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Wang Q, Wang X, Liu B, Ma S, Zhang F, Sun S, Jing Y, Fan Y, Ding Y, Xiong M, Li J, Zhai Q, Zheng Y, Liu C, Xu G, Yang J, Wang S, Ye J, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Qu J, Liu GH, Zhang W. Aging induces region-specific dysregulation of hormone synthesis in the primate adrenal gland. Nat Aging 2024; 4:396-413. [PMID: 38503993 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00588-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Adrenal glands, vital for steroid secretion and the regulation of metabolism, stress responses and immune activation, experience age-related decline, impacting systemic health. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying adrenal aging remain largely uninvestigated. Here we established a single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of both young and aged primate suprarenal glands, identifying lipid metabolism and steroidogenic pathways as core processes impacted by aging. We found dysregulation in centripetal adrenocortical differentiation in aged adrenal tissues and cells in the zona reticularis region, responsible for producing dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), were highly susceptible to aging, reflected by senescence, exhaustion and disturbed hormone production. Remarkably, LDLR was downregulated in all cell types of the outer cortex, and its targeted inactivation in human adrenal cells compromised cholesterol uptake and secretion of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, as observed in aged primate adrenal glands. Our study provides crucial insights into endocrine physiology, holding therapeutic promise for addressing aging-related adrenal insufficiency and delaying systemic aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoran Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuebao Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Beibei Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou, China
- The Joint Innovation Center for Engineering in Medicine, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou, China
| | - Shuhui Sun
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaobin Jing
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- International Center for Aging and Cancer, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Yanling Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Yingjie Ding
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Muzhao Xiong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaocheng Zhai
- Division of Endocrinology, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou, China
- The Joint Innovation Center for Engineering in Medicine, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou, China
| | - Yandong Zheng
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chengyu Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Liver Transplant Center, Organ Transplant Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayin Yang
- Liver Transplant Center, Organ Transplant Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Si Wang
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlin Ye
- The Joint Innovation Center for Engineering in Medicine, Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou, China
| | | | - Jing Qu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- International Center for Aging and Cancer, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China.
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing, China.
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing, China.
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2
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Wang X, Luo Y, He S, Lu Y, Gong Y, Gao L, Mao S, Liu X, Jiang N, Pu Q, Du D, Shu Y, Hai S, Li S, Chen HN, Zhao Y, Xie D, Qi S, Lei P, Hu H, Xu H, Zhou ZG, Dong B, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Dai L. Age-, sex- and proximal-distal-resolved multi-omics identifies regulators of intestinal aging in non-human primates. Nat Aging 2024; 4:414-433. [PMID: 38321225 PMCID: PMC10950786 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-024-00572-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of intestinal diseases increases with age, yet the mechanisms governing gut aging and its link to diseases, such as colorectal cancer (CRC), remain elusive. In this study, while considering age, sex and proximal-distal variations, we used a multi-omics approach in non-human primates (Macaca fascicularis) to shed light on the heterogeneity of intestinal aging and identify potential regulators of gut aging. We explored the roles of several regulators, including those from tryptophan metabolism, in intestinal function and lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Suggesting conservation of region specificity, tryptophan metabolism via the kynurenine and serotonin (5-HT) pathways varied between the proximal and distal colon, and, using a mouse colitis model, we observed that distal colitis was more sensitive to 5-HT treatment. Additionally, using proteomics analysis of human CRC samples, we identified links between gut aging and CRC, with high HPX levels predicting poor prognosis in older patients with CRC. Together, this work provides potential targets for preventing gut aging and associated diseases.
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Grants
- P40 OD010440 NIH HHS
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China)
- National Key R&D Program of China,2022YFA1303200, 2018YFC2000305; The 135 Project of West China Hospital, ZYJC21005, ZYGD20010 and ZYYC23013.
- Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province,2023NSFSC1196
- Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province,2021YFS0134
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics of West China Hospital, Z2021JC005
- The 135 Project of West China Hospital, ZYYC23025.
- National Key R&D Program of China, 2019YFA0110203;
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics of West China Hospital, Z2021JC006;
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Center for Immunology and Hematology and General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Advanced Mass Spectrometry Center, Research Core Facility, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaru Luo
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Center for Immunology and Hematology and General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyu He
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Center for Immunology and Hematology and General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Lu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Center for Immunology and Hematology and General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanqiu Gong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Center for Immunology and Hematology and General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Gao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Center for Immunology and Hematology and General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shengqiang Mao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Center for Immunology and Hematology and General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Advanced Mass Spectrometry Center, Research Core Facility, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianlun Pu
- Advanced Mass Spectrometry Center, Research Core Facility, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Du
- Advanced Mass Spectrometry Center, Research Core Facility, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Shu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Center for Immunology and Hematology and General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Hai
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Center for Immunology and Hematology and General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuangqing Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Center for Immunology and Hematology and General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai-Ning Chen
- Colorectal Cancer Center, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Xie
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Center for Immunology and Hematology and General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiqian Qi
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Center for Immunology and Hematology and General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Lei
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Center for Immunology and Hematology and General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Center for Immunology and Hematology and General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Heng Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Center for Immunology and Hematology and General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zong-Guang Zhou
- Colorectal Cancer Center, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Biao Dong
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Center for Immunology and Hematology and General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Huiyuan Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Center for Immunology and Hematology and General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Center for Immunology and Hematology and General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Center for Immunology and Hematology and General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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3
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Yu D, Wan H, Tong C, Guang L, Chen G, Su J, Zhang L, Wang Y, Xiao Z, Zhai J, Yan L, Ma W, Liang K, Liu T, Wang Y, Peng Z, Luo L, Yu R, Li W, Qi H, Wang H, Shyh-Chang N. A multi-tissue metabolome atlas of primate pregnancy. Cell 2024; 187:764-781.e14. [PMID: 38306985 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Pregnancy induces dramatic metabolic changes in females; yet, the intricacies of this metabolic reprogramming remain poorly understood, especially in primates. Using cynomolgus monkeys, we constructed a comprehensive multi-tissue metabolome atlas, analyzing 273 samples from 23 maternal tissues during pregnancy. We discovered a decline in metabolic coupling between tissues as pregnancy progressed. Core metabolic pathways that were rewired during primate pregnancy included steroidogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism. Our atlas revealed 91 pregnancy-adaptive metabolites changing consistently across 23 tissues, whose roles we verified in human cell models and patient samples. Corticosterone and palmitoyl-carnitine regulated placental maturation and maternal tissue progenitors, respectively, with implications for maternal preeclampsia, diabetes, cardiac hypertrophy, and muscle and liver regeneration. Moreover, we found that corticosterone deficiency induced preeclampsia-like inflammation, indicating the atlas's potential clinical value. Overall, our multi-tissue metabolome atlas serves as a framework for elucidating the role of metabolic regulation in female health during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dainan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Haifeng Wan
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chao Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lu Guang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiali Su
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhenyu Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinglei Zhai
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Long Yan
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenwu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Kun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Taoyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuefan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zehang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Lanfang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ruoxuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Hongbo Qi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401120, China.
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Ng Shyh-Chang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing 100101, China.
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4
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Baez H, Jennifer L, Amber W, William F, Rachel H, Sara P, David D, Vamsi G, Juliette M. Contributed Session I: Inner limiting membrane peel extends vivo calcium imaging of ganglion cells (RGC) beyond the fovea in non-human primate. J Vis 2023; 23:70. [PMID: 38109578 DOI: 10.1167/jov.23.15.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral expression of the calcium indicator GCaMP in primate RGCs has enabled optical readout of retinal function at a cellular scale in vivo. To date, functional recording has been limited to transduced RGCs close to the foveal pit. In this study we evaluate ILM peel as a strategy to expand the area of transduced RGCs and allow functional recording beyond the fovea in the living eye. 4 eyes of 3 immunosuppressed macaca fascicularis received a 9-12° ILM peel centered on the fovea, followed by intravitreal injection of GCaMP8s 4-8 weeks post-peel. A 660nm flickering visual stimulus drove RGC GCaMP responses which were recorded with fluorescence adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. In all eyes GCaMP was expressed throughout the peeled area, representing a mean 8-fold enlargement in the area of expression relative to a control eye with no peel. Functional responses were obtained from RGCs at max eccentricities of 11.7 o, 8.0 o, 9.7 o, and 13.7 o and could be classified as ON or OFF types up to the edge of the peel. Mean RGC responses in ILM peeled and control eyes of the same animal were comparable at 3.5 o and longitudinal tracking of individual RGCs showed stable responses up to 6 months post-peel. ILM peel substantially expands the region of primate retina accessible for in vivo GCaMP beyond the foveal ring of RGCs. This presents new opportunities for physiological study of the retina and pre-clinical testing of novel therapies in retinal degeneration models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector Baez
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester
| | | | - Walker Amber
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester
| | | | | | | | - DiLoreto David
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester Medical Center
| | - Gullapalli Vamsi
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Rochester Medical Center
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5
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Sun S, Li J, Wang S, Li J, Ren J, Bao Z, Sun L, Ma X, Zheng F, Ma S, Sun L, Wang M, Yu Y, Ma M, Wang Q, Chen Z, Ma H, Wang X, Wu Z, Zhang H, Yan K, Yang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Lei J, Teng ZQ, Liu CM, Bai G, Wang YJ, Li J, Wang X, Zhao G, Jiang T, Belmonte JCI, Qu J, Zhang W, Liu GH. CHIT1-positive microglia drive motor neuron ageing in the primate spinal cord. Nature 2023; 624:611-620. [PMID: 37907096 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06783-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is a critical factor in spinal-cord-associated disorders1, yet the ageing-specific mechanisms underlying this relationship remain poorly understood. Here, to address this knowledge gap, we combined single-nucleus RNA-sequencing analysis with behavioural and neurophysiological analysis in non-human primates (NHPs). We identified motor neuron senescence and neuroinflammation with microglial hyperactivation as intertwined hallmarks of spinal cord ageing. As an underlying mechanism, we identified a neurotoxic microglial state demarcated by elevated expression of CHIT1 (a secreted mammalian chitinase) specific to the aged spinal cords in NHP and human biopsies. In the aged spinal cord, CHIT1-positive microglia preferentially localize around motor neurons, and they have the ability to trigger senescence, partly by activating SMAD signalling. We further validated the driving role of secreted CHIT1 on MN senescence using multimodal experiments both in vivo, using the NHP spinal cord as a model, and in vitro, using a sophisticated system modelling the human motor-neuron-microenvironment interplay. Moreover, we demonstrated that ascorbic acid, a geroprotective compound, counteracted the pro-senescent effect of CHIT1 and mitigated motor neuron senescence in aged monkeys. Our findings provide the single-cell resolution cellular and molecular landscape of the aged primate spinal cord and identify a new biomarker and intervention target for spinal cord degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaming Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Si Wang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing, China
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ren
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of RNA Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoshi Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas, Beijing, China
| | - Le Sun
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xibo Ma
- MAIS, State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Medicine and Biomedical Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fangshuo Zheng
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuai Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing, China
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaoran Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- MAIS, State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - He Ma
- MAIS, State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Medicine and Biomedical Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuebao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zeming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaowen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghui Lei
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Qian Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang-Mei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Bai
- The MOE Frontier Research Center of Brain & Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Li
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing, China
- The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoguang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Clinical Research Center for Epilepsy Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas, Beijing, China
- Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing, China
| | | | - Jing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing, China.
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Beijing Municipal Geriatric Medical Research Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Aging Biomarker Consortium, Beijing, China.
