylated (Nt-R) substrates through its ZZ domain (p62ZZ). Here the authors identify a p62 auto regulatory mechanism and provide structural insights into the selective recognition of Nt-R by p62ZZ and further show that Nt-R binding stimulates p62 oligomerization and macroautophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Su Ran Mun
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Juan F Linares
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - JaeWoo Ahn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Christina G Towers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Chang Hoon Ji
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Brent E Fitzwalter
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Michael R Holden
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Wenyi Mi
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Xiaobing Shi
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Jorge Moscat
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Andrew Thorburn
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Maria T Diaz-Meco
- Cancer Metabolism and Signaling Networks Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Yong Tae Kwon
- Protein Metabolism Medical Research Center and Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Protech Inc., Yongeon 103 Daehangno, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 110-799, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tatiana G Kutateladze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
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50
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Kwon DH, Park OH, Kim L, Jung YO, Park Y, Jeong H, Hyun J, Kim YK, Song HK. Insights into degradation mechanism of N-end rule substrates by p62/SQSTM1 autophagy adapter. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3291. [PMID: 30120248 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05825-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
p62/SQSTM1 is the key autophagy adapter protein and the hub of multi-cellular signaling. It was recently reported that autophagy and N-end rule pathways are linked via p62. However, the exact recognition mode of degrading substrates and regulation of p62 in the autophagic pathway remain unknown. Here, we present the complex structures between the ZZ-domain of p62 and various type-1 and type-2 N-degrons. The binding mode employed in the interaction of the ZZ-domain with N-degrons differs from that employed by classic N-recognins. It was also determined that oligomerization via the PB1 domain can control functional affinity to the R-BiP substrate. Unexpectedly, we found that self-oligomerization and disassembly of p62 are pH-dependent. These findings broaden our understanding of the functional repertoire of the N-end rule pathway and provide an insight into the regulation of p62 during the autophagic pathway. The autophagy adapter p62/SQSTM1 plays a key role in selective autophagy and also recognizes N-end rule substrates. Here the authors provide molecular insights into p62 N-end rule substrate recognition by solving the structures of the p62 ZZ-domain in complex with various type 1 and type 2 degrons and also show the pH dependent oligomerization of p62.
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