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Diniz RR, Domingos TFS, Pinto GR, Cabral LM, de Pádula M, de Souza AMT. Use of in silico and in vitro methods as a potential new approach methodologies (NAMs) for (photo)mutagenicity and phototoxicity risk assessment of agrochemicals. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:167320. [PMID: 37748613 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The increased use of agrochemicals raises concerns about environmental, animal, and mainly human toxicology. The development of New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) for toxicological risk assessment including new in vitro tests and in silico protocols is encouraged. Although agrochemical mutagenicity testing is well established, a complementary alternative approach may contribute to increasing reliability, with the consequent reduction of false-positive results that lead to unnecessary use of animals in follow-up in vivo testing. Additionally, it is unreasonable to underestimate the phototoxic effects of an accidental dermal exposure to agrochemicals during agricultural work or domestic application in the absence of adequate personal protection equipment, especially in terms of photomutagenicity. In this scenario, we addressed the integration of in vitro and in silico techniques as NAMs to assess the mutagenic and phototoxic potential of agrochemicals. In the present study we used the yno1 S. cerevisiae strain as a biomodel for in vitro assessment of agrochemical mutagenicity, both in the absence and in the presence of simulated sunlight. In parallel, in silico predictions were performed using a combination of expert rule-based and statistical-based models to assess gene mutations and phototoxicity. None of the tested agrochemicals showed mutagenic potential in the two proposed approaches. The Gly and 2,4D herbicides were photomutagenic in the in vitro yeast test despite the negative in silico prediction of phototoxicity. Herein, we demonstrated a novel experimental approach combining both in silico and in vitro experiments to address the complementary investigation of the phototoxicity and (photo)mutagenicity of agrochemicals. These findings shed light on the importance of investigating and reconsidering the photosafety assessment of these products, using not only photocytotoxicity assays but also photomutagenicity assays, which should be encouraged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raiane R Diniz
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular & QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Avaliação Genotóxica (LAMIAG), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel R Pinto
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Avaliação Genotóxica (LAMIAG), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lucio M Cabral
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Tecnologia Industrial Farmacêutica (LabTIF), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Pádula
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Microbiologia e Avaliação Genotóxica (LAMIAG), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alessandra M T de Souza
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Faculdade de Farmácia, Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular & QSAR (ModMolQSAR), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Jung KW, Kwon S, Jung JH, Lim S, Bahn YS. Functional Characterization of DNA N-Glycosylase Ogg1 and Ntg1 in DNA Damage Stress of Cryptococcus neoformans. J Microbiol 2023; 61:981-992. [PMID: 38055144 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00092-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species induce DNA strand breaks and DNA oxidation. DNA oxidation leads to DNA mismatches, resulting in mutations in the genome if not properly repaired. Homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) are required for DNA strand breaks, whereas the base excision repair system mainly repairs oxidized DNAs, such as 8-oxoguanine and thymine glycol, by cleaving the glycosidic bond, inserting correct nucleotides, and sealing the gap. Our previous studies revealed that the Rad53-Bdr1 pathway mainly controls DNA strand breaks through the regulation of HR- and NHEJ-related genes. However, the functional roles of genes involved in the base excision repair system remain elusive in Cryptococcus neoformans. In the present study, we identified OGG1 and NTG1 genes in the base excision repair system of C. neoformans, which are involved in DNA oxidation repair. The expression of OGG1 was induced in a Hog1-dependent manner under oxidative stress. On the other hand, the expression of NTG1 was strongly induced by DNA damage stress in a Rad53-independent manner. We demonstrated that the deletion of NTG1, but not OGG1, resulted in elevated susceptibility to DNA damage agents and oxidative stress inducers. Notably, the ntg1Δ mutant showed growth defects upon antifungal drug treatment. Although deletion of OGG1 or NTG1 did not increase mutation rates, the mutation profile of each ogg1Δ and ntg1Δ mutant was different from that of the wild-type strain. Taken together, we found that DNA N-glycosylase Ntg1 is required for oxidative DNA damage stress and antifungal drug resistance in C. neoformans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Woo Jung
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunhak Kwon
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Jung
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Lim
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup, 56212, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiation Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Sun Bahn
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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Olkinuora AP, Peltomäki PT, Aaltonen LA, Rajamäki K. From APC to the genetics of hereditary and familial colon cancer syndromes. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:R206-R224. [PMID: 34329396 PMCID: PMC8490010 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC) syndromes attributable to high penetrance mutations represent 9-26% of young-onset CRC cases. The clinical significance of many of these mutations is understood well enough to be used in diagnostics and as an aid in patient care. However, despite the advances made in the field, a significant proportion of familial and early-onset cases remains molecularly uncharacterized and extensive work is still needed to fully understand the genetic nature of CRC susceptibility. With the emergence of next-generation sequencing and associated methods, several predisposition loci have been unraveled, but validation is incomplete. Individuals with cancer-predisposing mutations are currently enrolled in life-long surveillance, but with the development of new treatments, such as cancer vaccinations, this might change in the not so distant future for at least some individuals. For individuals without a known cause for their disease susceptibility, prevention and therapy options are less precise. Herein, we review the progress achieved in the last three decades with a focus on how CRC predisposition genes were discovered. Furthermore, we discuss the clinical implications of these discoveries and anticipate what to expect in the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa P Olkinuora
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi T Peltomäki
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri A Aaltonen
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristiina Rajamäki
- Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, Medicum, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Applied Tumor Genomics Research Program, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Araújo LBNDE, Cal BBF, Nunes BM, Cruz LODA, Silva CRDA, Castro TCDE, Leitão ÁC, Pádula MDE, Albarello N, Dantas FJS. Nuclear and mitochondrial genome instability induced by fractions of ethanolic extract from Hovenia dulcis Thunberg in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20191436. [PMID: 34378640 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120191436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Hovenia dulcis is a plant commonly used as a pharmaceutical supplement, having displayed important pharmacological properties such antigiardic, antineoplastic and hepatoprotective. The purpose of this work was investigate the cytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic potential from fractions of Hovenia dulcis ethanolic extract on Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains FF18733 (wild type) and CD138 (ogg1). Ethanolic extract from Hovenia dulcis leaves was fractioned using organic solvents according to increasing polarity: Hexane (1:1), dichlorometane (1:1), ethyl acetate (1:1) and butanol (1:1). Three experimental assays were performed, such as (i) inactivation of cultures; (ii) mutagenesis (canavanine resistance system) and (iii) loss of mitochondrial function (petites colonies). The findings shown a decrease in cell viability in FF18733 and CD138 strains; all fractions of the extract were mutagenic in CD138 strain; only ethyl acetate and butanol fractions increased the rate of petites colonies for CD138 strains. Ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions induces mutagenicity, at the evaluated concentrations, in mitochondrial and genomic DNA in CD138 strain, mediated by oxidative lesions. In conclusion, it is possible to infer that the lesions caused by the extract fractions could be mediated by reactive oxygen species and might reach multiple molecular targets to cause cellular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana B N DE Araújo
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Radio e Fotobiologia, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 87, 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruna B F Cal
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Radio e Fotobiologia, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 87, 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Breno M Nunes
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Radio e Fotobiologia, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 87, 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leticia O DA Cruz
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Radio e Fotobiologia, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 87, 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Claudia R DA Silva
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Radio e Fotobiologia, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 87, 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tatiana C DE Castro
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Plantas, Núcleo de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Álvaro C Leitão
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Laboratório de Radiobiologia Molecular, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo DE Pádula
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Laboratório de Microbiologia e Avaliação Genotóxica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Av. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, 21941-902 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Norma Albarello
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Plantas, Núcleo de Biotecnologia Vegetal, Rua São Francisco Xavier, 524, 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flavio J S Dantas
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Laboratório de Radio e Fotobiologia, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Boulevard 28 de Setembro, 87, 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Cal M, Matyjaszczyk I, Filik K, Ogórek R, Ko Y, Ułaszewski S. Mitochondrial Function Are Disturbed in the Presence of the Anticancer Drug, 3-Bromopyruvate. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126640. [PMID: 34205737 PMCID: PMC8235118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
3-bromopuryvate (3-BP) is a compound with unique antitumor activity. It has a selective action against tumor cells that exhibit the Warburg effect. It has been proven that the action of 3-BP is pleiotropic: it acts on proteins, glycolytic enzymes, reduces the amount of ATP, induces the formation of ROS (reactive oxygen species), and induces nuclear DNA damage. Mitochondria are important organelles for the proper functioning of the cell. The production of cellular energy (ATP), the proper functioning of the respiratory chain, or participation in the production of amino acids are one of the many functions of mitochondria. Here, for the first time, we show on the yeast model that 3-BP acts in the eukaryotic cell also by influence on mitochondria and that agents inhibiting mitochondrial function can potentially be used in cancer therapy with 3-BP. We show that cells with functional mitochondria are more resistant to 3-BP than rho0 cells. Using an MTT assay (a colorimetric assay for assessing cell metabolic activity), we demonstrated that 3-BP decreased mitochondrial activity in yeast in a dose-dependent manner. 3-BP induces mitochondrial-dependent ROS generation which results in ∆sod2, ∆por1, or ∆gpx1 mutant sensitivity to 3-BP. Probably due to ROS mtDNA lesions rise during 3-BP treatment. Our findings may have a significant impact on the therapy with 3-BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Cal
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, University of Wroclaw, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.M.); (R.O.); (S.U.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-71-375-6269
| | - Irwin Matyjaszczyk
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, University of Wroclaw, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.M.); (R.O.); (S.U.)
| | - Karolina Filik
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Rafał Ogórek
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, University of Wroclaw, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.M.); (R.O.); (S.U.)
| | - Young Ko
- KoDiscovery, LLC, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA;
| | - Stanisław Ułaszewski
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, University of Wroclaw, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland; (I.M.); (R.O.); (S.U.)
