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Bustamante MCC, Costa CLL, Esperança MN, Mazziero VT, Cerri MO, Badino AC. Effect of impeller type on cellular morphology and production of clavulanic acid by Streptomyces clavuligerus. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01306-0. [PMID: 38557863 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
It is essential to evaluate the effects of operating conditions in submerged cultures of filamentous microorganisms. In particular, the impeller type influences the flow pattern, power consumption, and energy dissipation, leading to differences in the hydrodynamic environment that affect the morphology of the microorganism. This work investigated the effect of different impeller types, namely the Rushton turbine (RT-RT) and Elephant Ear impellers in up-pumping (EEUP) and down-pumping (EEDP) modes, on cellular morphology and clavulanic acid (CA) production by Streptomyces clavuligerus in a stirred-tank bioreactor. At 800 rpm and 0.5 vvm, the cultivations performed using RT-RT and EEUP impellers provided higher shear conditions and oxygen transfer rates than those observed with EEDP. These conditions resulted in higher clavulanic acid production using RT-RT (380.7 mg/L) and EEUP (453.3 mg/L) impellers, compared to EEDP (196.6 mg/L). Although the maximum CA concentration exhibited the same order of magnitude for RT-RT and EEUP impellers, the latter presented 40% of the specific power consumption (4.9 kW/m3) compared to the classical RT-RT (12.0 kW/m3). The specific energy for CA production ( E CA ), defined as the energy cost to produce 1 mg of CA, was 3.5 times lower using the EEUP impeller (1.91 kJ/mgCA) when compared to RT-RT (5.91 kJ/mgCA). Besides, the specific energy for O2 transfer ( E O 2 ), the energy required to transfer 1 mmol of O2, was 2.3 times lower comparing the EEUP impeller (3.28 kJ/mmolO2) to RT-RT (7.65 kJ/mmolO2). The results demonstrated the importance of choosing the most suitable impeller configuration in conventional bioreactors to manufacture bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C C Bustamante
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, C.P. 676, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - C L L Costa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, C.P. 676, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil
| | - M N Esperança
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo, Campus Capivari, Capivari, SP, 13360-000, Brazil
| | - V T Mazziero
- Department of Bioprocesses Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - M O Cerri
- Department of Bioprocesses Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Alberto C Badino
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, C.P. 676, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil.
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Galindo-Rodriguez GR, Santoyo-Garcia JH, Rios-Solis L, Dimartino S. In situ recovery of taxadiene using solid adsorption in cultivations with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 54:86-94. [PMID: 37162336 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2207204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an engineered strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to produce taxadiene, a precursor in the biosynthetic pathway of the anticancer drug paclitaxel. Taxadiene was recovered in situ with the polymeric adsorbent Diaion © HP-20. Here we tested two bioreactor configurations and adsorbent concentrations to maximize the production and recovery of taxadiene. An external recovery configuration (ERC) was performed with the integration of an expanded bed adsorption column, whereas the internal recovery configuration (IRC) consisted in dispersed beads inside the bioreactor vessel. Taxadiene titers recovered in IRC were higher to ERC by 3.4 and 3.5 fold by using 3% and 12% (w/v) adsorbent concentration respectively. On the other hand, cell growth kinetics were faster in ERC which represents an advantage in productivity (mg of taxadiene/L*h). High resin bead concentration (12% w/v) improved the partition of taxadiene onto the beads up to 98%. This result represents an advantage over previous studies using a 3% resin concentration where the partition of taxadiene on the beads was around 50%. This work highlights the potential of in situ product recovery to improve product partition, reduce processing steps and promote cell growth. Nevertheless, a careful design of bioreactor configuration and process conditions is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge H Santoyo-Garcia
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Leonardo Rios-Solis
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys), The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simone Dimartino
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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3
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Cuebas‐Irizarry MF, Grunden AM. Streptomyces spp. as biocatalyst sources in pulp and paper and textile industries: Biodegradation, bioconversion and valorization of waste. Microb Biotechnol 2024; 17:e14258. [PMID: 37017414 PMCID: PMC10832569 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Complex polymers represent a challenge for remediating environmental pollution and an opportunity for microbial-catalysed conversion to generate valorized chemicals. Members of the genus Streptomyces are of interest because of their potential use in biotechnological applications. Their versatility makes them excellent sources of biocatalysts for environmentally responsible bioconversion, as they have a broad substrate range and are active over a wide range of pH and temperature. Most Streptomyces studies have focused on the isolation of strains, recombinant work and enzyme characterization for evaluating their potential for biotechnological application. This review discusses reports of Streptomyces-based technologies for use in the textile and pulp-milling industry and describes the challenges and recent advances aimed at achieving better biodegradation methods featuring these microbial catalysts. The principal points to be discussed are (1) Streptomyces' enzymes for use in dye decolorization and lignocellulosic biodegradation, (2) biotechnological processes for textile and pulp and paper waste treatment and (3) challenges and advances for textile and pulp and paper effluent treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara F. Cuebas‐Irizarry
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyNorth Carolina State UniversityPlant Sciences Building Rm 2323, 840 Oval DrRaleighNorth Carolina27606USA
| | - Amy M. Grunden
- Department of Plant and Microbial BiologyNorth Carolina State UniversityPlant Sciences Building Rm 2323, 840 Oval DrRaleighNorth Carolina27606USA
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Gómez-Ríos D, Ramírez-Malule H, Neubauer P, Junne S, Ríos-Estepa R, Ochoa S. Tuning of fed-batch cultivation of Streptomyces clavuligerus for enhanced Clavulanic Acid production based on genome-scale dynamic modeling. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Sulfane Sulfur Posttranslationally Modifies the Global Regulator AdpA to Influence Actinorhodin Production and Morphological Differentiation of Streptomyces coelicolor. mBio 2022; 13:e0386221. [PMID: 35467418 PMCID: PMC9239190 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03862-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor AdpA is a key regulator controlling both secondary metabolism and morphological differentiation in Streptomyces. Due to its critical functions, its expression undergoes multilevel regulations at transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and translational levels, yet no posttranslational regulation has been reported. Sulfane sulfur, such as hydro polysulfide (HSnH, n ≥ 2) and organic polysulfide (RSnH, n ≥ 2), is common inside microorganisms, but its physiological functions are largely unclear. Here, we discovered that sulfane sulfur posttranslationally modifies AdpA in Streptomyces coelicolor via specifically reacting with Cys62 of AdpA to form a persulfide (Cys62-SSH). This modification decreases the affinity of AdpA to its self-promoter PadpA, allowing increased expression of adpA, further promoting the expression of its target genes actII-4 and wblA. ActII-4 activates actinorhodin biosynthesis, and WblA regulates morphological development. Bioinformatics analyses indicated that AdpA-Cys62 is highly conserved in Streptomyces, suggesting the prevalence of such modification in this genus. Thus, our study unveils a new type of regulation on the AdpA activity and sheds a light on how sulfane sulfur stimulates the production of antibiotics in Streptomyces.
