1
|
Gautam H, Khan S, Nidhi, Sofo A, Khan NA. Appraisal of the Role of Gaseous Signaling Molecules in Thermo-Tolerance Mechanisms in Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:791. [PMID: 38592775 PMCID: PMC10975175 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
A significant threat to the ongoing rise in temperature caused by global warming. Plants have many stress-resistance mechanisms, which is responsible for maintaining plant homeostasis. Abiotic stresses largely increase gaseous molecules' synthesis in plants. The study of gaseous signaling molecules has gained attention in recent years. The role of gaseous molecules, such as nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4), and ethylene, in plants under temperature high-temperature stress are discussed in the current review. Recent studies revealed the critical function that gaseous molecules play in controlling plant growth and development and their ability to respond to various abiotic stresses. Here, we provide a thorough overview of current advancements that prevent heat stress-related plant damage via gaseous molecules. We also explored and discussed the interaction of gaseous molecules. In addition, we provided an overview of the role played by gaseous molecules in high-temperature stress responses, along with a discussion of the knowledge gaps and how this may affect the development of high-temperature-resistant plant species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harsha Gautam
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Sheen Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Nidhi
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Adriano Sofo
- Department of European and Mediterranean Cultures: Architecture, Environment, Cultural Heritage (DiCEM), University of Basilicata, 75100 Matera, Italy
| | - Nafees A. Khan
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Janků M, Jedelská T, Činčalová L, Sedlář A, Mikulík J, Luhová L, Lochman J, Petřivalský M. Structure-activity relationships of oomycete elicitins uncover the role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in triggering plant defense responses. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 319:111239. [PMID: 35487652 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Elicitins are proteinaceous elicitors that induce the hypersensitive response and plant resistance against diverse phytopathogens. Elicitin recognition by membrane receptors or high-affinity sites activates a variety of fast responses including the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO), leading to induction of plant defense genes. Beta-cryptogein (CRY) is a basic β-elicitin secreted by the oomycete Phytophthora cryptogea that shows high necrotic activity in some plant species, whereas infestin 1 (INF1) secreted by the oomycete P. infestans belongs to acidic α-elicitins with a significantly weaker capacity to induce necrosis. We compared several mutated forms of β-CRY and INF1 with a modulated capacity to trigger ROS and NO production, bind plant sterols and induce cell death responses in cell cultures of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi. We evidenced a key role of the lysine residue in position 13 in basic elicitins for their biological activity and enhancement of necrotic effects of acidic INF1 by the replacement of the valine residue in position 84 by larger phenylalanine. Studied elicitins activated in differing intensity signaling pathways of ROS, NO and phytohormones jasmonic acid, ethylene and salicylic acid, known to be involved in triggering of hypersensitive response and establishment of systemic resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Janků
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Jedelská
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Činčalová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Antonín Sedlář
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Mikulík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science, Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Luhová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Lochman
- Department of Biochemistry, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Kamenice 753/5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Petřivalský
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
High-value pleiotropic genes for developing multiple stress-tolerant biofortified crops for 21st-century challenges. Heredity (Edinb) 2022; 128:460-472. [PMID: 35173311 PMCID: PMC8852949 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-022-00500-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The agriculture-based livelihood systems that are already vulnerable due to multiple challenges face immediate risk of increased crop failures due to weather vagaries. As breeders and biotechnologists, our strategy is to advance and innovate breeding for weather-proofing crops. Plant stress tolerance is a genetically complex trait. Additionally, crops rarely face a single type of stress in isolation, and it is difficult for plants to deal with multiple stresses simultaneously. One of the most helpful approaches to creating stress-resilient crops is genome editing and trans- or cis-genesis. Out of hundreds of stress-responsive genes, many have been used to impart tolerance against a particular stress factor, while a few used in combination for gene pyramiding against multiple stresses. However, a better approach would be to use multi-role pleiotropic genes that enable plants to adapt to numerous environmental stresses simultaneously. Herein we attempt to integrate and present the scattered information published in the past three decades about these pleiotropic genes for crop improvement and remodeling future cropping systems. Research articles validating functional roles of genes in transgenic plants were used to create groups of multi-role pleiotropic genes that could be candidate genes for developing weather-proof crop varieties. These biotech crop varieties will help create 'high-value farms' to meet the goal of a sustainable increase in global food productivity and stabilize food prices by ensuring a fluctuation-free assured food supply. It could also help create a gene repository through artificial gene synthesis for 'resilient high-value food production' for the 21st century.