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7
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Komakula SSB, Blaze B, Ye H, Dobrzyn A, Sampath H. A Novel Role for the DNA Repair Enzyme 8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase in Adipogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031152. [PMID: 33503804 PMCID: PMC7865743 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells sustain constant oxidative stress from both exogenous and endogenous sources. When unmitigated by antioxidant defenses, reactive oxygen species damage cellular macromolecules, including DNA. Oxidative lesions in both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA are repaired via the base excision repair (BER) pathway, initiated by DNA glycosylases. We have previously demonstrated that the BER glycosylase 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) plays a novel role in body weight maintenance and regulation of adiposity. Specifically, mice lacking OGG1 (Ogg1−/−) are prone to increased fat accumulation with age and consumption of hypercaloric diets. Conversely, transgenic animals with mitochondrially-targeted overexpression of OGG1 (Ogg1Tg) are resistant to age- and diet-induced obesity. Given these phenotypes of altered adiposity in the context of OGG1 genotype, we sought to determine if OGG1 plays a cell-intrinsic role in adipocyte maturation and lipid accumulation. Here, we report that preadipocytes from Ogg1−/− mice differentiate more efficiently and accumulate more lipids than those from wild-type animals. Conversely, OGG1 overexpression significantly blunts adipogenic differentiation and lipid accretion in both pre-adipocytes from Ogg1Tg mice, as well as in 3T3-L1 cells with adenovirus-mediated OGG1 overexpression. Mechanistically, changes in adipogenesis are accompanied by significant alterations in cellular PARylation, corresponding with OGG1 genotype. Specifically, deletion of OGG1 reduces protein PARylation, concomitant with increased adipogenic differentiation, while OGG1 overexpression significantly increases PARylation and blunts adipogenesis. Collectively, these data indicate a novel role for OGG1 in modulating adipocyte differentiation and lipid accretion. These findings have important implications to our knowledge of the fundamental process of adipocyte differentiation, as well as to our understanding of lipid-related diseases such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Santosh Babu Komakula
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (S.S.B.K.); (B.B.); (H.Y.)
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Bhavya Blaze
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (S.S.B.K.); (B.B.); (H.Y.)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Hong Ye
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (S.S.B.K.); (B.B.); (H.Y.)
| | - Agnieszka Dobrzyn
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Harini Sampath
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; (S.S.B.K.); (B.B.); (H.Y.)
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Center for Microbiome, Nutrition, and Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
- Correspondence:
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Paiva JP, Diniz RR, Leitão AC, Cabral LM, Fortunato RS, Santos BAMC, de Pádula M. Insights and controversies on sunscreen safety. Crit Rev Toxicol 2020; 50:707-723. [PMID: 33064037 DOI: 10.1080/10408444.2020.1826899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Although sunlight provides several benefits, ultraviolet (UV) radiation plays an important role in the development of various skin damages such as erythema, photoaging, and photocarcinogenesis. Despite cells having endogenous defense systems, damaged DNA may not be efficiently repaired at chronic exposure. In this sense, it is necessary to use artificial defense strategies such as sunscreen formulations. UV filters should scatter, reflect, or absorb solar UV radiation in order to prevent direct or indirect DNA lesions. However, the safety of UV filters is a matter of concern due to several controversies reported in literature, such as endocrine alterations, allergies, increased oxidative stress, phototoxic events, among others. Despite these controversies, the way in which sunscreens are tested is essential to ensure safety. Sunscreen regulation includes mandatory test for phototoxicity, but photogenotoxicity testing is not recommended as a part of the standard photosafety testing program. Although available photobiological tests are still the first approach to assess photosafety, they are limited. Some existing tests do not always provide reliable results, mainly due to limitations regarding the nature of the assessed phototoxic effect, cell UV sensitivity, and the irradiation protocols. These aspects bring queries regarding the safety of sunscreen wide use and suggest the demand for the development of robust and efficient in vitro screening tests to overcome the existing limitations. In this way, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has stood out as a promising model to fill the gaps in photobiology and to complete the mandatory tests enabling a more extensive and robust photosafety assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana P Paiva
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Industrial e Avaliação Genotóxica (LAMIAG), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raiane R Diniz
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Industrial e Avaliação Genotóxica (LAMIAG), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratório de Tecnologia Industrial Farmacêutica (LabTIF), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alvaro C Leitão
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia Molecular (Radmol), Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucio M Cabral
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Industrial Farmacêutica (LabTIF), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Fortunato
- Laboratório de Fisiologia e Sinalização Redox, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bianca A M C Santos
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Pádula
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Industrial e Avaliação Genotóxica (LAMIAG), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Diniz RR, Paiva JP, Aquino RM, Gonçalves TCW, Leitão AC, Santos BAMC, Pinto AV, Leandro KC, de Pádula M. Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains as bioindicators for titanium dioxide sunscreen photoprotective and photomutagenic assessment. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 198:111584. [PMID: 31434036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although several short-term assays are available for cosmetic photosafety assessment, cell models are usually highly sensitive to UV radiation, tending to overestimate both phototoxic and photomutagenic risks. In addition, these assays are performed with UV doses/fluences that do not correspond to actual environmental conditions. In this sense, Saccharomyces cerevisiae has already proved to be an interesting tool to predict photomutagenic potential of several compounds, including sunscreens. Yeast can support environmental UVB doses compatible with human daily sunlight exposure, allowing the use of irradiation sources to faithfully mimic the external conditions of ambient sunlight. Herein, we used a set of S. cerevisiae mutant strains sensitive to UVA, UVB and Solar Simulated Light sources in order to evaluate their potential as bioindicators for sunscreen development. The bioindicator potential of the strains was tested with the widely-used titanium dioxide inorganic sunscreen. The AWP001 (yno1) and LPW002 (ogg1yno1) strains obtained in this study stood out as promising experimental tools for the validation of this assay. Overall, our results evidenced a set of S. cerevisiae strains particularly useful for evaluating both photoprotective (efficacy) and photo/antiphotomutagenic (safety) potential of UV filters, meeting the industries and regulatory agencies demand for robust and efficient in vitro screening tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raiane R Diniz
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde (INCQS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Microbiologia e Avaliação Genotóxica (LAMIAG), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana P Paiva
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Avaliação Genotóxica (LAMIAG), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Renan M Aquino
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Avaliação Genotóxica (LAMIAG), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Tula C W Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Avaliação Genotóxica (LAMIAG), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Alvaro C Leitão
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Bianca Aloise M C Santos
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Alicia V Pinto
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde (INCQS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Katia C Leandro
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde (INCQS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Pádula
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Avaliação Genotóxica (LAMIAG), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil.
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da Silva ACP, Paiva JP, Diniz RR, Dos Anjos VM, Silva ABSM, Pinto AV, Dos Santos EP, Leitão AC, Cabral LM, Rodrigues CR, de Pádula M, Santos BAMC. Photoprotection assessment of olive (Olea europaea L.) leaves extract standardized to oleuropein: In vitro and in silico approach for improved sunscreens. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 193:162-171. [PMID: 30884286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Olive leaves contain higher amount of polyphenols than olive oil and represent a waste product from olive harvest and pruning of olive trees. The most abundant compound in olive leaves is oleuropein. Benefits of the topical application of olive leaves extract were previously reported, but little information is available on its photoprotective potential and the result of the association of this extract with organic UV filters in topical sunscreen formulations. The olive leaves extract photoprotective potential is less explored for both oral and topical photoprotection in comparison with other plants extracts and polyphenols, such as Polypodium leucotomos extract and resveratrol. There are increasing efforts towards developing more efficient sunscreens and a photoprotection assessement along with a better understanding of the photochemistry of naturally occurring sunscreens could aid the design of new and improved commercial sunscreen formulations. This study was designed to investigate the photoprotective potential of olive leaves extract standardized for oleuropein performing a set of in vitro and in silico tools as an innovative approach, highlighting yeast assays, in vitro Sun Protection Factor (SPF) and molecular modelling studies of UV absorption. This study supports the use of olive leaves extract for photoprotection, as an effective photoprotective, anti-mutagenic and antioxidant active, also showing a synergistic effect in association with UV filters with an improvement on in vitro SPF of sunscreen formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C P da Silva
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Juliana P Paiva
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Avaliação Genotóxica (LAMIAG), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Raiane R Diniz
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Avaliação Genotóxica (LAMIAG), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil; Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde (INCQS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Vitor M Dos Anjos
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz S M Silva
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Alicia Viviana Pinto
- Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde (INCQS), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Elisabete P Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Desenvolvimento Galênico (LADEG), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Alvaro C Leitão
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia Molecular (Radmol), Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Lucio M Cabral
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Industrial Farmacêutica (LabTIF), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Modelagem Molecular & QSAR-3D (ModMolQSAR), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Pádula
- Laboratório de Microbiologia e Avaliação Genotóxica (LAMIAG), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil
| | - Bianca Aloise M C Santos
- Laboratório de Planejamento Farmacêutico e Simulação Computacional (LaPFarSC), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil; Laboratório de Microbiologia e Avaliação Genotóxica (LAMIAG), Faculdade de Farmácia, CCS, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21949-900, Brazil.
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11
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Okumura K, Nishihara S, Inoue YH. Genetic identification and characterization of three genes that prevent accumulation of oxidative DNA damage in Drosophila adult tissues. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 78:7-19. [PMID: 30947023 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species generated in the process of energy production represent a major cause of oxidative DNA damage. Production of the oxidized guanine base, 8-oxo-guanine (8-oxoG), results in mismatched pairing with adenine and subsequently leads to G:C to T:A transversions after DNA replication. Our previous study demonstrated that Drosophila CG1795 encodes an ortholog of Ogg1, which is essential for the elimination of 8-oxoG. Moreover, the Drosophila ribosomal protein S3 (RpS3) possesses N-glycosylase activity that eliminates 8-oxoG in vitro. In this study, we show that RpS3 heterozygotes hyper-accumulate 8-oxoG in midgut cell nuclei after oxidant feeding, suggesting thatRpS3 is required for the elimination of 8-oxoG in Drosophila adults. We further showed that several muscle-aging phenotypes were significantly accelerated in RpS3 heterozygotes. Ogg1 is localized in the nucleus, while RpS3 is in the cytoplasm, closely associated with endoplasmic reticulum networks. Results of genetic analyses also suggest that these two proteins operate similarly but independently in the elimination of oxidized guanine bases from genomic DNA. Next, we obtained genetic evidence suggesting that CG42813 functions as the Drosophila ortholog of mammalian Mth1 in the elimination of oxidized dGTP (8-oxo-dGTP) from the nucleotide pool. Depletion of this gene significantly increased the number of DNA damage foci in the nuclei of Drosophila midgut cells. Furthermore, several aging-related phenotypes such as age-dependent loss of adult locomotor activities and accumulation of polyubiquitylated proteins in adult muscles were also significantly accelerated in CG42813-depleted flies. Lastly, we investigated the phenotype of adults depleted of CG9272, which encodes a protein with homology to mammalian Nth1 that is essential for the elimination of oxidized thymine. Excessive accumulation of oxidized bases was observed in the epithelial cell nuclei after oxidant feeding. In conclusion, three genes that prevent accumulation of oxidative DNA damage were identified in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuko Okumura
- Department of Insect Biomedical Research, Center for Advanced Insect Research Promotion, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0962, Japan
| | - Shunta Nishihara
- Department of Insect Biomedical Research, Center for Advanced Insect Research Promotion, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0962, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro H Inoue
- Department of Insect Biomedical Research, Center for Advanced Insect Research Promotion, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0962, Japan.