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Aleid SM, Hamad SH, Delaunay S, Fick M, Olmos E. Pristinamycin production using Streptomyces pristinaespiralis and date sirup as substrate-process modeling, optimization, and scale-up. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 52:1044-1050. [PMID: 35037553 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.2024849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Pristinamycin biosynthesis using Streptomyces pristinaespiralis and date sirup (DS) as substrates was optimized before scale-up. DS was filter sterilized as heat sterilization primes Maillard reactions having negative effects on antibiotic production. Multilinear regression modeling (MLR) predicted optimum medium composition, specifying components with positive and negative effects on production. The MLR showed that to maximize bacterial growth, DS, arginine, CaCl2, and KH2PO4 must be fixed at the highest concentration, but to maximize antibiotic production, these factors have to be fixed at a low level. A noticeable difference in productivity was observed in a shake flask experiments with 50.4 and 43.1 mg/L pristinamycin final concentration for the DS and the glucose substrates, respectively. In the 2 L bioreactor, the DS medium resulted in a 66.6 mg/L antibiotic, while the scale-up in the 100 L resulted in 39.0 mg/L. The low yield in the 100 L bioreactor could be attributed to the relatively high stirring rate applied which was the minimum possible in the bioreactor used. This high stirring rate prevented pellet formation by the cells, which is described as necessary for antibiotic formation by the bacterium. Hence, a successful scale-up to pilot-scale should consider the effect of stirring rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah M Aleid
- Date Palm Research Center of Excellence, King Faisal University, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia.,Dpartment of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Siddig H Hamad
- Dpartment of Food and Nutrition Sciences, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stephane Delaunay
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, CNRS, Vandoeuvre Cedex, France.,Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre Cedex, France
| | - Michel Fick
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, CNRS, Vandoeuvre Cedex, France.,Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre Cedex, France
| | - Eric Olmos
- Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, CNRS, Vandoeuvre Cedex, France.,Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés, UMR 7274, Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre Cedex, France
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Castangia I, Manca ML, Razavi SH, Nácher A, Díez-Sales O, Peris JE, Allaw M, Terencio MC, Usach I, Manconi M. Canthaxanthin Biofabrication, Loading in Green Phospholipid Vesicles and Evaluation of In Vitro Protection of Cells and Promotion of Their Monolayer Regeneration. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010157. [PMID: 35052836 PMCID: PMC8773935 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, canthaxanthin was produced by biofermentation from Dietzia natronolimnaea HS-1 (D. natronolimnaea) and was loaded in phospholipid vesicles prepared with natural component using an easy and low dissipative method. Indeed, glycerosomes, hyalurosomes, and glycerohyalurosomes were prepared by direct hydration of both phosphatidylcholine and the biotechnological canthaxanthin, avoiding the use of organic solvents. Vesicles were sized from 63 nm to 87 nm and highly negatively charged. They entrapped a high number of the biomolecules and were stable on storage. Canthaxanthin-loaded vesicles incubated with fibroblasts did not affect their viability, proving to be highly biocompatible and capable of inhibiting the death of fibroblasts stressed with hydrogen peroxide. They reduced the nitric oxide expression in macrophages treated with lipopolysaccharides. Moreover, they favoured the cell migration in an in vitro lesion model. Results confirmed the health-promoting potential of canthaxanthin in skin cells, which is potentiated by its suitable loading in phospholipid vesicles, thus suggesting the possible use of these natural bioformulations in both skin protection and regeneration, thanks to the potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiageing effects of canthaxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Castangia
- Department Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (I.C.); (M.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Letizia Manca
- Department Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (I.C.); (M.A.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-07-0675-8582
| | - Seyed Hadi Razavi
- Bioprocess Engineering Laboratory (BPEL), Department of Food Science, Engineering & Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 4111, Karaj 31587-77871, Iran;
| | - Amparo Nácher
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (A.N.); (O.D.-S.); (J.E.P.); (M.C.T.); (I.U.)
| | - Octavio Díez-Sales
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (A.N.); (O.D.-S.); (J.E.P.); (M.C.T.); (I.U.)
| | - José Esteban Peris
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (A.N.); (O.D.-S.); (J.E.P.); (M.C.T.); (I.U.)
| | - Mohamad Allaw
- Department Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (I.C.); (M.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Carmen Terencio
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (A.N.); (O.D.-S.); (J.E.P.); (M.C.T.); (I.U.)
| | - Iris Usach
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Valencia, 46100 Valencia, Spain; (A.N.); (O.D.-S.); (J.E.P.); (M.C.T.); (I.U.)
| | - Maria Manconi
- Department Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (I.C.); (M.A.); (M.M.)
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8
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Costa-Gutierrez SB, Saez JM, Aparicio JD, Raimondo EE, Benimeli CS, Polti MA. Glycerol as a substrate for actinobacteria of biotechnological interest: Advantages and perspectives in circular economy systems. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 279:130505. [PMID: 33865166 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Actinobacteria represent a ubiquitous group of microorganisms widely distributed in ecosystems. They have diverse physiological and metabolic properties, including the production of extracellular enzymes and a variety of secondary bioactive metabolites, such as antibiotics, immunosuppressants, and other compounds of industrial interest. Therefore, actinobacteria have been used for biotechnological purposes for more than three decades. The development of a biotechnological process requires the evaluation of its cost/benefit ratio, including the search for economic and efficient substrates for microorganisms development. Biodiesel is a clean, renewable, quality and economically viable source of energy, which also contributes to the conservation of the environment. Crude glycerol is the main by-product of biodiesel production and has many properties, so it has a commercial value that can be used to finance the biofuel production process. Actinobacteria can use glycerol as a source of carbon and energy, either pure o crude. A circular economy system aims to eliminate waste and pollution, keep products and materials in use, and regenerate natural systems. Although these principles are not yet met, some approaches are being made in this direction; the transformation of crude glycerol by actinobacteria is a process with great potential to be scaled on an industrial level. This review discusses the reports on glycerol as a promising source of carbon and energy for obtaining biomass and high-added value products by actinobacteria. Also, the factors influencing the biomass and secondary metabolites production in bioreactors are analyzed, and the tools available to overcome those that generate the main problems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie B Costa-Gutierrez
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Juliana Maria Saez
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Juan Daniel Aparicio
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 491, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Enzo E Raimondo
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho 491, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Claudia S Benimeli
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Catamarca, Belgrano 300, 4700, Catamarca, Argentina
| | - Marta A Polti
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos (PROIMI-CONICET), Avenida Belgrano y Pasaje Caseros, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, 4000, Tucumán, Argentina.
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Optimization of Pre-Inoculum, Fermentation Process Parameters and Precursor Supplementation Conditions to Enhance Apigenin Production by a Recombinant Streptomyces albus Strain. FERMENTATION 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation7030161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces albus J1074-pAPI (Streptomyces albus-pAPI) is a recombinant strain constructed to biotechnologically produce apigenin, a flavonoid with interesting bioactive features that up to now has been manufactured by extraction from plants with long and not environmentally friendly procedures. So far, in literature, only a maximum apigenin concentration of 80.0 µg·L−1 has been obtained in shake flasks. In this paper, three integrated fermentation strategies were exploited to enhance the apigenin production by Streptomyces albus J1074-pAPI, combining specific approaches for pre-inoculum conditions, optimization of fermentation process parameters and supplementation of precursors. Using a pre-inoculum of mycelium, the apigenin concentration increased of 1.8-fold in shake flask physiological studies. In 2L batch fermentation, the aeration and stirring conditions were optimized and integrated with the new inoculum approach and the apigenin production reached 184.8 ± 4.0 µg·L−1, with a productivity of 2.6 ± 0.1 μg·L−1·h−1. The supplementation of 1.5 mM L-tyrosine in batch fermentations allowed to obtain an apigenin production of 343.3 ± 3.0 µg·L−1 in only 48 h, with an increased productivity of 7.1 ± 0.1 μg·L−1·h−1. This work demonstrates that the optimization of fermentation process conditions is a crucial requirement to increase the apigenin concentration and productivity by up to 4.3- and 10.7-fold.
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10
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Jezkova Z, Binda E, Potocar T, Marinelli F, Halecky M, Branyik T. Laboratory scale cultivation of Salinispora tropica in shake flasks and mechanically stirred bioreactors. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1715-1722. [PMID: 34003399 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Marine actinomycetes from the genus Salinispora have an unexploited biotechnological potential. To accurately estimate their application potential however, data on their cultivation, including biomass growth kinetics, are needed but only incomplete information is currently available. RESULTS This work provides some insight into the effect of temperature, salinity, nitrogen source, glucose concentration and oxygen supply on growth rate, biomass productivity and yield of Salinispora tropica CBN-440T. The experiments were carried out in unbaffled shake flasks and agitated laboratory-scale bioreactors. The results show that the optimum growth temperature lies within the range 28-30 °C, salinity is close to sea water and the initial glucose concentration is around 10 g/L. Among tested nitrogen sources, yeast extract and soy peptone proved to be the most suitable. The change from unbaffled to baffled flasks increased the volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (kLa) as did the use of agitated bioreactors. The highest specific growth rate (0.0986 h-1) and biomass productivity (1.11 g/L/day) were obtained at kLa = 28.3 h-1. A further increase in kLa was achieved by increasing stirrer speed, but this led to a deterioration in kinetic parameters. CONCLUSIONS Improvement of S. tropica biomass growth kinetics of was achieved mainly by identifying the most suitable nitrogen sources and optimizing kLa in baffled flasks and agitated bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Jezkova
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Elisa Binda
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via JH Dunant 3, 21100, Varèse, Italy
| | - Tomas Potocar
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Flavia Marinelli
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via JH Dunant 3, 21100, Varèse, Italy
| | - Martin Halecky
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Branyik
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic. .,Research Institute of Brewing and Malting, Lipova 15, 120 44, Prague, Czech Republic.
