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Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Ghasemi A. Adipose organ dysfunction and type 2 diabetes: Role of nitric oxide. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 221:116043. [PMID: 38325496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Adipose organ, historically known as specialized lipid-handling tissue serving as the long-term fat depot, is now appreciated as the largest endocrine organ composed of two main compartments, i.e., subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (AT), madding up white and beige/brown adipocytes. Adipose organ dysfunction manifested as maldistribution of the compartments, hypertrophic, hypoxic, inflamed, and insulin-resistant AT, contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we highlight the role of nitric oxide (NO·) in AT (dys)function in relation to developing T2D. The key aspects determining lipid and glucose homeostasis in AT depend on the physiological levels of the NO· produced via endothelial NO· synthases (eNOS). In addition to decreased NO· bioavailability (via decreased expression/activity of eNOS or scavenging NO·), excessive NO· produced by inducible NOS (iNOS) in response to hypoxia and AT inflammation may be a critical interfering factor diverting NO· signaling to the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, resulting in AT and whole-body metabolic dysfunction. Pharmacological approaches boosting AT-NO· availability at physiological levels (by increasing NO· production and its stability), as well as suppression of iNOS-NO· synthesis, are potential candidates for developing NO·-based therapeutics in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Ren D, Wang Q, Yang Y, Hu Y, Song Y, He Y, Liu S, Wu L. Hypolipidemic effects of fucoidan fractions from Saccharina sculpera (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae). Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:188-195. [PMID: 31381913 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fucoidan is a kind of brown algae-derived macromolecule suggested to have hypolipidemic activity. Saccharina sculpera has attracted interest because it is rich in fucoidan. The monosaccharide composition and structural characteristics of isolated fractions (F1, F2 and F3) were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The hypolipidemic effects of fucoidan fractions from Saccharina sculpera cultured in northern China were clarified by measuring cholesterol levels, antioxidative indicators and hepatic gene mRNA expression using an established hyperlipidemic Wistar rat model. The results showed that F1 is an acetylated galactofucan and that F2 consists of fucose, galactose, mannose and glucuronic acid. F3 is an acetylated galactofucan with high fucose. Fucoidan fractions from Saccharina sculpera could effectively reduce the level of lipids in serum by reducing the TG, TC, and LDL-C levels and increasing HDL-C levels and could effectively prevent lipid accumulation in the liver. The findings obtained from hepatic gene expression showed that fucoidan could inhibit cholesterol synthesis via downregulation of HMG-CoA-R and upregulation of LCAT, slow the synthesis of fatty acids via downregulation of SREBP-1c, and promote β-oxidation of fatty acids via upregulation of PPARα, PPARγ and LPL. These results demonstrated that the hypolipidemic activity of fucoidan was related to the inhibition of cholesterol synthesis and reverse transport, the regulation of fatty acid synthesis, and acceleration of mitochondrial β-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Ren
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, PR China; National Research and Development Branch, Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian 116023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Qiukuan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, PR China; National Research and Development Branch, Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian 116023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, PR China.
| | - Ying Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, PR China; National Research and Development Branch, Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian 116023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yue Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, PR China; National Research and Development Branch, Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian 116023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yuefan Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, PR China; National Research and Development Branch, Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian 116023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Yunhai He
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, PR China; National Research and Development Branch, Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian 116023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Shu Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, PR China; National Research and Development Branch, Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian 116023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, PR China
| | - Long Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, PR China; National Research and Development Branch, Center for Seaweed Processing, Dalian 116023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian 116023, PR China
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Alinaghian N, Abdollahi E, Torab M, Khodaparast M, Zamani F, Rahimi-Moghaddam P. Gender-related relation between metabolic syndrome and S447X and HindIII polymorphisms of lipoprotein lipase gene in northern Iran. Gene 2019; 706:13-18. [PMID: 31034941 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of conditions that increase risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Among genetic factors that contributed to incidence of metabolic syndrome, Polymorphisms of Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) are major candidates especially because of their effect on obesity and dyslipidemia. S447X (rs328) and Hind III (rs320) Polymorphisms of LPL gene have been reported to change LPL activity, resulting in altered triglyceride (TG) and high density lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. This study investigates the effects of these gene polymorphisms on factors affecting metabolic syndrome in northern population of Iran. METHODS Studied population included 223 adults consisting 90 women and 133 men with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2 as obese subjects, and 156 healthy participants as a control group with BMI <25 that included 68 women and 88 men. All factors causing metabolic syndrome were evaluated. Also DNA was extracted from blood samples and HindIII and S447X LPL gene polymorphisms were screened by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method (PCR-RFLP). CONCLUSIONS The present study proves that some genotypes of S447X were associated with a reduced risk of developing low HDL-C only in men, while the protective effects of HindIII on hypertriglyceridemia were only seen in women [corrected]. The point is that this relation is affected by the weight profile of the participants. It can be concluded that there is a gender-related relation between the polymorphisms of LPL gene and the risk factors for incidence of metabolic syndrome in the northern population of Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Alinaghian