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6
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Chocarro J, Rico AJ, Ariznabarreta G, Roda E, Honrubia A, Collantes M, Peñuelas I, Vázquez A, Rodríguez-Pérez AI, Labandeira-García JL, Vila M, Lanciego JL. Neuromelanin accumulation drives endogenous synucleinopathy in non-human primates. Brain 2023; 146:5000-5014. [PMID: 37769648 PMCID: PMC10689915 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Although neuromelanin is a dark pigment characteristic of dopaminergic neurons in the human substantia nigra pars compacta, its potential role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) has often been neglected since most commonly used laboratory animals lack neuromelanin. Here we took advantage of adeno-associated viral vectors encoding the human tyrosinase gene for triggering a time-dependent neuromelanin accumulation within substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons in macaques up to similar levels of pigmentation as observed in elderly humans. Furthermore, neuromelanin accumulation induced an endogenous synucleinopathy mimicking intracellular inclusions typically observed in PD together with a progressive degeneration of neuromelanin-expressing dopaminergic neurons. Moreover, Lewy body-like intracellular inclusions were observed in cortical areas of the frontal lobe receiving dopaminergic innervation, supporting a circuit-specific anterograde spread of endogenous synucleinopathy by permissive trans-synaptic templating. In summary, the conducted strategy resulted in the development and characterization of a new macaque model of PD matching the known neuropathology of this disorder with unprecedented accuracy. Most importantly, evidence is provided showing that intracellular aggregation of endogenous α-synuclein is triggered by neuromelanin accumulation, therefore any therapeutic approach intended to decrease neuromelanin levels may provide appealing choices for the successful implementation of novel PD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Chocarro
- CNS Gene Therapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Ciberned-ISCIII), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinsons’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Alberto J Rico
- CNS Gene Therapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Ciberned-ISCIII), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinsons’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Goiaz Ariznabarreta
- CNS Gene Therapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Ciberned-ISCIII), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinsons’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Elvira Roda
- CNS Gene Therapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Ciberned-ISCIII), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinsons’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Adriana Honrubia
- CNS Gene Therapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Ciberned-ISCIII), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinsons’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - María Collantes
- Translational Molecular Imaging Unit, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iván Peñuelas
- Translational Molecular Imaging Unit, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alfonso Vázquez
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitario de Navarra, Servicio Navarro de Salud, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana I Rodríguez-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Ciberned-ISCIII), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José L Labandeira-García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Ciberned-ISCIII), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miquel Vila
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Ciberned-ISCIII), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinsons’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
- Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Neurodegenerative Diseses Research Group, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
- Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José L Lanciego
- CNS Gene Therapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (Ciberned-ISCIII), 28031 Madrid, Spain
- Aligning Science Across Parkinsons’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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7
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Ke X, Jiang H, Li Q, Luo S, Qin Y, Li J, Xie Q, Zheng Q. Preclinical evaluation of KH631, a novel rAAV8 gene therapy product for neovascular age-related macular degeneration. Mol Ther 2023; 31:3308-3321. [PMID: 37752703 PMCID: PMC10638048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is strongly associated with the development of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Currently, the standard treatment for nAMD involves frequent intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents, which inhibit the growth of new blood vessels and prevent leakage. However, this treatment regimen places a significant burden on patients, their families, and healthcare providers due to the need for repeated visits to the clinic for injections. Gene therapy, which enables the sustained expression of anti-VEGF proteins after a single injection, can dramatically reduce the treatment burden. KH631 is a recombinant adeno-associated virus 8 vector that encodes a human VEGF receptor fusion protein, and it is being developed as a long-term treatment for nAMD. In preclinical studies using non-human primates, subretinal administration of KH631 at a low dose of 3 × 108 vg/eye resulted in remarkable retention of the transgene product in the retina and prevented the formation and progression of grade IV CNV lesions. Furthermore, sustained transgene expression was observed for more than 96 weeks. These findings suggest that a single subretinal injection of KH631 has the potential to offer a one-time, low-dose treatment for nAMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Ke
- Chengdu Origen Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China; Chengdu Kanghong Pharmaceuticals Group Co Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Chengdu Origen Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China; Therapeutic Proteins Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- Chengdu Origen Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China; Therapeutic Proteins Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Luo
- Chengdu Origen Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China; Therapeutic Proteins Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingfei Qin
- Chengdu Origen Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Chengdu Origen Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Chengdu Origen Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China; Therapeutic Proteins Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- Chengdu Origen Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, China; Chengdu Kanghong Pharmaceuticals Group Co Ltd, Chengdu, China; Therapeutic Proteins Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
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8
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Cerrito P, Spear JK. Lack of evidence for coevolution between oxytocin receptor N-terminal variants and monogamy in placental mammals. Horm Behav 2023; 156:105437. [PMID: 37806189 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2023.105437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OXT) is a neurohypophyseal hormone that influences a wide range of affiliative behaviors, such as pair-bonding and infant care, across mammals. The effects of OXT depend significantly on an adequate interaction with its receptor, OXTR. OXTR belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor family. The extracellular N-terminal domain of OXTR interacts with the linear C-terminal tail of OXT and is required for OXT binding. Across mammalian species there is a genetic diversity in OXTR terminal sequence. Previous work on primates has shown an association between OXTR phylogeny and monogamy. However, it is not clear whether this variation coevolved with either mating system (monogamy) or infant care behaviors (such as allomaternal care). Here, we take a phylogenetic comparative and evolutionary modeling approach across a wide range of placental mammals (n = 60) to test whether OXTR N-terminal variants co-evolved with either monogamy or allomaternal care behaviors. Our results indicate that the diversity in OXTR N-terminal region is unlikely to provide the underlying genetic bases for variation in mating system and/or allomaternal behavior as we find no evidence for co-evolution between protein sequence and affiliative behaviors. Hence, the role played by OXT in influencing affiliative behaviors is unlikely to be mediated by the genetic diversity of its receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cerrito
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY, USA; New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY, USA; Collegium Helveticum, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland; Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Jeffrey K Spear
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY, USA; New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY, USA.
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9
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Skvorak K, Liu J, Kruse N, Mehmood R, Das S, Jenne S, Chng C, Lao UL, Duan D, Asfaha J, Du F, Teadt L, Sero A, Ching C, Riggins J, Pope L, Yan P, Mashiana H, Ismaili MHA, McCluskie K, Huisman G, Silverman AP. Oral enzyme therapy for maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) suppresses plasma leucine levels in intermediate MSUD mice and healthy nonhuman primates. J Inherit Metab Dis 2023; 46:1089-1103. [PMID: 37494004 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is an inborn error of branched-chain amino acid metabolism affecting several thousand individuals worldwide. MSUD patients have elevated levels of plasma leucine and its metabolic product α-ketoisocaproate (KIC), which can lead to severe neurotoxicity, coma, and death. Patients must maintain a strict diet of protein restriction and medical formula, and periods of noncompliance or illness can lead to acute metabolic decompensation or cumulative neurological impairment. Given the lack of therapeutic options for MSUD patients, we sought to develop an oral enzyme therapy that can degrade leucine within the gastrointestinal tract prior to its systemic absorption and thus enable patients to maintain acceptable plasma leucine levels while broadening their access to natural protein. We identified a highly active leucine decarboxylase enzyme from Planctomycetaceae bacterium and used directed evolution to engineer the enzyme for stability to gastric and intestinal conditions. Following high-throughput screening of over 12 000 enzyme variants over 9 iterative rounds of evolution, we identified a lead variant, LDCv10, which retains activity following simulated gastric or intestinal conditions in vitro. In intermediate MSUD mice or healthy nonhuman primates given a whey protein meal, oral treatment with LDCv10 suppressed the spike in plasma leucine and KIC and reduced the leucine area under the curve in a dose-dependent manner. Reduction in plasma leucine correlated with decreased brain leucine levels following oral LDCv10 treatment. Collectively, these data support further development of LDCv10 as a potential new therapy for MSUD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joyce Liu
- Codexis, Inc., Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Nikki Kruse
- Codexis, Inc., Redwood City, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - U Loi Lao
- Codexis, Inc., Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Da Duan
- Codexis, Inc., Redwood City, California, USA
| | | | - Faye Du
- Codexis, Inc., Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Leann Teadt
- Codexis, Inc., Redwood City, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lianne Pope
- Codexis, Inc., Redwood City, California, USA
| | - Ping Yan
- Codexis, Inc., Redwood City, California, USA
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10
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Rivas-Santisteban R, Rico AJ, Muñoz A, Rodríguez-Pérez AI, Reyes-Resina I, Navarro G, Labandeira-García JL, Lanciego JL, Franco R. Boolean analysis shows a high proportion of dopamine D 2 receptors interacting with adenosine A 2A receptors in striatal medium spiny neurons of mouse and non-human primate models of Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 188:106341. [PMID: 37918757 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The antagonistic effect of adenosine on dopaminergic transmission in the basal ganglia indirect motor control pathway is mediated by dopamine D2 (D2R) and adenosine A2A (A2AR) receptors co-expressed on medium spiny striatal neurons. The pathway is unbalanced in Parkinson's disease (PD) and an A2AR blocker has been approved for use with levodopa in the therapy of the disease. However, it is not known whether the therapy is acting on individually expressed receptors or in receptors forming A2A-D2 receptor heteromers, whose functionality is unique. For two proteins prone to interact, a very recently developed technique, MolBoolean, allows to determine the number of proteins that are either non-interacting or interacting. After checking the feasibility of the technique and reliability of data in transfected cells and in striatal primary neurons, the Boolean analysis of receptors in the striatum of rats and monkeys showed a high percentage of D2 receptors interacting with the adenosine receptor, while, on the contrary, a significant proportion of A2A receptors do not interact with dopamine receptors. The number of interacting receptors increased when rats and monkeys were lesioned to become a PD model. The use of a tracer of the indirect pathway in monkeys confirmed that the data was restricted to the population of striatal neurons projecting to the GPe. The results are not only relevant for being the first study quantifying individual versus interacting G protein-coupled receptors, but also for showing that the D2R in these specific neurons, in both control and PD animals, is under the control of the A2AR. The tight adenosine/dopamine receptor coupling suggest benefits of early antiparkinsonian treatment with adenosine receptor blockers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Rivas-Santisteban
- Laboratory of Computational Medicine, Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Campus Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona. Spain; Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos iii, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alberto José Rico
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos iii, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CNS Gene Therapy Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA, IdiSNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Muñoz
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos iii, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana I Rodríguez-Pérez
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos iii, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Irene Reyes-Resina
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos iii, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Navarro
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos iii, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Neuroscience of the University of Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Luis Labandeira-García
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos iii, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology of Parkinson's Disease, Research Center for Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS), IDIS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Luis Lanciego
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos iii, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CNS Gene Therapy Department, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA, IdiSNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rafael Franco
- Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, CiberNed, Spanish National Health Institute Carlos iii, Av. Monforte de Lemos, 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Molecular Neurobiology laboratory, Dept. Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; School of Chemistry, Universitat de Barcelona. Barcelona, Spain.