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11
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Böl M, Schrinner K, Tesche S, Krull R. Challenges of influencing cellular morphology by morphology engineering techniques and mechanical induced stress on filamentous pellet systems-A critical review. Eng Life Sci 2021; 21:51-67. [PMID: 33716605 PMCID: PMC7923580 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202000060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Filamentous microorganisms are main producers of organic acids, enzymes, and pharmaceutical agents such as antibiotics and other active pharmaceutical ingredients. With their complex cell morphology, ranging from dispersed mycelia to dense pellets, the cultivation is challenging. In recent years, various techniques for tailor-made cell morphologies of filamentous microorganisms have been developed to increase product formation and have been summarised under the term morphology engineering. These techniques, namely microparticle-enhanced cultivation, macroparticle-enhanced cultivation, and alteration of the osmolality of the culture medium by addition of inorganic salts, the salt-enhanced cultivation, are presented and discussed in this review. These techniques have already proven to be useful and now await further proof-of-concept. Furthermore, the mechanical behaviour of individual pellets is of special interest for a general understanding of pellet mechanics and the productivity of biotechnological processes with filamentous microorganisms. Correlating them with substrate uptake and finally with productivity would be a breakthrough not to be underestimated for the comprehensive characterisation of filamentous systems. So far, this research field is under-represented. First results on filamentous pellet mechanics are discussed and important future aspects, which the filamentous expert community should deal with, will be presented and critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Böl
- Institute of Mechanics and AdaptronicsTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ)Technische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Kathrin Schrinner
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ)Technische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Sebastian Tesche
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ)Technische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
| | - Rainer Krull
- Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ)Technische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
- Institute of Biochemical EngineeringTechnische Universität BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany
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12
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López-Agudelo VA, Gómez-Ríos D, Ramirez-Malule H. Clavulanic Acid Production by Streptomyces clavuligerus: Insights from Systems Biology, Strain Engineering, and Downstream Processing. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:84. [PMID: 33477401 PMCID: PMC7830376 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Clavulanic acid (CA) is an irreversible β-lactamase enzyme inhibitor with a weak antibacterial activity produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus (S. clavuligerus). CA is typically co-formulated with broad-spectrum β‑lactam antibiotics such as amoxicillin, conferring them high potential to treat diseases caused by bacteria that possess β‑lactam resistance. The clinical importance of CA and the complexity of the production process motivate improvements from an interdisciplinary standpoint by integrating metabolic engineering strategies and knowledge on metabolic and regulatory events through systems biology and multi-omics approaches. In the large-scale bioprocessing, optimization of culture conditions, bioreactor design, agitation regime, as well as advances in CA separation and purification are required to improve the cost structure associated to CA production. This review presents the recent insights in CA production by S. clavuligerus, emphasizing on systems biology approaches, strain engineering, and downstream processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Gómez-Ríos
- Grupo de Investigación en Simulación, Diseño, Control y Optimización de Procesos (SIDCOP), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia;
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Barbuto Ferraiuolo S, Cammarota M, Schiraldi C, Restaino OF. Streptomycetes as platform for biotechnological production processes of drugs. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:551-568. [PMID: 33394149 PMCID: PMC7780072 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11064-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Streptomyces is one of the most versatile genera for biotechnological applications, widely employed as platform in the production of drugs. Although streptomycetes have a complex life cycle and metabolism that would need multidisciplinary approaches, review papers have generally reported only studies on single aspects like the isolation of new strains and metabolites, morphology investigations, and genetic or metabolic studies. Besides, even if streptomycetes are extensively used in industry, very few review papers have focused their attention on the technical aspects of biotechnological processes of drug production and bioconversion and on the key parameters that have to be set up. This mini-review extensively illustrates the most innovative developments and progresses in biotechnological production and bioconversion processes of antibiotics, immunosuppressant, anticancer, steroidal drugs, and anthelmintic agents by streptomycetes, focusing on the process development aspects, describing the different approaches and technologies used in order to improve the production yields. The influence of nutrients and oxygen on streptomycetes metabolism, new fed-batch fermentation strategies, innovative precursor supplementation approaches, and specific bioreactor design as well as biotechnological strategies coupled with metabolic engineering and genetic tools for strain improvement is described. The use of whole, free, and immobilized cells on unusual supports was also reported for bioconversion processes of drugs. The most outstanding thirty investigations published in the last 8 years are here reported while future trends and perspectives of biotechnological research in the field have been illustrated. KEY POINTS: • Updated Streptomyces biotechnological processes for drug production are reported. • Innovative approaches for Streptomyces-based biotransformation of drugs are reviewed. • News about fermentation and genome systems to enhance secondary metabolite production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Barbuto Ferraiuolo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Marcella Cammarota
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Schiraldi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Odile Francesca Restaino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via De Crecchio 7, 80138, Naples, Italy.
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Biotechnological Transformation of Hydrocortisone into 16α-Hydroxyprednisolone by Coupling Arthrobacter simplex and Streptomyces roseochromogenes. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214912. [PMID: 33114231 PMCID: PMC7660607 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
16α-Hydroxyprednisolone, an anti-inflammatory drug, could be potentially obtained from hydrocortisone bioconversion by combining a 1,2-dehydrogenation reaction performed by Arthrobacter simplexATCC31652 with a 16α-hydroxylation reaction by Streptomyces roseochromogenes ATCC13400. In this study we tested, for the first time, potential approaches to couple the two reactions using similar pH and temperature conditions for hydrocortisone bioconversion by the two strains. The A. simplex capability to 1,2-dehydrogenate the 16α-hydroxyhydrocortisone, the product of S. roseochromogenes transformation of hydrocortisone, and vice versa the capability of S. roseochromogenes to 16α-hydroxylate the prednisolone were assessed. Bioconversions were studied in shake flasks and strain morphology changes were observed by SEM. Whole cell experiments were set up to perform the two reactions in a sequential mode in alternate order or contemporarily at diverse temperature conditions. A. simplex catalyzed either the dehydrogenation of hydrocortisone into prednisolone efficiently or of 16α-hydroxyhydrocortisone into 16α-hydroxyprednisolone in 24 h (up to 93.9%). Surprisingly S. roseochromogenes partially converted prednisolone back to hydrocortisone. A 68.8% maximum of 16α-hydroxyprednisolone was obtained in 120-h bioconversion by coupling whole cells of the two strains at pH 6.0 and 26 °C. High bioconversion of hydrocortisone into 16α-hydroxyprednisolone was obtained for the first time by coupling A. simplex and S. roseochromogenes.
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15
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Amorim EADF, Castro EJM, da Souza SV, Alves MS, Dias LRL, Melo MHF, da Silva IMA, Villis PCM, Bonfim MRQ, Falcai A, Silva MRC, Monteiro-Neto V, Aliança A, da Silva LCN, de Miranda RDCM. Antimicrobial Potential of Streptomyces ansochromogenes (PB 3) Isolated From a Plant Native to the Amazon Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:574693. [PMID: 33162956 PMCID: PMC7581783 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.574693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial action of filamentous bacteria isolated from the Byrsonima crassifolia leaf. An endophytic bacterium has been identified by classical and molecular techniques as Streptomyces ansochromogene. Screening for antibacterial action against pathogens with medical relevance (Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15692, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Corynebacterium diphtheriae ATCC 27012, Mycobacterium abscessus, Cryptococcus gattii ATCC 24065, and Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 24067) demonstrated activity against the bacterium P. aeruginosa ATCC 0030 with inhibition diameter zones (IDZ) of 17.6 ± 0.25 mm in the preliminary screening in solid medium. After fermentation in liquid medium, an IDZ of 19.6 ± 0.46 mm and a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.5 mg/mL were detected. The antibiofilm action was observed with 100% inhibition of biofilm formation at a concentration of 0.250 mg/mL. When the infection curve was prepared, it was observed that the metabolite was effective in protecting the larvae of Tenebrio molitor. The metabolite does not show toxicity for eukaryotic cells. The leishmanicidal activity demonstrated that the metabolite presented a dose-dependent effect on the promastigotes forms of Leishmania amazonensis growth and the estimated IC50/72 h was 71.65 ± 7.4 μg/mL. Therefore, it can be concluded that the metabolite produced by the endophytic bacterium Streptomyces sp. is promising for future use as an alternative strategy against bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Angela Falcai
- Programa de Pós Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, Brazil
| | | | - Valério Monteiro-Neto
- Programa de Pós Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, Brazil
- Programa de Pós Graduação, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Amanda Aliança
- Programa de Pós Graduação, Universidade CEUMA, São Luís, Brazil
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Morphological Differentiation of Streptomyces clavuligerus Exposed to Diverse Environmental Conditions and Its Relationship with Clavulanic Acid Biosynthesis. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8091038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Clavulanic acid (CA) is a potent inhibitor of class A β-lactamase enzymes produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus (S. clavuligerus) as a defense mechanism. Due to its industrial interest, the process optimization is under continuous investigation. This work aimed at identifying the potential relationship that might exist between S. clavuligerus ATCC 27064 morphology and CA biosynthesis. For this, modified culture conditions such as source, size, and age of inoculum, culture media, and geometry of fermentation flasks were tested. We observed that high density spore suspensions (1 × 107 spores/mL) represent the best inoculum source for S. clavuligerus cell suspension culture. Further, we studied the life cycle of S. clavuligerus in liquid medium, using optic, confocal, and electron microscopy; results allowed us to observe a potential relationship that might exist between the accumulation of CA and the morphology of disperse hyphae. Reactor geometries that increase shear stress promote smaller pellets and a quick disintegration of these in dispersed secondary mycelia, which begins the pseudosporulation process, thus easing CA accumulation. These outcomes greatly contribute to improving the understanding of antibiotic biosynthesis in the Streptomyces genus.