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Abdollahi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Torab
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maral Khodaparast
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Zamani
- Gastrointestinal & Liver Disease Research Center, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Cao L, Li Q, Chen X. The HindIII and PvuII polymorphisms of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene reduce the risk of ischemic stroke (IS): A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e0483. [PMID: 29718838 PMCID: PMC6392787 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000010483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) polymorphisms were suggested to be the risk factor for ischemic stroke (IS). However, controversial results were obtained. Our objective was to investigate the association of LPL polymorphisms at Ser447Ter, HindIII (+/-), and PvuII (+/-) with IS risk. METHODS Literatures search were carried out on databases: PubMed, Web of science, the Cochrane database of system reviews, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Embase. Pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated to detect the relationship between LPL polymorphisms and the risk of IS. RESULTS No significant association was detected between LPL Ser447Ter and IS in allelic, dominant, or recessive models (P > .05). Significant lower frequencies of allelic and dominant models of LPL HindIII (+/-) and PvuII (+/-) in cases were detected (HindIII (+/-): allelic model: P = .0002, OR[95%CI] = 0.80 [0.71, 0.90]; dominant model: P = 0.003, OR[95%CI] = 0.80 [0.69, 0.92]; PvuII (+/-): allelic model: P < 0.0001, OR[95%CI] = 0.75[0.65-0.86]; dominant model: P = 0.02, OR[95%CI] = 0.67[0.48-0.93]). And the recessive model of PvuII (+/-) was significantly associated with the IS risk (P = .01, OR[95%CI] = .71[0.55-0.93]). Subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity showed that the frequencies of allelic, dominant, and recessive models of HindIII (+/-), as well as dominant model of PvuII (+/-) were significant lower in Asian cases (HindIII (+/-): allelic model: P < .00001, OR[95%CI] = 0.69 [0.59, 0.79]; dominant model: P < .0001, OR[95%CI] = 0.69 [0.58, 0.83]; recessive model: P = .005, OR[95%CI] = 0.66 [0.50, 0.89]; PvuII (+/-): dominant model: P = .0008, OR[95%CI] = 0.66 [0.51-0.84]), but not in Caucasian cases (P > .05). In addition, the frequencies of allelic and recessive models of PvuII (+/-) significantly decreased in Caucasian cases (P < .05). CONCLUSION the HindIII (+/-) and PvuII (+/-), but not the Ser447Ter might be the protective factors for IS.
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Li YY, Zhou YH, Gong G, Geng HY, Yang XX, Wang XM, Zhou CW, Xu J, Qian Y. LPL gene Pvu II polymorphism and hypertriglyceridemia: a meta-analysis involving 1,640 subjects. Korean J Intern Med 2017; 32:1018-1024. [PMID: 28502159 PMCID: PMC5668391 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2016.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Although lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene Pvu II polymorphism has been associated with an increased risk of hypertriglyceridemia (HT), there is no clear consensus within the scientific community. METHODS A meta-analysis of 1,640 subjects from six individual studies was conducted to better elucidate the potential relationship between the LPL gene Pvu II polymorphism and HT within the Chinese population. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were evaluated by using fixed effect models. RESULTS Our analysis indicated a significant association between LPL gene Pvu II polymorphism and HT within the Chinese population under allelic (OR, 1.550; 95% CI, 1.320 to 1.830; p = 1.158 × 10-7), recessive (OR, 0.540; 95% CI, 0.390 to 0.750; p = 0.0002), dominant (OR, 1.889; 95% CI, 1.501 to 2.377; p = 5.960 × 10-8), homozygous (OR, 2.167; 95% CI, 1.531 to 3.067; p = 1.242 × 10-5), heterozygous (OR, 1.810; 95% CI, 1.419 to 2.309; p = 1.842 × 10-6), and additive genetic models (OR, 1.553; 95% CI, 1.320 to 1.828; p = 1.158 × 10-7). CONCLUSIONS Because LPL gene Pvu II restriction fragment length polymorphism polymorphism was associated with an elevated risk of HT, the P+ allele carriers of the LPL gene might be predisposed to HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-yan Li
- Correspondence to Yan-yan Li, M.D. Department of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, NO 300, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China Tel: +86-25-13057611426 Fax: +86-25-83780170 E-mail:
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Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL) Polymorphism and the Risk of Coronary Artery Disease: A Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14010084. [PMID: 28275220 PMCID: PMC5295335 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: In recent years, the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) polymorphism has been extensively investigated as a potential risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, the results of these studies have been inconsistent. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to explore the association between LPL polymorphism and CAD risk. Methods: The literature was searched from electronic databases such as Embase, China Biological Medicine Database, PubMed, Knowledge Infrastructure, and China National Web of Science by the key words “coronary artery disease”, “lipoprotein lipase” and “polymorphism”. All of the studies included in this manuscript met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. An odds ratio (OR) analysis using a 95% confidence interval (CI) was employed to assess the association of the LPL polymorphism with CAD susceptibility. Results: We performed a meta-analysis of 14 case-control studies including HindIII, Ser447X and PvuII polymorphism. A statistically significant increase in the risk of CAD was associated with LPL HindIII polymorphism. This included HindIII H+H+ genotype (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.09–1.49, p = 0.002, I2 = 43%) and H+ allele genotype (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.03–1.58, p = 0.03, I2 = 67%). Ser447X XX genotype (OR = 2.37, 95% CI = 1.33–4.24, p = 0.004, I2 = 53%) was also associated with CAD risk. However, PvuII polymorphism was found to have no significant association with CAD risk. Conclusions: LPL HindIII polymorphism was significantly associated with the risk of CAD. For Ser447X polymorphism, it was found that only XX genotype was significantly associated with CAD risk. Furthermore, PvuII polymorphism had no significant association with CAD risk. It was considered that LPL HindIII polymorphism might serve as a potential biomarker for CAD risk.
