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Wong S, Kaur J, Kumar P, Karremans AP, Sharma J. Distinct orchid mycorrhizal fungal communities among co-occurring Vanilla species in Costa Rica: root substrate and population-based segregation. MYCORRHIZA 2024; 34:229-250. [PMID: 38664239 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-024-01147-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite being the second largest family of flowering plants, orchids represent community structure variation in plant-microbial associations, contributes to niche partitioning in metacommunity assemblages. Yet, mycorrhizal communities and interactions remain unknown for orchids that are highly specialized or even obligated in their associations with their mycorrhizal partners. In this study, we sought to compare orchid mycorrhizal fungal (OMF) communities of three co-occurring hemiepiphytic Vanilla species (V. hartii, V. pompona, and V. trigonocarpa) in tropical forests of Costa Rica by addressing the identity of their OMF communities across species, root types, and populations, using high-throughput sequencing. Sequencing the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (nrITS) yielded 299 fungal Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) from 193 root samples. We showed distinct segregation in the putative OMF (pOMF) communities of the three coexisting Vanilla hosts. We also found that mycorrhizal communities associated with the rare V. hartii varied among populations. Furthermore, we identified Tulasnellaceae and Ceratobasidiaceae as dominant pOMF families in terrestrial roots of the three Vanilla species. In contrast, the epiphytic roots were mainly dominated by OTUs belonging to the Atractiellales and Serendipitaceae. Furthermore, the pOMF communities differed significantly across populations of the widespread V. trigonocarpa and showed patterns of distance decay in similarity. This is the first report of different pOMF communities detected in roots of wild co-occurring Vanilla species using high-throughput sequencing, which provides evidence that three coexisting Vanilla species and their root types exhibited pOMF niche partitioning, and that the rare and widespread Vanilla hosts displayed diverse mycorrhizal preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wong
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
| | - Jaspreet Kaur
- Department of Biology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, 1725 State Street, La Crosse, WI, 54601, USA
| | - Pankaj Kumar
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
| | - Adam P Karremans
- Lankester Botanical Garden, University of Costa Rica, P.O. Box 302-7050, Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Jyotsna Sharma
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA
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Leng C, Hou M, Xing Y, Chen J. Perspective and challenges of mycorrhizal symbiosis in orchid medicinal plants. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2024; 16:172-179. [PMID: 38706832 PMCID: PMC11064572 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The family Orchidaceae is of the most diverse taxon in the plant kingdom, and most of its members are highly valuable herbal medicines. Orchids have a unique mycorrhizal symbiotic relationship with specific fungi for carbohydrate and nutrient supplies in their whole lifecycle. The large-scale cultivation of the medicinal plant Gastodia elata is a successful example of using mycorrhizal symbiotic technology. In this review, we adopted G. elata and Dendrobium officinale as examples to describe the characteristics of orchid mycorrhiza and mycorrhizal benefits for host plants' growth and health (e.g. biotic and abiotic stress and secondary metabolite accumulation). The challenges in applying mycorrhizal technology to the cultivation of orchid medicinal plants in the future were also discussed. This review aims to serve as a theoretical guide for the cultivation of mycorrhizal technology in medicinal orchid plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Leng
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Mengyan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongmei Xing
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
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Zhang G, Hu Y, Huang MZ, Huang WC, Liu DK, Zhang D, Hu H, Downing JL, Liu ZJ, Ma H. Comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of Orchidaceae using nuclear genes and evolutionary insights into epiphytism. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:1204-1225. [PMID: 36738233 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Orchidaceae (with >28,000 orchid species) are one of the two largest plant families, with economically and ecologically important species, and occupy global and diverse niches with primary distribution in rainforests. Among orchids, 70% grow on other plants as epiphytes; epiphytes contribute up to ~50% of the plant diversity in rainforests and provide food and shelter for diverse animals and microbes, thereby contributing to the health of these ecosystems. Orchids account for over two-thirds of vascular epiphytes and provide an excellent model for studying evolution of epiphytism. Extensive phylogenetic studies of Orchidaceae and subgroups have ;been crucial for understanding relationships among many orchid lineages, although some uncertainties remain. For example, in the largest subfamily Epidendroideae with nearly all epiphytic orchids, relationships among some tribes and many subtribes are still controversial, hampering evolutionary analyses of epiphytism. Here we obtained 1,450 low-copy nuclear genes from 610 orchid species, including 431 with newly generated transcriptomes, and used them for the reconstruction of robust Orchidaceae phylogenetic trees with highly supported placements of tribes and subtribes. We also provide generally well-supported phylogenetic placements of 131 genera and 437 species that were not sampled by previous plastid and nuclear phylogenomic studies. Molecular clock analyses estimated the Orchidaceae origin at ~132 million years ago (Ma) and divergences of most subtribes from 52 to 29 Ma. Character reconstruction supports at least 14 parallel origins of epiphytism; one such origin was placed at the most recent common ancestor of ~95% of epiphytic orchids and linked to modern rainforests. Ten occurrences of rapid increase in the diversification rate were detected within Epidendroideae near and after the K-Pg boundary, contributing to ~80% of the Orchidaceae diversity. This study provides a robust and the largest family-wide Orchidaceae nuclear phylogenetic tree thus far and new insights into the evolution of epiphytism in vascular plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojin Zhang