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11
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Haider A, Wang L, Gobbi L, Li Y, Chaudhary A, Zhou X, Chen J, Zhao C, Rong J, Xiao Z, Hou L, Elghazawy NH, Sippl W, Davenport AT, Daunais JB, Ahmed H, Crowe R, Honer M, Rominger A, Grether U, Liang SH, Ametamey SM. Evaluation of [ 18F]RoSMA-18-d 6 as a CB2 PET Radioligand in Nonhuman Primates. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3752-3760. [PMID: 37788055 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2) has been implicated in a variety of central and peripheral inflammatory diseases, prompting significant interest in the development of CB2-targeted diagnostic and therapeutic agents. A validated positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand for imaging CB2 in the living human brain as well as in peripheral tissues is currently lacking. As part of our research program, we have recently identified the trisubstituted pyridine, [18F]RoSMA-18-d6, which proved to be highly suitable for in vitro and in vivo mapping of CB2 in rodents. The aim of this study was to assess the performance characteristics of [18F]RoSMA-18-d6 in nonhuman primates (NHPs) to pave the way for clinical translation. [18F]RoSMA-18-d6 was synthesized from the respective tosylate precursor according to previously reported procedures. In vitro autoradiograms with NHP spleen tissue sections revealed a high binding of [18F]RoSMA-18-d6 to the CB2-rich NHP spleen, which was significantly blocked by coincubation with the commercially available CB2 ligand, GW405833 (10 μM). In contrast, no specific binding was observed by in vitro autoradiography with NHP brain sections, which was in agreement with the notion of a CB2-deficient healthy mammalian brain. In vitro findings were corroborated by PET imaging experiments in NHPs, where [18F]RoSMA-18-d6 uptake in the spleen was dose-dependently attenuated with 1 and 5 mg/kg GW405833, while no specific brain signal was observed. Remarkably, we observed tracer uptake and retention in the NHP spinal cord, which was reduced by GW405833 blockade, pointing toward a potential utility of [18F]RoSMA-18-d6 in probing CB2-expressing cells in the bone marrow. If these observations are substantiated in NHP models of enhanced leukocyte proliferation in the bone marrow, [18F]RoSMA-18-d6 may serve as a valuable marker for hematopoietic activity in various pathologies. In conclusion, [18F]RoSMA-18-d6 proved to be a suitable PET radioligand for imaging CB2 in NHPs, supporting its translation to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Haider
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Luca Gobbi
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yinlong Li
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Ahmad Chaudhary
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Chunyu Zhao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jian Rong
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Zhiwei Xiao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Lu Hou
- Center of Cyclotron and PET Radiopharmaceuticals, Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT-MRI Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Nehal H Elghazawy
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, W.-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, W.-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - April T Davenport
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - James B Daunais
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Hazem Ahmed
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ETH, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ron Crowe
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Michael Honer
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Axel Rominger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bern University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Grether
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Steven H Liang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Simon M Ametamey
- Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH-PSI-USZ, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences ETH, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Bhoopal B, Gollapelli KK, Damuka N, Miller M, Krizan I, Bansode A, Register T, Frye BM, Kim J, Mintz A, Orr M, Craft S, Whitlow C, Lockhart SN, Shively CA, Solingapuram Sai KK. Preliminary PET Imaging of Microtubule-Based PET Radioligand [ 11C]MPC-6827 in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Alzheimer's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3745-3751. [PMID: 37724996 PMCID: PMC10966409 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The microtubule (MT) instability observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is commonly attributed to hyperphosphorylation of the MT-associated protein, tau. In vivo PET imaging offers an opportunity to gain critical information about MT changes with the onset and development of AD and related dementia. We developed the first brain-penetrant MT PET ligand, [11C]MPC-6827, and evaluated its in vivo imaging utility in vervet monkeys. Consistent with our previous in vitro cell uptake and in vivo rodent imaging experiments, [11C]MPC-6827 uptake increased with MT destabilization. Radioactive uptake was inversely related to (cerebrospinal fluid) CSF Aβ42 levels and directly related to age in a nonhuman primate (NHP) model of AD. Additionally, in vitro autoradiography studies also corroborated PET imaging results. Here, we report the preliminary results of PET imaging with [11C]MPC-6827 in four female vervet monkeys with high or low CSF Aβ42 levels, which have been shown to correlate with the Aβ plaque burden, similar to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvanachandra Bhoopal
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Krishna Kumar Gollapelli
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Naresh Damuka
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Mack Miller
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Ivan Krizan
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Avinash Bansode
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Thomas Register
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Brett M Frye
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Jeongchul Kim
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Miranda Orr
- Department of Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Department of Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Christopher Whitlow
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Samuel N Lockhart
- Department of Gerontology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
| | - Carol A Shively
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157, United States
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13
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Paterson NM, Al-Zubieri H, Ragona J, Kohler KM, Tirado J, Geisbrecht BV, Barber MF. Dynamic Evolution of Bacterial Ligand Recognition by Formyl Peptide Receptors. Genome Biol Evol 2023; 15:evad175. [PMID: 37776517 PMCID: PMC10566242 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The detection of invasive pathogens is critical for host immune defense. Cell surface receptors play a key role in the recognition of diverse microbe-associated molecules, triggering leukocyte recruitment, phagocytosis, release of antimicrobial compounds, and cytokine production. The intense evolutionary forces acting on innate immune receptor genes have contributed to their rapid diversification across plants and animals. However, the functional consequences of immune receptor divergence are often unclear. Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) comprise a family of animal G protein-coupled receptors which are activated in response to a variety of ligands including formylated bacterial peptides, pathogen virulence factors, and host-derived antimicrobial peptides. FPR activation in turn promotes inflammatory signaling and leukocyte migration to sites of infection. Here we investigate patterns of gene loss, diversification, and ligand recognition among FPRs in primates and carnivores. We find that FPR1, which plays a critical role in innate immune defense in humans, has been lost in New World primates. Amino acid variation in FPR1 and FPR2 among primates and carnivores is consistent with a history of repeated positive selection acting on extracellular domains involved in ligand recognition. To assess the consequences of FPR divergence on bacterial ligand interactions, we measured binding between primate FPRs and the FPR agonist Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B, as well as S. aureus FLIPr-like, an FPR inhibitor. We found that few rapidly evolving sites in primate FPRs are sufficient to modulate recognition of bacterial proteins, demonstrating how natural selection may serve to tune FPR activation in response to diverse microbial ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Paterson
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hussein Al-Zubieri
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Joseph Ragona
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Kristin M Kohler
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Juan Tirado
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Brian V Geisbrecht
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Matthew F Barber
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
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14
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Ye Y, Yang K, Liu H, Yu Y, Song M, Huang D, Lei J, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Chu Q, Fan Y, Zhang S, Jing Y, Esteban CR, Wang S, Belmonte JCI, Qu J, Zhang W, Liu GH. SIRT2 counteracts primate cardiac aging via deacetylation of STAT3 that silences CDKN2B. Nat Aging 2023; 3:1269-1287. [PMID: 37783815 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00486-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor contributing to pathophysiological changes in the heart, yet its intrinsic mechanisms have been largely unexplored in primates. In this study, we investigated the hypertrophic and senescence phenotypes in the hearts of aged cynomolgus monkeys as well as the transcriptomic and proteomic landscapes of young and aged primate hearts. SIRT2 was identified as a key protein decreased in aged monkey hearts, and engineered SIRT2 deficiency in human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes recapitulated key senescence features of primate heart aging. Further investigations revealed that loss of SIRT2 in human cardiomyocytes led to the hyperacetylation of STAT3, which transcriptionally activated CDKN2B and, in turn, triggered cardiomyocyte degeneration. Intra-myocardial injection of lentiviruses expressing SIRT2 ameliorated age-related cardiac dysfunction in mice. Taken together, our study provides valuable resources for decoding primate cardiac aging and identifies the SIRT2-STAT3-CDKN2B regulatory axis as a potential therapeutic target against human cardiac aging and aging-related cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxia Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kuan Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haisong Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Moshi Song
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daoyuan Huang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghui Lei
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyuan Zhang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zunpeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qun Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanling Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Brain-Intelligence Technology (Shanghai), Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaobin Jing
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Si Wang
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Jing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xuanwu Hospital Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Aging Translational Medicine Center, International Center for Aging and Cancer, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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15
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Olabode AS, Mumby MJ, Wild TA, Muñoz-Baena L, Dikeakos JD, Poon AFY. Phylogenetic Reconstruction and Functional Characterization of the Ancestral Nef Protein of Primate Lentiviruses. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:msad164. [PMID: 37463439 PMCID: PMC10400143 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nef is an accessory protein unique to the primate HIV-1, HIV-2, and SIV lentiviruses. During infection, Nef functions by interacting with multiple host proteins within infected cells to evade the immune response and enhance virion infectivity. Notably, Nef can counter immune regulators such as CD4 and MHC-I, as well as the SERINC5 restriction factor in infected cells. In this study, we generated a posterior sample of time-scaled phylogenies relating SIV and HIV Nef sequences, followed by reconstruction of ancestral sequences at the root and internal nodes of the sampled trees up to the HIV-1 Group M ancestor. Upon expression of the ancestral primate lentivirus Nef protein within CD4+ HeLa cells, flow cytometry analysis revealed that the primate lentivirus Nef ancestor robustly downregulated cell-surface SERINC5, yet only partially downregulated CD4 from the cell surface. Further analysis revealed that the Nef-mediated CD4 downregulation ability evolved gradually, while Nef-mediated SERINC5 downregulation was recovered abruptly in the HIV-1/M ancestor. Overall, this study provides a framework to reconstruct ancestral viral proteins and enable the functional characterization of these proteins to delineate how functions could have changed throughout evolutionary history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi S Olabode
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Mitchell J Mumby
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Tristan A Wild
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Laura Muñoz-Baena
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Jimmy D Dikeakos
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Art F Y Poon
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Western University, London, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Western University, London, Canada
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16
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Zhoujun Z, Bingzheng F, Yuwei Y, Yingying Z, Zhiran X, Chunhua H, Jing L, Haibo T, Wanli L, Ting Z, Fujun L, Jibing C, Hongjun G. Transplantation of insulin-producing cells derived from human MSCs to treat diabetes in a non-human primate model. Artif Organs 2023; 47:1298-1308. [PMID: 37032529 DOI: 10.1111/aor.14538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Islet cell transplantation is an emerging therapy in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Differentiation of islet cells from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a potential solution to the challenge of insufficient donor sources. This study investigated whether human umbilical cord-derived MSCs could effectively differentiate into insulin-producing cells (IPCs) and evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of IPCs in treating diabetes. METHODS IPCs were induced from MSCs by a two-step protocol. IPC expression products were evaluated by western blot and real-time PCR. IPC insulin secretion was evaluated by ELISA. The viability of IPCs was measured by FDA/PI and dithizone staining. The non-human primate tree shrew was used as a diabetes model. After a single STZ induction into a diabetes model, a single intraportal transplantation of IPCs, MSCs, or normal saline was performed (n = 6 per group). Blood glucose was monitored for 3 weeks, then the animals were euthanized and the distribution of IPCs in the liver was examined pathologically. RESULTS After about 3 weeks of in vitro induction, IPCs formed microspheres of 100-200 μm, with >95% viable cells that were dithizone stain positive. IPCs expressed islet-related genes and proteins and secreted high levels of insulin whether stimulated by low or high levels of glucose. After transplantation of IPCs into diabetic tree shrews, blood glucose levels decreased rapidly to near normal and were significantly lower than the MSC or saline groups for 3 weeks thereafter. CONCLUSION We present the novel discovery that IPCs derived from human umbilical cord MSCs exert a therapeutic effect in a non-human primate model of diabetes. This study provides a preliminary experimental basis for the use of autologous MSC-derived IPCs in the treatment of human diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zhoujun
- Ruikang Hospital affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Sixth Hospital affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Feng Bingzheng
- Ruikang Hospital affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Yang Yuwei
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | | | - Xu Zhiran
- Ruikang Hospital affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - He Chunhua
- Sixth Hospital affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Leng Jing
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of High Incidence Infectious Diseases for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine & Translational Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Tang Haibo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of High Incidence Infectious Diseases for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine & Translational Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Li Wanli
- Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Zhang Ting
- Ruikang Hospital affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Li Fujun
- Ruikang Hospital affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Chen Jibing
- Ruikang Hospital affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Gao Hongjun
- Ruikang Hospital affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanning, China
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17
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Castner SA, Gupta S, Wang D, Moreno AJ, Park C, Chen C, Poon Y, Groen A, Greenberg K, David N, Boone T, Baxter MG, Williams GV, Dubal DB. Longevity factor klotho enhances cognition in aged nonhuman primates. Nat Aging 2023; 3:931-937. [PMID: 37400721 PMCID: PMC10432271 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00441-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction in aging is a major biomedical challenge. Whether treatment with klotho, a longevity factor, could enhance cognition in human-relevant models such as in nonhuman primates is unknown and represents a major knowledge gap in the path to therapeutics. We validated the rhesus form of the klotho protein in mice showing it increased synaptic plasticity and cognition. We then found that a single administration of low-dose, but not high-dose, klotho enhanced memory in aged nonhuman primates. Systemic low-dose klotho treatment may prove therapeutic in aging humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy A Castner
- Department of Psychiatry and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shweta Gupta
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arturo J Moreno
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Cana Park
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yan Poon
- Unity Biotechnology, Brisbane, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Tom Boone
- Tom Boone Consulting, Newbury Park, CA, USA
| | - Mark G Baxter
- Section on Comparative Medicine, Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Graham V Williams
- Department of Psychiatry and VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Yale School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dena B Dubal
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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18
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Hanna K, Nieves J, Dowd C, Bender KO, Sharma P, Singh B, Renz M, Ver Hoeve JN, Cepeda D, Gelfman CM, Riley BE, Grishanin RN. Preclinical evaluation of ADVM-062, a novel intravitreal gene therapy vector for the treatment of blue cone monochromacy. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2014-2027. [PMID: 36932675 PMCID: PMC10362383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Blue cone monochromacy (BCM) is a rare X-linked retinal disease characterized by the absence of L- and M-opsin in cone photoreceptors, considered a potential gene therapy candidate. However, most experimental ocular gene therapies utilize subretinal vector injection which would pose a risk to the fragile central retinal structure of BCM patients. Here we describe the use of ADVM-062, a vector optimized for cone-specific expression of human L-opsin and administered using a single intravitreal (IVT) injection. Pharmacological activity of ADVM-062 was established in gerbils, whose cone-rich retina naturally lacks L-opsin. A single IVT administration dose of ADVM-062 effectively transduced gerbil cone photoreceptors and produced a de novo response to long-wavelength stimuli. To identify potential first-in-human doses we evaluated ADVM-062 in non-human primates. Cone-specific expression of ADVM-062 in primates was confirmed using ADVM-062.myc, a vector engineered with the same regulatory elements as ADVM-062. Enumeration of human OPN1LW.myc-positive cones demonstrated that doses ≥3 × 1010 vg/eye resulted in transduction of 18%-85% of foveal cones. A Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) toxicology study established that IVT administration of ADVM-062 was well tolerated at doses that could potentially achieve clinically meaningful effect, thus supporting the potential of ADVM-062 as a one-time IVT gene therapy for BCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Hanna
- Adverum Biotechnologies, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Julio Nieves
- Adverum Biotechnologies, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Christine Dowd
- Adverum Biotechnologies, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | | | - Pallavi Sharma
- Adverum Biotechnologies, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Baljit Singh
- Adverum Biotechnologies, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | - Mark Renz
- Adverum Biotechnologies, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | | | - Diana Cepeda
- Adverum Biotechnologies, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063, USA
| | | | - Brigit E Riley
- Adverum Biotechnologies, Inc., Redwood City, CA 94063, USA.