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Ma Y, Tucker KL, Smith CE, Lee YC, Huang T, Richardson K, Parnell LD, Lai CQ, Young KL, Justice AE, Shao Y, North KE, Ordovás JM. Lipoprotein lipase variants interact with polyunsaturated fatty acids for obesity traits in women: replication in two populations. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:1323-1329. [PMID: 25156894 PMCID: PMC4356006 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a candidate gene for obesity based on its role in triglyceride hydrolysis and the partitioning of fatty acids towards storage or oxidation. Whether dietary fatty acids modify LPL associated obesity risk is unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs320, rs2083637, rs17411031, rs13702, rs2197089) for potential interaction with dietary fatty acids for obesity traits in 1171 participants (333 men and 838 women, aged 45-75 y) of the Boston Puerto Rican Health Study (BPRHS). In women, SNP rs320 interacted with dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.002) and waist circumference (WC) (P = 0.001) respectively. Higher intake of PUFA was associated with lower BMI and WC in homozygotes of the major allele (TT) (P = 0.01 and 0.005) but not in minor allele carriers (TG and GG). These interactions were replicated in an independent population, African American women of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study (n = 1334). CONCLUSION Dietary PUFA modulated the association of LPL rs320 with obesity traits in two independent populations. These interactions may be relevant to the dietary management of obesity, particularly in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ma
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K L Tucker
- Clinical Laboratory and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - C E Smith
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y C Lee
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T Huang
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Richardson
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L D Parnell
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Q Lai
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K L Young
- Department of Epidemiology and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A E Justice
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Y Shao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K E North
- Department of Epidemiology and Carolina Center for Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J M Ordovás
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Centro Nacional Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Alimentación (IMDEA-FOOD), Madrid, Spain.
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Arajo L, Cendoroglo M, Gigek C, Chen E, Smith MDEA. Association of lipase lipoprotein polymorphisms with high-density lipoprotein and triglycerides in elderly men. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2010; 9:89-96. [DOI: 10.4238/vol9-1gmr689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Yang Y, Mu Y, Zhao Y, Liu X, Zhao L, Wang J, Xie Y. Genetic screening of the lipoprotein lipase gene for mutations in Chinese subjects with or without hypertriglyceridemia. J Genet Genomics 2009; 34:381-91. [PMID: 17560523 DOI: 10.1016/s1673-8527(07)60041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2006] [Accepted: 12/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between the mutations in lipoprotein lipase gene and hypertriglyceridemia (HTG). METHODS The lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene was screened for mutations in 386 Chinese subjects with (108 cases in the HTG group) or without HTG (278 cases in the control group), by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and DNA sequencing. RESULTS One novel silent mutation L103L, one missense mutation P207L, three splicing mutations Int3/3'-ass/C(-6) --> T, and the common S447X polymorphism has been identified in the whole coding region and exon-intron junctions of the LPL gene were examined. Heterozygous P207L found in the HTG group was the first case reported in Asia and subsequently another P207L heterozygote was found in the proband's family, all of which suggested that P207L was one of the causes of familial combined hyperlipidemia, but was not so prevalent as that in French Canadian. Int3/3'-ass/C(-6) --> T was found in both groups in the present study although it was regarded as a pathogenic variant to HTG earlier on. Moreover about the beneficial polymorphism S447X, there was also some supportive evidence that the levels of triglycerides (TG) in S447X carriers were significantly lower than noncarriers in the subjects without HTG. CONCLUSIONS The association between the LPL variants and HTG is quite complicated and versatile, genotyping of LPL in a larger-scale screening should be necessary and justifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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Sagoo GS, Tatt I, Salanti G, Butterworth AS, Sarwar N, van Maarle M, Jukema JW, Wiman B, Kastelein JJP, Bennet AM, de Faire U, Danesh J, Higgins JPT. Seven lipoprotein lipase gene polymorphisms, lipid fractions, and coronary disease: a HuGE association review and meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol 2008; 168:1233-46. [PMID: 18922999 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwn235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a key enzyme in lipoprotein metabolism and a major candidate gene for coronary heart disease (CHD). The authors assessed associations between 7 LPL polymorphisms and lipid fractions and CHD risk in population-based cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies published by January 2007. Meta-analyses of 22,734 CHD cases and 50,177 controls in 89 association studies focused on the relations of the T-93G (rs1800590), D9N (rs1801177), G188E, N291S (rs268), PvuII (rs285), HindIII (rs320), and S447X (rs328) polymorphisms