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Banerjee A, Sharma T, Nautiyal AK, Dasgupta D, Hazra S, Bhaskar T, Ghosh D. Scale-up strategy for yeast single cell oil production for Rhodotorula mucilagenosa IIPL32 from corn cob derived pentosan. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 309:123329. [PMID: 32315915 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This work was aimed to strategically scale-up the yeast lipid production process using Reynolds number as a standard rheological parameter from 50 mL to 50 L scale. Oleaginous yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa IIPL32 was cultivated in xylose rich corncob hydrolysate. The fermentation process for growth and maturation was operated in fed-batch with two different C/N ratios of 40 and 60. The hydrodynamic parameters were used to standardize and represent the effect of rheology on the fermentation process. The growth pattern of the yeast was found similar in both shake flask and fermenter with the maximum growth observed at 48 h. The lipid yield increased from 0.4 g/L and 0.5 g/L to 1.3 g/L and 1.83 g/L for 50 mL to 50 L for C/N ratio 40 and 60 respectively. The increase in productivity during the growth phase and lipid accumulation during the maturation phase showed that the scale-up strategy was successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Banerjee
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India
| | - Tripti Sharma
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India
| | - Abhilek K Nautiyal
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India
| | - Diptarka Dasgupta
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India
| | - Saugata Hazra
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India
| | - Debashish Ghosh
- Material Resource Efficiency Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248005, India.
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Wu Y, Kang Q, Zhang LL, Bai L. Subtilisin-Involved Morphology Engineering for Improved Antibiotic Production in Actinomycetes. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10060851. [PMID: 32503302 PMCID: PMC7356834 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the submerged cultivation of filamentous microbes, including actinomycetes, complex morphology is one of the critical process features for the production of secondary metabolites. Ansamitocin P-3 (AP-3), an antitumor agent, is a secondary metabolite produced by Actinosynnema pretiosum ATCC 31280. An excessive mycelial fragmentation of A. pretiosum ATCC 31280 was observed during the early stage of fermentation. Through comparative transcriptomic analysis, a subtilisin-like serine peptidase encoded gene APASM_4178 was identified to be responsible for the mycelial fragmentation. Mutant WYT-5 with the APASM_4178 deletion showed increased biomass and improved AP-3 yield by 43.65%. We also found that the expression of APASM_4178 is specifically regulated by an AdpA-like protein APASM_1021. Moreover, the mycelial fragmentation was alternatively alleviated by the overexpression of subtilisin inhibitor encoded genes, which also led to a 46.50 ± 0.79% yield increase of AP-3. Furthermore, APASM_4178 was overexpressed in salinomycin-producing Streptomyces albus BK 3-25 and validamycin-producing S. hygroscopicus TL01, which resulted in not only dispersed mycelia in both strains, but also a 33.80% yield improvement of salinomycin to 24.07 g/L and a 14.94% yield improvement of validamycin to 21.46 g/L. In conclusion, our work elucidates the involvement of a novel subtilisin-like serine peptidase in morphological differentiation, and modulation of its expression could be an effective strategy for morphology engineering and antibiotic yield improvement in actinomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200204, China; (Y.W.); (Q.K.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qianjin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200204, China; (Y.W.); (Q.K.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Li-Li Zhang
- College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China;
| | - Linquan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200204, China; (Y.W.); (Q.K.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- College of Life Science, Tarim University, Alar 843300, China;
- Correspondence:
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Mojicevic M, D'Agostino PM, Pavic A, Vojnovic S, Senthamaraikannan R, Vasiljevic B, Gulder TAM, Nikodinovic-Runic J. Streptomyces sp. BV410 isolate from chamomile rhizosphere soil efficiently produces staurosporine with antifungal and antiangiogenic properties. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e986. [PMID: 31989798 PMCID: PMC7066459 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Applying a bioactivity‐guided isolation approach, staurosporine was separated and identified as the active principle in the culture extract of the new isolate Streptomyces sp. BV410 collected from the chamomile rhizosphere. The biotechnological production of staurosporine by strain BV410 was optimized to yield 56 mg/L after 14 days of incubation in soy flour–glucose–starch–mannitol‐based fermentation medium (JS). The addition of FeSO4 significantly improved the staurosporine yield by 30%, while the addition of ZnSO4 significantly reduced staurosporine yield by 62% in comparison with the starting conditions. Although staurosporine was first isolated in 1977 from Lentzea albida (now Streptomyces staurosporeus) and its potent kinase inhibitory effect has been established, here, the biological activity of this natural product was assessed in depth in vivo using a selection of transgenic zebrafish (Danio rerio) models, including Tg(fli1:EGFP) with green fluorescent protein‐labeled endothelial cells allowing visualization and monitoring of blood vessels. This confirmed a remarkable antiangiogenic activity of the compound at doses of 1 ng/ml (2.14 nmol/L) which is below doses inducing toxic effects (45 ng/ml; 75 nmol/L). A new, efficient producing strain of commercially significant staurosporine has been described along with optimized fermentation conditions, which may lead to optimization of the staurosporine scaffold and its wider applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Mojicevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.,Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Paul M D'Agostino
- Chair of Technical Biochemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Biosystems Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Technische Universität München, Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Aleksandar Pavic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Vojnovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Branka Vasiljevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tobias A M Gulder
- Chair of Technical Biochemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Biosystems Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM), Technische Universität München, Garching bei München, Germany
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20
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Gómez-Ríos D, Junne S, Neubauer P, Ochoa S, Ríos-Estepa R, Ramírez-Malule H. Characterization of the Metabolic Response of Streptomyces clavuligerus to Shear Stress in Stirred Tanks and Single-Use 2D Rocking Motion Bioreactors for Clavulanic Acid Production. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8040168. [PMID: 31569725 PMCID: PMC6963652 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8040168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptomyces clavuligerus is a gram-positive filamentous bacterium notable for producing clavulanic acid (CA), an inhibitor of β-lactamase enzymes, which confers resistance to bacteria against several antibiotics. Here we present a comparative analysis of the morphological and metabolic response of S. clavuligerus linked to the CA production under low and high shear stress conditions in a 2D rocking-motion single-use bioreactor (CELL-tainer ®) and stirred tank bioreactor (STR), respectively. The CELL-tainer® guarantees high turbulence and enhanced volumetric mass transfer at low shear stress, which (in contrast to bubble columns) allows the investigation of the impact of shear stress without oxygen limitation. The results indicate that high shear forces do not compromise the viability of S. clavuligerus cells; even higher specific growth rate, biomass, and specific CA production rate were observed in the STR. Under low shear forces in the CELL-tainer® the mycelial diameter increased considerably (average diameter 2.27 in CELL-tainer® vs. 1.44 µm in STR). This suggests that CA production may be affected by a lower surface-to-volume ratio which would lead to lower diffusion and transport of nutrients, oxygen, and product. The present study shows that there is a strong correlation between macromorphology and CA production, which should be an important aspect to consider in industrial production of CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gómez-Ríos
- Grupo de Investigación en Simulación, Diseño, Control y Optimización de Procesos (SIDCOP), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Stefan Junne
- Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, D-13355 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Peter Neubauer
- Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, D-13355 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Silvia Ochoa
- Grupo de Investigación en Simulación, Diseño, Control y Optimización de Procesos (SIDCOP), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
| | - Rigoberto Ríos-Estepa
- Grupo de Bioprocesos, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
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21
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Tesche S, Rösemeier-Scheumann R, Lohr J, Hanke R, Büchs J, Krull R. Salt-enhanced cultivation as a morphology engineering tool for filamentous actinomycetes: Increased production of labyrinthopeptin A1 in Actinomadura namibiensis. Eng Life Sci 2019; 19:781-794. [PMID: 32624971 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201900036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt-enhanced cultivation as a morphology engineering tool for the filamentous actinomycete Actinomadura namibiensis was evaluated in 500-mL shaking flasks (working volume 100 mL) with the aim of increasing the concentration of the pharmaceutically interesting peptide labyrinthopeptin A1. Among the inorganic salts added to a complex production medium, the addition of (NH4)2SO4 led to the highest amount of labyrinthopeptin A1 production. By using 50 mM (NH4)2SO4, the labyrinthopeptin A1 concentration increased up to sevenfold compared to the non-supplemented control, resulting in 325 mg L-1 labyrinthopeptin A1 after 10 days of cultivation. The performance of other ammonium- and sulfate-containing salts (e.g., NH4Cl, K2SO4) was much lower than the performance of (NH4)2SO4. A positive correlation between the uptake of glycerol as one of the main carbon sources and nongrowth-associated labyrinthopeptin productivity was found. The change in the cell morphology of A. namibiensis in conjunction with increased osmolality by the addition of 50 mM (NH4)2SO4, was quantified by image analysis. A. namibiensis always developed a heterogeneous morphology with pellets and loose mycelia present simultaneously. In contrast to the non-supplemented control, the morphology of (NH4)2SO4-supplemented cultures was characterized by smaller and circular pellets that were more stable against disintegration in the stationary production phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Tesche