- Department of Biology, 510 Mueller Laboratory, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Biology, 510 Mueller Laboratory, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Ming-Zhong Huang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wei-Chang Huang
- Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Songjiang, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Ding-Kun Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Diyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Haihua Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jason L Downing
- Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Coral Gables, Florida, 33156, USA
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Biology, 510 Mueller Laboratory, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
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Liu H, Jacquemyn H, Yu S, Chen W, He X, Huang Y. Mycorrhizal diversity and community composition in co-occurring Cypripedium species. MYCORRHIZA 2023; 33:107-118. [PMID: 36396734 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-022-01095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Orchids commonly rely on mycorrhizal fungi to obtain the necessary resources for seed germination and growth. Whereas most photosynthetic orchids typically associate with so-called rhizoctonia fungi to complete their life cycle, there is increasing evidence that other fungi may be involved as well and that the mycorrhizal communities associated with orchids may be more diverse. Coexisting orchid species also tend to associate with different fungi to reduce competition for similar resources and to increase long-term population viability. However, few studies have related the mycorrhizal communities in the rhizosphere to communities found in the roots of closely related coexisting orchid species. In this study, we used high-throughput sequencing to investigate the diversity and community composition of orchid mycorrhizal fungi in the roots and the rhizosphere of four Cypripedium species growing in forests in Northeast China. The results showed that the investigated Cypripedium species associated with a wide variety of fungi including members of Tulasnellaceae, Psathyrellaceae, and Herpotrichiellaceae, whereas members of Russulaceae, Cortinariaceae, Thelephoraceae, and Herpotrichiellaceae showed high abundance in rhizosphere soils. The diversity of fungi detected in the rhizosphere soil was much higher than that in the roots. The observed variation in fungal communities in Cypripedium roots was not related to forest site or orchid species. On the other hand, variation in mycorrhizal communities of rhizosphere soil was significantly related to sampling site. These results indicate that orchid mycorrhizal communities in the rhizosphere display considerable variation among sites and that orchids use only a subset of the locally available fungi. Future studies focusing on the fine-scale spatial distribution of orchid mycorrhizal fungi and more detailed assessments of local environmental conditions will provide novel insights into the mechanisms explaining variation of fungal communities in both orchid roots and the rhizosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanchu Liu
- Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiangxi, 332900, China
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, B-3001, Belgium
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, B-3001, Belgium
| | - Shuai Yu
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Shenyang Arboretum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
- Shenyang Arboretum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China.
| | - Xingyuan He
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Shenyang Arboretum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Yanqing Huang
- Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- Shenyang Arboretum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
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Shi L, Han L, Zhao Z, Li Q, Wang Y, Ding G, Xing X. Furanoids from the Gymnadenia conopsea (Orchidaceae) seed germination supporting fungus Ceratobasidium sp. (GS2). Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1037292. [PMID: 36466680 PMCID: PMC9712750 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1037292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Five furanoids including a new analog (S)-1,4-di(furan-2-yl)-2-hydroxybutane-1,4-dione (1) together with four known ones, rhizosolaniol (2), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (3), 2-furoic acid (4) and (2-furyl) oxoacetamide (5), were isolated from the fungal strain Ceratobasidium sp. (GS2) inducing seed germination of the endangered medicinal plant Gymnadenia conopsea of Orchidaceae. The structure of new furanoid 1 was determined mainly based on HR-ESI-MS and NMR spectral data. Modified Mosher's reactions were used to establish the stereochemistry of the hydroxyl group in 1, which was not stable in Mosher's reagents and transformed into four analogs 6-9. These degraded products (6-9) were elucidated based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis, and compound 8 was further isolated from the degraded mixture and its structure was characterized through NMR experiments. Therefore, the absolute configuration of compound 1 was determined by electronic circular dichroism combined with quantum-chemical calculations adopting time-dependent density functional theory. Compounds (1-5), and 8 showed weak antioxidant activities, and compounds (2-4) displayed phytotoxicity on punctured detached green foxtail leaves. In addition, compounds 3 and 4 strongly showed inhibition activities on the seed germination of G. conopsea. This was the first chemical investigation of the symbiotic fungus of G. conopsea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Han