to high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, myocardial infarction, or coronary stenosis. Carriers of 9N or 291S had modestly adverse lipid profiles. Carriers of the less common allele of HindIII or of 447X had modestly advantageous profiles. The combined odds ratio for CHD among carriers was 1.33 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.14, 1.56) for 9N, 1.07 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.20) for 291S, 0.89 (95% CI: 0.81, 0.98) for the less common HindIII allele, and 0.84 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.94) for 447X. For T-93G (odds ratio (OR) = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.98, 1.52) and PvuII (OR = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.89, 1.04), there were null associations with lipid levels or CHD risk; information on G188E was limited (OR = 2.80, 95% CI: 0.88, 8.87). The study of LPL genotypes confirms the existence of close interrelations between high density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride pathways. The influence of these genotypes on CHD risk warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurdeep S Sagoo
- United Kingdom HuGENet Coordinating Centre, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Sébert SP, Lecannu G, Sené S, Hucteau S, Chetiveaux M, Ouguerram K, Champ MMJ. Obesity induced during sexual maturation is linked to LDL-triacylglycerols in Yucatan miniature swine. Br J Nutr 2007; 94:282-9. [PMID: 16115364 DOI: 10.1079/bjn20051478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of childhood obesity is rising dramatically throughout industrialised countries. To evaluate and study the impact of childhood obesity on lipoprotein metabolism, we developed a new animal model of premature obesity. Yucatan mini-pigs aged 4 months were studied over a 12-month period from childhood to adulthood. Animals were divided into two groups: the first group were overfed a Western misbalanced diet; the second group were normally fed a recommended human-type diet. Cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations in VLDL-, LDL- and HDL-lipoproteins were followed from baseline to adulthood by fast protein liquid chromatography. At 10 (the end of sexual maturation) and 16 months old (adulthood), liver, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues were sampled. Real-time RT-PCR was performed in order to compare apo AI, apo B, apo C-III, PPAR-α, insulin receptor and lipoprotein lipase gene expression between groups and ages. Differences between groups were observed only after sexual maturity. Adult overfed mini-pigs had a higher LDL-cholesterol:HDL-cholesterol ratio (P<0·05; 0·55 (SE 0·06) for overfedv. 0·42 (SE 0·04) for normally fed pigs at the tenth month of the study). In both groups, VLDL-triacylglycerol decreased (P<0·05). VLDL-triacylglycerol evolution in the overfed group was associated with an increase in LDL-triacylglycerol plasma concentrations (P<0·05) after sexual maturation. LDL-triacylglycerol concentration in overfed mini-pigs went from an average of 0·28 mmol/l before sexual maturation to reach an average concentration of 0·56 mmol/l afterwards. This phenomenon has never been observed in similar studies when obesity is induced in adult mini-pigs and may represent a specific hallmark of an obesity induced during sexual maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain P Sébert
- Human Nutrition and Gut Functions Unit, National Institute of Agronomic Research Rue de la Géraudière, BP 71627, 44316 Nantes Cedex 3, France
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Rujescu D, Thalmeier A, Möller HJ, Bronisch T, Giegling I. Molecular genetic findings in suicidal behavior: what is beyond the serotonergic system? Arch Suicide Res 2007; 11:17-40. [PMID: 17178640 DOI: 10.1080/13811110600897317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Various studies provide consistent evidence for a genetic component in suicidal behavior. First molecular genetic studies concentrated on genes of the serotonergic system based on the biochemical evidence that serotonergic neurotransmission is implicated in this behavior. Furthermore, genes of the dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmitter systems have also been the subjects of investigations in this context. Some epidemical and clinical studies showed that low serum cholesterol levels are associated with suicidal behavior and genes involved in these pathways have been investigated. Microarray experiments provide the possibility of genome-wide gene expression analysis and help to investigate associated molecular mechanisms. The aim of this article is to review molecular genetic studies in suicidal behavior and to emphasize findings on new genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
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Socquard E, Durlach A, Clavel C, Nazeyrollas P, Durlach V. Association of HindIII and PvuII genetic polymorphisms of lipoprotein lipase with lipid metabolism and macrovascular events in type 2 diabetic patients. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2006; 32:262-9. [PMID: 16799404 DOI: 10.1016/s1262-3636(07)70278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a key enzyme of lipid metabolism, and its genetic polymorphism may be a candidate for modulating lipid parameters in type 2 diabetic subjects (D2). METHODS In a group of 404 type 2 diabetic patients, aged 59.5+/-10.8y, BMI=28.9+/-5.3 kg/m2, HbA1c=8.2+/-1.9%, we studied the H and P polymorphisms at the LPL locus detectable with the restriction enzymes HindIII and PvuII. Patients were separated into 229 males (17H1H1, 84H1H2, 128H2H2 and 51P1P1, 110P1P2, 68P2P2) and 175 females (16H1H1, 69H1H2, 90H2H2 and 51P1P1, 85P1P2, 39P2P2), and compared on the basis of their lipid parameters and their macrovascular complications. RESULTS Triglyceride (TG) and HDL-cholesterol(c) concentrations differed between patients with and without coronary heart disease (CHD) (3.44+/-2.09 and 1.96+/-1.40 mmol/l for TGs and 1.05+/-0.24 and 1.34+/-0.40 mmol/l for HDL-c, P<0.001). HDL-c concentrations were lower in male H2H2 and P2P2 subjects (P<0.001), and TG levels were higher in male H2H2 and P2P2 subjects (P<0.0001 for Hind III and P<0.05 for PvuII). Allele frequency of the HindIII and PvuII restriction site was similar to those reported in other Caucasian populations and the presence of the H2/P2 variants was significantly higher in CHD patients. The prevalence of CHD in this population was 18% but was 29% in H2H2 and 38% in P2P2 subjects (P<0.02). CONCLUSION Thus, HindIII and PvuII polymorphisms seem to exert a modulating role on lipid profile particularly in male D2, contributing to increase the risk of macrovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Socquard