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ) Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
| | - René Rösemeier-Scheumann
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ) Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
| | - Jonas Lohr
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ) Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
| | - René Hanke
- AVT - Chair of Biochemical Engineering RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Jochen Büchs
- AVT - Chair of Biochemical Engineering RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Rainer Krull
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany.,Center of Pharmaceutical Engineering (PVZ) Technische Universität Braunschweig Braunschweig Germany
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22
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Osadolor OA, Jabbari M, Nair RB, Lennartsson PR, Taherzadeh MJ. Effect of media rheology and bioreactor hydrodynamics on filamentous fungi fermentation of lignocellulosic and starch-based substrates under pseudoplastic flow conditions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 263:250-257. [PMID: 29751232 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.04.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study how media rheology and bioreactor hydrodynamics would influence fermentation of lignocellulosic and starch-based substrates under pseudoplastic flow conditions. This was investigated using hydrolyzed wheat straw, wheat-based thin stillage and filamentous fungi as inoculum in bubble column, airlift and horizontal hybrid tubular/bubble column (textile bioreactor) bioreactors. The rheological models showed that the consistency index was dependent on biomass growth (R2 0.99) while the flow behavior index depended on biomass growth and suspended solid (R2 0.99). Oxygen transfer rate above 0.356 mmol-O2/L/h was needed for growing fungi with a cube-root growth rate constant of 0.03 g1/3/L1/3/h. At 1.4 VVM aeration the textile bioreactor performed better than others with minimal foaming, yields of 0.22 ± 0.01 g/g and 0.47 ± 0.01 g/g for ethanol and biomass, substrate consumption rate of 0.38 g/L/h. Operating the bioreactors with air-flowrate to cross-sectional area ratio of 8.75 × 10-3 (m3/s/m2) or more led to sustained foaming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osagie A Osadolor
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, SE 501 90 Borås, Sweden.
| | - Mostafa Jabbari
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, SE 501 90 Borås, Sweden
| | | | - Patrik R Lennartsson
- Swedish Centre for Resource Recovery, University of Borås, SE 501 90 Borås, Sweden
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Bürger P, Flores-Alsina X, Arellano-Garcia H, Gernaey KV. Improved Prediction of Phosphorus Dynamics in Biotechnological Processes by Considering Precipitation and Polyphosphate Formation: A Case Study on Antibiotic Production with Streptomyces coelicolor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b05249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Bürger
- Department of Particle Technology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Building LG 4/3, Burger Chaussee 2, Cottbus, D-03046, Germany
| | - Xavier Flores-Alsina
- Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Harvey Arellano-Garcia
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Krist V. Gernaey
- Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 229, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
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Streptomyces clavuligerus shows a strong association between TCA cycle intermediate accumulation and clavulanic acid biosynthesis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018. [PMID: 29523936 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-8841-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Clavulanic acid (CA) is produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus (S. clavuligerus) as a secondary metabolite. Knowledge about the carbon flux distribution along the various routes that supply CA precursors would certainly provide insights about metabolic performance. In order to evaluate metabolic patterns and the possible accumulation of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates during CA biosynthesis, batch and subsequent continuous cultures with steadily declining feed rates were performed with glycerol as the main substrate. The data were used to in silico explore the metabolic capabilities and the accumulation of metabolic intermediates in S. clavuligerus. While clavulanic acid accumulated at glycerol excess, it steadily decreased at declining dilution rates; CA synthesis stopped when glycerol became the limiting substrate. A strong association of succinate, oxaloacetate, malate, and acetate accumulation with CA production in S. clavuligerus was observed, and flux balance analysis (FBA) was used to describe the carbon flux distribution in the network. This combined experimental and numerical approach also identified bottlenecks during the synthesis of CA in a batch and subsequent continuous cultivation and demonstrated the importance of this type of methodologies for a more advanced understanding of metabolism; this potentially derives valuable insights for future successful metabolic engineering studies in S. clavuligerus.
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Morphology-driven downscaling of Streptomyces lividans to micro-cultivation. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2017; 111:457-469. [PMID: 29094245 PMCID: PMC5816114 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0967-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacteria are prolific producers of secondary metabolites and industrially relevant enzymes. Growth of these mycelial micro-organisms in small culture volumes is challenging due to their complex morphology. Since morphology and production are typically linked, scaling down culture volumes requires better control over morphogenesis. In larger scale platforms, ranging from shake flasks to bioreactors, the hydrodynamics play an important role in shaping the morphology and determining product formation. Here, we report on the effects of agitation on the mycelial morphology of Streptomyces lividans grown in microtitre plates. Our work shows that at the appropriate agitation rates cultures can be scaled down to volumes as small as 100 µl while maintaining the same morphology as seen in larger scale platforms. Using image analysis and principal component analysis we compared the morphologies of the cultures; when agitated at 1400–1600 rpm the mycelial morphology in micro-cultures was similar to that obtained in shake flasks, while product formation was also maintained. Our study shows that the morphology of actinobacteria in micro-cultures can be controlled in a similar manner as in larger scale cultures by carefully controlling the mixing rate. This could facilitate high-throughput screening and upscaling.
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Scaffaro R, Lopresti F, Sutera A, Botta L, Fontana RM, Gallo G. Plasma modified PLA electrospun membranes for actinorhodin production intensification in Streptomyces coelicolor immobilized-cell cultivations. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 157:233-241. [PMID: 28599184 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Most of industrially relevant bioproducts are produced by submerged cultivations of actinomycetes. The immobilization of these Gram-positive filamentous bacteria on suitable porous supports may prevent mycelial cell-cell aggregation and pellet formation which usually negatively affect actinomycete submerged cultivations, thus, resulting in an improved biosynthetic capability. In this work, electrospun polylactic acid (PLA) membranes, subjected or not to O2-plasma treatment (PLA-plasma), were used as support for immobilized-cell submerged cultivations of Streptomyces coelicolor M145. This strain produces different bioactive compounds, including the blue-pigmented actinorhodin (ACT) and red-pigmented undecylprodigiosin (RED), and constitutes a model for the study of antibiotic-producing actinomycetes. Wet contact angles and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed the increased wettability of PLA-plasma due to the formation of polar functional groups such as carboxyl and hydroxyl moieties. Scanning electron microscope observations, carried out at different incubation times, revealed that S. coelicolor immobilized-cells created a dense "biofilm-like" mycelial network on both kinds of PLA membranes. Cultures of S. coelicolor immobilized-cells on PLA or PLA-plasma membranes produced higher biomass (between 1.5 and 2 fold) as well as higher levels of RED and ACT than planktonic cultures. In particular, cultures of immobilized-cells on PLA and PLA-plasma produced comparable levels of RED that were approximatively 4 and 5 fold higher than those produced by planktonic cultures, respectively. In contrast, levels of ACT produced by immobilized-cell cultures on PLA and PLA-plasma were different, being 5 and 10 fold higher than those of planktonic cultures, respectively. Therefore, this is study demonstrated the positive influence of PLA membrane on growth and secondary metabolite production in S. coelicolor and also revealed that O2-plasma treated PLA membranes specifically promoted higher ACT production than not treated membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Scaffaro
- University of Palermo, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, RU INSTM, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Francesco Lopresti
- University of Palermo, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, RU INSTM, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto Sutera
- University of Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Luigi Botta
- University of Palermo, Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Ambientale, Aerospaziale, dei Materiali, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 6, RU INSTM, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Fontana
- University of Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gallo
- University of Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Viale delle Scienze Ed. 16, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Kumar P, Dubey KK. Mycelium transformation of Streptomyces toxytricini into pellet: Role of culture conditions and kinetics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 228:339-347. [PMID: 28088096 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study envisages the role of different carbon sources, nitrogen sources, metals, pH, inoculum volume and agitation rate in pellet formation of S. toxytricini at shake-flask level. It was found that galactose, ammonium sulphate, sodium nitrate, Cu2+, Zn2+, higher inoculum volume (5% v/v) and agitation rate at 300rpm caused significant reduction in pellet size (up to the range of 30μm-0.5mm) but biomass formations was also reduced subsequently. Interestingly diffused type of morphology was obtained in Fe2+ supplemented medium with reduced biomass (1.5gL-1). Rheological study revealed that non-Newtonian behaviour of culture broth. Besides this, kinetics study was also made to understand the growth kinetics (0.39gL-1h-1), oxygen uptake rate (0.1146mgL-1h-1), and production of lipstatin (0.0072gh-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Punit Kumar
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India
| | - Kashyap Kumar Dubey
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak 124001, Haryana, India; Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh 123031, Haryana, India.