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12
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Komakula SSB, Tumova J, Kumaraswamy D, Burchat N, Vartanian V, Ye H, Dobrzyn A, Lloyd RS, Sampath H. The DNA Repair Protein OGG1 Protects Against Obesity by Altering Mitochondrial Energetics in White Adipose Tissue. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14886. [PMID: 30291284 PMCID: PMC6173743 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and related metabolic pathologies represent a significant public health concern. Obesity is associated with increased oxidative stress that damages genomic and mitochondrial DNA. Oxidatively-induced lesions in both DNA pools are repaired via the base-excision repair pathway, initiated by DNA glycosylases such as 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1). Global deletion of OGG1 and common OGG1 polymorphisms render mice and humans susceptible to metabolic disease. However, the relative contribution of mitochondrial OGG1 to this metabolic phenotype is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that transgenic targeting of OGG1 to mitochondria confers significant protection from diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and adipose tissue inflammation. These favorable metabolic phenotypes are mediated by an increase in whole body energy expenditure driven by specific metabolic adaptations, including increased mitochondrial respiration in white adipose tissue of OGG1 transgenic (Ogg1Tg) animals. These data demonstrate a critical role for a DNA repair protein in modulating mitochondrial energetics and whole-body energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Santosh Babu Komakula
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.,Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jana Tumova
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Deeptha Kumaraswamy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Natalie Burchat
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Vladimir Vartanian
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Hong Ye
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Agnieszka Dobrzyn
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Metabolic Disorders, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - R Stephen Lloyd
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Harini Sampath
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Rutgers Center for Lipid Research, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
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13
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Torres-Silva CF, Repolês BM, Ornelas HO, Macedo AM, Franco GR, Junho Pena SD, Tahara EB, Machado CR. Assessment of genetic mutation frequency induced by oxidative stress in Trypanosoma cruzi. Genet Mol Biol 2018; 41:466-474. [PMID: 30088612 PMCID: PMC6082238 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiological agent of Chagas disease, a public health challenge due to its morbidity and mortality rates, which affects around 6-7 million people worldwide. Symptoms, response to chemotherapy, and the course of Chagas disease are greatly influenced by T. cruzi's intra-specific variability. Thus, DNA mutations in this parasite possibly play a key role in the wide range of clinical manifestations and in drug sensitivity. Indeed, the environmental conditions of oxidative stress faced by T. cruzi during its life cycle can generate genetic mutations. However, the lack of an established experimental design to assess mutation rates in T. cruzi precludes the study of conditions and mechanisms that potentially produce genomic variability in this parasite. We developed an assay that employs a reporter gene that, once mutated in specific positions, convert G418-sensitive into G418-insenstitive T. cruzi. We were able to determine the frequency of DNA mutations in T. cruzi exposed and non-exposed to oxidative insults assessing the number of colony-forming units in solid selective media after plating a defined number of cells. We verified that T. cruzi's spontaneous mutation frequency was comparable to those found in other eukaryotes, and that exposure to hydrogen peroxide promoted a two-fold increase in T. cruzi's mutation frequency. We hypothesize that genetic mutations in T. cruzi can arise from oxidative insults faced by this parasite during its life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruno Marçal Repolês
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Hugo Oliveira Ornelas
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Andréa Mara Macedo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Glória Regina Franco
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Danilo Junho Pena
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Erich Birelli Tahara
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carlos Renato Machado
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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14
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miR-200a Modulates the Expression of the DNA Repair Protein OGG1 Playing a Role in Aging of Primary Human Keratinocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:9147326. [PMID: 29765508 PMCID: PMC5889889 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9147326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative DNA damage accumulation may induce cellular senescence. Notably, senescent cells accumulate in aged tissues and are present at the sites of age-related pathologies. Although the signaling of DNA strand breaks has been extensively studied, the role of oxidative base lesions has not fully investigated in primary human keratinocyte aging. In this study, we show that primary human keratinocytes from elderly donors are characterized by a significant accumulation of the oxidative base lesion 8-OH-dG, impairment of oxidative DNA repair, and increase of miR-200a levels. Notably, OGG1-2a, a critical enzyme for 8-OH-dG repair, is a direct target of miR-200a and its expression levels significantly decrease in aged keratinocytes. The 8-OH-dG accumulation displays a significant linear relationship with the aging biomarker p16 expression during keratinocyte senescence. Interestingly, we found that miR-200a overexpression down-modulates its putative target Bmi-1, a well-known p16 repressor, and up-regulates p16 itself. miR-200a overexpression also up-regulates the NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-1β expression. Of note, primary keratinocytes from elderly donors are characterized by NRPL3 activation and IL-1β secretion. These findings point to miR-200a as key player in primary human keratinocyte aging since it is able to reduce oxidative DNA repair activity and may induce several senescence features through p16 and IL-1β up-regulation.
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15
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Vartanian V, Tumova J, Dobrzyn P, Dobrzyn A, Nakabeppu Y, Lloyd RS, Sampath H. 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) deficiency elicits coordinated changes in lipid and mitochondrial metabolism in muscle. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181687. [PMID: 28727777 PMCID: PMC5519207 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress resulting from endogenous and exogenous sources causes damage to cellular components, including genomic and mitochondrial DNA. Oxidative DNA damage is primarily repaired via the base excision repair pathway that is initiated by DNA glycosylases. 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) recognizes and cleaves oxidized and ring-fragmented purines, including 8-oxoguanine, the most commonly formed oxidative DNA lesion. Mice lacking the OGG1 gene product are prone to multiple features of the metabolic syndrome, including high-fat diet-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. Here, we report that OGG1-deficient mice also display skeletal muscle pathologies, including increased muscle lipid deposition and alterations in genes regulating lipid uptake and mitochondrial fission in skeletal muscle. In addition, expression of genes of the TCA cycle and of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism are also significantly altered in muscle of OGG1-deficient mice. These tissue changes are accompanied by marked reductions in markers of muscle function in OGG1-deficient animals, including decreased grip strength and treadmill endurance. Collectively, these data indicate a role for skeletal muscle OGG1 in the maintenance of optimal tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Vartanian
- From the Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jana Tumova
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Pawel Dobrzyn
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - R. Stephen Lloyd
- From the Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Harini Sampath
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- Rutgers Center for Lipid Research and Center for Digestive Health, New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
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16
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Banda DM, Nuñez NN, Burnside MA, Bradshaw KM, David SS. Repair of 8-oxoG:A mismatches by the MUTYH glycosylase: Mechanism, metals and medicine. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 107:202-215. [PMID: 28087410 PMCID: PMC5457711 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) may infringe on the passing of pristine genetic information by inducing DNA inter- and intra-strand crosslinks, protein-DNA crosslinks, and chemical alterations to the sugar or base moieties of DNA. 8-Oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG) is one of the most prevalent DNA lesions formed by RONS and is repaired through the base excision repair (BER) pathway involving the DNA repair glycosylases OGG1 and MUTYH in eukaryotes. MUTYH removes adenine (A) from 8-oxoG:A mispairs, thus mitigating the potential of G:C to T:A transversion mutations from occurring in the genome. The paramount role of MUTYH in guarding the genome is well established in the etiology of a colorectal cancer predisposition syndrome involving variants of MUTYH, referred to as MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP). In this review, we highlight recent advances in understanding how MUTYH structure and related function participate in the manifestation of human disease such as MAP. Here we focus on the importance of MUTYH's metal cofactor sites, including a recently discovered "Zinc linchpin" motif, as well as updates to the catalytic mechanism. Finally, we touch on the insight gleaned from studies with MAP-associated MUTYH variants and recent advances in understanding the multifaceted roles of MUTYH in the cell, both in the prevention of mutagenesis and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas M Banda
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Nicole N Nuñez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Michael A Burnside
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Katie M Bradshaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Sheila S David
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
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17
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Boiteux S, Coste F, Castaing B. Repair of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells: Properties and biological roles of the Fpg and OGG1 DNA N-glycosylases. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 107:179-201. [PMID: 27903453 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Oxidatively damaged DNA results from the attack of sugar and base moieties by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are formed as byproducts of normal cell metabolism and during exposure to endogenous or exogenous chemical or physical agents. Guanine, having the lowest redox potential, is the DNA base the most susceptible to oxidation, yielding products such as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG) and 2-6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyG). In DNA, 8-oxoG was shown to be mutagenic yielding GC to TA transversions upon incorporation of dAMP opposite this lesion by replicative DNA polymerases. In prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, 8-oxoG is primarily repaired by the base excision repair pathway (BER) initiated by a DNA N-glycosylase, Fpg and OGG1, respectively. In Escherichia coli, Fpg cooperates with MutY and MutT to prevent 8-oxoG-induced mutations, the "GO-repair system". In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, OGG1 cooperates with nucleotide excision repair (NER), mismatch repair (MMR), post-replication repair (PRR) and DNA polymerase η to prevent mutagenesis. Human and mouse cells mobilize all these pathways using OGG1, MUTYH (MutY-homolog also known as MYH), MTH1 (MutT-homolog also known as NUDT1), NER, MMR, NEILs and DNA polymerases η and λ, to prevent 8-oxoG-induced mutations. In fact, mice deficient in both OGG1 and MUTYH develop cancer in different organs at adult age, which points to the critical impact of 8-oxoG repair on genetic stability in mammals. In this review, we will focus on Fpg and OGG1 proteins, their biochemical and structural properties as well as their biological roles. Other DNA N-glycosylases able to release 8-oxoG from damaged DNA in various organisms will be discussed. Finally, we will report on the role of OGG1 in human disease and the possible use of 8-oxoG DNA N-glycosylases as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Boiteux
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR4301, rue Charles Sadron, 45072 Orléans, France.
| | - Franck Coste
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR4301, rue Charles Sadron, 45072 Orléans, France
| | - Bertrand Castaing
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS, UPR4301, rue Charles Sadron, 45072 Orléans, France.