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19
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Carroll DT, Elsakr JM, Miller A, Fuhr J, Lindsley SR, Kirigiti M, Takahashi DL, Dean TA, Wesolowski SR, McCurdy CE, Friedman JE, Aagaard KM, Kievit P, Gannon M. Maternal Western-style diet in nonhuman primates leads to offspring islet adaptations including altered gene expression and insulin hypersecretion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E577-E588. [PMID: 37134140 PMCID: PMC10259856 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00087.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Maternal overnutrition is associated with increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in the offspring. Rodent models have shown that maternal overnutrition influences islet function in offspring. To determine whether maternal Western-style diet (WSD) alters prejuvenile islet function in a model that approximates that of human offspring, we utilized a well-characterized Japanese macaque model. We compared islet function from offspring exposed to WSD throughout pregnancy and lactation and weaned to WSD (WSD/WSD) compared with islets from offspring exposed only to postweaning WSD (CD/WSD) at 1 yr of age. WSD/WSD offspring islets showed increased basal insulin secretion and an exaggerated increase in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, as assessed by dynamic ex vivo perifusion assays, relative to CD/WSD-exposed offspring. We probed potential mechanisms underlying insulin hypersecretion using transmission electron microscopy to evaluate β-cell ultrastructure, qRT-PCR to quantify candidate gene expression, and Seahorse assay to assess mitochondrial function. Insulin granule density, mitochondrial density, and mitochondrial DNA ratio were similar between groups. However, islets from WSD/WSD male and female offspring had increased expression of transcripts known to facilitate stimulus-secretion coupling and changes in the expression of cell stress genes. Seahorse assay revealed increased spare respiratory capacity in islets from WSD/WSD male offspring. Overall, these results show that maternal WSD feeding confers changes to genes governing insulin secretory coupling and results in insulin hypersecretion as early as the postweaning period. The results suggest a maternal diet leads to early adaptation and developmental programming in offspring islet genes that may underlie future β-cell dysfunction.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Programed adaptations in islets in response to maternal WSD exposure may alter β-cell response to metabolic stress in offspring. We show that islets from maternal WSD-exposed offspring hypersecrete insulin, possibly due to increased components of stimulus-secretion coupling. These findings suggest that islet hyperfunction is programed by maternal diet, and changes can be detected as early as the postweaning period in nonhuman primate offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darian T Carroll
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Joseph M Elsakr
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Allie Miller
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Jennifer Fuhr
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Sarah Rene Lindsley
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States
| | - Melissa Kirigiti
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States
| | - Diana L Takahashi
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States
| | - Tyler A Dean
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States
| | - Stephanie R Wesolowski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States
| | - Carrie E McCurdy
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States
| | - Jacob E Friedman
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Paul Kievit
- Division of Cardiometabolic Health, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, United States
| | - Maureen Gannon
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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20
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Benkli B, Kim SY, Koike N, Han C, Tran CK, Silva E, Yan Y, Yagita K, Chen Z, Yoo SH, Burish MJ. Circadian Features of Cluster Headache and Migraine: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Genetic Analysis. Neurology 2023; 100:e2224-e2236. [PMID: 36990725 PMCID: PMC10259280 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Cluster headache and migraine have circadian features at multiple levels (cellular, systems, and behavioral). A thorough understanding of their circadian features informs their pathophysiologies. METHODS A librarian created search criteria in MEDLINE Ovid, Embase, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Two physicians independently performed the remainder of the systematic review/meta-analysis using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Separate from the systematic review/meta-analysis, we performed a genetic analysis for genes with a circadian pattern of expression (clock-controlled genes or CCGs) by cross-referencing genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of headache, a nonhuman primate study of CCGs in a variety of tissues, and recent reviews of brain areas relevant in headache disorders. Altogether, this allowed us to catalog circadian features at the behavioral level (circadian timing, time of day, time of year, and chronotype), systems level (relevant brain areas where CCGs are active, melatonin and corticosteroid levels), and cellular level (core circadian genes and CCGs). RESULTS For the systematic review and meta-analysis, 1,513 studies were found, and 72 met the inclusion criteria; for the genetic analysis, we found 16 GWASs, 1 nonhuman primate study, and 16 imaging reviews. For cluster headache behavior, meta-analyses showed a circadian pattern of attacks in 70.5% (3,490/4,953) of participants across 16 studies, with a clear circadian peak between 21:00 and 03:00 and circannual peaks in spring and autumn. Chronotype was highly variable across studies. At the systems level, lower melatonin and higher cortisol levels were reported in cluster headache participants. At the cellular level, cluster headache was associated with core circadian genes CLOCK and REV-ERBα, and 5 of the 9 cluster headache susceptibility genes were CCGs. For migraine behavior, meta-analyses showed a circadian pattern of attacks in 50.1% (2,698/5,385) of participants across 8 studies, with a clear circadian trough between 23:00 and 07:00 and a broad circannual peak between April and October. Chronotype was highly variable across studies. At the systems level, urinary melatonin levels were lower in participants with migraine and even lower during an attack. At the cellular level, migraine was associated with core circadian genes CK1δ and RORα, and 110 of the 168 migraine susceptibility genes were CCGs. DISCUSSION Cluster headache and migraine are highly circadian at multiple levels, reinforcing the importance of the hypothalamus. This review provides a pathophysiologic foundation for circadian-targeted research into these disorders. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION The study was registered with PROSPERO (registration number CRD42021234238).
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Affiliation(s)
- Barlas Benkli
- From the Departments of Neurology (B.B.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (S.Y.K., C.H., C.T., Z.C., S.-H.Y.), and Neurosurgery (Y.Y., M.J.B.), UTHealth Houston; Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience (N.K., K.Y.), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Japan; and Texas Medical Center Library (E.S.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Sun Young Kim
- From the Departments of Neurology (B.B.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (S.Y.K., C.H., C.T., Z.C., S.-H.Y.), and Neurosurgery (Y.Y., M.J.B.), UTHealth Houston; Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience (N.K., K.Y.), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Japan; and Texas Medical Center Library (E.S.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Nobuya Koike
- From the Departments of Neurology (B.B.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (S.Y.K., C.H., C.T., Z.C., S.-H.Y.), and Neurosurgery (Y.Y., M.J.B.), UTHealth Houston; Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience (N.K., K.Y.), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Japan; and Texas Medical Center Library (E.S.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Chorong Han
- From the Departments of Neurology (B.B.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (S.Y.K., C.H., C.T., Z.C., S.-H.Y.), and Neurosurgery (Y.Y., M.J.B.), UTHealth Houston; Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience (N.K., K.Y.), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Japan; and Texas Medical Center Library (E.S.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Celia K Tran
- From the Departments of Neurology (B.B.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (S.Y.K., C.H., C.T., Z.C., S.-H.Y.), and Neurosurgery (Y.Y., M.J.B.), UTHealth Houston; Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience (N.K., K.Y.), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Japan; and Texas Medical Center Library (E.S.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Emma Silva
- From the Departments of Neurology (B.B.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (S.Y.K., C.H., C.T., Z.C., S.-H.Y.), and Neurosurgery (Y.Y., M.J.B.), UTHealth Houston; Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience (N.K., K.Y.), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Japan; and Texas Medical Center Library (E.S.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Yuanqing Yan
- From the Departments of Neurology (B.B.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (S.Y.K., C.H., C.T., Z.C., S.-H.Y.), and Neurosurgery (Y.Y., M.J.B.), UTHealth Houston; Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience (N.K., K.Y.), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Japan; and Texas Medical Center Library (E.S.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Kazuhiro Yagita
- From the Departments of Neurology (B.B.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (S.Y.K., C.H., C.T., Z.C., S.-H.Y.), and Neurosurgery (Y.Y., M.J.B.), UTHealth Houston; Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience (N.K., K.Y.), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Japan; and Texas Medical Center Library (E.S.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Zheng Chen
- From the Departments of Neurology (B.B.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (S.Y.K., C.H., C.T., Z.C., S.-H.Y.), and Neurosurgery (Y.Y., M.J.B.), UTHealth Houston; Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience (N.K., K.Y.), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Japan; and Texas Medical Center Library (E.S.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Seung-Hee Yoo
- From the Departments of Neurology (B.B.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (S.Y.K., C.H., C.T., Z.C., S.-H.Y.), and Neurosurgery (Y.Y., M.J.B.), UTHealth Houston; Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience (N.K., K.Y.), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Japan; and Texas Medical Center Library (E.S.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Mark J Burish
- From the Departments of Neurology (B.B.), Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (S.Y.K., C.H., C.T., Z.C., S.-H.Y.), and Neurosurgery (Y.Y., M.J.B.), UTHealth Houston; Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience (N.K., K.Y.), Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Japan; and Texas Medical Center Library (E.S.), The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.
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21
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Yu Y, Jiang H, Liang Q, Qiu L, Huang T, Hu H, Bolshakov VY, Perlmutter JS, Tu Z. Radiosynthesis and Evaluation of a C-11 Radiotracer for Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 5 in the Brain. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:334-342. [PMID: 35951211 PMCID: PMC9918595 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01760-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE TRPC5 belongs to the mammalian superfamily of transient receptor potential (TRP) Ca2+-permeable cationic channels and it has been implicated in various CNS disorders. As part of our ongoing interest in the development of a PET radiotracer for imaging TRPC5, herein, we explored the radiosynthesis, and in vitro and in vivo evaluation of a new C-11 radiotracer [11C]HC070 in rodents and nonhuman primates. PROCEDURES [11C]HC070 was radiolabeled utilizing the corresponding precursor and [11C]CH3I via N-methylation protocol. Ex vivo biodistribution study of [11C]HC070 was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats. In vitro autoradiography study was conducted for the rat brain sections to characterize the radiotracer distribution in the brain regionals. MicroPET brain imaging studies of [11C]HC070 were done for 129S1/SvImJ wild-type mice and 129S1/SvImJ TRPC5 knockout mice for 0-60-min dynamic data acquisition after intravenous administration of the radiotracer. Dynamic PET scans (0-120 min) for the brain of cynomolgus male macaques were performed after the radiotracer injection. RESULTS [11C]HC070 was efficiently prepared with good radiochemical yield (45 ± 5%, n = 15), high chemical and radiochemical purity (> 99%), and high molar activity (320.6 ± 7.4 GBq/μmol, 8.6 ± 0.2 Ci/μmol) at the end of bombardment (EOB). Radiotracer [11C]HC070 has good solubility in the aqueous dose solution. The ex vivo biodistribution study showed that [11C]HC070 had a quick rat brain clearance. Autoradiography demonstrated that [11C]HC070 specifically binds to TRPC5-enriched regions in rat brain. MicroPET study showed the peak brain uptake (SUV value) was 0.63 in 129S1/SvImJ TRPC5 knockout mice compared to 1.13 in 129S1/SvImJ wild-type mice. PET study showed that [11C]HC070 has good brain uptake with maximum SUV of ~ 2.2 in the macaque brain, followed by rapid clearance. CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that [11C]HC070 is a TRPC5-specific radiotracer with high brain uptake and good brain washout pharmacokinetics in both rodents and nonhuman primates. The radiotracer is worth further investigating of its suitability to be a PET radiotracer for imaging TRPC5 in animals and human subjects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbo Yu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Qianwa Liang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lin Qiu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tianyu Huang
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hongzhen Hu
- Center for the Study of Itch and Sensory Disorders, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Vadim Y Bolshakov
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Joel S Perlmutter
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Zhude Tu
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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22
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Heffernan KS, Galvan A. Building and Characterization of an Affordable diOlistic Device for Single-Cell Labeling in Rodent and Non-Human Primate Brain Slices. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e760. [PMID: 37068198 PMCID: PMC10347685 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
In the brain, cell morphology often reflects function and thus provides a first glance into cell-specific changes in health and disease. Studying the morphology of individual cells, including neurons and glia, is essential to fully understand brain connectivity and changes in disease states. Many recent morphological studies of brain cells have relied on transgenic animals and viral vectors to label individual cells. However, transgenic animals are not always available, and in non-human primate (NHP) models, viral transduction poses several practical and financial challenges, limiting the number of researchers that can thoroughly investigate cell morphology in NHP or other non-transgenic animals. The diOlistic system for delivering fluorescent lipophilic dye-coated gold or tungsten particles into brain tissue has been used to label single cells, but the currently available systems are expensive, have limited applications, and are rare in laboratories. Investigations of cell morphology without transgenic or viral approaches rely on immunohistochemical markers that may not reveal structural detail, such as in astrocytes. To overcome these practical limitations to expand our understanding of cell morphology across species with an emphasis on astrocytes, we constructed a low-cost ballistic method to deliver dye-coated gold or tungsten particles into NHP and rodent brain slices. We have optimized the tissue processing parameters to achieve penetration of DiI-coated particles, allowing for the complete reconstruction of individual cells within a brain slice. While we report on astrocytes in rodent and NHP brain slices, this protocol can be adapted and implemented across species and tissue types to evaluate cell morphology. © 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Building the diOlistic device Basic Protocol 2: Preparation of dye "bullet" carriers Basic Protocol 3: Perfusion, brain sectioning, and diOlistic labeling Alternate Protocol: Immunohistochemical labeling of sections prior to diOlistic bombardment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate S Heffernan
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Disorders, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease Research, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adriana Galvan
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurological Disorders, Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson’s Disease Research, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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23
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Morera-Díaz Y, Canaán-Haden C, Sánchez-Ramírez J, Bequet-Romero M, Gonzalez-Moya I, Martínez R, Falcón V, Palenzuela D, Ayala-Ávila M, Gavilondo JV. Active immunization with a structurally aggregated PD-L1 antigen breaks T and B immune tolerance in non-human primates and exhibits in vivo anti-tumoral effects in immunocompetent mouse tumor models. Cancer Lett 2023; 561:216156. [PMID: 37019172 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the clinical success of the programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) blocking therapy in cancer treatment, only a subset of patients exhibits durable responses, therefore further exploration of other immunotherapeutic alternatives are needed. This paper reported the development of the PKPD-L1Vac vaccine, a new protein vaccine candidate that uses aluminum phosphate as an adjuvant and as an antigen the extracellular domain of human PD-L1 fused to a 47 amino-terminal portion of the LpdA protein from N. meningitides (PKPD-L1). The PKPD-L1 antigen has different physical and biological characteristics than those found in the natural molecule and in others PD-L1 vaccine candidates. The quimeric protein has a reduced binding capacity to the PD-1 and CD80 receptors to decrease their pro-tumoral activity. Besides, the distinctive feature of the PKPD-L1 polypeptide to be structurally aggregated could be desirable for its immunogenic properties. PKPD-L1Vac elicited anti-PD-L1-specific IgG antibodies and T lymphocyte-mediated immunity in mice and non-human primates. The vaccine administration demonstrated antitumor activity on CT-26 and B16-F10 primary tumor models in mice. Moreover, the immunization with PKPD-L1Vac increased the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and decreased the proportion of CD3+CD8+PD1+high anergic T cells in CT-26 tumor tissues, suggesting that the vaccine may remodel the tumor microenvironment. In summary, the PKPD-L1Vac vaccine exhibits very promising preclinical results and deserves to move forward to a phase I clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Morera-Díaz
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Playa Cubanacán, Havana, 10600, Cuba.