Collapse
|
4
|
Bhat JA, Ahmad P, Corpas FJ. Main nitric oxide (NO) hallmarks to relieve arsenic stress in higher plants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 406:124289. [PMID: 33153789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid that adversely affects plant growth, and poses severe risks to human health. It induces disturbance to many physiological and metabolic pathways such as nutrient, water and redox imbalance, abnormal photosynthesis and ATP synthesis and loss of membrane integrity. Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical molecule endogenously generated in plant cells which has signalling properties. Under As-stress, the endogenous NO metabolism is significantly affected in a clear connection with the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggering nitro-oxidative stress. However, the exogenous NO application provides beneficial effects under As-stress conditions which can relieve oxidative damages by stimulating the antioxidant systems, regulation of the expression of the transporter and other defence-related genes, modification of root cell wall composition or the biosynthesis of enriched sulfur compounds such phytochelatins (PCs). This review aims to provide up-to-date information on the key NO hallmarks to relieve As-stress in higher plants. Furthermore, it will be analyzed the diverse genetic engineering techniques to increase the endogenous NO content which could open new biotechnological applications, especially in crops under arsenic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Javaid Akhter Bhat
- National Center for Soybean Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics and Breeding for Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Parvaiz Ahmad
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 8, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany, S.P. College Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), C/ Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tortella GR, Rubilar O, Diez MC, Padrão J, Zille A, Pieretti JC, Seabra AB. Advanced Material Against Human (Including Covid-19) and Plant Viruses: Nanoparticles As a Feasible Strategy. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2021; 5:2000049. [PMID: 33614127 PMCID: PMC7883180 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 virus outbreak revealed that these nano-pathogens have the ability to rapidly change lives. Undoubtedly, SARS-CoV-2 as well as other viruses can cause important global impacts, affecting public health, as well as, socioeconomic development. But viruses are not only a public health concern, they are also a problem in agriculture. The current treatments are often ineffective, are prone to develop resistance, or cause considerable adverse side effects. The use of nanotechnology has played an important role to combat viral diseases. In this review three main aspects are in focus: first, the potential use of nanoparticles as carriers for drug delivery. Second, its use for treatments of some human viral diseases, and third, its application as antivirals in plants. With these three themes, the aim is to give to readers an overview of the progress in this promising area of biotechnology during the 2017-2020 period, and to provide a glance at how tangible is the effectiveness of nanotechnology against viruses. Future prospects are also discussed. It is hoped that this review can be a contribution to general knowledge for both specialized and non-specialized readers, allowing a better knowledge of this interesting topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo R. Tortella
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio AmbienteCIBAMA‐BIORENUniversidad de La FronteraTemuco4811230Chile
| | - Olga Rubilar
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio AmbienteCIBAMA‐BIORENUniversidad de La FronteraTemuco4811230Chile
- Chemical Engineering DepartmentUniversidad de La FronteraTemuco4811230Chile
| | - María Cristina Diez
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigación Biotecnológica Aplicada al Medio AmbienteCIBAMA‐BIORENUniversidad de La FronteraTemuco4811230Chile
- Chemical Engineering DepartmentUniversidad de La FronteraTemuco4811230Chile
| | - Jorge Padrão
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T)University of MinhoGuimarães4800‐058Portugal
| | - Andrea Zille
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T)University of MinhoGuimarães4800‐058Portugal
| | - Joana C. Pieretti
- Center for Natural and Human SciencesUniversidade Federal d ABC (UFABC)Santo André09210‐580Brazil
| | - Amedea B. Seabra
- Center for Natural and Human SciencesUniversidade Federal d ABC (UFABC)Santo André09210‐580Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Del Castello F, Nejamkin A, Foresi N, Lamattina L, Correa-Aragunde N. Chimera of Globin/Nitric Oxide Synthase: Toward Improving Nitric Oxide Homeostasis and Nitrogen Recycling and Availability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:575651. [PMID: 33101345 PMCID: PMC7554344 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.575651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
|
7
|
Nejamkin A, Foresi N, Mayta ML, Lodeyro AF, Castello FD, Correa-Aragunde N, Carrillo N, Lamattina L. Nitrogen Depletion Blocks Growth Stimulation Driven by the Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase in Tobacco. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:312. [PMID: 32265964 PMCID: PMC7100548 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a messenger molecule widespread studied in plant physiology. Latter evidence supports the lack of a NO-producing system involving a NO synthase (NOS) activity in higher plants. However, a NOS gene from the unicellular marine alga Ostreococcus tauri (OtNOS) was characterized in recent years. OtNOS is a genuine NOS, with similar spectroscopic fingerprints to mammalian NOSs and high NO producing capacity. We are interested in investigating whether OtNOS activity alters nitrogen metabolism and nitrogen availability, thus improving growth promotion conditions in tobacco. Tobacco plants were transformed with OtNOS under the constitutive CaMV 35S promoter. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing OtNOS accumulated higher NO levels compared to siblings transformed with the empty vector, and displayed accelerated growth in different media containing sufficient nitrogen availability. Under conditions of nitrogen scarcity, the growth promoting effect of the OtNOS expression is diluted in terms of total leaf area, protein content and seed production. It is proposed that OtNOS might possess a plant growth promoting effect through facilitating N remobilization and nitrate assimilation with potential to improve crop plants performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Nejamkin
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Noelia Foresi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Martín L. Mayta
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Anabella F. Lodeyro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Fiorella Del Castello
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Natalia Correa-Aragunde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Néstor Carrillo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario (IBR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Lorenzo Lamattina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Unravelling the Roles of Nitrogen Nutrition in Plant Disease Defences. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020572. [PMID: 31963138 PMCID: PMC7014335 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important elements that has a central impact on plant growth and yield. N is also widely involved in plant stress responses, but its roles in host-pathogen interactions are complex as each affects the other. In this review, we summarize the relationship between N nutrition and plant disease and stress its importance for both host and pathogen. From the perspective of the pathogen, we describe how N can affect the pathogen’s infection strategy, whether necrotrophic or biotrophic. N can influence the deployment of virulence factors such as type III secretion systems in bacterial pathogen or contribute nutrients such as gamma-aminobutyric acid to the invader. Considering the host, the association between N nutrition and plant defence is considered in terms of physical, biochemical and genetic mechanisms. Generally, N has negative effects on physical defences and the production of anti-microbial phytoalexins but positive effects on defence-related enzymes and proteins to affect local defence as well as systemic resistance. N nutrition can also influence defence via amino acid metabolism and hormone production to affect downstream defence-related gene expression via transcriptional regulation and nitric oxide (NO) production, which represents a direct link with N. Although the critical role of N nutrition in plant defences is stressed in this review, further work is urgently needed to provide a comprehensive understanding of how opposing virulence and defence mechanisms are influenced by interacting networks.