- Service d'Endocrinologie, Maladies Métaboliques et de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Robert Debré, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, 51092 Reims, France
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Huang AQ, Hu YH, Zhan SY, Xu B, Pang ZC, Cao WH, Lu J, Qin Y, Lee LM. Lipoprotein lipase gene S447X polymorphism modulates the relation between central obesity and serum lipids, a twin study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2006; 30:1693-701. [PMID: 16552397 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene S447X polymorphism on the relation between central obesity and lipid levels. DESIGN A total of 961 adult twin pairs were included from the program of Chinese Twin Registry, between 2001 and 2002. Central obesity was defined as waist circumference > or =90 cm for male and > or =80 cm for female. Two statistical methods were performed to test the modification effect of S447X polymorphism of LPL gene on the relation between central obesity and lipid levels: one was Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) models for all twin pairs and the other was co-twin matched case-control analysis in 82 central obesity discordant monozygotic twin pairs. RESULTS In GEE models for all twins, central obesity was significantly associated with serum lipids except for high-density lipoprotein (HDL), while X447 allele had favorable effects on the levels of triglyceride (TG), HDL and TG to HDL ratio (TG/HDL). The interactions of S447X polymorphism and central obesity were statistically significant for TG/HDL and HDL. In central obesity discordant monozygotic twin pairs, central obesity was significantly related with 26.2% increase of TG and 27.2% increase of TG/HDL in S/S447 genotype, while in 447X allele carrier, central obesity was significantly related with 13.7% increase of HDL. CONCLUSION These results suggest that LPL gene S447X polymorphism modifies the relation between central obesity and serum lipids, which also stresses the importance of reducing waist circumference to improve serum lipids for people with central obesity, especially those with S/S447 genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Q Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Bio-statistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, PR China
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15
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Malczewska-Malec M, Wybranska I, Leszczynska-Golabek I, Partyka L, Hartwich J, Jabrocka A, Kiec-Wilk B, Kwasniak M, Motyka M, Dembinska-Kiec A. Analysis of candidate genes in Polish families with obesity. Clin Chem Lab Med 2005; 42:487-93. [PMID: 15202783 DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2004.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study analyzes the relationship between risk factors related to overweight/obesity, insulin resistance, lipid tolerance, hypertension, endothelial function and genetic polymorphisms associated with: i) appetite regulation (leptin, melanocortin-3-receptor (MCR-3), dopamine receptor 2 (D2R)); ii) adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitivity (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 (PPAR-gamma2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)); iii) thermogenesis and free fatty acid (FFA) transport/catabolism (uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), beta2- and beta3-adrenergic receptor (beta2AR, beta3AR), fatty acid transport protein-1 (FATP-1) and iv) lipoproteins (apoliprotein E (apoE), apo CIII). The 122 members of 40 obese Caucasian families from southern Poland participated in the study. The genotypes were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) or by direct sequencing. Phenotypes related to obesity (body mass index (BMI), fat/lean body mass composition, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)), fasting lipids, glucose, leptin and insulin, as well as insulin during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (4 points within 2 hours) and during oral lipid tolerance test (OLTT) (5 points within 8 hours) were assessed. The insulin sensitivity indexes: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, whole body insulin sensitivity index, hepatic insulin sensitivity and early secretory response to an oral glucose load (HOMA-IR, ISI-COMP, ISI-HOMA and DELTA) were calculated. The single gene mutations such as C105 T OB and Pro115 Gln PPAR-gamma2 linked to morbid obesity were not detected in our group. A weak correlation between obesity and certain gene polymorphisms was observed. Being overweight (25 < BMI > or = 30 kg/m2) significantly correlated with worse FFA tolerance in male PPAR-gamma2 12Pro, LPL-H (G) allele carriers. Insulin resistance was found in female PPAR-gamma2 Pro12, TNF-alpha (-308A) and LPL-H (G) allele carriers. Hypertension linked to the PPAR-gamma2 Pro allele carriers was characterized by high leptin output during OLTT. We conclude that the polymorphisms we investigated were weakly correlated with obesity but significantly modified the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome.