| | - C Canaán-Haden
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Playa Cubanacán, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - J Sánchez-Ramírez
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Playa Cubanacán, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - M Bequet-Romero
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Playa Cubanacán, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - I Gonzalez-Moya
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Playa Cubanacán, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - R Martínez
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Playa Cubanacán, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - V Falcón
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Playa Cubanacán, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - D Palenzuela
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Playa Cubanacán, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - M Ayala-Ávila
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Playa Cubanacán, Havana, 10600, Cuba
| | - J V Gavilondo
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), P.O. Box 6162, Playa Cubanacán, Havana, 10600, Cuba
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24
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Song Y, Kouta A, Cera LM, Xia K, Zhang F, Kraemer R, Fareed J, Linhardt RJ, Jeske W. Absolute pharmacokinetics of heparin in primates. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 311:120779. [PMID: 37028882 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Heparin is a commonly used anticoagulant drug, derived from the tissues of animals including pigs, cows, and sheep. Measuring heparin concentration in plasma is challenging due to its complex molecular structure. Existing methods rely on measuring heparin's anticoagulant activity, which provides pharmacodynamic (PD) data but not pharmacokinetic (PK) data, measuring concentration over time. To overcome this limitation, we used liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method to directly measure heparin's concentration in non-human primates after administering porcine, bovine, and ovine heparin. A protocol was developed to enable an MRM method for application to small plasma volumes without purification. The PK data obtained from LC-MS are then compared with the data obtained using the Heparin Red assay and the PD data determined using biochemical clinical assays. Results showed that LC-MS and Heparin Red assay measurements closely correlated with unfractionated heparin's biological activities, supporting the use of mass spectra and dye-binding assays to determine heparin levels in plasma. This study builds a way for the measurement of heparin concentration in plasma, which could lead to an improved understanding of heparin's metabolism and dosing safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefan Song
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Ahmed Kouta
- Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Lee M Cera
- Comparative Medicine Facility, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Ke Xia
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Roland Kraemer
- Inorganic Chemistry Institute, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jawed Fareed
- Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Walter Jeske
- Cardiovascular Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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Drury S, Claussen G, Zetterman A, Moriyama H, Moriyama EN, Zhang L. Evolution and emergence of primate-specific interferon regulatory factor 9. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28521. [PMID: 36691924 PMCID: PMC10107944 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The binding of interferon (IFN) to its receptors leads to formation of IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) complex that activates the transcription of cellular IFN-regulated genes. IFN regulatory factor 9 (IRF9, also called ISGF3γ or p48) is a key component of ISGF3. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the molecular evolution of IRF9 among vertebrates. In this study, we have identified the existence of the IRF9 gene in cartilaginous fish (sharks). Among primates, several isoforms unique to old world moneys and great apes are identified. These IRF9 isoforms are named as primate-specific IRF9 (PS-IRF9) to distinguish from canonical IRF9. PS-IRF9 originates from a unique exon usage and differential splicing in the IRF9 gene. Although the N-terminus are identical for all IRF9s, the C-terminal regions of the PS-IRF9 are completely different from canonical IRF9. In humans, two PS-IRF9s are identified and their RNA transcripts were detected in human primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In addition, human PS-IRF9 proteins were detected in human cell lines. Sharing the N-terminal exons with the canonical IRF9 proteins, PS-IRF9 is predicted to bind to the same DNA sequences as the canonical IRF9 proteins. As the C-terminal regions of IRFs are the determinants of IRF functions, PS-IRF9 may offer unique biological functions and represent a novel signaling molecule involved in the regulation of the IFN pathway in a primate-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Drury
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNebraskaUSA
| | - Grace Claussen
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNebraskaUSA
| | - Allison Zetterman
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNebraskaUSA
| | - Hideaki Moriyama
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNebraskaUSA
| | - Etsuko N. Moriyama
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNebraskaUSA
- Center for Plant Science InnovationUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNebraskaUSA
| | - Luwen Zhang
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNebraskaUSA
- Nebraska Center for VirologyUniversity of NebraskaLincolnNebraskaUSA
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26
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Kavanagh K, Bashore AC, Davis MA, Jorgensen MJ, McClouth CJ, Beavers DA, Parks JS. Early time-restricted feeding improves high-density lipoprotein amount and function in nonhuman primates, without effects on body composition. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31 Suppl 1:75-84. [PMID: 36229981 PMCID: PMC9877107 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Time-restricted feeding (TRF), whereby caloric intake is limited to a <12-hour window, is a potential regimen to ameliorate metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk co-occurring with aging and with obesity. Early TRF (eTRF; early morning feeding followed by overnight fasting) times calorie consumption with hepatic circadian gene expression rhythms. Brief TRF trials demonstrate that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol increases similar to diet/exercise interventions, which may impart beneficial CVD effects. Using a nonhuman primate (NHP) model, the efficacy of eTRF to raise HDL and increase plasma cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) (primarily mediated by cholesterol efflux to HDL particles, a process that is inversely associated with CVD risk) was examined. METHODS Adult (8-16 years old, n = 25) and geriatric (≥17 years old) NHPs were randomized to ad libitum feeding or eTRF for 12 months, and relevant body composition, glycemic control, and plasma HDL cholesterol levels and CEC were measured. RESULTS Impaired CEC was found in geriatric NHPs. eTRF induced larger-sized HDL particles, increased HDL apolipoprotein A-1 content, lowered triglyceride concentrations, and increased plasma CEC (primarily to HDL particles) in both adult and geriatric NHPs without changes in glycemic control or body composition. CONCLUSIONS A beneficial effect of eTRF on increasing HDL CEC in NHPs was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Kavanagh
- Department of PathologyWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
- College of Health and MedicineUniversity of TasmaniaHobartAustralia
- Department of Internal Medicine‐Section on Molecular MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Alexander C. Bashore
- Department of Internal Medicine‐Section on Molecular MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Matthew A. Davis
- Department of Internal Medicine‐Section on Molecular MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Matthew J. Jorgensen
- Department of PathologyWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Christopher J. McClouth
- Department of Public Health SciencesWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Daniel A. Beavers
- Department of Public Health SciencesWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - John S. Parks
- Department of Internal Medicine‐Section on Molecular MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
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27
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Sawant-Basak A, Chen L, Lockwood P, Boyden T, Doran AC, Mancuso J, Zasadny K, McCarthy T, Morris ED, Carson RE, Esterlis I, Huang Y, Nabulsi N, Planeta B, Fullerton T. Investigating CNS distribution of PF-05212377, a P-glycoprotein substrate, by translation of 5-HT 6 receptor occupancy from non-human primates to humans. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2023; 44:48-59. [PMID: 36825693 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
PF-05212377 (SAM760) is a potent and selective 5-HT6 antagonist, previously under development for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In vitro, PF-05212377 was determined to be a P-gp/non-BCRP human transporter substrate. Species differences were observed in the in vivo brain penetration of PF-05212377 with a ratio of the unbound concentration in brain/unbound concentration in plasma (Cbu /Cpu ) of 0.05 in rat and 0.64 in non-human primates (NHP). Based on pre-clinical evidence, brain penetration and target engagement of PF-05212377 was confirmed in NHP using positron emission tomography (PET) measured 5-HT6 receptor occupancy (%RO). The NHP Cpu EC50 of PF-05212377 was 0.31 nM (consistent with the in vitro human 5HT6 Ki : 0.32 nM). P-gp has been reported to be expressed in higher abundance at the rat BBB and in similar abundance at the BBB of non-human primates and human; brain penetration of PF-05212377 in humans was postulated to be similar to that in non-human primates. In humans, PF-05212377 demonstrated dose and concentration dependent increases in 5-HT6 RO; maximal 5-HT6 RO of ∼80% was measured in humans at doses of ≥15 mg with an estimated unbound plasma EC50 of 0.37 nM (which was similar to the in vitro human 5HT6 binding Ki 0.32 nM). In conclusion, cumulative evidence from NHP and human PET RO assessments confirmed that NHP is more appropriate than the rat for the prediction of human brain penetration of PF-05212377, a P-gp/non-BCRP substrate. Clinical trial number: NCT01258751.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti Sawant-Basak
- Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Laigao Chen
- Digital Sciences and Translational Imaging, Early Clinical Development, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter Lockwood
- Clinical Pharmacology, Early Clinical Development, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tracey Boyden
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Medicine Design, Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Angela C Doran
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism, Medicine Design, Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jessica Mancuso
- Biostatistics, Early Clinical Development, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kenneth Zasadny
- Digital Sciences and Translational Imaging, Early Clinical Development, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Timothy McCarthy
- Digital Sciences and Translational Imaging, Early Clinical Development, Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Evan D Morris
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Irina Esterlis
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Beata Planeta
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Terence Fullerton
- Internal Medicine, Global Product Development, Pfizer Inc, Groton, CT, USA
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28
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Yoo CH, Chen Z, Rani N, Chen J, Rong J, Chen L, Zhang L, Liang SH, Wey HY. Evaluation of [ 18F]PF-06455943 as a Potential LRRK2 PET Imaging Agent in the Brain of Nonhuman Primates. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:370-377. [PMID: 36630128 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene are the common causes of inherited Parkinson's disease (PD) and emerged as a causative PD gene. Particularly, LRRK2-Gly2019Ser mutation was reported to alter the early phase of neuronal differentiation, increasing cell death. Selective inhibitors of LRRK2 kinase activity were considered as a promising therapeutic target for PD treatment. However, the development of effective brain-penetrant LRRK2 inhibitors remains challenging. Recently, we have developed a novel positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand for LRRK2 imaging and demonstrated preferable tracer properties in rodents. Herein, we evaluate [18F]PF-06455943 quantification methods in the nonhuman primate (NHP) brain using full kinetic modeling with radiometabolite-corrected arterial blood samples, and homologous blocking with two doses (0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg). Kinetic analysis results demonstrated that a two-tissue compartmental model and a Logan graphical analysis are appropriate for [18F]PF-06455943 PET quantification. In addition, we observed that total distribution volume (VT) values can be reliably estimated with as short as a 30 min scan duration. Homologous blocking studies confirmed the specific binding of [18F]PF-06455943 and revealed that the nonradioactive mass of PF-06455943 achieved 45-55% of VT displacement in the whole brain. This work supports the translation of [18F]PF-06455943 PET imaging for the human brain and target occupancy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hyeon Yoo
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Zhen Chen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Center for Advanced Medical Imaging Sciences, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Nisha Rani
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Center for Advanced Medical Imaging Sciences, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Jian Rong
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Center for Advanced Medical Imaging Sciences, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Laigao Chen
- Digital Medicine & Translational Imaging, Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Lei Zhang
- Medicine Design, Internal Medicine Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Steven H Liang
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Center for Advanced Medical Imaging Sciences, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Hsiao-Ying Wey
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
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29
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Williams AG, Long M, Kavanagh K. Brief Communication: Histological Assessment of Nonhuman Primate Brown Adipose Tissue Highlights the Importance of Sympathetic Innervation. J Obes 2023; 2023:5651084. [PMID: 36714241 PMCID: PMC9879676 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5651084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to functionally analyze the correlation of key histological features in brown adipose tissue (BAT) with clinical metabolic traits in nonhuman primates. METHODS Axillary adipose tissue biopsies were collected from a metabolically diverse nonhuman primate cohort with clinical metabolism-related data. Expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 (COX IV), beta-3 adrenergic receptor (β3-AR), and adipose cell size were quantified by immunohistochemical analysis. Computed tomography scans were performed to assess body composition. RESULTS Tyrosine hydroxylase was negatively correlated with whole body fat mass as a percentage of body weight (p = 0.004) and was positively correlated with the density of UCP1 (p = 0.02), COX IV (p = 0.006), CD31 (p = 0.007), and cell density (p = 0.02) of the BAT samples. Beta-3 adrenergic receptor abundance had a weak positive correlation with COX IV (p = 0.04) in BAT but did not significantly correlate to UCP1 or TH expression in BAT. CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight that there is a disparity in innervation provided to BAT based on body composition, as seen with the negative association between TH, a marker for innervation, and adiposity. These findings also support the importance of innervation in the functionality of BAT, as TH abundance not only supports leaner body composition but is also positively correlated with known structural elements in BAT (UCP1, COX IV, CD31, and cell density). Based on our observations, β3-AR abundance does not strongly drive these structural elements or TH, all of which are known to be important in the function of brown adipose tissue. In effect, while the role of other receptors, such as β2-AR, should be reviewed in BAT function, these results support the development of safe sympathetic nervous system stimulants to activate brown adipose tissue for obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail G. Williams