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18
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Repair of Oxidative DNA Damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. DNA Repair (Amst) 2017; 51:2-13. [PMID: 28189416 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Malfunction of enzymes that detoxify reactive oxygen species leads to oxidative attack on biomolecules including DNA and consequently activates various DNA repair pathways. The nature of DNA damage and the cell cycle stage at which DNA damage occurs determine the appropriate repair pathway to rectify the damage. Oxidized DNA bases are primarily repaired by base excision repair and nucleotide incision repair. Nucleotide excision repair acts on lesions that distort DNA helix, mismatch repair on mispaired bases, and homologous recombination and non-homologous end joining on double stranded breaks. Post-replication repair that overcomes replication blocks caused by DNA damage also plays a crucial role in protecting the cell from the deleterious effects of oxidative DNA damage. Mitochondrial DNA is also prone to oxidative damage and is efficiently repaired by the cellular DNA repair machinery. In this review, we discuss the DNA repair pathways in relation to the nature of oxidative DNA damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
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19
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Xu T, Nie Y, Bai J, Li L, Yang B, Zheng G, Zhang J, Yu J, Cheng X, Jiao J, Jing H. Suppression of human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) augments ultrasound-induced apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. ULTRASONICS 2016; 72:1-14. [PMID: 27447800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) is a major base excision repair enzyme, and it was reported to suppress the activation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to oxidative stress. In this study, our aim was to investigate the effects of OGG1 downregulation on ultrasound-induced apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. METHODS OGG1 expression was silenced by shRNA in the cervical cancer SW756 and CaSki cells. Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay after OGG1 knockdown following ultrasound treatment. Ultrasound-induced apoptosis was measured by Annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and Ca(2+) concentration were detected using a fluorescent probe, 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) and a green fluorescent dye fluo-4AM, respectively. Western blotting was used to analyze the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65). RESULTS The results indicated that OGG1 knockdown did not suppress cell proliferation, but significantly augmented ultrasound-induced inhibitory effects on the cell viability, and increased ultrasound-induced early apoptosis and late apoptosis and necrosis in the SW756 and CaSki cells when exposure to ultrasound (1MHz) at 1.5W/cm(2) for 30 and 60s. OGG1 knockdown significantly increased intracellular ROS production and Ca(2+) concentration after incubation of 6, 24, and 48h post-ultrasound treatment. The downregulation of Bcl-2 protein and the upregulation of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, and NF-κB p65 protein levels were observed in the shRNA-OGG1 cells and mock-shRNA cells, but no significant change of these protein levels was found between of them. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that downregulation of OGG1 expression can augment ultrasound-induced apoptosis in cervical cancer cells, which suggests that OGG1 suppression might provide a new insight for ultrasound-induced therapeutic effects on cervical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yongli Nie
- Department of Oncology, Han Jiang Group Co. Ltd-Han Jiang Hospital, DanJiangKou 442700, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiao Bai
- Department of Ultrasound, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Linjun Li
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Guangmei Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jianyun Yu
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xiongfei Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hongxia Jing
- Department of Ultrasound, Renmin Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, Hubei Province, China.
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Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Skin Aging: The Role of DNA Damage and Oxidative Stress in Epidermal Stem Cell Damage Mediated Skin Aging. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:7370642. [PMID: 27148370 PMCID: PMC4842382 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7370642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is the largest human organ. Skin continually reconstructs itself to ensure its viability, integrity, and ability to provide protection for the body. Some areas of skin are continuously exposed to a variety of environmental stressors that can inflict direct and indirect damage to skin cell DNA. Skin homeostasis is maintained by mesenchymal stem cells in inner layer dermis and epidermal stem cells (ESCs) in the outer layer epidermis. Reduction of skin stem cell number and function has been linked to impaired skin homeostasis (e.g., skin premature aging and skin cancers). Skin stem cells, with self-renewal capability and multipotency, are frequently affected by environment. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR), a major cause of stem cell DNA damage, can contribute to depletion of stem cells (ESCs and mesenchymal stem cells) and damage of stem cell niche, eventually leading to photoinduced skin aging. In this review, we discuss the role of UV-induced DNA damage and oxidative stress in the skin stem cell aging in order to gain insights into the pathogenesis and develop a way to reduce photoaging of skin cells.
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Yasukawa T, Nakahara Y, Hirai J, Inoue YH. Drosophila Ogg1 is required to suppress 8-oxo-guanine accumulation following oxidative stress. Genes Genet Syst 2016; 90:11-20. [PMID: 26119662 DOI: 10.1266/ggs.90.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during energy production processes are a major cause of oxidative DNA damage. A DNA glycosylase encoded by the Ogg1 gene removes oxidized guanine bases and is widely conserved. However, the biological role of the gene in individual organisms has not yet been characterized in Drosophila, which is a suitable model to study the influence of oxidative damage on senescence. Here, we performed a genetic analysis to confirm that Ogg1 plays an essential role in the removal of 8-oxo-guanines from nuclei. We first confirmed by quantitative real-time PCR that Ogg1 mRNA expression was reduced by 30-55% in Ogg1 mutants and in flies expressing inducible Ogg1 dsRNA compared to control flies. We then showed that additional accumulation of 8-oxo-guanines occurred in the nuclei of epithelial midgut cells after paraquat feeding in flies with downregulated Ogg1 expression. We confirmed that a transposon possessing the UAS sequence was integrated in the 5'-UTR of the Ogg1 alleles and that it is oriented in the same transcriptional direction as the gene. Using the Gal4/UAS system, which enables us to induce ectopic expression in Drosophila, we induced overexpression of Ogg1 by 40-fold. We observed a lower amount of 8-oxo-guanine in the midgut epithelial cells of adults overexpressing Ogg1. These genetic data strongly suggest that the Drosophila Ogg1 ortholog CG1795 plays an essential role in the suppression of 8-oxo-guanines, consistent with its role in other organisms. Although adult flies with reduced Ogg1 expression failed to show elevated sensitivity to paraquat, those with Ogg1 overexpression showed resistance to oxidative stress by paraquat feeding and had a significantly longer lifespan in normal feeding conditions. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that oxidative DNA damage by ROS accumulation is a major contributor to senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yasukawa
- Insect Biomedical Research Center, Kyoto Institute of Technology
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22
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da Silva CR, Almeida GS, Caldeira-de-Araújo A, Leitão AC, de Pádula M. Influence of Ogg1 repair on the genetic stability of ccc2 mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chemically challenged with 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO). Mutagenesis 2015; 31:107-14. [PMID: 26275420 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gev062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, disruption of genes by deletion allowed elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of a series of human diseases, such as in Wilson disease (WD). WD is a disorder of copper metabolism, due to inherited mutations in human copper-transporting ATPase (ATP7B). An orthologous gene is present in S. cerevisiae, CCC2 gene. Copper is required as a cofactor for a number of enzymes. In excess, however, it is toxic, potentially carcinogenic, leading to many pathological conditions via oxidatively generated DNA damage. Deficiency in ATP7B (human) or Ccc2 (yeast) causes accumulation of intracellular copper, favouring the generation of reactive oxygen species. Thus, it becomes important to study the relative importance of proteins involved in the repair of these lesions, such as Ogg1. Herein, we addressed the influence Ogg1 repair in a ccc2 deficient strain of S. cerevisiae. We constructed ccc2-disrupted strains from S. cerevisiae (ogg1ccc2 and ccc2), which were analysed in terms of viability and spontaneous mutator phenotype. We also investigated the impact of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO) on nuclear DNA damage and on the stability of mitochondrial DNA. The results indicated a synergistic effect on spontaneous mutagenesis upon OGG1 and CCC2 double inactivation, placing 8-oxoguanine as a strong lesion-candidate at the origin of spontaneous mutations. The ccc2 mutant was more sensitive to cell killing and to mutagenesis upon 4-NQO challenge than the other studied strains. However, Ogg1 repair of exogenous-induced DNA damage revealed to be toxic and mutagenic to ccc2 deficient cells, which can be due to a detrimental action of Ogg1 on DNA lesions induced in ccc2 cells. Altogether, our results point to a critical and ambivalent role of BER mediated by Ogg1 in the maintenance of genomic stability in eukaryotes deficient in CCC2 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia R da Silva
- Laboratório de Radio e Fotobiologia, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro CEP 20551-030, Brasil, Laboratório de Radiobiologia Molecular; Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21.941-902, Brasil and
| | - Gabriella S Almeida
- Laboratório de Radio e Fotobiologia, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro CEP 20551-030, Brasil, Laboratório de Radiobiologia Molecular; Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21.941-902, Brasil and Laboratório de Microbiologia e Avaliação Genotóxica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21.941-902, Brasil
| | - Adriano Caldeira-de-Araújo
- Laboratório de Radio e Fotobiologia, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro CEP 20551-030, Brasil
| | - Alvaro C Leitão
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia Molecular; Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21.941-902, Brasil and
| | - Marcelo de Pádula
- Laboratório de Radiobiologia Molecular; Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21.941-902, Brasil and Laboratório de Microbiologia e Avaliação Genotóxica, Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro CEP 21.941-902, Brasil
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23
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Edwards SK, Ono T, Wang S, Jiang W, Franzini RM, Jung JW, Chan KM, Kool ET. In Vitro Fluorogenic Real-Time Assay of the Repair of Oxidative DNA Damage. Chembiochem 2015; 16:1637-46. [PMID: 26073452 PMCID: PMC4586133 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The repair of oxidative damage to DNA is essential to avoid mutations that lead to cancer. Oxidized DNA bases, such as 8-oxoguanine, are a main source of these mutations, and the enzyme 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (OGG1) is the chief human enzyme that excises 8-oxoguanine from DNA. The activity of OGG1 has been linked to human inflammation responses and to cancer, and researchers are beginning to search for inhibitors of the enzyme. However, measuring the activity of the enzyme typically requires laborious gel-based measurements of radiolabeled DNAs. Here we report the design and properties of fluorogenic probes that directly report on the activity of OGG1 (and its bacterial homologue Fpg) in real time as the oxidized base is excised. The probes are short, modified DNA oligomers containing fluorescent DNA bases and are designed to utilize 8-oxoguanine itself as a fluorescence quencher. Screening of combinations of fluorophores and 8-oxoguanine revealed two fluorophores, pyrene and tCo, that are strongly quenched by the damaged base. We tested 42 potential probes containing these fluorophores: the optimum probe, OGR1, yields a 60-fold light-up signal in vitro with OGG1 and Fpg. It can report on oxidative repair activity in mammalian cell lysate and with bacterial cells overexpressing a repair enzyme. Such probes might prove useful in quantifying enzyme activity and performing competitive inhibition assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (USA)
| | - Toshikazu Ono
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (USA)
- Present Address: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Center for Molecular Systems (CMS), Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395 (Japan)
| | - Shenliang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (USA)
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (USA)
| | | | - Jong Wha Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (USA)
- Present Address: College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 702-701 (Republic of Korea)
| | - Ke Min Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (USA)
| | - Eric T Kool
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (USA).