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanduo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoke Xing
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Zhang L, Rammitsu K, Tetsuka K, Yukawa T, Ogura-Tsujita Y. Dominant Dendrobium officinale mycorrhizal partners vary among habitats and strongly induce seed germination in vitro. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.994641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendrobium officinale (Orchidaceae) is an endangered epiphytic orchid that has been well studied as a medicinal plant. Although previous studies have shown that various fungal isolates promote D. officinale seed germination and seedling development in vitro, mycorrhizal associations among its wild populations remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified mycorrhizal fungi associated with D. officinale (36 individuals from six sites) using Sanger sequencing and compared fungal communities among sites and habitats (lithophytic vs. epiphytic individuals). Among the obtained sequences, 76 belonged to orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF), among which Tulasnellaceae accounted for 45.8% and Serendipitaceae for 28.1%. The Serendipitaceae operational taxonomic unit (OTU) SE1 was the most dominant partner, accounting for 27.1% of all detected fungal sequences, followed by a Tulasnellaceae OTU, TU27, which accounted for 15.6%. The relative frequencies of Serendipitaceae and Tulasnellaceae differed greatly between lithophytic and epiphytic individuals. Serendipitaceae accounted for 47.3% of the OMF sequences among lithophytes, and Tulasnellaceae for 95.2% among epiphytes. Mycorrhizal community composition also varied among sites. We further conducted in vitro symbiotic culture from seeds with six fungal isolates. Two Serendipitaceae and two Tulasnellaceae isolates, including SE1 and TU27, significantly promoted seed germination and seedling development. These results indicate that D. officinale is mainly associated with Tulasnellaceae and Serendipitaceae as its main fungal partners, which strongly induced seed germination and seedling development in vitro, suggesting their association with D. officinale through its life cycle.
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Liu N, Jacquemyn H, Liu Q, Shao SC, Ding G, Xing X. Effects of a Dark Septate Fungal Endophyte on the Growth and Physiological Response of Seedlings to Drought in an Epiphytic Orchid. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:961172. [PMID: 35875551 PMCID: PMC9304953 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.961172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dark septate endophytes (DSE) are a group of facultative biotrophic root-colonizing fungi that live within a plant for a part of their life cycle without causing any apparent, overt negative effects. These fungi have been found in >600 different plant species, including orchids. Although the precise ecological functions of dark septate fungal endophytes are not yet well understood, there is increasing evidence that they enhance host growth and nutrient acquisition, and improve the plant’s ability to tolerate biotic and abiotic stresses. In this research, we tested the effects of a DSE isolated from the roots of the epiphytic orchid Coelogyne viscosa on the growth and drought tolerance of orchid seedlings. Our results showed that addition of DSE inoculum significantly enhanced biomass of seedlings and increased the activities of drought resistance related enzymes and the accumulation of osmoregulatory substances. These results suggest that DSE can fulfill important ecological functions in stressful environments and potentially play an important role in the life cycle of epiphytic orchids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Ecological and Environmental Engineering, Yunnan Forestry Technological College, Kunming, China
| | - Shi-Cheng Shao
- Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, China
| | - Gang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoke Xing
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoke Xing,
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Chen J, Tang Y, Kohler A, Lebreton A, Xing Y, Zhou D, Li Y, Martin FM, Guo S. Comparative Transcriptomics Analysis of the Symbiotic Germination of D. officinale (Orchidaceae) With Emphasis on Plant Cell Wall Modification and Cell Wall-Degrading Enzymes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:880600. [PMID: 35599894 PMCID: PMC9120867 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.880600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Orchid seed germination in nature is an extremely complex physiological and ecological process involving seed development and mutualistic interactions with a restricted range of compatible mycorrhizal fungi. The impact of the fungal species' partner on the orchids' transcriptomic and metabolic response is still unknown. In this study, we performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis between symbiotic and asymbiotic germination at three developmental stages based on two distinct fungi (Tulasnella sp. and Serendipita sp.) inoculated to the same host plant, Dendrobium officinale. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encoding important structural proteins of the host plant cell wall were identified, such as epidermis-specific secreted glycoprotein, proline-rich receptor-like protein, and leucine-rich repeat (LRR) extensin-like protein. These DEGs were significantly upregulated in the symbiotic germination stages and especially in the protocorm stage (stage 3) and seedling stage (stage 4). Differentially expressed carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) in symbiotic fungal mycelium were observed, they represented 66 out of the 266 and 99 out of the 270 CAZymes annotated in Tulasnella sp. and Serendipita sp., respectively. These genes were speculated to be involved in the reduction of plant immune response, successful colonization by fungi, or recognition of mycorrhizal fungi during symbiotic germination of orchid seed. Our study provides important data to further explore the molecular mechanism of symbiotic germination and orchid mycorrhiza and contribute to a better understanding of orchid seed biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjing Tang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Annegret Kohler