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Masha Long
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Kylie Kavanagh
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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30
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Grimm HP, Schumacher V, Schäfer M, Imhof-Jung S, Freskgård PO, Brady K, Hofmann C, Rüger P, Schlothauer T, Göpfert U, Hartl M, Rottach S, Zwick A, Seger S, Neff R, Niewoehner J, Janssen N. Delivery of the Brainshuttle™ amyloid-beta antibody fusion trontinemab to non-human primate brain and projected efficacious dose regimens in humans. MAbs 2023; 15:2261509. [PMID: 37823690 PMCID: PMC10572082 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2023.2261509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
There are few treatments that slow neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and while therapeutic antibodies are being investigated in clinical trials for AD treatment, their access to the central nervous system is restricted by the blood-brain barrier. This study investigates a bispecific modular fusion protein composed of gantenerumab, a fully human monoclonal anti- amyloid-beta (Aβ) antibody under investigation for AD treatment, with a human transferrin receptor 1-directed Brainshuttle™ module (trontinemab; RG6102, INN trontinemab). In vitro, trontinemab showed a similar binding affinity to fibrillar Aβ40 and Aβ plaques in human AD brain sections to gantenerumab. A single intravenous administration of trontinemab (10 mg/kg) or gantenerumab (20 mg/kg) to non-human primates (NHPs, Macaca fascicularis), was well tolerated in both groups. Immunohistochemistry indicated increased trontinemab uptake into the brain endothelial cell layer and parenchyma, and more homogeneous distribution, compared with gantenerumab. Brain and plasma pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters for trontinemab were estimated by nonlinear mixed-effects modeling with correction for tissue residual blood, indicating a 4-18-fold increase in brain exposure. A previously developed clinical PK/pharmacodynamic model of gantenerumab was adapted to include a brain compartment as a driver of plaque removal and linked to the allometrically scaled above model from NHP. The new brain exposure-based model was used to predict trontinemab dosing regimens for effective amyloid reduction. Simulations from these models were used to inform dosing of trontinemab in the first-in-human clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Peter Grimm
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Schumacher
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Schäfer
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Imhof-Jung
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Per-Ola Freskgård
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Brady
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Hofmann
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Petra Rüger
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tilman Schlothauer
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich Göpfert
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Hartl
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sylvia Rottach
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Zwick
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Shanon Seger
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Neff
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Niewoehner
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Large Molecule Research, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Niels Janssen
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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31
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Rao RB, Lubach GR, Ennis-Czerniak KM, Lock EF, Kling PJ, Georgieff MK, Coe CL. Reticulocyte Hemoglobin Equivalent has Comparable Predictive Accuracy as Conventional Serum Iron Indices for Predicting Iron Deficiency and Anemia in a Nonhuman Primate model of Infantile Iron Deficiency. J Nutr 2023; 153:148-157. [PMID: 36913448 PMCID: PMC10196609 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infantile iron deficiency (ID) causes anemia and compromises neurodevelopment. Current screening relies on hemoglobin (Hgb) determination at 1 year of age, which lacks sensitivity and specificity for timely detection of infantile ID. Low reticulocyte Hgb equivalent (RET-He) indicates ID, but its predictive accuracy relative to conventional serum iron indices is unknown. OBJECTIVES The objective was to compare diagnostic accuracies of iron indices, red blood cell (RBC) indices, and RET-He for predicting the risk of ID and IDA in a nonhuman primate model of infantile ID. METHODS Serum iron, total iron binding capacity, unsaturated iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation (TSAT), Hgb, RET-He, and other RBC indices were determined at 2 wk and 2, 4, and 6 mo in breastfed male and female rhesus infants (N = 54). The diagnostic accuracies of RET-He, iron, and RBC indices for predicting the development of ID (TSAT < 20%) and IDA (Hgb < 10 g/dL + TSAT < 20%) were determined using t tests, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis, and multiple regression models. RESULTS Twenty-three (42.6%) infants developed ID and 16 (29.6%) progressed to IDA. All 4 iron indices and RET-He, but not Hgb or RBC indices, predicted future risk of ID and IDA (P < 0.001). The predictive accuracy of RET-He (AUC = 0.78, SE = 0.07; P = 0.003) for IDA was comparable to that of the iron indices (AUC = 0.77-0.83, SE = 0.07; P ≤ 0.002). A RET-He threshold of 25.5 pg strongly correlated with TSAT < 20% and correctly predicted IDA in 10 of 16 infants (sensitivity: 62.5%) and falsely predicted possibility of IDA in only 4 of 38 unaffected infants (specificity: 89.5%). CONCLUSIONS RET-He is a biomarker of impending ID/IDA in rhesus infants and can be used as a hematological parameter to screen for infantile ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghavendra B Rao
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Gabriele R Lubach
- Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Eric F Lock
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Pamela J Kling
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michael K Georgieff
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christopher L Coe
- Harlow Center for Biological Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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32
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Brand SE, Scharlau M, Geren L, Hendrix M, Parson C, Elmendorf T, Neel E, Pianalto K, Silva-Nash J, Durham B, Millett F. Accelerated Evolution of Cytochrome c in Higher Primates, and Regulation of the Reaction between Cytochrome c and Cytochrome Oxidase by Phosphorylation. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244014. [PMID: 36552779 PMCID: PMC9777161 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome c (Cc) underwent accelerated evolution from the stem of the anthropoid primates to humans. Of the 11 amino acid changes that occurred from horse Cc to human Cc, five were at Cc residues near the binding site of the Cc:CcO complex. Single-point mutants of horse and human Cc were made at each of these positions. The Cc:CcO dissociation constant KD of the horse mutants decreased in the order: T89E > native horse Cc > V11I Cc > Q12M > D50A > A83V > native human. The largest effect was observed for the mutants at residue 50, where the horse Cc D50A mutant decreased KD from 28.4 to 11.8 μM, and the human Cc A50D increased KD from 4.7 to 15.7 μM. To investigate the role of Cc phosphorylation in regulating the reaction with CcO, phosphomimetic human Cc mutants were prepared. The Cc T28E, S47E, and Y48E mutants increased the dissociation rate constant kd, decreased the formation rate constant kf, and increased the equilibrium dissociation constant KD of the Cc:CcO complex. These studies indicate that phosphorylation of these residues plays an important role in regulating mitochondrial electron transport and membrane potential ΔΨ.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martha Scharlau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Lois Geren
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Marissa Hendrix
- Independent Researcher, P.O. Box 603, Dardanelle, AR 72834, USA
| | - Clayre Parson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Tyler Elmendorf
- School of Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, 2060 W 39th Ave, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Earl Neel
- Tulsa Bone and Joint Associates, Tulsa, OK 74146, USA
| | - Kaila Pianalto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | | | - Bill Durham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Francis Millett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
- Correspondence:
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33
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Mizuno Y, Katayama K, Imai H, Kandori H. Early Proton Transfer Reaction in a Primate Blue-Sensitive Visual Pigment. Biochemistry 2022; 61:2698-2708. [PMID: 36399519 PMCID: PMC9730847 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The proton transfer reaction belongs to one of the key triggers for the functional expression of membrane proteins. Rod and cone opsins are light-sensitive G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that undergo the cis-trans isomerization of the retinal chromophore in response to light. The isomerization event initiates a conformational change in the opsin protein moiety, which propagates the downstream effector signaling. The final step of receptor activation is the deprotonation of the retinal Schiff base, a proton transfer reaction which has been believed to be identical among the cone opsins. Here, we report an unexpected proton transfer reaction occurring in the early photoreaction process of primate blue-sensitive pigment (MB). By using low-temperature UV-visible spectroscopy, we found that the Lumi intermediate of MB formed in transition from the BL intermediate shows an absorption maximum in the UV region, indicating the deprotonation of the retinal Schiff base. Comparison of the light-induced difference FTIR spectra of Batho, BL, and Lumi showed significant α-helical backbone C=O stretching and protonated carboxylate C=O stretching vibrations only in the Lumi intermediate. The transition from BL to Lumi thus involves dramatic changes in protein environment with a proton transfer reaction between the Schiff base and the counterion resulting in an absorption maximum in the UV region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Mizuno
- Department
of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya
Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Kota Katayama
- Department
of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya
Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
- OptoBioTechnology
Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan
Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroo Imai
- Center
for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Inuyama 484-8506, Japan
| | - Hideki Kandori
- Department
of Life Science and Applied Chemistry, Nagoya
Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
- OptoBioTechnology
Research Center, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
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Spahr ZR, Economides JR, Horton JC. Retinal Input to the Primate Lateral Geniculate Nucleus Revealed by Injection of a Different Label Into Each Eye. J Neuroophthalmol 2022; 42:e596-e597. [PMID: 35483072 PMCID: PMC9642088 DOI: 10.1097/wno.0000000000001472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The primate lateral geniculate nucleus has long been a favorite structure among anatomists because of its striking lamination. It has been shown that each lamina receives input from a different eye using various single label techniques but never by double labeling. Here, we illustrate the organization of retinal inputs to the lateral geniculate nucleus by injection of cholera toxin-B conjugated to Alexa Fluor-488 into the right eye and cholera toxin-B conjugated to Alexa Fluor-594 into the left eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary R. Spahr
- College of Medicine State University of New York, Upstate Medical University Syracuse, New York 13210
| | - John R. Economides
- Program in Neuroscience Department of Ophthalmology University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
| | - Jonathan C. Horton
- Program in Neuroscience Department of Ophthalmology University of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA 94143 USA
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35
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Damuka N, Bashetti N, Mintz A, Bansode AH, Miller M, Krizan I, Furdui C, Bhoopal B, Gollapelli KK, Shanmukha Kumar JV, Deep G, Dugan G, Cline M, Solingapuram Sai KK. [ 18F]KS1, a novel ascorbate-based ligand images ROS in tumor models of rodents and nonhuman primates. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113937. [PMID: 36411624 PMCID: PMC11017304 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by altered redox regulation of signaling pathways is common in many types of cancers. While PET imaging is recognized as the standard tool for cancer imaging, there are no clinically-approved PET radiotracers for ROS-imaging in cancer diagnosis and treatment. An ascorbate-based radio ligand promises to meet this urgent need. Our laboratory recently synthesized [18F] KS1, a fluoroethoxy furanose ring-containing ascorbate derivative, to track ROS in prostate tumor-bearing mice. Here we report cell uptake assays of [18F]KS1 with different ROS-regulating agents, PET imaging in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) mice, and doxorubicin-induced rats; PET imaging in healthy and irradiated hepatic tumor-bearing rhesus to demonstrate its translational potential. Our preliminary evaluations demonstrated that KS1 do not generate ROS in tumor cells at tracer-level concentrations and tumor-killing properties at pharmacologic doses. [18F]KS1 uptake was low in HNSCC pretreated with ROS blockers, and high with ROS inducers. Tumors in high ROS-expressing SCC-61 took up significantly more [18F]KS1 than rSCC-61 (low-ROS expressing HNSCC); high uptake in doxorubicin-treated rats compared to saline-treated controls. Rodent biodistribution and PET imaging of [18F]KS1 in healthy rhesus monkeys demonstrated its favorable safety, pharmacokinetic properties with excellent washout profile, within 3.0 h of radiotracer administration. High uptake of [18F]KS1 in liver tumor tissues of the irradiated hepatic tumor-bearing monkey showed target selectivity. Our strong data in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo here supports the high translational utility of [18F]KS1 to image ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Damuka
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Nagaraju Bashetti
- Department of Chemistry, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Akiva Mintz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Avinash H Bansode
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Mack Miller
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Ivan Krizan
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Cristina Furdui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Bhuvanachandra Bhoopal
- Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | | | - J V Shanmukha Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Gagan Deep
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Greg Dugan
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Mark Cline
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
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36
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Rottenberg H. The accelerated evolution of human cytochrome c oxidase - Selection for reduced rate and proton pumping efficiency? Biochim Biophys Acta Bioenerg 2022; 1863:148595. [PMID: 35850262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The cytochrome c oxidase complex, complex VI (CIV), catalyzes the terminal step of the mitochondrial electron transport chain where the reduction of oxygen to water by cytochrome c is coupled to the generation of a protonmotive force that drive the synthesis of ATP. CIV evolution was greatly accelerated in humans and other anthropoid primates and appears to be driven by adaptive selection. However, it is not known if there are significant functional differences between the anthropoid primates CIV, and other mammals. Comparison of the high-resolution structures of bovine CIV, mouse CIV and human CIV shows structural differences that are associated with anthropoid-specific substitutions. Here I examine the possible effects of these substitutions in four CIV peptides that are known to affect proton pumping: the mtDNA-coded subunits I, II and III, and the nuclear-encoded subunit VIa2. I conclude that many of the anthropoid-specific substitutions could be expected to modulate the rate and/or the efficiency of proton pumping. These results are compatible with the previously proposed hypothesis that the accelerated evolution of CIV in anthropoid primates is driven by selection pressure to lower the mitochondrial protonmotive force and thus decrease the rate of superoxide generation by mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagai Rottenberg
- New Hope Biomedical R&D, 23 W. Bridge Street, New Hope, PA 18938, USA.