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24
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Sampath H. Oxidative DNA damage in disease--insights gained from base excision repair glycosylase-deficient mouse models. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2014; 55:689-703. [PMID: 25044514 DOI: 10.1002/em.21886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular components, including nucleic acids, are subject to oxidative damage. If left unrepaired, this damage can lead to multiple adverse cellular outcomes, including increased mutagenesis and cell death. The major pathway for repair of oxidative base lesions is the base excision repair pathway, catalyzed by DNA glycosylases with overlapping but distinct substrate specificities. To understand the role of these glycosylases in the initiation and progression of disease, several transgenic mouse models have been generated to carry a targeted deletion or overexpression of one or more glycosylases. This review summarizes some of the major findings from transgenic animal models of altered DNA glycosylase expression, especially as they relate to pathologies ranging from metabolic disease and cancer to inflammation and neuronal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Sampath
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
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25
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Paiva JP, Santos BA, Kibwila DM, Gonçalves TC, Pinto AV, Rodrigues CR, Leitão AC, Cabral LM, Pádula MD. Titanium Dioxide–Montmorillonite Nanocomposite as Photoprotective Agent Against Ultraviolet B Radiation-Induced Mutagenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: A Potential Candidate for Safer Sunscreens. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:2539-45. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Hsu PC, Wang CL, Su HM, Juo SH, Lin TH, Voon WC, Shin SJ, Lai WT, Sheu SH. The hOGG1 Ser326Cys gene polymorphism and the risk of coronary ectasia in the Chinese population. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:1671-82. [PMID: 24451144 PMCID: PMC3907892 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15011671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is related to vascular inflammation possibly, contributing to the development of coronary ectasia (CE). Base excision repair (BER) and nucleotide excision repair are the main DNA repair pathways that can help to remove 8-hydroxydeoxyguanine (8-OHdG), a marker of OS. Human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) is a key enzyme of the BER pathway and catalyzes the removal of 8-OHdG. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between hOGG1 Ser326Cys gene polymorphism and CE in a Chinese population. Five-hundred forty-seven patients who underwent diagnostic coronary angiography in a tertiary medical center were recruited. The angiographic definition of CE is the diameter of the ectatic segment being more than 1.5 times larger compared with an adjacent healthy reference segment. The gene polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction. The urine 8OHdG concentration was measured using a commercial ELISA kit. The distribution of hOGG1 Ser326Cys genotypes was significantly different between CE and non-CE groups (p = 0.033). The odds ratio of CE development for the Ser to the Cys variant was 1.55 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04-2.31, p = 0.033). Both univariate and logistic regression analysis showed a significant association of hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism in the dominant model with CE development (p = 0.009 and 0.011, respectively). Urine 8-OHdG levels were significantly higher in subjects carrying the hOGG1 Ser variant than in those with the Cys/Cys genotype (p < 0.03). In conclusion, our study suggests that the hOGG1 Ser326Cys gene variant might play a role in susceptibility to the development of CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Chao Hsu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Chiao-Ling Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Ho-Ming Su
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Suh-Hang Juo
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Tsung-Hsien Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chol Voon
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Shyi-Jang Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Ter Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Sheng-Hsiung Sheu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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Kidane D, Chae WJ, Czochor J, Eckert KA, Glazer PM, Bothwell ALM, Sweasy JB. Interplay between DNA repair and inflammation, and the link to cancer. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 49:116-39. [PMID: 24410153 DOI: 10.3109/10409238.2013.875514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage and repair are linked to cancer. DNA damage that is induced endogenously or from exogenous sources has the potential to result in mutations and genomic instability if not properly repaired, eventually leading to cancer. Inflammation is also linked to cancer. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONs) produced by inflammatory cells at sites of infection can induce DNA damage. RONs can also amplify inflammatory responses, leading to increased DNA damage. Here, we focus on the links between DNA damage, repair, and inflammation, as they relate to cancer. We examine the interplay between chronic inflammation, DNA damage and repair and review recent findings in this rapidly emerging field, including the links between DNA damage and the innate immune system, and the roles of inflammation in altering the microbiome, which subsequently leads to the induction of DNA damage in the colon. Mouse models of defective DNA repair and inflammatory control are extensively reviewed, including treatment of mouse models with pathogens, which leads to DNA damage. The roles of microRNAs in regulating inflammation and DNA repair are discussed. Importantly, DNA repair and inflammation are linked in many important ways, and in some cases balance each other to maintain homeostasis. The failure to repair DNA damage or to control inflammatory responses has the potential to lead to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawit Kidane
- Departments of Therapeutic Radiology and Genetics
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28
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Abstract
DNA repair mechanisms are critical for maintaining the integrity of genomic DNA, and their loss is associated with cancer predisposition syndromes. Studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have played a central role in elucidating the highly conserved mechanisms that promote eukaryotic genome stability. This review will focus on repair mechanisms that involve excision of a single strand from duplex DNA with the intact, complementary strand serving as a template to fill the resulting gap. These mechanisms are of two general types: those that remove damage from DNA and those that repair errors made during DNA synthesis. The major DNA-damage repair pathways are base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair, which, in the most simple terms, are distinguished by the extent of single-strand DNA removed together with the lesion. Mistakes made by DNA polymerases are corrected by the mismatch repair pathway, which also corrects mismatches generated when single strands of non-identical duplexes are exchanged during homologous recombination. In addition to the true repair pathways, the postreplication repair pathway allows lesions or structural aberrations that block replicative DNA polymerases to be tolerated. There are two bypass mechanisms: an error-free mechanism that involves a switch to an undamaged template for synthesis past the lesion and an error-prone mechanism that utilizes specialized translesion synthesis DNA polymerases to directly synthesize DNA across the lesion. A high level of functional redundancy exists among the pathways that deal with lesions, which minimizes the detrimental effects of endogenous and exogenous DNA damage.
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Xue X, Yin Z, Lu Y, Zhang H, Yan Y, Zhao Y, Li X, Cui Z, Yu M, Yao L, Zhou B. The joint effect of hOGG1, APE1, and ADPRT polymorphisms and cooking oil fumes on the risk of lung adenocarcinoma in Chinese non-smoking females. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71157. [PMID: 23951099 PMCID: PMC3741325 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (hOGG1), apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1), and adenosine diphosphate ribosyl transferase (ADPRT) genes play an important role in the DNA base excision repair pathway. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in critical genes are suspected to be associated with the risk of lung cancer. This study aimed to identify the association between the polymorphisms of hOGG1 Ser326Cys, APE1 Asp148Glu, and ADPRT Val762Ala, and the risk of lung adenocarcinoma in the non-smoking female population, and investigated the interaction between genetic polymorphisms and environmental exposure in lung adenocarcinoma. Methods We performed a hospital-based case-control study, including 410 lung adenocarcinoma patients and 410 cancer-free hospital control subjects who were matched for age. Each case and control was interviewed to collect information by well-trained interviewers. A total of 10 ml of venous blood was collected for genotype testing. Three polymorphisms were analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique. Results We found that individuals who were homozygous for the variant hOGG1 326Cys/Cys showed a significantly increased risk of lung adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.54; 95% CI: 1.01–2.36; P = 0.045). When the combined effect of variant alleles was analyzed, we found an increased OR of 1.89 (95% CI: 1.24–2.88, P = 0.003) for lung adenocarcinoma individuals with more than one homozygous variant allele. In stratified analyses, we found that the OR for the gene-environment interaction between Ser/Cys and Cys/Cys genotypes of hOGG1 codon 326 and cooking oil fumes for the risk of lung adenocarcinoma was 1.37 (95% CI: 0.77–2.44; P = 0.279) and 2.79 (95% CI: 1.50–5.18; P = 0.001), respectively. Conclusions The hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism might be associated with the risk of lung adenocarcinoma in Chinese non-smoking females. Furthermore, there is a significant gene-environment association between cooking oil fumes and hOGG1 326 Cys/Cys genotype in lung adenocarcinoma among female non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Xue
- The Third Center of Laboratory Technology and Experimental Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Zhihua Yin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yao Lu
- The Third Center of Laboratory Technology and Experimental Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shenyang Northern Hospital, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Ying Yan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shenyang Northern Hospital, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Yuxia Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xuelian Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Zeshi Cui
- The Third Center of Laboratory Technology and Experimental Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Miao Yu
- The Third Center of Laboratory Technology and Experimental Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Lu Yao
- The Third Center of Laboratory Technology and Experimental Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Baosen Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, PR China
- * E-mail:
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30
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Tanisawa K, Mikami E, Fuku N, Honda Y, Honda S, Ohsawa I, Ito M, Endo S, Ihara K, Ohno K, Kishimoto Y, Ishigami A, Maruyama N, Sawabe M, Iseki H, Okazaki Y, Hasegawa-Ishii S, Takei S, Shimada A, Hosokawa M, Mori M, Higuchi K, Takeda T, Higuchi M, Tanaka M. Exome sequencing of senescence-accelerated mice (SAM) reveals deleterious mutations in degenerative disease-causing genes. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:248. [PMID: 23586671 PMCID: PMC3637625 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Senescence-accelerated mice (SAM) are a series of mouse strains originally derived from unexpected crosses between AKR/J and unknown mice, from which phenotypically distinct senescence-prone (SAMP) and -resistant (SAMR) inbred strains were subsequently established. Although SAMP strains have been widely used for aging research focusing on their short life spans and various age-related phenotypes, such as immune dysfunction, osteoporosis, and brain atrophy, the responsible gene mutations have not yet been fully elucidated. RESULTS To identify mutations specific to SAMP strains, we performed whole exome sequencing of 6 SAMP and 3 SAMR strains. This analysis revealed 32,019 to 38,925 single-nucleotide variants in the coding region of each SAM strain. We detected Ogg1 p.R304W and Mbd4 p.D129N deleterious mutations in all 6 of the SAMP strains but not in the SAMR or AKR/J strains. Moreover, we extracted 31 SAMP-specific novel deleterious mutations. In all SAMP strains except SAMP8, we detected a p.R473W missense mutation in the Ldb3 gene, which has been associated with myofibrillar myopathy. In 3 SAMP strains (SAMP3, SAMP10, and SAMP11), we identified a p.R167C missense mutation in the Prx gene, in which mutations causing hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy (Dejerine-Sottas syndrome) have been identified. In SAMP6 we detected a p.S540fs frame-shift mutation in the Il4ra gene, a mutation potentially causative of ulcerative colitis and osteoporosis. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that different combinations of mutations in disease-causing genes may be responsible for the various phenotypes of SAMP strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumpei Tanisawa