Collapse
|
9
|
Astier J, Gross I, Durner J. Nitric oxide production in plants: an update. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2018; 69:3401-3411. [PMID: 29240949 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signaling molecule in plant physiology. However, its production in photosynthetic organisms remains partially unresolved. The best characterized NO production route involves the reduction of nitrite to NO via different non-enzymatic or enzymatic mechanisms. Nitrate reductases (NRs), the mitochondrial electron transport chain, and the new complex between NR and NOFNiR (nitric oxide-forming nitrite reductase) described in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the main enzymatic systems that perform this reductive NO production in plants. Apart from this reductive route, several reports acknowledge the possible existence of an oxidative NO production in an arginine-dependent pathway, similar to the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity present in animals. However, no NOS homologs have been found in the genome of embryophytes and, despite an increasing amount of evidence attesting to the existence of NOS-like activity in plants, the involved proteins remain to be identified. Here we review NO production in plants with emphasis on the presentation and discussion of recent data obtained in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Inonge Gross
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Durner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology Neuherberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cheng T, Hu L, Wang P, Yang X, Peng Y, Lu Y, Chen J, Shi J. Carbon Monoxide Potentiates High Temperature-Induced Nicotine Biosynthesis in Tobacco. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E188. [PMID: 29316708 PMCID: PMC5796137 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) acts as an important signal in many physiological responses in plants, but its role in plant secondary metabolism is still unknown. Nicotine is the main alkaloid generated in tobacco and the plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) has previously been reported to efficiently induce its biosynthesis. Whether and how CO interacts with JA to regulate nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that high temperature (HT) induces quick accumulation of nicotine in tobacco roots, combined with an increase in CO and JA concentration. Suppressing CO generation reduced both JA and nicotine biosynthesis, whereas exogenous application of CO increased JA and nicotine content. CO causes an increased expression of NtPMT1 (a key nicotine biosynthesis enzyme), via promoting NtMYC2a binding to the G-box region of its promoter, leading to heightened nicotine levels under HT conditions. These data suggest a novel function for CO in stimulating nicotine biosynthesis in tobacco under HT stress, through a JA signal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tielong Cheng
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, China.
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Liwei Hu
- Laboratory of Tobacco Agriculture, Zhengzhou Tobacco Research Institute of CNTC, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Pengkai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Xiuyan Yang
- Research Center of Saline and Alkali Land of State Forestry Administration, China Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China.
| | - Ye Peng
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, China.
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Ye Lu
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, China.
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Jinhui Chen
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, China.
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Jisen Shi
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing 210037, China.
- Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yastreb TO, Karpets YV, Kolupaev YE, Dmitriev AP. Induction of salt tolerance in salicylate-deficient NahG Arabidopsis transformants using the nitric oxide donor. CYTOL GENET+ 2017. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452717020086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
12
|
Groß F, Rudolf EE, Thiele B, Durner J, Astier J. Copper amine oxidase 8 regulates arginine-dependent nitric oxide production in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:2149-2162. [PMID: 28383668 PMCID: PMC5447880 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key signaling molecule in plants, regulating a wide range of physiological processes. However, its origin in plants remains unclear. It can be generated from nitrite through a reductive pathway, notably via the action of the nitrate reductase (NR), and evidence suggests an additional oxidative pathway, involving arginine. From an initial screen of potential Arabidopsis thaliana mutants impaired in NO production, we identified copper amine oxidase 8 (CuAO8). Two cuao8 mutant lines displayed a decreased NO production in seedlings after elicitor treatment and salt stress. The NR-dependent pathway was not responsible for the impaired NO production as no change in NR activity was found in the mutants. However, total arginase activity was strongly increased in cuao8 knockout mutants after salt stress. Moreover, NO production could be restored in the mutants by arginase inhibition or arginine addition. Furthermore, arginine supplementation reversed the root growth phenotype observed in the mutants. These results demonstrate that CuAO8 participates in NO production by influencing arginine availability through the modulation of arginase activity. The influence of CuAO8 on arginine-dependent NO synthesis suggests a new regulatory pathway for NO production in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felicitas Groß
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology,D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eva-Esther Rudolf
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology,D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Björn Thiele
- Forschungszentrum Jülich, Institute for Bio-and Geoscience, IBG-2, D-52428 Jülich, Germany
| | - Jörg Durner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University Munich, Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan, D-80333 München, Germany
| | - Jeremy Astier
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology,D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nitric oxide participates in plant flowering repression by ascorbate. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35246. [PMID: 27731387 PMCID: PMC5059679 DOI: 10.1038/srep35246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In Oncidium, redox homeostasis involved in flowering is mainly due to ascorbic acid (AsA). Here, we discovered that Oncidium floral repression is caused by an increase in AsA-mediated NO levels, which is directed by the enzymatic activities of nitrate reductase (NaR) and nitrite reducatase (NiR). Through Solexa transcriptomic analysis of two libraries, ‘pseudobulb with inflorescent bud’ (PIB) and ‘pseudobulb with axillary bud’ (PAB), we identified differentially expressed genes related to NO metabolism. Subsequently, we showed a significant reduction of NaR enzymatic activities and NO levels during bolting and blooming stage, suggesting that NO controlled the phase transition and flowering process. Applying AsA to Oncidium PLB (protocorm-like bodies) significantly elevated the NO content and enzyme activities. Application of sodium nitroprusside (-NO donor) on Arabidopsis vtc1 mutant caused late flowering and expression level of flowering-associated genes (CO, FT and LFY) were reduced, suggesting NO signaling is vital for flowering repression. Conversely, the flowering time of noa1, an Arabidopsis NO-deficient mutant, was not altered after treatment with L-galacturonate, a precursor of AsA, suggesting AsA is required for NO-biosynthesis involved in the NO-mediated flowering-repression pathway. Altogether, Oncidium bolting is tightly regulated by AsA-mediated NO level and downregulation of transcriptional levels of NO metabolism genes.