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Talukdar P, Junecko BF, Lane DS, Maiello P, Mattila JT. Macrophages and neutrophils express IFNλs in granulomas from Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected nonhuman primates. Front Immunol 2022; 13:985405. [PMID: 36189279 PMCID: PMC9516334 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.985405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulomas are the hallmark of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. Cytokine-mediated signaling can modulate immune function; thus, understanding the cytokine milieu in granulomas is critical for understanding immunity in tuberculosis (TB). Interferons (IFNs) are important immune mediators in TB, and while type 1 and 2 IFNs have been extensively studied, less is known about type 3 IFNs (IFNλs) in TB. To determine if IFNλs are expressed in granulomas, which cells express them, and how granuloma microenvironments influence IFNλ expression, we investigated IFNλ1 and IFNλ4 expression in macaque lung granulomas. We identified IFNλ expression in granulomas, and IFNλ levels negatively correlated with bacteria load. Macrophages and neutrophils expressed IFNλ1 and IFNλ4, with neutrophils expressing higher levels of each protein. IFNλ expression varied in different granuloma microenvironments, with lymphocyte cuff macrophages expressing more IFNλ1 than epithelioid macrophages. IFNλ1 and IFNλ4 differed in their subcellular localization, with IFNλ4 predominantly localizing inside macrophage nuclei. IFNλR1 was also expressed in granulomas, with intranuclear localization in some cells. Further investigation demonstrated that IFNλ signaling is driven in part by TLR2 ligation and was accompanied by nuclear translocation of IFNλR1. Our data indicate that IFNλs are part of the granuloma cytokine milieu that may influence myeloid cell function and immunity in TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Talukdar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Beth F. Junecko
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Daniel S. Lane
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Pauline Maiello
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Joshua T. Mattila
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Center for Vaccine Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- *Correspondence: Joshua T. Mattila,
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38
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Wakeman DR, Weed MR, Perez SE, Cline EN, Viola KL, Wilcox KC, Moddrelle DS, Nisbett EZ, Kurian AM, Bell AF, Pike R, Jacobson PB, Klein WL, Mufson EJ, Lawrence MS, Elsworth JD. Intrathecal amyloid-beta oligomer administration increases tau phosphorylation in the medial temporal lobe in the African green monkey: A nonhuman primate model of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2022; 48:e12800. [PMID: 35156715 PMCID: PMC10902791 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS An obstacle to developing new treatment strategies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been the inadequate translation of findings in current AD transgenic rodent models to the prediction of clinical outcomes. By contrast, nonhuman primates (NHPs) share a close neurobiology with humans in virtually all aspects relevant to developing a translational AD model. The present investigation used African green monkeys (AGMs) to refine an inducible NHP model of AD based on the administration of amyloid-beta oligomers (AβOs), a key upstream initiator of AD pathology. METHODS AβOs or vehicle were repeatedly delivered over 4 weeks to age-matched young adult AGMs by intracerebroventricular (ICV) or intrathecal (IT) injections. Induction of AD-like pathology was assessed in subregions of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) by quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) using the AT8 antibody to detect hyperphosphorylated tau. Hippocampal volume was measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans prior to, and after, intrathecal injections. RESULTS IT administration of AβOs in young adult AGMs revealed an elevation of tau phosphorylation in the MTL cortical memory circuit compared with controls. The largest increases were detected in the entorhinal cortex that persisted for at least 12 weeks after dosing. MRI scans showed a reduction in hippocampal volume following AβO injections. CONCLUSIONS Repeated IT delivery of AβOs in young adult AGMs led to an accelerated AD-like neuropathology in MTL, similar to human AD, supporting the value of this translational model to de-risk the clinical trial of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sylvia E Perez
- Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Erika N Cline
- Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Kirsten L Viola
- Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Kyle C Wilcox
- Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - David S Moddrelle
- Virscio Inc., St. Kitts Biomedical Research Foundation, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - Ernell Z Nisbett
- Virscio Inc., St. Kitts Biomedical Research Foundation, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | | | - Amanda F Bell
- Virscio Inc., St. Kitts Biomedical Research Foundation, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | - Ricaldo Pike
- Virscio Inc., St. Kitts Biomedical Research Foundation, St. Kitts, West Indies
| | | | - William L Klein
- Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Elliott J Mufson
- Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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Kiguchi N, Ding H, Park SH, Mabry KM, Kishioka S, Shiozawa Y, Alfonso Romero-Sandoval E, Peters CM, Ko MC. Functional roles of neuromedin B and gastrin-releasing peptide in regulating itch and pain in the spinal cord of non-human primates. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 198:114972. [PMID: 35189108 PMCID: PMC10980179 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite accumulating evidence in rodents, the functional role of neuromedin B (NMB) in regulating somatosensory systems in primate spinal cord is unknown. We aimed to compare the expression patterns of NMB and its receptor (NMBR) and the behavioral effects of intrathecal (i.t.) NMB with gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) on itch or pain in non-human primates (NHPs). We used six adult rhesus monkeys. The mRNA or protein expressions of NMB, GRP, and their receptors were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, or in situ hybridization. We determined the behavioral effects of NMB or GRP via acute thermal nociception, capsaicin-induced thermal allodynia, and itch scratching response assays. NMB expression levels were greater than those of GRP in the dorsal root ganglia and spinal dorsal horn. Conversely, NMBR expression was significantly lower than GRP receptor (GRPR). I.t. NMB elicited only mild scratching responses, whereas GRP caused robust scratching responses. GRP- and NMB-elicited scratching responses were attenuated by GRPR (RC-3095) and NMBR (PD168368) antagonists, respectively. Moreover, i.t. NMB and GRP did not induce thermal hypersensitivity and GRPR and NMBR antagonists did not affect peripherally elicited thermal allodynia. Consistently, NMBR expression was low in both itch- and pain-responsive neurons in the spinal dorsal horn. Spinal NMB-NMBR system plays a minimal functional role in the neurotransmission of itch and pain in primates. Unlike the functional significance of the GRP-GRPR system in itch, drugs targeting the spinal NMB-NMBR system may not effectively alleviate non-NMBR-mediated itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norikazu Kiguchi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama City, Wakayama 640-8156, Japan.
| | - Huiping Ding
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Sun H Park
- Department of Cancer Biology and Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Kelsey M Mabry
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Shiroh Kishioka
- Faculty of Wakayama Health Care Sciences, Takarazuka University of Medical and Health Care, Wakayama City, Wakayama 640-8392, Japan
| | - Yusuke Shiozawa
- Department of Cancer Biology and Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | | | - Christopher M Peters
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Mei-Chuan Ko
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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40
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Zaremska V, Fischer IM, Renzone G, Arena S, Scaloni A, Knoll W, Pelosi P. Reverse Chemical Ecology Suggests Putative Primate Pheromones. Mol Biol Evol 2022; 39:msab338. [PMID: 34897488 PMCID: PMC8789041 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pheromonal communication is widespread among living organisms, but in apes and particularly in humans there is currently no strong evidence for such phenomenon. Among primates, lemurs use pheromones to communicate within members of the same species, whereas in some monkeys such capabilities seem to be lost. Chemical communication in humans appears to be impaired by the lack or malfunctioning of biochemical tools and anatomical structures mediating detection of pheromones. Here, we report on a pheromone-carrier protein (SAL) adopting a "reverse chemical ecology" approach to get insights on the structures of potential pheromones in a representative species of lemurs (Microcebus murinus) known to use pheromones, Old-World monkeys (Cercocebus atys) for which chemical communication has been observed, and humans (Homo sapiens), where pheromones and chemical communication are still questioned. We have expressed the SAL orthologous proteins of these primate species, after reconstructing the gene encoding the human SAL, which is disrupted due to a single base mutation preventing its translation into RNA. Ligand-binding experiments with the recombinant SALs revealed macrocyclic ketones and lactones as the best ligands for all three proteins, suggesting cyclopentadecanone, pentadecanolide, and closely related compounds as the best candidates for potential pheromones. Such hypothesis agrees with the presence of a chemical very similar to hexadecanolide in the gland secretions of Mandrillus sphinx, a species closely related to C. atys. Our results indicate that the function of this carrier protein has not changed much during evolution from lemurs to humans, although its physiological role has been certainly impaired in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriia Zaremska
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Biosensor Technologies, Tulln, Austria
| | | | - Giovanni Renzone
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Napoli, Italy
| | - Simona Arena
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Napoli, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, National Research Council, Napoli, Italy
| | - Wolfgang Knoll
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Biosensor Technologies, Tulln, Austria
- Department of Physics and Chemistry of Materials, Faculty of Medicine/Dental Medicine, Danube Private University, Krems, Austria
| | - Paolo Pelosi
- Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Biosensor Technologies, Tulln, Austria
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Jaskiw GE, Xu D, Obrenovich ME, Donskey CJ. Small phenolic and indolic gut-dependent molecules in the primate central nervous system: levels vs. bioactivity. Metabolomics 2022; 18:8. [PMID: 34989922 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01866-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A rapidly growing body of data documents associations between disease of the brain and small molecules generated by gut-microbiota (GMB). While such metabolites can affect brain function through a variety of mechanisms, the most direct action would be on the central nervous system (CNS) itself. OBJECTIVE Identify indolic and phenolic GMB-dependent small molecules that reach bioactive concentrations in primate CNS. METHODS We conducted a PubMed search for metabolomic studies of the primate CNS [brain tissue or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)] and then selected for phenolic or indolic metabolites that (i) had been quantified, (ii) were GMB-dependent. For each chemical we then conducted a search for studies of bioactivity conducted in vitro in human cells of any kind or in CNS cells from the mouse or rat. RESULTS 36 metabolites of interests were identified in primate CNS through targeted metabolomics. Quantification was available for 31/36 and in vitro bioactivity for 23/36. The reported CNS range for 8 metabolites 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid, (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid [caffeic acid], 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-acetamido-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid [N-acetyltryptophan], 1H-indol-3-yl hydrogen sulfate [indoxyl-3-sulfate] overlapped with a bioactive concentration. However, the number and quality of relevant studies of CNS neurochemistry as well as of bioactivity were highly limited. Structural isomers, multiple metabolites and potential confounders were inadequately considered. CONCLUSION The potential direct bioactivity of GMB-derived indolic and phenolic molecules on primate CNS remains largely unknown. The field requires additional strategies to identify and prioritize screening of the most promising small molecules that enter the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Jaskiw
- Psychiatry Service 116(A), Veterans Affairs Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (VANEOHS), 10701 East Blvd., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Dongyan Xu
- Psychiatry Service 116(A), Veterans Affairs Northeast Ohio Healthcare System (VANEOHS), 10701 East Blvd., Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mark E Obrenovich
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Service, VANEOHS, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Research Service, VANEOHS, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Curtis J Donskey
- School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), VANEOHS, Cleveland, OH, USA
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42
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Freeman SM. Using Receptor Autoradiography to Visualize and Quantify Oxytocin and Vasopressin 1a Receptors in the Human and Nonhuman Primate Brain. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2384:105-125. [PMID: 34550571 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1759-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite its development almost 40 years ago, receptor autoradiography remains a regular and reliable practice for the localization of oxytocin and vasopressin receptors in brain tissue sections. It is used across many laboratories, institutions, and animal species to characterize and quantify the distribution and density of these receptors at baseline and/or in response to experimental manipulations or lived experience. This powerful tool and the neuroanatomical receptor maps that it generates have allowed researchers to more accurately investigate and understand the neural substrates upon which oxytocin and vasopressin act to affect behavior. Researchers have used these maps to design site-specific pharmacological manipulations and electrophysiological recordings in animal studies to directly probe the underlying neural mechanisms in this system. This methods chapter describes the specific procedures by which a pharmacologically optimized, competitive binding modification to receptor autoradiography can be used to reliably localize oxytocin and vasopressin receptors in the human brain and in the brains of nonhuman primates. The ability to reliably perform receptor autoradiography for these targets in human brain tissue can finally inform our interpretation of past intranasal oxytocin neuroimaging studies and allows us to move past the reliance on transcriptomic studies using brain tissue homogenates so that we can directly investigate the involvement of oxytocin and vasopressin receptors in human behavior, physiology, and neuropsychiatric disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Freeman
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
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43