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, INRAE Grand Est - Nancy, Champenoux, France
| | - Annie Lebreton
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, INRAE Grand Est - Nancy, Champenoux, France
| | - Yongmei Xing
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Francis M. Martin
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, INRAE Grand Est - Nancy, Champenoux, France
| | - Shunxing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Selosse MA, Petrolli R, Mujica MI, Laurent L, Perez-Lamarque B, Figura T, Bourceret A, Jacquemyn H, Li T, Gao J, Minasiewicz J, Martos F. The Waiting Room Hypothesis revisited by orchids: were orchid mycorrhizal fungi recruited among root endophytes? ANNALS OF BOTANY 2022; 129:259-270. [PMID: 34718377 PMCID: PMC8835631 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcab134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As in most land plants, the roots of orchids (Orchidaceae) associate with soil fungi. Recent studies have highlighted the diversity of the fungal partners involved, mostly within Basidiomycotas. The association with a polyphyletic group of fungi collectively called rhizoctonias (Ceratobasidiaceae, Tulasnellaceae and Serendipitaceae) is the most frequent. Yet, several orchid species target other fungal taxa that differ from rhizoctonias by their phylogenetic position and/or ecological traits related to their nutrition out of the orchid roots (e.g. soil saprobic or ectomycorrhizal fungi). We offer an evolutionary framework for these symbiotic associations. SCOPE Our view is based on the 'Waiting Room Hypothesis', an evolutionary scenario stating that mycorrhizal fungi of land flora were recruited from ancestors that initially colonized roots as endophytes. Endophytes biotrophically colonize tissues in a diffuse way, contrasting with mycorrhizae by the absence of morphological differentiation and of contribution to the plant's nutrition. The association with rhizoctonias is probably the ancestral symbiosis that persists in most extant orchids, while during orchid evolution numerous secondary transitions occurred to other fungal taxa. We suggest that both the rhizoctonia partners and the secondarily acquired ones are from fungal taxa that have broad endophytic ability, as exemplified in non-orchid roots. We review evidence that endophytism in non-orchid plants is the current ecology of many rhizoctonias, which suggests that their ancestors may have been endophytic in orchid ancestors. This also applies to the non-rhizoctonia fungi that were secondarily recruited by several orchid lineages as mycorrhizal partners. Indeed, from our review of the published literature, they are often detected, probably as endophytes, in extant rhizoctonia-associated orchids. CONCLUSION The orchid family offers one of the best documented examples of the 'Waiting Room Hypothesis': their mycorrhizal symbioses support the idea that extant mycorrhizal fungi have been recruited among endophytic fungi that colonized orchid ancestors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-André Selosse
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (UMR 7205 – CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Rémi Petrolli
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (UMR 7205 – CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - María Isabel Mujica
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (UMR 7205 – CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
- Departamento de Ecología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile, & Instituto de Ecología and Biodiversidad (IEB), Alameda 340, Santiago, Chile
| | - Liam Laurent
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (UMR 7205 – CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Benoît Perez-Lamarque
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (UMR 7205 – CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut de Biologie de l’École Normale Supérieure (IBENS), École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 46 rue d’Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Tomáš Figura
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (UMR 7205 – CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Amelia Bourceret
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (UMR 7205 – CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- Department of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology, Department of Biology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Taiqiang Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jiangyun Gao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Julita Minasiewicz
- Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Florent Martos
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (UMR 7205 – CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France
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10