Collapse
|
14
|
Nitric oxide synthase in plants: Where do we stand? Nitric Oxide 2016; 63:30-38. [PMID: 27658319 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over the past twenty years, nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an important player in various plant physiological processes. Although many advances in the understanding of NO functions have been made, the question of how NO is produced in plants is still challenging. It is now generally accepted that the endogenous production of NO is mainly accomplished through the reduction of nitrite via both enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms which remain to be fully characterized. Furthermore, experimental arguments in favour of the existence of plant nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-like enzymes have been reported. However, recent investigations revealed that land plants do not possess animal NOS-like enzymes while few algal species do. Phylogenetic and structural analyses reveals interesting features specific to algal NOS-like proteins.
Collapse
|
15
|
Hu X, Yang J, Li C. Transcriptomic Response to Nitric Oxide Treatment in Larix olgensis Henry. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:28582-97. [PMID: 26633380 PMCID: PMC4691064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Larix olgensis Henry is an important coniferous species found in plantation forests in northeastern China, but it is vulnerable to pathogens. Nitric oxide (NO) is an important molecule involved in plant resistance to pathogens. To study the regulatory role of NO at the transcriptional level, we characterized the transcriptomic response of L. olgensis seedlings to sodium nitroprusside (SNP, NO donor) using Illumina sequencing and de novo transcriptome assembly. A significant number of putative metabolic pathways and functions associated with the unique sequences were identified. Genes related to plant pathogen infection (FLS2, WRKY33, MAPKKK, and PR1) were upregulated with SNP treatment. This report describes the potential contribution of NO to disease resistance in L. olgensis as induced by biotic stress. Our results provide a substantial contribution to the genomic and transcriptomic resources for L. olgensis, as well as expanding our understanding of the involvement of NO in defense responses at the transcriptional level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Jingli Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Chenghao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Northeast Forestry University, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Simontacchi M, Galatro A, Ramos-Artuso F, Santa-María GE. Plant Survival in a Changing Environment: The Role of Nitric Oxide in Plant Responses to Abiotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:977. [PMID: 26617619 PMCID: PMC4637419 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide in plants may originate endogenously or come from surrounding atmosphere and soil. Interestingly, this gaseous free radical is far from having a constant level and varies greatly among tissues depending on a given plant's ontogeny and environmental fluctuations. Proper plant growth, vegetative development, and reproduction require the integration of plant hormonal activity with the antioxidant network, as well as the maintenance of concentration of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species within a narrow range. Plants are frequently faced with abiotic stress conditions such as low nutrient availability, salinity, drought, high ultraviolet (UV) radiation and extreme temperatures, which can influence developmental processes and lead to growth restriction making adaptive responses the plant's priority. The ability of plants to respond and survive under environmental-stress conditions involves sensing and signaling events where nitric oxide becomes a critical component mediating hormonal actions, interacting with reactive oxygen species, and modulating gene expression and protein activity. This review focuses on the current knowledge of the role of nitric oxide in adaptive plant responses to some specific abiotic stress conditions, particularly low mineral nutrient supply, drought, salinity and high UV-B radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Simontacchi
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de La Plata–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasLa Plata, Argentina
| | - Andrea Galatro
- Physical Chemistry – Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo Ramos-Artuso
- Instituto de Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad Nacional de La Plata–Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasLa Plata, Argentina
| | - Guillermo E. Santa-María
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas–Universidad Nacional de San MartínChascomús, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kovacs I, Durner J, Lindermayr C. Crosstalk between nitric oxide and glutathione is required for NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1)-dependent defense signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2015; 208:860-72. [PMID: 26096525 DOI: 10.1111/nph.13502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a ubiquitous signaling molecule involved in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes in animals and plants. Although its significant influence on plant immunity is well known, information about the exact regulatory mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the defense response to pathogens is still limited. We used genetic, biochemical, pharmacological approaches in combination with infection experiments to investigate the NO-triggered salicylic acid (SA)-dependent defense response in Arabidopsis thaliana. The NO donor S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) promoted the nuclear accumulation of NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1 (NPR1) protein accompanied by an elevated SA concentration and the activation of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, leading to induced resistance of A. thaliana against Pseudomonas infection. Moreover, NO induced a rapid change in the glutathione status, resulting in increased concentrations of glutathione, which is required for SA accumulation and activation of the NPR1-dependent defense response. Our data imply crosstalk between NO and glutathione, which is integral to the NPR1-dependent defense signaling pathway, and further demonstrate that glutathione is not only an important cellular redox buffer but also a signaling molecule in the plant defense response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Izabella Kovacs
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764, Munich/Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Durner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764, Munich/Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Technische Universität München, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Christian Lindermayr
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-85764, Munich/Neuherberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Comparative metabolomic analysis highlights the involvement of sugars and glycerol in melatonin-mediated innate immunity against bacterial pathogen in Arabidopsis. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15815. [PMID: 26508076 PMCID: PMC4623600 DOI: 10.1038/srep15815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin is an important secondary messenger in plant innate immunity against the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringe pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 in the salicylic acid (SA)- and nitric oxide (NO)-dependent pathway. However, the metabolic homeostasis in melatonin-mediated innate immunity is unknown. In this study, comparative metabolomic analysis found that the endogenous levels of both soluble sugars (fructose, glucose, melibose, sucrose, maltose, galatose, tagatofuranose and turanose) and glycerol were commonly increased after both melatonin treatment and Pst DC3000 infection in Arabidopsis. Further studies showed that exogenous pre-treatment with fructose, glucose, sucrose, or glycerol increased innate immunity against Pst DC3000 infection in wild type (Col-0) Arabidopsis plants, but largely alleviated their effects on the innate immunity in SA-deficient NahG plants and NO-deficient mutants. This indicated that SA and NO are also essential for sugars and glycerol-mediated disease resistance. Moreover, exogenous fructose, glucose, sucrose and glycerol pre-treatments remarkably increased endogenous NO level, but had no significant effect on the endogenous melatonin level. Taken together, this study highlights the involvement of sugars and glycerol in melatonin-mediated innate immunity against bacterial pathogen in SA and NO-dependent pathway in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
|
19
|
Santisree P, Bhatnagar-Mathur P, Sharma KK. NO to drought-multifunctional role of nitric oxide in plant drought: Do we have all the answers? PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 239:44-55. [PMID: 26398790 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a versatile gaseous signaling molecule with increasing significance in plant research due to its association with various stress responses. Although, improved drought tolerance by NO is associated greatly with its ability to reduce stomatal opening and oxidative stress, it can immensely influence other physiological processes such as photosynthesis, proline accumulation and seed germination under water deficit. NO as a free radical can directly alter proteins, enzyme activities, gene transcription, and post-translational modifications that benefit functional recovery from drought. The present drought-mitigating strategies have focused on exogenous application of NO donors for exploring the associated physiological and molecular events, transgenic and mutant studies, but are inadequate. Considering the biphasic effects of NO, a cautious deployment is necessary along with a systematic approach for deciphering positively regulated responses to avoid any cytotoxic effects. Identification of NO target molecules and in-depth analysis of its effects under realistic field drought conditions should be an upmost priority. This detailed synthesis on the role of NO offers new insights on its functions, signaling, regulation, interactions and co-existence with different drought-related events providing future directions for exploiting this molecule towards improving drought tolerance in crop plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parankusam Santisree
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad 502324, Telangana, India.