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Duman BS, Türkoğlu C, Akpinar B, Güden M, Vertii A, Dak E, Cağatay P, Günay D, Büyükdevrim AS. Lipoprotein Lipase Gene Polymorphism and Lipid Profile in Coronary Artery Disease. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2004; 128:869-74. [PMID: 15270617 DOI: 10.5858/2004-128-869-llgpal] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Context.—Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) plays a central role in lipid metabolism, hydrolyzing triglyceride in chylomicrons and very-low-density lipoproteins. The PvuII polymorphic variant of LPL gene is common and might affect risk of coronary artery disease (CAD).
Objective.—Our aim was to determine whether LPL– PvuII polymorphism can be considered to be an independent risk factor or a predictor for CAD in Turkish subjects.
Design.—We used polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion to determine the distribution of the previously described C→T transition that causes a PvuII polymorphism in intron 6 among healthy blood donors of Turkish origin and among angiographically confirmed CAD patients with comparable ethnic backgrounds.
Results.—For the PvuII genotypes, within the CAD group (n = 80), the +/− genotype was found in 39 individuals (48.8%), whereas 25 (31.3%) carried the +/+ genotype, and 14 (17.5%) carried the −/− genotype. Within the control group (n = 49), the −/− genotype was found in 19 individuals (38.8%), 16 (32.7%) carried the +/− genotype, and 14 (28.6%) carried the +/+ genotype. The genotype frequency distribution was significantly different (P = .049) in the CAD and control study groups. The most frequent genotype among CAD patients was +/−; this genotype was more frequent in patients than in control subjects. However, the −/− genotype was more prevalent in the control group. Lipoprotein lipase–PvuII polymorphism was found to be associated with fasting total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. The +/+ genotype was found to have higher levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in both the CAD and control groups.
Conclusion.—There was a difference in the distribution of LPL–PvuII genotypes between the healthy subjects and the patients with CAD. Lipoprotein lipase–PvuII polymorphisms were not detected as independent risk factors for CAD in this study group, but had associations with lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belgin Süsleyici Duman
- Department of Medical Biology, Kadir Has University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Lalovic A, Sequeira A, DeGuzman R, Chawky N, Lesage A, Seguin M, Turecki G. Investigation of completed suicide and genes involved in cholesterol metabolism. J Affect Disord 2004; 79:25-32. [PMID: 15023477 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2002] [Accepted: 11/22/2002] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several lines of evidence support the association between low or lowered levels of serum total cholesterol and suicide. Genetic epidemiological studies suggest that genes predispose to suicide. Given that genes control many aspects of cholesterol biosynthesis and metabolism, one approach through which to explore the putative association between low cholesterol and suicide is through genetic studies. METHODS We examined the potential role of five genes encoding proteins involved in cholesterol biosynthesis and transport in a total sample of 305 male Caucasian subjects, consisting of 145 suicide completers and 160 controls. We investigated variation in the HMG CoA reductase (HMGCR), 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genes. RESULTS We were unable to detect significant differences in allele or genotype frequencies between the suicide cases and controls for any of the genes studied. No relationship was found between genotype and impulsivity or aggression as measured using the BIS and BDHI, respectively. LIMITATIONS The limitations of this study are consistent with the typical limitations inherent in most genetic association studies involving complex behavioral traits. CONCLUSION Although these genes are unlikely to play a major role in susceptibility to suicide, further studies in a larger sample are necessary to reveal the smaller genetic effects, if present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Lalovic
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, 6875 LaSalle Blvd., Verdun, Québec, Canada H4H 1R3
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18
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Abstract
With 61% of the American population overweight or obese, the need for treatment far exceeds the capacity of the health care system to provide care on an individual basis. Moreover, the most effective method for the delivery of treatment, and the best ways to induce and sustain client adherence to such a program, remain elusive. Obesity stands in the ignominious position of being the only epidemic in the latter decades of the twentieth century and into the new millennium that nurses--clinicians, academicians, and investigators alike seem to have virtually ignored. There are few past or present clinical descriptions, curriculum examples, or research results that have been presented or published by nurses that demonstrate the discipline's recognition of and commitment to this pervasive health problem. With the ever-increasing prevalence of obesity and obesity-related diseases, the burgeoning expansion of health care delivery in outpatient care, and the growing emphasis on health promotion, it is imperative that nurses in all roles give their long overdue and concerted attention to grappling with this unrelenting epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Dennis
- School of Nursing, University of Central Florida, PO Box 162210, Orlando, FL 32816-2210, USA.