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Zhou Z, Shi R, Zhang Y, Xing X, Jin X. Orchid conservation in China from 2000 to 2020: Achievements and perspectives. PLANT DIVERSITY 2021; 43:343-349. [PMID: 34816060 PMCID: PMC8591184 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We review achievements in the conservation of orchid diversity in China over the last 21 years. We provide updated information on orchid biodiversity and suggestions for orchid conservation in China. We outline national policies of biodiversity conservation, especially of orchid conservation, which provide general guidelines for orchid conservation in China. There are now approximately 1708 known species of Orchidaceae in 181 genera in China, including five new genera and 365 new species described over the last 21 years. The assessment of risk of extinction of all 1502 known native orchid species in China in 2013 indicated that 653 species were identified as threatened, 132 species were treated as data-deficient, and four species endemic to China were classified as extinct. Approximately 1100 species (ca. 65%) are protected in national nature reserves, and another ~66 species in provincial nature reserves. About 800 native orchid species have living collections in major botanical gardens. The pollination biology of 74 native orchid species and the genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure of 29 orchid species have been investigated at a local scale and/or across species distributions. The mycorrhizal fungal community composition has been investigated in many genera, such as Bletilla, Coelogyne, Cymbidium, Cypripedium, and Dendrobium. Approximately 292 species will be included in the list of national key protected wild plants this year. Two major tasks for near future include in situ conservation and monitoring population dynamics of endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Zhou
- Department of Wildlife Conservation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, No. 18, Hepingli Dongjie, Beijing, 100714, China
| | - Ronghong Shi
- Department of Wildlife Conservation, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, No. 18, Hepingli Dongjie, Beijing, 100714, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Beijing Botanical Garden, Wofosi Rd, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xiaoke Xing
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaohua Jin
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IBCAS), Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, PR China
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11
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Leroy C, Maes AQ, Louisanna E, Schimann H, Séjalon-Delmas N. Taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity of root-associated fungi in bromeliads: effects of host identity, life forms and nutritional modes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 231:1195-1209. [PMID: 33605460 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bromeliads represent a major component of neotropical forests and encompass a considerable diversity of life forms and nutritional modes. Bromeliads explore highly stressful habitats and root-associated fungi may play a crucial role in this, but the driving factors and variations in root-associated fungi remain largely unknown. We explored root-associated fungal communities in 17 bromeliad species and their variations linked to host identity, life forms and nutritional modes by using ITS1 gene-based high-throughput sequencing and by characterizing fungal functional guilds. We found a dual association of mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal fungi. The different species, life forms and nutritional modes among bromeliad hosts had fungal communities that differ in their taxonomic and functional composition. Specifically, roots of epiphytic bromeliads had more endophytic fungi and dark septate endophytes and fewer mycorrhizal fungi than terrestrial bromeliads and lithophytes. Our results contribute to a fundamental knowledge base on different fungal groups in previously undescribed Bromeliaceae. The diverse root-associated fungal communities in bromeliads may enhance plant fitness in both stressful and nutrient-poor environments and may give more flexibility to the plants to adapt to changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Leroy
- AMAP, CIRAD, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, 34000, France
- UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, 97310, France
| | | | - Eliane Louisanna
- UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, 97310, France
| | - Heidy Schimann
- UMR EcoFoG, CNRS, CIRAD, AgroParisTech, INRAE, Université des Antilles, Université de Guyane, Kourou, 97310, France
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12
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Li T, Yang W, Wu S, Selosse MA, Gao J. Progress and Prospects of Mycorrhizal Fungal Diversity in Orchids. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:646325. [PMID: 34025694 PMCID: PMC8138444 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.646325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Orchids form mycorrhizal symbioses with fungi in natural habitats that affect their seed germination, protocorm growth, and adult nutrition. An increasing number of studies indicates how orchids gain mineral nutrients and sometime even organic compounds from interactions with orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF). Thus, OMF exhibit a high diversity and play a key role in the life cycle of orchids. In recent years, the high-throughput molecular identification of fungi has broadly extended our understanding of OMF diversity, revealing it to be a dynamic outcome co-regulated by environmental filtering, dispersal restrictions, spatiotemporal scales, biogeographic history, as well as the distribution, selection, and phylogenetic spectrum width of host orchids. Most of the results show congruent emerging patterns. Although it is still difficult to extend them to all orchid species or geographical areas, to a certain extent they follow the "everything is everywhere, but the environment selects" rule. This review provides an extensive understanding of the diversity and ecological dynamics of orchid-fungal association. Moreover, it promotes the conservation of resources and the regeneration of rare or endangered orchids. We provide a comprehensive overview, systematically describing six fields of research on orchid-fungal diversity: the research methods of orchid-fungal interactions, the primer selection in high-throughput sequencing, the fungal diversity and specificity in orchids, the difference and adaptability of OMF in different habitats, the comparison of OMF in orchid roots and soil, and the spatiotemporal variation patterns of OMF. Further, we highlight certain shortcomings of current research methodologies and propose perspectives for future studies. This review emphasizes the need for more information on the four main ecological processes: dispersal, selection, ecological drift, and diversification, as well as their interactions, in the study of orchid-fungal interactions and OMF community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiqiang Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenke Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Shimao Wu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Marc-André Selosse