| | - Pooja Bhatnagar-Mathur
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad 502324, Telangana, India
| | - Kiran K Sharma
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad 502324, Telangana, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shi H, Chen Y, Tan DX, Reiter RJ, Chan Z, He C. Melatonin induces nitric oxide and the potential mechanisms relate to innate immunity against bacterial pathogen infection in Arabidopsis. J Pineal Res 2015; 59:102-8. [PMID: 25960153 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a naturally occurring small molecule, serving as important secondary messenger in the response of plants to various biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the interactions between melatonin and other important molecules in the plant stress response, especially in plant immunity, are largely unknown. In this study, we found that both melatonin and nitric oxide (NO) levels in Arabidopsis leaves were significantly induced by bacterial pathogen (Pst DC3000) infection. The elevated NO production was caused by melatonin as melatonin application enhanced endogenous NO level with great efficacy. Moreover, both melatonin and NO conferred improved disease resistance against Pseudomonas syringe pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 infection in Arabidopsis. NO scavenger significantly suppressed the rise of NO which was induced by exogenous application of melatonin. As a result, the beneficial effects of melatonin on the expression of salicylic acid (SA)-related genes and disease resistance against bacterial pathogen infection were jeopardized by use of a NO scavenger. Consistently, melatonin application significantly lost its effect on the innate immunity against P. syringe pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 infection in NO-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis. The results indicate that melatonin-induced NO production is responsible for innate immunity response of Arabidopsis against Pst DC3000 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Shi
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yinhua Chen
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Dun-Xian Tan
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zhulong Chan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaozu He
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Foresi N, Mayta ML, Lodeyro AF, Scuffi D, Correa-Aragunde N, García-Mata C, Casalongué C, Carrillo N, Lamattina L. Expression of the tetrahydrofolate-dependent nitric oxide synthase from the green alga Ostreococcus tauri increases tolerance to abiotic stresses and influences stomatal development in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 82:806-21. [PMID: 25880454 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule with diverse biological functions in plants. NO plays a crucial role in growth and development, from germination to senescence, and is also involved in plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In animals, NO is synthesized by well-described nitric oxide synthase (NOS) enzymes. NOS activity has also been detected in higher plants, but no gene encoding an NOS protein, or the enzymes required for synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin, an essential cofactor of mammalian NOS activity, have been identified so far. Recently, an NOS gene from the unicellular marine alga Ostreococcus tauri (OtNOS) has been discovered and characterized. Arabidopsis thaliana plants were transformed with OtNOS under the control of the inducible short promoter fragment (SPF) of the sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Hahb-4 gene, which responds to abiotic stresses and abscisic acid. Transgenic plants expressing OtNOS accumulated higher NO concentrations compared with siblings transformed with the empty vector, and displayed enhanced salt, drought and oxidative stress tolerance. Moreover, transgenic OtNOS lines exhibited increased stomatal development compared with plants transformed with the empty vector. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that OtNOS, unlike mammalian NOS, efficiently uses tetrahydrofolate as a cofactor in Arabidopsis plants. The modulation of NO production to alleviate abiotic stress disturbances in higher plants highlights the potential of genetic manipulation to influence NO metabolism as a tool to improve plant fitness under adverse growth conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Foresi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CC 1245, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Martín L Mayta
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Anabella F Lodeyro
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Denise Scuffi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CC 1245, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Natalia Correa-Aragunde
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CC 1245, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Carlos García-Mata
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CC 1245, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Claudia Casalongué
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CC 1245, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Néstor Carrillo
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, 2000, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Lorenzo Lamattina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CC 1245, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhu H, Zhang R, Chen W, Gu Z, Xie X, Zhao H, Yao Q. The possible involvement of salicylic acid and hydrogen peroxide in the systemic promotion of phenolic biosynthesis in clover roots colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 178:27-34. [PMID: 25765360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) colonization can induce both the local and the systemic increase in phenolic accumulation in hosts. However, the signaling molecules responsible for the systemic induction is still unclear. In this study, a split-root rhizobox system was designed to explore these molecules, with one half of clover (Trifolium repense) roots colonized by AMF, Funneliformis mosseae (formerly known as Glomus mosseae), and the other not (NM/M). Plants with two halves both (M/M) or neither (NM/NM) inoculated were also established for comparison. The contents of phenols and the accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) in roots were monitored, the activities of L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in roots were assayed, and the expressions of pal and chs (gene encoding chalcone synthase) genes in roots were also quantified using qRT-PCR. Results indicated that when phenolic content in NM/NM plants was lower than that in M/M plants, AMF colonization systemically induced the increase in phenolic content in NM/M plants. Similarly, the accumulations of SA and H2O2 were increased by AMF both locally and systemically, while that of NO was only increased locally. Moreover, enzyme assay and qRT-PCR were in accordance with these results. These data suggest that AMF colonization can systemically increase the phenolic biosynthesis, and SA and H2O2 are possibly the signaling molecules involved. The role of MeSA, a signaling molecule capable of long distance transport in this process, is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honghui Zhu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (Ministry-Guangdong Province Jointly Breeding Base) South China, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruiqin Zhang