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Significance of Heavy-Ion Beam Irradiation-Induced Avermectin B1a Production by Engineered Streptomyces avermitilis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:5373262. [PMID: 28243599 PMCID: PMC5294878 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5373262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Heavy-ion irradiation technology has advantages over traditional methods of mutagenesis. Heavy-ion irradiation improves the mutation rate, broadens the mutation spectrum, and shortens the breeding cycle. However, few data are currently available regarding its effect on Streptomyces avermitilis morphology and productivity. In this study, the influence of heavy-ion irradiation on S. avermitilis when cultivated in approximately 10 L stirred-tank bioreactors was investigated. The specific productivity of the avermectin (AVM) B1a-producing mutant S. avermitilis 147-G58 increased notably, from 3885 to 5446 μg/mL, approximately 1.6-fold, compared to the original strain. The mycelial morphology of the mutant fermentation processes was microscopically examined. Additionally, protein and metabolite identification was performed by using SDS-PAGE, 2- and 3-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE and 3DE). The results showed that negative regulation gene deletion of mutants led to metabolic process upregulating expression of protein and improving the productivity of an avermectin B1a. The results showed that the heavy-ion beam irradiation dose that corresponded to optimal production was well over the standard dose, at approximately 80 Gy at 220 AMeV (depending on the strain). This study provides reliable data and a feasible method for increasing AVM productivity in industrial processes.
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Rey T, Dumas B. Plenty Is No Plague: Streptomyces Symbiosis with Crops. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 22:30-37. [PMID: 27916552 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Streptomyces spp. constitute a major clade of the phylum Actinobacteria. These Gram-positive, filamentous prokaryotes are ubiquitous in soils and marine sediments, and are commonly found in the rhizosphere or inside plant roots. Plant-interacting Streptomyces have received limited attention, in contrast to Streptomyces spp. extensively investigated for decades in medicine given their rich potential for secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Recent genomic, metabolomic, and biotechnological advances have produced key insights into Streptomyces spp., paving the way to the use of their metabolites in agriculture. In this Opinion article we propose how Streptomyces spp. could dominate future aspects of crop nutrition and protection. Risks and benefits of the use of these microorganisms in agriculture are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Rey
- De Sangosse, Bonnel, 47480 Pont-Du-Casse, France; Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France.
| | - Bernard Dumas
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 24 Chemin de Borde Rouge, Auzeville, BP42617, 31326 Castanet Tolosan, France
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Viana Marques DA, Santos-Ebinuma VC, Pessoa-Júnior A, Porto ALF, Torres BR, Converti A. Effect of aeration and agitation on extractive fermentation of clavulanic acid by using aqueous two-phase system. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:1444-1452. [PMID: 27451982 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the effects of agitation and aeration rates on aqueous two-phase system (ATPS)-based extractive fermentation of clavulanic acid (CA) by Streptomyces variabilis DAUFPE 3060 were investigated through a 22 full factorial design, where oxygen transfer rate (OTR) and oxygen uptake rate (OUR) were selected as the responses. Aeration rates significantly influenced cell growth, OUR, and CA yield, while OTR was practically the same in all the runs. Under the intermediate agitation (950 rpm) and aeration conditions (3.5 vvm) of the central point runs, it was achieved OTR of 1.617 ± 0.049 mmol L-1 h-1 , OUR of 0.132 ± 0.030 mmol L-1 h-1 , maximum CA production of 434 ± 4 mg L-1 , oxygen mass transfer coefficient of 33.40 ± 2.01 s-1 , partition coefficient of 66.5 ± 1.5, CA yield in the top and bottom phases of 75% ± 2% and 19% ± 1%, respectively, mass balance of 95% ± 4% and purification factor of 3.8 ± 0.1. These results not only confirmed the paramount role of O2 supply, broth composition and operational conditions in CA ATPS-extractive fermentation, but also demonstrated the possibility of effectively using this technology as a cheap tool to simultaneously produce and recover CA. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:1444-1452, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela A Viana Marques
- Serra Talhada Campus, University of Pernambuco, Serra Talhada-PE, Brazil, Serra Talhada, PE, Brazil
| | - Valéria C Santos-Ebinuma
- Dept. of Bioprocess and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú Km 1, Araraquara-SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Pessoa-Júnior
- Dept. of Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 580, Bloco 16, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo-SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ana L F Porto
- Dept. of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Av. Dom Manoel De Medeiros, S/N, Dois Irmãos-PE, 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Rivas Torres
- Dept. of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pole of Chemical Engineering, University of Genoa, via Opera Pia 15, Genoa, 16145, Italy
| | - Attilio Converti
- Dept. of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pole of Chemical Engineering, University of Genoa, via Opera Pia 15, Genoa, 16145, Italy
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López-García MT, Rioseras B, Yagüe P, Álvarez JR, Manteca Á. Cell immobilization of Streptomyces coelicolor : effect on differentiation and actinorhodin production. Int Microbiol 2016; 17:75-80. [PMID: 26418851 DOI: 10.2436/20.1501.01.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Streptomycetes are mycelium-forming bacteria that produce two thirds of the clinically relevant secondary metabolites. Despite the fact that secondary metabolite production is activated at specific developmental stages of the Streptomyces spp. life cycle, different streptomycetes show different behaviors, and fermentation conditions need to be optimized for each specific strain and secondary metabolite. Cell-encapsulation constitutes an interesting alternative to classical fermentations, which was demonstrated to be useful in Streptomyces, but development under these conditions remained unexplored. In this work, the influence of cell-encapsulation in hyphae differentiation and actinorhodin production was explored in the model Streptomyces coelicolor strain. Encapsulation led to a delay in growth and to a reduction of mycelium density and cell death. The high proportion of viable hyphae duplicated extracellular actinorhodin production in the encapsulated cultures with respect to the non-encapsulated ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa López-García
- Microbiology Section, Department of Functional Biology and IUOPA, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rioseras
- Microbiology Section, Department of Functional Biology and IUOPA, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Spain
| | - Paula Yagüe
- Microbiology Section, Department of Functional Biology and IUOPA, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Spain
| | - José Ramón Álvarez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, University of Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ángel Manteca
- Microbiology Section, Department of Functional Biology and IUOPA, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Spain
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Barka EA, Vatsa P, Sanchez L, Gaveau-Vaillant N, Jacquard C, Meier-Kolthoff JP, Klenk HP, Clément C, Ouhdouch Y, van Wezel GP. Taxonomy, Physiology, and Natural Products of Actinobacteria. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2016; 80:1-43. [PMID: 26609051 PMCID: PMC4711186 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00019-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 896] [Impact Index Per Article: 112.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacteria are Gram-positive bacteria with high G+C DNA content that constitute one of the largest bacterial phyla, and they are ubiquitously distributed in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Many Actinobacteria have a mycelial lifestyle and undergo complex morphological differentiation. They also have an extensive secondary metabolism and produce about two-thirds of all naturally derived antibiotics in current clinical use, as well as many anticancer, anthelmintic, and antifungal compounds. Consequently, these bacteria are of major importance for biotechnology, medicine, and agriculture. Actinobacteria play diverse roles in their associations with various higher organisms, since their members have adopted different lifestyles, and the phylum includes pathogens (notably, species of Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Propionibacterium, and Tropheryma), soil inhabitants (e.g., Micromonospora and Streptomyces species), plant commensals (e.g., Frankia spp.), and gastrointestinal commensals (Bifidobacterium spp.). Actinobacteria also play an important role as symbionts and as pathogens in plant-associated microbial communities. This review presents an update on the biology of this important bacterial phylum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essaid Ait Barka
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne, UFR Sciences, UPRES EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Parul Vatsa
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne, UFR Sciences, UPRES EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Lisa Sanchez
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne, UFR Sciences, UPRES EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Nathalie Gaveau-Vaillant
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne, UFR Sciences, UPRES EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Cedric Jacquard
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne, UFR Sciences, UPRES EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | | | - Hans-Peter Klenk
- School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Clément
- Laboratoire de Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, Unité de Recherche Vignes et Vins de Champagne, UFR Sciences, UPRES EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Yder Ouhdouch
- Faculté de Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, Laboratoire de Biologie et de Biotechnologie des Microorganismes, Marrakesh, Morocco
| | - Gilles P van Wezel