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, UMR 7205, CNRS, MNHN, UPMC, EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
- Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jiangyun Gao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
- Laboratory of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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13
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Eskov AK, Voronina EY, Tedersoo L, Tiunov AV, Manh V, Prilepsky NG, Antipina VA, Elumeeva TG, Abakumov EV, Onipchenko VG. Orchid epiphytes do not receive organic substances from living trees through fungi. MYCORRHIZA 2020; 30:697-704. [PMID: 32803447 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-020-00980-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies of terrestrial orchids have demonstrated widespread partial mycoheterotrophy, particularly the possibility of obtaining organic matter from surrounding trees through a common fungal network. Fungi are also widespread in epiphytic orchid roots, but there have been no attempts to determine if epiphytes accept organic matter from the living stems of their phorophytes. We hypothesise that such transfer does not exist because epiphytes and phorophytes harbour different fungal communities. To test this hypothesis, we tagged three short Randia sp. trees with 13C-enriched CO2 and examined 13C transfer from the phorophyte into the epiphytic orchids Grosourdya appendiculata, Dendrobium oligophyllum and Gastrochilus sp. in Cat Tien National Park, (South Vietnam, Cat Tien National Park, plot size approx. 1 ha). The coincidence of fungal sequences in the orchid roots and in the branches on which they grew was also examined. We did not detect 13C label moving from phorophytes to epiphytes. Using Illumina sequencing, 162 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected. The fungal communities were significantly different between the roots of epiphytes and branches of phorophytes, although no strict fungal specificity at the species level was found in either epiphytes or phorophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alen K Eskov
- Tzitzin Main Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Botanicheskaya ul., 117628, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Elena Yu Voronina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Department of Mycology and Microbiology, University of Tartu, 46 Vanemuise, 51005, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Alexey V Tiunov
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33 Leninskij prosp., 119071, Moscow, Russia
- The Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Scientific and Technological Centre, Southern Branch, 3 st. 3/2, district 10, Ho Chi Minh, 70000, Vietnam
| | - Vu Manh
- The Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Scientific and Technological Centre, Southern Branch, 3 st. 3/2, district 10, Ho Chi Minh, 70000, Vietnam
| | - Nikolay G Prilepsky
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Violetta A Antipina
- Tzitzin Main Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Botanicheskaya ul., 117628, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana G Elumeeva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-12 Leninskie Gory, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny V Abakumov
- Saint-Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., 199034, St. Petersburg, Russia
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14
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Qin J, Zhang W, Zhang SB, Wang JH. Similar mycorrhizal fungal communities associated with epiphytic and lithophytic orchids of Coelogyne corymbosa. PLANT DIVERSITY 2020; 42:362-369. [PMID: 33134620 PMCID: PMC7584797 DOI: 10.1016/j.pld.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Mycorrhizal fungi are essential for the growth and development of both epiphytic (growing on trees) and lithophytic (growing on rocks) orchids. Previous studies indicate that in lowland tropical areas, orchid mycorrhizal fungal compositions are correlated with the life form (i.e., epiphytic, lithophytic, or terrestrial) of their host plants. We therefore tested if a similar correlation exists in an orchid distributed at higher elevations. Coelogyne corymbosa is an endangered ornamental orchid species that can be found as a lithophyte and epiphyte in subtropical to subalpine areas. Based on high-throughput sequencing of the fungal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2)-rDNA region of mycorrhizae of C. corymbosa, we detected 73 putative mycorrhizal fungal Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). The OTUs of two dominant lineages (Cantharellales and Sebacinales) detected from C. corymbosa are phylogenetically different from those of other species within the genus Coelogyne, indicating that different orchid species prefer specific mycorrhizal fungi. We also found that the Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plots of orchid mycorrhizal fungi were not clustered with life form, the variations among orchid mycorrhizal fungal communities of different life forms were not significant, and most of the OTUs detected from epiphytic individuals were shared by the lithophytic plants, suggesting that orchid mycorrhizal associations of C. corymbosa were not affected by life form. These findings provide novel insights into mycorrhizal associations with endangered ornamental orchids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan, China
| | - Shi-Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ji-Hua Wang
- Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650205, China
- Corresponding author.