- Department of Genomics for Longevity and Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Tokyo, Itabashi, 173-0015, Japan
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, 359-1192, Japan
| | - Eri Mikami
- Department of Genomics for Longevity and Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Tokyo, Itabashi, 173-0015, Japan
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, 359-1192, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, 102-8472, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Fuku
- Department of Genomics for Longevity and Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Tokyo, Itabashi, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Yoko Honda
- Department of Genomics for Longevity and Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Tokyo, Itabashi, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Shuji Honda
- Department of Genomics for Longevity and Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Tokyo, Itabashi, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Ikuro Ohsawa
- Department of Biological Process of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ito
- Department of Molecular Gerontology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Shogo Endo
- Aging Regulation Research Team, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Kunio Ihara
- Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Kinji Ohno
- Department of Neurogenetics and Bioinformatics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuki Kishimoto
- Department of Aging Regulation, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Akihito Ishigami
- Department of Aging Regulation, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Naoki Maruyama
- Department of Aging Regulation, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Motoji Sawabe
- Department of Pathology and Bioresource Center for Geriatric Research, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 1730015, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Iseki
- Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, 350-1241, Japan
| | - Yasushi Okazaki
- Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Hidaka, 350-1241, Japan
| | - Sanae Hasegawa-Ishii
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, 480-0392, Japan
| | - Shiro Takei
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, 480-0392, Japan
| | - Atsuyoshi Shimada
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, 480-0392, Japan
| | - Masanori Hosokawa
- Department of Pathology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Human Service Center, Kasugai, 480-0392, Japan
| | - Masayuki Mori
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute on Aging and Adaptation, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Keiichi Higuchi
- Department of Aging Biology, Institute on Aging and Adaptation, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Toshio Takeda
- The Council for SAM Research, Kyoto, 604-8856, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Higuchi
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, 359-1192, Japan
| | - Masashi Tanaka
- Department of Genomics for Longevity and Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-cho, Tokyo, Itabashi, 173-0015, Japan
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Abedin Z, Louis-Juste M, Stangl M, Field J. The role of base excision repair genes OGG1, APN1 and APN2 in benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dione induced p53 mutagenesis. Mutat Res 2013; 750:121-8. [PMID: 23117049 PMCID: PMC3931135 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2012.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is primarily caused by exposure to tobacco smoke. Tobacco smoke contains numerous carcinogens, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The most common PAH studied is benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). B[a]P is metabolically activated through multiple routes, one of which is catalyzed by aldo-keto reductase (AKR) to B[a]P-7,8-dione (BPQ). BPQ undergoes a futile redox cycle in the presence of NADPH to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS, in turn, damages DNA. Studies with a yeast p53 mutagenesis system found that the generation of ROS by PAH o-quinones may contribute to lung carcinogenesis because of similarities between the patterns (types of mutations) and spectra (location of mutations) and those seen in lung cancer. The patterns were dominated by G to T transversions, and the spectra in the experimental system have mutations at lung cancer hotspots. To address repair mechanisms that are responsible for BPQ induced damage we observed the effect of mutating two DNA repair genes OGG1 and APE1 (APN1 in yeast) and tested them in a yeast reporter system for p53 mutagenesis. There was an increase in both the mutant frequency and the number of G:C/T:A transversions in p53 treated with BPQ in ogg1 yeast but not in apn1 yeast. Knocking out APN2 increased mutagenesis in the apn1 cells. In addition, we did not find a strand bias on p53 treated with BPQ in ogg1 yeast. These studies suggest that Ogg1 is involved in repairing the oxidative damage caused by BPQ, Apn1 and Apn2 have redundant functions and that the stand bias seen in lung cancer may not be due to impaired repair of oxidative lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahidur Abedin
- Department of Pharmacology, Centers for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Cancer Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6084, USA
| | - Melissa Louis-Juste
- Department of Pharmacology, Centers for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Cancer Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6084, USA
| | - Melissa Stangl
- Department of Pharmacology, Centers for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Cancer Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6084, USA
| | - Jeffrey Field
- Department of Pharmacology, Centers for Excellence in Environmental Toxicology and Cancer Pharmacology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6084, USA
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Alexander MP, Begins KJ, Crall WC, Holmes MP, Lippert MJ. High levels of transcription stimulate transversions at GC base pairs in yeast. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2013; 54:44-53. [PMID: 23055242 PMCID: PMC5013542 DOI: 10.1002/em.21740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2012] [Revised: 08/18/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
High-levels of transcription through a gene stimulate spontaneous mutation rate, a phenomenon termed transcription-associated mutation (TAM). While transcriptional effects on specific mutation classes have been identified using forward mutation and frameshift-reversion assays, little is yet known about transcription-associated base substitutions in yeast. To address this issue, we developed a new base substitution reversion assay (the lys2-TAG allele). We report a 22-fold increase in overall reversion rate in the high- relative to the low-transcription strain (from 2.1- to 47- × 10(-9) ). While all detectable base substitution types increased in the high-transcription strain, G→T and G→C transversions increased disproportionately by 58- and 52-fold, respectively. To assess a potential role of DNA damage in the TAM events, we measured mutation rates and spectra in individual strains defective in the repair of specific DNA lesions or null for the error-prone translesion DNA polymerase zeta (Pol zeta). Results exclude a role of 8-oxoGuanine, general oxidative damage, or apurinic/apyrimidinic sites in the generation of TAM G→T and G→C transversions. In contrast, the TAM transversions at GC base pairs depend on Pol zeta for occurrence implicating DNA damage, other than oxidative lesions or AP sites, in the TAM mechanism. Results further indicate that transcription-dependent G→T transversions in yeast differ mechanistically from equivalent events in E. coli reported by others. Given their occurrences in repair-proficient cells, transcription-associated G→T and G→C events represent a novel type of transcription-associated mutagenesis in normal cells with potentially important implications for evolution and genetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Malcolm J. Lippert
- Correspondence to: Malcolm J. Lippert, Saint Michael's College, Biology Department, Box 283, 1 Winooski Park, Colchester, VT 05439, USA.
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Sampath H, Vartanian V, Rollins MR, Sakumi K, Nakabeppu Y, Lloyd RS. 8-Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) deficiency increases susceptibility to obesity and metabolic dysfunction. PLoS One 2012; 7:e51697. [PMID: 23284747 PMCID: PMC3524114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0051697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage to DNA is mainly repaired via base excision repair, a pathway that is catalyzed by DNA glycosylases such as 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1). While OGG1 has been implicated in maintaining genomic integrity and preventing tumorigenesis, we report a novel role for OGG1 in altering cellular and whole body energy homeostasis. OGG1-deficient (Ogg1(-/-)) mice have increased adiposity and hepatic steatosis following exposure to a high-fat diet (HFD), compared to wild-type (WT) animals. Ogg1(-/-) animals also have higher plasma insulin levels and impaired glucose tolerance upon HFD feeding, relative to WT counterparts. Analysis of energy expenditure revealed that HFD-fed Ogg1(-/-) mice have a higher resting VCO(2) and consequently, an increased respiratory quotient during the resting phase, indicating a preference for carbohydrate metabolism over fat oxidation in these mice. Additionally, microarray and quantitative PCR analyses revealed that key genes of fatty acid oxidation, including carnitine palmitoyl transferase-1, and the integral transcriptional co-activator Pgc-1α were significantly downregulated in Ogg1(-/-) livers. Multiple genes involved in TCA cycle metabolism were also significantly reduced in livers of Ogg1(-/-) mice. Furthermore, hepatic glycogen stores were diminished, and fasting plasma ketones were significantly reduced in Ogg1(-/-) mice. Collectively, these data indicate that OGG1 deficiency alters cellular substrate metabolism, favoring a fat sparing phenotype, that results in increased susceptibility to obesity and related pathologies in Ogg1(-/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Sampath
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Vladimir Vartanian
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - M. Rick Rollins
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Kunihiko Sakumi
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, and Research Center for Nucleotide Pool, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yusaku Nakabeppu
- Division of Neurofunctional Genomics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, and Research Center for Nucleotide Pool, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail: (YN); (RSL)
| | - R. Stephen Lloyd
- Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail: (YN); (RSL)