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China; College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Weili Chen
- College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhong Gu
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (Ministry-Guangdong Province Jointly Breeding Base) South China, Guangzhou, China; College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (Ministry-Guangdong Province Jointly Breeding Base) South China, Guangzhou, China; College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiquan Zhao
- College of Life Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Qing Yao
- Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology (Ministry-Guangdong Province Jointly Breeding Base) South China, Guangzhou, China; College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Corpas FJ, Barroso JB. Nitric oxide from a "green" perspective. Nitric Oxide 2015; 45:15-9. [PMID: 25638488 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The molecule nitric oxide (NO) which is involved in practically all biochemical and physiological plant processes has become a subject for plant research. However, there remain many unanswered questions concerning how, where and when this molecule is enzymatically generated in higher plants. This mini-review aims to provide an overview of NO in plants for those readers unfamiliar with this field of research. The review will therefore discuss the importance of NO in higher plants at the physiological and biochemical levels, its involvement in designated nitro-oxidative stresses in response to adverse abiotic and biotic environmental conditions, NO emission/uptake from plants, beneficial plant-microbial interactions, and its potential application in the biotechnological fields of agriculture and food nutrition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidants, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Apartado 419, Granada E-18080, Spain.
| | - Juan B Barroso
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Jaén, Campus "Las Lagunillas", Jaén E-23071, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Salicylic Acid Signaling in Plant Innate Immunity. PLANT HORMONE SIGNALING SYSTEMS IN PLANT INNATE IMMUNITY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-9285-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
25
|
Wendehenne D, Gao QM, Kachroo A, Kachroo P. Free radical-mediated systemic immunity in plants. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2014; 20:127-34. [PMID: 24929297 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a form of defense that protects plants against a broad-spectrum of secondary infections by related or unrelated pathogens. SAR related research has witnessed considerable progress in recent years and a number of chemical signals and proteins contributing to SAR have been identified. All of these diverse constituents share their requirement for the phytohormone salicylic acid, an essential downstream component of the SAR pathway. However, recent work demonstrating the essential parallel functioning of nitric oxide (NO)-derived and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-derived signaling together with SA provides important new insights in the overlapping pathways leading to SAR. This review discusses the potential significance of branched pathways and the relative contributions of NO/ROS-derived and SA-derived pathways in SAR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Wendehenne
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Mécanisme et Gestion des Interactions Plantes-microorganismes, ERL CNRS 6300, Dijon, France
| | - Qing-Ming Gao
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, United States
| | - Aardra Kachroo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, United States
| | - Pradeep Kachroo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Shi H, Ye T, Zhu JK, Chan Z. Constitutive production of nitric oxide leads to enhanced drought stress resistance and extensive transcriptional reprogramming in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:4119-31. [PMID: 24868034 PMCID: PMC4112625 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eru184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is involved in plant responses to many environmental stresses. Transgenic Arabidopsis lines that constitutively express rat neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) were described recently. In this study, it is reported that the nNOS transgenic Arabidopsis plants displayed high levels of osmolytes and increased antioxidant enzyme activities. Transcriptomic analysis identified 601 or 510 genes that were differentially expressed as a consequence of drought stress or nNOS transformation, respectively. Pathway and gene ontology (GO) term enrichment analyses revealed that genes involved in photosynthesis, redox, stress, and phytohormone and secondary metabolism were greatly affected by the nNOS transgene. Several CBF genes and members of zinc finger gene families, which are known to regulate transcription in the stress response, were changed by the nNOS transgene. Genes regulated by both the nNOS transgene and abscisic acid (ABA) treatments were compared and identified, including those for two ABA receptors (AtPYL4 and AtPYL5). Moreover, overexpression of AtPYL4 and AtPYL5 enhanced drought resistance, antioxidant enzyme activity, and osmolyte levels. These observations increase our understanding of the role of NO in drought stress response in Arabidopsis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Tiantian Ye
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Zhulong Chan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
León J, Castillo MC, Coego A, Lozano-Juste J, Mir R. Diverse functional interactions between nitric oxide and abscisic acid in plant development and responses to stress. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2014; 65:907-21. [PMID: 24371253 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The extensive support for abscisic acid (ABA) involvement in the complex regulatory networks controlling stress responses and development in plants contrasts with the relatively recent role assigned to nitric oxide (NO). Because treatment with exogenous ABA leads to enhanced production of NO, it has been widely considered that NO participates downstream of ABA in controlling processes such as stomata movement, seed dormancy, and germination. However, data on leaf senescence and responses to stress suggest that the functional interaction between ABA and NO is more complex than previously thought, including not only cooperation but also antagonism. The functional relationship is probably determined by several factors including the time- and place-dependent pattern of accumulation of both molecules, the threshold levels, and the regulatory factors important for perception. These factors will determine the actions exerted by each regulator. Here, several examples of well-documented functional interactions between NO and ABA are analysed in light of the most recent reported data on seed dormancy and germination, stomata movements, leaf senescence, and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José León