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15
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Lin M, Xiong H, Xiang X, Zhou Z, Liang L, Mei Z. The Effect of Plant Geographical Location and Developmental Stage on Root-Associated Microbiomes of Gymnadenia conopsea. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1257. [PMID: 32625183 PMCID: PMC7314937 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gymnadenia conopsea (L.) R. Br. is an important perennial terrestrial photosynthetic orchid species whose microbiomes are considered to play an important role in helping its germination and growth. However, the assemblage of G. conopsea root-associated microbial communities is poorly understood. The compositions of fungal and bacterial communities from the roots and corresponding soil samples in G. conopsea across distinct biogeographical regions from two significantly different altitudes were characterized at the vegetative and reproductive growth stages. The geographical location, developmental stage and compartment were factors contributing to microbiome variation in G. conopsea. Predominant fungal taxa include Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota and Chytridiomycota, whereas Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Chloroflexi, TM7 and Planctomycetes were predominant bacterial taxa. Using G. conopsea as a model, the structural and functional composition in G. conopsea root-associated microbiomes were comprehensive analyzed. Contrary to previous studies, biogeography was the main factor influencing the microbial community in this study. Besides, compartment and developmental stage should also be considered to analyze the variation of microbiota composition. Although the microbial composition varied greatly by location, the symbiotic microorganisms of G. conopsea still have certain specificity. This study gives an abundant information of G. conopsea root-associated microbiomes and provides new clues to better understanding the factors affecting the composition and diversity of fungal/bacterial communities associated with orchids. Our results also laying a foundation for harnessing the microbiome for sustainable G. conopsea cultivation. Moreover, these results might be generally applicable to other orchidaceae plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Lin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Xiong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuechuan Xiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Zelin Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Lifeng Liang
- Institute of Ethnomedicine, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhinan Mei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
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16
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Xing X, Liu Q, Gao Y, Shao S, Guo L, Jacquemyn H, Zhao Z, Guo S. The Architecture of the Network of Orchid–Fungus Interactions in Nine Co-occurring Dendrobium Species. Front Ecol Evol 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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17
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Izuddin M, Srivathsan A, Lee AL, Yam TW, Webb EL. Availability of orchid mycorrhizal fungi on roadside trees in a tropical urban landscape. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19528. [PMID: 31863015 PMCID: PMC6925147 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Urban expansion threatens biodiversity worldwide, therefore urban spaces need to be amenable to biodiversity conservation. On trees in urban environments, natural colonisation and successful translocation of epiphytic orchids are necessary to enhance urban biodiversity, and depend on the availability of compatible orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF). However, the extent of OMF presence and distribution, as well as niche requirements for the OMF, remain poorly studied. To identify and quantify OMF on urban trees as well as assess their suitability for native epiphytic orchids, we conducted high-throughput sequencing on tree bark and orchid root samples. OMF were detected at 60% of the study sites on 16% of 270 bark samples (from stem, fork, and branch microsites within each tree). OMF presence and richness on bark samples were related to multiple biophysical factors; in general, humus presence and precipitation levels were positively predictive of OMF presence and richness. We found Ceratobasidiaceae- and Serendipitaceae-associated OMF both on bark and within roots. Orchid species also showed differing mycorrhizal specificity. Sites associated with fungal genera Ceratobasidium, Rhizoctonia, and Serendipita were considered suitable habitats for seven orchid species. The results suggest that urban trees support OMF and are therefore suitable for native orchid species; however, OMF availability are largely constrained by biophysical factors. To maximise the likelihood of translocation success and consequent natural establishment, we propose that (micro)sites are screened for compatible OMF prior to any intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Izuddin
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
| | - Amrita Srivathsan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Ai Lan Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Tim Wing Yam
- Singapore Botanic Gardens, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 25956, Singapore
| | - Edward L Webb
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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18
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Herrera P, Suárez JP, Sánchez-Rodríguez A, Molina MC, Prieto M, Méndez M. Many broadly-shared mycobionts characterize mycorrhizal interactions of two coexisting epiphytic orchids in a high elevation tropical forest. FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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19
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Xing X, Jacquemyn H, Gai X, Gao Y, Liu Q, Zhao Z, Guo S. The impact of life form on the architecture of orchid mycorrhizal networks in tropical forest. OIKOS 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.06363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Xing
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Inst. of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College CN‐100193 Beijing PR China
| | - Hans Jacquemyn
- KU Leuven, Dept of Biology, Plant Conservation and Population Biology Leuven Belgium
| | - Xuege Gai
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Inst. of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College CN‐100193 Beijing PR China
| | - Yue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Inst. of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College CN‐100193 Beijing PR China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Yunnan Forestry Technological College, Kunming Yunnan PR China
| | - Zeyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Inst. of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College CN‐100193 Beijing PR China
| | - Shunxing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Inst. of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College CN‐100193 Beijing PR China
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20
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Rammitsu K, Yagame T, Yamashita Y, Yukawa T, Isshiki S, Ogura-Tsujita Y. A leafless epiphytic orchid, Taeniophyllum glandulosum Blume (Orchidaceae), is specifically associated with the Ceratobasidiaceae family of basidiomycetous fungi. MYCORRHIZA 2019; 29:159-166. [PMID: 30707331 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-019-00881-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Leafless epiphytes in the Orchidaceae undergo a morphological metamorphosis in which the root has chloroplast-containing cortical cells and is the sole photosynthetic organ for carbon gain. All orchids are entirely dependent on mycorrhizal fungi for their carbon supply during seed germination, and this mycorrhizal association generally persists in adult plants. However, our knowledge of the mycorrhizal association of leafless epiphytic orchids remains limited, and the contribution of the mycorrhizal association to nutrient acquisition in these orchid species is largely unknown. In this study, the mycorrhizal fungi of a leafless epiphytic orchid, Taeniophyllum glandulosum, were identified molecularly using 68 mature plants and 17 seedlings. In total, 187 fungal internal transcribed spacer sequences were obtained, of which 99% were identified as Ceratobasidiaceae. These sequences were classified into five operational taxonomic units (OTUs) based on 97% sequence similarity. The most frequent sequence was OTU1, which accounted for 91% of all Ceratobasidiaceae sequences, although other phylogenetically distinct Ceratobasidiaceae fungi were detected. These results show that T. glandulosum is specifically associated with a particular group of Ceratobasidiaceae. All mycorrhizal fungi found in T. glandulosum seedlings belonged to OTU1, which was also found in adult plants on the same host tree. The mycorrhizal fungi from 13 host tree species were compared, and T. glandulosum was preferentially associated with OTU1 on 11 tree species. In conclusion, T. glandulosum is specifically associated with Ceratobasidiaceae fungi and this specific association remains throughout the orchid life cycle and is found on divergent host tree species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Rammitsu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjyo-machi, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yagame
- Mizuho Municipal Museum, 5-316 Komagatafujiyama, Mizuho-machi, Nishitama-gun, Tokyo, 190-1202, Japan
| | - Yumi Yamashita
- National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0005, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Yukawa
- National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0005, Japan
| | - Shiro Isshiki
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjyo-machi, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yuki Ogura-Tsujita
- Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjyo-machi, Saga, 840-8502, Japan.