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Kraszewska J, Garbacz M, Jonczyk P, Fijalkowska IJ, Jaszczur M. Defect of Dpb2p, a noncatalytic subunit of DNA polymerase ɛ, promotes error prone replication of undamaged chromosomal DNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutat Res 2012; 737:34-42. [PMID: 22709919 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae DNA polymerase epsilon holoenzyme (Pol ɛ HE) is composed of four subunits: Pol2p, Dpb2p, Dpb3p and Dpb4p. The biological functions of Pol2p, the catalytic subunit of Pol ɛ, are subject of active investigation, while the role of the other three, noncatalytic subunits, is not well defined. We showed previously that mutations in Dpb2p, a noncatalytic but essential subunit of Pol ɛ HE, influence the fidelity of DNA replication in yeast cells. The strength of the mutator phenotype due to the different dpb2 alleles was inversely proportional to the strength of protein-protein interactions between Pol2p and the mutated forms of Dpb2p. To understand better the mechanisms of the contribution of Dpb2p to the controlling of the level of spontaneous mutagenesis we undertook here a further genetic analysis of the mutator phenotype observed in dpb2 mutants. We demonstrate that the presence of mutated forms of Dpb2p in the cell not only influences the intrinsic fidelity of Pol ɛ but also facilitates more frequent participation of error-prone DNA polymerase zeta (Pol ζ) in DNA replication. The obtained results suggest that the structural integrity of Pol ɛ HE is a crucial contributor to accurate chromosomal DNA replication and, when compromised, favors participation of error prone DNA Pol ζ in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kraszewska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Furtado C, Kunrath-Lima M, Rajão MA, Mendes IC, de Moura MB, Campos PC, Macedo AM, Franco GR, Pena SDJ, Teixeira SMR, Van Houten B, Machado CR. Functional characterization of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase of Trypanosoma cruzi. PLoS One 2012; 7:e42484. [PMID: 22876325 PMCID: PMC3411635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidative lesion 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) is removed during base excision repair by the 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (Ogg1). This lesion can erroneously pair with adenine, and the excision of this damaged base by Ogg1 enables the insertion of a guanine and prevents DNA mutation. In this report, we identified and characterized Ogg1 from the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (TcOgg1), the causative agent of Chagas disease. Like most living organisms, T. cruzi is susceptible to oxidative stress, hence DNA repair is essential for its survival and improvement of infection. We verified that the TcOGG1 gene encodes an 8-oxoG DNA glycosylase by complementing an Ogg1-defective Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. Heterologous expression of TcOGG1 reestablished the mutation frequency of the yeast mutant ogg1(-/-) (CD138) to wild type levels. We also demonstrate that the overexpression of TcOGG1 increases T. cruzi sensitivity to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). Analysis of DNA lesions using quantitative PCR suggests that the increased susceptibility to H(2)O(2) of TcOGG1-overexpressor could be a consequence of uncoupled BER in abasic sites and/or strand breaks generated after TcOgg1 removes 8-oxoG, which are not rapidly repaired by the subsequent BER enzymes. This hypothesis is supported by the observation that TcOGG1-overexpressors have reduced levels of 8-oxoG both in the nucleus and in the parasite mitochondrion. The localization of TcOgg1 was examined in parasite transfected with a TcOgg1-GFP fusion, which confirmed that this enzyme is in both organelles. Taken together, our data indicate that T. cruzi has a functional Ogg1 ortholog that participates in nuclear and mitochondrial BER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Furtado
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marianna Kunrath-Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Matheus Andrade Rajão
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Isabela Cecília Mendes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Michelle Barbi de Moura
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Priscila Carneiro Campos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Andrea Mara Macedo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Glória Regina Franco
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Danilo Junho Pena
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Santuza Maria Ribeiro Teixeira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bennett Van Houten
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and the University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Carlos Renato Machado
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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36
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Kozhina TN, Korolev VG. RAD18 gene product of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae controls mutagenesis induced by hydrogen peroxide. RUSS J GENET+ 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795412010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sampath H, McCullough AK, Lloyd RS. Regulation of DNA glycosylases and their role in limiting disease. Free Radic Res 2012; 46:460-78. [PMID: 22300253 DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2012.655730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
This review will present a current understanding of mechanisms for the initiation of base excision repair (BER) of oxidatively-induced DNA damage and the biological consequences of deficiencies in these enzymes in mouse model systems and human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harini Sampath
- Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Portland, Oregon 97239 - 3098, USA
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Reduced expression of DNA repair genes (XRCC1, XPD, and OGG1) in squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck in North India. Tumour Biol 2011; 33:111-9. [PMID: 22081374 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-011-0253-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN) is the sixth most common cancer globally, and in India, it accounts for 30% of all cancer cases. Epidemiological studies have shown a positive association between defective DNA repair capacity and SCCHN. The underlying mechanism of their involvement is not well understood. In the present study, we have analyzed the relationship between SCCHN and the expression of DNA repair genes namely X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1), xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD), and 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) in 75 SCCHN cases and equal number of matched healthy controls. Additionally, levels of DNA adduct [8-hydroxyguanine (8-OHdG)] in 45 SCCHN cases and 45 healthy controls were also determined, to ascertain a link between mRNA expression of these three genes and DNA adducts. The relative expression of XRCC1, XPD, and OGG1 in head and neck cancer patients was found to be significantly low as compared to controls. The percent difference of mean relative expression between cases and controls demonstrated maximum lowering in OGG1 (47.3%) > XPD (30.7%) > XRCC1 (25.2%). A negative Spearmen correlation between XRCC1 vs. 8-OHdG in cases was observed. In multivariate logistic regression analysis (adjusting for age, gender, smoking status, and alcohol use), low expression of XRCC1, XPD, and OGG1 was associated with a statistically significant increased risk of SCCHN [crude odds ratios (ORs) (95%CI) OR 2.10; (1.06-4.17), OR 2.76; (1.39-5.49), and 5.24 (2.38-11.52), respectively]. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that reduced expression of XRCC1, XPD, and OGG1 is associated with more than twofold increased risk in SCCHN.
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DNA glycosylases: in DNA repair and beyond. Chromosoma 2011; 121:1-20. [PMID: 22048164 PMCID: PMC3260424 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-011-0347-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The base excision repair machinery protects DNA in cells from the damaging effects of oxidation, alkylation, and deamination; it is specialized to fix single-base damage in the form of small chemical modifications. Base modifications can be mutagenic and/or cytotoxic, depending on how they interfere with the template function of the DNA during replication and transcription. DNA glycosylases play a key role in the elimination of such DNA lesions; they recognize and excise damaged bases, thereby initiating a repair process that restores the regular DNA structure with high accuracy. All glycosylases share a common mode of action for damage recognition; they flip bases out of the DNA helix into a selective active site pocket, the architecture of which permits a sensitive detection of even minor base irregularities. Within the past few years, it has become clear that nature has exploited this ability to read the chemical structure of DNA bases for purposes other than canonical DNA repair. DNA glycosylases have been brought into context with molecular processes relating to innate and adaptive immunity as well as to the control of DNA methylation and epigenetic stability. Here, we summarize the key structural and mechanistic features of DNA glycosylases with a special focus on the mammalian enzymes, and then review the evidence for the newly emerging biological functions beyond the protection of genome integrity.
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Kumar A, Pant MC, Singh HS, Khandelwal S. Role of OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism and 8-oxoguanine DNA damage in risk assessment of squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck in North Indian population. Mutat Res 2011; 726:227-33. [PMID: 21986195 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/25/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (SCCHN), one of the leading cancers worldwide, is most prevalent in Indian sub-continent. The major risk factors involved are smoking and consumption of alcohol, since they provide high free radical generating environment. We studied 8-oxoguanine DNA-glycosylase (OGG1) Ser326Cys polymorphism in 278 SCCHN cases and 278 matched controls by PCR-RFLP and observed that the variant genotype Ser/Cys exhibited an enhanced risk of ∼1.7 folds (OR=1.71, 95% CI=1.20-2.93) and Cys/Cys ∼2.5 folds (OR=2.55, 95% CI=1.29-5.00). Furthermore, we found a significant increase in salivary cell 8-OHdG with respect to Ser/Cys and Cys/Cys genotypes of OGG1 in SCCHN cases, when compared to Ser/Ser and Ser/Cys genotypes of the control population. Our results demonstrate that Ser326Cys variant genotype is associated with an increased risk of SCCHN in north India. Ser326Cys variant genotype was found to accumulate more of 8-OHdG, which may serve as a biomarker for early diagnosis of SCCHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
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Koltai E, Zhao Z, Lacza Z, Cselenyak A, Vacz G, Nyakas C, Boldogh I, Ichinoseki-Sekine N, Radak Z. Combined exercise and insulin-like growth factor-1 supplementation induces neurogenesis in old rats, but do not attenuate age-associated DNA damage. Rejuvenation Res 2011; 14:585-96. [PMID: 21867412 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2011.1178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the effects of 2 weeks of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) supplementation (5 μg/kg per day) and 6 weeks of exercise training (60% of the maximal oxygen consumption [VO₂ max]) on neurogenesis, DNA damage/repair, and sirtuin content in the hippocampus of young (3 months old) and old (26 months old) rats. Exercise improved the spatial memory of the old group, but IGF-1 supplementation eliminated this effect. An age-associated decrease in neurogenesis was attenuated by exercise and IGF-1 treatment. Aging increased the levels of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG) and the protein Ku70, indicating the role of DNA damage in age-related neuropathology. Acetylation of 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1) was detected in vivo, and this decreased with aging. However, in young animals, exercise and IGF-1 treatment increased acetylated (ac) OGG1 levels. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and SIRT3, as DNA damage-associated lysine deacetylases, were measured, and SIRT1 decreased with aging, resulting in a large increase in acetylated lysine residues in the hippocampus. On the other hand, SIRT3 increased with aging. Exercise-induced neurogenesis might not be a causative factor of increased spatial memory, because IGF-1 plus exercise can induce neurogenesis in the hippocampus of older rats. Data revealed that the age-associated increase in 8-oxoG levels is due to decreased acetylation of OGG1. Age-associated decreases in SIRT1 and the associated increase in lysine acetylation, in the hippocampus, could have significant impact on function and thus, could suggest a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Koltai
- Semmelweis University , Research Institute of Sport Science, Budapest, Hungary
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Abstract
Aerobic life requires organisms to resist the damaging effects of ROS (reactive oxygen species), particularly during stress. Extensive research has established a detailed picture of how cells respond to oxidative stress. Attention is now focusing on identifying the key molecular targets of ROS, which cause killing when resistance is overwhelmed. Experimental criteria used to establish such targets have differing merits. Depending on the nature of the stress, ROS cause loss of essential cellular functions or gain of toxic functions. Essential targets on which life pivots during ROS stress include membrane lipid integrity and activity of ROS-susceptible proteins, including proteins required for faithful translation of mRNA. Protein oxidation also triggers accumulation of toxic protein aggregates or induction of apoptotic cell death. This burgeoning understanding of the principal ROS targets will offer new possibilities for therapy of ROS related diseases.