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Goodarzi MO, Guo X, Taylor KD, Quiñones MJ, Saad MF, Yang H, Hsueh WA, Rotter JI. Lipoprotein lipase is a gene for insulin resistance in Mexican Americans. Diabetes 2004; 53:214-20. [PMID: 14693718 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.53.1.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The insulin resistance syndrome is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a candidate gene for components of the syndrome. A small number of studies have demonstrated association of single nucleotide polymorphisms within LPL and indirect or surrogate measures of insulin resistance, largely based on glucose and insulin values obtained in the fasting state or during an oral glucose tolerance test. To test directly whether LPL is an insulin resistance gene, we performed the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp in a large family-based population of Mexican Americans who were genotyped at six polymorphisms in LPL that define the most common haplotypes in the population. LPL haplotypes showed linkage to the glucose infusion rate (GINF), a direct physiologic measurement of insulin sensitivity (P = 0.034). In addition, significant associations with GINF were demonstrated for the most common haplotype (P = 0.031) and the fourth most common haplotype (P = 0.007). Haplotype 1 was associated with insulin sensitivity (mean GINF for haplotype 1 carriers = 383.0 mg/min) and haplotype 4 with insulin resistance (mean GINF for haplotype 4 carriers = 344.3 mg/min). This haplotype-based genetic analysis provides compelling evidence that variation in the LPL gene plays a role in determining insulin resistance in this ethnic group with a high prevalence of the insulin resistance syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark O Goodarzi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Steven Spielberg Pediatric Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, USA.
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Goodarzi MO, Guo X, Taylor KD, Quiñones MJ, Samayoa C, Yang H, Saad MF, Palotie A, Krauss RM, Hsueh WA, Rotter JI. Determination and use of haplotypes: ethnic comparison and association of the lipoprotein lipase gene and coronary artery disease in Mexican-Americans. Genet Med 2003; 5:322-7. [PMID: 12865761 DOI: 10.1097/01.gim.0000076971.55421.ad] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To illustrate an approach of deriving haplotypes for genetic association studies, using the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene and coronary artery disease. METHODS Six polymorphisms sufficient to distinguish the most common haplotypes in the 3' end of LPL were identified by genotyping 10 polymorphisms in a small pilot population. These were used to haplotype LPL in large family samples of Mexican-Americans and non-Hispanic Caucasians. A case-control association study was performed comparing Mexican-Americans with and without coronary artery disease. RESULTS The two ethnic groups exhibited significant genetic differences. Among Mexican-Americans, homozygosity for LPL haplotype 1 was protective against coronary artery disease (OR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.27-0.91). CONCLUSION This study outlines the haplotype structure of the LPL gene, illustrates the utility of haplotype-based analysis in association studies, and demonstrates the importance of defining haplotype frequencies for different ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark O Goodarzi
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Abu-Amero KK, Wyngaard CA, Al-Boudari OM, Kambouris M, Dzimiri N. Lack of association of lipoprotein lipase gene polymorphisms with coronary artery disease in the Saudi Arab population. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2003; 127:597-600. [PMID: 12708905 DOI: 10.5858/2003-127-0597-loaoll] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Previous studies reported an association of certain polymorphisms in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene with the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD); however, these studies were small and inconsistent. In addition, none of these studies attempted to establish such an association in the Arab population. OBJECTIVE To determine whether 2 LPL polymorphisms (LPL-HindIII and LPL-PvuII located on introns 8 and 6, respectively, of the LPL gene) can be considered as independent risk factors or as predictors for CAD in Arabs. DESIGN We used polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion to determine the distribution of the LPL-HindIII and LPL-PvuII polymorphisms among healthy blood donors of Arabic origin (BD group) and angiographically confirmed CAD patients (CAD group) with identical ethnic backgrounds. RESULTS For the HindIII genotypes, within the BD group (n = 410), the +/+ genotype was found in 206 individuals (50.2%), 173 (42.2%) carried the +/- genotype, and 31 (7.6%) carried the -/- genotype. Within the CAD group (n = 352), the +/+ genotype was found in 189 individuals (53.7%), 138 (39.2%) carried the +/- genotype, and 25 (7.1%) carried the -/- genotype. P values of.38,.45, and.92 were obtained for the +/+, +/-, and -/- genotypes, respectively. For the PvuII genotypes, within the BD group (n = 511), the +/+ genotype was found in 182 individuals (35.6%), 248 (48.5%) carried the +/- genotype, and 81 (15.9%) carried the -/- genotype. Within the CAD group (n = 431), the +/+ genotype was found in 138 individuals (32%), 225 (52.2%) carried the +/- genotype, and 68 (15.8%) carried the -/- genotype. P values of.28,.29, and.98 were obtained for the +/+, +/-, and -/- genotypes, respectively. The distribution and the allele frequency of these 2 LPL variants were similar in CAD and BD study groups and followed the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. CONCLUSION There was no difference in the distribution of both LPL polymorphisms between the healthy group and the CAD group. Therefore, these 2 LPL polymorphisms cannot be considered as independent risk factors or as predictors for CAD in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled K Abu-Amero