- Molecular Biotechnology, Institute of Biology, Sylvius Laboratories, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Escobar S, Rodriguez A, Gomez E, Alcon A, Santos VE, Garcia-Ochoa F. Influence of oxygen transfer on Pseudomonas putida effects on growth rate and biodesulfurization capacity. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2016; 39:545-54. [PMID: 26762940 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-016-1536-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The growth rate and desulfurization capacity accumulated by the cells during the growth of Pseudomonas putida KTH2 under different oxygen transfer conditions in a stirred and sparged tank bioreactor have been studied. Hydrodynamic conditions were changed using different agitation conditions. During the culture, several magnitudes associated to growth, such as the specific growth rate, the dissolved oxygen concentration and the carbon source consumption have been measured. Experimental results indicate that cultures are influenced by the fluid dynamic conditions into the bioreactor. An increase in the stirrer speed from 400 to 700 rpm has a positive influence on the cell growth rate. Nevertheless, the increase of agitation from 700 to 2000 rpm hardly has any influence on the growth rate. The effect of fluid dynamics on the cells development of the biodesulfurization (BDS) capacity of the cells during growth is different. The activities of the intracellular enzymes involved in the 4S pathway change with dissolved oxygen concentration. The enzyme activities have been evaluated in cells at several growth time and different hydrodynamic conditions. An increase of the agitation from 100 to 300 rpm has a positive influence on the development of the overall BDS capacity of the cells during growth. This capacity shows a decrease for higher stirrer speeds and the activity of the enzymes monooxygenases DszC and DszA decreases dramatically. The highest value of the activity of DszB enzyme was obtained with cells cultured at 100 rpm, while this activity decreases when the stirrer speed was increased higher than this value.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Escobar
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Rodriguez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Gomez
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Alcon
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - V E Santos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felix Garcia-Ochoa
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Walisko R, Moench-Tegeder J, Blotenberg J, Wucherpfennig T, Krull R. The Taming of the Shrew--Controlling the Morphology of Filamentous Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Microorganisms. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 149:1-27. [PMID: 25796624 DOI: 10.1007/10_2015_322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
One of the most sensitive process characteristics in the cultivation of filamentous biological systems is their complex morphology. In submerged cultures, the observed macroscopic morphology of filamentous microorganisms varies from freely dispersed mycelium to dense spherical pellets consisting of a more or less dense, branched and partially intertwined network of hyphae. Recently, the freely dispersed mycelium form has been in high demand for submerged cultivation because this morphology enhances the growth and production of several valuable products. A distinct filamentous morphology and productivity are influenced by the environment and can be controlled by inoculum concentration, spore viability, pH value, cultivation temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, medium composition, mechanical stress or process mode as well as through the addition of inorganic salts or microparticles, which provides the opportunity to tailor a filamentous morphology. The suitable morphology for a given bioprocess varies depending on the desired product. Therefore, the advantages and disadvantages of each morphological type should be carefully evaluated for every biological system. Because of the high industrial relevance of filamentous microorganisms, research in previous years has aimed at the development of tools and techniques to characterise their growth and obtain quantitative estimates of their morphological properties. The focus of this review is on current advances in the characterisation and control of filamentous morphology with a separation of eukaryotic and prokaryotic systems. Furthermore, recent strategies to tailor the morphology through classical biochemical process parameters, morphology and genetic engineering to optimise the productivity of these filamentous systems are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Walisko
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Gaußstraße 17, 38106, Braunschweig, Germany,
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Gomez E, Alcon A, Escobar S, Santos V, Garcia-Ochoa F. Effect of fluiddynamic conditions on growth rate and biodesulfurization capacity of Rhodococcus erythropolis IGTS8. Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Al-Shorgani NKN, Shukor H, Abdeshahian P, Mohd Nazir MY, Kalil MS, Hamid AA, Wan Yusoff WM. Process optimization of butanol production by Clostridium saccharoperbutylacetonicum N1-4 (ATCC 13564) using palm oil mill effluent in acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Serrano-Carreón L, Galindo E, Rocha-Valadéz JA, Holguín-Salas A, Corkidi G. Hydrodynamics, Fungal Physiology, and Morphology. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 149:55-90. [PMID: 25652005 DOI: 10.1007/10_2015_304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Filamentous cultures, such as fungi and actinomycetes, contribute substantially to the pharmaceutical industry and to enzyme production, with an annual market of about 6 billion dollars. In mechanically stirred reactors, most frequently used in fermentation industry, microbial growth and metabolite productivity depend on complex interactions between hydrodynamics, oxygen transfer, and mycelial morphology. The dissipation of energy through mechanically stirring devices, either flasks or tanks, impacts both microbial growth through shearing forces on the cells and the transfer of mass and energy, improving the contact between phases (i.e., air bubbles and microorganisms) but also causing damage to the cells at high energy dissipation rates. Mechanical-induced signaling in the cells triggers the molecular responses to shear stress; however, the complete mechanism is not known. Volumetric power input and, more importantly, the energy dissipation/circulation function are the main parameters determining mycelial size, a phenomenon that can be explained by the interaction of mycelial aggregates and Kolmogorov eddies. The use of microparticles in fungal cultures is also a strategy to increase process productivity and reproducibility by controlling fungal morphology. In order to rigorously study the effects of hydrodynamics on the physiology of fungal microorganisms, it is necessary to rule out the possible associated effects of dissolved oxygen, something which has been reported scarcely. At the other hand, the processes of phase dispersion (including the suspended solid that is the filamentous biomass) are crucial in order to get an integral knowledge about biological and physicochemical interactions within the bioreactor. Digital image analysis is a powerful tool for getting relevant information in order to establish the mechanisms of mass transfer as well as to evaluate the viability of the mycelia. This review focuses on (a) the main characteristics of the two most common morphologies exhibited by filamentous microorganisms; (b) how hydrodynamic conditions affect morphology and physiology in filamentous cultures; and (c) techniques using digital image analysis to characterize the viability of filamentous microorganisms and mass transfer in multiphase dispersions. Representative case studies of fungi (Trichoderma harzianum and Pleurotus ostreatus) exhibiting different typical morphologies (disperse mycelia and pellets) are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Serrano-Carreón
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, 62210, Cuernavaca, Mor, México,
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Trujillo-de Santiago G, Rojas-de Gante C, García-Lara S, Ballescá-Estrada A, Alvarez MM. Studying mixing in Non-Newtonian blue maize flour suspensions using color analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112954. [PMID: 25401332 PMCID: PMC4234479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-Newtonian fluids occur in many relevant flow and mixing scenarios at the lab and industrial scale. The addition of acid or basic solutions to a non-Newtonian fluid is not an infrequent operation, particularly in Biotechnology applications where the pH of Non-Newtonian culture broths is usually regulated using this strategy. Methodology and Findings We conducted mixing experiments in agitated vessels using Non-Newtonian blue maize flour suspensions. Acid or basic pulses were injected to reveal mixing patterns and flow structures and to follow their time evolution. No foreign pH indicator was used as blue maize flours naturally contain anthocyanins that act as a native, wide spectrum, pH indicator. We describe a novel method to quantitate mixedness and mixing evolution through Dynamic Color Analysis (DCA) in this system. Color readings corresponding to different times and locations within the mixing vessel were taken with a digital camera (or a colorimeter) and translated to the CIELab scale of colors. We use distances in the Lab space, a 3D color space, between a particular mixing state and the final mixing point to characterize segregation/mixing in the system. Conclusion and Relevance Blue maize suspensions represent an adequate and flexible model to study mixing (and fluid mechanics in general) in Non-Newtonian suspensions using acid/base tracer injections. Simple strategies based on the evaluation of color distances in the CIELab space (or other scales such as HSB) can be adapted to characterize mixedness and mixing evolution in experiments using blue maize suspensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grissel Trujillo-de Santiago
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo de Proteínas (CIDPRO), Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Cecilia Rojas-de Gante
- Departamento de Ingeniería en Biotecnología, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Tlalpan, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Silverio García-Lara
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | | | - Mario Moisés Alvarez
- Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
- * E-mail:
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van Dissel D, Claessen D, van Wezel GP. Morphogenesis of Streptomyces in submerged cultures. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2014; 89:1-45. [PMID: 25131399 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800259-9.00001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Members of the genus Streptomyces are mycelial bacteria that undergo a complex multicellular life cycle and propagate via sporulation. Streptomycetes are important industrial microorganisms, as they produce a plethora of medically relevant natural products, including the majority of clinically important antibiotics, as well as a wide range of enzymes with industrial application. While development of Streptomyces in surface-grown cultures is well studied, relatively little is known of the parameters that determine morphogenesis in submerged cultures. Here, growth is characterized by the formation of mycelial networks and pellets. From the perspective of industrial fermentations, such mycelial growth is unattractive, as it is associated with slow growth, heterogeneous cultures, and high viscosity. Here, we review the current insights into the genetic and environmental factors that determine mycelial growth and morphology in liquid-grown cultures. The genetic factors include cell-matrix proteins and extracellular polymers, morphoproteins with specific roles in liquid-culture morphogenesis, with the SsgA-like proteins as well-studied examples, and programmed cell death. Environmental factors refer in particular to those dictated by process engineering, such as growth media and reactor set-up. These insights are then integrated to provide perspectives as to how this knowledge can be applied to improve streptomycetes for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino van Dissel
- Molecular Biotechnology, Institute Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Claessen
- Molecular Biotechnology, Institute Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Gilles P van Wezel
- Molecular Biotechnology, Institute Biology Leiden, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Enhancement of ascomycin production in Streptomyces hygroscopicus var. ascomyceticus by combining resin HP20 addition and metabolic profiling analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 41:1365-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-014-1473-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Combinatorial approach of adsorbent resin HP20 addition and metabolic profiling analysis were carried out to enhance ascomycin production. Under the optimal condition of 5 % m/v HP20 added at 24 h, ascomycin production was increased to 380 from 300 mg/L. To further rationally guide the improvement of ascomycin production, metabolic profiling analysis was employed to investigate the intracellular metabolite changes of Streptomyces hygroscopicus var. ascomyceticus FS35 in response to HP20 addition. A correlation between the metabolic profiles and ascomycin accumulation was revealed by partial least-squares to latent structures discriminant analysis, and 11 key metabolites that most contributed to metabolism differences and ascomycin biosynthesis were identified. Based on the analysis of metabolite changes together with their pathways, the potential key factors associated with ascomycin overproduction were determined. Finally, rationally designed fermentation strategies based on HP20 addition were performed as follows: 2 % v/v n-hexadecane was added at 24 h; 1.0 g/L valine was supplemented at 48 h; 1.0 g/L lysine was added at 72 h. The ascomycin production was ultimately improved to 460 mg/L, a 53.3 % enhancement compared with that obtained in initial condition. These results demonstrated that the combination of HP20 addition and metabolic profiling analysis could be successfully applied to the rational guidance of production improvement of ascomycin, as well as other clinically important compounds.
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Daub A, Böhm M, Delueg S, Mühlmann M, Schneider G, Büchs J. Maximum stable drop size measurements indicate turbulence attenuation by aeration in a 3m3 aerated stirred tank. Biochem Eng J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Xia X, Lin S, Xia XX, Cong FS, Zhong JJ. Significance of agitation-induced shear stress on mycelium morphology and lavendamycin production by engineered Streptomyces flocculus. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:4399-407. [PMID: 24522728 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Revised: 01/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lavendamycin methyl ester (LME) is a derivative of a highly functionalized aminoquinone alkaloid lavendamycin and could be used as a scaffold for novel anticancer agent development. This work demonstrated LME production by cultivation of an engineered strain of Streptomyces flocculus CGMCC4.1223 ΔstnB1, while the wild-type strain did not produce. To enhance its production, the effect of shear stress and oxygen supply on ΔstnB1 strain cultivation was investigated in detail. In flask culture, when the shaking speed increased from 150 to 220 rpm, the mycelium was altered from a large pellet to a filamentous hypha, and the LME production was almost doubled, while no significant differences were observed among varied filling volumes, which implied a crucial role of shear stress in the morphology and LME production. To confirm this suggestion, experiments with agitation speed ranging from 400 to 1,000 rpm at a fixed aeration rate of 1.0 vvm were conducted in a stirred tank bioreactor. It was found that the morphology became more hairy with reduced pellet size, and the LME production was enhanced threefolds when the agitation speed increased from 400 to 800 rpm. Further experiments by varying initial k L a value at the same agitation speed indicated that oxygen supply only slightly affected the physiological status of ΔstnB1 strain. Altogether, shear stress was identified as a major factor affecting the cell morphology and LME production. The work would be helpful to the production of LME and other secondary metabolites by filamentous microorganism cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
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Swainsonine, a novel fungal metabolite: optimization of fermentative production and bioreactor operations using evolutionary programming. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2014; 37:1599-607. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-014-1132-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Genome-wide analysis of the regulation of pimaricin production in Streptomyces natalensis by reactive oxygen species. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:2231-41. [PMID: 24413916 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5455-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the molecular mechanisms that interplay between oxygen metabolism and secondary metabolism in Streptomyces natalensis, we compared the transcriptomes of the strains CAM.02 (ΔsodF), pimaricin under-producer phenotype, and CAM.04 (ΔahpCD), pimaricin over-producer phenotype, with that of the wild type at late exponential and stationary growth phases. Microarray data interpretation was supported by characterization of the mutant strains regarding enzymatic activities, phosphate uptake, oxygen consumption and pimaricin production.Both mutant strains presented a delay in the transcription activation of the PhoRP system and pimaricin biosynthetic gene cluster that correlated with the delayed inorganic phosphate (Pi) depletion in the medium and late onset of pimaricin production, respectively. The carbon flux of both mutants was also altered: a re-direction from glycolysis to the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) in early exponential phase followed by a transcriptional activation of both pathways in subsequent growth phases was observed. Mutant behavior diverged at the respiratory chain/tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and the branched chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism. CAM.02 (ΔsodF) presented an impaired TCA cycle and an inhibition of the BCAA biosynthesis and degradation pathways. Conversely, CAM.04 (ΔahpCD) presented a global activation of BCAA metabolism.The results highlight the cellular NADPH/NADH ratio and the availability of biosynthetic precursors via the BCAA metabolism as the main pimaricin biosynthetic bottlenecks under oxidative stress conditions. Furthermore, new evidences are provided regarding a crosstalk between phosphate metabolism and oxidative stress in Streptomyces.
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Rioseras B, López-García MT, Yagüe P, Sánchez J, Manteca Á. Mycelium differentiation and development of Streptomyces coelicolor in lab-scale bioreactors: programmed cell death, differentiation, and lysis are closely linked to undecylprodigiosin and actinorhodin production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 151:191-8. [PMID: 24240146 PMCID: PMC3858829 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Streptomycetes are mycelium-forming bacteria that produce two thirds of clinically relevant secondary metabolites. Secondary metabolite production is activated at specific developmental stages of Streptomyces life cycle. Despite this, Streptomyces differentiation in industrial bioreactors tends to be underestimated and the most important parameters managed are only indirectly related to differentiation: modifications to the culture media, optimization of productive strains by random or directed mutagenesis, analysis of biophysical parameters, etc. In this work the relationship between differentiation and antibiotic production in lab-scale bioreactors was defined. Streptomyces coelicolor was used as a model strain. Morphological differentiation was comparable to that occurring during pre-sporulation stages in solid cultures: an initial compartmentalized mycelium suffers a programmed cell death, and remaining viable segments then differentiate to a second multinucleated antibiotic-producing mycelium. Differentiation was demonstrated to be one of the keys to interpreting biophysical fermentation parameters and to rationalizing the optimization of secondary metabolite production in bioreactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rioseras
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional e IUOPA, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Teresa López-García
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional e IUOPA, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Paula Yagüe
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional e IUOPA, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jesús Sánchez
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional e IUOPA, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ángel Manteca
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional e IUOPA, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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Anthraquinones production in Rubia tinctorum cell suspension cultures: Down scale of shear effects. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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