- Plant Development and Hormone Action, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas (CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de Valencia), Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hong JK, Kang SR, Kim YH, Yoon DJ, Kim DH, Kim HJ, Sung CH, Kang HS, Choi CW, Kim SH, Kim YS. Hydrogen Peroxide- and Nitric Oxide-mediated Disease Control of Bacterial Wilt in Tomato Plants. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2013; 29:386-96. [PMID: 25288967 PMCID: PMC4174819 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.04.2013.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in tomato plants by Ralstonia solanacearum infection and the role of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide in tomato bacterial wilt control were demonstrated. During disease development of tomato bacterial wilt, accumulation of superoxide anion (O2 (-)) and H2O2 was observed and lipid peroxidation also occurred in the tomato leaf tissues. High doses of H2O2and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) nitric oxide donor showed phytotoxicity to detached tomato leaves 1 day after petiole feeding showing reduced fresh weight. Both H2O2and SNP have in vitro antibacterial activities against R. solanacearum in a dose-dependent manner, as well as plant protection in detached tomato leaves against bacterial wilt by 10(6) and 10(7) cfu/ml of R. solanacearum. H2O2- and SNP-mediated protection was also evaluated in pots using soil-drench treatment with the bacterial inoculation, and relative 'area under the disease progressive curve (AUDPC)' was calculated to compare disease protection by H2O2 and/or SNP with untreated control. Neither H2O2 nor SNP protect the tomato seedlings from the bacterial wilt, but H2O2+ SNP mixture significantly decreased disease severity with reduced relative AUDPC. These results suggest that H2O2 and SNP could be used together to control bacterial wilt in tomato plants as bactericidal agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeum Kyu Hong
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - Su Ran Kang
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - Yeon Hwa Kim
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - Dong June Yoon
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - Do Hoon Kim
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - Hyeon Ji Kim
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Sung
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - Han Sol Kang
- Department of Horticultural Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology (GNTech), Jinju 660-758, Korea
| | - Chang Won Choi
- Department of Biology and Medical Science, Paichai University, Daejeon 302-735, Korea
| | - Seong Hwan Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Institute of Basic Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-714, Korea
| | - Young Shik Kim
- Department of Plant Science and Food Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Cheonan 330-720, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Vogel-Adghough D, Stahl E, Návarová H, Zeier J. Pipecolic acid enhances resistance to bacterial infection and primes salicylic acid and nicotine accumulation in tobacco. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2013; 8:e26366. [PMID: 24025239 PMCID: PMC4091605 DOI: 10.4161/psb.26366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Distinct amino acid metabolic pathways constitute integral parts of the plant immune system. We have recently identified pipecolic acid (Pip), a lysine-derived non-protein amino acid, as a critical regulator of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and basal immunity to bacterial infection in Arabidopsis thaliana. In Arabidopsis, Pip acts as an endogenous mediator of defense amplification and priming. For instance, Pip conditions plants for effective biosynthesis of the phenolic defense signal salicylic acid (SA), accumulation of the phytoalexin camalexin, and expression of defense-related genes. Here, we show that tobacco plants respond to leaf infection by the compatible bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tabaci (Pstb) with a significant accumulation of several amino acids, including Lys, branched-chain, aromatic, and amide group amino acids. Moreover, Pstb strongly triggers, alongside the biosynthesis of SA and increases in the defensive alkaloid nicotine, the production of the Lys catabolites Pip and α-aminoadipic acid. Exogenous application of Pip to tobacco plants provides significant protection to infection by adapted Pstb or by non-adapted, hypersensitive cell death-inducing P. syringae pv maculicola. Pip thereby primes tobacco for rapid and strong accumulation of SA and nicotine following bacterial infection. Thus, our study indicates that the role of Pip as an amplifier of immune responses is conserved between members of the rosid and asterid groups of eudicot plants and suggests a broad practical applicability for Pip as a natural enhancer of plant disease resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elia Stahl
- Department of Biology; Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hana Návarová
- Department of Biology; Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Zeier
- Department of Biology; Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf; Düsseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Groß F, Durner J, Gaupels F. Nitric oxide, antioxidants and prooxidants in plant defence responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:419. [PMID: 24198820 PMCID: PMC3812536 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In plant cells the free radical nitric oxide (NO) interacts both with anti- as well as prooxidants. This review provides a short survey of the central roles of ascorbate and glutathione-the latter alone or in conjunction with S-nitrosoglutathione reductase-in controlling NO bioavailability. Other major topics include the regulation of antioxidant enzymes by NO and the interplay between NO and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Under stress conditions NO regulates antioxidant enzymes at the level of activity and gene expression, which can cause either enhancement or reduction of the cellular redox status. For instance chronic NO production during salt stress induced the antioxidant system thereby increasing salt tolerance in various plants. In contrast, rapid NO accumulation in response to strong stress stimuli was occasionally linked to inhibition of antioxidant enzymes and a subsequent rise in hydrogen peroxide levels. Moreover, during incompatible Arabidopsis thaliana-Pseudomonas syringae interactions ROS burst and cell death progression were shown to be terminated by S-nitrosylation-triggered inhibition of NADPH oxidases, further highlighting the multiple roles of NO during redox-signaling. In chemical reactions between NO and ROS reactive nitrogen species (RNS) arise with characteristics different from their precursors. Recently, peroxynitrite formed by the reaction of NO with superoxide has attracted much attention. We will describe putative functions of this molecule and other NO derivatives in plant cells. Non-symbiotic hemoglobins (nsHb) were proposed to act in NO degradation. Additionally, like other oxidases nsHb is also capable of catalyzing protein nitration through a nitrite- and hydrogen peroxide-dependent process. The physiological significance of the described findings under abiotic and biotic stress conditions will be discussed with a special emphasis on pathogen-induced programmed cell death (PCD).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Frank Gaupels
- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz-Zentrum MünchenMunich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Freschi L. Nitric oxide and phytohormone interactions: current status and perspectives. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:398. [PMID: 24130567 PMCID: PMC3793198 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is currently considered a ubiquitous signal in plant systems, playing significant roles in a wide range of responses to environmental and endogenous cues. During the signaling events leading to these plant responses, NO frequently interacts with plant hormones and other endogenous molecules, at times originating remarkably complex signaling cascades. Accumulating evidence indicates that virtually all major classes of plant hormones may influence, at least to some degree, the endogenous levels of NO. In addition, studies conducted during the induction of diverse plant responses have demonstrated that NO may also affect biosynthesis, catabolism/conjugation, transport, perception, and/or transduction of different phytohormones, such as auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, ethylene, salicylic acid, jasmonates, and brassinosteroids. Although still not completely elucidated, the mechanisms underlying the interaction between NO and plant hormones have recently been investigated in a number of species and plant responses. This review specifically focuses on the current knowledge of the mechanisms implicated in NO-phytohormone interactions during the regulation of developmental and metabolic plant events. The modifications triggered by NO on the transcription of genes encoding biosynthetic/degradative enzymes as well as proteins involved in the transport and signal transduction of distinct plant hormones will be contextualized during the control of developmental, metabolic, and defense responses in plants. Moreover, the direct post-translational modification of phytohormone biosynthetic enzymes and receptors through S-nitrosylation will also be discussed as a key mechanism for regulating plant physiological responses. Finally, some future perspectives toward a more complete understanding of NO-phytohormone interactions will also be presented and discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luciano Freschi
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Botany, University of Sao PauloSao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Scheler C, Durner J, Astier J. Nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in plant biotic interactions. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 16:534-9. [PMID: 23880111 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important signaling molecules in plants. Recent progress has been made in defining their role during plant biotic interactions. Over the last decade, their function in disease resistance has been highlighted and focused a lot of investigations. Moreover, NO and ROS have recently emerged as important players of defense responses after herbivore attacks. Besides their role in plant adaptive response development, NO and ROS have been demonstrated to be involved in symbiotic interactions between plants and microorganisms. Here we review recent data concerning these three sides of NO and ROS functions in plant biotic interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Scheler
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Moghaddam MRB, den Ende WV. Sugars, the clock and transition to flowering. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:22. [PMID: 23420760 PMCID: PMC3572515 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Sugars do not only act as source of energy, but they also act as signals in plants. This mini review summarizes the emerging links between sucrose-mediated signaling and the cellular networks involved in flowering time control and defense. Cross-talks with gibberellin and jasmonate signaling pathways are highlighted. The circadian clock fulfills a crucial role at the heart of cellular networks and the bilateral relation between sugar signaling and the clock is discussed. It is proposed that important factors controlling plant growth (DELLAs, PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORS, invertases, and trehalose-6-phosphate) might fulfill central roles in the transition to flowering as well. The emerging concept of "sweet immunity," modulated by the clock, might at least partly rely on a sucrose-specific signaling pathway that needs further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- *Correspondence: Wim Van den Ende, Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, The Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium. e-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mur LAJ, Prats E, Pierre S, Hall MA, Hebelstrup KH. Integrating nitric oxide into salicylic acid and jasmonic acid/ ethylene plant defense pathways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:215. [PMID: 23818890 PMCID: PMC3694216 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant defense against pests and pathogens is known to be conferred by either salicylic acid (SA) or jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET) pathways, depending on infection or herbivore-grazing strategy. It is well attested that SA and JA/ET pathways are mutually antagonistic allowing defense responses to be tailored to particular biotic stresses. Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as a major signal influencing resistance mediated by both signaling pathways but no attempt has been made to integrate NO into established SA/JA/ET interactions. NO has been shown to act as an inducer or suppressor of signaling along each pathway. NO will initiate SA biosynthesis and nitrosylate key cysteines on TGA-class transcription factors to aid in the initiation of SA-dependent gene expression. Against this, S-nitrosylation of NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED PROTEINS1 (NPR1) will promote the NPR1 oligomerization within the cytoplasm to reduce TGA activation. In JA biosynthesis, NO will initiate the expression of JA biosynthetic enzymes, presumably to over-come any antagonistic effects of SA on JA-mediated transcription. NO will also initiate the expression of ET biosynthetic genes but a suppressive role is also observed in the S-nitrosylation and inhibition of S-adenosylmethionine transferases which provides methyl groups for ET production. Based on these data a model for NO action is proposed but we have also highlighted the need to understand when and how inductive and suppressive steps are used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. J. Mur
- Molecular Plant Pathology Group, Institute of Environmental and Rural Science, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, UK
- *Correspondence: Luis A. J. Mur, Molecular Plant Pathology Group, Institute of Environmental and Rural Science, Aberystwyth University, Edward Llwyd Building, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK e-mail:
| | - Elena Prats
- Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research CouncilCórdoba, Spain
| | - Sandra Pierre
- Molecular Plant Pathology Group, Institute of Environmental and Rural Science, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, UK
| | - Michael A. Hall
- Molecular Plant Pathology Group, Institute of Environmental and Rural Science, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, UK
| | - Kim H. Hebelstrup
- Section of Crop Genetics and Biotechnology, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Aarhus UniversitySlagelse, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|