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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22
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Abstract
With the mapping of the human genome has come the opportunity for nursing research to explore topics of concern to the maintenance, restoration, and attainment of genetic-related health. Initially, nursing research on genetic topics originated primarily from physical anthropology and from a clinical, disease-focused perspective. Nursing research subsequently focused on psychosocial aspects of genetic conditions for individuals and their family members. As findings emerge from current human genome discovery, new programs of genetic nursing research are originating from a biobehavioral interface, ranging from the investigations of the influence of specific molecular changes on gene function to social/ethical issues of human health and disease. These initiatives reflect nursing's response to discoveries of gene mutations related to phenotypic expression in both clinical and community-based populations. Genetic research programs are needed that integrate or adapt theoretical and methodological advances in epidemiology, family systems, anthropology, and ethics with those from nursing. Research programs must address not only populations with a specific disease but also community-based genetic health care issues. As genetic health care practice evolves, so will opportunities for research by nurses who can apply genetic concepts and interventions to improve the health of the public. This article presents an analysis of the evolution of genetic nursing research and challengesfor the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Williams
- Gerontological Nursing Interventions Research Center at the University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA.
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Pérusse L, Chagnon YC, Weisnagel SJ, Rankinen T, Snyder E, Sands J, Bouchard C. The human obesity gene map: the 2000 update. OBESITY RESEARCH 2001; 9:135-69. [PMID: 11316348 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2001.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This report constitutes the seventh update of the human obesity gene map incorporating published results up to the end of October 2000. Evidence from the rodent and human obesity cases caused by single-gene mutations, Mendelian disorders exhibiting obesity as a clinical feature, quantitative trait loci uncovered in human genome-wide scans and in cross-breeding experiments in various animal models, and association and linkage studies with candidate genes and other markers are reviewed. Forty-seven human cases of obesity caused by single-gene mutations in six different genes have been reported in the literature to date. Twenty-four Mendelian disorders exhibiting obesity as one of their clinical manifestations have now been mapped. The number of different quantitative trait loci reported from animal models currently reaches 115. Attempts to relate DNA sequence variation in specific genes to obesity phenotypes continue to grow, with 130 studies reporting positive associations with 48 candidate genes. Finally, 59 loci have been linked to obesity indicators in genomic scans and other linkage study designs. The obesity gene map reveals that putative loci affecting obesity-related phenotypes can be found on all chromosomes except chromosome Y. A total of 54 new loci have been added to the map in the past 12 months and the number of genes, markers, and chromosomal regions that have been associated or linked with human obesity phenotypes is now above 250. Likewise, the number of negative studies, which are only partially reviewed here, is also on the rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pérusse
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada.
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Abstract
Given the plethora of eating behavior techniques that obese individuals might adopt for weight loss, it is not likely that they could, or would be willing to, adopt all of them. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the specific eating behaviors conducive to weight loss adopted during the behavioral treatment of obesity, and to distinguish those that were deemed beneficial from the ones that were not. Fifty obese (BMI 32+/-4 kg/m(2), mean+/-SD), postmenopausal women (60+/-6 years old) participated in a 6-month behavior modification, dietary, low-intensity walking weight loss program. For analysis, they were divided into two groups: "no weight loss" (<or=5 kg, n=18) versus "weight loss" (>5 kg, n=32). At pre- and posttreatment women completed the Eating Behavior Inventory (EBI) that measures specific strategies conducive to weight loss. Women who lost weight increased their total eating behavior score by 20% (p<0.001) and improved the adoption of 14 eating behaviors, which was more than twice that of the non-weight losers. Topping the list of most strongly adopted behaviors were carefully watching and recording the type and quantity of food consumed. Maintaining a weight graph and weighing daily also were important to these women. Neither group of women adopted potentially helpful eating behaviors such as leaving food uneaten, refusing food offered by others, or shopping from a list. In studies of obesity treatment, attendance at class sessions is one marker of program adherence. More definitively, implementing the EBI in clinical and research obesity treatment programs will provide its leaders with insight into whether participants adopt, ignore, or fight the essential behaviors that will facilitate success toward their personal weight loss goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Qi
- University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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