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Yu J, Huang W, Liu T, Defnet AE, Zalesak-Kravec S, Farese AM, MacVittie TJ, Kane MA. Effect of Radiation on the Essential Nutrient Homeostasis and Signaling of Retinoids in a Non-human Primate Model with Minimal Bone Marrow Sparing. Health Phys 2021; 121:406-418. [PMID: 34546221 PMCID: PMC8549574 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0000000000001477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT High-dose radiation exposure results in hematopoietic (H) and gastrointestinal (GI) acute radiation syndromes (ARS) followed by delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE), which include damage to lung, heart, and GI. Whereas DEARE includes inflammation and fibrosis in multiple tissues, the molecular mechanisms contributing to inflammation and to the development of fibrosis remain incompletely understood. Reports that radiation dysregulates retinoids and proteins within the retinoid pathway indicate that radiation disrupts essential nutrient homeostasis. An active metabolite of vitamin A, retinoic acid (RA), is a master regulator of cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis roles in inflammatory signaling and the development of fibrosis. As facets of inflammation and fibrosis are regulated by RA, we surveyed radiation-induced changes in retinoids as well as proteins related to and targets of the retinoid pathway in the non-human primate after high dose radiation with minimal bone marrow sparing (12 Gy PBI/BM2.5). Retinoic acid was decreased in plasma as well as in lung, heart, and jejunum over time, indicating a global disruption of RA homeostasis after IR. A number of proteins associated with fibrosis and with RA were significantly altered after radiation. Together these data indicate that a local deficiency of endogenous RA presents a permissive environment for fibrotic transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshi Yu
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical, Sciences, Baltimore, MD
| | - Weiliang Huang
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical, Sciences, Baltimore, MD
| | - Tian Liu
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical, Sciences, Baltimore, MD
| | - Amy E. Defnet
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical, Sciences, Baltimore, MD
| | - Stephanie Zalesak-Kravec
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical, Sciences, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ann M. Farese
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD
| | - Thomas J. MacVittie
- University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Baltimore, MD
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical, Sciences, Baltimore, MD
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44
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Abstract
Many primate genes produce circular RNAs (circRNAs). However, the extent of circRNA conservation between closely related species remains unclear. By comparing tissue-specific transcriptomes across over 70 million years of primate evolution, we identify that within 3 million years circRNA expression profiles diverged such that they are more related to species identity than organ type. However, our analysis also revealed a subset of circRNAs with conserved neural expression across tens of millions of years of evolution. By comparing to species-specific circRNAs, we identified that the downstream intron of the conserved circRNAs display a dramatic lengthening during evolution due to the insertion of novel retrotransposons. Our work provides comparative analyses of the mechanisms promoting circRNAs to generate increased transcriptomic complexity in primates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Santos-Rodriguez
- EMBL Australia, Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchDarlinghurstAustralia
- St. Vincent Clinical School, University of New South WalesDarlinghurstAustralia
| | - Irina Voineagu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South WalesSydneyAustralia
| | - Robert J Weatheritt
- EMBL Australia, Garvan Institute of Medical ResearchDarlinghurstAustralia
- St. Vincent Clinical School, University of New South WalesDarlinghurstAustralia
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45
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Singh S, Bastos-Amador P, Thompson JA, Truglio M, Yilmaz B, Cardoso S, Sobral D, Soares MP. Glycan-based shaping of the microbiota during primate evolution. eLife 2021; 10:e67450. [PMID: 34009123 PMCID: PMC8133779 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes encoding glycosyltransferases can be under relatively high selection pressure, likely due to the involvement of the glycans synthesized in host-microbe interactions. Here, we used mice as an experimental model system to investigate whether loss of α-1,3-galactosyltransferase gene (GGTA1) function and Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-R (αGal) glycan expression affects host-microbiota interactions, as might have occurred during primate evolution. We found that Ggta1 deletion shaped the composition of the gut microbiota. This occurred via an immunoglobulin (Ig)-dependent mechanism, associated with targeting of αGal-expressing bacteria by IgA. Systemic infection with an Ig-shaped microbiota inoculum elicited a less severe form of sepsis compared to infection with non-Ig-shaped microbiota. This suggests that in the absence of host αGal, antibodies can shape the microbiota towards lower pathogenicity. Given the fitness cost imposed by bacterial sepsis, we infer that the observed reduction in microbiota pathogenicity upon Ggta1 deletion in mice may have contributed to increase the frequency of GGTA1 loss-of-function mutations in ancestral primates that gave rise to humans.
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46
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Jafar-nejad P, Powers B, Soriano A, Zhao H, Norris DA, Matson J, DeBrosse-Serra B, Watson J, Narayanan P, Chun S, Mazur C, Kordasiewicz H, Swayze EE, Rigo F. The atlas of RNase H antisense oligonucleotide distribution and activity in the CNS of rodents and non-human primates following central administration. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:657-673. [PMID: 33367834 PMCID: PMC7826274 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) have emerged as a new class of drugs to treat a wide range of diseases, including neurological indications. Spinraza, an ASO that modulates splicing of SMN2 RNA, has shown profound disease modifying effects in Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) patients, energizing efforts to develop ASOs for other neurological diseases. While SMA specifically affects spinal motor neurons, other neurological diseases affect different central nervous system (CNS) regions, neuronal and non-neuronal cells. Therefore, it is important to characterize ASO distribution and activity in all major CNS structures and cell types to have a better understanding of which neurological diseases are amenable to ASO therapy. Here we present for the first time the atlas of ASO distribution and activity in the CNS of mice, rats, and non-human primates (NHP), species commonly used in preclinical therapeutic development. Following central administration of an ASO to rodents, we observe widespread distribution and target RNA reduction throughout the CNS in neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia. This is also the case in NHP, despite a larger CNS volume and more complex neuroarchitecture. Our results demonstrate that ASO drugs are well suited for treating a wide range of neurological diseases for which no effective treatments are available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Berit Powers
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc. Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | | | - Hien Zhao
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc. Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | | | - John Matson
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc. Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | | | - Jamie Watson
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc. Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | | | - Seung J Chun
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc. Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Curt Mazur
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc. Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | | | | | - Frank Rigo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals Inc. Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
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47
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Clavijo Jordan V, Hines CDG, Gantert LT, Wang S, Conarello S, Preihs C, Chirayil S, Klimas M, Evelhoch JL, Sherry AD. Imaging Beta-Cell Function in the Pancreas of Non-Human Primates Using a Zinc-Sensitive MRI Contrast Agent. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:641722. [PMID: 34122330 PMCID: PMC8187943 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.641722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive beta cell function measurements may provide valuable information for improving diabetes diagnostics and disease management as the integrity and function of pancreatic beta cells have been found to be compromised in Type-1 and Type-2 diabetes. Currently, available diabetes assays either lack functional information or spatial identification of beta cells. In this work, we introduce a method to assess the function of beta cells in the non-human primate pancreas non-invasively with MRI using a Gd-based zinc(II) sensor as a contrast agent, Gd-CP027. Additionally, we highlight the role of zinc(II) ions in the paracrine signaling of the endocrine pancreas via serological measurements of insulin and c-peptide. Non-human primates underwent MRI exams with simultaneous blood sampling during a Graded Glucose Infusion (GGI) with Gd-CP027 or with a non-zinc(II) sensitive contrast agent, gadofosveset. Contrast enhancement of the pancreas resulting from co-release of zinc(II) ion with insulin was observed focally when using the zinc(II)-specific agent, Gd-CP027, whereas little enhancement was detected when using gadofosveset. The contrast enhancement detected by Gd-CP027 increased in parallel with an increased dose of infused glucose. Serological measurements of C-peptide and insulin indicate that Gd-CP027, a high affinity zinc(II) contrast agent, potentiates their secretion only as a function of glucose stimulation. Taken in concert, this assay offers the possibility of detecting beta cell function in vivo non-invasively with MRI and underscores the role of zinc(II) in endocrine glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Clavijo Jordan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | | | - Liza T. Gantert
- Translational Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States
| | - Shubing Wang
- Biometrics Research, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States
| | | | - Christian Preihs
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- VitalQuan, LLC, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Sara Chirayil
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Michael Klimas
- Translational Biomarkers, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States
| | | | - A. Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- VitalQuan, LLC, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: A. Dean Sherry,
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48
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Chaney ME, Romine MG, Piontkivska H, Tosi AJ. Diversifying selection detected in only a minority of xenobiotic-metabolizing CYP1-3 genes among primate species. Xenobiotica 2020; 50:1406-1412. [PMID: 32558606 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1785580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
1. Primates exhibit a high degree of among-species dietary diversity, which likely exposes them to varying levels of xenobiotic compounds. Here, we examined the evolution of primate CYP1-3 gene families, and we classified the 15 CYP1-3 gene subfamilies as either xenobiotic-metabolizing (XM) or endogenous-metabolizing (EM) based on sources in the P450 literature. 2. We predicted that XM P450s would show (1) greater variability in gene-copy number and (2) more evidence of diversifying selection and, especially on codons that encode the substrate-recognition sites (SRSs) for the final enzymes. 3. Counter to our first prediction, EM and XM P450s showed similar levels of variation in gene-copy number. We did find, however, that four XM P450 subfamilies (CYP2C, CYP2D, CYP2E, and CYP3A) showed evidence of diversifying selection while no EM subfamilies demonstrated any consistent signal of diversifying selection. Of these four, CYP2C, CYP2D, and CYP3A showed significant links between SRSs and diversifying selection. 4. These results reveal an amount of evolutionary dynamism that would not be expected when viewing P450 subfamilies along a simple binary EM/XM spectrum. We recommend that comparative studies of cytochrome P450 evolution should focus on the CYP2C, CYP2D, CYP2E, and CYP3A subfamilies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E Chaney
- Department of Anthropology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Melia G Romine
- Department of Anthropology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Helen Piontkivska
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Anthony J Tosi
- Department of Anthropology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
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49
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Venkatachalam N, Bakavayev S, Engel D, Barak Z, Engel S. Primate differential redoxome (PDR) - A paradigm for understanding neurodegenerative diseases. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101683. [PMID: 32829254 PMCID: PMC7451816 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite different phenotypic manifestations, mounting evidence points to similarities in the molecular basis of major neurodegenerative diseases (ND). CNS has evolved to be robust against hazard of ROS, a common perturbation aerobic organisms are confronted with. The trade-off of robustness is system's fragility against rare and unexpected perturbations. Identifying the points of CNS fragility is key for understanding etiology of ND. We postulated that the 'primate differential redoxome' (PDR), an assembly of proteins that contain cysteine residues present only in the primate orthologues of mammals, is likely to associate with an added level of regulatory functionalities that enhanced CNS robustness against ROS and facilitated evolution. The PDR contains multiple deterministic and susceptibility factors of major ND, which cluster to form coordinated redox networks regulating various cellular processes. The PDR analysis revealed a potential CNS fragility point, which appears to associates with a non-redundant PINK1-PRKN-SQSTM1(p62) axis coordinating protein homeostasis and mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachiyappan Venkatachalam
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Shamchal Bakavayev
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Daniel Engel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Zeev Barak
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Stanislav Engel
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
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50
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Águeda-Pinto A, Lemos de Matos A, Pinheiro A, Neves F, de Sousa-Pereira P, Esteves PJ. Not so unique to Primates: The independent adaptive evolution of TRIM5 in Lagomorpha lineage. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226202. [PMID: 31830084 PMCID: PMC6907815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The plethora of restriction factors with the ability to inhibit the replication of retroviruses have been widely studied and genetic hallmarks of evolutionary selective pressures in Primates have been well documented. One example is the tripartite motif-containing protein 5 alpha (TRIM5α), a cytoplasmic factor that restricts retroviral infection in a species-specific fashion. In Lagomorphs, similarly to what has been observed in Primates, the specificity of TRIM5 restriction has been assigned to the PRYSPRY domain. In this study, we present the first insight of an intra-genus variability within the Lagomorpha TRIM5 PRYSPRY domain. Remarkably, and considering just the 32 residue-long v1 region of this domain, the deduced amino acid sequences of Daurian pika (Ochotona dauurica) and steppe pika (O. pusilla) evidenced a high divergence when compared to the remaining Ochotona species, presenting values of 44% and 66% of amino acid differences, respectively. The same evolutionary pattern was also observed when comparing the v1 region of two Sylvilagus species members (47% divergence). However, and unexpectedly, the PRYSPRY domain of Lepus species exhibited a great conservation. Our results show a high level of variation in the PRYSPRY domain of Lagomorpha species that belong to the same genus. This suggests that, throughout evolution, the Lagomorpha TRIM5 should have been influenced by constant selective pressures, likely as a result of multiple different retroviral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Águeda-Pinto
- CIBIO/InBio—Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto,Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Lemos de Matos
- Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy (CIVV), The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Ana Pinheiro
- CIBIO/InBio—Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto,Porto, Portugal
| | - Fabiana Neves
- CIBIO/InBio—Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Patrícia de Sousa-Pereira
- CIBIO/InBio—Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto,Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro J. Esteves
- CIBIO/InBio—Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto,Porto, Portugal
- CITS—Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias da Saúde, IPSN, CESPU,Gandra, Portugal
- * E-mail:
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