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
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21
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Qin J, Zhang W, Ge ZW, Zhang SB. Molecular identifications uncover diverse fungal symbionts of Pleione (Orchidaceae). FUNGAL ECOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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22
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Cevallos S, Herrera P, Sánchez-Rodríguez A, Declerck S, Suárez JP. Untangling factors that drive community composition of root associated fungal endophytes of Neotropical epiphytic orchids. FUNGAL ECOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Novotná A, Benítez Á, Herrera P, Cruz D, Filipczyková E, Suárez JP. High diversity of root-associated fungi isolated from three epiphytic orchids in southern Ecuador. MYCOSCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.myc.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wang X, Li Y, Song X, Meng Q, Zhu J, Zhao Y, Yu W. Influence of host tree species on isolation and communities of mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi from roots of a tropical epiphytic orchid, Dendrobium sinense (Orchidaceae). MYCORRHIZA 2017; 27:709-718. [PMID: 28685256 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-017-0787-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Most studies on the host preference of orchids have focused on the association between orchids and host characteristics, but little is known about the differences of mycorrhizal and endophytic fungal communities in epiphytic orchids growing on different host tree species. We selected Dendrobium sinense, a tropical epiphytic orchid, to determine if fungal endophytes from the roots of D. sinense were preferentially correlated with host tree species. Fifty-six fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) from 36 host trees were identified. The results indicated that the species richness and diversity of mycorrhizal and endophytic fungal communities isolated from D. sinense roots were strongly influenced by host tree species. Both species richness and diversity indices showed that D. sinense roots on Syzygium buxifolium harbored the most diverse and abundant endophytic fungi. Species of Tulasnellaceae were dominant on S. buxifolium and Rhododendron moulmainense but infrequent on Cyclobalanopsis disciformis and Podocarpus neriifolius. Our results provide evidence for distinct mycorrhizal and endophytic fungal communities on different host tree species. Further research focusing on fungi-orchid-host preference could be conducted to increase our understanding for the in situ conservation of epiphytic orchids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Wang
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Yijia Li
- Zhangzhou Institute of Technology, Fujian, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Xiqiang Song
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.
| | - Qianwan Meng
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Wengang Yu
- Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
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Xing X, Ma X, Men J, Chen Y, Guo S. Phylogenetic constrains on mycorrhizal specificity in eight Dendrobium (Orchidaceae) species. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2017; 60:536-544. [PMID: 28299575 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-017-9020-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Plant phylogeny constrains orchid mycorrhizal (OrM) fungal community composition in some orchids. Here, we investigated the structures of the OrM fungal communities of eight Dendrobium species in one niche to determine whether similarities in the OrM fungal communities correlated with the phylogeny of the host plants and whether the Dendrobium-OrM fungal interactions are phylogenetically conserved. A phylogeny based on DNA data was constructed for the eight coexisting Dendrobium species, and the OrM fungal communities were characterized by their roots. There were 31 different fungal lineages associated with the eight Dendrobium species. In total, 82.98% of the identified associations belonging to Tulasnellaceae, and a smaller proportion involved members of the unknown Basidiomycota (9.67%). Community analyses revealed that phylogenetically related Dendrobium tended to interact with a similar set of Tulasnellaceae fungi. The interactions between Dendrobium and Tulasnellaceae fungi were significantly influenced by the phylogenetic relationships among the Dendrobium species. Our results provide evidence that the mycorrhizal specificity in the eight coexisting Dendrobium species was phylogenetically conserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Xing
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xueting Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinxin Men
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shunxing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.
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