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Zhang M, Zhang C, Li J, Hanna M, Zhang X, Dai H, Xiao W. Inactivation of YAP1 enhances sensitivity of the yeast RNR3-lacZ genotoxicity testing system to a broad range of DNA-damaging agents. Toxicol Sci 2010; 120:310-21. [PMID: 21205635 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the great advances by using microorganism-based genotoxicity testing systems to assess environmental genotoxic compounds, most of them respond poorly, particularly to oxidative agents. In this study, we systematically examined the RNR3-lacZ reporter gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant strains defective in the protection against reactive oxygen species and found that only YAP1 deletion resulted in a significant enhancement in the detection of oxidative damage. To our surprise, YAP1 deletion also caused an increased cellular sensitivity to a variety of DNA damage. This altered sensitivity appears to be independent of oxidative damage because under conditions in which vitamin C treatment rescued oxidative damage, it failed to reverse the phenotypes caused by other types of DNA damage. Furthermore, although inactivation of cell permeability genes enhanced the RNR3-lacZ detection sensitivity particularly to large molecular weight compounds, their effects on small molecular oxidative agents are minimal. Taken together, this study helps to create a hypersensitive genotoxicity testing system to a broad range of DNA-damaging agents by deleting a single yeast gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
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44
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Wang CL, Lin TH, Lin HY, Sheu SH, Yu ML, Hsiao PJ, Lin KD, Hsu C, Yang YH, Shin SJ. The 8-oxoguanine glycosylase I (hOGG1) Ser326Cys variant affects the susceptibility to multi-vessel disease in Taiwan coronary artery disease patients. Thromb Res 2010; 126:319-323. [PMID: 20667409 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2010.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Revised: 06/20/2010] [Accepted: 06/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, the key lesion of oxidative DNA damage, contributes to the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). In humans, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine is repaired by the enzyme 8-oxoguanine glycosylase I (hOGG1). We investigated the association between the hOGG1 Ser(326)Cys polymorphism and the presence and the severity of CAD in a Taiwan population. Genotypes of the hOGG1 Ser(326)Cys polymorphism were determined from 1397 participants enrolled in this study (378 CAD patients and 1019 controls). CAD severity was indicated both by number of vessels affected (single-vessel disease, SVD vs. multi-vessel disease, MVD), and by individual diffuse score. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine genotype, using allele-specific TaqMan probes. We found that presence of the hOGG1 Ser(326)Cys polymorphism was associated with a significantly increased risk of CAD and multi-vessel disease when assuming a dominant model of inheritance (OR: 1.52 [95%:1.082~2.133], p=0.015; OR: 2.26 [95%:1.232~4.156], p=0.007). This result was confirmed by multivariate analysis, after adjustment for age, gender, body-mass index, diabetes hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and smoking (OR: 1.78 [95%:1.127~2.806], p<0.005; OR: 2.44 [95%:1.276~4.651], p<0.001). In the present study, hOGG1 Ser(326)Cys polymorphism is a novel genetic marker to be independently associated with the development and severity of CAD in Taiwanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Ling Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan, ROC
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Krupa R, Sobczuk A, Popławski T, Wozniak K, Blasiak J. DNA damage and repair in endometrial cancer in correlation with the hOGG1 and RAD51 genes polymorphism. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 38:1163-70. [PMID: 20602259 PMCID: PMC3024515 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0214-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The cellular reaction to the DNA-damaging agents may modulate individual's cancer susceptibility. This reaction is mainly determined by the efficacy of DNA repair, which in turn, may be influenced by the variability of DNA repair genes, expressed by their polymorphism. The hOGG1 gene encodes a glycosylase of base excision repair and RAD51 specifies a key protein in homologues recombination repair. Both proteins can be involved in the repair of DNA lesions, which are known to contribute to endometrial cancer. In the present work we determined the extent of basal DNA damage and the efficacy of removal of DNA damage induced by hydrogen peroxide and N-methyl-N'-nitro N-nitrosoguanidyne (MNNG) in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 30 endometrial cancer patients and 30 individuals without cancer. The results from DNA damage and repair study were correlated with the genotypes of two common polymorphisms of the hOGG1 and RAD51 genes: a G>C transversion at 1245 position of the hOGG1 gene producing a Ser → Cys substitution at the codon 326 (the Ser326Cys polymorphism) and a G>C substitution at 135 position of the RAD51 gene (the 135G>C polymorphism). DNA damage and repair were evaluated by alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis and genotypes were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism PCR. We observed a strong association between endometrial cancer and the C/C genotype of the 135G>C polymorphism of the RAD51 gene. Moreover, there was a strong correlation between that genotype and endometrial cancer occurrence in subjects with a high level of basal DNA damage. We did not observe any correlation between the Ser326Cys polymorphism of the hOGG1 gene and endometrial cancer. Our result suggest that the 135G>C polymorphism of the RAD51 gene may be linked to endometrial cancer and can be considered as an additional marker of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Krupa
- Laboratory of DNA Repair, Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
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Pinto AV, Deodato EL, Cardoso JS, Oliveira EF, Machado SL, Toma HK, Leitão AC, de Pádula M. Enzymatic recognition of DNA damage induced by UVB-photosensitized titanium dioxide and biological consequences in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: evidence for oxidatively DNA damage generation. Mutat Res 2010; 688:3-11. [PMID: 20167226 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) has been considered to be biologically inert, finding use in cosmetics, paints and food colorants, recent reports have demonstrated that when TiO(2) is attained by UVA radiation oxidative genotoxic and cytotoxic effects are observed in living cells. However, data concerning TiO(2)-UVB association is poor, even if UVB radiation represents a major environmental carcinogen. Herein, we investigated DNA damage, repair and mutagenesis induced by TiO(2) associated with UVB irradiation in vitro and in vivo using Saccharomyces cerevisiae model. It was found that TiO(2) plus UVB treatment in plasmid pUC18 generated, in addition to cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), specific damage to guanine residues, such as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG) and 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyG), which are characteristic oxidatively generated lesions. In vivo experiments showed that, although the presence of TiO(2) protects yeast cells from UVB cytotoxicity, high mutation frequencies are observed in the wild-type (WT) and in an ogg1 strain (deficient in 8-oxoG and FapyG repair). Indeed, after TiO(2) plus UVB treatment, induced mutagenesis was drastically enhanced in ogg1 cells, indicating that mutagenic DNA lesions are repaired by the Ogg1 protein. This effect could be attenuated by the presence of metallic ion chelators: neocuproine or dipyridyl, which partially block oxidatively generated damage occurring via Fenton reactions. Altogether, the results indicate that TiO(2) plus UVB potentates UVB oxidatively generated damage to DNA, possibly via Fenton reactions involving the production of DNA base damage, such as 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Viviana Pinto
- Laboratório de Diagnóstico Molecular e Hematologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Centro de Ciências da Saúde - Ilha do Fundão, CEP 21941-540, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Hildrestrand GA, Duggal S, Bjørås M, Luna L, Brinchmann JE. Modulation of DNA glycosylase activities in mesenchymal stem cells. Exp Cell Res 2009; 315:2558-67. [PMID: 19477173 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 04/28/2009] [Accepted: 05/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adipose-tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (AT-MSCs) are a promising tool for use in cell-based therapies. However, in vitro expansion is required to obtain clinically relevant cell numbers, and this might increase the chance of genomic instability. DNA repair is crucial for maintaining DNA integrity. Here we have compared the initial step of base excision repair in uncultured and cultured AT-MSCs by analysis of base removal activities and expression levels of relevant DNA glycosylases. Uracil, 5-hydroxyuracil and ethenoadenine removal activities were upregulated in cultured cells compared to uncultured cells. In contrast, both the 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (8-oxoG) removal activity and the concentration of 8-oxoG bases in the DNA were reduced in the cultured cells. Gene expression analysis showed no substantial changes in mRNA expression. The glycosylase activities remained stable through at least 12 passages, suggesting that DNA repair is proficient through the period required for in vitro expansion of AT-MSCs to clinically relevant numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunn A Hildrestrand
- Centre for Molecular Biology and Neuroscience and Institute of Medical Microbiology, Rikshospitalet University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Burkovics P, Hajdú I, Szukacsov V, Unk I, Haracska L. Role of PCNA-dependent stimulation of 3'-phosphodiesterase and 3'-5' exonuclease activities of human Ape2 in repair of oxidative DNA damage. Nucleic Acids Res 2009; 37:4247-55. [PMID: 19443450 PMCID: PMC2715233 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkp357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Ape2 protein has 3' phosphodiesterase activity for processing 3'-damaged DNA termini, 3'-5' exonuclease activity that supports removal of mismatched nucleotides from the 3'-end of DNA, and a somewhat weak AP-endonuclease activity. However, very little is known about the role of Ape2 in DNA repair processes. Here, we examine the effect of interaction of Ape2 with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) on its enzymatic activities and on targeting Ape2 to oxidative DNA lesions. We show that PCNA strongly stimulates the 3'-5' exonuclease and 3' phosphodiesterase activities of Ape2, but has no effect on its AP-endonuclease activity. Moreover, we find that upon hydrogen-peroxide treatment Ape2 redistributes to nuclear foci where it colocalizes with PCNA. In concert with these results, we provide biochemical evidence that Ape2 can reduce the mutagenic consequences of attack by reactive oxygen species not only by repairing 3'-damaged termini but also by removing 3'-end adenine opposite from 8-oxoG. Based on these findings we suggest the involvement of Ape2 in repair of oxidative DNA damage and PCNA-dependent repair synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Burkovics
- Institute of Genetics, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged H-6701, Hungary
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Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA is thought to be especially prone to oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species generated through electron transport during cellular respiration. This damage is mitigated primarily by the base excision repair (BER) pathway, one of the few DNA repair pathways with confirmed activity on mitochondrial DNA. Through genetic epistasis analysis of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we examined the genetic interaction between each of the BER proteins previously shown to localize to the mitochondria. In addition, we describe a series of genetic interactions between BER components and the MutS homolog MSH1, a respiration-essential gene. We show that, in addition to their variable effects on mitochondrial function, mutant msh1 alleles conferring partial function interact genetically at different points in mitochondrial BER. In addition to this separation of function, we also found that the role of Msh1p in BER is unlikely to be involved in the avoidance of large-scale deletions and rearrangements.
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Bravard A, Vacher M, Moritz E, Vaslin L, Hall J, Epe B, Radicella JP. Oxidation status of human OGG1-S326C polymorphic variant determines cellular DNA repair capacity. Cancer Res 2009; 69:3642-9. [PMID: 19351836 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-3943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The hOGG1 gene encodes the DNA glycosylase that removes the mutagenic lesion 7,8-dihyro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) from DNA. A frequently found polymorphism resulting in a serine to cysteine substitution at position 326 of the OGG1 protein has been associated in several molecular epidemiologic studies with cancer development. To investigate whether the variant allele encodes a protein with altered OGG1 function, we compared the 8-oxoG repair activity, both in vivo and in cell extracts, of lymphoblastoid cell lines established from individuals carrying either Ser/Ser or Cys/Cys genotypes. We show that cells homozygous for the Cys variant display increased genetic instability and reduced in vivo 8-oxoG repair rates. Consistently, their extracts have an almost 2-fold lower basal 8-oxoG DNA glycosylase activity when compared with the Ser variant. Treatment with reducing agents of either the Cys variant cells directly or of protein extracts from these cells increases the repair capacity to the level of the Ser variant, whereas it does not affect the activity in cells or extracts from the latter. Furthermore, the DNA glycosylase activity of cells carrying the Cys/Cys alleles is more sensitive to inactivation by oxidizing agents when compared with that of the Ser/Ser cells. Analysis of the redox status of the OGG1 protein in the cells confirms that the lower activity of OGG1-Cys326 is associated with the oxidation of Cys326 to form a disulfide bond. Our findings support the idea that individuals homozygous for the OGG1-Cys variant could more readily accumulate mutations under conditions of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Bravard
- CEA, Institut de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, UMR217 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/CEA, Fontenay aux Roses, France
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